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Qian S, Zhang S, Lu M, Chen S, Liu L, Liu S, Jiang F, Zhang J. The accuracy of screening tools for sarcopenia in older Chinese adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1310383. [PMID: 38375338 PMCID: PMC10876058 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1310383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This review aimed to analyze and compare the accuracy of eight screening tools for sarcopenia in older Chinese adults according to different diagnostic criteria. Methods This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang databases were searched between the publication of the first expert consensus on sarcopenia in 2010 and April 2023 using relevant MeSH terms. We evaluated the risk bias of the included studies using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) tool. The pooled result of sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and plot the summary receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) were calculated by using a bivariate random-effects model. The accuracies of sensitivity and specificity of the screening tools were compared using the Z-test. Results A total of 30 studies (23,193 participants) were included, except for calf circumference (CC), Ishii, and Finger-ring Test; Screening tools for sarcopenia in older Chinese adults have consistently shown low to moderate sensitivity and moderate to high specificity. Regional and sex differences affect the accuracy of the screening tools. In terms of sensitivity and specificity, the CC, Ishii, and Finger-ring Test were superior to the other screening tools. Conclusion The Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria are more appropriate for the diagnosis of sarcopenia in older Chinese adults. According to the AWGS 2019, CC and Ishii are recommended for sarcopenia screening in older Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Qian
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengchen Lu
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhang Chen
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyao Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Fanglin Jiang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jisheng Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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2
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Elkrief D, Matusovsky O, Cheng YS, Rassier DE. From amino-acid to disease: the effects of oxidation on actin-myosin interactions in muscle. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2023; 44:225-254. [PMID: 37805961 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-023-09658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Actin-myosin interactions form the basis of the force-producing contraction cycle within the sarcomere, serving as the primary mechanism for muscle contraction. Post-translational modifications, such as oxidation, have a considerable impact on the mechanics of these interactions. Considering their widespread occurrence, the explicit contributions of these modifications to muscle function remain an active field of research. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic mechanics of the actin-myosin complex and elucidate the extent to which oxidation influences the contractile cycle and various mechanical characteristics of this complex at the single-molecule, myofibrillar and whole-muscle levels. We place particular focus on amino acids shown to be vulnerable to oxidation in actin, myosin, and some of their binding partners. Additionally, we highlight the differences between in vitro environments, where oxidation is controlled and limited to actin and myosin and myofibrillar or whole muscle environments, to foster a better understanding of oxidative modification in muscle. Thus, this review seeks to encompass a broad range of studies, aiming to lay out the multi layered effects of oxidation in in vitro and in vivo environments, with brief mention of clinical muscular disorders associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daren Elkrief
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Oleg Matusovsky
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yu-Shu Cheng
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dilson E Rassier
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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3
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Galvan-Alvarez V, Gallego-Selles A, Martinez-Canton M, García-Gonzalez E, Gelabert-Rebato M, Ponce-Gonzalez JG, Larsen S, Morales-Alamo D, Losa-Reyna J, Perez-Suarez I, Dorado C, Perez-Valera M, Holmberg HC, Boushel R, de Pablos Velasco P, Helge JW, Martin-Rincon M, Calbet JAL. Antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2/Keap1 in human skeletal muscle: Influence of age, sex, adiposity and aerobic fitness. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:282-291. [PMID: 37858747 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Ageing, a sedentary lifestyle, and obesity are associated with increased oxidative stress, while regular exercise is associated with an increased antioxidant capacity in trained skeletal muscles. Whether a higher aerobic fitness is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes and their regulatory factors in skeletal muscle remains unknown. Although oestrogens could promote a higher antioxidant capacity in females, it remains unknown whether a sex dimorphism exists in humans regarding the antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle. Thus, the aim was to determine the protein expression levels of the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) and their regulatory factors Nrf2 and Keap1 in 189 volunteers (120 males and 69 females) to establish whether sex differences exist and how age, VO2max and adiposity influence these. For this purpose, vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained in all participants under resting and unstressed conditions. No significant sex differences in Nrf2, Keap1, SOD1, SOD2, catalase and GR protein expression levels were observed after accounting for VO2max, age and adiposity differences. Multiple regression analysis indicates that the VO2max in mL.kg LLM-1.min-1can be predicted from the levels of SOD2, Total Nrf2 and Keap1 (R = 0.58, P < 0.001), with SOD2 being the main predictor explaining 28 % of variance in VO2max, while Nrf2 and Keap1 explained each around 3 % of the variance. SOD1 protein expression increased with ageing in the whole group after accounting for differences in VO2max and body fat percentage. Overweight and obesity were associated with increased pSer40-Nrf2, pSer40-Nrf2/Total Nrf2 ratio and SOD1 protein expression levels after accounting for differences in age and VO2max. Overall, at the population level, higher aerobic fitness is associated with increased basal expression of muscle antioxidant enzymes, which may explain some of the benefits of regular exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Galvan-Alvarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Angel Gallego-Selles
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Martinez-Canton
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Miriam Gelabert-Rebato
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jesus Gustavo Ponce-Gonzalez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - Steen Larsen
- Center of Healthy Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - David Morales-Alamo
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose Losa-Reyna
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain
| | - Ismael Perez-Suarez
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Cecilia Dorado
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Mario Perez-Valera
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Hans-Christer Holmberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert Boushel
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pedro de Pablos Velasco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jorn Wulff Helge
- Center of Healthy Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marcos Martin-Rincon
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Jose A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira s/n, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Spain; Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Paseo Blas Cabrera Felipe "Físico" s/n, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Physical Performance, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Postboks, 4014 Ulleval Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
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4
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Zhong Q, Zheng K, Li W, An K, Liu Y, Xiao X, Hai S, Dong B, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Post-translational regulation of muscle growth, muscle aging and sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023. [PMID: 37127279 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle makes up 30-40% of the total body mass. It is of great significance in maintaining digestion, inhaling and exhaling, sustaining body posture, exercising, protecting joints and many other aspects. Moreover, muscle is also an important metabolic organ that helps to maintain the balance of sugar and fat. Defective skeletal muscle function not only limits the daily activities of the elderly but also increases the risk of disability, hospitalization and death, placing a huge burden on society and the healthcare system. Sarcopenia is a progressive decline in muscle mass, muscle strength and muscle function with age caused by environmental and genetic factors, such as the abnormal regulation of protein post-translational modifications (PTMs). To date, many studies have shown that numerous PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, glycation, methylation, S-nitrosylation, carbonylation and S-glutathionylation, are involved in the regulation of muscle health and diseases. This article systematically summarizes the post-translational regulation of muscle growth and muscle atrophy and helps to understand the pathophysiology of muscle aging and develop effective strategies for diagnosing, preventing and treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanmeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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5
