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Filipe J, Lauzi S, Marinoni V, Servida F, Dall'Ara P. Zoonoses and pet owners: A survey on risk perception in Northern Italy. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 112:102224. [PMID: 39053041 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Veterinary and human medicine are focused on the issue of emerging and re-emerging diseases, which are especially represented by zoonosis that could be a threat for public health. Zoonotic risk may come from pets: some canine and/or feline viral, bacterial, parasitic, protozoal or mycotic diseases can be transmitted directly to humans. There are several strategies to prevent the transmission of such zoonosis, and among them vaccination plays an important role. Through a survey carried out in Northern Italy aimed to collect information regarding owners' knowledge and perception of the zoonotic risks associated with three zoonoses (rabies, leptospirosis, and dermatophytosis), it was demonstrated that dog owners tend to adhere more consistently to their pets' vaccination schedules and are more receptive to changes in vaccination scheduling compared to cat owners. This study also suggests that cat owners predominantly visit veterinarians for vaccination purposes, whereas dog owners seek veterinary services for a variety of reasons. The survey highlighted the ongoing need to enhance owners' understanding of zoonoses affecting their pets and also the protective role of vaccines. Veterinarians should undertake the responsibility of educating, reassuring, and informing pet owners about the significance of vaccines for their pets and for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Filipe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, Lodi, LO 26900, Italy.
| | - Stefania Lauzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, Lodi, LO 26900, Italy
| | - Veronica Marinoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, Lodi, LO 26900, Italy
| | | | - Paola Dall'Ara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, Lodi, LO 26900, Italy
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Oladzad V, Nasrollahi Omran A, Haghani I, Nabili M, Guillot J, Seyedmousavi S, Hedayati MT. Asymptomatic colonization of stray dogs and domestic cats with Trichophyton mentagrophytes II in Northern Iran. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101496. [PMID: 38986423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite changes in the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections, the incidence of fungal infections associated with Trichophyton species still remains high among dogs and cats. The objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize dermatophytes from dogs and cats in Iran. METHOD From December 2022 to May 2023, skin and hair samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic cats and dogs in Mazandaran, a northern province of Iran. The samples were then inoculated into Mycosel™ Agar. Dermatophyte isolates were identified by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region. Antifungal susceptibility tests were conducted using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI-M38-A3). RESULT Of the 250 samples collected (from 200 dogs and 50 cats), 20 (from 19 dogs and one cat) (8.0 %) were positive for dermatophyte growth. Based on sequence and phylogenetic analysis, all isolates belonged to T. mentagrophytes II*. Of these positive samples, 14 (70.0 %), 3 (15.0 %), 2 (10.0 %), and 1 (2.0 %) were isolated from asymptomatic stray dogs, symptomatic stray dogs, symptomatic domestic dogs, and symptomatic cats, respectively. Luliconazole and terbinafine displayed potent activity against all T. mentagrophytes isolates, with Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.016 µg/ml. Miconazole and griseofulvin demonstrated higher MIC (1 and 8 µg/ml). CONCLUSION The present study indicated that T. mentagrophytes II* asymptomatic carriage is frequent in stray dogs in Iran. The potential risk to public health needs to be evaluated However, T. mentagrophytes genotype VIII, considered as an endemic and emerging human pathogenic clone in several countries, was not detected during the present survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Oladzad
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Ayatollah Nasrollahi Omran
- Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran.
| | - Iman Haghani
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Nabili
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Oniris, Clinical Sciences Department, Nantes, France; Université d'Angers, Université de Brest, IRF, SFR ICAT, Angers, France
| | - Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Microbiology Service, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mohammad Taghi Hedayati
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Lopes R, Garcês A, Silva A, Brilhante-Simões P, Martins Â, Cardoso L, Duarte EL, Coelho AC. Dermatophytosis in Companion Animals in Portugal: A Comprehensive Epidemiological Retrospective Study of 12 Years (2012-2023). Microorganisms 2024; 12:1727. [PMID: 39203570 PMCID: PMC11357242 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis, commonly referred to as ringworm, is a common superficial fungal infection in companion animals and humans. Between 2012 and 2023, plucked hair and scraped scale samples from domestic dogs and cats with clinical suspicion of dermatophytosis were collected from 355 veterinary medical centres across mainland Portugal. A total of 4716 animal samples were inoculated onto DERM agar, incubated at 25 °C for up to 4 weeks, and periodically examined macro- and micro-scopically to observe and evaluate fungal growth. Of these, 271 samples were removed due to contaminant fungi. Of the 568 positive cultures, the highest number were from the North (48.1%; 95% CI: 44.0-52.2%) and Centre (32.4%; 95% CI: 28.7-36.4%) regions. Microsporum canis was the most frequently isolated species (63.9%), followed by Trichophyton spp. (20.3%) and Nannizia gypsea (formerly Microsporum gypseum) (8.1%). Felines exhibited a higher frequency (17.4%) compared with dogs (9.1%) (p < 0.001). In dogs, the Yorkshire Terrier, West Highland White Terrier, Miniature Pinscher, Dalmatian and Miniature Schnauzer demonstrated a significant predisposition to dermatophytosis (p < 0.05). In cats, the Persian and Scottish Fold breeds were significantly predisposed (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between sexes (p > 0.05). These findings underscore dermatophytosis as an increasing public health concern due to its zoonotic and contagious nature, providing comprehensive insights into the epidemiology of dermatophytosis in Portugal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lopes
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.L.); (L.C.)
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585–116 Gandra, Portugal;
| | - Andreia Garcês
- Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre (CRAS), Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Augusto Silva
- INNO Veterinary Laboratories, R. Cândido de Sousa 15, 4710–300 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Paula Brilhante-Simões
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585–116 Gandra, Portugal;
- INNO Veterinary Laboratories, R. Cândido de Sousa 15, 4710–300 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Ângela Martins
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Luís Cardoso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.L.); (L.C.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | - Elsa Leclerc Duarte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002–554 Évora, Portugal;
- Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development (MED), Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), University of Évora, Polo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7002–554 Évora, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal; (R.L.); (L.C.)
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Trás–os–Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000–801 Vila Real, Portugal;
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Ludwig CB, Tyler SA, Lima T, Vogelnest LJ. A prospective study evaluating the adhesive tape impression for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis in dogs and cats. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 39157894 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential contagion and zoonotic risk make rapid diagnosis of dermatophytosis important amongst companion animals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To compare the adhesive tape impression (ATI), trichogram, Wood's lamp (WL) examination and fungal culture for diagnosis of dermatophytosis, and the ATI and trichogram for ease of use. ANIMALS Five dogs and 15 cats with consistent lesions, history and at least two positive dermatophyte test results. MATERIALS AND METHODS After WL examination, one representative lesion per patient was sampled for ATI, trichogram and fungal culture. Microscopic detection of fungal elements on ATI and trichogram were objectively and subjectively compared. The ability of all tests to correctly detect dermatophytosis, and the ability of ATI and trichogram to detect fungal elements in >20 high-powered fields (HPF) were compared using Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS ATI, trichogram, fungal culture and WL were positive in 100% (20 of 20), 90% (18 of 20), 95% (19 of 20) and 65% (13 of 20) of patients, respectively, with a significant difference between WL and ATI (p = 0.0499). Fungal culture revealed Microsporum. canis (n = 16), Nannizzia gypsea (n = 1), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 1) and T. rubrum (n = 1). Fungal elements were detected in >20 HPF more frequently with ATI (18 of 20) than trichogram (11 of 20) (p = 0.017), and detection required careful scanning to distinguish from background debris more often with trichogram. Fungal elements were located with neutrophil clusters and keratinocyte rafts in addition to abnormal hair fragments more frequently on ATI. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE ATI had the highest ability to correctly diagnose dermatophytosis, and increased ease of detecting fungal elements compared to trichogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney B Ludwig
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sophie A Tyler
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tatiana Lima
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda J Vogelnest
