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Pescosolido BA. A network frame offers a promising transdisciplinary tool for understanding complex health and health care system problems like suicide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402194121. [PMID: 39136988 PMCID: PMC11348096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402194121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
As health and health care systems continue to face massive challenges from local to global well-being, understanding the processes that lead to improvement or deterioration in human health has embraced a broad range of forces from genes to national cultures. Despite the many efforts to deploy a common framework that captures diverse drivers at scale, the common missing element is the absence of a flexible mechanism that can guide research within and across levels. This hinders both the cumulation of knowledge and the development of a scientific foundation for multiplex interventions. However, studies across disciplines using a wide variety of methods and measures have converged on "connectedness" as crucial to understanding how factors operate in the health space. More formally, a focus on the critical role of the network structure and content of key elements and how they interact, rather than just on the elements themselves, offers both a generalized theory of active factors within levels and the potential to theorize interactions across levels. One critical contemporary health crisis, suicide, is deployed to illustrate the Network Embedded Symbiome Framework. The wide range of health and health care research where networks have been implicated supports its potential but also cautions against inevitable limits that will require creative theorizing and data harmonization to move forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernice A. Pescosolido
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
- Irsay Institute for Sociomedical Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN47405
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2
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Bilello D, Townsend E, Broome MR, Armstrong G, Burnett Heyes S. Friendships and peer relationships and self-harm ideation and behaviour among young people: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Lancet Psychiatry 2024; 11:633-657. [PMID: 39025094 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(24)00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Friendships and peer relationships have an important role in the experience of self-harm ideation and behaviour in young people, yet they typically remain overlooked. This systematic review and narrative synthesis explores the extant literature on this topic to identify important relationships between these constructs. We did a keyword search of peer-reviewed empirical articles relating to friendships and peer relationships and self-harm ideation and behaviour in young people (aged 11-25 years). We identified 90 articles with evidence primarily from adolescents aged 11-18 years, including mixed genders and a majority of White individuals. Findings highlight substantive relationships between the key constructs, showing that: characteristics of friends and peers, including their self-harm ideation and behaviour, relate to and predict ego self-harm ideation and behaviour; friends and peers are important sources of support; and evidence on causal mechanisms is scarce but highlights potential peer selection and influence processes. Studies of the friends and peers of young people with self-harm ideation and behaviour highlight that: friends' attitudes to self-harm and suicide influence their responses to peers with self-harm ideation and behaviour; and friends who are bereaved and friend supporters experience negative outcomes such as symptoms of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and grief, alongside difficult emotions. Despite substantial heterogeneity across samples, study designs, and definition or measurement of the primary constructs, this work presents an initial step in organising a complex literature on a crucially important topic, which can help to inform future research and evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfina Bilello
- School of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Self-Harm Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Ellen Townsend
- Self-Harm Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew R Broome
- School of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gregory Armstrong
- Nossal Institute for Global Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephanie Burnett Heyes
- School of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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3
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Holm ME, Østergaard LD, Aamund K, Jørgensen K, Midtgaard J, Vinberg M, Nordentoft M. What methods are used in research of firsthand experiences with online self-harming and suicidal behavior? A scoping review. Nord J Psychiatry 2024; 78:165-180. [PMID: 38270399 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2024.2306504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Online self-harming and suicidal behavior is a novel and rapidly increasing phenomenon warranting comprehensive mapping of used research methods. AIM To identify and map how knowledge on online self-harming and suicidal behavior is gathered, including how data are collected e.g. questionnaires and interviews. METHODS The review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Scoping Reviews in tandem with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A keyword search of three electronic databases was conducted on two occasions, yielding 5422 records. Following duplicate removal, the records were screened based on the following inclusion criterions; (1) in English or Nordic language and published between 2011-2022, (2) presenting results for self-harming and/or suicidal behavior on social media and (3) using tools for either interview or questionnaire aiming at assessment of the experience of online self-harming and suicidal behavior from the perspective of the person who engages in the behavior. A total of 64 articles were included. RESULTS 45 used questionnaires, 17 used interviews, and two studies mixed the two approaches. 17% of the studies had made some effort to ensure validity within the questionnaires and 15.8% gave full access to the interview guide. CONCLUSION Research into online self-harming and suicidal behavior is characterized by a lack of validated measurements and methodological transparency. The results emphasize a need for further development, testing, and validation of questionnaires and greater openness and reflexivity in qualitative methodology to enable cross-study comparison and advance knowledge of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Eiberg Holm
- Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kate Aamund
- Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Jørgensen
- Department of People and Technology, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Julie Midtgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN) at Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Mental Health Centre, Northern Zealand, Copenhagen University Hospital - Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health (CORE) at Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Xin M, Yang C, Zhang L, Gao C, Wang S. The impact of perceived life stress and online social support on university students' mental health during the post-COVID era in Northwestern China: gender-specific analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:467. [PMID: 38355474 PMCID: PMC10868037 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before the pandemic, research had already established the potential impact of perceived life stress and social support on the mental health status of Chinese students. However, in the Post-COVID Era, the specific mechanisms linking these variables and the distinct role of online social support remain relatively unexplored. METHODS After the cessation of China's dynamic zeroing policy, a total of 1180 university students from Northwestern China participated in this study by completing a demographic questionnaire, as well as self-report measures assessing mental health, perceived life stress, and online social support. RESULTS Approximately 25% of students exhibited psychological symptoms. When examining different categories of perceived life stress, males reported experiencing a significantly greater impact in terms of punishment and interpersonal relationships compared to females. Females experienced significantly higher levels of learning pressure compared to males. Specific types of perceived life stress were found to be significant predictors of students' mental health status. Moreover, online social support was identified as a significant moderator in the relationship between all types of perceived life stress and mental health, irrespective of gender. CONCLUSION Our study findings unveiled two significant aspects: Firstly, the impact of perceived life stress on the mental health of students was identified as a risk factor. Secondly, the role of online social support emerged as a protective factor, particularly in the post-pandemic context. Additionally, gender-specific patterns were observed in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moye Xin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, 710062, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Chengxi Yang
- College of Liberal Arts, Yulin University, No. 51, Chongwen Road, 719000, Yulin, China
| | - Lijin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, 710062, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenzhuo Gao
- Department of sociology, School of philosophy, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, 710062, Xi'an, China
| | - Sasa Wang
- Department of sociology, School of philosophy, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, 710062, Xi'an, China
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Lu J, Ye Y, Lou J, Zhu H, Zhou X. Associations between unintentional injuries and deliberate self-harm behaviors of children and adolescents: A school-based cross-sectional survey. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2024; 86:67-74. [PMID: 38118378 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
While statistics from hospitals showed that the proportion of self-harm or attempted suicide kept growing among children and adolescents aged 6-17 attending the emergency department, cases of self-harm or attempted suicide dissimulated as accidents received scant attention or were neglected. This study aimed to examine associations between unintentional injuries subtypes and deliberate self-harm behaviors from a school-based large-scale survey. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Anhui, China, between November 2022 to January 2023. A total of 28,013 students (aged 11-17, 5th-12th grade) from 35 primary schools, 27 middle schools, and 6 high schools were included for the present study. Unintentional injuries in the past year of children and adolescents reported by parents. Self-harm behaviors in the past year of children and adolescents was measured with one question reported by students. Children and adolescents whose parents reported their contacts with sharp instruments demonstrated the highest risk for self-harm behaviors, followed by poisoning, exposure to electric current, falls, vehicle and traffic injuries, accidental drowning and submersion, and eating foreign bodies. And these associations distributed differently among children and adolescents reporting different frequencies of self-harm behaviors. Thus, we urge attention from parents, child caregivers, and teachers on children and adolescents experiencing certain types of unintentional injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Lu
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Ying Ye
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Jiaxue Lou
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Hui Zhu
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Xudong Zhou
- The Institute of Social and Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 68 Jiefang Rd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, PR China.
