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Zalaquett NG, Hamadeh N, Patterson RH, Kim EK, Korban Z, Shrime MG. A Comparative Analysis of Otolaryngology Journal Characteristics and Metrics Across World Bank Income Groups. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:4001-4005. [PMID: 39376287 PMCID: PMC11455830 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-024-04762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Study Background and Aims There are marked barriers to research and publishing for low- and middle- income country (LMIC) ENT researchers. This could be reflected in LMIC journal characteristics and research, which has never been investigated. We aim to characterize differences in the number, geographic distribution, publishing costs, reach, number of articles, citations, and impact factors of high-income country (HIC) journals compared to LMIC journals. Methods We included journals listed under the category "Otorhinolaryngology' in three major journal databases. From journal websites, we collected data related to financial model, waiver policy, access, and distribution. Additionally, from the Clarivate Journal Citation Reports 2022, we collected the following journal metrics: total articles, total citations, journal citation indicator, journal impact factor (JIF), 5-year JIF, and JIF without self cites. Results 79.7% HIC journals offered English editing services, compared with 25.0% of LMIC journals. Additionally, 40.0% of HIC journals are solely open access compared with 92.0% in LMICs. Lower journal metrics were seen in LMIC journals, including 2022 mean total articles (107 HICs vs. 60 LMICs), total citations (4296 vs. 751), journal citation indicator (0.88 vs. 0.35), and journal impact factor (12.68 vs. 0.82). Conclusion We have identified substantial differences in the distribution, English editing services, and journal metrics of HIC journals compared to LMIC journals. These may point to potential barriers to publishing and research access for those in LMICs. To support LMIC research, future work should evaluate opportunities to increase the number of ENT journals in LMICs, expand open access publishing, improve access to language services, and increase LMIC research impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader G Zalaquett
- Lebanese Otolaryngology Research and Awareness Group (LORAG), Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut-Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
- Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Initiative, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nadim Hamadeh
- Lebanese Otolaryngology Research and Awareness Group (LORAG), Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut-Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rolvix H. Patterson
- Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Initiative, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
- Hubert-Yeargan Center for Global Health, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Eric K. Kim
- Global Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Initiative, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Zeina Korban
- Lebanese Otolaryngology Research and Awareness Group (LORAG), Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut-Faculty of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mark G. Shrime
- Mercy Ships, Garden Valley, Lindale, TX USA
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Caleon RL, Nziyomaze E, Imaniriho JD, Manirakiza E, Nsengiyumva E, Sharfi D, Bernhisel A, Teshome T, Jetton O'Banion J. Geographic Representation of Authorship in Ophthalmic Research from Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024; 31:478-487. [PMID: 38095575 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2291802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are underrepresented in ophthalmic research, despite carrying the highest burden of visual impairment. To assess the representation of local authors in global ophthalmic research, this cross-sectional, bibliometric analysis measured the proportion of LMIC-affiliated authorship in LMIC-based ophthalmic research. METHODS We sampled original, primary research conducted in LMICs and published in 1 of 7 high-impact ophthalmic journals between 2017 and 2021. For each article, we extracted the number and name of country study site(s), country affiliation(s) of first and last author, proportion of LMIC-affiliated authors, funding sources, and study design. RESULTS Of the 1,333 studies exclusively conducted in LMICs, 89.4% of first authors and 80.6% of last authors were exclusively LMIC-affiliated. Representation of LMIC-affiliated first authors were lower in studies based in low-income countries (25.0%) or in sub-Saharan Africa (26.5%), published in journals with higher impact factors (68.0% in Ophthalmology), funded by high-income countries (HICs) (41.4%), or conducted in both LMICs and HICs (27.1%). The United States, United Kingdom, and Australia had the 3rd, 6th, and 8th largest shares of last authors. There were only 12 single-country studies conducted in low-income countries, namely Ethiopia, the Gambia, Guinea, Liberia, the Niger, and Sierra Leone. Of these countries, only three held first authorship and one held last authorship. CONCLUSIONS Although LMIC-based ophthalmic research has demonstrated higher local authorship representation compared to other fields, underrepresentation can be exacerbated by country income level, journal "prestige," and degree of HIC involvement. These discrepancies highlight the need for more equitable data ownership in global ophthalmic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramoncito L Caleon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elie Nziyomaze
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rwanda International Institute of Ophthalmology, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | - Eric Manirakiza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rwanda International Institute of Ophthalmology, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Nsengiyumva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rwanda International Institute of Ophthalmology, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Duaa Sharfi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ashlie Bernhisel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Tiliksew Teshome
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Offiah AC, Atalabi OM, Epelman M, Khanna G. Disparities in paediatric radiology research publications from low- and lower middle-income countries: a time for change. Pediatr Radiol 2024; 54:468-477. [PMID: 37773442 PMCID: PMC10902002 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The positive impact of diversity on health research and outcomes is well-recognised and widely published. Despite this, published evidence shows that at every step of the research pathway, issues of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) arise. There is evidence of a lack of diversity within research teams, in the research questions asked/research participants recruited, on grant review/funding panels, amongst funded researchers and on the editorial boards and reviewer pools of the journals to which results are submitted for peer-reviewed publication. Considering the journal Pediatric Radiology, while its editorial board of 92 members has at least one member affiliated to a country in every region of the world, the majority are in North America (n=52, 57%) and Europe (n=30, 33%) and only two (2%) are affiliated to institutions in a lower middle-income country (LMIC) (India, Nigeria), with one (1%) affiliated to an institution in an upper middle-income country (UMIC) (Peru) and none in a low-income country (LIC). Pediatric Radiology is "…the official journal of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology, the Society for Pediatric Radiology, the Asian and Oceanic Society for Pediatric Radiology and the Latin American Society of Pediatric Radiology". However, of the total number of manuscripts submitted for potential publication in the four years 2019 through 2022, only 0.03% were from a LIC and only 7.9% were from a LMIC. Further, the frequency of acceptance of manuscripts from UMIC was seven times higher than that from LMIC (no manuscripts were published from LIC). Increased collaboration is required between researchers across the globe to better understand the barriers to equity in the funding, conduct and publication of research from LIC and LMIC and to identify ways in which we can overcome them together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaka C Offiah
- Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Room 3, Damer Street Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TH, UK.
- Department of Radiology, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Omolola M Atalabi
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Monica Epelman
- Department of Radiology, Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Geetika Khanna
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Emory University and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Kaufman R, Fair E, Reid M, Mirzazadeh A. Authorship equity in global health research: who gets the credit at University of California, San Francisco? BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e013713. [PMID: 37848271 PMCID: PMC10583030 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-013713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Authorship inequity exists in global health research and can be representative of unequal partnerships. Previous studies showed that low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) authors are under-represented in publications from global collaborative research between LMIC and high-income countries (HIC). However, there are little data on trends for how specific HIC institutions are performing concerning equitable authorship. We used Web of Science to find published articles affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), where an LMIC was referred to in the title, abstract or keywords from 2008 to 2021. The country affiliation of each author for all included articles was grouped based on World Bank data. A total of 5805 articles were included. On average, 53.6% (n=3109) of UCSF affiliated articles had at least one low-income country (LIC) or LMIC author; however, this number increased from 43.2% (n=63) in 2008 to 63.3% (n=421) in 2021. Overall, 16.3% (n=948) of UCSF affiliated articles had an LIC or LMIC researcher as the first author, 18.8% (n=1,059) had an LIC or LMIC researcher as second author, and 14.2% (n=820) had an LIC or LMIC researcher as last author. As long as manuscripts produced by UCSF have no LIC or LMIC authors included the university's commitment to authentic equity is undermined. Global health partnerships cannot be equitable without changing authorship trends between HIC and LMIC institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Kaufman
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fair
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Michael Reid
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ali Mirzazadeh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Bjorklund A, Muttineni M, Gladding S, Slusher T, Howard CR. The Changing Landscape of Global Child Health Education in the United States and the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Civil Unrest. Pediatr Ann 2023; 52:e324-e329. [PMID: 37695284 DOI: 10.3928/19382359-20230720-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The events of recent years have affected the landscape of global child health education (GCHE) in the United States. War, racism, forced displacement, and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had global repercussions that reached US GCHE. The aim of this article is to examine the effect of these events on the landscape of GCHE in the US. Key areas of GCHE have been reframed, reshaped, and accelerated by these events. Travel restrictions accelerated virtual learning opportunities. Core curriculum needed to be reconsidered to address antiracism, equity, and decolonization. Expansion of GCHE activities, including local-global electives, was needed to meet increased resident demand and help address local community needs. Inequities in international partnerships were further highlighted, requiring new approaches. Global research education and practices were also affected with a rapid expansion in virtual opportunities and further development of education in equitable research practices. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(9):e324-e329.].