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Viana PG, Gremião IDF, da Silva Antonio IM, Figueiredo ABF, Correa ML, Boechat JS, de Sá Machado AC, de Oliveira RVC, Oliveira MME, Almeida-Paes R, Pereira-Oliveira GR, Pereira SA. Is terbinafine an effective treatment for feline sporotrichosis? Vet Rec 2024; 195:e4435. [PMID: 39148234 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Terbinafine has been successfully used in the treatment of human sporotrichosis; however, its effectiveness in the treatment of feline sporotrichosis is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the use of terbinafine in the treatment of feline sporotrichosis. METHODS A cohort study was conducted in cats with sporotrichosis to assess the effectiveness and safety of terbinafine (30‒60 mg/kg/day). Clinical examination and analysis of laboratory parameters were performed monthly until clinical signs resolved or terbinafine treatment was discontinued. RESULTS Of the 54 cats with sporotrichosis included in the study, 19 were lost during follow-up and five were withdrawn from the study due to switching to treatment with another prescription drug. Of the remaining 30 cats, 10 achieved clinical cure, with a median treatment time of 18.5 weeks. Treatment failed in 18 cases, and two cats died. Twenty-two cats had adverse reactions to terbinafine treatment, and 10 cats showed elevation of serum transaminases. LIMITATION Loss during follow-up was high, which makes it difficult to draw accurate conclusions regarding clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION The low rate of clinical cure observed suggests that terbinafine does not represent an effective treatment option for cases of feline sporotrichosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gonçalves Viana
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria da Silva Antonio
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Barreto Fernandes Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Lopes Correa
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Sepulveda Boechat
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Caroline de Sá Machado
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratory of Mycology, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Reis Pereira-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandro Antonio Pereira
- Laboratory of Clinical Research on Dermatozoonoses in Domestic Animals, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sanguansook P, Tuangpermsub S, Leelakarnsakul B, Phaisansomsuk S, Hunprasit V, Del Río L, Niyomtham W, Prapasarakul N, Sukhumavasi W. Zoonotic Enteric Nematodes and Dermatophytes in Cat Cafés: An Investigation in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand. Vet Sci 2024; 11:358. [PMID: 39195812 PMCID: PMC11360450 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11080358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cat cafés have gained significant popularity worldwide, offering a unique interface between humans and cats. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of potentially zoonotic endoparasites and dermatophytes from cats living in cat cafés situated in the Bangkok metropolitan area in 2017-2018. Cat fecal samples were subjected to microscopic examination employing centrifugal flotation and centrifugal sedimentation techniques. The hair samples from every cat were cultured on a dermatophyte test medium and Sabouraud dextrose agar and subsequently confirmed by visualization of the typical colony and macroconidia morphology. Findings from 11 cat cafés indicated an 18.2% (2/11) prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, including Toxocara spp., Ancylostoma spp., Physaloptera spp., and Eucoleus aerophilus. Dermatophytes were prevalent in 16.2% (32/198) of the total number of cats tested, with Microsporum canis being the sole species identified. Notably, the presence of dermatophyte was significantly correlated with the presence of skin lesions and the cats' origin. In summary, the findings of this study have provided evidence of potentially zoonotic endoparasites and dermatophytes in cats residing in cat cafés. Therefore, it is imperative to heighten awareness and encourage preventive measures among cat café owners and customers to halt the dissemination of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phakjira Sanguansook
- Bachelor Degree Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Siwaporn Tuangpermsub
- Bachelor Degree Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Boonyakorn Leelakarnsakul
- Bachelor Degree Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sutida Phaisansomsuk
- Bachelor Degree Program, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Vachira Hunprasit
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Laura Del Río
- Department of Animal Health, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 31000 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Waree Niyomtham
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand (N.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuvee Prapasarakul
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand (N.P.)
- Center of Excellence in Diagnosis and Monitoring of Animal Pathogens, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Woraporn Sukhumavasi
- Parasitology Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Feline Infectious Disease and Health for Excellence Research Unit, Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Center of Excellence in Animal Vector-Borne Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Brasch J, Voss K, Langen KA, Achenbach A. A garden as a habitat of rare keratinophilic fungi - relevant to man and beast. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024. [PMID: 39105340 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Brasch
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Mykologisches Labor, UKSH, Campus Kiel
| | - Karen Voss
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Mykologisches Labor, UKSH, Campus Kiel
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Alizadeh A, Sadr S, Azizzadeh M, Khoshnegah J. Feline dermatoses at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran): 154 cases (2009-2020). Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:450-452. [PMID: 38375566 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies indicate that 6% to 20% of feline patients have at least one dermatopathy. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE This retrospective study aimed to provide comprehensive information about the types of skin diseases, diagnosis methods, treatments and follow-up data in a hospital population of domestic cats in Iran. ANIMALS/MATERIALS AND METHODS The present survey of clinical observations was conducted on the medical records of 1825 individual cats brought to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (Iran) over a 12-year period (2009-2020). RESULTS Feline dermatoses accounted for 154 (8.43%) of the 1,825 cats examined during the study period. The most prevalent dermatological manifestations in the studied population of 154 were erythema, macules, papules and/or pustules (36; 23.37%), alopecia (18; 11.68%) and erosive/ulcerative lesions (17; 11.03%). Specific dermatological diagnoses made were the following (in descending order, of 154): dermatophytosis (34; 22.07%), subcutaneous abscesses (16; 10.38%), atopic skin syndrome/environmental allergies (20; 10.38%), external parasites (15; 9.74%), otitis (10; 6.49%), flea infestation (6; 3.89%), food allergy (4; 2.59%) and primary pyoderma (2; 1.29%). Most lesions were observed in the head/face of cats (41 of 154; 26.62%) and their ears (39; 25.32%). Following treatment, 86 of 154 cats (69.35%) had complete remissions, 17 cats faced recurrent dermatoses and the owners of 21 cats were not satisfied. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of dermatoses among this cohort of Iranian cats is similar to that in other parts of the world. However, a noticeable difference was detected in the most prevalent dermatoses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the characteristics and outcomes of feline dermatological conditions in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Azizzadeh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Khoshnegah
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Sheetal MS, Chandran A, Janus A, Sindhu OK, Melepat DP, Kaithathara V, Rathish RL. Dermatophytosis in domestic cats: Identification, and treatment in an Indian context. Acta Trop 2024; 255:107237. [PMID: 38723739 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The surge in domestic cat adoption across India, particularly the rising preference for high-pedigree cats, coupled with environmental factors, has resulted in increased incidence of dermatophytosis among feline companions. Despite this growing concern, there is a noticeable scarcity of studies in India delving into the etiological factors contributing to dermatophytosis in cats. This disease is a threat to animal health and carries public health significance, given that cats are recognized reservoir hosts for Microsporum canis, a common dermatophyte affecting humans and animals. This study endeavours to identify the dermatophytes affecting cats and establish a standardized therapeutic regimen while accounting for the local stigma surrounding the regular bathing of cats. The study involved the examination of 82 cats presenting dermatological lesions, when subjected to cultural examination in dermatophyte test medium revealed 36 afflicted with dermatophytes. Isolates were presumptively identified by staining using lactophenol cotton blue, Chicago sky blue 6B, and Calcofluor white stains. Molecular-level identification of the isolates was confirmed through PCR-RFLP, amplifying the Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence of 16 s rDNA, followed by restriction digestion using the Mva1 enzyme. Among the thirty-six isolates, 29 were identified as M. canis, while the remaining 7 were M. gypseum. The cases were categorized into five groups and treated with Lime Sulphur dip, 4 % chlorhexidine shampoo, a shampoo containing 2 % miconazole and 4 % chlorhexidine, oral itraconazole alone, and a combination of oral itraconazole with lime-Sulphur dip. Statistical analysis revealed that the response was notably swifter with lime Sulphur dip when considering only topical therapy. Moreover, the mycological cure was most expeditious when combining Lime Sulphur dip with oral itraconazole. These findings underscore the pivotal role of topical biocides in feline dermatophytosis treatment, potentially reducing the reliance on specific antifungals and thereby contributing to the mitigation of antimicrobial resistance emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Salomi Sheetal
- Dept. Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Archana Chandran
- Dept. Dairy Microbiology, College of Dairy Science and Technology, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Abdulkhaderkunju Janus
- Dept. Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Ollukkara Krishnan Sindhu
- Dept. Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | - Deepa Padinjare Melepat
- Dept. Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala, India
| | | | - Ramachandran Latha Rathish
- Dept. Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala, India.
