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Qin YY, Gong Y, Kong SY, Wan ZY, Liu JQ, Xing K, Qin S. Aerial signaling by plant-associated Streptomyces setonii WY228 regulates plant growth and enhances salt stress tolerance. Microbiol Res 2024; 286:127823. [PMID: 38959523 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Plant-associated streptomycetes play important roles in plant growth and development. However, knowledge of volatile-mediated crosstalk between Streptomyces spp. and plants remains limited. In this study, we investigated the impact of volatiles from nine endophytic Streptomyces strains on the growth and development of plants. One versatile strain, Streptomyces setonii WY228, was found to significantly promote the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and tomato seedlings, confer salt tolerance, and induce early flowering and increased fruit yield following volatile treatment. Analysis of plant growth-promoting traits revealed that S. setonii WY228 could produce indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, ACC deaminase, fix nitrogen, and solubilize inorganic phosphate. These capabilities were further confirmed through genome sequencing and analysis. Volatilome analysis indicated that the volatile organic compounds emitted from ISP-2 medium predominantly comprised sesquiterpenes and 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine. Further investigations showed that 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and sesquiterpenoid volatiles were the primary regulators promoting growth, as confirmed by experiments using the terpene synthesis inhibitor phosphomycin, pure compounds, and comparisons of volatile components. Transcriptome analysis, combined with mutant and inhibitor studies, demonstrated that WY228 volatiles promoted root growth by activating Arabidopsis auxin signaling and polar transport, and enhanced root hair development through ethylene signaling activation. Additionally, it was confirmed that volatiles can stimulate plant abscisic acid signaling and activate the MYB75 transcription factor, thereby promoting anthocyanin synthesis and enhancing plant salt stress tolerance. Our findings suggest that aerial signaling-mediated plant growth promotion and abiotic stress tolerance represent potentially overlooked mechanisms of Streptomyces-plant interactions. This study also provides an exciting strategy for the regulation of plant growth and the improvement of horticultural crop yields within sustainable agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ying Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Su-Yun Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jia-Qi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ke Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sheng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plant of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Borges DJV, Souza RAC, de Oliveira A, de Sousa RMF, Venâncio H, Demetrio GR, Ambrogi BG, Santos JC. Green Lacewing Chrysoperla externa Is Attracted to Volatile Organic Compounds and Essential Oils Extracted from Eucalyptus urograndis Leaves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2192. [PMID: 39204628 PMCID: PMC11360061 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant herbivore interactions have long been recognized as a complex interplay influenced by various factors, including plant volatile emissions. Understanding the role of these volatiles in mediating plant predator interactions is crucial for developing sustainable pest management strategies. This study investigated the olfactory preferences of Chrysoperla externa larvae for volatiles emitted by Eucalyptus urograndis leaves, focusing on both seedlings and essential oils (EOs). We used Y-tube olfactometry to compare larval preferences between the clean air and various plant treatments, including undamaged and herbivore-damaged leaves. Chemical analysis of EOs revealed higher concentrations of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in young and damaged leaves, particularly linalool, which has been implicated in insect attraction. Our results showed a significant preference for volatiles emitted by young damaged leaves over clean air for both seedlings (χ2 = 11.03, p = 0.001) and EOs (χ2 = 9.76, p = 0.002). Chrysoperla externa larvae are significantly attracted to specific volatiles from damaged E. urograndis leaves, suggesting these compounds could serve as cues for natural enemy foraging. Our findings enhance the understanding of plant-predator dynamics and suggest potential applications of eucalyptus plantations to sustain C. externa populations for biocontrol purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Jackson Vieira Borges
- Pos-Graduate Program in Ecology, Conservation and Biodiversity, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38405-240, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Rafael Aparecido Carvalho Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (R.A.C.S.); (A.d.O.); (R.M.F.d.S.)
| | - Alberto de Oliveira
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (R.A.C.S.); (A.d.O.); (R.M.F.d.S.)
| | - Raquel Maria Ferreira de Sousa
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (R.A.C.S.); (A.d.O.); (R.M.F.d.S.)
| | - Henrique Venâncio
- Pos-Graduate Program in Ecology and Conservation, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil;
| | - Guilherme Ramos Demetrio
- Laboratory of Plant Ecology, U. E. Penedo, Campus Arapiraca, Federal University of Alagoas, Penedo 57200-000, Alagoas, Brazil;
| | - Bianca Giuliano Ambrogi
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil;
| | - Jean Carlos Santos
- Department of Ecology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49107-230, Sergipe, Brazil;
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Gorina SS, Lantsova NV, Iljina TM, Toporkova YY, Grechkin AN. Oxylipin biosynthesis via an unprecedented 16-hydroperoxide lyase pathway in green tissues of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 224:114151. [PMID: 38768880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The plant lipoxygenase cascade is a source of various regulatory oxylipins that play a role in cell signalling, stress adaptation, and immune response. Recently, we detected an unprecedented 16(S)-lipoxygenase, CsLOX3, in the leaves and fruit pericarp of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In the present work, an array of products biosynthesized through the conversions of α-linolenic acid 16-hydroperoxide (16-HPOT) was detected. Firstly, a prominent 15-hydroxy-9,12-pentadecadienoic acid (Me/TMS) was detected, the product of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) chain cleavage of 16-HPOT and further reduction of aldehyde 15-oxo-9,12-pentadecadienoic acid to alcohol. Besides, the presence of dicarboxylic acid, 3,6-pentadecadiene-1,15-dioic acid, was deduced from the detection of its catalytic hydrogenation product, pentadecane-1,15-dioic acid. Finally, 12,15-dihydroxypentadecanoic acid (Me/TMS) was detected amongst the hydrogenated products, thus indicating the presence of the parent 12,15-dihydroxy-9,13-pentadecadienoic acid. To confirm the proposed HPL chain cleavage, the 16(S)-HPOT was prepared and incubated with the recombinant cucumber HPL CYP74B6 enzyme. The CYP74B6 possessed high activity towards 16-HPOT. Chain cleavage yields the (9Z,12Z)-15-oxo-9,12-pentadecadienoic acid, undergoing a spontaneous isomerization into (9Z,13E)-15-oxo-9,13-pentadecadienoic acid. Thus, the cucumber plants as well as the recombinant cucumber HPL CYP74B6 possessed unprecedented 16-HPL activity, cleaving 16-HPOT into a C15 fragment, 15-oxo-9,12-pentadecadienoic acid, and a complementary volatile C3 fragment, propionic aldehyde. The 16-LOX/16-HPL route of oxylipin biosynthesis presents a novel facet of the plant LOX pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana S Gorina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Natalia V Lantsova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Tatiana M Iljina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Y Toporkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Grechkin
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 30, 420111, Kazan, Russia.
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Du B, Haensch R, Alfarraj S, Rennenberg H. Strategies of plants to overcome abiotic and biotic stresses. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:1524-1536. [PMID: 38561998 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In their environment, plants are exposed to a multitude of abiotic and biotic stresses that differ in intensity, duration and severity. As sessile organisms, they cannot escape these stresses, but instead have developed strategies to overcome them or to compensate for the consequences of stress exposure. Defence can take place at different levels and the mechanisms involved are thought to differ in efficiency across these levels. To minimise metabolic constraints and to reduce the costs of stress defence, plants prioritise first-line defence strategies in the apoplastic space, involving ascorbate, defensins and small peptides, as well as secondary metabolites, before cellular processes are affected. In addition, a large number of different symplastic mechanisms also provide efficient stress defence, including chemical antioxidants, antioxidative enzymes, secondary metabolites, defensins and other peptides as well as proteins. At both the symplastic and the apoplastic level of stress defence and compensation, a number of specialised transporters are thought to be involved in exchange across membranes that still have not been identified, and information on the regeneration of different defence compounds remains ambiguous. In addition, strategies to overcome and compensate for stress exposure operate not only at the cellular, but also at the organ and whole-plant levels, including stomatal regulation, and hypersensitive and systemic responses to prevent or reduce the spread of stress impacts within the plant. Defence can also take place at the ecosystem level by root exudation of signalling molecules and the emission of volatile organic compounds, either directly or indirectly into the rhizosphere and/or the aboveground atmosphere. The mechanisms by which plants control the production of these compounds and that mediate perception of stressful conditions are still not fully understood. Here we summarise plant defence strategies from the cellular to ecosystem level, discuss their advantages and disadvantages for plant growth and development, elucidate the current state of research on the transport and regeneration capacity of defence metabolites, and outline insufficiently explored questions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Du
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ecological Security and Protection Key laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Normal University, Mianxing Road West 166, Mianyang, 621000, PR China
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
| | - Robert Haensch
- Institute of Plant Biology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstr. 1, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 53, Freiburg, D-79110, Germany
- Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China
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Schincaglia A, Pasti L, Cavazzini A, Purcaro G, Beccaria M. Optimization of headspace high-capacity tool coupled to two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for mapping the volatile organic compounds of raw pistachios. A proof-of-concept on the classification ability by geographic origin. Food Chem 2024; 460:140702. [PMID: 39116768 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
An optimized procedure for extracting and analyzing raw pistachio volatiles was developed through headspace sampling with high-capacity tools and subsequent analysis using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The examination of 18 pistachio samples belonging to different geographic areas led to the identification of a set of 99 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Molecules were putatively identified using linear retention index, mass spectra similarity, and two-dimensional plot location. The impact of preprocessing and processing techniques on the aligned data matrix from a set of samples of different geographical origins, after removing contaminants, was evaluated. The combination of scaling with log-transformation, normalization with z-score, and data reduction with random forest machine learning algorithm generated a panel of 16 discriminatory VOC molecules. As a proof of concept, raw pistachios' VOC profile was employed for the first time to tentatively classify them based on their geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schincaglia
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, University of Liège, Belgium
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, CREA, via della Navicella 2/4, Rome, 00184, Italy
| | - Giorgia Purcaro
- Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des Déportés 2, 5030, Gembloux, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | - Marco Beccaria
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical, and Agricultural Sciences, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Organic and Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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6