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Naruse M, Trappe S, Trappe TA. Human skeletal muscle-specific atrophy with aging: a comprehensive review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 134:900-914. [PMID: 36825643 PMCID: PMC10069966 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00768.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy appears to be a muscle group-specific process, yet only a few specific muscles have been investigated and our understanding in this area is limited. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the available information on age-related skeletal muscle atrophy in a muscle-specific manner, nearly half of which comes from the quadriceps. Decline in muscle-specific size over ∼50 yr of aging was determined from 47 cross-sectional studies of 982 young (∼25 yr) and 1,003 old (∼75 yr) individuals and nine muscle groups: elbow extensors (-20%, -0.39%/yr), elbow flexors (-19%, -0.38%/yr), paraspinals (-24%, -0.47%/yr), psoas (-29%, -0.58%/yr), hip adductors (-13%, -0.27%/yr), hamstrings (-19%, -0.39%/yr), quadriceps (-27%, -0.53%/yr), dorsiflexors (-9%, -0.19%/yr), and triceps surae (-14%, -0.28%/yr). Muscle-specific atrophy rate was also determined for each of the subcomponent muscles in the hamstrings, quadriceps, and triceps surae. Of all the muscles included in this review, there was more than a fivefold difference between the least (-6%, -0.13%/yr, soleus) to the most (-33%, -0.66%/yr, rectus femoris) atrophying muscles. Muscle activity level, muscle fiber type, sex, and timeline of the aging process all appeared to have some influence on muscle-specific atrophy. Given the large range of muscle-specific atrophy and the large number of muscles that have not been investigated, more muscle-specific information could expand our understanding of functional deficits that develop with aging and help guide muscle-specific interventions to improve the quality of life of aging women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Naruse
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
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6
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Mayfield DL, Cronin NJ, Lichtwark GA. Understanding altered contractile properties in advanced age: insights from a systematic muscle modelling approach. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:309-337. [PMID: 36335506 PMCID: PMC9958200 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Age-related alterations of skeletal muscle are numerous and present inconsistently, and the effect of their interaction on contractile performance can be nonintuitive. Hill-type muscle models predict muscle force according to well-characterised contractile phenomena. Coupled with simple, yet reasonably realistic activation dynamics, such models consist of parameters that are meaningfully linked to fundamental aspects of muscle excitation and contraction. We aimed to illustrate the utility of a muscle model for elucidating relevant mechanisms and predicting changes in output by simulating the individual and combined effects on isometric force of several known ageing-related adaptations. Simulating literature-informed reductions in free Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitivity generated predictions at odds qualitatively with the characteristic slowing of contraction speed. Conversely, incorporating slower Ca2+ removal or a fractional increase in type I fibre area emulated expected changes; the former was required to simulate slowing of the twitch measured experimentally. Slower Ca2+ removal more than compensated for force loss arising from a large reduction in Ca2+ sensitivity or moderate reduction in Ca2+ release, producing realistic age-related shifts in the force-frequency relationship. Consistent with empirical data, reductions in free Ca2+ concentration and Ca2+ sensitivity reduced maximum tetanic force only slightly, even when acting in concert, suggesting a modest contribution to lower specific force. Lower tendon stiffness and slower intrinsic shortening speed slowed and prolonged force development in a compliance-dependent manner without affecting force decay. This work demonstrates the advantages of muscle modelling for exploring sources of variation and identifying mechanisms underpinning the altered contractile properties of aged muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean L Mayfield
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, USA.
| | - Neil J Cronin
- Neuromuscular Research Centre, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- School of Sport and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK
| | - Glen A Lichtwark
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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7
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7083842
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8
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Grosicki GJ, Zepeda CS, Sundberg CW. Single muscle fibre contractile function with ageing. J Physiol 2022; 600:5005-5026. [PMID: 36268622 PMCID: PMC9722590 DOI: 10.1113/jp282298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ageing is accompanied by decrements in the size and function of skeletal muscle that compromise independence and quality of life in older adults. Developing therapeutic strategies to ameliorate these changes is critical but requires an in-depth mechanistic understanding of the underlying physiology. Over the past 25 years, studies on the contractile mechanics of isolated human muscle fibres have been instrumental in facilitating our understanding of the cellular mechanisms contributing to age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction. The purpose of this review is to characterize the changes that occur in single muscle fibre size and contractile function with ageing and identify key areas for future research. Surprisingly, most studies observe that the size and contractile function of fibres expressing slow myosin heavy chain (MHC) I are well-preserved with ageing. In contrast, there are profound age-related decrements in the size and contractile function of the fibres expressing the MHC II isoforms. Notably, lifelong aerobic exercise training is unable to prevent most of the decrements in fast fibre contractile function, which have been implicated as a primary mechanism for the age-related loss in whole-muscle power output. These findings reveal a critical need to investigate the effectiveness of other nutritional, pharmaceutical or exercise strategies, such as lifelong resistance training, to preserve fast fibre size and function with ageing. Moreover, integrating single fibre contractile mechanics with the molecular profile and other parameters important to contractile function (e.g. phosphorylation of regulatory proteins, innervation status, mitochondrial function, fibre economy) is necessary to comprehensively understand the ageing skeletal muscle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Georgia Southern University (Armstrong Campus), Savannah, Georgia, USA
| | - Carlos S. Zepeda
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Christopher W. Sundberg
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Athletic and Human Performance Research Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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9
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Stalmach A, Boehm I, Fernandes M, Rutter A, Skipworth RJE, Husi H. Gene Ontology (GO)-Driven Inference of Candidate Proteomic Markers Associated with Muscle Atrophy Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175514. [PMID: 36080280 PMCID: PMC9457532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of a healthy and active lifestyle. Imbalance in muscle homeostasis has significant consequences such as atrophy, loss of muscle mass, and progressive loss of functions. Aging-related muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and atrophy as a consequence of disease, such as cachexia, reduce the quality of life, increase morbidity and result in an overall poor prognosis. Investigating the muscle proteome related to muscle atrophy diseases has a great potential for diagnostic medicine to identify (i) potential protein biomarkers, and (ii) biological processes and functions common or unique to muscle wasting, cachexia, sarcopenia, and aging alone. We conducted a meta-analysis using gene ontology (GO) analysis of 24 human proteomic studies using tissue samples (skeletal muscle and adipose biopsies) and/or biofluids (serum, plasma, urine). Whilst there were few similarities in protein directionality across studies, biological processes common to conditions were identified. Here we demonstrate that the GO analysis of published human proteomics data can identify processes not revealed by single studies. We recommend the integration of proteomics data from tissue samples and biofluids to yield a comprehensive overview of the human skeletal muscle proteome. This will facilitate the identification of biomarkers and potential pathways of muscle-wasting conditions for use in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelique Stalmach
- Centre for Health Science, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Ines Boehm
- Edinburgh Cancer Research UK Tissue Group, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Fernandes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Alison Rutter
- Centre for Health Science, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Richard J. E. Skipworth
- Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK
| | - Holger Husi
- Centre for Health Science, Division of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, School of Health, Social Care and Life Sciences, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness IV2 3JH, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
- Correspondence:
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10
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Holmes M, Koutakis P, Ismaeel A. Aging alters gastrocnemius muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO 2) characteristics in healthy individuals. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1509-1520. [PMID: 35419666 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04944-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional limitations during exercise from alterations in the balance of oxygen supply and demand-as reported by lower tissue oxygen saturation and longer recovery time-are well documented in clinical populations. We aimed to assess changes in skeletal muscle hemoglobin oxygen saturation (StO2) characteristics during exercise as a result of aging in otherwise healthy individuals. METHODS We recruited healthy male and female participants (n = 101) from three age ranges-young (18-39 years), middle age (40-65 years), and older (> 65 years)-to complete exercise tests commonly used in clinical populations. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we assessed StO2 in the medial gastrocnemius during the Gardner Treadmill Protocol and 6 min walk test (6MWT). RESULTS Minimum StO2 (%) during the treadmill test was significantly lower for both middle-age (36.1 ± 20.6) and older (27.3 ± 19.4) participants compared to young (46.8 ± 14.8) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively), and recovery time (minutes) was significantly prolonged (young = 0.22 ± 0.34; middle age = 0.66 ± 0.52; older = 1.04 ± 1.00) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Similar results were shown during the 6MWT, as minimum StO2 (%) was lower in middle-age (41.7 ± 17.2) and older (40.0 ± 25.9) participants compared to young (53.6 ± 14.5) (p < 0.05), and recovery times (minutes) were prolonged (young: 0.11 ± 0.17; middle age: 0.46 ± 0.42; older: 0.93 ± 0.43) (p < 0.001 for both middle age and older compared to young). Simple linear regression analyses demonstrated that age predicted treadmill recovery and 6MWT recovery. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that aging, even in otherwise healthy individuals, negatively impacts muscle StO2 characteristics. In older individuals, working muscle tissue may reach lower oxygen saturation during exercise and take longer to return to baseline oxygen saturation post-exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Holmes