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Tankwanchi AS, Asabor EN, Vermund SH. Global Health Perspectives on Race in Research: Neocolonial Extraction and Local Marginalization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6210. [PMID: 37444057 PMCID: PMC10341112 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Best practices in global health training prioritize leadership and engagement from investigators from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), along with conscientious community consultation and research that benefits local participants and autochthonous communities. However, well into the 20th century, international research and clinical care remain rife with paternalism, extractive practices, and racist ideation, with race presumed to explain vulnerability or protection from various diseases, despite scientific evidence for far more precise mechanisms for infectious disease. We highlight experiences in global research on health and illness among indigenous populations in LMICs, seeking to clarify what is both scientifically essential and ethically desirable in research with human subjects; we apply a critical view towards race and racism as historically distorting elements that must be acknowledged and overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhenaten Siankam Tankwanchi
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emmanuella N. Asabor
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (E.N.A.); (S.H.V.)
| | - Sten H. Vermund
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; (E.N.A.); (S.H.V.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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7
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Rees CA, Rajesh G, Manji HK, Shari C, Kisenge R, Keating EM, Ogbuanu IU, Igunza KA, Omore R, Manji KP. Has Authorship in the Decolonizing Global Health Movement Been Colonized? Ann Glob Health 2023; 89:42. [PMID: 37362829 PMCID: PMC10289040 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.4146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decolonization in global health is a recent movement aimed at relinquishing remnants of supremacist mindsets, inequitable structures, and power differentials in global health. Objective To determine the author demographics of publications on decolonizing global health and global health partnerships between low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of publications related to decolonizing global health and global health partnerships from the inception of the selected journal databases (i.e., Medline, CAB Global Health, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Web of Science) to November 14, 2022. Author country affiliations were assigned as listed in each publication. Author gender was assigned using author first name and the software genderize.io. Descriptive statistics were used for author country income bracket, gender, and distribution. Findings Among 197 publications on decolonizing global health and global health partnerships, there were 691 total authors (median 2 authors per publication, interquartile range 1, 4). Publications with author bylines comprised exclusively of authors affiliated with HICs were most common (70.0%, n = 138) followed by those with authors affiliated both with HICs and LMICs (22.3%, n = 44). Only 7.6% (n = 15) of publications had author bylines comprised exclusively of authors affiliated with LMICs. Over half (54.0%, n = 373) of the included authors had names that were female and female authors affiliated with HICs most commonly occupied first author positions (51.8%, n = 102). Conclusions Authors in publications on decolonizing global health and global health partnerships have largely been comprised of individuals affiliated with HICs. There was a marked paucity of publications with authors affiliated with LMICs, whose voices provide context and crucial insight into the needs of the decolonizing global health movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A. Rees
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gouri Rajesh
- University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hussein K. Manji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Accident and Emergency Department, The Aga Khan Health Services, Tanzania
| | - Catherine Shari
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital-Mloganzila, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Rodrick Kisenge
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Elizabeth M. Keating
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Kitiezo Aggrey Igunza
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Richard Omore
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Center for Global Health Research, (KEMRI-CGHR), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Karim P. Manji
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
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8
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Shambe I, Thomas K, Bradley J, Marchant T, Weiss HA, Webb EL. Bibliometric analysis of authorship patterns in publications from a research group at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 2016-2020. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2022-011053. [PMID: 36792228 PMCID: PMC9933664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-011053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Authors from low and middle-income country (LMIC) institutions are under-represented in publications of research based in LMICs. This case study of publications from authors within the Medical Research Council International Statistics and Epidemiology Group (MRC-ISEG), a global health research group affiliated to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in the UK, aims to describe patterns in authorship and factors associated with under-representation. METHODS Papers were included if they were published between January 2016 and December 2020 inclusive, included an author from the MRC-ISEG and described work conducted in a LMIC. Authors' affiliations were classified using World Bank country income classifications into LMIC affiliations only, high-income country (HIC) affiliations only and mixed LMIC/HIC affiliations. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of author affiliation category with authorship position, and whether patterns varied by journal impact factor quartile and multiple versus single-country studies. RESULTS A total of 882 papers, including 10 570 authors describing research conducted in 61 LMICs, were included. Compared with authors of HIC-only affiliation, those with LMIC-only affiliation were less likely to be in first authorship position (relative risk ratio (RRR)=0.51, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.60) and mixed HIC/LMIC affiliation authors were more likely (RRR=2.80, 95% CI 2.35 to 3.34). Compared with authors of HIC-only affiliation, those with LMIC-only affiliation were less likely to be in last authorship position (RRR=0.20, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.24) and those with mixed HIC/LMIC affiliations were more likely (RRR=1.95, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.30). The proportion of senior authors with LMIC-only affiliation was lowest for the highest impact journals, and in multicountry versus single-country studies. CONCLUSION Alongside increasing research capacity within LMICs, HIC institutions should ensure that LMIC-affiliated researchers are properly represented in global research. Academics working in global health should be judged on their involvement in representative collaborative research rather than individual achievements in authorship position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iornum Shambe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Katherine Thomas
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - John Bradley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Tanya Marchant
- Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen A Weiss
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
| | - Emily L Webb
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Faculty of Epidemiology and Public Health, London, UK
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9
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Kivlehan SM, Hexom BJ, Bonney J, Collier A, Nicholson BD, Quao NSA, Rybarczyk MM, Selvam A, Rees CA, Roy CM, Bhaskar N, Becker TK. Global emergency medicine: A scoping review of the literature from 2021. Acad Emerg Med 2022; 29:1264-1274. [PMID: 35913419 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify the most important and impactful peer-reviewed global emergency medicine (GEM) articles published in 2021. The top articles are summarized in brief narratives and accompanied by a comprehensive list of all identified articles that address the topic during the year to serve as a reference for clinicians, researchers, and policy makers. METHODS A systematic PubMed search was carried out to identify all GEM articles published in 2021. Title and abstract screening was performed by trained reviewers and editors to identify articles in one of three categories based on predefined criteria: disaster and humanitarian response (DHR), emergency care in resource-limited settings (ECRLS), and emergency medicine development (EMD). Included articles were each scored by two reviewers using established rubrics for original (OR) and review (RE) articles. The top 5% of articles overall and the top 5% of articles from each category (DHR, ECRLS, EMD, OR, and RE) were included for narrative summary. RESULTS The 2021 search identified 44,839 articles, of which 444 articles screened in for scoring, 25% and 22% increases from 2020, respectively. After removal of duplicates, 23 articles were included for narrative summary. ECRLS constituted the largest category (n = 16, 70%), followed by EMD (n = 4, 17%) and DHR (n = 3, 13%). The majority of top articles were OR (n = 14, 61%) compared to RE (n = 9, 39%). CONCLUSIONS The GEM peer-reviewed literature continued to grow at a fast rate in 2021, reflecting the continued expansion and maturation of this subspecialty of emergency medicine. Few high-quality articles focused on DHR and EMD, suggesting a need for further efforts in those fields. Future efforts should focus on improving the diversity of GEM research and equitable representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Kivlehan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Braden J Hexom
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph Bonney
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.,Global Health and Infectious Disease Research Group, Kumasi Center for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Amanda Collier
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Nicholson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Nana Serwaa A Quao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Accident and Emergency Centre, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Megan M Rybarczyk
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anand Selvam
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chris A Rees
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Charlotte M Roy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | | | - Torben K Becker
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Rees CA, Sirna SJ, Manji HK, Kisenge R, Manji KP. Authorship equity guidelines in global health journals. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e010421. [PMID: 36220309 PMCID: PMC9557304 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-010421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Rees
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emergency Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Stephanie J Sirna
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hussein K Manji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