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Hilty DM, Stubbe D, McKean AJ, Hoffman PE, Zalpuri I, Myint MT, Joshi SV, Pakyurek M, Li STT. A scoping review of social media in child, adolescents and young adults: research findings in depression, anxiety and other clinical challenges. BJPsych Open 2023; 9:e152. [PMID: 37563766 PMCID: PMC10594088 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media and other technologies are reshaping communication and health. AIMS This review addresses the relationship between social media use, behavioural health conditions and psychological well-being for youth aged <25 years. METHOD A scoping review of 11 literature databases from 2000 to 2020 explored research studies in youth in five areas: clinical depression and anxiety, quantitative use, social media mode, engagement and qualitative dimensions and health and well-being. RESULTS Out of 2820 potential literature references, 140 met the inclusion criteria. The foci were clinical depression and anxiety disorders (n = 78), clinical challenges (e.g. suicidal ideation, cyberbullying) (n = 34) and psychological well-being (n = 28). Most studies focused on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and YouTube. Few studies are longitudinal in design (n = 26), had comparison groups (n = 27), were randomised controlled trials (n = 3) or used structured assessments (n = 4). Few focused on different youth and sociodemographic populations, particularly for low-income, equity-seeking and deserving populations. Studies examined association (n = 120; 85.7%), mediating (n = 16; 11.4%) and causal (n = 4; 2.9%) relationships. Prospective, longitudinal studies of depression and anxiety appear to indicate that shorter use (≤3 h/day) and purposeful engagement is associated with better mood and psychological well-being. Depression may predict social media use and reduce perception of support. Findings provide families, teachers and providers ways to engage youth. CONCLUSIONS Research opportunities include clinical outcomes from functional perspective on a health continuum, diverse youth and sociodemographic populations, methodology, intervention and privacy issues. More longitudinal studies, comparison designs and effectiveness approaches are also needed. Health systems face clinical, training and professional development challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald M. Hilty
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA; and Mental Health, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, California, USA
| | - Dorothy Stubbe
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Pamela E. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Yale School of Medicine, Connecticut, USA
| | - Isheeta Zalpuri
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA
| | - Myo T. Myint
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Tulane University School of Medicine, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shashank V. Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Science, Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA
| | - Murat Pakyurek
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, California, USA
| | - Su-Ting T. Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, California, USA
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Farkas BF, Takacs ZK, Kollárovics N, Balázs J. The prevalence of self-injury in adolescence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023:10.1007/s00787-023-02264-y. [PMID: 37486387 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02264-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
In the past 10 years, there has been a growing interest in self-injurious behavior (SIB) among adolescents. The lifetime prevalence of SIB is between 16 and 22% in community sample with females more likely to engage in SIB. There are conflicting results about the global distribution of the prevalence of SIB and whether the SIB has increased in the 21st century. Our aim in the current study was to conduct a systematic search of and meta-analysis on the prevalence of SIB in adolescents over the past 5 years' worth of published papers and to examine gender, continental, and year differences. We conducted a systematic search in June 2020 of six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, OVID Medline, PsycINFO, EBSCO) with three main search terms: "self-injurious behavior," "prevalence," and "adolescence." Article inclusion criteria were (a) written in English; (b) published between January 1, 2015, and June 18, 2020; and (c) focused on a community sample. Titles and abstracts of the articles were screened first. Then, the relevant full texts were read, and those that met the inclusion criteria were collected. We used Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software was used to conduct the analyses. After the screening process 97, articles were included in the meta-analysis. The age of the samples ranged from 11.00 to 18.53 years. The overall average prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury in the studies was 16%. There was a significant gender difference: females reported a higher prevalence than males (19.4% and 12.9%, respectively). A significantly higher prevalence was found among Asian articles than those from other continents (19.5% and 14.7%, respectively). The prevalence of SIB did not change significantly between 2013 and 2018. The current research draws attention to the high prevalence of SIB among adolescents, especially among females and those living in Asia. It is important to address this behavior, both in terms of prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsofia K Takacs
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Education, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- School of Health in Social Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nóra Kollárovics
- Mental Health Sciences Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Balázs
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Child Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Oslo New University College, Oslo, Norway
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Ma Y, Li Y, Xie X, Zhang Y, Ammerman BA, Lewis SP, Chen R, Yu Y, Li F, Tang J. The role of depressive symptoms and social support in the association of internet addiction with non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: a cohort study in China. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:322. [PMID: 37161436 PMCID: PMC10169141 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04754-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both internet addiction (IA) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are major public health concerns among adolescents, however, the association between IA and NSSI was not well understood. We aimed to investigate the association between IA and NSSI within a cohort study, and explore the mediated effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of social support in the association. METHODS A total of 1530 adolescents aged 11-14 years who completed both the baseline (T1) and 14-month follow-up (T2) survey of the Chinese Adolescent Health Growth Cohort were included for the current analysis. IA, NSSI, depressive symptoms and social support were measured at T1; depressive symptoms and NSSI were measured again at T2. Structural equation models were employed to estimate the mediated effect of depressive symptoms and the moderating effect of social support in the association between IA and NSSI at T2. RESULTS IA was independently associated with an increased risk of NSSI at T2, with the total effect of 0.113 (95%CI 0.055-0.174). Depressive symptoms mediated the association between IA and NSSI at T2, and social support moderated the indirect but not the direct effect of IA on NSSI at T2. Sex differences were found on the mediated effect of depressive symptoms and the moderated mediation effect of social support. CONCLUSIONS Interventions that target adolescents' NSSI who also struggle with IA may need to focus on reducing depressive symptoms and elevating social support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Child Healthcare, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Brooke A Ammerman
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Stephen P Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Li
- Zhongshan Health Care Center for Primary and Secondary Schools, Zhongshan City, P.R. China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Room 507, Block 2, Jinxiu Road, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China.
