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Sharma B, Twelker K, Nguyen C, Ellis S, Bhatia ND, Kuschner Z, Agriantonis A, Agriantonis G, Arnold M, Dave J, Mestre J, Shafaee Z, Arora S, Ghanta H, Whittington J. Bile Acids in Pancreatic Carcinogenesis. Metabolites 2024; 14:348. [PMID: 39057671 PMCID: PMC11278541 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a dangerous digestive tract tumor that is becoming increasingly common and fatal. The most common form of PC is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Bile acids (BAs) are closely linked to the growth and progression of PC. They can change the intestinal flora, increasing intestinal permeability and allowing gut microbes to enter the bloodstream, leading to chronic inflammation. High dietary lipids can increase BA secretion into the duodenum and fecal BA levels. BAs can cause genetic mutations, mitochondrial dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular trypsin, cytoskeletal damage, activation of NF-κB, acute pancreatitis, cell injury, and cell necrosis. They can act on different types of pancreatic cells and receptors, altering Ca2+ and iron levels, and related signals. Elevated levels of Ca2+ and iron are associated with cell necrosis and ferroptosis. Bile reflux into the pancreatic ducts can speed up the kinetics of epithelial cells, promoting the development of pancreatic intraductal papillary carcinoma. BAs can cause the enormous secretion of Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), leading to the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells. Using Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) increases the risk of pancreatitis and PC. Therefore, our objective was to explore various studies and thoroughly examine the role of BAs in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sharma
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Kate Twelker
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Cecilia Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Scott Ellis
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Navin D. Bhatia
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Zachary Kuschner
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Andrew Agriantonis
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - George Agriantonis
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Monique Arnold
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Jasmine Dave
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Juan Mestre
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Zahra Shafaee
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Shalini Arora
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Hima Ghanta
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Jennifer Whittington
- Department of Surgery, NYC Health + Hospitals/Elmhurst, New York, NY 11373, USA; (K.T.); (C.N.); (S.E.); (N.D.B.); (Z.K.); (G.A.); (J.D.); (J.M.); (Z.S.); (S.A.); (H.G.); (J.W.)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; (A.A.); (M.A.)
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2
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Isogai M. Pathophysiology of severe gallstone pancreatitis: A new paradigm. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:614-623. [PMID: 38515949 PMCID: PMC10950616 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i7.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe gallstone pancreatitis (GSP) refractory to maximum conservative therapy has wide clinical variations, and its pathophysiology remains controversial. This Editorial aimed to investigate the pathophysiology of severe disease based on Opie’s theories of obstruction, the common channel, and duodenal reflux and describe its types. Severe GSP might be a hybrid disease with pathology polarized between acute cholangitis with mild pancreatitis (biliary type) and necrotizing pancreatitis uncomplicated with biliary tract disease (pancreatic type), in which hepatobiliary and pancreatic lesion severity is inversely related to the presence or absence of impacted ampullary stones. Severe GSP is caused by stones that are persistently impacted at the ampulla with biliopancreatic obstruction (biliary type), and probably, stones that are either temporarily lodged at the duodenal orifice or passed into the duodenum, thereby permitting reflux of bile or possible duodenal contents into the pancreas (pancreas type). When the status of the stones and the presence or absence of impacted ampullary stones with biliopancreatic obstruction are determined, the clinical course and outcome can be predicted. Gallstones represent the main cause of acute pancreatitis globally, and clinicians are expected to encounter GSP more often. Awareness of the etiology and pathogenesis of severe disease is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Isogai
- Clinic IB, Ibi 501-0614, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Nawa Hospital, Ogaki 503-0893, Gifu, Japan
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3
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Zi Z, Rao Y. Discoveries of GPR39 as an evolutionarily conserved receptor for bile acids and of its involvement in biliary acute pancreatitis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj0146. [PMID: 38306436 PMCID: PMC10836733 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. Bile acids (BAs) were proposed to be a cause of AP nearly 170 years ago, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we report that two G protein-coupled receptors, GPR39 and GHSR, mediated cellular responses to BAs. Our results revealed GPR39 as an evolutionarily conserved receptor for BAs, particularly 3-O-sulfated lithocholic acids. In cultured cell lines, GPR39 is sufficient for BA-induced Ca2+ elevation. In pancreatic acinar cells, GPR39 mediated BA-induced Ca2+ elevation and necrosis. Furthermore, AP induced by BAs was significantly reduced in GPR39 knockout mice. Our findings provide in vitro and in vivo evidence demonstrating that GPR39 is necessary and sufficient to mediate BA signaling, highlighting its involvement in biliary AP pathogenesis, and suggesting it as a promising therapeutic target for biliary AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Zi