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10
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Yang H, Chen Y, Wang L, Gan B, Yu L, Ren R, Kwok HF, Wu Y, Cao Z. The Fungal Secretory Peptide Micasin Induces Itch by Activating MRGPRX1/C11/A1 on Peripheral Neurons. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01871-2. [PMID: 38945438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Pruritus is the leading symptom of dermatophytosis. Microsporium canis is one of the predominant dermatophytes causing dermatophytosis. However, the pruritogenic agents and the related molecular mechanisms of the dermatophyte M canis remain poorly understood. In this study, the secretion of the dermatophyte M canis was found to dose-dependently evoke itch in mice. The fungal peptide micasin secreted from M canis was then identified to elicit mouse significant scratching and itching responses. The peptide micasin was further revealed to directly activate mouse dorsal root ganglia neurons to mediate the nonhistaminergic itch. Knockout and antagonistic experiments demonstrated that MRGPRX1/C11/A1 rather than MRGPRX2/b2 activated by micasin contributed to pruritus. The chimeras and single-amino acid variants of MRGPRX1 showed that 3 domains (extracellular loop 3, transmembrane helical domain 3, and transmembrane helical domain 6) and 4 hydrophobic residues (Y99, F237, L240, and W241) of MRGPRX1 played the key role in micasin-triggered MRGPRX1 activation. Our study sheds light on the dermatophytosis-associated pruritus and may provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies against pruritus caused by dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Yang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China; State Key Laboratory of Virology, Shenzhen Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Shenzhen Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Shenzhen Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiye Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Shenzhen Research Institute, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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11
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Rojas-Sanchez E, Pereira-Mora M, Vega-Benavides K, Jimenez-Soto M. Enhancing community health: Veterinary services for underserved areas in Costa Rica with a One Health Approach. One Health 2024; 18:100693. [PMID: 39010961 PMCID: PMC11247302 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In underserved areas of Costa Rica, community veterinary services aim to provide comprehensive care for companion animals, covering preventive, therapeutic, and surgical medicine. Emphasizing a One Health approach, our model focuses on animal welfare, health, and public well-being in vulnerable regions. The project's goal is to ensure the overall well-being of animals, people, and the environment by collaboratively addressing animal health issues and recognizing their interconnected impact on optimal health. Limited resources in underprivileged areas, including restricted access to veterinary care for pets, pose challenges to overall health. Despite its global health benefits, the absence of companion animal veterinary care in these regions has been largely overlooked. Our One Health approach not only addresses animal health but also has a significant impact on human and environmental health, economies, and social factors. This innovative strategy is a pioneering effort to tackle complex health issues in Costa Rica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rojas-Sanchez
- Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Pereira-Mora
- Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Karen Vega-Benavides
- Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
| | - Mauricio Jimenez-Soto
- Hospital de Especies Menores y Silvestres, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica
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12
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Sousa YV, Santiago MG, de Souza BM, Keller KM, Oliveira CSF, Mendoza L, Vilela RVR, Goulart GAC. Itraconazole in human medicine and veterinary practice. J Mycol Med 2024; 34:101473. [PMID: 38493607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2024.101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosis and management of fungal infections are challenging in both animals and humans, especially in immunologically weakened hosts. Due to its broad spectrum and safety profile when compared to other antifungals, itraconazole (ITZ) has been widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of fungal infections, both in human and veterinary medicine. The dose and duration of management depend on factors such as the type of fungal pathogen, the site of infection, sensitivity to ITZ, chronic stages of the disease, the health status of the hosts, pharmacological interactions with other medications and the therapeutic protocol used. In veterinary practice, ITZ doses generally vary between 3 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, once or twice a day. In humans, doses usually vary between 100 and 400 mg/day. As human and veterinary fungal infections are increasingly associated, and ITZ is one of the main medications used, this review addresses relevant aspects related to the use of this drug in both clinics, including case reports and different clinical aspects available in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamara V Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Marie G Santiago
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bianca M de Souza
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Kelly M Keller
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Camila S F Oliveira
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Leonel Mendoza
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Raquel V R Vilela
- Biomedical Laboratory Diagnostics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gisele A C Goulart
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
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13
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Kaur G, Xie C, Dong C, Najera J, Nguyen JT, Hao J. PDE4D and miR-203 are promising biomarkers for canine atopic dermatitis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:651. [PMID: 38734860 PMCID: PMC11088561 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common genetically predisposed, inflammatory, and pruritic skin disorder that affects dogs globally. To date, there are no specific biomarkers available to diagnose CAD, and the current diagnosis is based on a combination of criteria including patient history, clinical signs, and exclusion of other relevant differential diagnoses. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the gene expression of phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as miR-203 and miR-483 in plasma, in three groups: healthy dogs, CAD dogs, and other inflammatory pruritic skin diseases (OIPSD) such as pemphigus foliaceus, scabies, cutaneous lymphoma, and dermatophytosis. Our results showed that PDE4D gene expression in the CAD group is statistically higher compared to those in the healthy and OIPSD groups, suggesting PDE4D may be a specific marker for CAD. Nevertheless, no correlation was found between PDE4D gene expression levels and the lesion severity gauged by CAD severity index-4 (CADESI-4). We also showed that miR-203 is a generic marker for clinical dermatitis and differentiates both CAD and OIPSD inflammatory conditions from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS We show that PDE4D is a potential marker to differentiate CAD from non-atopic healthy and OIPSD while miR-203 may be a potential marker for general dermatologic inflammation. Future study of PDE4D and miR-203 on a larger scale is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Chen Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Charli Dong
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan Najera
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA
| | - Jijun Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA.
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Cabañero-Resta GJ, Sánchez-Dengra B, Ruiz-Picazo A, Bermejo M, Merino V, Gonzalez-Alvarez I, Gonzalez-Alvarez M. Pharmaceutical Compounding in Veterinary Medicine: Suspension of Itraconazole. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:576. [PMID: 38794238 PMCID: PMC11125331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Itraconazole is a drug used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of different varieties of dermatophytosis at doses between 3-5 mg/kg/day in cats. Nevertheless, in Spain, it is only available in the market as a 52 mL suspension at 10 mg/mL. The lack of alternative formulations, which provide sufficient formulation to cover the treatment of large animals or allow the treatment of a group of them, can be overcome with compounding. For this purpose, it has to be considered that itraconazole is a weak base, class II compound, according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, that can precipitate when reaching the duodenum. The aim of this work is to develop alternative oral formulations of itraconazole for the treatment of dermatophytosis. Several oral compounds of itraconazole were prepared and compared, in terms of dissolution rate, permeability, and stability, in order to provide alternatives to the medicine commercialized. The most promising formulation contained hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and β-cyclodextrin. This combination of excipients was capable of dissolving the same concentration as the reference product and delaying the precipitation of itraconazole upon leaving the stomach. Moreover, the intestinal permeability of itraconazole was increased more than two-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema J. Cabañero-Resta
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Vicente Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (G.J.C.-R.); (V.M.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Bárbara Sánchez-Dengra
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (B.S.-D.); (A.R.-P.); (M.B.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Picazo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (B.S.-D.); (A.R.-P.); (M.B.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Marival Bermejo
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (B.S.-D.); (A.R.-P.); (M.B.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Virginia Merino
- Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Vicente Andrés Estelles s/n, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (G.J.C.-R.); (V.M.)
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (B.S.-D.); (A.R.-P.); (M.B.); (M.G.-A.)
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Alvarez
- Engineering: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Area, Miguel Hernandez University, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain; (B.S.-D.); (A.R.-P.); (M.B.); (M.G.-A.)
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Piorunek M, Kubisiak-Rzepczyk H, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Trafas T, Walkowiak J. Superficial Zoonotic Mycoses in Humans Associated with Cats. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:244. [PMID: 38667915 PMCID: PMC11051258 DOI: 10.3390/jof10040244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial fungal skin infection common in humans around the world and is one of the many zoonotic skin diseases that cat owners are at risk of contracting. This retrospective study was conducted based on a detailed analysis of the results of mycological examination and medical documentation of 56 patients diagnosed with cat-to-human dermatophytoses from January 2017 to July 2022. Zoonotic mycoses were diagnosed more frequently in young people and women. In children, lesions most often occurred in the scalp area, and in adults, in the glabrous skin area. Skin infections caused by Microsporum canis (M. canis) prevailed and were confirmed in 47 patients (83.9%). Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes) was found in nine (16.1%) patients. M. canis predominantly caused infections of the scalp, followed by lower limb infections. Hairy scalps were almost exclusively involved in children. The odds of diagnosing M. canis infection compared to T. mentagrophytes infection was significantly higher in the head than in other regions, especially among children. The positive predictive value of a direct macroscopic examination was relatively low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Piorunek
- Veterinary Practice Marcin Piorunek, Olimpijska 12, 60-185 Skorzewo, Poland
| | - Honorata Kubisiak-Rzepczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; (H.K.-R.); (A.D.-P.)