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Xin M, Zhang L, Yang C, Yang X, Xiang M. Risky or protective? Online social support's impact on NSSI amongst Chinese youth experiencing stressful life events. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:782. [PMID: 36510160 PMCID: PMC9743110 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to investigate potential gender differences in the interrelations between different types of stressful life events and non-suicidal self injury (NSSI) among Chinese youth, as well as to test the direct and moderating impacts of online social support on Chinese students' NSSI engagement under the pressure of different types of stressful life events. METHODS Based on the data of 2200 students from middle - highschools and universities in Northwestern China, gender difference (male/female binary) in stressful life events, online social support, NSSI and their correlations were analyzed in the study. RESULTS Among different types of stressful life events, male students were reported to experience a significantly higher impact of punishment and interpersonal relationship than females. Female students only experienced significantly higher learning pressure than males; Gender difference was not indentified in NSSI among youth; Stressful life events related to punishment could significantly predict NSSI engagement among males. Stressful life events related to learning pressures, interpersonal relationships, and adaption were significantly correlated to NSSI engagement among females; Online social support didn't had a significant direct effect on youth's NSSI, although it did significantly moderate the relationship between specific types of stressful life events (i.e., loss, interpersonal relationships, adaption among males and all types among females) and their NSSI. CONCLUSION The present study has provided evidence of specified types of stressful life events being risk factors in affecting youth's NSSI: For male students, the higher impacts of stressful life events related to punishment they experienced, the more likely they were about to engage in NSSI. For female students, stressful life events related to learning pressure, interpersonal relationships and adaption were all proved as significant predictors and risky factors of female youth's NSSI; Online social support did not impact on individual's NSSI engagement directly, but moderated it significantly as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moye Xin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China. .,Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China. .,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lijin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengxi Yang
- College of Liberal Arts, Yulin University, No. 51, Chongwen Road, Yulin, 719000, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- The Institute for Population and Develoment Studies, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, No. 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Meiqiu Xiang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Normal University, No. 199, South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, Shaanxi, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Xin M, Petrovic J, Zhang L, Yang X. Relationships between negative life events and suicidal ideation among youth in China: The direct and moderating effects of offline and online social support from gender perspective. Front Psychol 2022; 13:998535. [PMID: 36275303 PMCID: PMC9583011 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.998535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Suicidal ideation was proved to be a critical precondition leading to the occurrence of subsequent suicidal behavior. Studies have confirmed that negative life events and forms of social support that youth are experiencing in the current socio-cultural context might have unique impacts on their suicidal ideation. However, the specific mechanism is relatively underexplored. Objective We sought to investigate the impacts of offline and online social supports on Chinese students’ suicidal ideation under the pressure of various negative life events, as well as potential gender differences in these relationships. Methods Participants were 2,018 middle – high school and university students from Northwestern China, who completed a demographics questionnaire and self-report measures of negative life events, social support, and suicidal ideation. Results Offline social support had a significant direct effect on suicidal ideation across genders. Among male youth, offline social support only had a moderating effect on the relationship between punitive negative life events and suicidal ideation. Among female youth, offline social support had a significant moderating effect on suicidal ideation under the pressure of all types of negative life events; Online social support only had a significant direct effect on female youth’s suicidal ideation, although it did significantly moderate the relationship between all types of negative life events and suicidal ideation, across genders. Conclusion Our findings revealed direct and moderating effects of offline and online social support on suicidal ideation among youth under the pressure of different types of negative life events, as well as gender-specific patterns in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moye Xin
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Behavioral and Cognitive Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center of Child Mental and Behavioral Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Moye Xin,
| | - Julia Petrovic
- Human Development, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lijin Zhang
- School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xueyan Yang
- Institude for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Steele MA, Power J, Smith HP. A Functional Approach to the Assessment of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury on YouTube. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:808-817. [PMID: 35594485 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2022.2072547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This research explores representations of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) on social media. The current study aims to examine the applicability of a functional model of NSSI to videos posted on YouTube by analyzing the 100 most viewed YouTube videos relating to NSSI at a point in time in 2018. Motivations for continued engagement in NSSI were examined for each content creator who posted one of the top 100 most viewed videos relating to NSSI. Categorizations of a content creator's motivation were based on Nock and Prinstein (2004) four-function model (FFM) of NSSI, in which the motivations, or functions, of NSSI are categorized by two dichotomous factors: (a) positive (i.e., involves the addition of a favorable stimulus) or negative (i.e., involves the removal of an aversive stimulus) and (b) automatic (i.e., intrapersonal) or social (i.e., interpersonal). Uploaders most endorsed automatic negative reinforcement (50%), followed by automatic positive (26%), social positive (3%), and social negative (3%). Considering the growing number of children and adolescents with near constant access to internet and social media, there may be implications for further development of safety measures for social media platforms. The results of this study may be valuable for parents, health care professionals, and educators, who should be aware of available social media content relating to NSSI and consider implementing additional media-literacy and media-safety education in school curriculums and programming for children and adolescents. Furthermore, health care professional should be aware that misconceptions of NSSI may have an impact on patients' willingness to seek treatment, or the attitude with which treatment is sought.