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing (CIMR, Beijing) and the State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Rao
- Chinese Institutes for Medical Research, Beijing (CIMR, Beijing) and the State Key Laboratory of Digestive Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, School of Life Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Chinese Institute of Brain Research Beijing and Research Unit of Medical Neurobiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
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Famili DT, Mistry A, Gerasimenko O, Gerasimenko J, Tribe RM, Kyrana E, Dhawan A, Goldberg MF, Voermans N, Willis T, Jungbluth H. Pancreatitis in RYR1-related disorders. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:769-775. [PMID: 37783627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in RYR1 encoding the ryanodine receptor (RyR) skeletal muscle isoform (RyR1) are a common cause of inherited neuromuscular disorders. Despite its expression in a wide range of tissues, non-skeletal muscle manifestations associated with RYR1 mutations have only been rarely reported. Here, we report three patients with a diagnosis of Central Core Disease (CCD), King-Denborough Syndrome (KDS) and Malignant Hyperthermia Susceptibility (MHS), respectively, who in addition to their (putative) RYR1-related disorder also developed symptoms and signs of acute pancreatitis. In two patients, episodes were recurrent, with severe multisystem involvement and sequelae. RyR1-mediated calcium signalling plays an important role in normal pancreatic function but has also been critically implicated in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis, particularly in bile acid- and ethanol-induced forms. Findings from relevant animal models indicate that pancreatic damage in these conditions may be ameliorated through administration of the specific RyR1 antagonist dantrolene and other compounds modifying pancreatic metabolism including calcium signalling. These observations suggest that patients with RYR1 gain-of-function variants may be at increased risk of developing acute pancreatitis, a condition which should therefore be considered in the health surveillance of such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis T Famili
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arti Mistry
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oleg Gerasimenko
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rachel M Tribe
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eirini Kyrana
- Department of Paediatric Hepatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anil Dhawan
- Department of Paediatric Hepatology, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicol Voermans
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tracey Willis
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Jungbluth
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Neuromuscular Service, Evelina's Children Hospital, Guy's & St. Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Muscle Signalling Section, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine (FoLSM), King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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5
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Malhotra P, Palanisamy R, Caparros-Martin JA, Falasca M. Bile Acids and Microbiota Interplay in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3573. [PMID: 37509236 PMCID: PMC10377396 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests the involvement of the microbiota, including oral, intra-tumoral and gut, in pancreatic cancer progression and response to therapy. The gut microbiota modulates the bile acid pool and is associated with maintaining host physiology. Studies have shown that the bile acid/gut microbiota axis is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer. Bile acid receptor expression and bile acid levels are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer as well. Studies have also shown that bile acids can cause pancreatic cell injury and facilitate cancer cell proliferation. The microbiota and its metabolites, including bile acids, are also altered in other conditions considered risk factors for pancreatic cancer development and can alter responses to chemotherapeutic treatments, thus affecting patient outcomes. Altogether, these findings suggest that the gut microbial and/or bile acid profiles could also serve as biomarkers for pancreatic cancer detection. This review will discuss the current knowledge on the interaction between gut microbiota interaction and bile acid metabolism in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Malhotra
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Ranjith Palanisamy
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | | | - Marco Falasca
- Metabolic Signalling Group, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV. The role of Ca 2+ signalling in the pathology of exocrine pancreas. Cell Calcium 2023; 112:102740. [PMID: 37058923 PMCID: PMC10840512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine pancreas has been the field of many successful studies in pancreatic physiology and pathology. However, related disease - acute pancreatitis (AP) is still takes it toll with more than 100,000 related deaths worldwide per year. In spite of significant scientific progress and several human trials currently running for AP, there is still no specific treatment in the clinic. Studies of the mechanism of initiation of AP have identified two crucial conditions: sustained elevations of cytoplasmic calcium concentration (Ca2+ plateau) and significantly reduced intracellular energy (ATP depletion). These hallmarks are interdependent, i.e., Ca2+ plateau increase energy demand for its clearance while energy production is greatly affected by the pathology. Result of long standing Ca2+ plateau is destabilisation of the secretory granules and premature activation of the digestive enzymes leading to necrotic cell death. Main attempts so far to break the vicious circle of cell death have been concentrated on reduction of Ca2+ overload or reduction of ATP depletion. This review will summarise these approaches, including recent developments of potential therapies for AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom.