- Accident and Emergency Medicine, Aga Khan Hospital Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Rodrick Kisenge
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Karim P Manji
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of
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Umphrey L, Lenhard N, Lam SK, Hayward NE, Hecht S, Agrawal P, Chambliss A, Evert J, Haq H, Lauden SM, Paasi G, Schleicher M, McHenry MS. Virtual global health in graduate medical education: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 13:230-248. [PMID: 36057978 PMCID: PMC9911141 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.62eb.94fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize recent virtual global health education activities for graduate medical trainees, document gaps in the literature, suggest future study, and inform best practice recommendations for global health educators. METHODS We systematically reviewed articles published on virtual global health education activities from 2012-2021 by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ERIC, Scopus, Web of Science, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses A&I. We performed bibliography review and search of conference and organization websites. We included articles about primarily virtual activities targeting for health professional trainees. We collected and qualitatively analyzed descriptive data about activity type, evaluation, audience, and drivers or barriers. Heterogeneity of included articles did not lend to formal quality evaluation. RESULTS Forty articles describing 69 virtual activities met inclusion criteria. 55% of countries hosting activities were high-income countries. Most activities targeted students (57%), with the majority (53%) targeting trainees in both low- to middle- and high-income settings. Common activity drivers were course content, organization, peer interactions, and online flexibility. Common challenges included student engagement, technology, the internet, time zones, and scheduling. Articles reported unanticipated benefits of activities, including wide reach; real-world impact; improved partnerships; and identification of global health practice gaps. CONCLUSIONS This is the first review to synthesize virtual global health education activities for graduate medical trainees. Our review identified important drivers and challenges to these activities, the need for future study on activity preferences, and considerations for learners and educators in low- to middle-income countries. These findings may guide global health educators in their planning and implementation of virtual activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Umphrey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nora Lenhard
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Suet Kam Lam
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Shaina Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Priya Agrawal
- Mid-Atlantic Permanente Medical Group, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Amy Chambliss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica Evert
- Child Family Health International, El Cerrito, California, USA
| | - Heather Haq
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Lauden
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - George Paasi
- Mbale Clinical Research Institute, Mbale, Uganda
| | - Mary Schleicher
- Cleveland Clinic Floyd D. Loop Alumni Library, Cleveland, OH, USA
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12
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Fowler Z, Dutta R, Kilgallon JL, Wobenjo A, Bandyopadhyay S, Shah P, Jain S, Raykar NP, Roy N. Academic Output in Global Surgery after the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery: A Scoping Review. World J Surg 2022; 46:2317-2325. [PMID: 35849172 PMCID: PMC9436886 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-022-06640-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery (LCoGS) published its seminal report in 2015, carving a niche for global surgery academia. Six years after the LCoGS, a scoping review was conducted to see how the term 'global surgery' is characterized by the literature and how it relates to LCoGS and its domains. Methods PubMed was searched for publications between January 2015 and February 2021 that used the term ‘global surgery’ in the title, abstract, or key words or cited the LCoGS. Variables extracted included LCoGS domains, authorship metrics, geographic scope, and clinical specialty. Results The search captured 938 articles that qualified for data extraction. Nearly 80% of first and last authors had high-income country affiliations. Africa was the most frequently investigated region, though many countries within the region were under-represented. The World Journal of Surgery was the most frequent journal, publishing 13.9% of all articles. General surgery, pediatric surgery, and neurosurgery were the most represented specialties. Of the LCoGS domains, healthcare delivery and management were the most studied, while economics and financing were the least studied. Conclusion A lack of consensus on the definition of global surgery remains. Additional research is needed in economics and financing, while obstetrics and trauma are under-represented in literature using the term ‘global surgery’. Efforts in academic global surgery must give a voice to those carrying the global surgery agenda forward on the frontlines. Focusing on research capacity-building and encouraging contribution by local partners will lead to a stronger, more cohesive global surgery community. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00268-022-06640-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Fowler
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Rohini Dutta
- Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low-Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India
| | - John L Kilgallon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adili Wobenjo
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low-Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India
- Department of Surgery, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Soham Bandyopadhyay
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University Global Surgery Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical & Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Samarvir Jain
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low-Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Nakul P Raykar
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery, Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nobhojit Roy
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research in Surgical Care Delivery in Low-Middle-Income Countries, Mumbai, India.
- Department of Public Health Systems, Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
- The George Institute of Global Health, New Delhi, India.
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Garbern SC, Hyuha G, González Marqués C, Baig N, Chan JL, Dutta S, Gulamhussein MA, López Terán GP, Manji HK, Mdundo WK, Moresky RT, Mussa RY, Noste EE, Nyirenda M, Osei-Ampofo M, Rajeev S, Sawe HR, Simbila AN, Thilakasiri MCK, Turgeon N, Wachira BW, Yang RS, Yussuf A, Zhang R, Zyer A, Rees CA. Authorship representation in global emergency medicine: a bibliometric analysis from 2016 to 2020. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:e009538. [PMID: 35760436 PMCID: PMC9237874 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-income country (HIC) authors are disproportionately represented in authorship bylines compared with those affiliated with low and middle-income countries (LMICs) in global health research. An assessment of authorship representation in the global emergency medicine (GEM) literature is lacking but may inform equitable academic collaborations in this relatively new field. METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis of original research articles reporting studies conducted in LMICs from the annual GEM Literature Review from 2016 to 2020. Data extracted included study topic, journal, study country(s) and region, country income classification, author order, country(s) of authors' affiliations and funding sources. We compared the proportion of authors affiliated with each income bracket using Χ2 analysis. We conducted logistic regression to identify factors associated with first or last authorship affiliated with the study country. RESULTS There were 14 113 authors in 1751 articles. Nearly half (45.5%) of the articles reported work conducted in lower middle-income countries (MICs), 23.6% in upper MICs, 22.5% in low-income countries (LICs). Authors affiliated with HICs were most represented (40.7%); 26.4% were affiliated with lower MICs, 17.4% with upper MICs, 10.3% with LICs and 5.1% with mixed affiliations. Among single-country studies, those without any local authors (8.7%) were most common among those conducted in LICs (14.4%). Only 31.0% of first authors and 21.3% of last authors were affiliated with LIC study countries. Studies in upper MICs (adjusted OR (aOR) 3.6, 95% CI 2.46 to 5.26) and those funded by the study country (aOR 2.94, 95% CI 2.05 to 4.20) had greater odds of having a local first author. CONCLUSIONS There were significant disparities in authorship representation. Authors affiliated with HICs more commonly occupied the most prominent authorship positions. Recognising and addressing power imbalances in international, collaborative emergency medicine (EM) research is warranted. Innovative methods are needed to increase funding opportunities and other support for EM researchers in LMICs, particularly in LICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chow Garbern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Gimbo Hyuha
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Catalina González Marqués
- Division of Global Emergency Medicine and Humanitarian Studies, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noor Baig
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jennifer L Chan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- CrisisReady, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sanjukta Dutta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fortis Hospital, Kolkata, India
| | - Masuma A Gulamhussein
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Gloria Paulina López Terán
- Servicio de Emergencia, Hospital Santa Inés de Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
- Servicio de Emergencia, Hospital General Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Hussein Karim Manji
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Accident and Emergency Department, Aga Khan Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Winnie K Mdundo
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Rachel T Moresky
- Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Raya Yusuph Mussa
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Erin E Noste
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mulinda Nyirenda
- Adult Emergency and Trauma Centre, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Ministry of Health - Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Maxwell Osei-Ampofo
- Emergency Medical Services, Ghana National Ambulance Service, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sindhya Rajeev
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Hendry R Sawe
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Alphonce Nsabi Simbila
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | | | - Nikkole Turgeon
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Benjamin W Wachira
- Accident & Emergency Department, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rebecca S Yang
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amne Yussuf
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Emergency Medicine Department, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Raina Zhang