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Pérez-Llorca M, Müller M. Unlocking Nature's Rhythms: Insights into Secondary Metabolite Modulation by the Circadian Clock. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7308. [PMID: 39000414 PMCID: PMC11241833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants, like many other living organisms, have an internal timekeeper, the circadian clock, which allows them to anticipate photoperiod rhythms and environmental stimuli to optimally adjust plant growth, development, and fitness. These fine-tuned processes depend on the interaction between environmental signals and the internal interactive metabolic network regulated by the circadian clock. Although primary metabolites have received significant attention, the impact of the circadian clock on secondary metabolites remains less explored. Transcriptome analyses revealed that many genes involved in secondary metabolite biosynthesis exhibit diurnal expression patterns, potentially enhancing stress tolerance. Understanding the interaction mechanisms between the circadian clock and secondary metabolites, including plant defense mechanisms against stress, may facilitate the development of stress-resilient crops and enhance targeted management practices that integrate circadian agricultural strategies, particularly in the face of climate change. In this review, we will delve into the molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythms of phenolic compounds, terpenoids, and N-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pérez-Llorca
- Department of Biology, Health and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maren Müller
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Abbattista R, Feinberg NG, Snodgrass IF, Newman JW, Dandekar AM. Unveiling the "hidden quality" of the walnut pellicle: a precious source of bioactive lipids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1395543. [PMID: 38957599 PMCID: PMC11217525 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1395543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Tree nut consumption has been widely associated with various health benefits, with walnuts, in particular, being linked with improved cardiovascular and neurological health. These benefits have been attributed to walnuts' vast array of phenolic antioxidants and abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, recent studies have revealed unexpected clinical outcomes related to walnut consumption, which cannot be explained simply with the aforementioned molecular hallmarks. With the goal of discovering potential molecular sources of these unexplained clinical outcomes, an exploratory untargeted metabolomics analysis of the isolated walnut pellicle was conducted. This analysis revealed a myriad of unusual lipids, including oxylipins and endocannabinoids. These lipid classes, which are likely present in the pellicle to enhance the seeds' defenses due to their antimicrobial properties, also have known potent bioactivities as mammalian signaling molecules and homeostatic regulators. Given the potential value of this tissue for human health, with respect to its "bioactive" lipid fraction, we sought to quantify the amounts of these compounds in pellicle-enriched waste by-products of mechanized walnut processing in California. An impressive repertoire of these compounds was revealed in these matrices, and in notably significant concentrations. This discovery establishes these low-value agriculture wastes promising candidates for valorization and translation into high-value, health-promoting products; as these molecules represent a potential explanation for the unexpected clinical outcomes of walnut consumption. This "hidden quality" of the walnut pellicle may encourage further consumption of walnuts, and walnut industries may benefit from a revaluation of abundant pellicle-enriched waste streams, leading to increased sustainability and profitability through waste upcycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Abbattista
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Noah G. Feinberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Isabel F. Snodgrass
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - John W. Newman
- Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Davis, CA, United States
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Abhaya M. Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Cuervo L, Méndez C, Salas JA, Olano C, Malmierca MG. Volatile communication in Actinobacteria: a language for secondary metabolism regulation. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:181. [PMID: 38890640 PMCID: PMC11186294 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile compounds are key elements in the interaction and communication between organisms at both interspecific and intraspecific levels. In complex bacterial communities, the emission of these fast-acting chemical messengers allows an exchange of information even at a certain distance that can cause different types of responses in the receiving organisms. The changes in secondary metabolism as a consequence of this interaction arouse great interest in the field of searching for bioactive compounds since they can be used as a tool to activate silenced metabolic pathways. Regarding the great metabolic potential that the Actinobacteria group presents in the production of compounds with attractive properties, we evaluated the reply the emitted volatile compounds can generate in other individuals of the same group. RESULTS We recently reported that volatile compounds released by different streptomycete species trigger the modulation of biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces spp. which finally leads to the activation/repression of the production of secondary metabolites in the recipient strains. Here we present the application of this rationale in a broader bacterial community to evaluate volatiles as signaling effectors that drive the activation of biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in other members of the Actinobacteria group. Using cocultures of different actinobacteria (where only the volatile compounds reach the recipient strain) we were able to modify the bacterial secondary metabolism that drives overproduction (e.g., granaticins, actiphenol, chromomycins) and/or de novo production (e.g., collismycins, skyllamycins, cosmomycins) of compounds belonging to different chemical species that present important biological activities. CONCLUSIONS This work shows how the secondary metabolism of different Actinobacteria species can vary significantly when exposed in co-culture to the volatile compounds of other phylum-shared bacteria, these effects being variable depending on strains and culture media. This approach can be applied to the field of new drug discovery to increase the battery of bioactive compounds produced by bacteria that can potentially be used in treatments for humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Cuervo
- Department Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carmen Méndez
- Department Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A Salas
- Department Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos Olano
- Department Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mónica G Malmierca
- Department Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- University Institute of Oncology of Asturias (I.U.O.P.A), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
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9
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Haas RA, Crișan I, Vârban D, Vârban R. Aerobiology of the Family Lamiaceae: Novel Perspectives with Special Reference to Volatiles Emission. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1687. [PMID: 38931119 PMCID: PMC11207455 DOI: 10.3390/plants13121687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lamiaceae is a botanical family rich in aromatic species that are in high demand such as basil, lavender, mint, oregano, sage, and thyme. It has great economical, ecological, ethnobotanical, and floristic importance. The aim of this work is to provide an updated view on the aerobiology of species from the family Lamiaceae, with an emphasis on novelties and emerging applications. From the aerobiology point of view, the greatest interest in this botanical family is related to the volatile organic compounds emitted by the plants and, to a much lesser extent, their pollen. Research has shown that the major volatile organic compounds emitted by the plants from this botanical family are monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. The most important monoterpenes reported across studies include α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, menthol, limonene, and γ-terpinene. Most reports tend to cover species from the subfamily Nepetoideae. Volatile oils are produced by glandular trichomes found on aerial organs. Based on general morphology, two main types are found in the family Lamiaceae, namely peltate and capitate trichomes. As a result of pollinator-mediated transfer of pollen, Lamiaceae species present a reduced number of stamens and quantity of pollen. This might explain the low probability of pollen presence in the air from these species. A preliminary synopsis of the experimental evidence presented in this work suggests that the interplay of the organic particles and molecules released by these plants and their environment could be leveraged for beneficial outcomes in agriculture and landscaping. Emerging reports propose their use for intercropping to ensure the success of fructification, increased yield of entomophilous crops, as well as in sensory gardens due to the therapeutic effect of volatiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioana Crișan
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca, Calea Mănăștur Street No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.A.H.); (D.V.); (R.V.)
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10
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Mendoza-Mendoza A, Esquivel-Naranjo EU, Soth S, Whelan H, Alizadeh H, Echaide-Aquino JF, Kandula D, Hampton JG. Uncovering the multifaceted properties of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone for control of plant pathogens. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1420068. [PMID: 38957597 PMCID: PMC11217547 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1420068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by microorganisms have the ability to inhibit the growth and development of plant pathogens, induce the activation of plant defenses, and promote plant growth. Among them, 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP), a ketone produced by Trichoderma fungi, has emerged as a focal point of interest. 6-PP has been isolated and characterized from thirteen Trichoderma species and is the main VOC produced, often accounting for >50% of the total VOCs emitted. This review examines abiotic and biotic interactions regulating the production of 6-PP by Trichoderma, and the known effects of 6-PP on plant pathogens through direct and indirect mechanisms including induced systemic resistance. While there are many reports of 6-PP activity against plant pathogens, the vast majority have been from laboratory studies involving only 6-PP and the pathogen, rather than glasshouse or field studies including a host plant in the system. Biopesticides based on 6-PP may well provide an eco-friendly, sustainable management tool for future agricultural production. However, before this can happen, challenges including demonstrating disease control efficacy in the field, developing efficient delivery systems, and determining cost-effective application rates must be overcome before 6-PP's potential for pathogen control can be turned into reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edgardo Ulises Esquivel-Naranjo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
- Unit for Basic and Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Sereyboth Soth
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Helen Whelan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Hossein Alizadeh
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Diwakar Kandula
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - John G. Hampton
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand
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11
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Heuel KC, Haßlberger TA, Ayasse M, Burger H. Floral Trait Preferences of Three Common wild Bee Species. INSECTS 2024; 15:427. [PMID: 38921142 PMCID: PMC11203783 DOI: 10.3390/insects15060427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The interaction between bees and flowering plants is mediated by floral cues that enable bees to find foraging plants. We tested floral cue preferences among three common wild bee species: Lasioglossum villosulum, Osmia bicornis, and Bombus terrestris. Preferences are well studied in eusocial bees but almost unknown in solitary or non-eusocial generalist bee species. Using standardized artificial flowers altered in single cues, we tested preferences for color hue, achromatic contrast, scent complexity, corolla size, and flower depth. We found common attractive cues among all tested bees. Intensively colored flowers and large floral displays were highly attractive. No preferences were observed in scent complexity experiments, and the number of volatiles did not influence the behavior of bees. Differing preferences were found for color hue. The specific behaviors were probably influenced by foraging experience and depended on the flower choice preferences of the tested bee species. In experiments testing different flower depths of reward presentation, the bees chose flat flowers that afforded low energy costs. The results reveal that generalist wild bee species other than well-studied honeybees and bumblebees show strong preferences for distinct floral cues to find potential host plants. The diverse preferences of wild bees ensure the pollination of various flowering plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim C. Heuel
- Institute for Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics, University of Ulm, 89077 Ulm, Germany (M.A.); (H.B.)