| | | | - Tomasz Trafas
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Pulmonary Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-569 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jarosław Walkowiak
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland;
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16
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Huang Z, Chen M, Peng Y, Zhang R. Unravelling Childhood Tinea Capitis: A Multi-Dimensional Investigation Using Dermoscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Mass Spectrometry. Infect Drug Resist 2024; 17:727-732. [PMID: 38433782 PMCID: PMC10906495 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s451200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tinea capitis, a common cutaneous fungal infection, shows an increasing prevalence with the increasing number of pets. We present tinea capitis in a 4-year-old girl presenting without typical symptoms such as alopecia or hair breakage. After a comprehensive evaluation including dermoscopy, Wood's light, direct KOH fluorescent staining, scanning electron microscopy, fungal culture and mass spectrometry analysis, a diagnosis of tinea capitis infected Microsporum canis carried by domestic cats was made. We preliminarily explored the two modes of hair erosion by tinea capitis fungi and analyzed the possibility of the feature in this case. This case highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic intervention in cases of paediatric tinea capitis, particularly in households with resident pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingyan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruzhi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, People’s Republic of China
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Soimala T, Wasiksiri S, Boonchuay K, Wongtawan T, Fungwithaya P. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci in new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals in southern Thailand: A preliminary study. Vet World 2024; 17:282-288. [PMID: 38595667 PMCID: PMC11000468 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.282-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Methicillin-resistant coagulase-positive staphylococci (MRCoPS) cause pyoderma, dermatitis, and nosocomial infection. Numerous factors, including indiscriminate antimicrobial use (AMU) in veterinary medicine, cleaning practices, and AMU in hospitals, contribute to MRCoPS. However, the relationship between hospital age and MRCoPS has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of MRCoPS in the treatment and operation rooms of new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals. Materials and Methods Samples were collected from small animal hospitals in Surat Thani, Nakhon Si Thammarat, and Songkhla in Thailand. Hospitals were defined as those that had been in operation for 5 years (new, n = 5), 5-15 years (middle-aged, n = 6), or >15 years (old, n = 3). Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify 280 samples, and duplex polymerase chain reaction was used to identify resistance genes (mecA and blaZ). The VITEK2® automated system was then used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results A total of 57 Staphylococcus species were identified and classified as coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS) (22/57, 38.60%) or coagulase-negative staphylococci (35/57, 61.40%), respectively. Nine of the 22 CoPS (40.90%) harbored the mecA gene, and 21 isolates (95.45%) harbored the blaZ gene. Interestingly, more MRCoPS was found in new hospitals (six isolates) than in middle-aged (one isolate) and old hospitals (two isolates), although there was no statistically significant difference in the presence of MRCoPS across new, middle-aged, and old veterinary hospitals (p = 0.095), Kruskal-Wallis test. There is a need for further detailed studies, including an increase in the number of hospitals in various locations. Conclusion MRCoPS is a nosocomial pathogen that causes zoonotic and recurrent infections in veterinary hospitals. The prevalence of MRCoPS tended to be higher in new hospitals. Areas with heavy animal contact, such as hospital floors, are areas of particular concern, and cleaning/disinfection of these areas must be highlighted in hygiene regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanawan Soimala
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
- Tierärztliches Gesundheitszentrum Oerzen, Melbeck 21406, Germany
| | - Siriwat Wasiksiri
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kanpapat Boonchuay
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Tuempong Wongtawan
- Akkraratchkumari Veterinary College, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Centre for One Health, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
- Excellence Centre for Melioidosis and Other, Walailak University, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Punpichaya Fungwithaya
- Office of Administrative Interdisciplinary Program on Agricultural Technology, School of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520 Thailand
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Gustafsson L, Wikström C, Mueller RS, Bergvall K. Microbes on Clipper Blades after Use and Disinfection in Small Animal- and Equine Practice. Vet Sci 2024; 11:38. [PMID: 38250944 PMCID: PMC10819727 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Clipping hair on animals can produce microtraumas of the skin and the dislodgement of microorganisms to the clipper blade. This study evaluates if clipper blades in animal hospitals in Sweden are contaminated with bacteria and/or dermatophytes after disinfection. Eleven clipper blades from three veterinary referral hospitals, including one with a small animal department and an equine department, were sampled for bacteria and dermatophytes. All the hospitals had disinfection routines in accordance with the national recommendations for hygiene in veterinary medicine. The sampled clipper blades were supposed to be disinfected and they were considered to be ready for use by staff. Five sterilized clipper blades were used as controls. The results showed that 64-100% of the disinfected clipper blades, from all three hospitals, were contaminated with bacteria, whereas all the sterilized clipper blades were negative for bacterial growth (p < 0.05). One clipper blade from the equine department was contaminated with dermatophytes. The results indicate that the disinfection routines were not sufficient for removing bacteria from used clipper blades, and that sterilization would be a more reliable way to minimize the risk of contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gustafsson
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, 141 75 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | | | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstrasse 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Bergvall
- Evidensia Södra Djursjukhuset, Månskärsvägen 13, 141 75 Huddinge, Sweden;
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Swedish, University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7070, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Moskaluk AE, Darlington L, VandeWoude S. Subtilisin 3 production from Microsporum canis is independent of keratin substrate availability. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:22-31. [PMID: 37551993 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability to digest keratin and encompasses a wide range of species. We investigated a critical adhesion protein, subtilisin 3, utilized by Microsporum canis during initial stages of infection, analyzing its production and expression under varying growth conditions. Additionally, as this protein must be expressed and produced for dermatophyte infections to occur, we developed and optimized a diagnostic antibody assay targeting this protein. Subtilisin 3 levels were increased in culture when grown in baffled flasks and supplemented with either l-cysteine or cat hair. As subtilisin 3 was also produced in cultures not supplemented with keratin or cysteine, this study demonstrated that subtilisin 3 production is not reliant on the presence of keratin or its derivatives. These findings could help direct future metabolic studies of dermatophytes, particularly during the adherence phase of infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex E Moskaluk
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren Darlington
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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20
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Khanipour Machiani M, Jamshidi S, Nikaein D, Khosravi A, Balal A. The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on clinical isolates of Microsporum canis in dogs and cats. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1316. [PMID: 37904671 PMCID: PMC10766060 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microsporum canis is the most common dermatophyte infecting pets and their owners, and its long duration of treatment and increasing rate of drug resistance have caused the attention of researchers to be directed towards the use of nanoparticles and new alternatives for treatment. This study investigated the antifungal effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on clinical isolates of M. canis in dogs and cats and subtilisin 1 (SUB1) gene expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared using the wet chemical method at a concentration of 4000 ppm. Its antifungal potential was evaluated at concentrations of 62.5-4000 ppm by disk diffusion and microdilution methods against 10 isolates of M. canis. The effect of this product on SUB1 gene expression was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR method. RESULTS The results of the disk diffusion test showed that the highest inhibitory diameter was at the highest concentration of ZnO nanoparticles (34 mm), and the inhibitory zone was observed in dilutions up to 250 ppm. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ZnO nanoparticles was between 250 and 500 ppm, and the minimum fungicidal concentration was between 500 and 1000 ppm. There was a significant reduction in SUB1 gene expression in sub-MIC concentration (125-250 ppm) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that ZnO nanoparticles have a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on M. canis. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles could decrease the expression of SUB1, an enzyme involved in fungi adhesion to the epidermis. Nevertheless, more studies must be done in the future to determine the possible side effects and safety of ZnO nanoparticles along with their efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahram Jamshidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Donya Nikaein
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Alireza Khosravi
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
| | - Asad Balal
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TehranTehranIran
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Esquivel BD, Rouse Salcido EM, Schweiker AM, Holder BL, KuKanich B, KuKanich KS, White TC. Fungal diversity and drug susceptibility of the oral mycobiome of domestic dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1281712. [PMID: 38033632 PMCID: PMC10684787 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1281712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize the variety and diversity of the oral mycobiome of domestic dogs and to identify the commensal and potentially pathogenic fungi present. Two hundred fifty-one buccal swabs from domestic dogs were obtained and struck onto a chromogenic fungal growth medium that distinguishes between fungal species based on colony color and morphology. After isolating and harvesting single colonies, genomic DNA was extracted from pure cultures. PCR was used to amplify a fungal-specific variable rDNA region of the genome, which was then sent for sequencing. Sequencing results were input into the NCBI BLAST database to identify individual components of the oral mycobiome of tested dogs. Of the 251 dogs swabbed, 73 had cultivable fungi present and 10 dogs had multiple fungal species isolated. Although the dogs did not show signs of oral infections at the time, we did find fungal species that cause pathogenicity in animals and humans. Among fungal isolates, Malassezia pachydermatis and species from the genus Candida were predominant. Following fungal isolate identification, antifungal drug susceptibility tests were performed on each isolate toward the medically important antifungal drugs including fluconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine. Drug susceptibility test results indicated that a large number of isolates had high MIC values for all three drugs. Exploring the oral mycobiome of dogs, as well as the corresponding drug susceptibility profiles, can have important implications for canine dental hygiene, health, and medical treatment. Identifying the microorganisms within the canine mouth can illustrate a common pathway for fungal pathogens of One Health concern to spread from our canine companions to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke D. Esquivel
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Elisa M. Rouse Salcido
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Allison M. Schweiker
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Brandon L. Holder
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Butch KuKanich
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Kate S. KuKanich
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Theodore C. White
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri – Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
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22
