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Ahmad S, Tabassum J, Sheng Z, Lv Y, Chen W, Zeb A, Dong N, Ali U, Shao G, Wei X, Hu S, Tang S. Loss-of-function of PGL10 impairs photosynthesis and tolerance to high-temperature stress in rice. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14369. [PMID: 38828612 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) affects the production of chlorophyll (Chl) pigment and inhibits cellular processes that impair photosynthesis, and growth and development in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying heat stress in rice are not fully understood yet. In this study, we identified two mutants varying in leaf color from the ethylmethanesulfonate mutant library of indica rice cv. Zhongjiazao-17, which showed pale-green leaf color and variegated leaf phenotype under HT conditions. Mut-map revealed that both mutants were allelic, and their phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene PALE GREEN LEAF 10 (PGL10) that encodes NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase B, which is required for the reduction of protochlorophyllide into chlorophyllide in light-dependent tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway-based Chl synthesis. Overexpression-based complementation and CRISPR/Cas9-based knockout analyses confirmed the results of Mut-map. Moreover, qRT-PCR-based expression analysis of PGL10 showed that it expresses in almost all plant parts with the lowest expression in root, followed by seed, third leaf, and then other green tissues in both mutants, pgl10a and pgl10b. Its protein localizes in chloroplasts, and the first 17 amino acids from N-terminus are responsible for signals in chloroplasts. Moreover, transcriptome analysis performed under HT conditions revealed that the genes involved in the Chl biosynthesis and degradation, photosynthesis, and reactive oxygen species detoxification were differentially expressed in mutants compared to WT. Thus, these results indicate that PGL10 is required for maintaining chloroplast function and plays an important role in rice adaptation to HT stress conditions by controlling photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmad
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Javaria Tabassum
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yusong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aqib Zeb
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nannan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Umed Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gaoneng Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
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Vedalankar P, Tripathy BC. Light dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase: a succinct look. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:719-731. [PMID: 38846463 PMCID: PMC11150229 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Reducing protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) is a major regulatory step in the chlorophyll biosynthesis pathway. This reaction is catalyzed by light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) in oxygenic phototrophs, particularly angiosperms. LPOR-NADPH and Pchlide form a ternary complex to be efficiently photo-transformed to synthesize Chlide and, subsequently, chlorophyll during the transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis. Besides lipids, carotenoids and poly-cis xanthophylls influence the formation of the photoactive LPOR complexes and the PLBs. The crystal structure of LPOR reveals evolutionarily conserved cysteine residues implicated in the Pchlide binding and catalysis around the active site. Different isoforms of LPOR viz PORA, PORB, and PORC expressed at different stages of chloroplast development play a photoprotective role by quickly transforming the photosensitive Pchlide to Chlide. Non-photo-transformed Pchlide acts as a photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen that causes oxidative stress and cell death. Therefore, different isoforms of LPOR have evolved and differentially expressed during plant development to protect plants from photodamage and thus play a pivotal role during photomorphogenesis. This review brings out the salient features of LPOR structure, structure-function relationships, and ultra-fast photo transformation of Pchlide to Chlide by oligomeric and polymeric forms of LPOR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baishnab C. Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310 India
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Ye XX, Chen YQ, Wu JS, Zhong HQ, Lin B, Huang ML, Fan RH. Biochemical and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Pigment Biosynthesis Influenced Chlorina Leaf Formation in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1040-1054. [PMID: 37528284 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10432-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl is a perennial herb of the Orchidaceae family; a yellow-green mutant and a yellow mutant were obtained from the wild type, thereby providing good material for the study of leaf color variation. Pigment content analysis revealed that chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanin were lower in the yellow-green and yellow mutants than in the wild type. Transcriptome analysis of the yellow mutant and wild type revealed that 78,712 unigenes were obtained, and 599 differentially expressed genes (120 upregulated and 479 downregulated) were identified. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, candidate genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway (five unigenes) and the chlorophyll metabolic pathway (two unigenes) were identified. Meanwhile, the low expression of the chlorophyll and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes resulted in the absence of chlorophylls and anthocyanins in the yellow mutant. This study provides a basis for similar research in other closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xian Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi-Quan Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-She Wu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Huai-Qin Zhong
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Bing Lin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Min-Ling Huang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Rong-Hui Fan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Science, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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4
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Sun Y, Li Q, Wu M, Wang Q, Zhang D, Gao Y. Rice PIFs: Critical regulators in rice development and stress response. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:1. [PMID: 38177976 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-023-01406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) belong to a subfamily of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors, which serve as a "hub" for development and growth of plants. They have the capability to regulate the expression of many downstream genes, integrate multiple signaling pathways, and act as a signaling center within the cell. In rice (Oryza sativa), the PIF family genes, known as OsPILs, play a crucial part in many different aspects. OsPILs play a crucial role in regulating various aspects of photomorphogenesis, skotomorphogenesis, plant growth, and development in rice. These vital processes include chlorophyll synthesis, plant gravitropism, plant height, flowering, and response to abiotic stress factors such as low temperature, drought, and high salt. Additionally, OsPILs are involved in controlling several important agronomic traits in rice. Some OsPILs members coordinate with each other to function. This review summarizes and prospects the latest research progress on the biological functions of OsPILs transcription factors and provides a reference for further exploring the functions and mechanism of OsPILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qian Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Meidi Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Qingwen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/ Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Lim C, Kim Y, Shim Y, Cho SH, Yang TJ, Song YH, Kang K, Paek NC. Rice OsGATA16 is a positive regulator for chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:599-615. [PMID: 37902786 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are essential organelles in plants that contain chlorophylls and facilitate photosynthesis for growth and development. As photosynthetic efficiency significantly impacts crop productivity, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of chloroplast development has been crucial in increasing grain and biomass production. This study demonstrates the involvement of OsGATA16, an ortholog of Arabidopsis GATA, NITRATE INDUCIBLE, CARBON-METABOLISM INVOLVED (GNC), and GNC-LIKE/CYTOKININ-RESPONSIVE GATA FACTOR 1 (GNL/CGA1), in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice (Oryza sativa). The osgata16-1 knockdown mutants produced pale-green leaves, while OsGATA16-overexpressed plants (OsGATA16-OE1) generated dark-green leaves, compared to their parental japonica rice. Reverse transcription and quantitative PCR analysis revealed downregulation of genes related to chloroplast division, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photosynthesis in the leaves of osgata16-1 and upregulation in those of OsGATA16-OE1. Additionally, in vivo binding assays showed that OsGATA16 directly binds to the promoter regions of OsHEMA, OsCHLH, OsPORA, OsPORB, and OsFtsZ, and upregulates their expression. These findings indicate that OsGATA16 serves as a positive regulator controlling chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaemyeong Lim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngoh Kim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Shim
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Cho
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hun Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyoon Kang
- Division of Life Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Chon Paek
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu YY, Wang LL, Lin YL, Li X, Liu XF, Xu ZH, Fu BL, Wang WQ, Allan AC, Tu MY, Yin XR. AcHZP45 is a repressor of chlorophyll biosynthesis and activator of chlorophyll degradation in kiwifruit. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:204-218. [PMID: 37712824 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of chlorophyll during fruit development is essential to reveal a more 'ripe' color that signals readiness to wild dispersers of seeds and the human consumer. Here, comparative biochemical analysis of developing fruit of Actinidia deliciosa cv. Xuxiang ('XX', green-fleshed) and Actinidia chinensis cv. Jinshi No.1 ('JS', yellow-fleshed) indicated that variation in chlorophyll content is the major contributor to differences in flesh color. Four differentially expressed candidate genes were identified: the down-regulated genes AcCRD1 and AcPOR1 involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, and the up-regulated genes AcSGR1 and AcSGR2 driving chlorophyll degradation. Prochlorophyllide and chlorophyllide, the metabolites produced by AcCRD1 and AcPOR1, progressively reduced in 'JS', but not in 'XX', indicating that chlorophyll biosynthesis was less active in yellow-fleshed fruit. AcSGR1 and AcSGR2 were verified to be involved in chlorophyll degradation, using both transient expression in tobacco and stable overexpression in kiwifruit. Furthermore, a homeobox-leucine zipper (HD-Zip II), AcHZP45, showed significantly increased expression during 'JS' fruit ripening, which led to both repressed expression of AcCRD1 and AcPOR1 and activated expression of AcSGR1 and AcSGR2. Collectively, the present study indicated that different dynamics of chlorophyll biosynthesis and degradation coordinate the changes in chlorophyll content in kiwifruit flesh, which are orchestrated by the key transcription factor AcHZP45.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Wu
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling-Li Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Yi-Lai Lin
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Liu
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zi-Hong Xu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Bei-Ling Fu
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wen-Qiu Wang
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Mei-Yan Tu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Creation in Southwestern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wang Q, Zhang H, Wei L, Guo R, Liu X, Zhang M, Fan J, Liu S, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Yellow-Green Leaf 19 Encoding a Specific and Conservative Protein for Photosynthetic Organisms Affects Tetrapyrrole Biosynthesis, Photosynthesis, and Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16762. [PMID: 38069084 PMCID: PMC10706213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the main photosynthetic pigment and is crucial for plant photosynthesis. Leaf color mutants are widely used to identify genes involved in the synthesis or metabolism of chlorophyll. In this study, a spontaneous mutant, yellow-green leaf 19 (ygl19), was isolated from rice (Oryza sativa). This ygl19 mutant showed yellow-green leaves and decreased chlorophyll level and net photosynthetic rate. Brown necrotic spots appeared on the surface of ygl19 leaves at the tillering stage. And the agronomic traits of the ygl19 mutant, including the plant height, tiller number per plant, and total number of grains per plant, were significantly reduced. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate YGL19 gene was LOC_Os03g21370. Complementation of the ygl19 mutant with the wild-type CDS of LOC_Os03g21370 led to the restoration of the mutant to the normal phenotype. Evolutionary analysis revealed that YGL19 protein and its homologues were unique for photoautotrophs, containing a conserved Ycf54 functional domain. A conserved amino acid substitution from proline to serine on the Ycf54 domain led to the ygl19 mutation. Sequence analysis of the YGL19 gene in 4726 rice accessions found that the YGL19 gene was conserved in natural rice variants with no resulting amino acid variation. The YGL19 gene was mainly expressed in green tissues, especially in leaf organs. And the YGL19 protein was localized in the chloroplast for function. Gene expression analysis via qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of tetrapyrrole synthesis-related genes and photosynthesis-related genes were regulated in the ygl19 mutant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide accumulated in spotted leaves of the ygl19 mutant at the tillering stage, accompanied by the regulation of ROS scavenging enzyme-encoding genes and ROS-responsive defense signaling genes. This study demonstrates that a novel yellow-green leaf gene YGL19 affects tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and ROS metabolism in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Lingxia Wei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuanzhi Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (X.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Jiangmin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; (Q.W.); (H.Z.); (L.W.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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8