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Kim S, Seo DG, Park JC, Son Y, Lee JH, Yoon D, Kim JW, Yoo JH, Lee JS. Development and validation of the Self-Harm Screening Inventory (SHSI) for adolescents. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262723. [PMID: 35143512 PMCID: PMC8830763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapidly increasing rate of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among
adolescents, there is a dearth of culturally appropriate psychological measures
screening for NSSI among the adolescents in the Asian countries. This study
aimed to develop and validate the Self-Harm Screening Inventory (SHSI), a
culturally sensitive and suitable scale for screening adolescents for NSSI. In
total, 514 Korean adolescents (aged 12–16 years) were recruited nationwide. All
participants gave informed consent and completed the online self-report measures
on NSSI, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. Thereafter, preliminary items
were developed through a series of steps: literature review, ratings of experts
on self-harm and suicide, and statistical analyses. Ten of the 20 preliminary
items were eliminated after exploratory factor analysis due to low endorsement
and factor loading (less than .70). The final version of the SHSI comprised 10
binary items relating to self-harm behaviors within the past year (e.g., cut my
body with sharp objects, hit my body). A confirmatory factor analysis supported
a one-factor structure, as hypothesized. The one-factor model had a good model
fit (x2(35) = 84.958, p < .001,
RMSEA = .053, CFI = .981, TLI = .975, SRMR = .124). The SHSI also had good
internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .795) and 4-week test-retest
reliability (r = .786, p < .01). The SHSI
had high correlations with another self-harm related scale, the Self-Harm
Inventory (r = .773, p < .01), and moderate
correlations with the Child Depression Inventory (r = .484,
p < .01) and Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale
(r = .433, p < .01). Additionally, the
SHSI was negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale
(r = -.399, p < .01). The findings
indicate that the SHSI is a reliable and valid measure for the screening of
self-harm behaviors among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojung Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - Dong Gi Seo
- Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South
Korea
| | - Jae-Chul Park
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon,
Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Son
- Department of Psychiatry, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South
Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, South
Korea
| | - Dasol Yoon
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon,
Kangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry
& Behavioral Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
National University Hospital, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital,
Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea Seoul St.
Mary’s Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon,
Kangwon-do, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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13
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Lyyra N, Junttila N, Gustafsson J, Lahti H, Paakkari L. Adolescents' online communication and well-being: Findings from the 2018 health behavior in school-aged children (HBSC) study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:976404. [PMID: 36276330 PMCID: PMC9583151 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.976404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital transformation has influenced all areas of adolescents' lives, including the ways adolescents maintain friendships. Interpersonal communication is one of the most common activities while online. Online communication may provide adolescents with opportunities to expand their social contacts, but these encounters can be risky, especially when the communication is with unknown people on the internet. This study examined the associations between different forms of online communication behavior and well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from Finnish adolescents as part of the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study in 2018. The participants were 3,140 Finnish adolescents aged 11-15 years. Descriptive analyses were used to examine the frequency of different forms of online communication behaviors. The associations between online communications and individual factors were analyzed using the X2 test and 95% confidence intervals. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the extent to which adolescents' online communication behavior explained the variance in adolescents' well-being indicators. RESULTS Overall, 60% of the adolescents reported communicating intensively with close friends, with higher rates of intensive communication reported by girls, higher age groups, and the high health literacy group. 22% of adolescents reported intensive communication with friends they got to know through the internet (online friends), while intensive online communication with unknown people was reported by 13% of adolescents. Overall, around one-fourth of adolescents preferred sharing personal matters online rather than in face-to-face encounters, and 10% of adolescents reported using the internet daily to get to know new people, and to look for like-minded company. The SEM analysis showed that keeping online contact with offline friends was linked to a positive outcome in all the measured well-being indicators; however, intensive communication with people contacted only online (online friends and unknown people) was negatively associated with well-being indicators (lower self-rated health, lower life satisfaction, higher loneliness, and problematic social media use). CONCLUSION Both positive and negative associations were observed between online communication and well-being, depending on the target and content of the communication. The results indicate that online communication has benefits for adolescents who have more offline social life. Overall, one should ensure that the impact of interventions is proportionately greater for adolescents at the bottom end of the health gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Lyyra
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Niina Junttila
- Department of Teacher Education, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Teacher Education, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jasmine Gustafsson
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henri Lahti
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Leena Paakkari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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14
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Nesi J, Burke TA, Bettis AH, Kudinova AY, Thompson EC, MacPherson HA, Fox KA, Lawrence HR, Thomas SA, Wolff JC, Altemus MK, Soriano S, Liu RT. Social media use and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2021; 87:102038. [PMID: 34034038 PMCID: PMC8243901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite considerable public and scholarly debate about the role of social media in self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), no comprehensive, quantitative synthesis of this literature has previously been undertaken. The current systematic review and meta-analysis examines associations between social media use and SITBs, including suicidal ideation, suicide plans, suicide attempts, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). A range of social media behaviors and experiences were identified, including cybervictimization and perpetration, exposure to and generation of SITB-related content, problematic use, sexting, social media importance, and frequency of use. A systematic search of PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL, and the references of prior reviews yielded 61 eligible studies. Results largely suggested medium effect sizes for associations between specific social media constructs (cybervictimization, SITB-related social media use, problematic social media use) and SITBs. There was no association between frequency of social media use and SITBs; however, studies on this topic were limited. The majority of studies identified focused on cybervictimization, and results suggested positive associations with all SITBs, with the association between cybervictimization and suicidal ideation stronger for adolescents than adults. Overall, findings highlight the utility of examining specific social media behaviors and experiences, and point to the need for more research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Nesi
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States.