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Nguyen PN, Rehan SM. Wild bee and pollen microbiomes across an urban-rural divide. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad158. [PMID: 38037395 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild pollinators and their microbiota are sensitive to land use changes from anthropogenic activities that disrupt landscape and environmental features. As urbanization and agriculture affect bee habitats, human-led disturbances are driving changes in bee microbiomes, potentially leading to dysbiosis detrimental to bee fitness. This study examines the bacterial, fungal, and plant compositions of the small carpenter bee, Ceratina calcarata, and its pollen provisions across an urban-rural divide. We performed metabarcoding of C. calcarata and provisions in Toronto by targeting the 16S rRNA, ITS, and rbcL regions. Despite similar plant composition and diversity across bees and their provisions, there was a greater microbial diversity in pollen provisions than in bees. By characterizing the differences in land use, climate, and pesticide residues that differentiate urban and rural landscapes, we find that urban areas support elevated levels of microbial diversity and more complex networks between microbes and plants than rural areas. However, urban areas may lead to lower relative abundances of known beneficial symbionts and increased levels of pathogens, such as Ascosphaera and Alternaria fungi. Further, rural pollen provisions indicate elevated pesticide residues that may dysregulate symbiosis. As anthropogenic activities continue to alter land use, ever changing environments threaten microbiota crucial in maintaining bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong N Nguyen
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sandra M Rehan
- Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
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23
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Martins LML. Survey of Sensitization to Common Fungi in an Allergic Dog Population: The Need for Further Focus on Sensitization and Allergy to Fungi in Veterinary Medicine. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1075. [PMID: 37998880 PMCID: PMC10672432 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most fungal species are commensals and non-pathogenic to plants, humans, or animals. However, several species of the Alternaria, Aspergillus, Trichophyton, and Microsporum genera are common causes of disease, even for immunocompetent individuals. Besides mucosal damage, fungi may contribute to a skin barrier impairment, favoring sensitization and allergy development. A total of 68 allergic dogs were selected from a veterinary dermatology and allergy outpatient consultation for conditions related to both Malassezia overgrowth and other fungal complications. The allergy diagnosis was made through anamnesis and current clinical criteria, with the involved allergenic species being identified by intradermal tests (IDTs) and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) determination in serum. Dermatophagoides farinae, Dactylis glomerata, and Malassezia pachydermatis showed as the higher sensitization species from house dust mites, grass pollen, and fungi, respectively. Significant correlations at p < 0.05 were found between sensitization to Dactylis glomerata and Phleum pratense grass pollens, Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Acarus siro, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, and Lepidoglyphus destructor dust/storage mites, and between fungi like Aspergillus mix and Penicillium or Alternaria alternata. A significant correlation was also found between sensitization to the Aspergillus mix and D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, or A. siro. Rather severe dermatitis was observed when a positive IDT to Malassezia pachydermatis was found, regardless of the detection of circulating sIgE, allowing us to consider the usefulness of both the IDT and the sIgE for a systematic diagnosis of allergy to fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Miguel Lourenço Martins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Science and Technology, MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development & CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, University of Évora, Pólo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 Évora, Portugal
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24
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Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Ramos MG, Walker RT, Stranahan LW. Hyphae, pseudohyphae, yeasts, spherules, spores, and more: A review on the morphology and pathology of fungal and oomycete infections in the skin of domestic animals. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:812-828. [PMID: 37222139 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231173715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are among the most common infectious agents affecting the skin of animals. The skin can serve as a port of entry for fungal infections, which can eventually become disseminated. In some regions of the world, oomycetes, such as Pythium and Lagenidium, are also responsible for a significant number of severe cutaneous infections. Histologic evaluation of fungal morphology, including size, shape, septation, branching, and budding characteristics, combined with the distribution of inflammatory infiltrates within different skin layers can potentially identify etiologic agents, guiding selection of antifungals and additional diagnostics. Fungal infections of the skin surface are typically caused by Malassezia and rarely Candida, with opportunistic fungi also capable of colonizing the skin surface, especially when the barrier is broken. Folliculocentric infections, caused by dermatophytes, result in mild to severe inflammation and can occasionally penetrate deep into the skin. A wide range of fungi, including agents of hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and dimorphic fungal infections, as well as oomycetes, result in nodular cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. With the occasional exception of dimorphic fungi, fungal speciation often requires cultures performed on fresh tissues. However, molecular techniques such as pan-fungal polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks is becoming an increasingly useful tool to distinguish between cutaneous fungal pathogens. This review focuses on describing the clinical and histologic features of the most common fungal and oomycete infections affecting the skin of animals, divided according to distribution patterns of lesions and fungal or oomycete morphology.
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25
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Miller J, Simpson A, Bloom P, Diesel A, Friedeck A, Paterson T, Wisecup M, Yu CM. 2023 AAHA Management of Allergic Skin Diseases in Dogs and Cats Guidelines. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2023; 59:255-284. [PMID: 37883677 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
These guidelines present a systematic approach to diagnosis, treatment, and management of allergic skin diseases in dogs and cats. The guidelines describe detailed diagnosis and treatment plans for flea allergy, food allergy, and atopy in dogs and for flea allergy, food allergy, and feline atopic skin syndrome in cats. Management of the allergic patient entails a multimodal approach with frequent and ongoing communication with the client. Obtaining a comprehensive history is crucial for diagnosis and treatment of allergic skin diseases, and the guidelines describe key questions to ask when presented with allergic canine and feline patients. Once a detailed history is obtained, a physical examination should be performed, a minimum dermatologic database collected, and treatment for secondary infection, ectoparasites, and pruritus (where indicated) initiated. The process of diagnosing and managing allergic skin disease can be prolonged and frustrating for clients. The guidelines offer recommendations and tips for client communication and when referral to a dermatologist should be considered, to improve client satisfaction and optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Miller
- Animal Dermatology Clinic, Louisville, Kentucky (J.M.)
| | | | - Paul Bloom
- Allergy, Skin and Ear Clinic for Pets, Livonia, Michigan (P.B.)
| | - Alison Diesel
- Animal Dermatology Clinic-Austin, Austin, Texas (A.D.)
| | | | - Tara Paterson
- St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada (T.P.)
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26
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Bescrovaine JDO, Warth JFG, de Souza C, Benoni VW, Baja F, Schneider GX, Vicente VA, de Hoog GS, Queiroz-Telles F. Nannizzia species causing dermatophytosis in cats and dogs: First report of Nannizzia incurvata as an etiological agent in Brazil. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad105. [PMID: 37804177 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a superficial cutaneous infection, most commonly caused by fungal species such as Microsporum canis, Nannizzia gypsea (Microsporum gypseum), and Trichophyton mentagrophytes in dogs and cats. The zoonotic potential of these species is concerning, as companion animals are increasingly close to their owners. Therefore, the objectives of the study were to evaluate the current prevalence of Nannizzia-causing canine and feline dermatophytosis in Curitiba and Metropolitan Region, as well as perform phenotypic and phylogenetic characterizations of these isolates. Thus, 241 skin and fur samples from 163 dogs and 78 cats were analyzed from 2020 to 2021. The samples were obtained from animals of three sources: Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná, animal shelters, and private clinics. The diagnosis was performed through phenotypic characterization and sequencing ITS rDNA region. Among 97 positive samples for dermatophytes, Nannizzia was identified in 14 (14.4%) samples, while other dermatophyte genera were found in the remaining 83 (85.6%) samples. Among the canine samples, nine (90%) were N. gypsea, and one (10%) was N. incurvata. Whereas in feline samples, three (75%) were N. gypsea, and one (25%) was N. incurvata. It was concluded that among 97 animals infected with dermatophytes, dogs (24.4%; 10/41) were significantly more affected by Nannizzia than cats (7.1%; 4/56) (P < .05). According to molecular analyses, the ITS rDNA region provided satisfactory results for species-level identification of Nannizzia, confirming the first report of N. incurvata as an etiological agent of canine and feline dermatophytosis in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Oliveira Bescrovaine
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immuno-Microbiological Diagnosis of the Veterinary Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - José Francisco Ghignatti Warth
- Laboratory of Immuno-Microbiological Diagnosis of the Veterinary Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cybelle de Souza
- Laboratory of Immuno-Microbiological Diagnosis of the Veterinary Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Franciele Baja
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Xavier Schneider
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Vania Aparecida Vicente
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gerrits Sybren de Hoog
- Centre of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Flavio Queiroz-Telles
- Postgraduate Program in Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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27
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Song G, Zhang M, Kong X, Liu W, Liang G. Tinea Capitis in Children Younger than Two Years Old: A Retrospective Study and Treatment Recommendations. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:461-478. [PMID: 36581775 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-022-00703-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis (TC) is a dermatophytosis of the scalp and hair, which occurs less common in children younger than two years of age, and the data of TC in this age group are still unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to reveal the epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of TC in children under two years old. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all reported cases of TC in children in their first two years of life from 1991 to 2022, by searching PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and Weipu databases. RESULTS A total of 47 articles involving 126 cases of pediatric TC were enrolled in this study. The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.28:1. The age of the children ranged from ten days old to two years old with a median age of three months. The main clinical manifestations were alopecic patches (40 cases, 31.7%) and scaling (39 cases, 31.0%) on the scalp, and 29 infants (23.0%) appeared kerion. The most common sources of contagion were animals (35 cases, 27.78%) and humans (31 cases, 24.60%). The leading pathogens were Microsporidium canis (64 cases, 50.79%), followed by Trichophyton violaceum (13 cases, 10.32%), T. mentagrophytes complex (12 cases, 9.52%) and T. tonsurans (10 cases, 7.94%). Ninety-five children (75.40%) were treated with systemic antifungal drugs and 22 patients (17.46%) were only treated with topical therapy. Except for 10 patients with unknown final prognosis, all the other cases were cured after treatment. There was one child (0.79%) relapsed after treatment with griseofulvin and one case (0.79%) presented with gastrointestinal symptoms from griseofulvin. CONCLUSION The principal clinical symptoms of TC in children less than two years old were alopecic patches and scaling. The top four pathogens were M. canis, T. violaceum, T. mentagrophytes complex and T. tonsurans. Oral treatment for pediatric TC had achieved good therapeutic effects, and topical therapy can be an alternative choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
- CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Meijie Zhang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
- CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Xue Kong
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China
- CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, 210042, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China
| | - Weida Liu
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
- CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Guanzhao Liang
- Department of Medical Mycology, Institute of Dermatology and Hospital for Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, China.