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12
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Cavaco T, Faria JMS. Phytochemical Volatiles as Potential Bionematicides with Safer Ecotoxicological Properties. TOXICS 2024; 12:406. [PMID: 38922086 PMCID: PMC11209200 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The management of plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) still relies on traditional nematicides that threaten the environment and human health. Novel solutions are urgently needed for PPN pest management that are effective while safeguarding non-target organisms. Volatile phytochemicals belong to a structurally diverse group of bioactive metabolites that are believed to hold safer environmental characteristics than synthetic pesticides. Nonetheless, not many studies have analysed the potential environmental benefits of shifting to these novel bionematicides. In the present study, 20 phytochemical volatiles with reported nematicidal activity were compared to traditional pesticides using specific parameters of environmental and human health safety available on applied online databases and predicted in silico through specialised software. Overall, the reviewed nematicidal phytochemicals were reportedly less toxic than synthetic nematicides. They were predicted to disperse to the air and soil environmental compartments and were reported to have a lower toxicity on aquatic organisms. On the contrary, the synthetic nematicides were reportedly toxic to aquatic organisms while showing a predicted high affinity to the water environmental compartment. As alternatives, β-keto or fatty acid derivatives, e.g., aliphatic alcohols or ketones, showed more adequate properties. This study highlights the importance of complementing studies on nematicidal activity with a risk assessment-based analysis to allow for a faster selection of nematicidal phytochemical volatiles and to leverage the development and implementation of bionematicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Cavaco
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-107 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. S. Faria
- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária (INIAV, I.P.), Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;
- GREEN-IT Bioresources for Sustainability, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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13
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Losch F, Liedtke S, Vautz W, Weigend M. Dataset of volatile organic compound emission patterns from flowers and damaged leaves recorded with gas-chromatography coupled ion mobility spectrometry. Data Brief 2024; 54:110507. [PMID: 38799709 PMCID: PMC11127169 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2024.110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants emit a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as a way of interacting with their biotic and abiotic surroundings. These VOCs can have various ecological functions, such as attracting pollinators, repelling herbivores, or may be emitted in response to abiotic stress. For the present dataset, we used gas chromatography coupled ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) to analyse the VOCs emitted by different plant species under controlled conditions. GC-IMS is a rapid and sensitive technique for gas phase analysis, that separates VOCs based on their retention time and drift time, resulting in characteristic heatmaps where the xy-position of a signal corresponds to compound identity, while signal intensity reflects its abundance. In this dataset, rapid analysis by GC-IMS was used to record emission pattern of 140 plant species from different taxonomic groups. This includes both floral volatiles and emission from leaves after induced damage. The data was pre-evaluated and listed in one table, containing information on the plant material used, as well as information on the respective emission patterns (including already identified compounds). Thus, this dataset provides a broad overview over plant VOC emissions. These can be used to either check the distribution of knowns substances, or the specific emissions of plants for functional, ecological or physiological studies or as the starting point for chemotaxonomic studies. The extraordinary ease with which these data can be generated - with the suitable set-up - lends itself to larger scale systematic or ecological studies across plant (or animal) groups and even ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Losch
- University Bonn, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Bonner Institut für Organismische Biologie, Department Biodiversität der Pflanzen, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sascha Liedtke
- ION-GAS GmbH, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee 11, 44263 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Vautz
- ION-GAS GmbH, Konrad-Adenauer-Allee 11, 44263 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Maximilian Weigend
- University Bonn, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Bonner Institut für Organismische Biologie, Department Biodiversität der Pflanzen, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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14
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Di Francesco A, Moret E, Cignola R, Garagozzo L, Torelli E, Di Foggia M. Yeasts volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential growth enhancers and molds biocontrol agents of mushrooms mycelia. Fungal Biol 2024; 128:1859-1867. [PMID: 38876538 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by yeasts can positively affect crops, acting as antifungals or biostimulants. In this study, Aureobasidium pullulans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima were evaluated as potential antagonists of Trichoderma spp., common fungal pathogen in mushroom cultivation. To assess the biocontrol ability and biostimulant properties of the selected yeast species, in vitro co-culture and VOCs exposure assays were conducted. In both assays, VOCs produced by Aureobasidium spp. showed the stronger antifungal activity with a growth inhibition up to 30 %. This result was further confirmed by the higher volatilome alcohol content revealed by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS). Overall, Aureobasidium strains can be potentially used as biocontrol agent in Pleorotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mycelial growth, without affecting their development as demonstrated by VOCs exposure assay and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Conversely, M. pulcherrima was characterized by a lower or absent antifungal properties and by a volatilome composition rich in isobutyl acetate, an ester often recognized as plant growth promoter. As confirmed by FT-IR, Lentinula mycelia exposed to M. pulcherrima VOCs showed a higher content of proteins and lipids, suggesting an improvement of some biochemical properties. Our study emphasizes that VOCs produced by specific yeast strains are potentially powerful alternative to synthetic fungicide in the vegetative growth of mushroom-forming fungi and also able to modify their biochemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Di Francesco
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Italy.
| | - Erica Moret
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Rudy Cignola
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Garagozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Torelli
- Interdisciplinary Computing and Complex Biosystems Research Group, School of Computing, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michele Di Foggia
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy
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15
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Pagano M, Del Prete S. Symphonies of Growth: Unveiling the Impact of Sound Waves on Plant Physiology and Productivity. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:326. [PMID: 38785808 PMCID: PMC11117645 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The application of sound wave technology to different plant species has revealed that variations in the Hz, sound pressure intensity, treatment duration, and type of setup of the sound source significantly impact the plant performance. A study conducted on cotton plants treated with Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (PAFT) highlighted improvements across various growth metrics. In particular, the treated samples showed increases in the height, size of the fourth expanded leaf from the final one, count of branches carrying bolls, quantity of bolls, and weight of individual bolls. Another study showed how the impact of a 4 kHz sound stimulus positively promoted plant drought tolerance. In other cases, such as in transgenic rice plants, GUS expression was upregulated at 250 Hz but downregulated at 50 Hz. In the same way, sound frequencies have been found to enhance the osmotic potential, with the highest observed in samples treated with frequencies of 0.5 and 0.8 kHz compared to the control. Furthermore, a sound treatment with a frequency of 0.4 kHz and a sound pressure level (SPL) of 106 dB significantly increased the paddy rice germination index, as evidenced by an increase in the stem height and relative fresh weight. This paper presents a complete, rationalized and updated review of the literature on the effects of sound waves on the physiology and growth parameters of sound-treated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Pagano
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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16
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Piesik D, Miler N, Lemańczyk G, Tymoszuk A, Lisiecki K, Bocianowski J, Krawczyk K, Mayhew CA. Induction of volatile organic compounds in chrysanthemum plants following infection by Rhizoctonia solani. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302541. [PMID: 38696430 PMCID: PMC11065281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn infestation on the volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and biochemical composition of ten cultivars of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium /Ramat./ Hemsl.) to bring new insights for future disease management strategies and the development of resistant chrysanthemum cultivars. The chrysanthemum plants were propagated vegetatively and cultivated in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions. VOCs emitted by the plants were collected using a specialized system and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Biochemical analyses of the leaves were performed, including the extraction and quantification of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds. The emission of VOCs varied among the cultivars, with some cultivars producing a wider range of VOCs compared to others. The analysis of the VOC emissions from control plants revealed differences in both their quality and quantity among the tested cultivars. R. solani infection influenced the VOC emissions, with different cultivars exhibiting varying responses to the infection. Statistical analyses confirmed the significant effects of cultivar, collection time, and their interaction on the VOCs. Correlation analyses revealed positive relationships between certain pairs of VOCs. The results show significant differences in the biochemical composition among the cultivars, with variations in chlorophyll, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds content. Interestingly, R. solani soil and leaf infestation decreased the content of carotenoids in chrysanthemums. Plants subjected to soil infestation were characterized with the highest content of phenolics. This study unveils alterations in the volatile and biochemical responses of chrysanthemum plants to R. solani infestation, which can contribute to the development of strategies for disease management and the improvement of chrysanthemum cultivars with enhanced resistance to R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Piesik
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Miler
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Lemańczyk
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Alicja Tymoszuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Horticulture, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Karol Lisiecki
- Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jan Bocianowski
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Krawczyk
- Department of Virology and Bacteriology, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
| | - Chris A. Mayhew
- Institute for Breath Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innrain, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Demiwal P, Mir JI, Sircar D. A non-invasive method for phenotyping scab-tolerant apple plants using volatile organic compounds. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14377. [PMID: 38837251 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
One of the most devastating diseases of apples is scab, caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis. Most commercial apple varieties are susceptible to this disease; only a few are resistant. Breeding approaches are being used to develop better apple varieties that are resistant to scab. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute greatly to a plant's phenotype, and their emission profile largely depends on the genotype. In the non-destructive phenotyping of plants, VOCs can be used as biomarkers. In this study, we assessed non-destructively the scab tolerance potential of resistant (cv. 'Prima') and susceptible (cv. 'Oregon Spur') apple cultivars by comparing their major leaf VOC compositions and relative proportions. A comparison of the leaf VOC profiles of the two cultivars revealed 16 different VOCs, with cis-3-hexenyl acetate (3HA) emerging as a biomarker of cultivar differences. V. inaequalis growth was significantly inhibited in vitro by 3HA treatment. 3HA was significantly effective in reducing scab symptoms on V. inaequalis-inoculated leaves of 'Oregon Spur.' The resistant cultivar 'Prima' also exhibited higher lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and α-linolenic acid (ALA) levels, suggesting that V. inaequalis resistance is linked to LOX activity and 3HA biosynthesis. This study proposes 3HA as a potential biomarker for rapid non-destructive screening of scab-resistant apple germplasm of 'Prima' based on leaf VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Demiwal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Javid Iqbal Mir
- Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture (ICAR-CITH), Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Debabrata Sircar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
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18
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Chen S, Ye M, Kuai P, Chen L, Lou Y. Silencing an ATP-Dependent Caseinolytic Protease Proteolytic Subunit Gene Enhances the Resistance of Rice to Nilaparvata lugens. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3699. [PMID: 38612510 PMCID: PMC11011769 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent caseinolytic protease (Clp) system has been reported to play an important role in plant growth, development, and defense against pathogens. However, whether the Clp system is involved in plant defense against herbivores remains largely unclear. We explore the role of the Clp system in rice defenses against brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens by combining chemical analysis, transcriptome, and molecular analyses, as well as insect bioassays. We found the expression of a rice Clp proteolytic subunit gene, OsClpP6, was suppressed by infestation of BPH gravid females and mechanical wounding. Silencing OsClpP6 enhanced the level of BPH-induced jasmonic acid (JA), JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile), and ABA, which in turn promoted the production of BPH-elicited rice volatiles and increased the resistance of rice to BPH. Field trials showed that silencing OsClpP6 decreased the population densities of BPH and WBPH. We also observed that silencing OsClpP6 decreased chlorophyll content in rice leaves at early developmental stages and impaired rice root growth and seed setting rate. These findings demonstrate that an OsClpP6-mediated Clp system in rice was involved in plant growth-defense trade-offs by affecting the biosynthesis of defense-related signaling molecules in chloroplasts. Moreover, rice plants, after recognizing BPH infestation, can enhance rice resistance to BPH by decreasing the Clp system activity. The work might provide a new way to breed rice varieties that are resistant to herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yonggen Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Breeding and Biology & Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (S.C.); (M.Y.); (P.K.); (L.C.)