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alishia Zyer
- Bryant University, Smithfield, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Chris A Rees
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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14
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Morton B, Vercueil A, Masekela R, Heinz E, Reimer L, Saleh S, Kalinga C, Seekles M, Biccard B, Chakaya J, Abimbola S, Obasi A, Oriyo N. Consensus statement on measures to promote equitable authorship in the publication of research from international partnerships. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:264-276. [PMID: 34647323 PMCID: PMC9293237 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the acknowledged injustice and widespread existence of parachute research studies conducted in low- or middle-income countries by researchers from institutions in high-income countries, there is currently no pragmatic guidance for how academic journals should evaluate manuscript submissions and challenge this practice. We assembled a multidisciplinary group of editors and researchers with expertise in international health research to develop this consensus statement. We reviewed relevant existing literature and held three workshops to present research data and holistically discuss the concept of equitable authorship and the role of academic journals in the context of international health research partnerships. We subsequently developed statements to guide prospective authors and journal editors as to how they should address this issue. We recommend that for manuscripts that report research conducted in low- or middle-income countries by collaborations including partners from one or more high-income countries, authors should submit accompanying structured reflexivity statements. We provide specific questions that these statements should address and suggest that journals should transparently publish reflexivity statements with accepted manuscripts. We also provide guidance to journal editors about how they should assess the structured statements when making decisions on whether to accept or reject submitted manuscripts. We urge journals across disciplines to adopt these recommendations to accelerate the changes needed to halt the practice of parachute research.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Morton
- Department of Clinical SciencesLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - A. Vercueil
- King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - R. Masekela
- Head of Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthSchool of Clinical MedicineCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of Kwa‐Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa
| | - E. Heinz
- Departments of Clinical Sciences and of Vector BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - L. Reimer
- Department of Vector BiologyLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - S. Saleh
- Wellcome Trust ClinicalDepartment of Clinical SciencesLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - C. Kalinga
- Department of Social AnthropologyUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - M. Seekles
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
| | - B. Biccard
- Department of Anaesthesia and Peri‐operative MedicineGroote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - J. Chakaya
- Global Respiratory HealthDepartment of Clinical SciencesLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology and TherapeuticsSchool of MedicineKenyatta UniversityNairobiKenya
| | - S. Abimbola
- School of Public HealthUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - A. Obasi
- Department of International Public HealthLiverpool School of Tropical MedicineLiverpoolUK
- AXESS ClinicRoyal Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLiverpoolUK
| | - N. Oriyo
- National Institute of Medical ResearchDar es SalaamTanzania
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15
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Busse CE, Anderson EW, Endale T, Smith YR, Kaniecki M, Shannon C, August ET. Strengthening research capacity: a systematic review of manuscript writing and publishing interventions for researchers in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2021-008059. [PMID: 35165096 PMCID: PMC8845213 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-008059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are under-represented in the academic literature. Scientific writing and publishing interventions may help researchers publish their findings; however, we lack evidence about the prevalence and effectiveness of such interventions. This review describes interventions for researchers in LMICs aimed at strengthening capacity for writing and publishing academic journal articles. METHODS We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to report literature searches in PubMed, Embase, Global Health, Scopus and ERIC. Our keywords included LMICs, low-income and middle-income countries, health research and writing/publication support interventions, with no restrictions on publication date. Our screening process consisted of title screening, abstract review and full-text review. We collected information about the content, implementation and evaluation of each intervention, if included. RESULTS We identified 20 interventions designed to strengthen capacity for scientific writing and publishing. We summarised information from the 14 interventions that reported submitted or published papers as outcomes separately, reasoning that because they provide quantifiable metrics of success, they may offer particular insights into intervention components leading to publication. The writing and publishing components in this 'Publications Reported' group were an average length of 5.4 days compared with 2.5 days in the other group we refer to as 'Other Interventions.' Whereas all 14 Publications Reported interventions incorporated mentors, only two of five in the Other Interventions group incorporated mentors. Across interventions, leaders expressed the importance of a high ratio of mentors to participants, the need to accommodate time demands of busy researchers, and the necessity of a budget for open access fees and high-quality internet connectivity. CONCLUSION Writing and publishing interventions in LMICs are an underutilised opportunity for capacity strengthening. To facilitate the implementation of high-quality interventions, future writing and publishing interventions should share their experiences by publishing detailed information about the approach and effectiveness of the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara E Busse
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tamrat Endale
- Center for International Reproductive Health Training, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yolanda Regina Smith
- Center for International Reproductive Health Training, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marie Kaniecki
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carol Shannon
- Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ella T August
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Tonen-Wolyec S, Mbumba Lupaka DM, Batina-Agasa S, Mbopi Keou FX, Bélec L. Review of authorship for COVID-19 research conducted during the 2020 first-wave epidemic in Africa reveals emergence of promising African biomedical research and persisting asymmetry of international collaborations. Trop Med Int Health 2022; 27:137-148. [PMID: 34984771 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The contribution of African authors to the biomedical literature is small. We evaluated the African and non-African scientific production published in the international literature on the COVID-19 in Africa during the first year of the epidemic (2020). METHODS Papers on COVID-19 in Africa were extracted from the Medline (PubMed) database for bibliometric analysis including the proportions of three leading and last authors by study type, study country, authors' and laboratories/institutions' countries of affiliation and journal ranking. RESULTS A total of 160 articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria were analysed. The majority (91.3%) was produced by half (53.7%) of African countries, with important regional disparities, and generally without sources of funding mentioned. The majority (>85.0) of authors in lead positions (first, second, third and last authors) were Africans. Only a small number (8.7%) of studies on COVID-19 in Africa were carried out by laboratories not on the African continent (mainly Europe, USA and China) and generally received funding. The last and first authors were more frequently of non-African origin in journals with an Impact Factor ranking ≥1, and more frequently of African origin in journals with a lower ranking (< 1). The first and last non-African authors tended to report their studies in high ranking ≥1 journals. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the emergence of promising African research capable of publishing in indexed but low-impact factor medical journals and reveals the persistence of a North-South asymmetry in international cooperation in biomedical research with Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Tonen-Wolyec
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo.,Ecole Doctorale Régionale D'Afrique Centrale en Infectiologie Tropicale, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Dieu-Merci Mbumba Lupaka
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Salomon Batina-Agasa
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - François-Xavier Mbopi Keou
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.,The Institute for the Development of Africa (The-IDA), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Laurent Bélec
- Laboratory of virology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, University of Paris, Paris, France
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17
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Russ C, Barnes A, Condurache T, Haq H, Keating EM, Morris L, Watts J, Batra M. Development of the Association of Pediatric Program Directors Global Educator Scholarship-Expanding Bidirectional Efforts in Global Health Education. Acad Pediatr 2021; 21:1309-1313. [PMID: 33964475 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Board of the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD) partnered with the APPD Global Health Learning Community (GHLC) to establish the APPD Global Pediatric Educator Scholarship. This award seeks to recognize pediatric educators who demonstrate leadership in improving pediatric education in low- and middle-income countries, and provide them with career development opportunities by attending the APPD Spring meeting. Two educators per year have been awarded the scholarship since 2017. AWARD EVALUATION The authors sent survey questions via email and obtained responses from 6 (100%) of the scholarship awardees, 8 (75%) APPD GHLC leadership individuals, and 4 (67%) APPD Board members. Three authors analyzed the responses with consensus achieved on themes. RESULTS Awardees noted learning about educational strategies, academic opportunities through networking, and context for stronger bilateral exchange with partners. APPD leaders noted an expansion of the organization's mission to include global presence. Challenges included program visibility, sustainable funding, and logistics. Suggestions included better incorporation of awardees into APPD membership, longitudinal mentorship, targeted conference navigation, and visits to local academic institutions. CONCLUSIONS The APPD Global Educator Scholarship is a replicable model of organizational global outreach that expands the concept of bidirectional exchange to include career sponsorship for global partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Russ
- Division of Medical Critical Care, Boston Children's Hospital (C Russ), Boston, Mass.