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Yao Y, Zhang H, Guo R, Fan J, Liu S, Liao J, Huang Y, Wang Z. Physiological, Cytological, and Transcriptomic Analysis of Magnesium Protoporphyrin IX Methyltransferase Mutant Reveal Complex Genetic Regulatory Network Linking Chlorophyll Synthesis and Chloroplast Development in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3785. [PMID: 37960141 PMCID: PMC10649015 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional defects in key genes for chlorophyll synthesis usually cause abnormal chloroplast development, but the genetic regulatory network for these key genes in regulating chloroplast development is still unclear. Magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (ChlM) is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the process of chlorophyll synthesis. Physiological analysis showed that the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents were significantly decreased in the chlm mutant. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the chloroplasts of the chlm mutant were not well developed, with poor, loose, and indistinct thylakoid membranes. Hormone content analysis found that jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and auxin accumulated in the mutant. A comparative transcriptome profiling identified 1534 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between chlm and the wild type, including 876 up-regulated genes and 658 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that these DEGs were highly involved in chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis. Protein-protein interaction network analysis found that protein translation played an essential role in the ChlM gene-regulated process. Specifically, 62 and 6 DEGs were annotated to regulate chlorophyll and carotenoid metabolism, respectively; 278 DEGs were predicted to be involved in regulating chloroplast development; 59 DEGs were found to regulate hormone regulatory pathways; 192 DEGs were annotated to regulate signal pathways; and 49 DEGs were putatively identified as transcription factors. Dozens of these genes have been well studied and reported to play essential roles in chlorophyll accumulation or chloroplast development, providing direct evidence for the reliability of the role of the identified DEGs. These findings suggest that chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development are actively regulated by the ChlM gene. And it is suggested that hormones, signal pathways, and transcription regulation were all involved in these regulation processes. The accuracy of transcriptome data was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. This study reveals a complex genetic regulatory network of the ChlM gene regulating chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development. The ChlM gene's role in retrograde signaling was discussed. Jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, or their derivatives in a certain unknown state were proposed as retrograde signaling molecules in one of the signaling pathways from the chloroplast to nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Rong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jiangmin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jianglin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingjin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhaohai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Ministry of Education of the P.R. China, Nanchang 330045, China; (Y.Y.); (H.Z.); (R.G.); (J.F.); (S.L.); (J.L.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Agriculture Responding to Climate Change (Jiangxi Agricultural University), Nanchang 330045, China
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9
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Zhang H, Zhang W, Xiang F, Zhang Z, Guo Y, Chen T, Duan F, Zhou Q, Li X, Fang M, Li X, Li B, Zhao X. Photosynthetic characteristics and genetic mapping of a new yellow leaf mutant crm1 in Brassica napus. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:80. [PMID: 37954030 PMCID: PMC10635920 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01429-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is one of the key factors for photosynthesis and plays an important role in plant growth and development. We previously isolated an EMS mutagenized rapeseed chlorophyll-reduced mutant (crm1), which had yellow leaf, reduced chlorophyll content and fewer thylakoid stacks. Here, we found that crm1 showed attenuated utilization efficiency of both light energy and CO2 but enhanced heat dissipation efficiency and greater tolerance to high-light intensity. BSA-Seq analysis identified a single nucleotide change (C to T) and (G to A) in the third exon of the BnaA01G0094500ZS and BnaC01G0116100ZS, respectively. These two genes encode the magnesium chelatase subunit I 1 (CHLI1) that catalyzes the insertion of magnesium into protoporphyrin IX, a pivotal step in chlorophyll synthesis. The mutation sites resulted in an amino acid substitution P144S and G128E within the AAA+ domain of the CHLI1 protein. Two KASP markers were developed and co-segregated with the yellow leaf phenotype in segregating F2 population. Loss of BnaA01.CHLI1 and BnaC01.CHLI1 by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing recapitulated the mutant phenotype. BnaA01.CHLI1 and BnaC01.CHLI1 were located in chloroplast and highly expressed in the leaves. Furthermore, RNA-seq analyses revealed the expression of chlorophyll synthesis-related genes were upregulated in the crm1 mutant. These findings provide a new insight into the regulatory mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis in rapeseed and suggest a novel target for improving the photosynthetic efficiency and tolerance to high-light intensity in crops. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01429-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128 Hunan China
| | - Fujiang Xiang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Zhengfeng Zhang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Yiming Guo
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Tingzhou Chen
- Hunan Cotton Research Institute, Changde, 415100 Hunan China
| | - Feifei Duan
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | | | - Xinmei Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Bao Li
- Crop Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125 China
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
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10
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Gao Y, Shi X, Chang Y, Li Y, Xiong X, Liu H, Li M, Li W, Zhang X, Fu Z, Xue Y, Tang J. Mapping the gene of a maize leaf senescence mutant and understanding the senescence pathways by expression analysis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2023; 42:1651-1663. [PMID: 37498331 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-023-03051-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGES Narrowing down to a single putative target gene behind a leaf senescence mutant and constructing the regulation network by proteomic method. Leaf senescence mutant is an important resource for exploring molecular mechanism of aging. To dig for potential modulation networks during maize leaf aging process, we delimited the gene responsible for a premature leaf senescence mutant els5 to a 1.1 Mb interval in the B73 reference genome using a BC1F1 population with 40,000 plants, and analyzed the leaf proteomics of the mutant and its near-isogenic wild type line. A total of 1355 differentially accumulated proteins (DAP) were mainly enriched in regulation pathways such as "photosynthesis", "ribosome", and "porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism" by the KEGG pathway analysis. The interaction networks constructed by incorporation of transcriptome data showed that ZmELS5 likely repaired several key factors in the photosynthesis system. The putative candidate proteins for els5 were proposed based on DAPs in the fined QTL mapping interval. These results provide fundamental basis for cloning and functional research of the els5 gene, and new insights into the molecular mechanism of leaf senescence in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yongyuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuehang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Weihua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xuehai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yadong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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11
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Du J, Wang J, Shan S, Mi T, Song Y, Xia Y, Ma S, Zhang G, Ma L, Niu N. Low-Temperature-Mediated Promoter Methylation Relates to the Expression of TaPOR2D, Affecting the Level of Chlorophyll Accumulation in Albino Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14697. [PMID: 37834145 PMCID: PMC10573025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll is an indispensable photoreceptor in plant photosynthesis. Its anabolic imbalance is detrimental to individual growth and development. As an essential epigenetic modification, DNA methylation can induce phenotypic variations, such as leaf color transformation, by regulating gene expression. Albino line XN1376B is a natural mutation of winter wheat cultivar XN1376; however, the regulatory mechanism of its albinism is still unclear. In this study, we found that low temperatures induced albinism in XN1376B. The number of chloroplasts decreased as the phenomenon of bleaching intensified and the fence tissue and sponge tissue slowly dissolved. We identified six distinct TaPOR (protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase) genes in the wheat genome, and TaPOR2D was deemed to be related to the phenomenon of albinism based on the expression in different color leaves (green leaves, white leaves and returned green leaves) and the analysis of promoters' cis-acting elements. TaPOR2D was localized to chloroplasts. TaPOR2D overexpression (TaPOR2D-OE) enhanced the chlorophyll significantly in Arabidopsis, especially at two weeks; the amount of chlorophyll was 6.46 mg/L higher than in WT. The methylation rate of the TaPOR2D promoter in low-temperature albino leaves is as high as 93%, whereas there was no methylation in green leaves. Correspondingly, three DNA methyltransferase genes (TaMET1, TaDRM and TaCMT) were up-regulated in white leaves. Our study clarified that the expression of TaPOR2D is associated with its promoter methylation at a low temperature; it affects the level of chlorophyll accumulation, which probably causes the abnormal development of plant chloroplasts in albino wheat XN1376B. The results provide a theoretical basis for in-depth analysis of the regulation of development of plant chloroplasts and color variation in wheat XN1376B leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Du
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Junwei Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Sicong Shan
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Tian Mi
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yulong Song
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yu Xia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Shoucai Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Gaisheng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Lingjian Ma
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Na Niu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (J.D.); (J.W.); (S.S.); (T.M.); (Y.S.); (Y.X.); (S.M.); (G.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis of Shaanxi Province, Xianyang 712100, China
- Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education, Xianyang 712100, China
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12
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Zhao M, Guo Y, Sun H, Dai J, Peng X, Wu X, Yun H, Zhang L, Qian Y, Li X, He G, Zhang C. Lesion mimic mutant 8 balances disease resistance and growth in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189926. [PMID: 37342136 PMCID: PMC10278592 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Lesion-mimic mutants (LMM) spontaneously produce necrotic spots, a process not affected by environmental stress or pathogen infection. In this study, we identified a LMM, lesion mimic mutant 8 (lmm8) in rice (Oryza sativa). The lmm8 mutant produces brown and off-white lesions on its leaves during the second- and third-leaf stages. The lesion mimic phenotype of the lmm8 mutant was enhanced by light. At the mature stage, lmm8 mutant are shorter and exhibit inferior agronomic traits than the wild type. Contents of photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast fluorescence were significantly reduced in lmm8 leaves, along with increased production of reactive oxygen species and programmed cell death compared to the wild type. The mutated gene was identified as LMM8 (LOC_Os01g18320) by map-based cloning. A point mutation occurred in LMM8, causing a Leu to Arg mutation of the 146th amino acid of LMM8. It is an allele of SPRL1, encoding a protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPOX) located in chloroplasts and involved in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole in chloroplasts. The lmm8 mutant showed enhanced resistance and broad-spectrum resistance. Together, our results demonstrate the importance of rice LMM8 protein in defense responses and plant growth in rice, and provides theoretical support for resistance breeding to improve rice yield.