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, Wales, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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Huang QY, Zhang R, Zhang QY, Dai C, Yu XY, Yuan L, Liu YY, Shen Y, Huang KL, Lin ZH. Disulfiram reduces the severity of mouse acute pancreatitis by inhibiting RIPK1-dependent acinar cell necrosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106382. [PMID: 36716580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a frequent abdominal inflammatory disease. Despite the high morbidity and mortality, the management of AP remains unsatisfactory. Disulfiram (DSF) is an FDA-proved drug with potential therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of DSF on pancreatic acinar cell necrosis, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Cell necrosis was induced by sodium taurocholate or caerulein, AP mice model was induced by nine hourly injections of caerulein. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation were used to explore the potential targets of DSF in protecting against cell necrosis. The results indicated that DSF significantly inhibited acinar cell necrosis as evidenced by a decreased ratio of necrotic cells in the pancreas. Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation identified RIPK1 as a potent target of DSF in protecting against acinar cell necrosis. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that DSF decreased the mRNA levels of RIPK1 in freshly isolated pancreatic acinar cells and the pancreas of AP mice. Western blot showed that DSF treatment decreased the expressions of RIPK1 and MLKL proteins. Moreover, DSF inhibited NF-κB activation in acini. It also decreased the protein expression of TLR4 and the formation of neutrophils extracellular traps (NETs) induced by damage-associated molecular patterns released by necrotic acinar cells. Collectively, DSF could ameliorate the severity of mouse acute pancreatitis by inhibiting RIPK-dependent acinar cell necrosis and the following formation of NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yang Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 550002 Guiyang, China
| | - Qing-Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Dai
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China
| | - Xiu-Yan Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Shen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China.
| | - Kui-Long Huang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, 400054 Chongqing, China.
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8
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Harada K, Takashima M, Kitaguchi T, Tsuboi T. F-actin determines the time-dependent shift in docking dynamics of glucagon-like peptide-1 granules upon stimulation of secretion. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:657-671. [PMID: 36694275 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Although exocytosis can be categorized into several forms based on docking dynamics, temporal regulatory mechanisms of the exocytotic forms are unclear. We explored the dynamics of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exocytosis in murine GLUTag cells (GLP-1-secreting enteroendocrine L-cells) upon stimulation with deoxycholic acid (DCA) or high K+ to elucidate the mechanisms regulating the balance between the different types of exocytotic forms (pre-docked with the plasma membrane before stimulation; docked after stimulation and subsequently fused; or rapidly recruited and fused after stimulation, without stable docking). GLP-1 exocytosis showed a biphasic pattern, and we found that most exocytosis was from the pre-docked granules with the plasma membrane before stimulation, or granules rapidly fused to the plasma membrane without docking after stimulation. In contrast, granules docked with the plasma membrane after stimuli and eventually fused were predominant thereafter. Inhibition of actin polymerization suppressed exocytosis of the pre-docked granules. These results suggest that the docking dynamics of GLP-1 granules shows a time-dependent biphasic shift, which is determined by interaction with F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Harada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maoko Takashima
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kitaguchi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuboi
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Petersen OH. The 2022 George E Palade Medal Lecture: Toxic Ca 2+ signals in acinar, stellate and endogenous immune cells are important drivers of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2023; 23:1-8. [PMID: 36539315 PMCID: PMC10809214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In this account of the 2022 Palade Medal Lecture, an attempt is made to explain, as simply as possible, the most essential features of normal physiological control of pancreatic enzyme secretion, as they have emerged from more than 50 years of experimental work. On that basis, further studies on the mechanism by which acute pancreatitis is initiated are then described. Calcium ion signaling is crucially important for both the normal physiology of secretion control as well as for the development of acute pancreatitis. Although acinar cell processes have, rightly, been central to our understanding of pancreatic physiology and pathophysiology, attention is here drawn to the additional critical influence of calcium signaling events in stellate and immune cells in the acinar environment. These signals contribute significantly to the crucially important inflammatory response in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole H Petersen
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Wales, CF10 3AX, UK.