- CAMS Collection Center of Pathogen Microorganisms-D (CAMS-CCPM-D), Nanjing, 210042, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, 210042, China.
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28
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Waller SB, Ripoll MK, de Melo LP, Lindemann P, Gomes ADR, Martins ODA, Cleff MB, de Mello JRB, de Faria RO, Meireles MCA. Are polar extracts and essential oil from Origanum vulgare Linn. (oregano) an alternative against itraconazole-resistant dermatophytes from veterinary cases? J Mycol Med 2023; 33:101391. [PMID: 37137171 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2023.101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the conventional therapy against dermatophytosis is based on antifungal drugs and environmental disinfection, the emergence of itraconazole(ITZ)-resistant dermatophytes has encouraged the search for active compounds, such as Origanum vulgare L. (oregano) essential oil (EO). However, little is known about its effect in polar extracts or the mechanism of action of these extracts and EO. We investigated the antifungal activity of four polar extracts and one EO from oregano against ITZ-susceptible and ITZ-resistant dermatophytes and their action mechanism. Polar extracts were prepared as infusions at 10 (INF10) and 60 (INF60) minutes, decoction (DEC) and hydroalcoholic extract (HAE); EO was purchased. All extracts and itraconazole were tested against Microsporum gypseum, M. canis, M. nanum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum isolated from cats, dogs and cattle (n = 28), and humans (n = 2) (M38-A2, CLSI). Among polar extract, DEC stood out as antifungal, followed by INF10 and INF60; HAE was little active. For EO, all isolates were susceptible, including ITZ-resistant dermatophytes. EO was selected for action mechanism assays, and acted in cell wall and plasmatic membrane by complexing with fungal ergosterol. By chromatographic analysis, 4-hydroxibenzoic acid was the most prevalent compound in all polar extracts, followed by syringic acid and caffeic acid; luteolin was present only in HAE. For EO, carvacrol was the major compound (73.9%); followed by γ-terpinene (3.6%) and thymol (3.0%). These findings showed that the extract type of oregano has influenced the antifungal action on dermatophytes, highlight EO and DEC, that are promising as antifungal agent, including against ITZ-resistant dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Bressan Waller
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Márcia Kutscher Ripoll
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciéle Pereira de Melo
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Lindemann
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelita Dos Reis Gomes
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Otávia de Almeida Martins
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marlete Brum Cleff
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Braga de Mello
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 90050-170, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Renata Osório de Faria
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Mário Carlos Araújo Meireles
- Department of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPEL), 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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29
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Older CE, Hoffmann AR, Diesel AB. The feline skin microbiome: interrelationship between health and disease. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231180231. [PMID: 37404049 PMCID: PMC10812058 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231180231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE As with other species, the skin microbiome of cats has been assessed over the past few years utilizing modern technologies. This has resulted in the identification of many more bacterial and fungal organisms compared with what had been recorded historically on the skin in various states of health and disease using culture-based studies. This information is expanding the knowledge of how microbial communities are impacted by various changes in the skin health of cats. More specifically, how these microbial communities change in the face of health and disease, and how various therapeutic interventions affect the cutaneous microbiome, lends a greater understanding of disease pathogenesis and provides a growing area of research for correcting dysbiosis and improving feline skin health. EVIDENCE BASE Most studies on the feline skin microbiome thus far have been descriptive in nature. These provide a framework for the next level of investigations on how various states of health and disease impact the products produced by the cutaneous microbiome (ie, the cutaneous metabolome), as well as how targeted interventions may promote the restoration of balance. AIMS This review aims to summarize what is currently known about the feline cutaneous microbiome and its clinical implications. The role of the skin microbiome in health and disease, the current state of research in this area and the potential for future studies to produce targeted interventions for cats are a particular focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Older
- BS, PhD Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; and Warmwater Aquaculture Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Stoneville, MS, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- DVM, MS, PhD Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida - Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alison B Diesel
- DVM, DACVD Animal Dermatology Group, Animal Dermatology Clinic - Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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30
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Mrazkova K, Konvalinova J, Bedanova I. Reliability of using Wood's lamp by shelter personnel to diagnose Microsporum canis in cats. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:281-286. [PMID: 37982054 PMCID: PMC10581519 DOI: 10.17221/32/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimising diagnostic methods in shelters so that they are as economical as possible for the shelter is especially important because shelters often have a significant lack of funds and so usually do not carry out preventive screening of cats. Dermatophyte fungi spread quickly and can infect shelter staff. The aim of our work was to identify the occurrence of Microsporum canis in shelter cats. It aimed to determine the prevalence of M. canis in cats at the selected shelter and compare the efficiency of detection using a Wood's lamp and culturing on Sabouraud's agar. All cats present in the shelter at the time of the study (n = 70) were examined with Wood's lamp and hair sampling followed by subsequent culturing on Sabouraud's agar. Identification of fungi was based on microscopic proof of macroconidia and microconidia. The prevalence of M. canis by diagnosis on Sabouraud's agar was 64.29% of cats, with the help of Wood's lamp 48.57% of cats showed positive fluorescence. The sensitivity of the Wood lamp examination was 71% and the specificity was 92%. Our study suggests that Wood's lamp could be used by trained shelter personnel for the first examination of cats at reception and could significantly reduce the risk of spreading M. canis in shelters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Mrazkova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Konvalinova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Bedanova
- Department of Animal Protection, Welfare and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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31
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Dario d'Ovidio, Domenico Santoro. Zoonotic Dermatoses of Exotic Companion Mammals. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:511-523. [PMID: 36965883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Integumentary disorders caused by zoonotic agents are very common in exotic companion mammals. This article provides an understanding of the main zoonotic dermatoses including parasitic, fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases to provide the most updated information on their epidemiology, diagnosis, reported clinical signs, and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 Southwest 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Doss GA. Dermatologic Diseases of Four-Toed Hedgehogs. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:443-453. [PMID: 36965880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Dermatologic diseases are frequently diagnosed in the four-toed hedgehog. Common clinical signs include spine loss, scales and crusts, pruritus, alopecia, and masses. Caparinia tripilis, family Psoroptidae, is the most common mite affecting hedgehogs, and is diagnosed via light microscopy. Dermatophytosis from Trichophyton erinacei infection is a common zoonotic dermatologic disease in pet hedgehogs. Diagnosis is through fungal culture. Neoplasia is another major cause of dermatologic diseases in four-toed hedgehogs. The diagnostic approach typically begins with a fine-needle aspirate but often requires a biopsy for a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grayson A Doss
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Halck ML, Schoemaker NJ, van Zeeland YRA. Ferret Dermatology. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:359-382. [PMID: 36965876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Skin diseases commonly affect pet ferrets, with neoplastic, endocrine, and parasitic diseases being the most common. This review includes clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and treatment of diseases with a dermatologic presentation in ferrets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nico J Schoemaker
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne R A van Zeeland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 108, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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White SD. Rabbit Dermatology. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2023; 26:347-357. [PMID: 36965875 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The majority of rabbit skin disease presentations can be divided into pruritus, alopecia, scaling, and nodules. Some disease will have more than one of these clinical signs. Ectoparasites, bacterial and fungal infections, and neoplasia account for most of the causes seen. Diagnostic tests include skin scraping and cytology, microbial culture, and biopsy. Therapy is dependent on cause. In addition to discussing the various causes and their treatments, important clinical care points are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D White
- Department of Veterinary, Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 2108 Tupper Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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35
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Grahn B. Blepharitis and Neoplasms of the Canine Eyelid Margin and Skin. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:455-471. [PMID: 36813395 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Canine eyelid masses (tumors) should include the differential clinical diagnoses of neoplasia and blepharitis. They have many common clinical signs including tumor, alopecia, and hyperemia. Biopsy and histologic examination remains the most effective diagnostic test to establish a confirmed diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Neoplasms are typically benign (tarsal gland adenomas, melanocytomas, and so forth) with the exception of lymphosarcoma. Blepharitis is noted in 2 age groups including dogs aged less than 1.5 years and middle aged to older dogs. Most blepharitis cases will respond to specific therapy once an accurate diagnosis is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Grahn
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Prairie Ocular Pathology Service, Prairie Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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36
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de Mello LS, Ribeiro PR, de Almeida BA, Bandinelli MB, Sonne L, Driemeier D, Pavarini SP. Diseases associated with feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection: A retrospective study of 1470 necropsied cats (2010-2020). Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 95:101963. [PMID: 36858000 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses affecting cats worldwide, and the prevalence of infection varies considerably according to the geographic area. We retrospectively described FIV- and FeLV-associated diseases in a population of 1470 necropsied cats, of which 396 (26.9%) were infected with FeLV, 199 (13.5%) with FIV, and 134 (9.1%) with FeLV and FIV concomitantly. Cats infected with FeLV (OR 3.4) and co-infected with FeLV and FIV (OR 1.9) were more likely to have neoplasms. The diagnosis of lymphoma and leukemia was higher in cats infected with FeLV (OR 3.9 and 19.4, respectively) and coinfected with FeLV and FIV (OR 1.9 and 19.3, respectively). The odds of diagnosing bacterial diseases were higher in cats coinfected with FeLV and FIV (OR: 2.8), whereas the odds of viral diseases were higher in those infected with FeLV (OR: 2.8), with 2.2 times more diagnoses of feline infectious peritonitis. Neoplastic and infectious diseases in FIV-infected cats did not differ significantly from those in uninfected cats. According to our results, a high prevalence of retroviral infections was observed in southern Brazil, mainly in relation to FeLV. Infected cats were significantly younger than uninfected cats. The main causes of death associated with FeLV infection and FeLV and FIV coinfection were neoplastic and infectious diseases. In contrast, FIV infection was not associated with any specific condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Santos de Mello
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Paula Reis Ribeiro
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Bruno Albuquerque de Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Marcele Bettim Bandinelli
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - David Driemeier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
| | - Saulo Petinatti Pavarini
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 9090 Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, RS 91540-000, Brazil.