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13
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Su X, Yue X, Kong M, Xie Z, Yan J, Ma W, Wang Y, Zhao J, Zhang X, Liu M. Leaf Color Classification and Expression Analysis of Photosynthesis-Related Genes in Inbred Lines of Chinese Cabbage Displaying Minor Variations in Dark-Green Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112124. [PMID: 37299103 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of the Chinese cabbage which is most widely consumed come in a wide variety of colors. Leaves that are dark green can promote photosynthesis, effectively improving crop yield, and therefore hold important application and cultivation value. In this study, we selected nine inbred lines of Chinese cabbage displaying slight differences in leaf color, and graded the leaf color using the reflectance spectra. We clarified the differences in gene sequences and the protein structure of ferrochelatase 2 (BrFC2) among the nine inbred lines, and used qRT-PCR to analyze the expression differences of photosynthesis-related genes in inbred lines with minor variations in dark-green leaves. We found expression differences among the inbred lines of Chinese cabbage in photosynthesis-related genes involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, as well as in photosynthesis and photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway. Chlorophyll b content was significantly positively correlated with the expression of PsbQ, LHCA1_1 and LHCB6_1, while chlorophyll a content was significantly negatively correlated with the expression PsbQ, LHCA1_1 and LHCA1_2. Our results provide an empirical basis for the precise identification of candidate genes and a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the production of dark-green leaves in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaonan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ziwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jinghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
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14
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Han H, Zhou Y, Liu H, Chen X, Wang Q, Zhuang H, Sun X, Ling Q, Zhang H, Wang B, Wang J, Tang Y, Wang H, Liu H. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis Provides Insight into Leaf Color and Photosynthesis Variation of the Yellow-Green Leaf Mutant of Hami Melon ( Cucumis melo L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1623. [PMID: 37111847 PMCID: PMC10143263 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Leaf color mutants are ideal materials for studying the regulatory mechanism of chloroplast development and photosynthesis. We isolated a cucumis melo spontaneous mutant (MT), which showed yellow-green leaf phenotype in the whole growing period and could be inherited stably. We compared its leaves with the wild type (WT) in terms of cytology, physiology, transcriptome and metabolism. The results showed that the thylakoid grana lamellae of MT were loosely arranged and fewer in number than WT. Physiological experiments also showed that MT had less chlorophyll content and more accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than WT. Furthermore, the activity of several key enzymes in C4 photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathway was more enhanced in MT than WT. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that differential expression genes and differentially accumulated metabolites in MT were mainly co-enriched in the pathways related to photosystem-antenna proteins, central carbon metabolism, glutathione metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid metabolism. We also analyzed several key proteins in photosynthesis and chloroplast transport by Western blot. In summary, the results may provide a new insight into the understanding of how plants respond to the impaired photosynthesis by regulating chloroplast development and photosynthetic carbon assimilation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Han
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Xianjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Hongmei Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Xiaoxia Sun
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
| | - Qihua Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
| | - Baike Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement in Xinjiang, Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (H.H.)
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15
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Liu L, Wang Y, Tian Y, Song S, Wu Z, Ding X, Zheng H, Huang Y, Liu S, Dong X, Wan J, Liu L. Isolation and Characterization of SPOTTED LEAF42 Encoding a Porphobilinogen Deaminase in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:403. [PMID: 36679117 PMCID: PMC9866984 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation and development of chloroplasts play a vital role in the breeding of high-yield rice (Oryza sativa L.). Porphobilinogen deaminases (PBGDs) act in the early stage of chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. However, the role of PBGDs in chloroplast development and chlorophyll production remains elusive in rice. Here, we identified the spotted leaf 42 (spl42) mutant, which exhibited a reddish-brown spotted leaf phenotype. The mutant showed a significantly lower chlorophyll content, abnormal thylakoid morphology, and elevated activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes. Consistently, multiple genes related to chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated, whereas many genes involved in leaf senescence, ROS production, and defense responses were upregulated in the spl42 mutant. Map-based cloning revealed that SPL42 encodes a PBGD. A C-to-T base substitution occurred in spl42, resulting in an amino acid change and significantly reduced PBGD enzyme activity. SPL42 targets to the chloroplast and interacts with the multiple organelle RNA editing factors (MORFs) OsMORF8-1 and OsMORF8-2 to affect RNA editing. The identification and characterization of spl42 helps in elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with chlorophyll synthesis and RNA editing in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Wang L, Yang C, Shan Q, Zhao M, Yu J, Li YF. Transcriptome-wide profiling of mRNA N 6-methyladenosine modification in rice panicles and flag leaves. Genomics 2023; 115:110542. [PMID: 36535337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is essential for plant growth and development. Exploring m6A methylation patterns in rice tissues is fundamental to understanding the regulatory effects of this modification. Here, we profiled the transcriptome-wide m6A landscapes of rice panicles at the booting stage (PB) and flowering stage (PF), and of flag leaves at the flowering stage (LF). The global m6A level differed significantly among the three tissues and was closely associated with the expression of writer and eraser genes. The methylated gene ratio was higher in the flag leaves than in the panicles. Compared with commonly methylated genes, tissue-specific methylated genes showed lower levels of both m6A modification and expression, and a preference for m6A deposition in the coding sequence region. The m6A profiles of the two organs had more distinct differences than the profiles of the same organ at different stages. A negative correlation between m6A levels and gene expression was observed in PF vs. PB but not in PF vs. LF, indicting the complicated regulatory effect of m6A on gene expression. The distinct expression patterns of m6A reader genes in different tissues indicate that readers may affect gene stability through binding. Overall, our findings demonstrated that m6A modification influences tissue function by regulating gene expression. Our findings provide valuable insights on the regulation and biological functions of m6A modifications in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
| | - Chenhui Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Qianru Shan
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Miao Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China
| | - Yong-Fang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, PR China.
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17
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Li C, Ran M, Liu J, Wang X, Wu Q, Zhang Q, Yang J, Yi F, Zhang H, Zhu JK, Zhao C. Functional analysis of CqPORB in the regulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis in Chenopodium quinoa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1083438. [PMID: 36578328 PMCID: PMC9791128 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1083438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) plays a key role in catalyzing the light-dependent reduction of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide), and thus promotes the transit from etiolated seedlings to green plants. In this study, by exploring ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mediated mutagenesis in Chenopodium quinoa NL-6 variety, we identified a mutant nl6-35 that displays faded green leaf and reduced chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoid contents. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) revealed that a mutation in CqPORB gene is genetically associated with the faded green leaf of the nl6-35 mutant. Further study indicates that the nl6-35 mutant exhibits abnormal grana stacks and compromised conversion of Pchlide to Chlide upon illumination, suggesting the important role of CqPORB in producing photoactive Pchlide. Totally three CqPOR isoforms, including CqPORA, CqPORA-like, and CqPORB are identified in NL-6 variety. Transcriptional analysis shows that the expression of all these three CqPOR isoforms is regulated in light- and development-dependent manners, and in mature quinoa plants only CqPORB isoform is predominantly expressed. Subcellular localization analysis indicates that CqPORB is exclusively localized in chloroplast. Together, our study elucidates the important role of CqPORB in the regulation of Chl biosynthesis and chloroplast development in quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Minyuan Ran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingbing Wu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Bright Agricultural Development (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Bright Agricultural Development (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yi
- Bright Agricultural Development (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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18
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Liu M, Ma W, Su X, Zhang X, Lu Y, Zhang S, Yan J, Feng D, Ma L, Taylor A, Ge Y, Cheng Q, Xu K, Wang Y, Li N, Gu A, Zhang J, Luo S, Xuan S, Chen X, Scrutton NS, Li C, Zhao J, Shen S. Mutation in a chlorophyll-binding motif of Brassica ferrochelatase enhances both heme and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111758. [PMID: 36476857 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme branch of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis contributes to the regulation of chlorophyll levels. However, the mechanism underlying the balance between chlorophyll and heme synthesis remains elusive. Here, we identify a dark green leaf mutant, dg, from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant library of Chinese cabbage. The dg phenotype is caused by an amino acid substitution in the conserved chlorophyll a/b-binding motif (CAB) of ferrochelatase 2 (BrFC2). This mutation increases the formation of BrFC2 homodimer to promote heme production. Moreover, wild-type BrFC2 and dBrFC2 interact with protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) oxidoreductase B1 and B2 (BrPORB1 and BrPORB2), and dBrFC2 exhibits higher binding ability to substrate Pchlide, thereby promoting BrPORBs-catalyzed production of chlorophyllide (Chlide), which can be directly converted into chlorophyll. Our results show that dBrFC2 is a gain-of-function mutation contributing to balancing heme and chlorophyll synthesis via a regulatory mechanism in which dBrFC2 promotes BrPORB enzymatic reaction to enhance chlorophyll synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiangjie Su
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shaowei Zhang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jinghui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Daling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Lisong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Aoife Taylor
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Yunjia Ge
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Kedong Xu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Aixia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China
| | - Shuangxia Luo
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shuxin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xueping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Nigel S Scrutton
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Chengwei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding & Bioreactor, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Molecular Breeding, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, China; College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
| | - Shuxing Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
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Zhou W, Xin J, Tian R. Photosynthetic response, antioxidase activity, and cadmium uptake and translocation in Monochoria korsakowii with cadmium exposure. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2974-2986. [PMID: 36515200 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To identify the tolerance mechanisms of wetland plants exposed to heavy metal, a hydroponic experiment was used to investigate variations in photosynthetically physiological parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of Monochoria korsakowii exposed to 0.05, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 mM Cd2+ for 7 d. The Cd2+ concentrations in the plant roots, stems, and leaves were also investigated. Cd2+ exposure significantly decreased the total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and stomatal conductance, while stomatal limitation value had the opposite trend (P < 0.05). During Cd2+ stress, ascorbate peroxidase activity significantly increased (P < 0.05). The translocation factor for Cd2+ was significantly lower than that of the control, and both were less than 1 (P < 0.05). Cd2+ stress damaged the photosynthetic apparatus in the leaves. During Cd2+ stress, M. korsakowii alleviated oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as APX. Under 0.45 mM Cd2+ stress, increased heat dissipation was responsible for alleviating the photooxidative damage to photosynthetic organs in the leaves. Meanwhile, the majority of Cd2+ was immobilized in the roots, thus alleviating excessive Cd2+ phytotoxicity in the aboveground parts. Generally, M. korsakowii has potential application in the phytoremediation of low-cadmium-polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianpan Xin
- The authors contributed equally to this work
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20
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Zhu Y, Yuan G, Wang Y, An G, Li W, Liu J, Sun D. Mapping and functional verification of leaf yellowing genes in watermelon during whole growth period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1049114. [PMID: 36340411 PMCID: PMC9627507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1049114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing light energy utilization efficiency is an effective way to increase yield and improve quality of watermelon. Leaf is the main place for photosynthesis, and the color of leaf is directly related to the change of photosynthesis. In addition, leaf yellowing can be used as a marker trait to play an important role in watermelon hybrid breeding and improve seed breeding. It can not only be used to eliminate hybrids at seedling stage, but also be used to determine seed purity. In this study, transcriptome analysis was first carried out using the whole growth period leaf yellowing watermelon mutant w-yl and inbred line ZK, and identified 2,471 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison group w-yl-vs-ZK. Among the top 20 terms of the gene ontology (GO) enrichment pathway, 17 terms were related to photosynthesis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the most abundant pathway was photosynthesis-antenna proteins. The F2 population was constructed by conventional hybridization with the inbred line ZK. Genetic analysis showed that leaf yellowing of the mutant was controlled by a single recessive gene. The leaf yellowing gene of watermelon located between Ind14,179,011 and InD16,396,362 on chromosome 2 by using indel-specific PCR markers, with a region of 2.217 Mb. In the interval, it was found that five genes may have gene fragment deletion in w-yl, among which Cla97C02G036010, Cla97C02G036030, Cla97C02G036040, Cla97C02G036050 were the whole fragment loss, and Cla97C02G0360 was the C-terminal partial base loss. Gene function verification results showed that Cla97C02G036040, Cla97C02G036050 and Cla97C02G036060 may be the key factors leading to yellowing of w-yl leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Gaopeng Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guolin An