- Max E, Wastl Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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11
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Single skeletal muscle fiber mechanical properties: a muscle quality biomarker of human aging. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1383-1395. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04924-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Abstract
The Exercise Boom of the 1970's resulted in the adoption of habitual exercise in a significant portion of the population. Many of these individuals are defying the cultural norms by remaining physically active and competing at a high level in their later years. The juxtaposition between masters athletes and non-exercisers demonstrate the importance of remaining physically active throughout the lifespan on physiological systems related to healthspan (years of healthy living). This includes ~50% improved maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) and enhanced skeletal muscle health (size, function, as well as metabolic and communicative properties) compared to non-exercisers at a similar age. By taking a reductionist approach to VO2max and skeletal muscle health, we can gain insight into how aging and habitual exercise affects the aging process. Collectively, this review provides a physiological basis for the elite performances seen in masters athletes, as well as the health implications of lifelong exercise with a focus on VO2max, skeletal muscle metabolic fitness, whole muscle size and function, single muscle fiber physiology, and communicative properties of skeletal muscle. This review has significant public health implications due to the potent health benefits of habitual exercise across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Gries
- Exercise and Sports Science, Marian University, Indianapolis, United States
| | - S W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, United States
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13
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Ronaldson SM, Stephenson DG, Head SI. Calcium and strontium contractile activation properties of single skinned skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women 66-90 years of age. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2022; 43:173-183. [PMID: 35987933 PMCID: PMC9708809 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-022-09628-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The single freshly skinned muscle fibre technique was used to investigate Ca2+- and Sr2+-activation properties of skeletal muscle fibres from elderly women (66-90 years). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle. Three populations of muscle fibres were identified according to their specific Sr2+-activation properties: slow-twitch (type I), fast-twitch (type II) and hybrid (type I/II) fibres. All three fibre types were sampled from the biopsies of 66 to 72 years old women, but the muscle biopsies of women older than 80 years yielded only slow-twitch (type I) fibres. The proportion of hybrid fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle of women of circa 70 years of age (24%) was several-fold greater than in the same muscle of adults (< 10%), suggesting that muscle remodelling occurs around this age. There were no differences between the Ca2+- and Sr2+-activation properties of slow-twitch fibres from the two groups of elderly women, but there were differences compared with muscle fibres from young adults with respect to sensitivity to Ca2+, steepness of the activation curves, and characteristics of the fibre-type dependent phenomenon of spontaneous oscillatory contractions (SPOC) (or force oscillations) occurring at submaximal levels of activation. The maximal Ca2+ activated specific force from all the fibres collected from the seven old women use in the present study was significantly lower by 20% than in the same muscle of adults. Taken together these results show there are qualitative and quantitative changes in the activation properties of the contractile apparatus of muscle fibres from the vastus lateralis muscle of women with advancing age, and that these changes need to be considered when explaining observed changes in women's mobility with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. George Stephenson
- School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Melbourne, 3086 Australia
| | - Stewart I. Head
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, 2751 Australia ,Chair of Physiology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2751 Australia
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14
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Kalakoutis M, Di Giulio I, Douiri A, Ochala J, Harridge SDR, Woledge RC. Methodological considerations in measuring specific force in human single skinned muscle fibres. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 233:e13719. [PMID: 34286921 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemically skinned fibres allow the study of human muscle contractile function in vitro. A particularly important parameter is specific force (SF), that is, maximal isometric force divided by cross-sectional area, representing contractile quality. Although SF varies substantially between studies, the magnitude and cause of this variability remains puzzling. Here, we aimed to summarize and explore the cause of variability in SF between studies. A systematic search was conducted in Medline, Embase and Web of Science databases in June 2020, yielding 137 data sets from 61 publications which studied healthy, young adults. Five-fold differences in mean SF data were observed. Adjustments to the reported data for key methodological differences allowed between-study comparisons to be made. However, adjustment for fibre shape, swelling and sarcomere length failed to significantly reduce SF variance (I2 = 96%). Interestingly, grouping papers based on shared authorship did reveal consistency within research groups. In addition, lower SF was found to be associated with higher phosphocreatine concentrations in the fibre activating solution and with Triton X-100 being used as a skinning agent. Although the analysis showed variance across the literature, the ratio of SF in single fibres containing myosin heavy chain isoforms IIA or I was found to be consistent across research groups. In conclusion, whilst the skinned fibre technique is reliable for studying in vitro force generation of single fibres, the composition of the solution used to activate fibres, which differs between research groups, is likely to heavily influence SF values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaeljohn Kalakoutis
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Abdel Douiri
- School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences King’s College London London UK
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Stephen D. R. Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
| | - Roger C. Woledge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine King’s College London London UK
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15
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Wilburn D, Ismaeel A, Machek S, Fletcher E, Koutakis P. Shared and distinct mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy: A narrative review. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101463. [PMID: 34534682 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and function is an incredibly nuanced balance of anabolism and catabolism that can become distorted within different pathological conditions. In this paper we intend to discuss the distinct intracellular signaling events that regulate muscle protein atrophy for a given clinical occurrence. Aside from the common outcome of muscle deterioration, several conditions have at least one or more distinct mechanisms that creates unique intracellular environments that facilitate muscle loss. The subtle individuality to each of these given pathologies can provide both researchers and clinicians with specific targets of interest to further identify and increase the efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Wilburn
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Ahmed Ismaeel
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Steven Machek
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Emma Fletcher
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA; Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
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16
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Stroh AM, Lynch CE, Lester BE, Minchev K, Chambers TL, Montenegro CF, Chavez Martinez C, Fountain WA, Trappe TA, Trappe SW. Human adipose and skeletal muscle tissue DNA, RNA, and protein content. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:1370-1379. [PMID: 34435508 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00343.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project was to provide a profile of DNA, RNA, and protein content in adipose tissue, which is relatively understudied in humans, to gain more insight into the amount of tissue that may be required for various analyses. Skeletal muscle tissue was also investigated to provide a direct comparison into potential differences between these two highly metabolically active tissues. Basal adipose and skeletal muscle tissue samples were obtained from 10 (7 M, 3 W) recreationally active participants [25 ± 1 yr; 84 ± 3 kg, maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max): 3.5 ± 0.2 L/min, body fat: 29 ± 2%]. DNA, RNA, and protein were extracted and subsequently analyzed for quantity and quality. DNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 52 ± 14 and 189 ± 44 ng DNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). RNA content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 46 ± 14 and 537 ± 72 ng RNA·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). Protein content of adipose and skeletal muscle tissue was 4 ± 1 and 177 ± 10 µg protein·mg tissue-1, respectively (P < 0.05). In summary, human adipose had 28% of the DNA, 9% of the RNA, and 2% of the protein found in skeletal muscle per mg of tissue. This information should be useful across a wide range of human clinical investigation designs and various laboratory analyses.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This investigation studied DNA, RNA, and protein contents of adipose and skeletal muscle tissues from young active individuals. A series of optimization steps were investigated to aid in determining the optimal approach to extract high-yield and high-quality biomolecules. These findings contribute to the knowledge gap in adipose tissue requirements for molecular biology assays, which is of increasing importance due to the growing interest in adipose tissue research involving human exercise physiology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Stroh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Colleen E Lynch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bridget E Lester