| | - Taylor A Burke
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | | | - Anastacia Y Kudinova
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, United States
| | - Elizabeth C Thompson
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | - Heather A MacPherson
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, United States
| | - Kara A Fox
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Hannah R Lawrence
- McLean Hospital, United States; Havard Medical School, United States
| | - Sarah A Thomas
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Emma Pendleton Bradley Hospital, United States
| | - Jennifer C Wolff
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States; Rhode Island Hospital, United States
| | | | - Sheiry Soriano
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, United States
| | - Richard T Liu
- Havard Medical School, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, United States
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15
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Moller CI, Cotton SM, Badcock PB, Hetrick SE, Berk M, Dean OM, Chanen AM, Davey CG. Relationships Between Different Dimensions of Social Support and Suicidal Ideation in Young People with Major Depressive Disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 281:714-720. [PMID: 33234284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation (SI) is a common feature of depression and is closely associated with suicidal behaviour. Social support is implicated as an important determinant of suicide, but it is unclear how different social support dimensions influence SI in young people with depression. This study examines relationships between social support dimensions and SI in young people with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS 283 Australians aged 15-25, diagnosed with MDD, were recruited from two clinical trials conducted in youth-specific outpatient mental health services. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) was used to evaluate perceived support from Family, Friends, and a Significant Other. Suicidal ideation was assessed using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ). Hierarchical regression was used to explore associations between social support and SI, controlling for demographics and depression severity. RESULTS A hierarchical regression model predicted 9% of the variability in SI, with depression severity being the most significant predictor. Family Support was inversely related to SI and uniquely contributed 2% of the variance; β = -0.15 (95% CI -0.27 - -0.02) p < .05. Demographics and support from Friends or a Significant Other were not significantly associated with SI. LIMITATIONS Findings are correlational; it cannot be determined that increasing family support would decrease SI severity. CONCLUSION Perceived Family Support was negatively associated with SI in young people with MDD. This suggests that family members might play important roles in suicide prevention efforts. More work is needed exploring ways to empower families to develop adaptive family functioning and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl I Moller
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul B Badcock
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah E Hetrick
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Olivia M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Chanen
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher G Davey
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Macrynikola N, Auad E, Menjivar J, Miranda R. Does social media use confer suicide risk? A systematic review of the evidence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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17
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Corcoran VP, Andover MS. Online disinhibition and internet communication of non-suicidal self-injury. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:1091-1096. [PMID: 32706441 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is of concern given the increased risk for suicide attempt. Prevalence rates of NSSI are highest among adolescents and young adults. These groups also exhibit the highest rates of Internet use. Previous research suggests that online communication of NSSI can serve as both a risk and protective factor related to NSSI engagement. This study explored online disinhibition in the context of NSSI e-communities as a potential factor that could contribute to opposing NSSI outcomes. METHOD The study sample consisted of 200 individuals 18 years or older (M = 21.76, SD = 5.24) recruited from social networking sites (i.e., Reddit, LiveJournal). These participants provided self-report of their NSSI histories and degree of online disinhibition. RESULTS Those who engaged in Internet communication of NSSI at the highest level endorsed more online disinhibition than those less involved with NSSI content. Furthermore, within this group of high communicators, increased toxic disinhibition predicted lower lifetime frequency of NSSI. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that online behavior, including toxic disinhibition, may contribute to NSSI outcomes. Online disinhibition and its relationship to NSSI should be an area of continued research. Cyberbullying may be an additional construct of interest in future studies of NSSI e-communication.
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18
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Mittmann G, Schrank B. Determinants of health and well-being in adolescents : Review of sex differences with a focus on boys. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020; 133:1057-1063. [PMID: 32876740 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-020-01726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of variables determine health and well-being in adolescence. How these variables may differ in relation to gender or sex is often not clear. In addition, research on sex differences often focuses on females rather than males. This review gives an overview on the literature with respect to possible gender/sex-specific determinants and correlates of health and well-being in adolescent boys. The search strategy used the approach of a narrative review, which led to 17 papers being included. The data synthesis employed a qualitative and descriptive analysis approach. We found sex differences in three categories: clinical symptoms, health and well-being, and risk behavior. The results show a variety of determinants that lead to sex differences in health outcomes, such as peer relations, social economic status, physical activity and coping styles. Strengths and limitations of the literature and implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Mittmann
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Beate Schrank
- D.O.T. Research Group for Mental Health of Children and Adolescents, Ludwig Boltzmann Society at Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Dr. Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, 3500, Krems an der Donau, Austria.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tulln, Tulln, Austria.,Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
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19
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Kim H, Ryu JM, Kim HW. Characteristics and Trends of Suicide Attempt or Non-suicidal Self-injury in Children and Adolescents Visiting Emergency Department. J Korean Med Sci 2020; 35:e276. [PMID: 32830466 PMCID: PMC7445307 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidality are common reasons for child and adolescent psychiatric emergencies. We aimed to investigate the incidence of pediatric emergency department (PED) utilization for psychiatric problems in children and adolescents and to identify demographic and clinical characteristics of youths who visited the PED for suicide attempt (SA) and/or NSSI. METHODS The medical records of children and adolescents who visited the PED for psychiatric problems from January 2015 to November 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Demographic and clinical variables including psychiatric disorders were collected. We compared the characteristics of youths who presented to the PED for SA and/or NSSI with those of youths without SA or NSSI. Student's t-test, χ² test, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS During 59 months of observation, 194 youths visited the PED and the number of total PED visits was 336. Among them, 46 youths (23.7%) visited the PED for SA and/or NSSI at least once, and the number of visits was 91 (27.1% of PED visits). Youths with SA and/or NSSI were older (P = 0.001) and more likely to be a girl (P = 0.005) and to report parental absence (P = 0.023). Bipolar and related disorders (P = 0.032) and depressive disorders (P = 0.004) were more common in youths with SA and/or NSSI, while schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders (P = 0.030) and somatic symptom and related disorders (P = 0.007) were more common in those without SA and NSSI. After adjusting for age, sex, and parental marital status, bipolar and related disorders (odds ratio [OR], 6.72), depressive disorders (OR, 9.59), and somatic symptom and related disorders (OR, 0.12) were significantly associated with SA and/or NSSI. Youths with SA and/or NSSI also stayed longer in the PED (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION SA and NSSI are one of the main reasons for child and adolescent admittance to psychiatric services in the PED and are associated with psychiatric comorbidities. An appropriate risk assessment for suicidality and self-injury and proper management and referral to mental health services at the PED are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Schønning V, Hjetland GJ, Aarø LE, Skogen JC. Social Media Use and Mental Health and Well-Being Among Adolescents - A Scoping Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1949. [PMID: 32922333 PMCID: PMC7457037 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Social media has become an integrated part of daily life, with an estimated 3 billion social media users worldwide. Adolescents and young adults are the most active users of social media. Research on social media has grown rapidly, with the potential association of social media use and mental health and well-being becoming a polarized and much-studied subject. The current body of knowledge on this theme is complex and difficult-to-follow. The current paper presents a scoping review of the published literature in the research field of social media use and its association with mental health and well-being among adolescents. Methods and Analysis: First, relevant databases were searched for eligible studies with a vast range of relevant search terms for social media use and mental health and well-being over the past five years. Identified studies were screened thoroughly and included or excluded based on prior established criteria. Data from the included studies were extracted and summarized according to the previously published study protocol. Results: Among the 79 studies that met our inclusion criteria, the vast majority (94%) were quantitative, with a cross-sectional design (57%) being the most common study design. Several studies focused on different aspects of mental health, with depression (29%) being the most studied aspect. Almost half of the included studies focused on use of non-specified social network sites (43%). Of specified social media, Facebook (39%) was the most studied social network site. The most used approach to measuring social media use was frequency and duration (56%). Participants of both genders were included in most studies (92%) but seldom examined as an explanatory variable. 77% of the included studies had social media use as the independent variable. Conclusion: The findings from the current scoping review revealed that about 3/4 of the included studies focused on social media and some aspect of pathology. Focus on the potential association between social media use and positive outcomes seems to be rarer in the current literature. Amongst the included studies, few separated between different forms of (inter)actions on social media, which are likely to be differentially associated with mental health and well-being outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Schønning