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Petersen OH. Watching Living Cells in Action in the Exocrine Pancreas: The Palade Prize Lecture. FUNCTION 2022; 4:zqac061. [PMID: 36606242 PMCID: PMC9809903 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqac061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
George Palade's pioneering electron microscopical studies of the pancreatic acinar cell revealed the intracellular secretory pathway from the rough endoplasmic reticulum at the base of the cell to the zymogen granules in the apical region. Palade also described for the first time the final stage of exocytotic enzyme secretion into the acinar lumen. The contemporary studies of the mechanism by which secretion is acutely controlled, and how the pancreas is destroyed in the disease acute pancreatitis, rely on monitoring molecular events in the various identified pancreatic cell types in the living pancreas. These studies have been carried out with the help of high-resolution fluorescence recordings, often in conjunction with patch clamp current measurements. In such studies we have gained much detailed information about the regulatory events in the exocrine pancreas in health as well as disease, and new therapeutic opportunities have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole H Petersen
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Wales, CF10 3AX, UK
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11
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Maruyama M, Nishida Y, Tanaka H, Minami T, Ogawara KI, Miyake M, Takamura Y, Kakuta H, Higaki K. Analysis of absorption-enhancing mechanisms for combinatorial use of spermine with sodium taurocholate in Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:332-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Du W, Liu G, Shi N, Tang D, Ferdek PE, Jakubowska MA, Liu S, Zhu X, Zhang J, Yao L, Sang X, Zou S, Liu T, Mukherjee R, Criddle DN, Zheng X, Xia Q, Berggren PO, Huang W, Sutton R, Tian Y, Huang W, Fu X. A microRNA checkpoint for Ca 2+ signaling and overload in acute pancreatitis. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1754-1774. [PMID: 35077860 PMCID: PMC9077382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common digestive disease without specific treatment, and its pathogenesis features multiple deleterious amplification loops dependent on translation, triggered by cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) overload; however, the underlying mechanisms in Ca2+ overload of AP remains incompletely understood. Here we show that microRNA-26a (miR-26a) inhibits pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channel expression, Ca2+ overload, and AP. We find that major SOCE channels are post-transcriptionally induced in PACs during AP, whereas miR-26a expression is reduced in experimental and human AP and correlated with AP severity. Mechanistically, miR-26a simultaneously targets Trpc3 and Trpc6 SOCE channels and attenuates physiological oscillations and pathological elevations of [Ca2+]i in PACs. MiR-26a deficiency increases SOCE channel expression and [Ca2+]i overload, and significantly exacerbates AP. Conversely, global or PAC-specific overexpression of miR-26a in mice ameliorates pancreatic edema, neutrophil infiltration, acinar necrosis, and systemic inflammation, accompanied with remarkable improvements on pathological determinants related with [Ca2+]i overload. Moreover, pancreatic or systemic administration of an miR-26a mimic to mice significantly alleviates experimental AP. These findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism underlying AP pathogenesis, establish a critical role for miR-26a in Ca2+ signaling in the exocrine pancreas, and identify a potential target for the treatment of AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Du
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Geng Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Dongmei Tang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Pawel E Ferdek
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika A Jakubowska
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Shiyu Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Linbo Yao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiongbo Sang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Sailan Zou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Ashton Street, Liverpool L69 3GE, UK.
| | - Yan Tian
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre and West China-Liverpool Biomedical Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; Institutes for Systems Genetics & Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China; West China Biobanks, Department of Clinical Research Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
| | - Xianghui Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.
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13
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Pallagi P, Görög M, Papp N, Madácsy T, Varga Á, Crul T, Szabó V, Molnár M, Dudás K, Grassalkovich A, Szederkényi E, Lázár G, Venglovecz V, Hegyi P, Maléth J. Bile acid- and ethanol-mediated activation of Orai1 damages pancreatic ductal secretion in acute pancreatitis. J Physiol 2022; 600:1631-1650. [PMID: 35081662 DOI: 10.1113/jp282203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Sustained intracellular Ca2+ overload in pancreatic acinar and ductal cells is a hallmark of biliary and alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis, which leads to impaired ductal ion and fluid secretion. Orai1 is a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel that mediates extracellular Ca2+ influx upon endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ depletion. Our results showed that Orai1 is expressed on the luminal plasma membrane of the ductal cells and selective Orai1 inhibition impaired Stim1-dependent extracellular Ca2+ influx evoked by bile acids or ethanol combined with non-oxidative ethanol metabolites. The prevention of sustained extracellular Ca2+ influx protected ductal cell secretory functions in in vitro models and maintained exocrine pancreatic secretion in in vivo AP models. Orai1 inhibition prevents the bile acid-, and alcohol-induced damage of the pancreatic ductal secretion and holds the potential of improving the outcome of acute pancreatitis. ABSTRACT Regardless of its etiology, sustained intracellular Ca2+ overload is a well-known hallmark of acute pancreatitis (AP). Toxic Ca2+ elevation induces pancreatic ductal cell damage characterized by impaired ion- and fluid secretion -essential to wash out the protein-rich fluid secreted by acinar cells while maintaining the alkaline intra-ductal pH under physiological conditions- and mitochondrial dysfunction. While prevention of ductal cell injury decreases the severity of AP, no specific drug target has yet been identified in the ductal cells. Although Orai1 -a store operated Ca2+ influx channel- is known to contribute to sustained Ca2+ overload in acinar cells, details concerning its expression and function in ductal cells are currently lacking. In this study, we demonstrate that functionally active Orai1 channels reside dominantly in the apical plasma membrane of pancreatic ductal cells. Selective CM5480-mediated Orai1 inhibition impairs Stim1-dependent extracellular Ca2+ influx evoked by bile acids or ethanol combined with non-oxidative ethanol metabolites. Furthermore, prevention of sustained extracellular Ca2+ influx protects ductal cell secretory function in vitro and decrease pancreatic ductal cell death. Finally, Orai1-inhibition partially restores and maintains proper exocrine pancreatic secretion in in vivo AP models. In conclusion, our results indicate that Orai1 inhibition prevents AP-related ductal cell function impairment and holds the potential of improving disease outcome. Abstract figure legend This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pallagi