| | - Adelaide Barnes
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (A Barnes), Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Tania Condurache
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine (T Condurache), Louisville, Ky
| | - Heather Haq
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine (H Haq), Houston, Tex
| | - Elizabeth M Keating
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Utah (EM Keating), Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Lee Morris
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Atrium Health Levine Children's Hospital (L Morris), Charlotte, NC
| | - Jennifer Watts
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City (J Watts), Kansas City, Mo
| | - Maneesh Batra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Washington (M Batra), Seattle, Wash
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18
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Ravi K, Bentounsi Z, Tariq A, Brazeal A, Daudu D, Back F, Elhadi M, Badwi N, Shah SSNH, Bandyopadhyay S, Khalil H, Kimura H, Sekyi-Djan MN, Abdelrahman A, Shaheen A, Mbonda Noula AG, Wong AT, Ndajiwo A, Souadka A, Maina AN, Nyalundja AD, Sabry A, Hind B, Nteranya DS, Ngugi DW, de Wet E, Tolis EA, Wafqui FZ, Essangri H, Moujtahid H, Moola H, Narain K, Ravi K, Wassim K, Odiero LA, Nyaboke LS, Metwalli M, Naisiae M, Pueschel MG, Turabi N, El Aroussi N, Makram OM, Shawky OA, Outani O, Carides P, Patil P, Halley-Stott RP, Kurbegovic S, Marchant S, Moujtahid S, El Hadrati S, Agarwal T, Kidavasi VA, Agarwal V, Steyn W, Matumo W, Fahmy YA, Omar Z, Amod Z, Eloff M, Hussein NA, Sharma D. Systematic analysis of authorship demographics in global surgery. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-006672. [PMID: 34666988 PMCID: PMC8527109 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Global surgery has recently gained prominence as an academic discipline within global health. Authorship inequity has been a consistent feature of global health publications, with over-representation of authors from high-income countries (HICs), and disenfranchisement of researchers from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this study, we investigated authorship demographics within recently published global surgery literature. Methods We performed a systematic analysis of author characteristics, including gender, seniority and institutional affiliation, for global surgery studies published between 2016 and 2020 and indexed in the PubMed database. We compared the distribution of author gender and seniority across studies related to different topics; between authors affiliated with HICs and LMICs; and across studies with different authorship networks. Results 1240 articles were included for analysis. Most authors were male (60%), affiliated only with HICs (51%) and of high seniority (55% were fully qualified specialist or generalist clinicians, Principal Investigators, or in senior leadership or management roles). The proportion of male authors increased with increasing seniority for last and middle authors. Studies related to Obstetrics and Gynaecology had similar numbers of male and female authors, whereas there were more male authors in studies related to surgery (69% male) and Anaesthesia and Critical care (65% male). Compared with HIC authors, LMIC authors had a lower proportion of female authors at every seniority grade. This gender gap among LMIC middle authors was reduced in studies where all authors were affiliated only with LMICs. Conclusion Authorship disparities are evident within global surgery academia. Remedial actions to address the lack of authorship opportunities for LMIC authors and female authors are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithi Ravi
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Zineb Bentounsi
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Aiman Tariq
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Davina Daudu
- The University of Western Australia Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Francesca Back
- University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Nermin Badwi
- Zagazig University Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt.,InciSioN Egypt, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | | | - Halimah Khalil
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Ahmed Shaheen
- Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Ai-Ting Wong
- Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | | | - Amine Souadka
- National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | - Bourja Hind
- Ibn Rochd University Hospital Center, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Daniel Safari Nteranya
- Department of Surgery, Official University of Bukavu, Bukavu, Congo.,Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | | | - Elsa de Wet
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - F Z Wafqui
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Hajar Essangri
- National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hajar Moujtahid
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Husna Moola
- University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Kapil Narain
- University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | - Krupa Ravi
- University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyrillos Wassim
- Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | - Maryanne Naisiae
- University of Nairobi College of Health Sciences, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Nafisa Turabi
- Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, India
| | - Nouhaila El Aroussi
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Omar Mohamed Makram
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London, UK
| | - Omar A Shawky
- Cairo University Kasr Alainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Oumaima Outani
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Peter Carides
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | - Sabina Kurbegovic
- Medical Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Sara Moujtahid
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Rabat, Morocco.,Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Soukaina El Hadrati
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | - Wilme Steyn
- Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Bertsham, South Africa
| | | | | | - Zaayid Omar
- Rondebosch Medical Centre, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zachary Amod
- University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Madelein Eloff
- University of KwaZulu-Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Dhananjaya Sharma
- Department of Surgery, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College and Hospital, Jabalpur, India
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19
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Wagner JK, Yu JH, Chong JX, Royal CD, Bamshad MJ. Centering Equity in Human Genetics and Genomics Advances. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100048. [PMID: 35047840 PMCID: PMC8756494 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2021.100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Faure MC, Munung NS, Ntusi NAB, Pratt B, de Vries J. Considering equity in global health collaborations: A qualitative study on experiences of equity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258286. [PMID: 34618864 PMCID: PMC8496851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
International collaborations have become the standard model for global health research and often include researchers and institutions from high income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While such collaborations are important for generating new knowledge that will help address global health inequities, there is evidence to suggest that current forms of collaboration may reproduce unequal power relations. Therefore, we conducted a qualitative study with scientists, researchers and those involved in research management, working in international health collaborations. Interviews were conducted between October 2019 and March 2020. We conducted 13 interviews with 15 participants. From our findings, we derive three major themes. First, our results reflect characteristics of equitable, collaborative research relationships. Here we find both relational features, specifically trust and belonging, and structural features, including clear contractual agreements, capacity building, inclusive divisions of labour, and the involvement of local communities. Second, we discuss obstacles to develop equitable collaborations. These include exclusionary labour practices, donor-driven research agendas, overall research culture, lack of accountability and finally, the inadequate financing of indirect costs for LMIC institutions. Third, we discuss the responsibilities for promoting science equity of funders, LMIC researchers, LMIC institutions, and LMIC governments. While other empirical studies have suggested similar features of equity, our findings extend these features to include local communities as collaborators in research projects and not only as beneficiaries. We also suggest the importance of funders paying for indirect costs, without which the capacity of LMIC institutions will continually erode. And finally, our study shows the responsibilities of LMIC actors in developing equitable collaborations, which have largely been absent from the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn C. Faure
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Nchangwi S. Munung
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bridget Pratt
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jantina de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Fergus CA, Storer E, Arinaitwe M, Kamurari S, Adriko M. COVID-19 information dissemination in Uganda: Perspectives from sub-national health workers. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1061. [PMID: 34620175 PMCID: PMC8496434 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many places, health workers at the sub-national level are on the frontlines of disseminating information about coronavirus (COVID-19) to communities. To ensure communities are receiving timely and accurate information, it is vital health workers are kept abreast of the most recent recommendations, and guidance. METHODS An electronic survey was implemented to provide insights about the dissemination and utilisation of information and evidence related to the COVID-19 pandemic by health workers engaged at sub-national levels of the Ugandan health system. The aim of this survey was to provide insights about the dissemination and utilisation of information and evidence related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic by individuals engaged at sub-national levels of the health system. RESULTS Mass media and public health campaigns and outreach activities were deemed the most suitable means to reach communities with COVID-19 information. Given the reported disruption to public outreach campaigns, this is a particularly important consideration for the provision of information to communities. All materials should be adapted to the local context. The need for information on homecare of COVID-19 patients was highlighted, along with the need for updated local statistics as to COVID-19 cases to be relayed for health workers at sub-national levels. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the sources of information used by health workers can facilitate the transfer of relevant and timely information, which in turn increases the use of such information by the Ugandan population. It is vital that these issues are continued to be monitored, and communication modes and content are actively responsive to the time- and place-specific needs of health workers and community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristin Alexis Fergus
- Firoz Lalji Insitute for Africa, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK.