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Leif Edvard Aarø
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jens Christoffer Skogen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
- Alcohol and Drug Research Western Norway, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
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21
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Tang J, Ma Y, Lewis SP, Chen R, Clifford A, Ammerman BA, Gazimbi MM, Byrne A, Wu Y, Lu X, Chang H, Kang C, Tiemeier H, Yu Y. Association of Internet Addiction With Nonsuicidal Self-injury Among Adolescents in China. JAMA Netw Open 2020; 3:e206863. [PMID: 32496567 PMCID: PMC7273191 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Both nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), defined as the direct, deliberate damage of one's body tissue without suicidal intent, and internet addiction among adolescents are public health concerns. However, the possible association of NSSI with internet addiction is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To examine the occurrence of internet addiction with NSSI and any sex differences among Chinese adolescents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, cross-sectional, survey study was conducted from February 18 to October 15, 2015, among adolescents aged 11 to 20 years from 343 classes in 45 public high schools across 5 provinces of China. Data analysis was performed from August 1, 2018, to March 1, 2019. EXPOSURES Possible internet addiction and internet addiction. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Less-frequent (1-4 times) NSSI and more-frequent (≥5 times) NSSI were surveyed using the Chinese version of the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation. RESULTS A total of 15 623 students (8043 male [51.5%] and 7580 female [48.5%]) aged 11 to 20 years (mean [SD] age, 15.1 [1.8] years) participated. Of these, 4670 participants (29.9%) met the criteria for possible internet addiction and 509 participants (3.3%) met the criteria for internet addiction. A total of 2667 students (17.1%) engaged in less-frequent NSSI, while 1798 students (11.5%) engaged in more-frequent NSSI in the 12 months preceding the survey. Both possible internet addiction and internet addiction were associated with less-frequent or more-frequent NSSI. The adjusted odds ratios were 1.29 (95% CI, 1.17-1.42) for possible internet addiction and 1.41 (95% CI, 1.11-1.80) for internet addiction for less-frequent NSSI; for more-frequent NSSI, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.75 (95% CI, 1.56-1.96) for possible internet addiction and 2.66 (95% CI, 2.10-3.38) for internet addiction. These associations were similarly observed among age groups of 11 to 14, 15 to 17, and 18 to 20 years. No sex disparities were found in the associations of internet addiction with NSSI, except among adolescents aged 11 to 14 years, where the odds ratios for possible internet addiction with less-frequent NSSI were higher in male adolescents (1.53; 95% CI, 1.25-1.88) than female adolescents (1.13; 95% CI, 0.90-1.47). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Internet addiction appears to be associated with NSSI, and the findings of this study suggest that the association was similar between male adolescents and female adolescents. These data suggest that evaluation of the risk of NSSI for adolescents in association with internet addiction may help health care professionals in developing preventive interventions for NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Panyu District, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Child Healthcare, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Stephen P. Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Clifford
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marufu Martin Gazimbi
- Global Development Institute, ALB, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian Byrne
- School of Medicine, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Wu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, P. R. China
| | - Xinchuan Lu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hongjuan Chang
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hankou District, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Chun Kang
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hankou District, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yizhen Yu
- Department of Maternal and Child Healthcare, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hankou District, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Abstract
There have been increases in adolescent depression and suicidal behaviour over the last two decades that coincide with the advent of social media (SM) (platforms that allow communication via digital media), which is widely used among adolescents. This scoping review examined the bi-directional association between the use of SM, specifically social networking sites (SNS), and depression and suicidality among adolescents. The studies reviewed yielded four main themes in SM use through thematic analysis: quantity of SM use, quality of SM use, social aspects associated with SM use, and disclosure of mental health symptoms. Research in this field would benefit from use of longitudinal designs, objective and timely measures of SM use, research on the mechanisms of the association between SM use and depression and suicidality, and research in clinical populations to inform clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tenzin Lhaksampa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rheanna Platt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Franz PJ, Nook EC, Mair P, Nock MK. Using Topic Modeling to Detect and Describe Self-Injurious and Related Content on a Large-Scale Digital Platform. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:5-18. [PMID: 31264733 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are a complex and enduring public health concern. Increasingly, teenagers use digital platforms to communicate about a range of mental health topics. These discussions may provide valuable information that can lead to insights about complex issues like SITBs. However, the field of clinical psychology currently lacks an easy-to-implement toolkit that can quickly gather information about SITBs from online sources. In the present study, we applied topic modeling, a natural language processing technique, to identify SITBs and related themes online, and we validated this approach using human coders. METHOD We separately used topic modeling software and human coders to identify themes present in text from a popular online Internet support forum for teenagers. We then determined the degree to which results from the software's topic model aligned with themes identified by human coders. RESULTS We found that topic modeling detected SITBs and related themes in online discussions in a way that accurately distinguishes between relevant and irrelevant human-coded themes. CONCLUSIONS This approach has the potential to drastically increase our understanding of SITBs and related issues discussed on digital platforms, as well as our ability to identify those at risk for such outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Franz
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik C Nook
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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24
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Dodemaide P, Joubert L, Merolli M, Hill N. Exploring the Therapeutic and Nontherapeutic Affordances of Social Media Use by Young Adults with Lived Experience of Self-Harm or Suicidal Ideation: A Scoping Review. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2019; 22:622-633. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2018.0678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dodemaide
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lynette Joubert
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark Merolli
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicole Hill
- Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Research on Relationships between Sexual Identity, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Rural High School Students in Less Developed Areas of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173158. [PMID: 31470648 PMCID: PMC6747706 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to examine the influence of sexual identity and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among rural high school students in less developed areas of China. Methods: Behavior risk factors data collected from 1810 students from a high school in Jiangxi province, China. Five measures of childhood abuse and household dysfunction were summarized, and ACE was divided into 0, 1, 2, 3–5 ACEs. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influence of sexual identity, adverse childhood experiences, and their interaction with non-suicidal self-injury. Results: Compared with heterosexual students, high school students who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) have a higher tendency of non-suicidal self-injury (AOR = 3.250, 95% CI = 1.69–6.28, p < 0.01). There was also a graded relationship between cumulative ACEs exposure and non-suicidal self-injury behaviors (AOR = 1.627, 95% CI = 1.02–2.60, p < 0.05). Odds for NSSI are higher among students with both experienced ACEs and identified as LGB (AOR = 2.821, 95% CI = 1.51–5.29, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Non-suicidal self-injury is associated with ACEs exposure and with those who identify as LGB, and the NSSI odds are greater when students identify as LGB and have experienced ACEs. More interventions to reduce non-suicidal self-injury should focus on LGB and ACEs and more attention needs to be paid to those who identify as LGB and have been exposed to ACEs.