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marietta Görög
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Noémi Papp
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamara Madácsy
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Varga
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tim Crul
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Szabó
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Molnár
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Dudás
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | - György Lázár
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Hungary Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute for Translational Medicine and First Department Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Maléth
- HCEMM-SZTE Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,ELKH-USZ Momentum Epithelial Cell Signaling and Secretion Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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14
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Isogai M. Proposal of the term “gallstone cholangiopancreatitis” to specify gallstone pancreatitis that needs urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 13:451-459. [PMID: 34733406 PMCID: PMC8546567 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v13.i10.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Opie’s “pancreatic duct obstruction” and “common channel” theories are generally accepted as explanations of the mechanisms involved in gallstone acute pancreatitis (AP). Common channel elucidates the mechanism of necrotizing pancreatitis due to gallstones. For pancreatic duct obstruction, the clinical picture of most patients with ampullary stone impaction accompanied by biliopancreatic obstruction is dominated by life-threatening acute cholangitis rather than by AP, which clouds the understanding of the severity of gallstone AP. According to the revised Atlanta classification, it is difficult to consider these clinical features as indications of severe pancreatitis. Hence, the term “gallstone cholangiopancreatitis” is suggested to define severe disease complicated by acute cholangitis due to persistent ampullary stone impaction. It incorporates the terms “cholangitis” and “gallstone pancreatitis.” “Cholangitis” refers to acute cholangitis due to cholangiovenous reflux through the foci of extensive hepatocyte necrosis reflexed by marked elevation in transaminase levels caused by persistent ampullary obstruction. “Gallstone pancreatitis” refers to elevated pancreatic enzyme levels consequent to pancreatic duct obstruction. This pancreatic lesion is characterized by minimal or mild inflammation. Gallstone cholangiopancreatitis may be valuable in clinical practice for specifying gallstone AP that needs urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with endoscopic sphincterotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Isogai
- Department of Surgery, Nawa Hospital, Ogaki 503-0852, Gifu, Japan
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15
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Petersen OH, Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV, Gryshchenko O, Peng S. The roles of calcium and ATP in the physiology and pathology of the exocrine pancreas. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1691-1744. [PMID: 33949875 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00003.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This review deals with the roles of calcium ions and ATP in the control of the normal functions of the different cell types in the exocrine pancreas as well as the roles of these molecules in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. Repetitive rises in the local cytosolic calcium ion concentration in the apical part of the acinar cells not only activate exocytosis but also, via an increase in the intramitochondrial calcium ion concentration, stimulate the ATP formation that is needed to fuel the energy-requiring secretion process. However, intracellular calcium overload, resulting in a global sustained elevation of the cytosolic calcium ion concentration, has the opposite effect of decreasing mitochondrial ATP production, and this initiates processes that lead to necrosis. In the last few years it has become possible to image calcium signaling events simultaneously in acinar, stellate, and immune cells in intact lobules of the exocrine pancreas. This has disclosed processes by which these cells interact with each other, particularly in relation to the initiation and development of acute pancreatitis. By unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease, several promising therapeutic intervention sites have been identified. This provides hope that we may soon be able to effectively treat this often fatal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole H Petersen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ouyang Y, Wen L, Armstrong JA, Chvanov M, Latawiec D, Cai W, Awais M, Mukherjee R, Huang W, Gough PJ, Bertin J, Tepikin AV, Sutton R, Criddle DN. Protective Effects of Necrostatin-1 in Acute Pancreatitis: Partial Involvement of Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1. Cells 2021; 10:1035. [PMID: 33925729 PMCID: PMC8145347 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe and potentially fatal disease caused predominantly by alcohol excess and gallstones, which lacks a specific therapy. The role of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1 (RIPK1), a key component of programmed necrosis (Necroptosis), is unclear in AP. We assessed the effects of RIPK1 inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and RIPK1 modification (RIPK1K45A: kinase dead) in bile acid (TLCS-AP), alcoholic (FAEE-AP) and caerulein hyperstimulation (CER-AP) mouse models. Involvement of collateral Nec-1 target indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was probed with the inhibitor Epacadostat (EPA). Effects of Nec-1 and RIPK1K45A were also compared on pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) fate in vitro and underlying mechanisms explored. Nec-1 markedly ameliorated histological and biochemical changes in all models. However, these were only partially reduced or unchanged in RIPK1K45A mice. Inhibition of IDO with EPA was protective in TLCS-AP. Both Nec-1 and RIPK1K45A modification inhibited TLCS- and FAEE-induced PAC necrosis in vitro. Nec-1 did not affect TLCS-induced Ca2+ entry in PACs, however, it inhibited an associated ROS elevation. The results demonstrate protective actions of Nec-1 in multiple models. However, RIPK1-dependent necroptosis only partially contributed to beneficial effects, and actions on targets such as IDO are likely to be important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Ouyang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Li Wen
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Jane A. Armstrong
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Wenhao Cai
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Mohammad Awais
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - Peter J. Gough
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; (P.J.G.); (J.B.)