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | | | | | | | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott W Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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17
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Kajuluri LP, Singh K, Morgan KG. Vascular aging, the vascular cytoskeleton and aortic stiffness. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:186-197. [PMID: 34414394 PMCID: PMC8372409 DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular aging, aortic stiffness and hypertension are mechanistically interrelated. The perspective presented here will focus mainly on the molecular mechanisms of age-associated increases in the stiffness of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC). This review will highlight the mechanisms by which the VSMC contributes to disorders of vascular aging. Distinct functional sub-components of the vascular cell and the molecular mechanisms of the protein-protein interactions, signaling mechanisms and intracellular trafficking processes in the setting of the aging aorta will be detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176061, India
| | - Kathleen G Morgan
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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18
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Xu W, Wong G, Hwang YY, Larbi A. The untwining of immunosenescence and aging. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:559-572. [PMID: 33165716 PMCID: PMC7665974 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
From a holistic point of view, aging results from the cumulative erosion of the various systems. Among these, the immune system is interconnected to the rest as immune cells are present in all organs and recirculate through bloodstream. Immunosenescence is the term used to define the remodelling of immune changes during aging. Because immune cells-and particularly lymphocytes-can further differentiate after their maturation in response to pathogen recognition, it is therefore unclear when senescence is induced in these cells. Additionally, it is also unclear which signals triggers senescence in immune cells (i) aging per se, (ii) specific response to pathogens, (iii) underlying conditions, or (iv) inflammaging. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge and concepts linked to immunosenescence and we focus this review on lymphocytes and T cells, which represent the typical model for replicative senescence. With the evidence presented, we propose to disentangle the senescence of immune cells from chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - You Yi Hwang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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19
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Li FH, Sun L, Wu DS, Gao HE, Min Z. Proteomics-based identification of different training adaptations of aged skeletal muscle following long-term high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training in aged rats. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:4159-4182. [PMID: 31241467 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and force increases the risk of falls, impairs mobility, and leads to a reduced quality of life. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) for improving morphological and metabolic adaptations of skeletal muscle in older adults, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Aged female rats underwent HIIT and MICT for 8 months, and their differential impacts on skeletal muscle proteome were investigated. HIIT resulted in a larger improvement in grip strength and fiber cross-sectional area, with similar increases in inclined plane performance and time to exhaustion. Proteomic analysis showed that common training adaptations of both protocols included changes to muscle contraction, focal adhesion signaling, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and regeneration, and anti-oxidation, whereas protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and adipocytokine signaling were specifically altered in the MICT and HIIT groups, respectively. Immunoblotting showed that upregulation of the adiponectin/AMPK signaling pathway may be associated with improvements in autophagy, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in aged skeletal muscle following HIIT. Thus, understanding the molecular differences in training adaptations from these two exercise modalities may aid in combatting sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hui Li
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Sun
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Da-Shuai Wu
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-En Gao
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhu Min
- School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Effects of lifelong exercise on age-related body composition, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and skeletal muscle proteome in rats. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 189:111262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Teigen LE, Sundberg CW, Kelly LJ, Hunter SK, Fitts RH. Ca 2+ dependency of limb muscle fiber contractile mechanics in young and older adults. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1238-C1251. [PMID: 32348175 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00575.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Age-induced declines in skeletal muscle contractile function have been attributed to multiple cellular factors, including lower peak force (Po), decreased Ca2+ sensitivity, and reduced shortening velocity (Vo). However, changes in these cellular properties with aging remain unresolved, especially in older women, and the effect of submaximal Ca2+ on contractile function is unknown. Thus, we compared contractile properties of muscle fibers from 19 young (24 ± 3 yr; 8 women) and 21 older adults (77 ± 7 yr; 7 women) under maximal and submaximal Ca2+ and assessed the abundance of three proteins thought to influence Ca2+ sensitivity. Fast fiber cross-sectional area was ~44% larger in young (6,479 ± 2,487 µm2) compared with older adults (4,503 ± 2,071 µm2, P < 0.001), which corresponded with a greater absolute Po (young = 1.12 ± 0.43 mN; old = 0.79 ± 0.33 mN, P < 0.001). There were no differences in fast fiber size-specific Po, indicating the age-related decline in force was explained by differences in fiber size. Except for fast fiber size and absolute Po, no age or sex differences were observed in Ca2+ sensitivity, rate of force development (ktr), or Vo in either slow or fast fibers. Submaximal Ca2+ depressed ktr and Vo, but the effects were not altered by age in either sex. Contrary to rodent studies, regulatory light chain (RLC) and myosin binding protein-C abundance and RLC phosphorylation were unaltered by age or sex. These data suggest the age-associated reductions in contractile function are primarily due to the atrophy of fast fibers and that caution is warranted when extending results from rodent studies to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Teigen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Christopher W Sundberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren J Kelly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sandra K Hunter
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Robert H Fitts
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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22
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Hernandez Cordero AI, Gonzales NM, Parker CC, Sokolof G, Vandenbergh DJ, Cheng R, Abney M, Sko A, Douglas A, Palmer AA, Gregory JS, Lionikas A. Genome-wide Associations Reveal Human-Mouse Genetic Convergence and Modifiers of Myogenesis, CPNE1 and STC2. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:1222-1236. [PMID: 31761296 PMCID: PMC6904802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle bulk in adult healthy humans is highly variable even after height, age, and sex are accounted for. Low muscle mass, due to fewer and/or smaller constituent muscle fibers, would exacerbate the impact of muscle loss occurring in aging or disease. Genetic variability substantially influences muscle mass differences, but causative genes remain largely unknown. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on appendicular lean mass (ALM) in a population of 85,750 middle-aged (aged 38-49 years) individuals from the UK Biobank (UKB), we found 182 loci associated with ALM (p < 5 × 10-8). We replicated associations for 78% of these loci (p < 5 × 10-8) with ALM in a population of 181,862 elderly (aged 60-74 years) individuals from UKB. We also conducted a GWAS on hindlimb skeletal muscle mass of 1,867 mice from an advanced intercross between two inbred strains (LG/J and SM/J); this GWAS identified 23 quantitative trait loci. Thirty-eight positional candidates distributed across five loci overlapped between the two species. In vitro studies of positional candidates confirmed CPNE1 and STC2 as modifiers of myogenesis. Collectively, these findings shed light on the genetics of muscle mass variability in humans and identify targets for the development of interventions for treatment of muscle loss. The overlapping results between humans and the mouse model GWAS point to shared genetic mechanisms across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Hernandez Cordero
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Natalia M Gonzales
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Clarissa C Parker
- Department of Psychology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, 05753, USA
| | - Greta Sokolof
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - David J Vandenbergh
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State Institute for the Neurosciences, and Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Sciences Program, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Riyan Cheng
- Department of Health Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mark Abney
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Andrew Sko
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jennifer S Gregory
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK AB24 3FX, UK
| | - Arimantas Lionikas
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences, and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK AB24 3FX, UK.