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junpu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
- Western Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, China
| | - Dexi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Genetic Resource Evaluation and Application of Horticultural Crops (Fruit), Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
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21
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Zhang S, Chen K, Anwar A, Wang Y, Yao S, Chen R, Song S, Su W. BcGRP23: A novel gene involved in the chlorophyll metabolic pathway that is activated by BES1 in flowering Chinese cabbage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010470. [PMID: 36352860 PMCID: PMC9639331 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) are a large family of proteins that play vital roles in cell wall remodeling, metabolism and development, and abiotic stress response. Although the functions of GRPs in cell wall remodeling have been extensively characterized, only a few studies have explored their effects on chlorophyll metabolism and hormone response. Accordingly, we aimed to determine the molecular mechanism of BcGRP23 and its role in chlorophyll metabolism and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) signaling pathway in flowering Chinese cabbage. The expression levels of BcGRP23 in the leaves and stems gradually decreased with increasing growth and development of flowering Chinese cabbage, while BcGRP23 was barely expressed after flowering. As plant growth continued, the GUS (β-glucuronidase) stain gradually became lighter in hypocotyls and was largely free of growth points. The petioles and stems of BcGRP23-silenced plants lost their green color, and the contents of chlorophyll a (Chl a) and Chl b were significantly reduced. Further research revealed that the expression levels of chlorophyll degradation-related genes were significantly increased in silenced plants compared with the control; however, the opposite was noted for the BcGRP23-overexpressing lines. The BcGRP23 promoter sequence contains numerous hormone-responsive elements. In fact, the expression of BcGRP23 was upregulated in flowering Chinese cabbage following treatment with the hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellin (GA), 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and brassinosteroid (BR). Treatment with BR led to the most significant upregulation. BES1, in response to BRs, directly activated the BcGRP23 promoter. Overall, BcGRP23 regulated the expression of chlorophyll degradation-related genes, thereby affecting the chlorophyll content. Furthermore, the expression of BcGRP23 was significantly regulated by exogenous BR application and was directly activated by BES1. These findings preliminarily suggest the molecular mechanism and regulatory pathway of BcGRP23 in the growth and development of flowering Chinese cabbage plants and their response to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kemin Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ali Anwar
- Institute of Vegetables, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yudan Wang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Yao
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Riyuan Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Song
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Su
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Shen Y, Chen M, Hong J, Xiong W, Xiong H, Wu X, Hu L, Xiao Y. Identification and characterization of tsyl1, a thermosensitive chlorophyll-deficient mutant in rice (Oryza sativa). JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 277:153782. [PMID: 35963041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis are affected by temperature. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of this phenomenon remains elusive. Here, we isolated and characterized a thermosensitive yellow-green leaf mutant named tsyl1 (thermosensitive yellow leaf 1) from an ethylmethylsulfone (EMS)-mutagenized pool of rice. The mutant exhibits a yellow-green leaf phenotype and decreased leaf chlorophyll contents throughout development. At the mature stage of the tsyl1 mutant, the plant height, tiller number, number of spikelets per panicle and 1000 seed weight were decreased significantly compared to those of wild-type plants, but the seed setting rate and panicle length were not. The mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene on the short arm of rice chromosome 11. Map-based cloning of TSYL1, followed by a complementation experiment, showed a G base deletion at the coding region of LOC_Os11g05552, leading to the yellow-green phenotype. The TSYL1 gene encodes a signal recognition particle 54 kDa (SRP54) protein that is conserved in all organisms. The expression of tsyl1 was induced by high temperature. Furthermore, the expression of chlorophyll biosynthesis- and chloroplast development-related genes was influenced in tsyl1 at different temperatures. These results indicated that the TSYL1 gene plays a key role in chlorophyll biosynthesis and is affected by temperature at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Shen
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China; Nanchang Branch of Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China; National Engineering Research Center of Rice, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Mingliang Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Jun Hong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Wentao Xiong
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Huanjin Xiong
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Lanxiang Hu
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
| | - Yeqing Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330200, China.
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Ye S, Yang J, Huang Y, Liu J, Ma X, Zhao L, Ma C, Tu J, Shen J, Fu T, Wen J. Bulk segregant analysis-sequencing and RNA-Seq analyses reveal candidate genes associated with albino phenotype in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:994616. [PMID: 36119587 PMCID: PMC9478516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.994616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Inheritable albino mutants are excellent models for exploring the mechanism of chloroplast biogenesis and development. However, only a few non-lethal albino mutations have been reported to date in Brassica species. Here, we describe a resynthesized Brassica napus mutant, whose leaf, stem, and silique tissues showed an inheritable albino phenotype under field conditions after the bud stage but green phenotype in the greenhouse during the whole growing season, indicating that the albino phenotype depends on environmental conditions. Compared with the green leaves of the field-grown wild-type (GL) and greenhouse-grown mutant (WGL) plants, white leaves of the field-grown mutant (WL) showed significantly lower chlorophyll contents and structural defects in chloroplasts. Genetic analysis revealed that the albino phenotype of WL is recessive and is controlled by multiple genes. Bulk segregant analysis-sequencing (BSA-Seq) indicated that the candidate regions responsible for the albino phenotype spanned a total physical distance of approximately 49.68 Mb on chromosomes A03, A07, A08, C03, C04, C06, and C07. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms that control chloroplast development in B. napus, we performed transcriptome (RNA-Seq) analysis of GL, WGL, and WL samples. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses suggested that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with leaf color were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, ribosome biogenesis and chlorophyll metabolism. Further analysis indicated that DEGs involved in chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism were likely the main factors responsible for the albino phenotype in B. napus. A total of 59 DEGs were screened in the candidate regions, and four DEGs (BnaC03G0522600NO, BnaC07G0481600NO, BnaC07G0497800NO, and BnaA08G0016300NO) were identified as the most likely candidates responsible for the albino phenotype. Altogether, this study provides clues for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying chloroplast development in B. napus.
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Comparative Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analyses Reveal the Coordinated Mechanisms in Pinus koraiensis under Different Light Stress Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179556. [PMID: 36076949 PMCID: PMC9455776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Light is one of the most important environmental cues that affects plant development and regulates its behavior. Light stress directly inhibits physiological responses and plant tissue development and even induces mortality in plants. Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) is an evergreen conifer species widely planted in northeast China that has important economic and ecological value. However, the effects of light stress on the growth and development of Korean pine are still unclear. In this study, the effects of different shading conditions on physiological indices, molecular mechanisms and metabolites of Korean pine were explored. The results showed that auxin, gibberellin and abscisic acid were significantly increased under all shading conditions compared with the control. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid also increased as the shading degree increased. Moreover, a total of 8556, 3751 and 6990 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found between the control and HS (heavy shade), control and LS (light shade), LS vs. HS, respectively. Notably, most DEGs were assigned to pathways of phytohormone signaling, photosynthesis, carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis under light stress. The transcription factors MYB-related, AP2-ERF and bHLH specifically increased expression during light stress. A total of 911 metabolites were identified, and 243 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected, among which flavonoid biosynthesis (naringenin chalcone, dihydrokaempferol and kaempferol) metabolites were significantly different under light stress. These results will provide a theoretical basis for the response of P. koraiensis to different light stresses.
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Yan J, Fang Y, Xue D. Advances in the Genetic Basis and Molecular Mechanism of Lesion Mimic Formation in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162169. [PMID: 36015472 PMCID: PMC9412831 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant lesion mutation usually refers to the phenomenon of cell death in green tissues before senescence in the absence of external stress, and such mutants also show enhanced resistance to some plant pathogens. The occurrence of lesion mimic mutants in rice is affected by gene mutation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, an uncontrolled programmed cell death system, and abiotic stress. At present, many lesion mimic mutants have been identified in rice, and some genes have been functionally analyzed. This study reviews the occurrence mechanism of lesion mimic mutants in rice. It analyzes the function of rice lesion mimic mutant genes to elucidate the molecular regulation pathways of rice lesion mimic mutants in regulating plant disease resistance.
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26
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Jin F, Hua M, Song L, Cui S, Sun H, Kong W, Hao Z. Transcriptome analysis of gene expression in the tomato leaf premature senescence mutant. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1501-1513. [PMID: 36389094 PMCID: PMC9530104 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Premature senescence of leaves can critically influence tomato yield and quality. In this study, the leaf premature senescence mutant MT318 was a spontaneous mutant and was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. The maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and chlorophyll content in the leaves of mutant MT318 gradually decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly increased. Under the level 2 category, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that 45 terms were enriched, comprising 22 in biological process, 12 in cellular component, and 11 in molecular function. Genes are mainly involved in the metabolic processes (696 differentially expressed genes, DEGs), cellular processes (573 DEGs), single-organism processes (503 DEGs), and catalytic activity (675 DEGs). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated that the 4 pathways with the largest number of genes were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathway-plant. The 'plant hormone signal transduction' pathway was the most significantly enriched at the T2 stage. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the auxin regulatory pathway and SA signal transduction pathway may play important roles. These results not only lay the foundation for the further cloning and functional analysis of the MT318 premature senescence gene but also provide a reference for the study of tomato leaf senescence. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01223-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Jin
- Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Mingyan Hua
- Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Lanfang Song
- Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Shaojie Cui
- Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Haibo Sun
- Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Weidong Kong
- Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, 300192 China
| | - Zhiyu Hao
- Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin, 300192 China
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27
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Jiang C, Lei M, Guo Y, Gao G, Shi L, Jin Y, Cai Y, Himmelbach A, Zhou S, He Q, Yao X, Kan J, Haberer G, Duan F, Li L, Liu J, Zhang J, Spannagl M, Liu C, Stein N, Feng Z, Mascher M, Yang P. A reference-guided TILLING by amplicon-sequencing platform supports forward and reverse genetics in barley. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100317. [PMID: 35605197 PMCID: PMC9284286 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Barley is a diploid species with a genome smaller than those of other members of the Triticeae tribe, making it an attractive model for genetic studies in Triticeae crops. The recent development of barley genomics has created a need for a high-throughput platform to identify genetically uniform mutants for gene function investigations. In this study, we report an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population consisting of 8525 M3 lines in the barley landrace "Hatiexi" (HTX), which we complement with a high-quality de novo assembly of a reference genome for this genotype. The mutation rate within the population ranged from 1.51 to 4.09 mutations per megabase, depending on the treatment dosage of EMS and the mutation discrimination platform used for genotype analysis. We implemented a three-dimensional DNA pooling strategy combined with multiplexed amplicon sequencing to create a highly efficient and cost-effective TILLING (targeting induced locus lesion in genomes) platform in barley. Mutations were successfully identified from 72 mixed amplicons within a DNA pool containing 64 individual mutants and from 56 mixed amplicons within a pool containing 144 individuals. We discovered abundant allelic mutants for dozens of genes, including the barley Green Revolution contributor gene Brassinosteroid insensitive 1 (BRI1). As a proof of concept, we rapidly determined the causal gene responsible for a chlorotic mutant by following the MutMap strategy, demonstrating the value of this resource to support forward and reverse genetic studies in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Jiang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miaomiao Lei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Guangqi Gao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijie Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanlong Jin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Cai
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Axel Himmelbach
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Shenghui Zhou
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang He
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Yao
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhong Kan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Georg Haberer
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fengying Duan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Manuel Spannagl
- Plant Genome and Systems Biology (PGSB), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chunming Liu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Zongyun Feng
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Martin Mascher
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany.