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19
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Stirling SA, Guercio AM, Patrick RM, Huang XQ, Bergman ME, Dwivedi V, Kortbeek RWJ, Liu YK, Sun F, Tao WA, Li Y, Boachon B, Shabek N, Dudareva N. Volatile communication in plants relies on a KAI2-mediated signaling pathway. Science 2024; 383:1318-1325. [PMID: 38513014 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Plants are constantly exposed to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are released during plant-plant communication, within-plant self-signaling, and plant-microbe interactions. Therefore, understanding VOC perception and downstream signaling is vital for unraveling the mechanisms behind information exchange in plants, which remain largely unexplored. Using the hormone-like function of volatile terpenoids in reproductive organ development as a system with a visual marker for communication, we demonstrate that a petunia karrikin-insensitive receptor, PhKAI2ia, stereospecifically perceives the (-)-germacrene D signal, triggering a KAI2-mediated signaling cascade and affecting plant fitness. This study uncovers the role(s) of the intermediate clade of KAI2 receptors, illuminates the involvement of a KAI2ia-dependent signaling pathway in volatile communication, and provides new insights into plant olfaction and the long-standing question about the nature of potential endogenous KAI2 ligand(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon A Stirling
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Angelica M Guercio
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ryan M Patrick
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xing-Qi Huang
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Matthew E Bergman
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Varun Dwivedi
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ruy W J Kortbeek
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yi-Kai Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fuai Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - W Andy Tao
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Benoît Boachon
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, CNRS, LBVpam UMR 5079, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nitzan Shabek
- Department of Plant Biology, College of Biological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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20
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van Griethuysen PA, Redeker KR, MacFarlane SA, Neilson R, Hartley SE. Virus-induced changes in root volatiles attract soil nematode vectors to infected plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2275-2286. [PMID: 38327027 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Plant-derived volatiles mediate interactions among plants, pathogenic viruses, and viral vectors. These volatile-dependent mechanisms have not been previously demonstrated belowground, despite their likely significant role in soil ecology and agricultural pest impacts. We investigated how the plant virus, tobacco rattle virus (TRV), attracts soil nematode vectors to infected plants. We infected Nicotiana benthamiana with TRV and compared root growth relative to that of uninfected plants. We tested whether TRV-infected N. benthamiana was more attractive to nematodes 7 d post infection and identified a compound critical to attraction. We also infected N. benthamiana with mutated TRV strains to identify virus genes involved in vector nematode attraction. Virus titre and associated impacts on root morphology were greatest 7 d post infection. Tobacco rattle virus infection enhanced 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production. Nematode chemotaxis and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol production correlated strongly with viral load. Uninfected plants were more attractive to nematodes after the addition of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol than were untreated plants. Mutation of TRV RNA2-encoded genes reduced the production of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol and nematode attraction. For the first time, this demonstrates that virus-driven alterations in root volatile emissions lead to increased chemotaxis of the virus's nematode vector, a finding with implications for sustainable management of both nematodes and viral pathogens in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly R Redeker
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, YO1 5DD, UK
| | - Stuart A MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Roy Neilson
- Ecological Sciences Department, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Sue E Hartley
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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21
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Kim H, Kim M, Jang Y. Inhaled Volatile Molecules-Responsive TRP Channels as Non-Olfactory Receptors. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2024; 32:192-204. [PMID: 37551139 PMCID: PMC10902705 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2023.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Generally, odorant molecules are detected by olfactory receptors, which are specialized chemoreceptors expressed in olfactory neurons. Besides odorant molecules, certain volatile molecules can be inhaled through the respiratory tract, often leading to pathophysiological changes in the body. These inhaled molecules mediate cellular signaling through the activation of the Ca2+-permeable transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in peripheral tissues. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TRP channels that are involved in the detection and response to volatile molecules, including hazardous substances, anesthetics, plant-derived compounds, and pheromones. The review aims to shed light on the biological mechanisms underlying the sensing of inhaled volatile molecules. Therefore, this review will contribute to a better understanding of the roles of TRP channels in the response to inhaled molecules, providing insights into their implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsup Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, Republic of Korea
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22
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Jaiswal S, Tripathi DK, Gupta R, He J, Chen ZH, Singh VP. Methyl-salicylate: A surveillance system for triggering immunity in neighboring plants. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:163-165. [PMID: 38314644 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
After being infested by aphids, plants trigger a signaling pathway that involves methyl salicylate as an airborne signaling molecule. Thus, the regulation of communication for systemically acquired resistance produced via methyl salicylate is helpful in generating stress resistance among plants against aphid infestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Jaiswal
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707, South Korea
| | - Jing He
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 2751, New South Wales, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 2751, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree College, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211002, India
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23
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Lo MM, Benfodda Z, Molinié R, Meffre P. Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted by Flowers: Ecological Roles, Production by Plants, Extraction, and Identification. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:417. [PMID: 38337950 PMCID: PMC10857460 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with a large chemical diversity are emitted by plant flowers. These compounds play an important role in the ecology of plants. This review presents the different ecological roles of VOCs present in the odor plumes of plant flowers, such as pollination, defense, adaptation to their environment, and communication with other organisms. The production and accumulation sites of VOCs in plants with their spatial and temporal variations, including environmental issues, are also summarized. To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative chemical composition of VOCs, several methods of extraction and analysis were used. Headspace (HS) sampling coupled with solid phase microextraction (SPME) is now well-developed for the extraction process. Parameters are known, and several fibers are now available to optimize this extraction. Most of the time, SPME is coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine the structural identification of the VOCs, paying attention to the use of several complementary methods for identification like the use of databases, retention indices, and, when available, comparison with authentic standards analyses. The development of the knowledge on VOCs emitted by flowers is of great importance for plant ecology in the context of environmental and climate changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mame-Marietou Lo
- UPR Détection, Évaluation, Gestion des Risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME), UNIV. NIMES, CEDEX 1, F-30021 Nîmes, France; (M.-M.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zohra Benfodda
- UPR Détection, Évaluation, Gestion des Risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME), UNIV. NIMES, CEDEX 1, F-30021 Nîmes, France; (M.-M.L.); (Z.B.)
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMR INRAE 1158 Transfrontaliére BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, UFR de Pharmacie, F-80037 Amiens, France;
| | - Patrick Meffre
- UPR Détection, Évaluation, Gestion des Risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME), UNIV. NIMES, CEDEX 1, F-30021 Nîmes, France; (M.-M.L.); (Z.B.)
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24
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El-Sappah AH, Yan K, Li J. The plant is neither dumb nor deaf; it talks and hears. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38281239 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Animals and insects communicate using vibrations that are frequently too low or too high for human ears to detect. Plants and trees can communicate and sense sound. Khait et al. used a dependable recording system to capture airborne sounds produced by stressed plants. In addition to allowing plants to communicate their stress, sound aids in plant defense, development, and resilience. It also serves as a warning that danger is approaching. Demey et al. and others discussed the audit examinations that were conducted to investigate sound discernment in plants at the atomic and biological levels. The biological significance of sound in plants, the morphophysiological response of plants to sound, and the airborne noises that plants make and can hear from a few meters away were all discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H El-Sappah
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Kuan Yan
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Agriculture, Forestry, and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, China
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25
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Toporkova YY, Smirnova EO, Gorina SS. Epoxyalcohol Synthase Branch of Lipoxygenase Cascade. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:821-841. [PMID: 38248355 PMCID: PMC10813956 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are one of the most important classes of bioregulators, biosynthesized through the oxidative metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in various aerobic organisms. Oxylipins are bioregulators that maintain homeostasis at the cellular and organismal levels. The most important oxylipins are mammalian eicosanoids and plant octadecanoids. In plants, the main source of oxylipins is the lipoxygenase cascade, the key enzymes of which are nonclassical cytochromes P450 of the CYP74 family, namely allene oxide synthases (AOSs), hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs), and divinyl ether synthases (DESs). The most well-studied plant oxylipins are jasmonates (AOS products) and traumatin and green leaf volatiles (HPL products), whereas other oxylipins remain outside of the focus of researchers' attention. Among them, there is a large group of epoxy hydroxy fatty acids (epoxyalcohols), whose biosynthesis has remained unclear for a long time. In 2008, the first epoxyalcohol synthase of lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, BfEAS (CYP440A1), was discovered. The present review collects data on EASs discovered after BfEAS and enzymes exhibiting EAS activity along with other catalytic activities. This review also presents the results of a study on the evolutionary processes possibly occurring within the P450 superfamily as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Y. Toporkova
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, P.O. Box 261, 420111 Kazan, Russia; (E.O.S.); (S.S.G.)