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23
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Gries KJ, Minchev K, Raue U, Grosicki GJ, Begue G, Finch WH, Graham B, Trappe TA, Trappe S. Single-muscle fiber contractile properties in lifelong aerobic exercising women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1710-1719. [PMID: 31670601 PMCID: PMC6962607 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00459.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of lifelong aerobic exercise on single-muscle fiber performance in trained women (LLE; n = 7, 72 ± 2 yr) by comparing them to old healthy nonexercisers (OH; n = 10, 75 ± 1 yr) and young exercisers (YE; n = 10, 25 ± 1 yr). On average, LLE had exercised ~5 days/wk for ~7 h/wk over the past 48 ± 2 yr. Each subject had a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy to examine myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and IIa single-muscle fiber size and function (strength, speed, power). MHC I fiber size was similar across all three cohorts (YE = 5,178 ± 157, LLE = 4,983 ± 184, OH = 4,902 ± 159 µm2). MHC IIa fiber size decreased (P < 0.05) 36% with aging (YE = 4,719 ± 164 vs. OH = 3,031 ± 153 µm2), with LLE showing a similar 31% reduction (3,253 ± 189 µm2). LLE had 17% more powerful (P < 0.05) MHC I fibers and offset the 18% decline in MHC IIa fiber power observed with aging (P < 0.05). The LLE contractile power was driven by greater strength (+11%, P = 0.056) in MHC I fibers and elevated contractile speed (+12%, P < 0.05) in MHC IIa fibers. These data indicate that lifelong exercise did not benefit MHC I or IIa muscle fiber size. However, LLE had contractile function adaptations that enhanced MHC I fiber power and preserved MHC IIa fiber power through different contractile mechanisms (strength vs. speed). The single-muscle fiber contractile properties observed with lifelong aerobic exercise are unique and provide new insights into aging skeletal muscle plasticity in women at the myocellular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first investigation to examine the effects of lifelong exercise on single-muscle fiber physiology in women. Nearly 50 yr of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise training resulted in enhanced slow-twitch fiber power primarily by increasing force production, whereas fast-twitch fiber power was preserved primarily by increasing contractile speed. These unique muscle fiber power profiles helped offset the effects of fast-twitch fiber atrophy and highlight the benefits of lifelong aerobic exercise for myocellular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | | | - Gwénaëlle Begue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - W Holmes Finch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Bruce Graham
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
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24
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Kadoguchi T, Shimada K, Miyazaki T, Kitamura K, Kunimoto M, Aikawa T, Sugita Y, Ouchi S, Shiozawa T, Yokoyama‐Nishitani M, Fukao K, Miyosawa K, Isoda K, Daida H. Promotion of oxidative stress is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and muscle atrophy in aging mice. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 20:78-84. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyasu Kadoguchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Sportology CenterJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Sportology CenterJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuro Miyazaki
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kenichi Kitamura
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Kunimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tatsuro Aikawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yurina Sugita
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Shohei Ouchi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Miho Yokoyama‐Nishitani
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kosuke Fukao
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo University Chiba Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Miyosawa
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kikuo Isoda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Sportology CenterJuntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Faculty of Health ScienceJuntendo University Tokyo Japan
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25
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Ubaida-Mohien C, Lyashkov A, Gonzalez-Freire M, Tharakan R, Shardell M, Moaddel R, Semba RD, Chia CW, Gorospe M, Sen R, Ferrucci L. Discovery proteomics in aging human skeletal muscle finds change in spliceosome, immunity, proteostasis and mitochondria. eLife 2019; 8:49874. [PMID: 31642809 PMCID: PMC6810669 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline of skeletal muscle strength with aging is a primary cause of mobility loss and frailty in older persons, but the molecular mechanisms of such decline are not understood. Here, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis from skeletal muscle collected from 58 healthy persons aged 20 to 87 years. In muscle from older persons, ribosomal proteins and proteins related to energetic metabolism, including those related to the TCA cycle, mitochondria respiration, and glycolysis, were underrepresented, while proteins implicated in innate and adaptive immunity, proteostasis, and alternative splicing were overrepresented. Consistent with reports in animal models, older human muscle was characterized by deranged energetic metabolism, a pro-inflammatory environment and increased proteolysis. Changes in alternative splicing with aging were confirmed by RNA-seq analysis. We propose that changes in the splicing machinery enables muscle cells to respond to a rise in damage with aging. As humans age, their muscles become weaker, making it increasingly harder for them to move, a condition known as sarcopenia. Analyzing old muscles in other animals revealed that they produce energy inefficiently, they destroy more proteins than younger muscles, and they have high levels of molecules that cause inflammation. These characteristics may be involved in causing muscle weakness. Proteomics is the study of proteins, the molecules that play many roles in keeping the body working: for example, they accelerate chemical reactions, participate in copying DNA and help cells respond to stimuli. Using proteomics, it is possible to examine a large number of the different proteins in a tissue, which can provide information about the state of that tissue. Ubaida-Mohien et al. used this approach to answer the question of why muscles become weaker with age. First, they analyzed the levels of all the proteins found in skeletal muscle collected from 58 healthy volunteers between 20 and 87 years of age. This revealed that the muscles of older people have fewer copies of the proteins that make up ribosomes – the cellular machines that produce new proteins – and fewer proteins involved in providing the cell with chemical energy. In contrast, proteins implicated in the immune system, in the maintenance of existing proteins, and in processing other molecules called RNAs were more abundant in older muscles. Ubaida-Mohien et al. then looked more closely at changes involving RNA processing. Cells make proteins by copying DNA sequences into an RNA template and using this template to instruct the ribosomes on how to make the specific protein. Before the RNA can be ‘read’ by a ribosome, however, some parts must be cut out and others added, which can lead to different versions of the final RNA, also known as alternative transcripts. In order to check whether the difference in the levels of proteins that process RNAs was affecting the RNAs being produced, Ubaida-Mohien et al. extracted the RNAs from older and younger muscles and compared them. This showed that the RNA in older people had more alternative transcripts, confirming that the change in protein levels was having downstream effects. Currently, it is not possible to prevent or delay the loss of muscle strength associated with aging. Understanding how the protein make-up of muscles changes as humans grow older may help find new ways to prevent and perhaps even reverse this decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceereena Ubaida-Mohien
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Alexey Lyashkov
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Marta Gonzalez-Freire
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ravi Tharakan
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michelle Shardell
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | | | - Chee W Chia
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States
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26
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de Lemos Muller CH, de Matos JR, Grigolo GB, Schroeder HT, Rodrigues-Krause J, Krause M. Exercise Training for the Elderly: Inflammaging and the Central Role for HSP70. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42978-019-0015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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27