| | - Ping Yang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Xue Y, Dong H, Huang H, Li S, Shan X, Li H, Liu H, Xia D, Su S, Yuan Y. Mutation in Mg-Protoporphyrin IX Monomethyl Ester (Oxidative) Cyclase Gene ZmCRD1 Causes Chlorophyll-Deficiency in Maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912215. [PMID: 35873969 PMCID: PMC9301084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll molecules are non-covalently associated with chlorophyll-binding proteins to harvest light and perform charge separation vital for energy conservation during photosynthetic electron transfer in photosynthesis for photosynthetic organisms. The present study characterized a pale-green leaf (pgl) maize mutant controlled by a single recessive gene causing chlorophyll reduction throughout the whole life cycle. Through positional mapping and complementation allelic test, Zm00001d008230 (ZmCRD1) with two missense mutations (p.A44T and p.T326M) was identified as the causal gene encoding magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester cyclase (MgPEC). Phylogenetic analysis of ZmCRD1 within and among species revealed that the p.T326M mutation was more likely to be causal. Subcellular localization showed that ZmCRD1 was targeted to chloroplasts. The pgl mutant showed a malformed chloroplast morphology and reduced number of starch grains in bundle sheath cells. The ZmCRD1 gene was mainly expressed in WT and mutant leaves, but the expression was reduced in the mutant. Most of the genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, chlorophyll degradation, chloroplast development and photosynthesis were down-regulated in pgl. The photosynthetic capacity was limited along with developmental retardation and production reduction in pgl. These results confirmed the crucial role of ZmCRD1 in chlorophyll biosynthesis, chloroplast development and photosynthesis in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shengzhong Su
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- Jilin Engineering Research Center for Crop Biotechnology Breeding, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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29
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Xu J, Ji Z, Wang C, Xu F, Wang F, Zheng Y, Tang Y, Wei Z, Zhao T, Zhao K. WATER-SOAKED SPOT1 Controls Chloroplast Development and Leaf Senescence via Regulating Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:918673. [PMID: 35693165 PMCID: PMC9178249 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane kinases (TMKs) play important roles in plant growth and signaling cascades of phytohormones. However, its function in the regulation of early leaf senescence (ELS) of plants remains unknown. Here, we report the molecular cloning and functional characterization of the WATER-SOAKED SPOT1 gene which encodes a protein belongs to the TMK family and controls chloroplast development and leaf senescence in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The water-soaked spot1 (oswss1) mutant displays water-soaked spots which subsequently developed into necrotic symptoms at the tillering stage. Moreover, oswss1 exhibits slightly rolled leaves with irregular epidermal cells, decreased chlorophyll contents, and defective stomata and chloroplasts as compared with the wild type. Map-based cloning revealed that OsWSS1 encodes transmembrane kinase TMK1. Genetic complementary experiments verified that a Leu396Pro amino acid substitution, residing in the highly conserved region of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) domain, was responsible for the phenotypes of oswss1. OsWSS1 was constitutively expressed in all tissues and its encoded protein is localized to the plasma membrane. Mutation of OsWSS1 led to hyper-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), more severe DNA fragmentation, and cell death than that of the wild-type control. In addition, we found that the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) was significantly higher, while the expression of genes associated with chloroplast development and photosynthesis was significantly downregulated in oswss1 as compared with the wild type. Taken together, our results demonstrated that OsWSS1, a member of TMKs, plays a vital role in the regulation of ROS homeostasis, chloroplast development, and leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangmin Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ji
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunlian Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Xu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fujun Wang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Zheng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongchao Tang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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30
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Rice Lesion Mimic Gene Cloning and Association Analysis for Disease Resistance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2350-2361. [PMID: 35678689 PMCID: PMC9164038 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants refer to a class of mutants that naturally form necrotic lesions similar to allergic reactions on leaves in the absence of significant stress or damage and without being harmed by pathogens. Mutations in most lesion mimic genes, such as OsACL-A2 and OsSCYL2, can enhance mutants’ resistance to pathogens. Lesion mimic mutants are ideal materials for studying programmed cell death (PCD) and plant defense mechanisms. Studying the genes responsible for the rice disease-like phenotype is of great significance for understanding the disease resistance mechanism of rice. In this paper, the nomenclature, occurrence mechanism, genetic characteristics, regulatory pathways, and the research progress on the cloning and disease resistance of rice lesion mimic mutant genes were reviewed, in order to further analyze the various lesion mimic mutants of rice. The mechanism lays a theoretical foundation and provides a reference for rice breeding.
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31
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Liu X, Deng XJ, Li CY, Xiao YK, Zhao K, Guo J, Yang XR, Zhang HS, Chen CP, Luo YT, Tang YL, Yang B, Sun CH, Wang PR. Mutation of Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Gene Causes Spotted and Rolled Leaf and Its Overexpression Generates Herbicide Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105781. [PMID: 35628595 PMCID: PMC9146718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) oxidase (PPO) catalyzes the oxidation of Protogen IX to Proto IX. PPO is also the target site for diphenyl ether-type herbicides. In plants, there are two PPO encoding genes, PPO1 and PPO2. To date, no PPO gene or mutant has been characterized in monocotyledonous plants. In this study, we isolated a spotted and rolled leaf (sprl1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa). The spotted leaf phenotype was sensitive to high light intensity and low temperature, but the rolled leaf phenotype was insensitive. We confirmed that the sprl1 phenotypes were caused by a single nucleotide substitution in the OsPPO1 (LOC_Os01g18320) gene. This gene is constitutively expressed, and its encoded product is localized to the chloroplast. The sprl1 mutant accumulated excess Proto(gen) IX and reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in necrotic lesions. The expressions of 26 genes associated with tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, photosynthesis, ROS accumulation, and rolled leaf were significantly altered in sprl1, demonstrating that these expression changes were coincident with the mutant phenotypes. Importantly, OsPPO1-overexpression transgenic plants were resistant to the herbicides oxyfluorfen and acifluorfen under field conditions, while having no distinct influence on plant growth and grain yield. These finding indicate that the OsPPO1 gene has the potential to engineer herbicide resistance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Jian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.D.); (P.-R.W.)
| | - Chun-Yan Li
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yong-Kang Xiao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Ke Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Jia Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Xiao-Rong Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Hong-Shan Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Cong-Ping Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Ya-Ting Luo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Yu-Lin Tang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Chang-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
| | - Ping-Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.L.); (C.-H.S.)
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (C.-Y.L.); (Y.-K.X.); (K.Z.); (J.G.); (X.-R.Y.); (H.-S.Z.); (C.-P.C.); (Y.-T.L.); (Y.-L.T.); (B.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.-J.D.); (P.-R.W.)
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32
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Enzymes degraded under high light maintain proteostasis by transcriptional regulation in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121362119. [PMID: 35549553 PMCID: PMC9171785 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121362119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoinhibitory high light stress in plants leads to increases in markers of protein degradation and transcriptional up-regulation of proteases and proteolytic machinery, but protein homeostasis (proteostasis) of most enzymes is largely maintained under high light, so we know little about the metabolic consequences of it beyond photosystem damage. We developed a technique to look for rapid protein turnover events in response to high light through 13C partial labeling and detailed peptide mass spectrometry. This analysis reveals a light-induced transcriptional program for nuclear-encoded genes, beyond the regulation of photosystem II, to replace key protein degradation targets in plants and ensure proteostasis under high light stress. Photoinhibitory high light stress in Arabidopsis leads to increases in markers of protein degradation and transcriptional up-regulation of proteases and proteolytic machinery, but proteostasis is largely maintained. We find significant increases in the in vivo degradation rate for specific molecular chaperones, nitrate reductase, glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglycerate kinase and other plastid, mitochondrial, peroxisomal, and cytosolic enzymes involved in redox shuttles. Coupled analysis of protein degradation rates, mRNA levels, and protein abundance reveal that 57% of the nuclear-encoded enzymes with higher degradation rates also had high light–induced transcriptional responses to maintain proteostasis. In contrast, plastid-encoded proteins with enhanced degradation rates showed decreased transcript abundances and must maintain protein abundance by other processes. This analysis reveals a light-induced transcriptional program for nuclear-encoded genes, beyond the regulation of the photosystem II (PSII) D1 subunit and the function of PSII, to replace key protein degradation targets in plants and ensure proteostasis under high light stress.
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Identifying key genes involved in yellow leaf variation in 'Menghai Huangye' based on biochemical and transcriptomic analysis. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:251-260. [PMID: 35211836 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00829-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Albino tea plants generally have higher theanine, which causes their tea leaves to taste fresher, and they are an important mutant for the breeding of tea plant varieties. Earlier, we reported an albino germplasm, 'Menghai Huangye' (MHHY), from Yunnan Province and found that it has a lower chlorophyll content during the yellowing stage, but the mechanism underlying low chlorophyll and the yellowing phenotype is still unclear. In this study, the pigment contents of MHHY_May (yellowing, low chlorophyll), MHHY_July (regreening, normal chlorophyll), and YK10_May (green leaves, normal chlorophyll) were determined, and the results showed that the lower chlorophyll content might be an important reason for the formation of the yellowing phenotype of MHHY. Through transcriptome sequencing, we obtained 654 candidates for differentially expressed genes (DEGs), among which 4 genes were related to chlorophyll synthesis, 10 were photosynthesis-related, 34 were HSP family genes, and 19 were transcription factor genes. In addition, we analysed the transcription levels of the key candidate genes in MHHY_May and MHHY_July and found that they are consistent with the expression trends in MHHY_May and YK10_May, which further indicates that the candidate differential genes we identified are likely to be key candidate factors involved in the low chlorophyll content and yellowing of MHHY. In summary, our findings will assist in revealing the low chlorophyll content of MHHY and the formation mechanism of yellowing tea plants and will be applied to the selection and breeding of albino tea cultivars in the future.