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26
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Yang H, Song J, Yu X. Artemisia baimaensis allelopathy has a negative effect on the establishment of Elymus nutans artificial grassland in natural grassland. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2023; 18:2163349. [PMID: 36645912 PMCID: PMC9851241 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2163349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Planting Elymus nutans artificial grassland to replace degraded Artemisia baimaensis grassland on the Qinghai Tibetan plateau (QTP) can effectively alleviate local grass-livestock imbalance. However, it is unknown whether the allelopathy of natural grassland plant A. baimaensis on E. nutans affects grassland establishment. Accordingly, we examined the effects of varying concentrations of aqueous extracts of A. baimaensis litter on the seed germination and early seedling growth of E. nutans, and the effects of A. baimaensis volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the growth parameters and physiological characteristics of E. nutans. The results indicate that the aqueous extract inhibited the force, percentage, and index of germination of E. nutans and affected early seedling growth, particularly at high concentrations. Further, the VOCs significantly reduced the aboveground and root biomass of E. nutans and increased malondialdehyde concentrations. Additionally, these VOCs altered the antioxidant enzyme activities and increased the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbic acid peroxidase, soluble sugar, and proline content but significantly decreased glutathione reductase levels. Our results indicate that the allelopathy of A. baimaensis significantly inhibited the germination and seedling growth of E. nutans . Thus, the leaching of A. baimaensis may produce allelochemicals in the soil that inhibit the germination of E. nutans seeds. Moreover, the VOCs of A. baimaensis may disrupt the growth process, resulting in a decrease in biomass and a disruption of the physiological metabolism of seedlings under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianchao Song
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S, Lanzhou, China
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Yue Y, Zhang X, Wang L, He J, Yang S, Li X, Yu Y, Yu R, Fan Y. Identification and Characterization of Jasmonic Acid Methyltransferase Involved in the Formation of Floral Methyl Jasmonate in Hedychium coronarium. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:8. [PMID: 38202316 PMCID: PMC10780636 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Hedychium coronarium is a popular ornamental flower in tropical and subtropical areas due to its elegant appearance and inviting fragrance. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is one of the volatile compounds in the blooming flowers of H. coronarium. However, the molecular mechanism underlying floral MeJA formation is still unclear in H. coronarium. In this study, a total of 12 SABATH family genes were identified in the genome of H. coronarium, and their encoded proteins range from 366 to 387 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven clades in the SABATH family and a JMT ortholog clade, including two HcSABATH members. Combined with expression profiling of HcSABATH members, HcJMT1 was identified as the top candidate gene for floral MeJA biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme assays showed that HcJMT1 can catalyze the production of MeJA from jasmonic acid. Gene expression analysis indicated that HcJMT1 exhibited the highest expression in the labella and lateral petals, the major sites of MeJA emission. During flower development, the two MeJA isomers, major isomers in the products of the HcJMT1 protein, were released after anthesis, in which stage HcJMT1 displayed high expression. Our results indicated that HcJMT1 is involved in the formation of floral MeJA in H. coronarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuechong Yue
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Lan Wang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jieling He
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shengnan Yang
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xinyue Li
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yunyi Yu
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rangcai Yu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Yanping Fan
- The Research Center for Ornamental Plants, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (Y.Y.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (J.H.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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28
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Dötterl S, Gershenzon J. Chemistry, biosynthesis and biology of floral volatiles: roles in pollination and other functions. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1901-1937. [PMID: 37661854 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00024a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2010 to 2023Floral volatiles are a chemically diverse group of plant metabolites that serve multiple functions. Their composition is shaped by environmental, ecological and evolutionary factors. This review will summarize recent advances in floral scent research from chemical, molecular and ecological perspectives. It will focus on the major chemical classes of floral volatiles, on notable new structures, and on recent discoveries regarding the biosynthesis and the regulation of volatile emission. Special attention will be devoted to the various functions of floral volatiles, not only as attractants for different types of pollinators, but also as defenses of flowers against enemies. We will also summarize recent findings on how floral volatiles are affected by abiotic stressors, such as increased temperatures and drought, and by other organisms, such as herbivores and flower-dwelling microbes. Finally, this review will indicate current research gaps, such as the very limited knowledge of the isomeric pattern of chiral compounds and its importance in interspecific interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Dötterl
- Department of Environment & Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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29
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Ali S, Tyagi A, Park S, Bae H. Understanding the mechanobiology of phytoacoustics through molecular Lens: Mechanisms and future perspectives. J Adv Res 2023:S2090-1232(23)00398-3. [PMID: 38101748 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How plants emit, perceive, and respond to sound vibrations (SVs) is a long-standing question in the field of plant sensory biology. In recent years, there have been numerous studies on how SVs affect plant morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits related to growth and adaptive responses. For instance, under drought SVs navigate plant roots towards water, activate their defence responses against stressors, and increase nectar sugar in response to pollinator SVs. Also, plants emit SVs during stresses which are informative in terms of ecological and adaptive perspective. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the SV perception and emission in plants remain largely unknown. Therefore, deciphering the complexity of plant-SV interactions and identifying bonafide receptors and signaling players will be game changers overcoming the roadblocks in phytoacoustics. AIM OF REVIEW The aim of this review is to provide an overview of recent developments in phytoacoustics. We primarily focuss on SV signal perception and transduction with current challenges and future perspectives. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Timeline breakthroughs in phytoacoustics have constantly shaped our understanding and belief that plants may emit and respond to SVs like other species. However, unlike other plant mechanostimuli, little is known about SV perception and signal transduction. Here, we provide an update on phytoacoustics and its ecological importance. Next, we discuss the role of cell wall receptor-like kinases, mechanosensitive channels, intracellular organelle signaling, and other key players involved in plant-SV receptive pathways that connect them. We also highlight the role of calcium (Ca2+), reactive oxygen species (ROS), hormones, and other emerging signaling molecules in SV signal transduction. Further, we discuss the importance of molecular, biophysical, computational, and live cell imaging tools for decoding the molecular complexity of acoustic signaling in plants. Finally, we summarised the role of SV priming in plants and discuss how SVs could modulate plant defense and growth trade-offs during other stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Anshika Tyagi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvin Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanhong Bae
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan Gyeongbuk 38541, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Penna S, Jain SM. Editorial: Innovative technologies and advancements in designing custom-made ornamental plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1348949. [PMID: 38152145 PMCID: PMC10751918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1348949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suprasanna Penna
- Amity Centre for Nuclear Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University of Maharashtra, Mumbai, India
| | - Shri Mohan Jain
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Tandel J, Tandel Y, Kapadia C, Singh S, Gandhi K, Datta R, Singh S, Yirgu A. Nontargeted Metabolite Profiling of the Most Prominent Indian Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars Using Different Extraction Methods. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40184-40205. [PMID: 37929128 PMCID: PMC10620928 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Aroma has a crucial role in assessing the quality of fresh fruit and its processed versions, which serve as reliable indications for advancing local cultivars in the mango industry. The aroma of mango is attributed to a complex of hundreds of volatile, polar, and nonpolar metabolites belonging to different chemical classes like monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, nonterpene hydrocarbons (alkanes), alcohols, esters, fatty acids, aldehydes, lactones, amides, amines, ethers, and many more. This study looked at the volatile, nonpolar, and polar metabolites from 16 mango cultivars to determine their relative quantities and intervarietal changes using hexane, ethanol, and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In total, 58 volatile compounds through SPME, 50 nonpolar metabolites from hexane extract, and 52 polar metabolites from ethanol extract were detected from all of the cultivars, belonging to various chemical classes. Through the SPME method, all 16 mango cultivars except Dashehari and Neelum exhibited abundant monoterpenes with maximum concentration in Kesar (91.00%) and minimum in Amrapali (60.66%). However, the abundance of fatty acids and sesquiterpenes was detected in Dashehari (37.91%) and Neelum (74.80%), respectively. In the hexane extract, 23 nonterpene hydrocarbons exhibited abundance in all 16 mango cultivars except Baneshan, with a higher concentration in Dashehari (95.45%) and lower in Ratna (77.63%). The ethanol extraction of 16 mango cultivars showed a higher concentration of esters, aldehydes, alcohols, and amides in Jamadar (52.16%), Dadamio (74.30%), Langra (64.38%), and Kesar (37.10%), respectively. There have been a lot of metabolite variations observed and analyzed using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) based on the similarity of various chemical compounds. Cluster analysis revealed the true similarity and pedigree of different mango cultivars, viz., Neeleswari, Dashehari, Neelum, Alphonso, Baneshan, Sonpari, and Neeleshan. They occupied the same cluster during analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal Tandel
- Department
of Fruit Science, Aspee College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, India
| | - Yatin Tandel
- Department
of Fruit Science, Aspee College of Horticulture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari 396450, India
| | - Chintan Kapadia
- Aspee
Shakilam Biotechnology Institute, Navsari
Agricultural University, God Dod Road, Athwa Farm, Surat, Gujarat 395007, India
| | - Susheel Singh
- Food
Quality Testing Laboratory, N. M. College Of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India
| | - Kelvin Gandhi
- Food
Quality Testing Laboratory, N. M. College Of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat 396450, India
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department
of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department
of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat 384315, India
| | - Abraham Yirgu
- Researcher
II, Central Ethiopia Environment and Forestry Research Centre, P.O. Box 33042 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Mayer VE, Voglmayr H, Blatrix R, Orivel J, Leroy C. Fungi as mutualistic partners in ant-plant interactions. FRONTIERS IN FUNGAL BIOLOGY 2023; 4:1213997. [PMID: 37850069 PMCID: PMC10577302 DOI: 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1213997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Associations between fungi and ants living in mutualistic relationship with plants ("plant-ants") have been known for a long time. However, only in recent years has the mutualistic nature, frequency, and geographical extent of associations between tropical arboreal ants with fungi of the ascomycete order Chaetothyriales and Capnodiales (belonging to the so-called "Black Fungi") become clear. Two groups of arboreal ants displaying different nesting strategies are associated with ascomycete fungi: carton-building ants that construct nest walls and galleries on stems, branches or below leaves which are overgrown by fungal hyphae, and plant-ants that make their nests inside living plants (myrmecophytes) in plant provided cavities (domatia) where ants cultivate fungi in small delimited "patches". In this review we summarize the current knowledge about these unsuspected plant-ant-fungus interactions. The data suggest, that at least some of these ant-associated fungi seem to have coevolved with ants over a long period of time and have developed specific adaptations to this lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika E. Mayer