| | - John Bertin
- Pattern Recognition Receptor Discovery Performance Unit, Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA; (P.J.G.); (J.B.)
| | - Alexei V. Tepikin
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
| | - Robert Sutton
- Molecular & Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (L.W.); (J.A.A.); (D.L.); (W.C.); (M.A.); (R.M.); (W.H.); (R.S.)
| | - David N. Criddle
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Cell Signalling, Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; (Y.O.); (M.C.); (A.V.T.)
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17
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Tran QT, Tran VH, Sendler M, Doller J, Wiese M, Bolsmann R, Wilden A, Glaubitz J, Modenbach JM, Thiel FG, de Freitas Chama LL, Weiss FU, Lerch MM, Aghdassi AA. Role of Bile Acids and Bile Salts in Acute Pancreatitis: From the Experimental to Clinical Studies. Pancreas 2021; 50:3-11. [PMID: 33370017 PMCID: PMC7748038 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Acute pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastroenterological disorders leading to hospitalization. It has long been debated whether biliary AP, about 30% to 50% of all cases, is induced by bile acids (BAs) when they reach the pancreas via reflux or via the systemic blood circulation.Besides their classical function in digestion, BAs have become an attractive research target because of their recently discovered property as signaling molecules. The underlying mechanisms of BAs have been investigated in various studies. Bile acids are internalized into acinar cells through specific G-protein-coupled BA receptor 1 and various transporters. They can further act via different receptors: the farnesoid X, ryanodine, and inositol triphosphate receptor. Bile acids induce a sustained Ca2+ influx from the endoplasmic reticulum and release of Ca2+ from acidic stores into the cytosol of acinar cells. The overload of intracellular Ca2+ results in mitochondrial depolarization and subsequent acinar cell necrosis. In addition, BAs have a biphasic effect on pancreatic ductal cells. A more detailed characterization of the mechanisms through which BAs contribute to the disease pathogenesis and severity will greatly improve our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and may allow for the development of therapeutic and preventive strategies for gallstone-inducedAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Trung Tran
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Van Huy Tran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Matthias Sendler
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Doller
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mats Wiese
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Bolsmann
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anika Wilden
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Glaubitz
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Frank Ulrich Weiss
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus M. Lerch
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ali A. Aghdassi
- From the Department of Medicine A, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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18
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19
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The role of Ca2+ signalling in the physiology and pathophysiology of exocrine pancreas. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Gál E, Dolenšek J, Stožer A, Pohorec V, Ébert A, Venglovecz V. A Novel in situ Approach to Studying Pancreatic Ducts in Mice. Front Physiol 2019; 10:938. [PMID: 31396104 PMCID: PMC6668154 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The tissue slice technique offers several benefits compared to isolated cells and cell clusters that help us understand the (patho)physiology of several organs in situ. The most prominent features are preserved architecture and function, with intact homotypic and heterotypic interactions between cells in slices. In the pancreas, this technique has been utilized successfully to study acinar and endocrine islet cells. However, it has never been used to investigate ductal function. Since pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (PDECs) play an essential role in the physiology of the pancreas, our aim was to use this technique to study PDEC structure and function in situ. Materials and methods: Eight- to sixteen weeks old C57BL/6 mice were used for preparation of pancreas tissue slices. Low melting point agarose was injected into the common bile duct and the whole organ was extracted. For morphological studies, pieces of tissue were embedded in agarose and cryosectioned to obtain 15 μm thick slices. In order to visualize pancreatic ducts, (i) the Giemsa dye was added to the agarose and visualized using light microscopy or (ii) immunostaining for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was performed. For functional characterization, agarose-embedded tissue was immediately cut to 140 μm thick tissue slices that were loaded with the cell permeant form of the Oregon Green 488 BAPTA-1 dye and used for confocal calcium imaging. Results: Giemsa staining has shown that the injected agarose reaches the head and body of the pancreas to a greater extent than the tail, without disrupting the tissue architecture. Strong CFTR expression was detected at the apical membranes of PDECs and acinar cells, whereas islet cells were completely negative for CFTR. Stimulation with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA, 1 mM) resulted in a robust transient increase in intracellular calcium concentration that was readily visible in >40 ductal cells per slice. Conclusion: Our results confirm that the acutely-isolated pancreas tissue slice technique is suitable for structural and functional investigation of PDECs and their relationship with other cell types, such as acini and endocrine cells in situ. In combination with different genetic, pharmacological or dietary approaches it could become a method of choice in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonóra Gál