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Gan Y, Kou Y, Yan F, Wang X, Wang H, Song X, Zhang M, Zhao X, Jia R, Ge H, Yang S. Comparative Transcriptome Profiling Analysis Reveals the Adaptive Molecular Mechanism of Yellow-Green Leaf in Rosa beggeriana 'Aurea'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845662. [PMID: 35401615 PMCID: PMC8987444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Rosa beggeriana 'Aurea' is a yellow-green leaf (yl) mutant and originated from Rosa beggeriana Schrenk by 60Co-γ irradiation, which is an important ornamental woody species. However, the molecular mechanism of the yl mutant remains unknown. Herein, comparative transcriptome profiling was performed between the yl type and normal green color type (WT) by RNA sequencing. A total of 3,372 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, consisting of 1,585 upregulated genes and 1,787 downregulated genes. Genes that took part in metabolic of biological process (1,090), membrane of cellular component (728), catalytic (1,114), and binding of molecular function (840) were significantly different in transcription level. DEGs involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, carotenoids biosynthesis, cutin, suberine, wax biosynthesis, photosynthesis, chloroplast development, photosynthesis-antenna proteins, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) components, CO2 fixation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis related genes were downregulated. Meanwhile, linoleic acid metabolism, siroheme biosynthesis, and carbon source of pigments biosynthesis through methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways were upregulated. Moreover, a total of 147 putative transcription factors were signification different expression, involving NAC, WRKY, bHLH, MYB and AP2/ERF, C2H2, GRAS, and bZIP family gene. Our results showed that the disturbed pigments biosynthesis result in yl color by altering the ratio of chlorophylls and carotenoids in yl mutants. The yl mutants may evoke other metabolic pathways to compensate for the photodamage caused by the insufficient structure and function of chloroplasts, such as enhanced MEP pathways and linoleic acid metabolism against oxidative stress. This research can provide a reference for the application of leaf color mutants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gan
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaping Kou
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Yan
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Wang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongqian Wang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangshang Song
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruidong Jia
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ge
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- National Center of China for Flowers Improvement, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Shen W, Feng Z, Hu K, Cao W, Li M, Ju R, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Zuo S. Tryptamine 5-Hydroxylase Is Required for Suppression of Cell Death and Uncontrolled Defense Activation in Rice. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.857760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion-mimic mutants are useful materials to dissect mechanisms controlling programmed cell death (PCD) and defense response in plants. Although dozens of lesion-mimic mutant genes have been identified in plants, the molecular mechanisms underlying PCD and defense response remain to be extensively elucidated. Here, we identified a rice lesion mimic mutant, named lesion mimic 42 (lm42), from an ethylmethylsulfone (EMS)-induced mutant population. The lm42 mutant displayed flame-red spots on the leaves and sheaths at the 3-leaf developmental stage and exhibited impaired photosynthetic capacity with decreased chlorophyll content and decomposed chloroplast thylakoids. The lesion development of lm42 was light- and temperature-dependent. We identified a single base mutation (T38A), changing a Leu to Gln, in the first exon of LOC_Os12g16720 (LM42), which encodes a tryptamine 5-hydroxylase, by map-based cloning. We carried out transgenic complementation to confirm that this mutation caused the lm42 phenotype. We further knocked out the LM42 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 to recreate the lm42 phenotype. LM42 is highly expressed in leaves, leaf sheaths and roots. Loss-of-function of LM42 activated expression of ROS-generating genes and inhibited expression of ROS-scavenging genes, leading to ROS accumulation and eventually cell death. Furthermore, its disruption induced expression of defense-response genes and enhanced host resistance to both fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Our transcriptomic data suggested that the way lm42 led to lesion-mimic was probably by affecting ribosome development. Overall, our results demonstrate that tryptamine 5-hydroxylase-coding gene LM42 is required for suppression of cell death and uncontrolled activation of defense responses in rice.
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Lu G, Pan YB, Wang Z, Xu F, Cheng W, Huang X, Ren H, Pang C, Que Y, Xu L. Utilization of a Sugarcane100K Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Microarray-Derived High-Density Genetic Map in Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping and Function Role Prediction of Genes Related to Chlorophyll Content in Sugarcane. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:817875. [PMID: 35027918 PMCID: PMC8750863 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.817875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll is the most important pigment for plant photosynthesis that plays an important role in crop growth and production. In this study, the chlorophyll content trait was explored to improve sugarcane yield. Two hundred and eighty-five F1 progenies from the cross YT93-159 × ROC22 with significantly different chlorophyll contents were included as test materials. The chlorophyll content of the +1 leaves during elongation phase was measured using a SPAD-502 meter through a three-crop cycle (plant cane, first ratoon, and second ratoon). Linkage analysis was conducted on a high-density genetic map constructed based on the sugarcane 100K SNP chip. In addition, Fv/Fm, plant height, stalk diameter, brix data were collected on plant cane during the elongation and maturation phases. The results showed that the +1 leaf SPAD values, which can be used as an important reference to evaluate the growth potential of sugarcane, were significantly and positively correlated with the Fv/Fm during elongation phase, as well as with plant height, stalk diameter, and brix during maturity phase (P < 0.01). The broad sense heritability (H 2) of the chlorophyll content trait was 0.66 for plant cane crop, 0.67 for first ratoon crop, and 0.73 for second ratoon crop, respectively, indicating that this trait was mainly controlled by genetic factors. Thirty-one quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected by QTL mapping. Among them, a major QTL, qCC-R1, could account for 12.95% of phenotypic variation explained (PVE), and the other 30 minor QTLs explained 2.37-7.99% PVE. Twenty candidate genes related to chlorophyll content were identified in the QTLs plus a 200-Kb extension region within either sides, of which four were homologous genes involved in the chlorophyll synthesis process and the remaining 16 played a certain role in chlorophyll catabolic pathway, chloroplast organization, or photosynthesis. These results provide a theoretical reference for analyzing the genetic mechanism of chlorophyll synthesis and subsequent improvement of photosynthetic characteristics in sugarcane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Vegetables, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
| | - Yong-Bao Pan
- Sugarcane Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Houma, LA, United States
| | - Zhoutao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinge Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chao Pang
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Que
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Yue C, Wang Z, Yang P. Review: the effect of light on the key pigment compounds of photosensitive etiolated tea plant. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2021; 62:21. [PMID: 34897570 PMCID: PMC8665957 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-021-00329-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Light is the ultimate energy source of plant photosynthesis, which has an important impact on the growth, development, physiology and biochemistry of tea plant. Photosensitive etiolated tea plant belongs to a kind of colored leaf plant, which is a physiological response to light intensity. Compared with conventional green bud and leaf of tea plant, the accumulation of pigment compounds (chlorophyll and carotenoids, etc.) closely related to a series of reactions of photosynthesis in photosensitive etiolated tea plant is reduced, resulting in the difference of leaf color of tea. This specific tea resource has high application value, among which high amino acid is one of its advantages. It can be used to process high-quality green tea with delicious taste and attractive aroma, which has been widely attention. The mechanism of the color presentation of the etiolated mutant tea leaves has been given a high topic and attention, especially, what changes have taken place in the pigment compounds of tea leaves caused by light, which makes the leaves so yellow. At present, there have been a lot of research and reports. PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW We describe the metabolism and differential accumulation of key pigment compounds affecting the leaf color of photosensitive etiolated tea that are triggered by light, and discuss the different metabolism and key regulatory sites of these pigments in different light environments in order to understand the "discoloration" matrix and mechanism of etiolated tea resources, answer the scientific question between leaf color and light. It provides an important strategy for artificial intervention of discoloration of colored tea plant. CONCLUSION The differential accumulation of pigment compounds in tea plant can be induced phytochrome in response to the change of light signal. The synthesis of chlorophyll in photoetiolated tea plants is hindered by strong light, among which, the sites regulated by coproporphyrinogen III oxidase and chlorophyllide a oxidase is sensitive to light and can be inhibited by strong light, resulting in the aggravation of leaf etiolation. The phenomenon can be disappeared or weakened by shading or reducing light intensity, and the leaf color is greenish, but the increase of chlorophyll-b accumulation is more than that of chlorophyll-a. The synthesis of carotenoids is inhibited strong light, and high the accumulation of carotenoids is reduced by shading. Most of the genes regulating carotenoids are up-regulated by moderate shading and down-regulated by excessive shading. Therefore, the accumulation of these two types of pigments in photosensitive etiolated tea plants is closely related to the light environment, and the leaf color phenotype shape of photosensitive etiolated tea plants can be changed by different light conditions, which provides an important strategy for the production and management of tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuinan Yue
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, 330043, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Nanchang, 330203, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, 330043, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Nanchang, 330203, China
| | - Puxiang Yang
- Jiangxi Sericulture and Tea Research Institute, Nanchang, 330043, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Tea Quality and Safety Control, Nanchang, 330203, China.