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research – Division of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Hermann Voglmayr
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research – Mycology Research Group, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Rumsais Blatrix
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Orivel
- EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
| | - Céline Leroy
- EcoFoG, AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, France
- AMAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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33
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Jiang H, Zhang M, Yu F, Li X, Jin J, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Jing T, Wan X, Schwab W, Song C. A geraniol synthase regulates plant defense via alternative splicing in tea plants. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad184. [PMID: 37885816 PMCID: PMC10599320 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Geraniol is an important contributor to the pleasant floral scent of tea products and one of the most abundant aroma compounds in tea plants; however, its biosynthesis and physiological function in response to stress in tea plants remain unclear. The proteins encoded by the full-length terpene synthase (CsTPS1) and its alternative splicing isoform (CsTPS1-AS) could catalyze the formation of geraniol when GPP was used as a substrate in vitro, whereas the expression of CsTPS1-AS was only significantly induced by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Neopestalotiopsis sp. infection. Silencing of CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS resulted in a significant decrease of geraniol content in tea plants. The geraniol content and disease resistance of tea plants were compared when CsTPS1 and CsTPS1-AS were silenced. Down-regulation of the expression of CsTPS1-AS reduced the accumulation of geraniol, and the silenced tea plants exhibited greater susceptibility to pathogen infection than control plants. However, there was no significant difference observed in the geraniol content and pathogen resistance between CsTPS1-silenced plants and control plants in the tea plants infected with two pathogens. Further analysis showed that silencing of CsTPS1-AS led to a decrease in the expression of the defense-related genes PR1 and PR2 and SA pathway-related genes in tea plants, which increased the susceptibility of tea plants to pathogens infections. Both in vitro and in vivo results indicated that CsTPS1 is involved in the regulation of geraniol formation and plant defense via alternative splicing in tea plants. The results of this study provide new insights into geraniol biosynthesis and highlight the role of monoterpene synthases in modulating plant disease resistance via alternative splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Feng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Youjia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biolog and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 West Changjiang Road, Hefei 230036, China
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Xiong YZ, Kappel C, Hagemann L, Jantzen F, Wozniak N, Sicard A, Huang SQ, Lenhard M. Testing the effect of individual scent compounds on pollinator attraction in nature using quasi-isogenic Capsella lines. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16237. [PMID: 37661924 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Floral scent, usually consisting of multiple compounds, is a complex trait, and its role in pollinator attraction has received increasing attention. However, disentangling the effect of individual floral scent compounds is difficult due to the complexity of isolating the effect of single compounds by traditional methods. METHODS Using available quasi-isogenic lines (qILs) that were generated as part of the original mapping of the floral scent volatile-related loci CNL1 (benzaldehyde) and TPS2 (β-ocimene) in Capsella, we generated four genotypes that should only differ in these two compounds. Plants of the four genotypes were introduced into a common garden outside the natural range of C. rubella or C. grandiflora, with individuals of a self-compatible C. grandiflora line as pollen donors, whose different genetic background facilitates the detection of outcrossing events. Visitors to flowers of all five genotypes were compared, and the seeds set during the common-garden period were collected for high-throughput amplicon-based sequencing to estimate their outcrossing rates. RESULTS Benzaldehyde and β-ocimene emissions were detected in the floral scent of corresponding genotypes. While some pollinator groups showed specific visitation preferences depending on scent compounds, the outcrossing rates in seeds did not vary among the four scent-manipulated genotypes. CONCLUSIONS The scent-manipulated Capsella materials constructed using qILs provide a powerful system to study the ecological effects of individual floral scent compounds under largely natural environments. In Capsella, individual benzaldehyde and β-ocimene emission may act as attractants for different types of pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ze Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Avenue 152, 430079, Wuhan, China
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Christian Kappel
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Laura Hagemann
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Jantzen
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natalia Wozniak
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Adrien Sicard
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala Biocenter, BOX 7080, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shuang-Quan Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Luoyu Avenue 152, 430079, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael Lenhard
- Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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Kasote D, Lee J, Sreenivasulu N. Editorial: Volatilomics in plant and agricultural research: recent trends. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1289998. [PMID: 37841633 PMCID: PMC10570788 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1289998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kasote
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Jisun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Rice Breeding Innovation Department, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
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Kyriakou S, Potamiti L, Demosthenous N, Amery T, Stewart K, Winyard PG, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. A Naturally Derived Watercress Flower-Based Phenethyl Isothiocyanate-Enriched Extract Induces the Activation of Intrinsic Apoptosis via Subcellular Ultrastructural and Ca 2+ Efflux Alterations in an In Vitro Model of Human Malignant Melanoma. Nutrients 2023; 15:4044. [PMID: 37764828 PMCID: PMC10537737 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to (i) extract isolated fractions of watercress flowers enriched in polyphenols, phenethyl isothiocyanate and glucosinolates and (ii) characterize the anticancer mode of action of non-lethal, sub-lethal and lethal concentrations of the most potent extract fraction in primary (A375) and metastatic (COLO-679) melanoma cells as well as non-tumorigenic immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Cytotoxicity was assessed via the Alamar Blue assay, whereas ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were determined via transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was determined using Mito-MP dye, whereas apoptosis was evaluated through the activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9. Among all extract fractions, the phenethyl isothiocyanate-enriched one (PhEF) possessed significant cytotoxicity against A375 and COLO-679 cells, while HaCaT cells remained relatively resistant at sub-lethal and lethal concentrations. Additionally, ultrastructural subcellular alterations associated with apoptosis were observed by means of increased mitochondrial area and perimeter, decreased cristae density and a shorter distance of the endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria, all taking place during "early" time points (2-4 h) of exposure. Moreover, PhEF induced mitochondrial membrane depolarization associated with "late" time points (24 h) of exposure, thereby leading to the activation of intrinsic apoptosis. Finally, the inhibition of cytosolic Ca2+ efflux reduced levels of caspases-9 and -3 activity, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+ efflux in modulating the activation of intrinsic apoptosis. To conclude, our data demonstrate an association of "early" ultrastructural alterations in mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum with the "late" induction of intrinsic apoptosis via the modulation of Ca2+ efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Louiza Potamiti
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Nikoletta Demosthenous
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
| | - Tom Amery
- The Watercress Company, Dorchester DT2 8QY, UK;
| | - Kyle Stewart
- Watercress Research Limited, Exeter EX5 2GE, UK; (K.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Paul G. Winyard
- Watercress Research Limited, Exeter EX5 2GE, UK; (K.S.); (P.G.W.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus; (S.K.); (L.P.); (N.D.)
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Ribeiro TFL, Oliveira DJDA, da Costa JG, Gutierrez MAM, de Oliveira EJ, Ribeiro Junior KAL, Goulart HF, Riffel A, Santana AEG. Volatile Organic Compounds from Cassava Plants Confer Resistance to the Whitefly Aleurothrixus aepim (Goeldi, 1886). INSECTS 2023; 14:762. [PMID: 37754730 PMCID: PMC10531547 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Cassava is an essential tuber crop used to produce food, feed, and beverages. Whitefly pests, including Aleurothrixus aepim (Goeldi, 1886) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), significantly affect cassava-based agroecosystems. Plant odours have been described as potential pest management tools, and the cassava clone M Ecuador 72 has been used by breeders as an essential source of resistance. In this study, we analysed and compared the volatile compounds released by this resistant clone and a susceptible genotype, BRS Jari. Constitutive odours were collected from young plants and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometric tools. The resistant genotype released numerous compounds with previously described biological activity and substantial amounts of the monoterpene (E)-β-ocimene. Whiteflies showed non-preferential behaviour when exposed to volatiles from the resistant genotype but not the susceptible genotype. Furthermore, pure ocimene caused non-preferential behaviour in whiteflies, indicating a role for this compound in repellence. This report provides an example of the intraspecific variation in odour emissions from cassava plants alongside information on odorants that repel whiteflies; these data can be used to devise whitefly management strategies. A better understanding of the genetic variability in cassava odour constituents and emissions under field conditions may accelerate the development of more resistant cassava varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Miguel Angel Martinez Gutierrez
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Karlos Antonio Lisboa Ribeiro Junior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Henrique Fonseca Goulart
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Euzebio Goulart Santana
- Natural Product Research Laboratory (LPqRN), Campus of Engineering and Agrarian Science, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
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Gaube P, Marchenko P, Müller C, Schweiger R, Tenhaken R, Keller A, Junker RR. Inter- and intraspecific phytochemical variation correlate with epiphytic flower and leaf bacterial communities. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1624-1643. [PMID: 37011905 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Microbes associated with flowers and leaves affect plant health and fitness and modify the chemical phenotypes of plants with consequences for interactions of plants with their environment. However, the drivers of bacterial communities colonizing above-ground parts of grassland plants in the field remain largely unknown. We therefore examined the relationships between phytochemistry and the epiphytic bacterial community composition of flowers and leaves of Ranunculus acris and Trifolium pratense. On 252 plant individuals, we characterized primary and specialized metabolites, that is, surface sugars, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and metabolic fingerprints, as well as epiphytic flower and leaf bacterial communities. The genomic potential of bacterial colonizers concerning metabolic capacities was assessed using bacterial reference genomes. Phytochemical composition displayed pronounced variation within and between plant species and organs, which explained part of the variation in bacterial community composition. Correlation network analysis suggests strain-specific correlations with metabolites. Analysis of bacterial reference genomes revealed taxon-specific metabolic capabilities that corresponded with genes involved in glycolysis and adaptation to osmotic stress. Our results show relationships between phytochemistry and the flower and leaf bacterial microbiomes suggesting that plants provide chemical niches for distinct bacterial communities. In turn, bacteria may induce alterations in the plants' chemical phenotype. Thus, our study may stimulate further research on the mechanisms of trait-based community assembly in epiphytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Gaube