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26
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McClatchey K, Murray J, Chouliara Z, Rowat A. Protective Factors of Suicide and Suicidal Behavior Relevant to Emergency Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Post-2007 Reviews. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:411-427. [PMID: 30024351 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1480983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health concern and, with recent societal changes, such as economic and technological changes, there may be emerging protective factors that mitigate suicide risk that are unrecognized in emergency healthcare. This systematic review aims to identify protective factors for suicide that can feasibly be assessed in time-limited emergency healthcare settings. A systematic review of reviews was conducted via PsycINFO, CINAHL and Medline (2007-2015). Reviews were assessed for methodological quality using AMSTAR. A total of 24 reviews met the inclusion criteria and 8 were assessed as high quality and included in a narrative synthesis. Known protective factors were identified (e.g., social support), along with emerging protective factors (e.g., internet support). The review synthesizes recent research evidence on protective factors and discusses their relevance to emergency healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie McClatchey
- a Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jennifer Murray
- a Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Zoë Chouliara
- a Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Anne Rowat
- a Edinburgh Napier University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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27
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Miranda-Mendizabal A, Castellví P, Parés-Badell O, Alayo I, Almenara J, Alonso I, Blasco MJ, Cebrià A, Gabilondo A, Gili M, Lagares C, Piqueras JA, Rodríguez-Jiménez T, Rodríguez-Marín J, Roca M, Soto-Sanz V, Vilagut G, Alonso J. Gender differences in suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Int J Public Health 2019; 64:265-283. [PMID: 30635683 PMCID: PMC6439147 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-018-1196-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between gender and suicide attempt/death and identify gender-specific risk/protective factors in adolescents/young adults. METHODS Systematic review (5 databases until January 2017). Population-based longitudinal studies considering non-clinical populations, aged 12-26 years, assessing associations between gender and suicide attempts/death, or evaluating their gender risk/protective factors, were included. Random effect meta-analyses were performed. RESULTS Sixty-seven studies were included. Females presented higher risk of suicide attempt (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.54-2.50), and males for suicide death (HR 2.50, 95% CI 1.8-3.6). Common risk factors of suicidal behaviors for both genders are previous mental or substance abuse disorder and exposure to interpersonal violence. Female-specific risk factors for suicide attempts are eating disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, bipolar disorder, being victim of dating violence, depressive symptoms, interpersonal problems and previous abortion. Male-specific risk factors for suicide attempt are disruptive behavior/conduct problems, hopelessness, parental separation/divorce, friend's suicidal behavior, and access to means. Male-specific risk factors for suicide death are drug abuse, externalizing disorders, and access to means. For females, no risk factors for suicide death were studied. CONCLUSIONS More evidence about female-specific risk/protective factors of suicide death, for adolescent/young adults, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Miranda-Mendizabal
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Castellví
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Jaen University, Jaén, Spain
| | - Oleguer Parés-Badell
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itxaso Alayo
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Almenara
- Preventive Medicine Area and Public Health, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Maria Jesús Blasco
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Annabel Cebrià
- Department of Mental Health, Corporació Sanitaria Parc Taulí, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Andrea Gabilondo
- Outpatient Mental Health Care Network, Osakidetza-Basque Health Service, San Sebastian, Spain
- Mental Health and Psychiatric Care Research Unit, BioDonosti Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Margalida Gili
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Carolina Lagares
- Department of Statistics and Operative Research, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Miquel Roca
- Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS-IDISPA), University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Network of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Soto-Sanz
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Alonso
- Health Services Research Group, IMIM-Institut Hospital del Mar d´Investigacions Mèdiques, PRBB Building. Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Health and Experimental Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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Memon AM, Sharma SG, Mohite SS, Jain S. The role of online social networking on deliberate self-harm and suicidality in adolescents: A systematized review of literature. Indian J Psychiatry 2018; 60:384-392. [PMID: 30581202 PMCID: PMC6278213 DOI: 10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_414_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media use by minors has significantly increased and has been linked to depression and suicidality. Simultaneously, age-adjusted suicide rates have steadily increased over the past decade in the United States with suicide being the second most common cause of death in youth. Hence, the increase in suicide rate parallels the simultaneous increase in social media use. In addition, the rate of nonsuicidal self-injury ranges between 14% and 21% among young people. Evidence suggests that self-harming youth is more active on online social networks than youth who do not engage in self-harm behavior. The role of online social networking on deliberates self-harm and suicidality in adolescents with a focus on negative influence was assessed by conducting a systematized literature review. A literature search on "PubMed" and "Ovid Medline" using a combination of MeSH terms yielded nine articles for data extraction satisfying predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. It was found that social networking websites are utilized by suicidal and self-harming youth as a medium to communicate with and to seek social support from other users. Online social networking also leads to increased exposure to and engagement in self-harm behavior due to users receiving negative messages promoting self-harm, emulating self-injurious behavior of others, and adopting self-harm practices from shared videos. Greater time spent on social networking websites led to higher psychological distress, an unmet need for mental health support, poor self-rated mental health, and increased suicidal ideation. In conclusion, greater time spent on online social networking promotes self-harm behavior and suicidal ideation in vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aksha M Memon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Shiva G Sharma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Satyajit S Mohite
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth McGovern School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shailesh Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas, USA
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29