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Spanamberg A, Ravazzolo AP, Araujo R, Franceschi N, Ferreiro L. Bovine ringworm - Detection of Trichophyton verrucosum by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. Med Mycol Case Rep 2023; 39:34-37. [PMID: 36865767 PMCID: PMC9971031 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton verrucosum is the most commonly dermatophyte involved in cattle ringworm. This work reported a case of bovine dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton verrucosum detected from the clinical sample by SYBR-Green real-time PCR. The strategy was based on the DNA extraction directly from the infected hair followed by real-time PCR and melting-point analysis. A faster and differential diagnosis was observed when compared to the conventional mycological methodology for detection and identification of Trichophyton verrucosum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Spanamberg
- Setor de Micologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Corresponding author. Setor de Micologia, FaVet - UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves n. 9090. Bairro Agronomia, CEP, 91540-000. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Ravazzolo
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Faculdade de Veterinária, UFRGS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Araujo
- i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal,INEB – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Franceschi
- Setor de Micologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laerte Ferreiro
- Setor de Micologia Veterinária, Departamento de Patologia Clínica Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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38
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Effects of Coleus amboinicus L. Essential Oil and Ethanolic Extracts on Planktonic Cells and Biofilm Formation of Microsporum canis Isolated from Feline Dermatophytosis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121734. [PMID: 36551390 PMCID: PMC9774219 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporum canis is an important zoonotic fungus that causes dermatophytosis in domestic animals and their owners. Domestic cats are the primary reservoir for M. canis. Antifungal drugs frequently produce adverse effects on the host animal, increasing the demand for novel alternative treatments derived from nature. We evaluated the antifungal activity of Coleus amboinicus essential oil (CEO) and ethanolic extracts (CEE) against M. canis in planktonic and biofilm growth. Twelve clinical isolates of M. canis were identified in feline dermatophyte samples. Using GC-MS, 18 compounds were identified in CEO, with carvacrol being the major constituent. HPLC analysis of CEE revealed that it contained rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and caffeic acid. The planktonic growth of all M. canis isolates was inhibited by C. amboinicus extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which ≥50% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC50) was 128 µg/mL (32-256 µg/mL) for both CEO and CEE. The MIC90 values of CEO and CEE were 128 and 256 µg/mL, respectively. CEO at MIC (128 µg/mL) and 2× MIC (256 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of weak, moderate, and strong biofilm-producing M. canis. CEE at 2× MIC (256 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of all isolates. Overall, C. amboinicus extracts inhibited planktonic growth and exhibited a significant antibiofilm effect against M. canis. Thus, C. amboinicus is a potential source of natural antifungal compounds.
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39
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Türkmen E, Parmaksız S, Nigiz Ş, Sağıroğlu M, Şenel S. A safe bioadhesive system for topical delivery of combined antimicrobials in treatment of skin infections in veterinary medicine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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40
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Watanabe M, Tsuchihashi H, Ogawa T, Ogawa Y, Komiyama E, Hirasawa Y, Hiruma M, Kano R, Ikeda S. <i>Microsporum canis</i> Infection in a Cat Breeder Family and an Investigation of Their Breeding Cats. Med Mycol J 2022; 63:139-142. [DOI: 10.3314/mmj.22-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | | | - Takasuke Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Yumi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Etsuko Komiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Yusuke Hirasawa
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Masataro Hiruma
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Rui Kano
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology (TIMM)
| | - Shigaku Ikeda
- Department of Dermatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
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Goericke-Pesch S, Packeiser EM. Reproductive Management in Catteries: Optimising health and wellbeing through veterinarian-breeder collaboration. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:881-904. [PMID: 36002135 PMCID: PMC10812226 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221118760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE Many veterinarians - even those engaged in small animal reproduction - are uncomfortable with taking care of cat breeders or being in charge of catteries. Likely reasons for this are that feline reproduction is largely under-represented in undergraduate and graduate reproduction teaching, as well as in postgraduate education and science, whereas cat breeders themselves are often well informed and actively share knowledge with other cat breeders via the internet and social media. CLINICAL CHALLENGES A variety of problems can exist within a cattery, and collaboration between veterinarian and breeder to solve these is ultimately beneficial for the breeder, for the veterinarian, and for the health and wellbeing of the individual cats and of the cattery as a whole. AIM This review presents a comprehensive overview of aspects of cattery management that might negatively impact reproduction, including sanitation, hygiene and infectious disease control. It also discusses monitoring of reproductive performance, breeding recommendations, and the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to some common and specific problems. EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL SKILLS Reproductive management in the cattery requires no specialised equipment, as such. What it does need is an open mind, in terms of seeing how things are done, an open ear, for listening to the breeder, and the veterinarian's clinical skills in palpation, auscultation and, where required, further examination of the animals. Keeping abreast of the latest information on infectious diseases, disinfection and genetics ensures proper advice is provided. EVIDENCE BASE Current knowledge of reproductive management in catteries is summarised in order to apply an evidence-based approach, whenever possible. Notwithstanding, much of the information remains empirical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Goericke-Pesch
- Reproductive Unit – Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Reproductive Unit – Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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López‐Gómez N, Piñeiro IR, Fernández Y. Successful treatment but delayed complete recovery of griseofulvin‐induced bone marrow hypoplasia in an FIV‐seronegative cat. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López‐Gómez
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Veterinario Puchol Madrid Spain
- Hospital Veterinario Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
| | | | - Yordan Fernández
- Department of Internal Medicine Hospital Veterinario Puchol Madrid Spain
- AniCura Imavet Referencia Veterinaria, O Milladoiro A Coruña Spain
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43
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Moskaluk AE, VandeWoude S. Current Topics in Dermatophyte Classification and Clinical Diagnosis. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11090957. [PMID: 36145389 PMCID: PMC9502385 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11090957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are highly infectious fungi that cause superficial infections in keratinized tissues in humans and animals. This group of fungi is defined by their ability to digest keratin and encompasses a wide range of species. Classification of many of these species has recently changed due to genetic analysis, potentially affecting clinical diagnosis and disease management. In this review, we discuss dermatophyte classification including name changes for medically important species, current and potential diagnostic techniques for detecting dermatophytes, and an in-depth review of Microsporum canis, a prevalent zoonotic dermatophyte. Fungal culture is still considered the “gold standard” for diagnosing dermatophytosis; however, modern molecular assays have overcome the main disadvantages of culture, allowing for tandem use with cultures. Further investigation into novel molecular assays for dermatophytosis is critical, especially for high-density populations where rapid diagnosis is essential for outbreak prevention. A frequently encountered dermatophyte in clinical settings is M. canis, which causes dermatophytosis in humans and cats. M. canis is adapting to its primary host (cats) as one of its mating types (MAT1-2) appears to be going extinct, leading to a loss of sexual reproduction. Investigating M. canis strains around the world can help elucidate the evolutionary trajectory of this fungi.