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
- Center for Computational and Theoretical Biology, University of Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Polina Marchenko
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Caroline Müller
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rabea Schweiger
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, D-33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Raimund Tenhaken
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Keller
- Cellular and Organismic Networks, Center for Organismic Adaptation (CORA), Faculty of Biology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, D-82152, Germany
| | - Robert R Junker
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, University of Salzburg, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
- Evolutionary Ecology of Plants, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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Wuerz M, Lawson CA, Oakley CA, Possell M, Wilkinson SP, Grossman AR, Weis VM, Suggett DJ, Davy SK. Symbiont Identity Impacts the Microbiome and Volatilome of a Model Cnidarian-Dinoflagellate Symbiosis. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1014. [PMID: 37508443 PMCID: PMC10376011 DOI: 10.3390/biology12071014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The symbiosis between cnidarians and dinoflagellates underpins the success of reef-building corals in otherwise nutrient-poor habitats. Alterations to symbiotic state can perturb metabolic homeostasis and thus alter the release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs). While BVOCs can play important roles in metabolic regulation and signalling, how the symbiotic state affects BVOC output remains unexplored. We therefore characterised the suite of BVOCs that comprise the volatilome of the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana ('Aiptasia') when aposymbiotic and in symbiosis with either its native dinoflagellate symbiont Breviolum minutum or the non-native symbiont Durusdinium trenchii. In parallel, the bacterial community structure in these different symbiotic states was fully characterised to resolve the holobiont microbiome. Based on rRNA analyses, 147 unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were observed across symbiotic states. Furthermore, the microbiomes were distinct across the different symbiotic states: bacteria in the family Vibrionaceae were the most abundant in aposymbiotic anemones; those in the family Crocinitomicaceae were the most abundant in anemones symbiotic with D. trenchii; and anemones symbiotic with B. minutum had the highest proportion of low-abundance ASVs. Across these different holobionts, 142 BVOCs were detected and classified into 17 groups based on their chemical structure, with BVOCs containing multiple functional groups being the most abundant. Isoprene was detected in higher abundance when anemones hosted their native symbiont, and dimethyl sulphide was detected in higher abundance in the volatilome of both Aiptasia-Symbiodiniaceae combinations relative to aposymbiotic anemones. The volatilomes of aposymbiotic anemones and anemones symbiotic with B. minutum were distinct, while the volatilome of anemones symbiotic with D. trenchii overlapped both of the others. Collectively, our results are consistent with previous reports that D. trenchii produces a metabolically sub-optimal symbiosis with Aiptasia, and add to our understanding of how symbiotic cnidarians, including corals, may respond to climate change should they acquire novel dinoflagellate partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Wuerz
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Caitlin A Lawson
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Clinton A Oakley
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Malcolm Possell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Arthur R Grossman
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Virginia M Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - David J Suggett
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- KAUST Reefscape Restoration Initiative (KRRI) and Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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Brouckaert M, Peng M, Höfer R, El Houari I, Darrah C, Storme V, Saeys Y, Vanholme R, Goeminne G, Timokhin VI, Ralph J, Morreel K, Boerjan W. QT-GWAS: A novel method for unveiling biosynthetic loci affecting qualitative metabolic traits. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1212-1227. [PMID: 37349988 PMCID: PMC7614782 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Although the plant kingdom provides an enormous diversity of metabolites with potentially beneficial applications for humankind, a large fraction of these metabolites and their biosynthetic pathways remain unknown. Resolving metabolite structures and their biosynthetic pathways is key to gaining biological understanding and to allow metabolic engineering. In order to retrieve novel biosynthetic genes involved in specialized metabolism, we developed a novel untargeted method designated as qualitative trait GWAS (QT-GWAS) that subjects qualitative metabolic traits to a genome-wide association study, while the conventional metabolite GWAS (mGWAS) mainly considers the quantitative variation of metabolites. As a proof of the validity of QT-GWAS, 23 and 15 of the retrieved associations identified in Arabidopsis thaliana by QT-GWAS and mGWAS, respectively, were supported by previous research. Furthermore, seven gene-metabolite associations retrieved by QT-GWAS were confirmed in this study through reverse genetics combined with metabolomics and/or in vitro enzyme assays. As such, we established that CYTOCHROME P450 706A5 (CYP706A5) is involved in the biosynthesis of chroman derivatives, UDP-GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE 76C3 (UGT76C3) is able to hexosylate guanine in vitro and in planta, and SULFOTRANSFERASE 202B1 (SULT202B1) catalyzes the sulfation of neolignans in vitro. Collectively, our study demonstrates that the untargeted QT-GWAS method can retrieve valid gene-metabolite associations at the level of enzyme-encoding genes, even new associations that cannot be found by the conventional mGWAS, providing a new approach for dissecting qualitative metabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Brouckaert
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Meng Peng
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Höfer
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilias El Houari
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiarina Darrah
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Véronique Storme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Ghent University, Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Vanholme
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Goeminne
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Metabolomics Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vitaliy I Timokhin
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John Ralph
- Department of Biochemistry, and US Department of Energy Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Wisconsin Energy Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kris Morreel
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wout Boerjan
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Demey ML, Mishra RC, Van Der Straeten D. Sound perception in plants: from ecological significance to molecular understanding. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:825-840. [PMID: 37002001 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In addition to positive effects on plant growth and resilience, sound alerts plants of potential danger and aids in defense. Sound guides plants towards essential resources, like water, through phonotropic root growth. Sound also facilitates mutualistic interactions such as buzz pollination. Molecularly, sound induces Ca2+ signatures, K+ fluxes, and an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a mechanosensitive ion channel-dependent fashion. We review the two major open questions in the field of plant acoustics: (i) what is the ecological relevance of sound in plant life, and (ii) how is sound sensed and transduced to evoke a morphophysiological response? We highlight the clear need to combine the ecological and molecular perspectives for a more holistic approach to better understand plant behavior.
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Lin YH, Silven JJM, Wybouw N, Fandino RA, Dekker HL, Vogel H, Wu YL, de Koster C, Große-Wilde E, Haring MA, Schuurink RC, Allmann S. A salivary GMC oxidoreductase of Manduca sexta re-arranges the green leaf volatile profile of its host plant. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3666. [PMID: 37380635 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are short-chain oxylipins that are emitted from plants in response to stress. Previous studies have shown that oral secretions (OS) of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta, introduced into plant wounds during feeding, catalyze the re-arrangement of GLVs from Z-3- to E-2-isomers. This change in the volatile signal however is bittersweet for the insect as it can be used by their natural enemies, as a prey location cue. Here we show that (3Z):(2E)-hexenal isomerase (Hi-1) in M. sexta's OS catalyzes the conversion of the GLV Z-3-hexenal to E-2-hexenal. Hi-1 mutants that were raised on a GLV-free diet showed developmental disorders, indicating that Hi-1 also metabolizes other substrates important for the insect's development. Phylogenetic analysis placed Hi-1 within the GMCβ-subfamily and showed that Hi-1 homologs from other lepidopterans could catalyze similar reactions. Our results indicate that Hi-1 not only modulates the plant's GLV-bouquet but also functions in insect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsien Lin
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juliette J M Silven
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicky Wybouw
- Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard A Fandino
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, US
| | - Henk L Dekker
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Heiko Vogel
- Department of Insect Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Yueh-Lung Wu
- Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chris de Koster
- Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry of Biomolecules, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewald Große-Wilde
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- EXTEMIT-K, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michel A Haring
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert C Schuurink
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Silke Allmann
- Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Thamatam N, Ahn J, Chowdhury M, Sharma A, Gupta P, Marr LC, Nazhandali L, Agah M. A MEMS-enabled portable gas chromatography injection system for trace analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1261:341209. [PMID: 37147055 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing concerns about environmental conditions, public health, and disease diagnostics have led to the rapid development of portable sampling techniques to characterize trace-level volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from various sources. A MEMS-based micropreconcentrator (μPC) is one such approach that drastically reduces the size, weight, and power constraints offering greater sampling flexibility in many applications. However, the adoption of μPCs on a commercial scale is hindered by a lack of thermal desorption units (TDUs) that easily integrate μPCs with gas chromatography (GC) systems equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) or a mass spectrometer (MS). Here, we report a highly versatile μPC-based, single-stage autosampler-injection unit for traditional, portable, and micro-GCs. The system uses μPCs packaged in 3D-printed swappable cartridges and is based on a highly modular interfacing architecture that allows easy-to-remove, gas-tight fluidic, and detachable electrical connections (FEMI). This study describes the FEMI architecture and demonstrates the FEMI-Autosampler (FEMI-AS) prototype (9.5 cm × 10 cm x 20 cm, ≈500 gms). The system was integrated with GC-FID, and the performance was investigated using synthetic gas samples and ambient air. The results were contrasted with the sorbent tube sampling technique using TD-GC-MS. FEMI-AS could generate sharp injection plugs (≈240 ms) and detect analytes with concentrations <15 ppb within 20 s and <100 ppt within 20 min of sampling time. With more than 30 detected trace-level compounds from ambient air, the demonstrated FEMI-AS, and the FEMI architecture significantly accelerate the adoption of μPCs on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipun Thamatam
- VT MEMS Lab, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Jeonghyeon Ahn
- VT MEMS Lab, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Mustahsin Chowdhury
- VT MEMS Lab, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Arjun Sharma
- CESCA, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Poonam Gupta
- CESCA, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Linsey C Marr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Leyla Nazhandali
- CESCA, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States
| | - Masoud Agah
- VT MEMS Lab, The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, United States.