| | - Elizabeth Storer
- Firoz Lalji Insitute for Africa, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
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22
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Rees CA, Ali M, Kisenge R, Ideh RC, Sirna SJ, Britto CD, Kazembe PN, Niescierenko M, Duggan CP, Manji KP. Where there is no local author: a network bibliometric analysis of authorship parasitism among research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:e006982. [PMID: 34706882 PMCID: PMC8552133 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Authorship parasitism (ie, no authors affiliated with the country in which the study took place) occurs frequently in research conducted in low-income and middle-income countries, despite published recommendations defining authorship criteria. The objective was to compare characteristics of articles exhibiting authorship parasitism in sub-Saharan Africa to articles with author representation from sub-Saharan African countries. METHODS A bibliometric review of articles indexed in PubMed published from January 2014 through December 2018 reporting research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa was performed. Author affiliations were assigned to countries based on regular expression algorithms. Choropleth maps and network diagrams were created to determine where authorship parasitism occurred, and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine associated factors. RESULTS Of 32 061 articles, 14.8% (n=4754) demonstrated authorship parasitism, which was most common among studies from Somalia (n=175/233, 75.1%) and Sao Tome and Principe (n=20/28, 71.4%). Authors affiliated with USA and UK institutions were most commonly involved in articles exhibiting authorship parasitism. Authorship parasitism was more common in articles: published in North American journals (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.26, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.50) than in sub-Saharan African journals, reporting work from multiple sub-Saharan African countries (aOR 8.41, 95% CI 7.30 to 9.68) compared with work from upper-middle income sub-Saharan African countries, with <5 authors (aOR 14.46, 95% CI 12.81 to 16.35) than >10 authors, and was less common in articles published in French (aOR 0.60, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.85) than English. CONCLUSIONS Authorship parasitism was common in articles reporting research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. There were reliable predictors of authorship parasitism. Investigators and institutions in high-income countries, as well as funding agencies and journals should promote research from sub-Saharan Africa, including its publication, in a collaborative and equitable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Rees
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mohsin Ali
- Divison of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rodrick Kisenge
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Readon C Ideh
- Department of Pediatrics, John F. Kennedy Medical Center, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Stephanie J Sirna
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carl D Britto
- Boston Combined Residency Program, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Michelle Niescierenko
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Center for Nutrition, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Departments of Nutrition and Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karim P Manji
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
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23
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Mulder N, Zass L, Hamdi Y, Othman H, Panji S, Allali I, Fakim YJ. African Global Representation in Biomedical Sciences. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 2021; 4:57-81. [PMID: 34465182 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-102920-112550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
African populations are diverse in their ethnicity, language, culture, and genetics. Although plagued by high disease burdens, until recently the continent has largely been excluded from biomedical studies. Along with limitations in research and clinical infrastructure, human capacity, and funding, this omission has resulted in an underrepresentation of African data and disadvantaged African scientists. This review interrogates the relative abundance of biomedical data from Africa, primarily in genomics and other omics. The visibility of African science through publications is also discussed. A challenge encountered in this review is the relative lack of annotation of data on their geographical or population origin, with African countries represented as a single group. In addition to the abovementioned limitations,the global representation of African data may also be attributed to the hesitation to deposit data in public repositories. Whatever the reason, the disparity should be addressed, as African data have enormous value for scientists in Africa and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Mulder
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; .,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-AFRICA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lyndon Zass
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Yosr Hamdi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics and Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Houcemeddine Othman
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Sumir Panji
- Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;
| | - Imane Allali
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, and Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 1014 Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yasmina Jaufeerally Fakim
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Agricultural and Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius
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Opportunities and disconnects in the use of primary research on schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths for policy and practice: results from a survey of researchers. J Public Health Policy 2021; 42:402-421. [PMID: 34234277 DOI: 10.1057/s41271-021-00294-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Even with efforts to facilitate use of evidence in health policy and practice, limited attention has been paid to researchers' perspectives on use of their research in informing public health policy and practice at local, national, and global levels. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify published primary research related to schistosomiasis or soil-transmitted helminths, or both. We then surveyed corresponding authors. Results indicate differences by locations of authors and in conduct of research, especially for research conducted in low- and middle-income countries. Our findings exemplify disparities in research leadership discussed elsewhere. Researchers' perspectives on the use of their work suggest limited opportunities and 'disconnects' that hinder their engagement with policy and other decision-making processes. These findings highlight a need for additional efforts to address structural barriers and enable engagement between researchers and decision-makers.
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25
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Dimitris MC, Gittings M, King NB. How global is global health research? A large-scale analysis of trends in authorship. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2020-003758. [PMID: 33500263 PMCID: PMC7843301 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many have called for greater inclusion of researchers from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in the conduct of global health research, yet the extent to which this occurs is unclear. Prior studies are journal-, subject-, or region-specific, largely rely on manual review, and yield varying estimates not amenable to broad evaluation of the literature. We conducted a large-scale investigation of the contribution of LMIC-affiliated researchers to published global health research and examined whether this contribution differed over time. We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords for the names of countries ever classified as low-, lower middle-, or upper middle-income by the World Bank, and limited our search to items published from 2000 to 2017 in health science-related journals. Publication metadata were obtained from Elsevier/Scopus and analysed in statistical software. We calculated proportions of publications with any, first, and last authors affiliated with any LMIC as well as the same LMIC(s) identified in the title/abstract/keywords, and stratified analyses by year, country, and countries’ most common income status. We analysed 786 779 publications and found that 86.0% included at least one LMIC-affiliated author, while 77.2% and 71.2% had an LMIC-affiliated first or last author, respectively; however, analagous proportions were only 58.7%, 36.8%, and 29.1% among 100 687 publications about low-income countries. Proportions of publications with LMIC-affiliated authors increased over time, yet this observation was driven by high research activity and representation among upper middle-income countries. Between-country variation in representation was observed, even within income status categories. We invite comment regarding these findings, particularly from voices underrepresented in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Dimitris
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Gittings
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas B King
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Biomedical Ethics Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. Authorship Patterns in Cancer Genomics Publications Across Africa. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:747-755. [PMID: 34033494 PMCID: PMC8457814 DOI: 10.1200/go.20.00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Authorship is a proxy indicator of research capacity. Understanding the research capacity is imperative for developing population-specific cancer control strategies. This is particularly apropos for African nations, where mortality from cancer is projected to surpass that from infectious disease and the populations are critically under-represented in cancer and genomics studies. Here, we present an analysis and discussion of the patterns of authorship in Africa as they pertain to cancer genomics research across African countries. METHODS PubMed metadata of relevant cancer genomics peer-reviewed publications on African populations, published between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2019, were retrieved and analyzed for patterns of authorship affiliation using R packages, RISmed, and Pubmed.mineR. RESULTS The data showed that only 0.016% (n = 375) of cancer publications globally were on cancer genomics of African people. More than 50% of the first and last authors of these publications originated from the North African countries of Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt, and Algeria. South Africa (13.6% and 12.7%) and Nigeria (2.2% and 1.9%) were the Sub-Saharan African countries most represented by first and last authorship positions, respectively. The United States contributed 12.6% of first and last authored papers, and nearly 50% of all African countries had no contributing author for the publications we reviewed. CONCLUSION This study highlights and brings awareness to the paucity of cancer genomics research on African populations and by African authors and identifies a need for concerted efforts to encourage and enable more research in Africa, needed for achieving global equity in cancer outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O. Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A. Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Los Angeles, CA
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27