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Ren Y, Lin MP, Liu YH, Zhang X, Wu JYW, Hu WH, Xu S, You J. The mediating role of coping strategy in the association between family functioning and nonsuicidal self-injury among Taiwanese adolescents. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1246-1257. [PMID: 29355974 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nock's (2009) integrated theoretical model suggests that both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors contribute to the development of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Based on this model, the present study examined the roles of family functioning and coping strategy in predicting NSSI, as well as the mediating effect of coping strategy in the relationship between family functioning and NSSI. Gender differences on the associations of these variables were also examined. METHOD A sample of 1,989 secondary school students (52.0% females) in Taiwan was assessed by self-report measures of perceived family functioning, coping strategy, and NSSI. RESULTS Results showed that both family functioning and avoidance/emotion-focused coping strategy predicted NSSI. Additionally, the association between family functioning and NSSI was mediated by avoidance/emotion-focused coping strategy. Gender differences were not found on the associations among these study variables. CONCLUSIONS These data provided evidences that the Nock's (2009) integrated theoretical model may help to explain how coping strategy mediates the effect of family functioning on NSSI. The implications of the findings for future research and intervention were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Ren
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Pei Lin
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Han Liu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Xu Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jo Yung-Wei Wu
- Department of Counseling and Guidance, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Hu
- Department of Counseling and Guidance, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sian Xu
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Research Center for Crisis Intervention and Psychological Service of Guangdong Province, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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30
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Baiden P, Stewart SL, Fallon B. The role of adverse childhood experiences as determinants of non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents referred to community and inpatient mental health settings. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 69:163-176. [PMID: 28477476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of, and determine the effect of adverse childhood experiences on non-suicidal self-injury among children and adolescents referred to community and inpatient mental health settings. Data for this study were obtained from the interRAI Child and Youth Mental Health dataset. A total of 2038 children and adolescents aged 8-18 years (M=12.49; SD=2.88, 61.1% males) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify predictors of non-suicidal self-injury as a function of adverse childhood experiences, depression, and social support while simultaneously controlling for age, gender, type of patient, legal guardianship, marital status of parents/caregivers, history of foster family placement, and mental health diagnoses. Of the 2038 children and adolescents examined, 592 (29%) of this clinical sample engaged in non-suicidal self-injury. In the multivariate logistic regression model, children and adolescents who were physically abused had 49% higher odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury and children and adolescents who were sexually abused had 60% higher odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury, when compared to their non-abused counterparts. Other predictors of non-suicidal self-injury include: older age, female gender, inpatient status, depression, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, disruptive behavior disorder, and mood disorders. Children and adolescents who had some form of social support had a 26% decrease in the odds of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury. Assessment procedures for indicators of mental health, particularly among children and adolescents with a history of adverse childhood experiences, should also take into account non-suicidal self-injury. In addition to bolstering social support networks, addressing depression and related emotion regulation skills in childhood may help prevent future non-suicidal self-injury behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Baiden
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Shannon L Stewart
- Faculty of Education, Western University, 1137 Western Road, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada
| | - Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada
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Niederkrotenthaler T, Gould M, Sonneck G, Stack S, Till B. Predictors of psychological improvement on non-professional suicide message boards: content analysis. Psychol Med 2016; 46:3429-3442. [PMID: 27654957 DOI: 10.1017/s003329171600221x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide message boards have been at the core of debates about negative influences of the Internet on suicidality. Nothing is currently known about communication styles that may help users to psychologically improve in these settings. METHOD In all, 1182 archival threads with 20 499 individual postings from seven non-professional suicide message boards supporting an 'against-suicide', 'neutral' or 'pro-suicide' attitude were randomly selected and subject to content analysis. Initial needs of primary posters (i.e. individual who open a thread), their psychological improvement by the end of the thread, their responses received and indicators of suicidality were coded. Differences between 'pro-suicide', 'neutral' and 'against suicide' boards, and correlations between primary posters and respondents in terms of suicidality were assessed. Logistic regression was used to test associations with psychological improvement. RESULTS 'Pro-suicide' boards (n = 4) differed from 'neutral' (n = 1) and 'against-suicide' (n = 2) boards in terms of communicated contents. Indicators of suicidality correlated moderately to strongly between primary posters and respondents on 'pro-suicide' message boards, but less on other boards. Several communicative strategies were associated with psychological improvement in primary posters, including the provision of constructive advice [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40-7.03], active listening (aOR 1.60, 95% CI 1.12-2.27), sympathy towards the poster (aOR 2.22, 95% CI 1.68-2.95) and provision of alternatives to suicide (aOR 2.30, 95% CI 1.67-3.18). CONCLUSIONS Respondents resemble primary posters with regard to suicidality in 'pro-suicide' boards, which may hinder psychological improvement. Still, opportunities to intervene in these settings using simple communication techniques exist and need to be taken and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Niederkrotenthaler
- Medical University of Vienna,Center for Public Health,Institute of Social Medicine,Suicide Research Unit,Kinderspitalgasse 15,A-1090 Vienna,Austria
| | - M Gould
- Columbia University/NYS Psychiatric Institute 1051 Riverside Drive,Unit 72, New York,NY 10032,USA
| | - G Sonneck
- Crisis Intervention Center Vienna,Lazarettgasse 14a, A-1090 Vienna,Austria
| | - S Stack
- Department of Criminal Justice,Wayne State University;3293 Faculty/Administration Building,656 W. Kirby,Detroit, MI 48202,USA
| | - B Till
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Public Health, Institute of Social Medicine,Suicide Research Unit,Kinderspitalgasse 15,A-1090 Vienna,Austria
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Lewis SP, Seko Y. A Double-Edged Sword: A Review of Benefits and Risks of Online Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Activities. J Clin Psychol 2015; 72:249-62. [PMID: 26613372 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the perceived benefits and risks of online activity pertinent to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHOD A systematic literature search was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles, which yielded a total of 27 articles published between 2005 and 2015. Following this, a thematic analysis was employed to identify perceived benefits and risks of online NSSI activity. RESULTS Our thematic analysis identified 4 potential benefits (mitigation of social isolation, recovery encouragement, emotional self-disclosure, curbing NSSI urges) and 3 potential risks (NSSI reinforcement, triggering NSSI urges, stigmatization of NSSI) associated with online NSSI activities. CONCLUSION Given the double-edged effect of online NSSI activities, clinicians may benefit from incorporating clients' online NSSI activity in the context of NSSI assessment and treatment. Future research ought to directly examine the link between online NSSI activity and NSSI behavior to better understand the nature of these benefits and risks.
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