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Briones-May Y, Quijano-Medina T, Pérez-Niño B, Benrey B, Turlings TCJ, Bustos-Segura C, Abdala-Roberts L. Soil salinization disrupts plant-plant signaling effects on extra-floral nectar induction in wild cotton. Oecologia 2023:10.1007/s00442-023-05395-w. [PMID: 37278768 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05395-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant-plant interactions via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have received much attention, but how abiotic stresses affect these interactions is poorly understood. We tested the effect of VOCs exposure from damaged conspecifics on the production of extra-floral nectar (EFN) in wild cotton plants (Gossypium hirsutum), a coastal species in northern Yucatan (Mexico), and whether soil salinization affected these responses. We placed plants in mesh cages, and within each cage assigned plants as emitters or receivers. We exposed emitters to either ambient or augmented soil salinity to simulate a salinity shock, and within each group subjected half of the emitters to no damage or artificial leaf damage with caterpillar regurgitant. Damage increased the emission of sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds under ambient but not under augmented salinity. Correspondingly, exposure to VOCs from damaged emitters had effect on receiver EFN induction, but this effect was contingent on salinization. Receivers produced more EFN in response to damage after being exposed to VOCs from damaged emitters when the latter were grown under ambient salinity, but not when they were subjected to salinization. These results suggest complex effects of abiotic factors on VOC-mediated plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyson Briones-May
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Teresa Quijano-Medina
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Biiniza Pérez-Niño
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ted C J Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carlos Bustos-Segura
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology (FARCE Lab), Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, Itzimná, 97000, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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45
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Sun G, Liao J, Kurze E, Hoffmann TD, Steinchen W, McGraphery K, Habegger R, Marek L, Catici DAM, Ludwig C, Jing T, Hoffmann T, Song C, Schwab W. Apocarotenoids are allosteric effectors of a dimeric plant glycosyltransferase involved in defense and lignin formation. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2080-2098. [PMID: 36908092 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycosyltransferases are nature's versatile tools to tailor the functionalities of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and small molecules by transferring sugars. Prominent substrates are hydroxycoumarins such as scopoletin, which serve as natural plant protection agents. Similarly, C13-apocarotenoids, which are oxidative degradation products of carotenoids/xanthophylls, protect plants by repelling pests and attracting pest predators. We show that C13-apocarotenoids interact with the plant glycosyltransferase NbUGT72AY1 and induce conformational changes in the enzyme catalytic center ultimately reducing its inherent UDP-α-d-glucose glucohydrolase activity and increasing its catalytic activity for productive hydroxycoumarin substrates. By contrast, C13-apocarotenoids show no effect on the catalytic activity toward monolignol lignin precursors, which are competitive substrates. In vivo studies in tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) confirmed increased glycosylation activity upon apocarotenoid supplementation. Thus, hydroxycoumarins and apocarotenoids represent specialized damage-associated molecular patterns, as they each provide precise information about the plant compartments damaged by pathogen attack. The molecular basis for the C13-apocarotenoid-mediated interplay of two plant protective mechanisms and their function as allosteric enhancers opens up potential applications of the natural products in agriculture and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Sun
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Jieren Liao
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kurze
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Timothy D Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wieland Steinchen
- Center for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) & Faculty of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 14, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kate McGraphery
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ruth Habegger
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Ludwig Marek
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Dragana A M Catici
- Center for Protein Assemblies (CPA), Technical University of Munich, Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Str. 8, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Thomas Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
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Srivastava A, Jain G, Chandra S, Kalia V, Upadhyay SK, Dubey RS, Verma PC. Failure of methanol detoxification in pests confers broad spectrum insect resistance in PME overexpressing transgenic cotton. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111737. [PMID: 37217034 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methanol is noxious to insect pests, but most plants do not make enough of it to shield themselves from encroaching insects. Methanol emission is known to increase in the instance of herbivory. In the current study, we showed that Aspergillus niger pectin methylesterase over-expression increases methanol emission and confers resistance to polyphagous insect pests on transgenic cotton plants by impeding the possible methanol detoxification pathways. Transgenic plants emitted ~11 fold higher methanol displaying insect mortality of 96% and 93% in Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura, respectively. The larvae were unable to survive and finish their life cycle and the surviving larvae exhibited severe growth retardation. Insects try to detoxify methanol via catalase, carboxylesterase and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes, amongst which cytochrome P450 plays a major role in oxidizing methanol to formaldehyde and formaldehyde to formic acid, which is broken down into carbon dioxide and water. In our study, catalase and esterase enzymes were found to be upregulated, but cytochrome P450 monooxygenase levels were not much affected. Leaf disc assays and In-planta bioassays also showed 50-60% population reduction in the sap sucking pests, such as Bemisia tabaci and Phenacoccus solenopsis. These findings imply that elevated methanol emissions confer resistance in plants against chewing and sap-sucking pests by tampering the methanol detoxification pathways. Such mechanism will be useful in imparting expansive resistance against pests in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Srivastava
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Gourav Jain
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sateesh Chandra
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Vinay Kalia
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rama Shanker Dubey
- Department of Biochemistry, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Praveen Chandra Verma
- Plant molecular biology and biotechnology Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India.
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Brambilla A, Lenk M, Ghirardo A, Eccleston L, Knappe C, Weber B, Lange B, Imani J, Schäffner AR, Schnitzler JP, Vlot AC. Pipecolic acid synthesis is required for systemic acquired resistance and plant-to-plant-induced immunity in barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:3033-3046. [PMID: 36905226 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Defense responses in plants are based on complex biochemical processes. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) helps to fight infections by (hemi-)biotrophic pathogens. One important signaling molecule in SAR is pipecolic acid (Pip), accumulation of which is dependent on the aminotransferase ALD1 in Arabidopsis. While exogenous Pip primes defense responses in the monocotyledonous cereal crop barley (Hordeum vulgare), it is currently unclear if endogenous Pip plays a role in disease resistance in monocots. Here, we generated barley ald1 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, and assessed their capacity to mount SAR. Endogenous Pip levels were reduced after infection of the ald1 mutant, and this altered systemic defense against the fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei. Furthermore, Hvald1 plants did not emit nonanal, one of the key volatile compounds that are normally emitted by barley plants after the activation of SAR. This resulted in the inability of neighboring plants to perceive and/or respond to airborne cues and prepare for an upcoming infection, although HvALD1 was not required in the receiver plants to mediate the response. Our results highlight the crucial role of endogenous HvALD1 and Pip for SAR, and associate Pip, in particular together with nonanal, with plant-to-plant defense propagation in the monocot crop barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Brambilla
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Miriam Lenk
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Ghirardo
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Eccleston
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Knappe
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Baris Weber
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Lange
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jafargholi Imani
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Research Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Institute of Phytopathology, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Corina Vlot
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Faculty of Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition and Health, Chair of Crop Plant Genetics, Kulmbach, Germany
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Feng L, Lin Y, Cai Y, Wei W, Yang J, Zhan R, Ma D. Terpenoid VOC profiles and functional characterization of terpene synthases in diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Chrysanthemum indicum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 200:107766. [PMID: 37220674 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum indicum L. is a valuable medicinal plant with diploid and tetraploid forms that are widely distributed in central and southern China, and it contains abundant volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Despite the discovery of some terpene synthase (TPS) in C. indicum (i.e., CiTPS) in previous studies, many TPSs and their corresponding terpene biosynthesis pathways have yet to be discovered. In the present study, terpenoid VOCs in different tissues from two cytotypes of C. indicum were analyzed. We identified 52 types of terpenoid VOCs and systematically investigated the content and distribution of these compounds in various tissues. The two cytotypes of C. indicum exhibited different volatile terpenoid profiles. The content of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in the two cytotypes showed an opposite trend. In addition, four full-length candidate TPSs (named CiTPS5-8) were cloned from Ci-GD4x, and their homologous TPS genes were screened based on the genome data of Ci-HB2x. These eight TPSs displayed various tissue expression patterns and were discovered to produce 22 terpenoids, 5 of which are monoterpenes and 17 are sesquiterpenes. We further proposed corresponding terpene synthesis pathways, which can enable the establishment of an understanding of the volatile terpenoid profiles of C. indicum with different cytotypes. This knowledge may provide a further understanding of germplasm in C. indicum and may be useful for biotechnology applications of Chrysanthemum plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Feng
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanjiao Cai
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wuke Wei
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Dongming Ma
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Resource Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Nakandala U, Masouleh AK, Smith MW, Furtado A, Mason P, Constantin L, Henry RJ. Haplotype resolved chromosome level genome assembly of Citrus australis reveals disease resistance and other citrus specific genes. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad058. [PMID: 37213680 PMCID: PMC10199705 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome sequencing and assembly techniques have made it possible to achieve chromosome level reference genomes for citrus. Relatively few genomes have been anchored at the chromosome level and/or are haplotype phased, with the available genomes of varying accuracy and completeness. We now report a phased high-quality chromosome level genome assembly for an Australian native citrus species; Citrus australis (round lime) using highly accurate PacBio HiFi long reads, complemented with Hi-C scaffolding. Hifiasm with Hi-C integrated assembly resulted in a 331 Mb genome of C. australis with two haplotypes of nine pseudochromosomes with an N50 of 36.3 Mb and 98.8% genome assembly completeness (BUSCO). Repeat analysis showed that more than 50% of the genome contained interspersed repeats. Among them, LTR elements were the predominant type (21.0%), of which LTR Gypsy (9.8%) and LTR copia (7.7%) elements were the most abundant repeats. A total of 29 464 genes and 32 009 transcripts were identified in the genome. Of these, 28 222 CDS (25 753 genes) had BLAST hits and 21 401 CDS (75.8%) were annotated with at least one GO term. Citrus specific genes for antimicrobial peptides, defense, volatile compounds and acidity regulation were identified. The synteny analysis showed conserved regions between the two haplotypes with some structural variations in Chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 8. This chromosome scale, and haplotype resolved C. australis genome will facilitate the study of important genes for citrus breeding and will also allow the enhanced definition of the evolutionary relationships between wild and domesticated citrus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upuli Nakandala
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Ardashir Kharabian Masouleh
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Malcolm W Smith
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Bundaberg Research Station, Bundaberg, Queensland 4670, Australia
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Patrick Mason
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Lena Constantin
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Plant Success in Nature and Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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50
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Sapkota M, Pereira L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Topcu Y, Tieman D, van der Knaap E. Structural variation underlies functional diversity at methyl salicylate loci in tomato. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010751. [PMID: 37141297 PMCID: PMC10187894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl salicylate is an important inter- and intra-plant signaling molecule, but is deemed undesirable by humans when it accumulates to high levels in ripe fruits. Balancing the tradeoff between consumer satisfaction and overall plant health is challenging as the mechanisms regulating volatile levels have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the accumulation of methyl salicylate in ripe fruits of tomatoes that belong to the red-fruited clade. We determine the genetic diversity and the interaction of four known loci controlling methyl salicylate levels in ripe fruits. In addition to Non-Smoky Glucosyl Transferase 1 (NSGT1), we uncovered extensive genome structural variation (SV) at the Methylesterase (MES) locus. This locus contains four tandemly duplicated Methylesterase genes and genome sequence investigations at the locus identified nine distinct haplotypes. Based on gene expression and results from biparental crosses, functional and non-functional haplotypes for MES were identified. The combination of the non-functional MES haplotype 2 and the non-functional NSGT1 haplotype IV or V in a GWAS panel showed high methyl salicylate levels in ripe fruits, particularly in accessions from Ecuador, demonstrating a strong interaction between these two loci and suggesting an ecological advantage. The genetic variation at the other two known loci, Salicylic Acid Methyl Transferase 1 (SAMT1) and tomato UDP Glycosyl Transferase 5 (SlUGT5), did not explain volatile variation in the red-fruited tomato germplasm, suggesting a minor role in methyl salicylate production in red-fruited tomato. Lastly, we found that most heirloom and modern tomato accessions carried a functional MES and a non-functional NSGT1 haplotype, ensuring acceptable levels of methyl salicylate in fruits. Yet, future selection of the functional NSGT1 allele could potentially improve flavor in the modern germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Sapkota
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lara Pereira
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yanbing Wang
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yasin Topcu
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Denise Tieman
- Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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