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Faure MC, Munung NS, Ntusi NAB, Pratt B, de Vries J. Mapping experiences and perspectives of equity in international health collaborations: a scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:28. [PMID: 33422065 PMCID: PMC7796532 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-020-01350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whilst global health research often involves international collaborations, achieving or promoting equity within collaborations remains a key challenge, despite established conceptual approaches and the development of frameworks and guidelines to promote equity. There have also been several empirical studies documenting researchers' experiences of inequity and views on what is required to advance equity in global health collaborations. While these empirical studies provide critical insights, there has been no attempt to systematically synthetize what constitutes equity and how it can be achieved. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review of qualitative studies, opinion and editorial pieces about what equity is and how it can be promoted in international collaborations. METHODS We conducted a scoping review to explore domains of equity in international health collaborations. This review included qualitative studies and opinion pieces or editorial pieces on equity in international health collaborations. We mapped the data and identified common themes using a thematic analysis approach. RESULTS This initial search retrieved a total of 7611 papers after removing duplicates. A total of 11 papers were included in this review, 10 empirical studies and 1 editorial piece. We conducted our search between October - November 2019. We identified 10 key domains which are important for promoting equity in international collaborations: funding; capacity building; authorship; sample ownership and export; trust; research agreement; acknowledging inequality; recognition and communication. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that for international collaborations to be considered more equitable, it must at least consider the 10 domains we highlighted. The 10 domains map onto five key aspects of social justice theory, namely avoiding unequal power relations like subordination, group recognition and affirmation, promoting the well-being of all, inclusion in decision-making and ensuring self-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlyn C. Faure
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nchangwi S. Munung
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bridget Pratt
- Centre for Health Equity, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jantina de Vries
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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28
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Kharel M, Pokharel A, Sapkota KP, Shahi PV, Shakya P, Ong KI. Health research capacity in Nepal: Analysis of the trend and the role of local researchers. Trop Doct 2021; 51:142-146. [PMID: 33407012 DOI: 10.1177/0049475520982770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based decision-making is less common in low- and middle-income countries where the research capacity remains low. Nepal, a lower-middle-income country in Asia, is not an exception. We conducted a rapid review to identify the trend of health research in Nepal and found more than seven-fold increase in the number of published health-related articles between 2000 and 2018. The proportion of articles with Nepalese researchers as the first authors has also risen over the years, though they are still only in two-thirds of the articles in 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kharel
- Graduate Student, Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alpha Pokharel
- Graduate Student, Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krishna P Sapkota
- Graduate Student, Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Prasant V Shahi
- Graduate Student, Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pratisha Shakya
- Graduate Student, Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Ic Ong
- Assistant Professor, Department of Community and Global Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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29
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Rivera H. AUTHORSHIP MALPRACTICES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2020. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2020.1.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the variety of research malpractices in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) is similar to those documented in developed nations, authorship misuse and related issues appear to be more prevalent in the former. This article focuses on some authorship-related topics in LMIC, namely authorship disputes, excessive co-authorship and monetary incentives, authorship issues in student-mentor relationships, and authorship patterns in North-South collaborations. Universities and official bodies in LMIC must supervise the integrity of the whole research process, provide instructions on responsible research and authorship, set up the required postgraduate training programs, foster good role models in authorship, and designate an ombudsperson to advice and respond to complaints of researchers, especially students and junior faculty. Lastly, a recent framework that combines descriptive and normative elements and then uses proper metaphors to achieve an ethical definition of authorship useful in international settings is highlighted.
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Rees CA, Keating EM, Dearden KA, Haq H, Robison JA, Kazembe PN, Bourgeois FT, Niescierenko M. Improving Pediatric Academic Global Health Collaborative Research and Agenda Setting: A Mixed-Methods Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 102:649-657. [PMID: 31933470 PMCID: PMC7056414 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Academic global health collaborations have the potential to improve joint understanding of health issues in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Our objective was to elucidate perceptions of benefits and challenges of academic global health collaborations as well as areas for improving collaborative research conducted in LMICs. This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study surveyed investigators' perceptions of benefits and challenges of pediatric academic global health collaborations. Authors of articles from four pediatric journals reporting pediatric research conducted in LMICs published between 2006 and 2015 were surveyed. Responses of LMIC investigators were compared with those of investigators in high-income countries (HICs). Responses to open-ended questions were analyzed using a combined thematic and content analysis approach. Of 1,420 potential respondents, 252 (17.7%) responded to the survey. Collaborative research with investigators from other countries was perceived as beneficial by 88.5% of respondents (n = 223), although this perception was more common among HIC respondents (n = 110, 94.0%) than LMIC respondents (n = 113, 83.7%) (p = 0.014). Sixty-seven percent (n = 170) of respondents perceived that HIC investigators had set the research agenda in work conducted in a LMIC. Respondents identified several critical factors to improve academic global health collaborations, including research capacity building, communication, and early involvement of LMIC investigators with shared decision-making during study conception and grant writing. Pediatric academic global health collaboration was widely perceived as positive. However, despite calls for capacity building and locally generated research ideas, many respondents felt that HIC investigators set the research agenda for work conducted in LMICs. This study provides suggestions for improving collaboration among pediatric academicians globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Rees
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth M Keating
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | | | - Heather Haq
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeff A Robison
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Peter N Kazembe
- Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Florence T Bourgeois
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Michelle Niescierenko
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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31
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Lukolyo H, Keating EM, Rees CA. Creating a collaborative peer writing group during residency. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2019; 24:1563421. [PMID: 30813852 PMCID: PMC6327927 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2018.1563421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Residency training principally aims to educate trainees on the clinical care of patients. This arduous period of training also offers access to mentorship and institutional resources for research; however, the demands of rigorous clinical training present barriers to conducting meaningful research during this time. Peer writing groups have been shown to be effective means to increase scholarly output among faculty but have not been well described as models to increase scholarly output among residents. The authors established a collaborative peer writing group during residency that resulted in several peer-reviewed publications along with national and international conference presentations. Based on their experience and a review of the literature, the authors present practical tips on establishing and implementing a resident peer writing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Lukolyo
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Keating
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Chris A. Rees
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- CONTACT Chris A. Rees Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, BCH306, Boston, MA02115, USA
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Hedt-Gauthier BL, Jeufack HM, Neufeld NH, Alem A, Sauer S, Odhiambo J, Boum Y, Shuchman M, Volmink J. Stuck in the middle: a systematic review of authorship in collaborative health research in Africa, 2014-2016. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001853. [PMID: 31750000 PMCID: PMC6830050 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Collaborations are often a cornerstone of global health research. Power dynamics can shape if and how local researchers are included in manuscripts. This article investigates how international collaborations affect the representation of local authors, overall and in first and last author positions, in African health research. Methods We extracted papers on 'health' in sub-Saharan Africa indexed in PubMed and published between 2014 and 2016. The author's affiliation was used to classify the individual as from the country of the paper's focus, from another African country, from Europe, from the USA/Canada or from another locale. Authors classified as from the USA/Canada were further subclassified if the author was from a top US university. In primary analyses, individuals with multiple affiliations were presumed to be from a high-income country if they contained any affiliation from a high-income country. In sensitivity analyses, these individuals were presumed to be from an African country if they contained any affiliation an African country. Differences in paper characteristics and representation of local coauthors are compared by collaborative type using χ² tests. Results Of the 7100 articles identified, 68.3% included collaborators from the USA, Canada, Europe and/or another African country. 54.0% of all 43 429 authors and 52.9% of 7100 first authors were from the country of the paper's focus. Representation dropped if any collaborators were from USA, Canada or Europe with the lowest representation for collaborators from top US universities-for these papers, 41.3% of all authors and 23.0% of first authors were from country of paper's focus. Local representation was highest with collaborators from another African country. 13.5% of all papers had no local coauthors. Discussion Individuals, institutions and funders from high-income countries should challenge persistent power differentials in global health research. South-South collaborations can help African researchers expand technical expertise while maintaining presence on the resulting research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Hedt-Gauthier
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Nicholas H Neufeld
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atalay Alem
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Sara Sauer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard University T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Yap Boum
- Epicentre, Médecins Sans Frontières, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Miriam Shuchman
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jimmy Volmink
- Department of Global Health and Dean's Office, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Abimbola S. The foreign gaze: authorship in academic global health. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e002068. [PMID: 31750005 PMCID: PMC6830280 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seye Abimbola