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Friedrich O, Haug M, Reischl B, Prölß G, Kiriaev L, Head SI, Reid MB. Single muscle fibre biomechanics and biomechatronics - The challenges, the pitfalls and the future. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 114:105563. [PMID: 31255723 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Interest in muscle biomechanics is growing with availabilities of patient biopsies and animal models related to muscle diseases, muscle wasting (sarcopenia, cachexia), exercise and drug effects. However, development of technologies or facilitated systems required to measure biomechanical and contractile properties of single fibres has not kept pace with this demand. Most studies use manual mechatronics systems that have not changed in decades and are confined to a few labs worldwide. Available commercial systems are expensive and limited in versatility, throughput and user-friendliness. We review major standard systems available from research labs and commercial sources, and benchmark those to our recently developed automated MyoRobot biomechatronics platform that provides versatility to cover multiple organ scales, is flexible in programming for active/passive muscle biomechanics using custom-made graphics user interfaces, employs on-the-fly data analyses and does not rely on external research microscopes. With higher throughput, this system blends Industry 4.0 automation principles into myology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany; School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (USNW), Wallace Wurth Building, 2052 NSW, Sydney Australia; Muscle Research Centre Erlangen (MURCE), Henkestr. 91, 91052 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Haug
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - B Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - G Prölß
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leon Kiriaev
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (USNW), Wallace Wurth Building, 2052 NSW, Sydney Australia
| | - Stewart I Head
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales (USNW), Wallace Wurth Building, 2052 NSW, Sydney Australia; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown Campus, Western Sydney, 2751 NSW, Australia
| | - Michael B Reid
- College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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28
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Mumford PW, Romero MA, Osburn SC, Roberson PA, Vann CG, Mobley CB, Brown MD, Kavazis AN, Young KC, Roberts MD. Skeletal muscle LINE-1 retrotransposon activity is upregulated in older versus younger rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 317:R397-R406. [PMID: 31188650 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00110.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1) is a retrotransposon capable of replicating and inserting LINE-1 copies into the genome. Others have reported skeletal muscle LINE-1 markers are higher in older versus younger mice, but data are lacking in other species. Herein, gastrocnemius muscle from male Fischer 344 rats that were 3, 12, and 24 mo old (n = 9 per group) were analyzed for LINE-1 mRNA, DNA, promoter methylation and DNA accessibility. qPCR primers were designed for active (L1.3) and inactive (L1.Tot) LINE-1 elements as well as part of the ORF1 sequence. L1.3, L1.Tot, and ORF1 mRNAs were higher (P < 0.05) in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats. L1.3 DNA was higher in the 24-mo-old rats versus other groups, and ORF1 DNA was greater in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats. ORF1 protein was higher in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats. RNA-sequencing indicated mRNAs related to DNA methylation (Tet1) and histone acetylation (Hdac2) were lower in 24 versus 3-mo-old rats. L1.3 DNA accessibility was higher in 24-mo-old versus 3-mo-old rats. No age-related differences in nuclear histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity existed, although nuclear DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity was lower in 12/24 versus 3-mo-old rats (P < 0.05). In summary, markers of skeletal muscle LINE-1 activity increase across the age spectrum of rats, and this may be related to deficits in DNMT activity and/or increased LINE-1 DNA accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christopher B Mobley
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Andreas N Kavazis
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Kaelin C Young
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Michael D Roberts
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.,Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn, Alabama
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29
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Sieljacks P, Wang J, Groennebaek T, Rindom E, Jakobsgaard JE, Herskind J, Gravholt A, Møller AB, Musci RV, de Paoli FV, Hamilton KL, Miller BF, Vissing K. Six Weeks of Low-Load Blood Flow Restricted and High-Load Resistance Exercise Training Produce Similar Increases in Cumulative Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis and Ribosomal Biogenesis in Healthy Males. Front Physiol 2019; 10:649. [PMID: 31191347 PMCID: PMC6548815 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: High-load resistance exercise contributes to maintenance of muscle mass, muscle protein quality, and contractile function by stimulation of muscle protein synthesis (MPS), hypertrophy, and strength gains. However, high loading may not be feasible in several clinical populations. Low-load blood flow restricted resistance exercise (BFRRE) may provide an alternative approach. However, the long-term protein synthetic response to BFRRE is unknown and the myocellular adaptations to prolonged BFRRE are not well described. Methods: To investigate this, 34 healthy young subjects were randomized to 6 weeks of low-load BFRRE, HLRE, or non-exercise control (CON). Deuterium oxide (D2O) was orally administered throughout the intervention period. Muscle biopsies from m. vastus lateralis were collected before and after the 6-week intervention period to assess long-term myofibrillar MPS and RNA synthesis as well as muscle fiber-type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA), satellite cell content, and myonuclei content. Muscle biopsies were also collected in the immediate hours following single-bout exercise to assess signaling for muscle protein degradation. Isometric and dynamic quadriceps muscle strength was evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: Myofibrillar MPS was higher in BFRRE (1.34%/day, p < 0.01) and HLRE (1.12%/day, p < 0.05) compared to CON (0.96%/day) with no significant differences between exercise groups. Muscle RNA synthesis was higher in BFRRE (0.65%/day, p < 0.001) and HLRE (0.55%/day, p < 0.01) compared to CON (0.38%/day) and both training groups increased RNA content, indicating ribosomal biogenesis in response to exercise. BFRRE and HLRE both activated muscle degradation signaling. Muscle strength increased 6-10% in BFRRE (p < 0.05) and 13-23% in HLRE (p < 0.01). Dynamic muscle strength increased to a greater extent in HLRE (p < 0.05). No changes in type I and type II muscle fiber-type-specific CSA, satellite cell content, or myonuclei content were observed. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that BFRRE increases long-term muscle protein turnover, ribosomal biogenesis, and muscle strength to a similar degree as HLRE. These findings emphasize the potential application of low-load BFRRE to stimulate muscle protein turnover and increase muscle function in clinical populations where high loading is untenable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Sieljacks
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Wang
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Groennebaek
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Emil Rindom
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jon Herskind
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Gravholt
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas B. Møller
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Robert V. Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | | | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kristian Vissing
- Section for Sports Science, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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30
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Larsson L, Degens H, Li M, Salviati L, Lee YI, Thompson W, Kirkland JL, Sandri M. Sarcopenia: Aging-Related Loss of Muscle Mass and Function. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:427-511. [PMID: 30427277 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 719] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a loss of muscle mass and function in the elderly that reduces mobility, diminishes quality of life, and can lead to fall-related injuries, which require costly hospitalization and extended rehabilitation. This review focuses on the aging-related structural changes and mechanisms at cellular and subcellular levels underlying changes in the individual motor unit: specifically, the perikaryon of the α-motoneuron, its neuromuscular junction(s), and the muscle fibers that it innervates. Loss of muscle mass with aging, which is largely due to the progressive loss of motoneurons, is associated with reduced muscle fiber number and size. Muscle function progressively declines because motoneuron loss is not adequately compensated by reinnervation of muscle fibers by the remaining motoneurons. At the intracellular level, key factors are qualitative changes in posttranslational modifications of muscle proteins and the loss of coordinated control between contractile, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic reticulum protein expression. Quantitative and qualitative changes in skeletal muscle during the process of aging also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acquired and hereditary neuromuscular disorders. In experimental models, specific intervention strategies have shown encouraging results on limiting deterioration of motor unit structure and function under conditions of impaired innervation. Translated to the clinic, if these or similar interventions, by saving muscle and improving mobility, could help alleviate sarcopenia in the elderly, there would be both great humanitarian benefits and large cost savings for health care systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Hans Degens