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jurij Dolenšek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia.,Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Stožer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Viljem Pohorec
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Attila Ébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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21
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Sun S, Kelekar S, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ. The orphan nuclear receptor SHP regulates ER stress response by inhibiting XBP1s degradation. Genes Dev 2019; 33:1083-1094. [PMID: 31296559 PMCID: PMC6672048 DOI: 10.1101/gad.326868.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Sun et al. investigated the role of the orphan nuclear receptor SHP, a well-known transcriptional corepressor of bile acid and lipid metabolism in the liver, in other tissues. They report that SHP functions as a regulator of ER stress in the exocrine pancreas, specifically via the regulation of XBP1s stability. The orphan nuclear receptor SHP (small heterodimer partner) is a well-known transcriptional corepressor of bile acid and lipid metabolism in the liver; however, its function in other tissues is poorly understood. Here, we report an unexpected role for SHP in the exocrine pancreas as a modulator of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. SHP expression is induced in acinar cells in response to ER stress and regulates the protein stability of the spliced form of X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1s), a key mediator of ER stress response. Loss of SHP reduces XBP1s protein level and transcriptional activity, which in turn attenuates the ER stress response during the fasting–feeding cycle. Consequently, SHP-deficient mice also are more susceptible to cerulein-induced pancreatitis. Mechanistically, we show that SHP physically interacts with the transactivation domain of XBP1s, thereby inhibiting the polyubiquitination and degradation of XBP1s by the Cullin3–SPOP (speckle-type POZ protein) E3 ligase complex. Together, our data implicate SHP in governing ER homeostasis and identify a novel posttranslational regulatory mechanism for the key ER stress response effector XBP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyi Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Sherwin Kelekar
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Steven A Kliewer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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22
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Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Ca 2+ Signaling Pathways in Cerulein-Treated Pancreatic Acinar Cells, Determined by RNA-Sequencing Analysis. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071445. [PMID: 31248019 PMCID: PMC6682875 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis is commonly disrupted in acute pancreatitis. Sustained Ca2+ release from internal stores in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs), mediated by inositol triphosphate receptor (IP3R) and the ryanodine receptor (RyR), plays a key role in the initiation and propagation of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatitis induced by cerulein, an analogue of cholecystokinin, causes premature activation of digestive enzymes and enhanced accumulation of cytokines and Ca2+ in the pancreas and, as such, it is a good model of acute pancreatitis. High concentrations of the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) inhibit inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine expression in PACs treated with cerulein. In the present study, we determined the effect of DHA on key regulators of Ca2+ signaling in cerulein-treated pancreatic acinar AR42 J cells. The results of RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis showed that cerulein up-regulates the expression of IP3R1 and RyR2 genes, and that pretreatment with DHA blocks these effects. The results of real-time PCR confirmed that DHA inhibits cerulein-induced IP3R1 and RyR2 gene expression, and demonstrated that DHA pre-treatment decreases the expression of the Relb gene, which encodes a component of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcriptional activator complex, and the c-fos gene, which encodes a component of activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcriptional activator complex. Taken together, DHA inhibits mRNA expression of IP3R1, RyR2, Relb, and c-fos, which is related to Ca2+ network in cerulein-stimulated PACs.