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Chen J, Wu S, Dong F, Li J, Zeng L, Tang J, Gu D. Mechanism Underlying the Shading-Induced Chlorophyll Accumulation in Tea Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:779819. [PMID: 34925423 PMCID: PMC8675639 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.779819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Besides aroma and taste, the color of dry tea leaves, tea infusion, and infused tea leaves is also an important index for tea quality. Shading can significantly increase the chlorophyll content of tea leaves, leading to enhanced tea leaf coloration. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we revealed that the expressions of chlorophyll synthesis genes were significantly induced by shading, specially, the gene encoding protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (CsPOR). Indoor control experiment showed that decreased light intensity could significantly induce the expression of CsPOR, and thus cause the increase of chlorophyll content. Subsequently, we explored the light signaling pathway transcription factors regulating chlorophyll synthesis, including CsPIFs and CsHY5. Through expression level and subcellular localization analysis, we found that CsPIF3-2, CsPIF7-1, and CsHY5 may be candidate transcriptional regulators. Transcriptional activation experiments proved that CsHY5 inhibits CsPORL-2 transcription. In summary, we concluded that shading might promote the expression of CsPORL-2 by inhibiting the expression of CsHY5, leading to high accumulation of chlorophyll in tea leaves. The results of this study provide insights into the mechanism regulating the improvements to tea plant quality caused by shading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Dong
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational College, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlong Li
- Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinchi Tang
- Laboratory of Tea Plant Resources Innovation and Utilization, Tea Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences & Guangdong Provincial Key, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dachuan Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Yang X, Liu C, Li Y, Yan Z, Liu D, Feng G. Identification and fine genetic mapping of the golden pod gene (pv-ye) from the snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2021; 134:3773-3784. [PMID: 34338807 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03928-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Using bulked segregant analysis combined with next-generation sequencing, we delimited the pv-ye gene responsible for the golden pod trait of snap bean cultivar A18-1. Sequence analysis identified Phvul.002G006200 as the candidate gene. The pod is the main edible part of snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). The commercial use of the pods is mainly affected by their color. Consumers seem to prefer golden pods. The aim of the present study was to identify the gene responsible for the golden pod trait in the snap bean. 'A18-1' (a golden bean cultivar) and 'Renaya' (a green bean cultivar) were chosen as the experimental materials. Genetic analysis indicated that a single recessive gene, pv-ye, controls the golden pod trait. A candidate region of 4.24 Mb was mapped to chromosome Pv 02 using bulked-segregant analysis coupled with whole-genome sequencing. In this region, linkage analysis in an F2 population localized the pv-ye gene to an interval of 182.9 kb between the simple sequence repeat markers SSR77 and SSR93. This region comprised 16 genes (12 annotated genes from the P. vulgaris database and 4 functionally unknown genes). Combined with transcriptome sequencing results, we identified Phvul.002G006200 as the potential candidate gene for pv-ye. Sequencing of Phvul.002G006200 identified a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in pv-ye. A pair of primers covering the SNP were designed, and the fragment was sequenced to screen 1086 F2 plants with the 'A18-1' phenotype. Our findings showed that among the 1086 mapped individuals, the SNP cosegregated with the 'A18-1' phenotype. The findings presented here could form the basis to reveal the molecular mechanism of the golden pod trait in the snap bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Yang
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhishan Yan
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dajun Liu
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Guojun Feng
- Horticulture Department, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xuefu Road, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, China.
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Numajiri Y, Yoshino K, Teramoto S, Hayashi A, Nishijima R, Tanaka T, Hayashi T, Kawakatsu T, Tanabata T, Uga Y. iPOTs: Internet of Things-based pot system controlling optional treatment of soil water condition for plant phenotyping under drought stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1569-1580. [PMID: 34197670 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A cultivation facility that can assist users in controlling the soil water condition is needed for accurately phenotyping plants under drought stress in an artificial environment. Here we report the Internet of Things-based pot system controlling optional treatment of soil water condition (iPOTs), an automatic irrigation system that mimics the drought condition in a growth chamber. The Wi-Fi-enabled iPOTs system allows water supply from the bottom of the pot, based on the soil water level set by the user, and automatically controls the soil water level at a desired depth. The iPOTs also allows users to monitor environmental parameters, such as soil temperature, air temperature, humidity, and light intensity, in each pot. To verify whether the iPOTs mimics the drought condition, we conducted a drought stress test on rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and near-isogenic lines, with diverse root system architecture, using the iPOTs system installed in a growth chamber. Similar to the results of a previous drought stress field trial, the growth of shallow-rooted rice accessions was severely affected by drought stress compared with that of deep-rooted accessions. The microclimate data obtained using the iPOTs system increased the accuracy of plant growth evaluation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that pot positions in the growth chamber had little impact on plant growth. Together, these results suggest that the iPOTs system is a reliable platform for phenotyping plants under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Numajiri
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Kanami Yoshino
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Shota Teramoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishijima
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Tanaka
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hayashi
- Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-5-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 100-0013, Japan
| | - Taiji Kawakatsu
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan
| | - Takanari Tanabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Yusaku Uga
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2 Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
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Wang Q, Zhu B, Chen C, Yuan Z, Guo J, Yang X, Wang S, Lv Y, Liu Q, Yang B, Sun C, Wang P, Deng X. A Single Nucleotide Substitution of GSAM Gene Causes Massive Accumulation of Glutamate 1-Semialdehyde and Yellow Leaf Phenotype in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:50. [PMID: 34089406 PMCID: PMC8179877 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tetrapyrroles play indispensable roles in various biological processes. In higher plants, glutamate 1-semialdehyde 2,1-aminomutase (GSAM) converts glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA) to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), which is the rate-limiting step of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. Up to now, GSAM genes have been successively identified from many species. Besides, it was found that GSAM could form a dimeric protein with itself by x-ray crystallography. However, no mutant of GSAM has been identified in monocotyledonous plants, and no experiment on interaction of GSAM protein with itself has been reported so far. RESULT We isolated a yellow leaf mutant, ys53, in rice (Oryza sativa). The mutant showed decreased photosynthetic pigment contents, suppressed chloroplast development, and reduced photosynthetic capacity. In consequence, its major agronomic traits were significantly affected. Map-based cloning revealed that the candidate gene was LOC_Os08g41990 encoding GSAM protein. In ys53 mutant, a single nucleotide substitution in this gene caused an amino acid change in the encoded protein, so its ALA-synthesis ability was significantly reduced and GSA was massively accumulated. Complementation assays suggested the mutant phenotype of ys53 could be rescued by introducing wild-type OsGSAM gene, confirming that the point mutation in OsGSAM is the cause of the mutant phenotype. OsGSAM is mainly expressed in green tissues, and its encoded protein is localized to chloroplast. qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the mutation of OsGSAM not only affected the expressions of tetrapyrrole biosynthetic genes, but also influenced those of photosynthetic genes in rice. In addition, the yeast two-hybrid experiment showed that OsGSAM protein could interact with itself, which could largely depend on the two specific regions containing the 81th-160th and the 321th-400th amino acid residues at its N- and C-terminals, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We successfully characterized rice GSAM gene by a yellow leaf mutant and map-based cloning approach. Meanwhile, we verified that OsGSAM protein could interact with itself mainly by means of the two specific regions of amino acid residues at its N- and C-terminals, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Baiyang Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Congping Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhaodi Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jia Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - San Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yan Lv
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Pingrong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaojian Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Li YY, Han M, Wang RH, Gao MG. Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies genes associated with chlorophyll levels and reveals photosynthesis in green flesh of radish taproot. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252031. [PMID: 34043661 PMCID: PMC8158985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The flesh of the taproot of Raphanus sativus L. is rich in chlorophyll (Chl) throughout the developmental process, which is why the flesh is green. However, little is known about which genes are associated with Chl accumulation in this non-foliar, internal green tissue and whether the green flesh can perform photosynthesis. To determine these aspects, we measured the Chl content, examined Chl fluorescence, and carried out comparative transcriptome analyses of taproot flesh between green-fleshed "Cuishuai" and white-fleshed "Zhedachang" across five developmental stages. Numerous genes involved in the Chl metabolic pathway were identified. It was found that Chl accumulation in radish green flesh may be due to the low expression of Chl degradation genes and high expression of Chl biosynthesis genes, especially those associated with Part Ⅳ (from Protoporphyrin Ⅸ to Chl a). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes between "Cuishuai" and "Zhedachang" were significantly enriched in photosynthesis-related pathways, such as photosynthesis, antenna proteins, porphyrin and Chl metabolism, carbon fixation, and photorespiration. Twenty-five genes involved in the Calvin cycle were highly expressed in "Cuishuai". These findings suggested that photosynthesis occurred in the radish green flesh, which was also supported by the results of Chl fluorescence. Our study provides transcriptome data on radish taproots and provides new information on the formation and function of radish green flesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-yuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang University, Weifang, China
- * E-mail: (Y-yL); (M-gG)
| | - Min Han
- Department of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Rui-hua Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang University, Weifang, China
| | - Ming-gang Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang University, Weifang, China
- * E-mail: (Y-yL); (M-gG)
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Li Y, Sun M, He W, Wang H, Pan H, Yang Q, Lou Y, Zhuge Y. Effect of phosphorus supplementation on growth, nutrient uptake, physiological responses, and cadmium absorption by tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) exposed to cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 213:112021. [PMID: 33582412 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is a common heavy metal pollutant. In some plants, its absorption is inhibited by exogenous phosphorus. Here, the effect of P supplementation on the growth of tall fescue exposed to Cd was evaluated in a hydroponic culture experiment. Plants were exposed to five concentrations of P (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 mmol L-1) and three concentrations of Cd (50, 100, and 150 mg L-1), and plant growth, Cd content, absorption, physiological characteristics, and nutrient accumulation were investigated. P supplementation significantly reduced the Cd content, Cd translocation factor (TF), Cd removal efficiency, plant P absorption, chlorophyll content, glutathione levels, glutathione reductase levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in tall fescue under Cd stress (P < 0.05). Moreover, it increased the vertical growth rate and biomass of tall fescue. At a constant P concentration, the biomass and vertical growth rate significantly decreased with an increasing Cd concentration, and the shoot Cd content, SOD activity, and TF significantly increased (P < 0.05). High P supplementation (0.75 and 1.0 mmol L-1) ameliorated the damage caused by 150 mg L-1 Cd stress, and the biomass, vertical shoot and vertical root growth rates were increased by 72.06-82.06%, 250.00-316.67%, 300.00-312.00%, respectively. In the plants subjected to 50 mg L-1 Cd stress, 0.5 mmol L-1 P supplementation enhanced biomass, vertical shoot and vertical root growth rates by 29.99%, 20.41%, and 21.43%, respectively, and reduced the Cd content in shoots (45.85%) and roots (9.71%). Except for the total potassium content and catalase activity, different concentrations of Cd negatively affected all parameters tested. Such negative effects were limited by P supplementation. Optimizing the nutrient composition and concentrations could minimize the potential negative impacts of Cd on plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Mingjie Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Wei He
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Hui Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Hong Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Quangang Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yanhong Lou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Yuping Zhuge
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Nie L, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhu S, Hou J, Chen G, Tang X, Wang C, Yuan L. Characterization and transcriptomic analysis of a novel yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) germplasm. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:258. [PMID: 33845769 PMCID: PMC8040211 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07573-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leaf color mutants are the ideal materials to explore the pathways of chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, chloroplast development, and photosynthesis system. In this study, a spontaneous yellow-green leaf wucai (Brassica campestris L.) mutant "WY16-13" was identified, which exhibited yellow-green leaf color during its entire growth period. However, current understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying Chl metabolism and chloroplast development of "WY16-13" is limited. RESULTS Total Chl and carotenoid content in WY16-13 was reduced by 60.92 and 58.82%, respectively, as compared with its wild type parental line W16-13. Electron microscopic investigation revealed fewer chloroplasts per cell and looser stroma lamellae in WY16-13 than in W16-13. A comparative transcriptome profiling was performed using leaves from the yellow-green leaf type (WY16-13) and normal green-leaf type (W16-13). A total of 54.12 million (M) (WY16-13) and 56.17 M (W16-13) reads were generated. A total of 40,578 genes were identified from the mapped libraries. We identified 3882 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in WY16-13 compared with W16-13 (i.e., 1603 upregulated genes and 2279 downregulated genes). According to the Gene Ontology (GO) term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, these DEGs are involved in porphyrin and Chl metabolism [i.e., chlorophyllase (CLH), heme oxygenase (HO), chlorophyll (ide) b reductase (NYC), and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) genes], carbohydrate metabolism, photosynthesis, and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms. Moreover, deficiency in Chl biosynthetic intermediates in WY16-13 revealed that the formation of the yellow-green phenotype was related to the disorder of heme metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide valuable insights into Chl deficiency in the yellow-green leaf mutant and a bioinformatics resource for further functional identification of key allelic genes responsible for differences in Chl content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libing Nie
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yushan Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Shidong Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Jinfeng Hou
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China
| | - Guohu Chen
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Chenggang Wang
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
| | - Lingyun Yuan
- College of Horticulture, Vegetable Genetics and Breeding Laboratory, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Breeding of Anhui, 130 West of Changjiang Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
- Wanjiang Vegetable Industrial Technology Institute, Maanshan, 238200, Anhui, China.