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Meishan Li
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Young Il Lee
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Wesley Thompson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - James L Kirkland
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic and Clinical Muscle Biology Group, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Section of Clinical Neurophysiology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden ; Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania ; School of Healthcare Science, Metropolitan University , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University , Kaunas , Lithuania ; Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova , Padova , Italy ; IRP Città della Speranza, Padova , Italy ; Department of Biology, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas ; Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic , Rochester, Minnesota ; Department of Biomedical Science, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova , Italy
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31
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Gorini G, Gamberi T, Fiaschi T, Mannelli M, Modesti A, Magherini F. Irreversible plasma and muscle protein oxidation and physical exercise. Free Radic Res 2018; 53:126-138. [PMID: 30513020 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1542141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species production and their handling by the antioxidant machinery (low molecular weight antioxidant molecules and antioxidant enzymes), also known as oxidative stress, is a condition caused by physiological and pathological processes. Moreover, oxidative stress may be due to an overproduction of free radicals during physical exercise. Excess of radical species leads to the modification of molecules, such as proteins - the most susceptible to oxidative modification - lipids and DNA. With regard to the oxidation of proteins, carbonylation is an oxidative modification that has been widely described. Several studies have detected changes in the total amount of protein carbonyls following different types of physical exercise, but only few of these identified the specific amino acidic residues targets of such oxidation. In this respect, proteomic approaches allow to identify the proteins susceptible to carbonylation and in many cases, it is also possible to identify the specific protein carbonylation sites. This review focuses on the role of protein oxidation, and specifically carbonyl formation, for plasma and skeletal muscle proteins, following different types of physical exercise performed at different intensities. Furthermore, we focused on the proteomic strategies used to identify the specific protein targets of carbonylation. Overall, our analysis suggests that regular physical activity promotes a protection against protein carbonylation, due to the activation of the antioxidant defence or of the turnover of protein carbonyls. However, we can conclude that from the comprehensive bibliography analysed, there is no clearly defined specific physiological role about this post-translational modification of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gorini
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Tania Fiaschi
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Alessandra Modesti
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Francesca Magherini
- a Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
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Fritsch CG, Dornelles MP, Teodoro JL, da Silva LXN, Vaz MA, Pinto RS, Cadore EL, Baroni BM. Effects of photobiomodulation therapy associated with resistance training in elderly men: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:279-289. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rittweger J, Albracht K, Flück M, Ruoss S, Brocca L, Longa E, Moriggi M, Seynnes O, Di Giulio I, Tenori L, Vignoli A, Capri M, Gelfi C, Luchinat C, Francheschi C, Bottinelli R, Cerretelli P, Narici M. Sarcolab pilot study into skeletal muscle's adaptation to long-term spaceflight. NPJ Microgravity 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30246141 PMCID: PMC6141586 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-018-0052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight causes muscle wasting. The Sarcolab pilot study investigated two astronauts with regards to plantar flexor muscle size, architecture, and function, and to the underlying molecular adaptations in order to further the understanding of muscular responses to spaceflight and exercise countermeasures. Two crew members (A and B) spent 6 months in space. Crew member A trained less vigorously than B. Postflight, A showed substantial decrements in plantar flexor volume, muscle architecture, in strength and in fiber contractility, which was strongly mitigated in B. The difference between these crew members closely reflected FAK-Y397 abundance, a molecular marker of muscle's loading history. Moreover, crew member A showed downregulation of contractile proteins and enzymes of anaerobic metabolism, as well as of systemic markers of energy and protein metabolism. However, both crew members exhibited decrements in muscular aerobic metabolism and phosphate high energy transfer. We conclude that countermeasures can be effective, particularly when resistive forces are of sufficient magnitude. However, to fully prevent space-related muscular deterioration, intersubject variability must be understood, and intensive exercise countermeasures programs seem mandatory. Finally, proteomic and metabolomic analyses suggest that exercise benefits in space may go beyond mere maintenance of muscle mass, but rather extend to the level of organismic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Rittweger
- 1Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.,2Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kirsten Albracht
- 3Faculty of Medical Engineering and Technomathematics, FH Aachen University of Applied Science Aachen, Aachen, Germany.,4Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Flück
- 5Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Severin Ruoss
- 5Department of Orthopaedics, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenza Brocca
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Longa
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Olivier Seynnes
- 8Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Di Giulio
- 9Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo Tenori
- 10Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Vignoli
- CERM Centro di Ricerca di Risonanze Magnetiche, Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- 12Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Gelfi
- 13Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Francheschi
- 12Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberto Bottinelli
- 6Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,14Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri (IRCSS), Scientific Institute of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Narici
- 15Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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McPhee JS, Cameron J, Maden-Wilkinson T, Piasecki M, Yap MH, Jones DA, Degens H. The Contributions of Fiber Atrophy, Fiber Loss, In Situ Specific Force, and Voluntary Activation to Weakness in Sarcopenia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:1287-1294. [PMID: 29529132 PMCID: PMC6132117 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The contributions of fiber atrophy, fiber loss, in situ specific force, and voluntary activation to weakness in sarcopenia remain unclear. To investigate, 40 older (20 women; age 72 ± 4 years) and 31 younger adults (15 women, age 22 ± 3 years) completed measurements. The knee extensor maximal voluntary torque (MVC) was measured as well as voluntary activation, patella tendon moment arm length, muscle volume, and fascicle architecture to estimate in situ specific force. Fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA), fiber numbers, and connective tissue contents were also estimated from vastus lateralis biopsies. The MVC, quadriceps volume, and specific force were 39%, 28%, and 17% lower, respectively, in old compared with young, but voluntary activation was not different. The difference in muscle size was due in almost equal proportions to lower type II FCSA and fewer fibers. Five years later (n = 23) the MVC, muscle volume and voluntary activation in old decreased an additional 12%, 6%, and 4%, respectively, but there was no further change in specific force. In situ specific force declines relatively early in older age and reduced voluntary activation occurs later, but the overall weakness in sarcopenia is mainly related to loss of both type I and II fibers and type II fiber atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie S McPhee
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - James Cameron
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | | | - Mathew Piasecki
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Moi Hoon Yap
- School of Mathematics, Computing and Digital Technology, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - David A Jones
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Hans Degens
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovations, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas