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Mbaye R, Gebeyehu R, Hossmann S, Mbarga N, Bih-Neh E, Eteki L, Thelma OA, Oyerinde A, Kiti G, Mburu Y, Haberer J, Siedner M, Okeke I, Boum Y. Who is telling the story? A systematic review of authorship for infectious disease research conducted in Africa, 1980-2016. BMJ Glob Health 2019; 4:e001855. [PMID: 31750001 PMCID: PMC6830283 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Africa contributes little to the biomedical literature despite its high burden of infectious diseases. Global health research partnerships aimed at addressing Africa-endemic disease may be polarised. Therefore, we assessed the contribution of researchers in Africa to research on six infectious diseases. Methods We reviewed publications on HIV and malaria (2013–2016), tuberculosis (2014–2016), salmonellosis, Ebola haemorrhagic fever and Buruli ulcer disease (1980–2016) conducted in Africa and indexed in the PubMed database using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses protocol. Papers reporting original research done in Africa with at least one laboratory test performed on biological samples were included. We studied African author proportion and placement per study type, disease, funding, study country and lingua franca. Results We included 1182 of 2871 retrieved articles that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 1109 (93.2%) had at least one Africa-based author, 552 (49.8%) had an African first author and 41.3% (n=458) an African last author. Papers on salmonellosis and tuberculosis had a higher proportion of African last authors (p<0.001) compared with the other diseases. Most of African first and last authors had an affiliation from an Anglophone country. HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and Ebola had the most extramurally funded studies (≥70%), but less than 10% of the acknowledged funding was from an African funder. Conclusion African researchers are under-represented in first and last authorship positions in papers published from research done in Africa. This calls for greater investment in capacity building and equitable research partnerships at every level of the global health community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mbaye
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Redeat Gebeyehu
- Department of Public Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Nicole Mbarga
- Department of Public Health, Universite Catholique de l'Afrique Centrale, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Cameroon Mission, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Estella Bih-Neh
- Department of Public Health, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Abiodun Oyerinde
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Gift Kiti
- Department of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Jessica Haberer
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark Siedner
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Iruka Okeke
- Department of Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yap Boum
- Epicentre, Yaounde, Centre, Cameroon.,Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Mooij R, Jurgens EMJ, van Dillen J, Stekelenburg J. The contribution of Dutch doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine to research in global health in low- and middle-income countries: an exploration of the evidence. Trop Doct 2019; 50:43-49. [DOI: 10.1177/0049475519878335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Results from medical research from high-income countries may not apply to low- and middle-income countries. Some expatriate physicians combine clinical duties with research. We present global health research conducted by Dutch medical doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine in low- and middle-income countries and explore the value of their research. We included all research conducted in the last 30 years by medical doctors in Global Health and Tropical Medicine in a low- and middle-income country, resulting in a PhD thesis. Articles and co-authors were found through Medline. More than half of the 18 identified PhD theses concerned maternal health and obstetrics, and the majority of the research was conducted in low-income countries, mostly in rural hospitals. Over 70 local co-authors were involved. Different aspects of these studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Mooij
- Medical Officer, Ndala Hospital, Ndala, United Republic of Tanzania
- Consultant, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Beatrix Hospital, Gorinchem, The Netherlands
- Researcher, University Medical Centre Groningen/University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther MJ Jurgens
- Consultant Global Health and Policy Advisor, The Netherlands Society for Tropical Medicine and International Health, The Netherlands
- Researcher, Department of Health, Ethics, and Society, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van Dillen
- Consultant, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Stekelenburg
- Consultant, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Leeuwarden Medical Centre, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
- Professor, University Medical Centre Groningen/University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Najjar W, Mouanness MA, Rameh G, Bazi T. International authorship in leading world journals on incontinence and pelvic floor disorders: Is it truly international? Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 241:104-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rees CA, Keating EM, Dearden KA, Haq H, Robison JA, Kazembe PN, Bourgeois FT, Niescierenko M. Importance of authorship and inappropriate authorship assignment in paediatric research in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:1229-1242. [DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris A. Rees
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Keating
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | | | - Heather Haq
- Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine Houston TX USA
| | - Jeff A. Robison
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine University of Utah Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Peter N. Kazembe
- Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation Malawi Lilongwe Malawi
| | - Florence T. Bourgeois
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Michelle Niescierenko
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Gasparyan AY, Yessirkepov M, Voronov AA, Koroleva AM, Kitas GD. Updated Editorial Guidance for Quality and Reliability of Research Output. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e247. [PMID: 30140192 PMCID: PMC6105773 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few years, updated editorial policy statements of several associations have provided a platform for improving the quality of scientific research and publishing. The updates have particularly pointed to the need for following research reporting standards, authorship and contributorship regulations, implementing digital tools for the identification and crediting academic contributors, and moving towards optimal ethical open-access models. This article overviews some of the recent editorial policy statements of global editorial associations and reflects on the role of the regional counterparts in advancing scholarly publishing. One of the globally promoted documents is the Recommendations of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE). Its latest versions contain statements on proper research reporting, reviewing, editing, and publishing. Points on ethical target journals and 'predatory' sources are also available. This year, in a move to update its editorial policy, the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) released the Core Practices, comprehensively reflecting on the major issues in publication ethics. Updated joint statements of medical writers associations are also available to implement transparent policy on contributorship in sponsor-supported research projects and related reports. Several suggestions are put forward to improve global editorial statements on online profiling, crediting, and referencing. It is also highlighted that knowledge and implementation of updated editorial guidance is essential for editors' good standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Yuri Gasparyan
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
| | - Marlen Yessirkepov
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander A. Voronov
- Department of Marketing and Trade Deals, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
| | - Anna M. Koroleva
- Department of Economics and Organization of Production, Industrial University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russian Federation
| | - George D. Kitas
- Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Schneider H, Maleka N. Patterns of authorship on community health workers in low-and-middle-income countries: an analysis of publications (2012-2016). BMJ Glob Health 2018; 3:e000797. [PMID: 29765777 PMCID: PMC5950650 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies of authorship provide a barometer of local research capacity and ownership of research, considered key to defining appropriate research priorities, developing contextualised responses to health problems and ensuring that research informs policy and practice. This paper reports on an analysis of patterns of research authorship of the now substantial literature on community health workers (CHWs) in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs) for the 5-year period: 2012–2016. Methods A search of five databases identified a total of 649 indexed publications reporting on CHWs in LMICs and meeting the inclusion criteria. The country, region and income classification of studies, affiliations (country, organisation) of lead (first) and last authors, proportions of all authors locally affiliated, programme area (eg, maternal child health) and funding source were extracted. Results The 649 papers reported experiences from 51 countries, 55% from middle-income countries (MICs) and 32% from low-income countries (LICs), with the remaining 13% multicountry studies. Overall, 47% and 54% of all the papers had a high-income country (HIC) lead and last author, respectively. Authorship followed three patterns: (1) a concentrated HIC pattern, with US-based authors numerically dominating LIC-based and multicountry studies; (2) an MIC pattern of autonomy, with a handful of countries—India, South Africa and Brazil, in particular—leading >70% of their CHW publications and (3) a pattern of unevenness among LICs in their lead authorship of publications varying from 14% (Malawi) to 54% (Uganda). Region, programme area and funding source were all associated with the distribution of authorship across country income categories. Conclusion The findings in this analysis mirror closely that of other authorship studies in global health. Collectively these provide a common message—that investments in global health programmes in the Millennium Development Goal era may have benefited health but not necessarily capacity for knowledge generation in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Schneider
- School of Public Health and SAMRC/UWC Health Services to Systems Research Unit, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nelisiwe Maleka
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Smart LR, Hernandez AG, Ware RE. Sickle cell disease: Translating clinical care to low-resource countries through international research collaborations. Semin Hematol 2018; 55:102-112. [PMID: 30616806 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of the world's population of children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) are born in low-resource settings, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, the Middle East, and India. As a result numerous well-established, cost-effective, and evidence-based strategies for managing SCD such as newborn screening, early education, vaccinations, screening for stroke prevention, and treatments with safe transfusions and hydroxyurea are often unavailable, leading to substantial morbidity and increased mortality. Collaborations between high-income countries and these low-resource settings (North-South partnerships) have been advocated, with the goal of improving clinical care. Based on directives promulgated by the World Health Organization, we have developed a strategy of developing prospective research programs that focus on training, capacity building, and local data collection. This strategy involves consideration of important guiding principles, full partnerships, proper planning, and financial issues before program launch, after which rigorous program management is required for full effect and long-term sustainability. Ultimately these collaborative research programs should help create national guidelines and lead to improved clinical care for all children and adults with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Smart
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Arielle G Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX
| | - Russell E Ware
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Global Health Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH.
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