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Yang F, Debatosh D, Song T, Zhang JH. Light Harvesting-like Protein 3 Interacts with Phytoene Synthase and Is Necessary for Carotenoid and Chlorophyll Biosynthesis in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:32. [PMID: 33745012 PMCID: PMC7981378 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00474-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carotenoid biosynthesis is essential for the generation of photosynthetic pigments, phytohormone production, and flower color development. The light harvesting like 3 (LIL3) protein, which belongs to the light-harvesting complex protein family in photosystems, interacts with geranylgeranyl reductase (GGR) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) both of which are known to regulate terpenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis, respectively, in both rice and Arabidopsis. RESULTS In our study, a CRISPR-Cas9 generated 4-bp deletion mutant oslil3 showed aberrant chloroplast development, growth defects, low fertility rates and reduced pigment contents. A comparative transcriptomic analysis of oslil3 suggested that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in photosynthesis, cell wall modification, primary and secondary metabolism are differentially regulated in the mutant. Protein-protein interaction assays indicated that LIL3 interacts with phytoene synthase (PSY) and in addition the gene expression of PSY genes are regulated by LIL3. Subcellular localization of LIL3 and PSY suggested that both are thylakoid membrane anchored proteins in the chloroplast. We suggest that LIL3 directly interacts with PSY to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis. CONCLUSION This study reveals a new role of LIL3 in regulating pigment biosynthesis through interaction with the rate limiting enzyme PSY in carotenoid biosynthesis in rice presenting it as a putative target for genetic manipulation of pigment biosynthesis pathways in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Das Debatosh
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Song
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China.
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Zhang C, Zhang J, Tang Y, Liu K, Liu Y, Tang J, Zhang T, Yu H. DEEP GREEN PANICLE1 suppresses GOLDEN2-LIKE activity to reduce chlorophyll synthesis in rice glumes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:469-477. [PMID: 33721900 PMCID: PMC8133608 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation mechanisms of photosynthesis is key to improving its efficiency and, ultimately, crop yield. In this study, we report that DEEP GREEN PANICLE1 (DGP1) is involved in photosynthesis regulation in rice (Oryza sativa L.). We identified the dgp1 mutant, which has increased chlorophyll content in glumes. The mutated gene was isolated by map-based cloning. Knockout plants, generated using a gene editing approach, mimic the phenotype of dgp1. Overexpression of DGP1 leads to chlorotic leaves and glumes. DGP1 is a plant-specific protein with a conserved TIGR01589 domain. The expression of DGP1 was detected in green tissues and is induced by light. Moreover, genes involved in key steps of chlorophyll synthesis are upregulated in the glumes of dgp1. Importantly, we found that DGP1 interacts with the rice proteins GOLDEN2-LIKE1 (OsGLK1) and GOLDEN2-LIKE2 (OsGLK2), the two transcription factors involved in the regulation of photosynthesis. Transactivation assays showed that DGP1 represses the activation activity of OsGLK1 on its target genes. Our results demonstrate that DGP1 is a repressor of OsGLK activity and thus photosynthesis in rice. Manipulation of this gene and its homologs in other crops may provide new approaches for high photosynthetic efficiency breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Kangwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | | | - Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hengxiu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Author for communication:
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Mishra D, Shekhar S, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty N. Wheat 2-Cys peroxiredoxin plays a dual role in chlorophyll biosynthesis and adaptation to high temperature. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1374-1389. [PMID: 33283912 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism of high-temperature stress (HTS) response, in plants, has so far been investigated using transcriptomics, while the dynamics of HTS-responsive proteome remain unexplored. We examined the adaptive responses of the resilient wheat cultivar 'Unnat Halna' and dissected the HTS-responsive proteome landscape. This led to the identification of 55 HTS-responsive proteins (HRPs), which are predominantly involved in metabolism and defense pathways. Interestingly, HRPs included a 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2CP), designated Ta2CP, presumably involved in stress perception and adaptation. Complementation of Ta2CP in yeast and heterologous expression in Arabidopsis demonstrated its role in thermotolerance. Both Ta2CP silencing and overexpression inferred the involvement of Ta2CP in plant growth and chlorophyll biosynthesis. We demonstrated that Ta2CP interacts with protochlorophyllide reductase b, TaPORB. Reduced TaPORB expression was found in Ta2cp-silenced plants, while upregulation was observed in Ta2CP-overexpressed plants. Furthermore, the downregulation of Ta2CP in Taporb-silenced plants and reduction of protochlorophyllide in Ta2cp-silenced plants suggested the key role of Ta2CP in chlorophyll metabolism. Additionally, the transcript levels of AGPase1 and starch were increased in Ta2cp-silenced plants. More significantly, HTS-treated Ta2cp-silenced plants showed adaptive responses despite increased reactive oxygen species and peroxide concentrations, which might help in rapid induction of high-temperature acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mishra
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shubhendu Shekhar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Subhra Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Niranjan Chakraborty
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Jawaharlal Nehru University Campus, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Li T, Yang H, Lu Y, Dong Q, Liu G, Chen F, Zhou Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes related to the physiological changes of yellow-green leaf mutant of maize. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10567. [PMID: 33628629 PMCID: PMC7894110 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophylls, green pigments in chloroplasts, are essential for photosynthesis. Reduction in chlorophyll content may result in retarded growth, dwarfism, and sterility. In this study, a yellow-green leaf mutant of maize, indicative of abnormity in chlorophyll content, was identified. The physiological parameters of this mutant were measured. Next, global gene expression of this mutant was determined using transcriptome analysis and compared to that of wild-type maize plants. The yellow-green leaf mutant of maize was found to contain lower contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid compounds. It contained fewer active PSII centers and displayed lower values of original chlorophyll fluorescence parameters than the wild-type plants. The real-time fluorescence yield, the electron transport rate, and the net photosynthetic rate of the mutant plants showed reduction as well. In contrast, the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII of the mutant plants was similar to that of the wild-type plants. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the mutant plants and wild-type plants led to the identification of differentially expressed 1,122 genes, of which 536 genes were up-regulated and 586 genes down-regulated in the mutant. Five genes in the chlorophyll metabolism pathway, nine genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and seven genes related to the conversion of sucrose to starch displayed down-regulated expression. In contrast, genes encoding a photosystem II reaction center PsbP family protein and the PGR5-like protein 1A (PGRL1A) exhibited increased transcript abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingchun Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Huaying Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA
| | - Qing Dong
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Guihu Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Yingbing Zhou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
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The origin, evolution and diversification of multiple isoforms of light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR): focus on angiosperms. Biochem J 2020; 477:2221-2236. [PMID: 32568402 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) catalyzes the reduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, which is a key reaction for angiosperm development. Dark operative light-independent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (DPOR) is the other enzyme able to catalyze this reaction, however, it is not present in angiosperms. LPOR, which evolved later than DPOR, requires light to trigger the reaction. The ancestors of angiosperms lost DPOR genes and duplicated the LPORs, however, the LPOR evolution in angiosperms has not been yet investigated. In the present study, we built a phylogenetic tree using 557 nucleotide sequences of LPORs from both bacteria and plants to uncover the evolution of LPOR. The tree revealed that all modern sequences of LPOR diverged from a single sequence ∼1.36 billion years ago. The LPOR gene was then duplicated at least 10 times in angiosperms, leading to the formation of two or even more LPOR isoforms in multiple species. In the case of Arabidopsis thaliana, AtPORA and AtPORB originated in one duplication event, in contrary to the isoform AtPORC, which diverged first. We performed biochemical characterization of these isoforms in vitro, revealing differences in the lipid-driven properties. The results prone us to hypothesize that duplication events of LPOR gave rise to the isoforms having different lipid-driven activity, which may predispose them for functioning in different locations in plastids. Moreover, we showed that LPOR from Synechocystis operated in the lipid-independent manner, revealing differences between bacterial and plant LPORs. Based on the presented results, we propose a novel classification of LPOR enzymes based on their biochemical properties and phylogenetic relationships.
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50
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Xiong E, Li Z, Zhang C, Zhang J, Liu Y, Peng T, Chen Z, Zhao Q. A study of leaf-senescence genes in rice based on a combination of genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics. Brief Bioinform 2020; 22:5998850. [PMID: 33257942 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is a highly complex, genetically regulated and well-ordered process with multiple layers and pathways. Delaying leaf senescence would help increase grain yields in rice. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 rice leaf-senescence genes have been cloned, greatly improving the understanding of leaf senescence in rice. Systematically elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying leaf senescence will provide breeders with new tools/options for improving many important agronomic traits. In this study, we summarized recent reports on 125 rice leaf-senescence genes, providing an overview of the research progress in this field by analyzing the subcellular localizations, molecular functions and the relationship of them. These data showed that chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, chloroplast development, abscisic acid pathway, jasmonic acid pathway, nitrogen assimilation and ROS play an important role in regulating the leaf senescence in rice. Furthermore, we predicted and analyzed the proteins that interact with leaf-senescence proteins and achieved a more profound understanding of the molecular principles underlying the regulatory mechanisms by which leaf senescence occurs, thus providing new insights for future investigations of leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhui Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Henan Agricultural University (HAU), China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, South University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Ye Liu
- College of Agriculture, HAU
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