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Effect of ageing on the myosin heavy chain composition of the human sternocleidomastoid muscle. Ann Anat 2018; 216:95-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Nielsen KB, Lal NN, Sheard PW. Age-related remodelling of the myotendinous junction in the mouse soleus muscle. Exp Gerontol 2018; 104:52-59. [PMID: 29421351 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The age-related loss of muscle mass and function predominantly affect muscles of the lower limbs and have largely been associated with decline in muscle fibre size and number, although the exact mechanisms underlying these losses are poorly understood. In addition, consistent reports that the loss of muscle strength exceeds that which can be explained by declines in muscle mass has widened the search for causes of sarcopenia to include supporting tissues such as the extracellular matrix and tendons. Although the changes to both muscle and tendon with age are well characterised, little work has focused on the interface between these two tissues, the myotendinous junction (MTJ). Given the crucial role for this structure in force transfer between muscle and tendon, we asked whether the myotendinous junction underwent structural changes with age in lower limb muscle. We used whole muscle to assess gross muscle and tendon morphology, and immunohistochemistry to determine fibre and MTJ profile number in young (6 months), middle aged (18 months) and elderly (24 months) C57BL/6 female mice. MTJ length was quantified using serial cross sections of the soleus muscle. We found an apparent 3.5-fold increase in MTJ profiles per cross section with no increase in fibre number in old mice, and found this to be a result of a doubling in length of the MTJ region with age. This coincided with an increase in proximal tendon length (31%), as well as an increase in collagen deposition between 6 and 24-months of age consistent with an expansion of the fibre termination area. These findings uncover a previously undescribed effect of ageing on the MTJ and open up new lines of investigation into the role of this structure in the age-related loss of muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Navneet N Lal
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, New Zealand
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Lee JH, Boland-Freitas R, Ng K. Sarcolemmal excitability changes in normal human aging. Muscle Nerve 2018; 57:981-988. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James H.F. Lee
- Department of Neurology; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards New South Wales 2065 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Robert Boland-Freitas
- Department of Neurology; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards New South Wales 2065 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Karl Ng
- Department of Neurology; Royal North Shore Hospital; St Leonards New South Wales 2065 Australia
- Faculty of Medicine; University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Ferlin A, De Toni L, Agoulnik AI, Lunardon G, Armani A, Bortolanza S, Blaauw B, Sandri M, Foresta C. Protective Role of Testicular Hormone INSL3 From Atrophy and Weakness in Skeletal Muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:562. [PMID: 30323788 PMCID: PMC6172310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgens are primarily involved in muscle growth, whilst disease-driven muscle wasting is frequently associated with hypogonadism. The Leydig cells of the testes also produce the peptide-hormone Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3). INSL3 displays anabolic activity on bone, a target tissue of androgens, and its plasma concentrations are diminished in male hypogonadism. Here we tested the role of INSL3 on muscle mass regulation, in physiological and pathological conditions. Studies on C2C12 cell line showed that INSL3, acting on his specific receptor RXFP2, promotes skeletal muscle protein synthesis through the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway. Next, studies on Rxfp2 -/- mice showed that INSL3 is required to prevent excessive muscle loss after denervation. Mechanistically, denervated Rxfp2 -/- mice lacked the compensatory activation of the Akt/mTOR/S6 pathway and showed an abnormal ubiquitin-proteasome system activation. Lack of INSL3 activity resulted also in reduced contractile force. These findings underlie a role of INSL3/RXFP2 in protein turnover, contributing to muscle wasting in male hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferlin
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca De Toni
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alexander I. Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Andrea Armani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sergia Bortolanza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Sandri
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Carlo Foresta
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Schneidereit D, Nübler S, Prölß G, Reischl B, Schürmann S, Müller OJ, Friedrich O. Optical prediction of single muscle fiber force production using a combined biomechatronics and second harmonic generation imaging approach. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:79. [PMID: 30374401 PMCID: PMC6199289 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an archetypal organ whose structure is tuned to match function. The magnitude of order in muscle fibers and myofibrils containing motor protein polymers determines the directed force output of the summed force vectors and, therefore, the muscle's power performance on the structural level. Structure and function can change dramatically during disease states involving chronic remodeling. Cellular remodeling of the cytoarchitecture has been pursued using noninvasive and label-free multiphoton second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy. Hereby, structure parameters can be extracted as a measure of myofibrillar order and thus are suggestive of the force output that a remodeled structure can still achieve. However, to date, the parameters have only been an indirect measure, and a precise calibration of optical SHG assessment for an exerted force has been elusive as no technology in existence correlates these factors. We engineered a novel, automated, high-precision biomechatronics system into a multiphoton microscope allows simultaneous isometric Ca2+-graded force or passive viscoelasticity measurements and SHG recordings. Using this MechaMorph system, we studied force and SHG in single EDL muscle fibers from wt and mdx mice; the latter serves as a model for compromised force and abnormal myofibrillar structure. We present Ca2+-graded isometric force, pCa-force curves, passive viscoelastic parameters and 3D structure in the same fiber for the first time. Furthermore, we provide a direct calibration of isometric force to morphology, which allows noninvasive prediction of the force output of single fibers from only multiphoton images, suggesting a potential application in the diagnosis of myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schneidereit
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Nübler
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Prölß
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schürmann
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research) Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Paul-Gordan-Str. 7, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
- Muscle Research Center Erlangen (MURCE), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Musci RV, Hamilton KL, Miller BF. Targeting mitochondrial function and proteostasis to mitigate dynapenia. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:1-9. [PMID: 28986697 PMCID: PMC5756099 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, interventions to treat skeletal muscle aging have largely targeted sarcopenia-the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Dynapenia refers to the age-related loss in skeletal muscle function due to factors outside of muscle mass, which helps to inform treatment strategies for aging skeletal muscle. There is evidence that mechanisms to maintain protein homeostasis and proteostasis, deteriorate with age. One key mechanism to maintain proteostasis is protein turnover, which is an energetically costly process. When there is a mismatch between cellular energy demands and energy provision, inelastic processes related to metabolism are maintained, but there is competition for the remaining energy between the elastic processes of somatic maintenance and growth. With aging, mitochondrial dysfunction reduces ATP generation capacity, constraining the instantaneous supply of energy, thus compromising growth and somatic maintenance processes. Further, with age the need for somatic maintenance increases because of the accumulation of protein damage. In this review, we highlight the significant role mitochondria have in maintaining skeletal muscle proteostasis through increased energy provision, protein turnover, and substrate flux. In addition, we provide evidence that improving mitochondrial function could promote a cellular environment that is conducive to somatic maintenance, and consequently for mitigating dynapenia. Finally, we highlight interventions, such as aerobic exercise, that could be used to improve mitochondrial function and improve outcomes related to dynapenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V Musci
- Translational Research on Aging and Chronic Disease Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA
| | - Karyn L Hamilton
- Translational Research on Aging and Chronic Disease Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Translational Research on Aging and Chronic Disease Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Frontera
- Department of Physical Medicine, Rehabilitation, and Sports Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, PO Box 365067, San Juan, PR, 00936-5067, USA
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