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Rapid and Visual RPA-Cas12a Fluorescence Assay for Accurate Detection of Dermatophytes in Cats and Dogs. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080636. [PMID: 36005032 PMCID: PMC9406134 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytosis, an infectious disease caused by several fungi, can affect the hair, nails, and/or superficial layers of the skin and is of global significance. The most common dermatophytes in cats and dogs are Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Wood’s lamp examination, microscopic identification, and fungal culture are the conventional clinical diagnostic methods, while PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and qPCR (Quantitative PCR) are playing an increasingly important role in the identification of dermatophytes. However, none of these methods could be applied to point-of-care testing (POCT). The recent development of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) based diagnostic platform promises a rapid, accurate, and portable diagnostic tool. In this paper, we present a Cas12a-fluorescence assay to detect and differentiate the main dermatophytes in clinical samples with high specificity and sensitivity. The Cas12a-based assay was performed with a combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The results could be directly visualized by naked eyes under blue light, and all tested samples were consistent with fungal culture and sequencing results. Compared with traditional methods, the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay requires less time (about 30 min) and less complicated equipment, and the visual changes can be clearly observed with naked eyes, which is suitable for on-site clinical diagnosis.
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Important Mycosis of Wildlife: Emphasis on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Pathology—A Review: PART 2. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151897. [PMID: 35892547 PMCID: PMC9332861 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild animals are an important component of the ecosystem, and play a major role in it. However, in recent years, there has been an astronomical increase in the incidence of wildlife mycotic diseases leading to wildlife extermination. It is important to note that most of these mycotic diseases are zoonotic, and since there is a lot of attention given to zoonosis of a bacterial or viral origin in recent times, it is important to look into the mycotic diseases which may have zoonotic potential. Previously, the authors expatiated on some major wildlife mycotic diseases. In this review, we shed light on the etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, pathogenicity, macroscopic and microscopic pathology, and hematological and serum biochemical findings of dermatophytosis, coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, and sporotrichosis, which are very important mycoses of wildlife.
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Moskaluk A, Darlington L, Kuhn S, Behzadi E, Gagne RB, Kozakiewicz CP, VandeWoude S. Genetic Characterization of Microsporum canis Clinical Isolates in the United States. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:676. [PMID: 35887433 PMCID: PMC9321804 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporum canis is the primary agent causing dermatophytosis in cats, and also infects humans, dogs, and other species. Assessment of genetic variation among M. canis isolates in the United States has not been conducted. Further, M. canis mating type and assessment of disease severity associated with genotypic characteristics have not been rigorously evaluated. We therefore isolated M. canis from 191 domestic cats across the US and characterized genotypes by evaluation of ITS sequence, MAT locus, and microsatellite loci analysis. The genes SSU1 and SUB3, which are associated with keratin adhesion and digestion, were sequenced from a subset of isolates to evaluate potential genetic associations with virulence. Analysis of microsatellite makers revealed three M. canis genetic clusters. Both clinic location and disease severity were significant predictors of microsatellite variants. 100% of the M. canis isolates were MAT1-1 mating gene type, indicating that MAT1-2 is very rare or extinct in the US and that asexual reproduction is the dominant form of replication. No genetic variation at SSU1 and SUB3 was observed. These findings pave the way for novel testing modalities for M. canis and provide insights about transmission and ecology of this ubiquitous and relatively uncharacterized agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Moskaluk
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Lauren Darlington
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Sally Kuhn
- Behavior Analysis, Simmons University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Elisa Behzadi
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Roderick B. Gagne
- Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Christopher P. Kozakiewicz
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
| | - Sue VandeWoude
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (A.M.); (L.D.); (E.B.); (C.P.K.)
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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Zoonotic Dermatophyte Infection in Pet Rabbits in Northern Taiwan. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060627. [PMID: 35736110 PMCID: PMC9224643 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dermatophytes are the group of keratinophilic fungi that cause superficial cutaneous infection, which traditionally belong to the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton. Dermatophyte infection is not only a threat to the health of small animals, but also an important zoonotic and public health issue because of the potential transmission from animals to humans. Rabbit dermatophytosis is often clinically identified; however, limited information was found in Asia. The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence and to evaluate the risk factors of dermatophytosis in pet rabbits in Northern Taiwan. Between March 2016 and October 2018, dander samples of pet rabbits were collected for fungal infection examination by Wood’s lamp, microscopic examination (KOH preparation), fungal culture, and PCR assay (molecular identification). Z test and Fisher’s exact test were performed to evaluate the potential risk factors, and logistic regression analysis was then performed to build the model of risk factors related to dermatophyte infection. Of the collected 250 dander samples of pet rabbits, 29 (11.6%) samples were positive for dermatophytes by molecular identification. In those samples, 28 samples were identified as the T. mentagrophytes complex and 1 sample was identified as M. canis. Based on the results of the Firth’s bias reduction logistic analyses, animal source (rabbits purchased from pet shops) and number of rearing rabbits (three rabbits or more) were shown as the main risks for dermatophyte infection in the pet rabbits in Taiwan. The results of the present study elucidate the prevalence of rabbit dermatophyte infection, pathogens, and risk factors in Taiwan, and provide an important reference for the prevention and control of rabbit dermatophytosis.
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48
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Frost K, Schick A, Mount R. A retrospective analysis of the concordance of in-house fungal culture and a commercial quantitative PCR from 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA (2018-2019). Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:392-397. [PMID: 35661448 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial quantitative (q)PCR and fungal culture can be used concurrently or individually to test for dermatophytosis with a reported high sensitivity and specificity. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES The aims of this retrospective study were: (i) to evaluate the concordance of a commercial qPCR with in-house fungal culture for the initial diagnosis of dermatophytosis and for monitoring for mycological cure during treatment in dermatology private practice; and (ii) determine the sensitivity and specificity of qPCR overall, (iii) for initial diagnosis and (iv) for treatment monitoring in dogs and cats. ANIMALS Four-hundred and twenty-seven client-owned dogs and 188 client-owned cats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective evaluation of electronic medical records from 615 client-owned dogs and cats presented to 16 dermatology referral practices across the USA from 2018 to 2019. Concordance of qPCR with in-house fungal culture and sensitivity and specificity were determined from 667 paired samples. RESULTS qPCR agreed with in-house fungal culture in 63 of 85 positive tests and 571 of 582 negative tests, with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 74.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 63.5-83.0] and 98.1% (95%CI 96.6-99.0), respectively. qPCR sensitivity and specificity for the initial diagnosis of dermatophytosis and for treatment monitoring were 72.4% (95%CI 59.1-83.3) and 98.7% (95%CI 97.3-99.5), and 77.8% (95%CI 57.7-91.4) and 92.0% (95%CI 80.1-97.8), respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Compared to in-house fungal culture, qPCR was less sensitive and more specific than reported previously. These findings suggest that a diagnosis of dermatophytosis and determining mycological cure should continue to be based on a combination of complementary diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Frost
- Dermatology for Animals, Gilbert, AZ, USA.,Dermatology for Animals, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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49
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Peano A, Hubka V, Cavana P, Ottino C, Blandolino M, Molinar Min AR, Pasquetti M. Cases of dermatophytosis caused by
Trichophyton benhamiae
var.
luteum
and
T. europaeum
, newly described dermatophytes within the
T. benhamiae
complex. Vet Dermatol 2022; 33:440-445. [PMID: 35635276 PMCID: PMC9545641 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Peano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
| | - Vit Hubka
- Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Fungal Genetics and Metabolism Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Paola Cavana
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
| | - Chiara Ottino
- Non‐Conventional Animal Unit Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Pasquetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Grugliasco, Torino Italy
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50
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Łagowski D, Gnat S, Dyląg M, Nowakiewicz A. Laboratory Diagnosis and In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibility of Trichophyton quinckeanum from Human Zoonoses and Cats. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:739. [PMID: 35740146 PMCID: PMC9219606 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The "One Health" concept increasingly demonstrates the global spread of pathogenic (also eukaryotic) microorganisms and their zoonotic potential. Dermatophytes can cause superficial mycoses in humans and animals. Furthermore, the number of transmissions from asymptomatic carriers to humans has been on the rise over the last few years. This study was focused on the detailed characterisation of clinical isolates of Trichophyton quinckeanum with epidemiological analyses and characterisation of their in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns. The isolated dermatophytes were identified with a combination of conventional and molecular methods. In turn, their susceptibility in vitro was tested according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38 ed.3 protocol. A total of 36 strains were isolated, with 21 cases of T. quinckeanum zoonoses resulting from direct contact with symptomatic cats (58.3%). The other 15 strains (41.7%) were isolated simultaneously from healthy cats and their owners. All strains showed high susceptibility to allylamine, pyridinone, and phenyl morpholine derivatives but were resistant to fluconazole and ketoconazole. In conclusion, our study shows the frequency of zoonoses contracted from asymptomatic cats. Moreover, the antifungal susceptibility profiles indicate the serious risk posed to animal owners by resistant strains of T. quinckeanum, which are often responsible for recalcitrant-to-treatment cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Sebastian Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Dyląg
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-137 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
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