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23
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Waldron RT, Chen Y, Pham H, Go A, Su HY, Hu C, Wen L, Husain SZ, Sugar CA, Roos J, Ramos S, Lugea A, Dunn M, Stauderman K, Pandol SJ. The Orai Ca 2+ channel inhibitor CM4620 targets both parenchymal and immune cells to reduce inflammation in experimental acute pancreatitis. J Physiol 2019; 597:3085-3105. [PMID: 31050811 PMCID: PMC6582954 DOI: 10.1113/jp277856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This work confirms previous reports that CM4620, a small molecule inhibitor of Ca2+ entry via store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channels formed by stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)/Orai complexes, attenuates acinar cell pathology and acute pancreatitis in mouse experimental models. Here we report that intravenous administration of CM4620 reduces the severity of acute pancreatitis in the rat, a hitherto untested species. Using CM4620, we probe further the mechanisms whereby SOCE via STIM1/Orai complexes contributes to the disease in pancreatic acinar cells, supporting a role for endoplasmic reticulum stress/cell death pathways in these cells. Using CM4620, we show that SOCE via STIM1/Orai complexes promotes neutrophil oxidative burst and inflammatory gene expression during acute pancreatitis, including in immune cells which may be either circulating or invading the pancreas. Using CM4620, we show that SOCE via STIM1/Orai complexes promotes activation and fibroinflammatory gene expression within pancreatic stellate cells. ABSTRACT Key features of acute pancreatitis include excess cellular Ca2+ entry driven by Ca2+ depletion from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and subsequent activation of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) channels in the plasma membrane. In several cell types, including pancreatic acinar, stellate cells (PaSCs) and immune cells, SOCE is mediated via channels composed primarily of Orai1 and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). CM4620, a selective Orai1 inhibitor, prevents Ca2+ entry in acinar cells. This study investigates the effects of CM4620 in preventing or reducing acute pancreatitis features and severity. We tested the effects of CM4620 on SOCE, trypsinogen activation, acinar cell death, activation of NFAT and NF-κB, and inflammatory responses in ex vivo and in vivo rodent models of acute pancreatitis and human pancreatic acini. We also examined whether CM4620 inhibited cytokine release in immune cells, fibro-inflammatory responses in PaSCs, and oxidative burst in neutrophils, all cell types participating in pancreatitis. CM4620 administration to rats by i.v. infusion starting 30 min after induction of pancreatitis significantly diminished pancreatitis features including pancreatic oedema, acinar cell vacuolization, intrapancreatic trypsin activity, cell death signalling and acinar cell death. CM4620 also decreased myeloperoxidase activity and inflammatory cytokine expression in pancreas and lung tissues, fMLF peptide-induced oxidative burst in human neutrophils, and cytokine production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and rodent PaSCs, indicating that Orai1/STIM1 channels participate in the inflammatory responses of these cell types during acute pancreatitis. These findings support pathological Ca2+ entry-mediated cell death and proinflammatory signalling as central mechanisms in acute pancreatitis pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard T. Waldron
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Yafeng Chen
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hung Pham
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Ariel Go
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hsin-Yuan Su
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cheng Hu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Wen
- University of Pittsburgh
- the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- University of Pittsburgh
- the Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Aurelia Lugea
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System,University of California, Los Angeles, CA
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA
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24
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Hegyi P, Maléth J, Walters JR, Hofmann AF, Keely SJ. Guts and Gall: Bile Acids in Regulation of Intestinal Epithelial Function in Health and Disease. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:1983-2023. [PMID: 30067158 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells line the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs where they primarily function in transporting digestive enzymes, nutrients, electrolytes, and fluid to and from the luminal contents. At the same time, epithelial cells are responsible for forming a physical and biochemical barrier that prevents the entry into the body of harmful agents, such as bacteria and their toxins. Dysregulation of epithelial transport and barrier function is associated with the pathogenesis of a number of conditions throughout the intestine, such as inflammatory bowel disease, chronic diarrhea, pancreatitis, reflux esophagitis, and cancer. Driven by discovery of specific receptors on intestinal epithelial cells, new insights into mechanisms that control their synthesis and enterohepatic circulation, and a growing appreciation of their roles as bioactive bacterial metabolites, bile acids are currently receiving a great deal of interest as critical regulators of epithelial function in health and disease. This review aims to summarize recent advances in this field and to highlight how bile acids are now emerging as exciting new targets for disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hegyi
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Joszef Maléth
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Julian R Walters
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Alan F Hofmann
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stephen J Keely
- Momentum Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences-University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs , Pécs , Hungary ; Momentum Epithelial Cell Signalling and Secretion Research Group and First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged , Szeged , Hungary ; Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London , London , United Kingdom ; Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California ; and Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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25
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Wen L, Javed TA, Yimlamai D, Mukherjee A, Xiao X, Husain SZ. Transient High Pressure in Pancreatic Ducts Promotes Inflammation and Alters Tight Junctions via Calcineurin Signaling in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1250-1263.e5. [PMID: 29928898 PMCID: PMC6174093 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (PEP) is thought to be provoked by pancreatic ductal hypertension, via unknown mechanisms. We investigated the effects of hydrostatic pressures on the development of pancreatitis in mice. METHODS We performed studies with Swiss Webster mice, B6129 mice (controls), and B6129 mice with disruption of the protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, βisoform gene (Cnab-/- mice). Acute pancreatitis was induced in mice by retrograde biliopancreatic ductal or intraductal infusion of saline with a constant hydrostatic pressure while the proximal common bile duct was clamped -these mice were used as a model of PEP. Some mice were given pancreatic infusions of adeno-associated virus 6-nuclear factor of activated T-cells-luciferase to monitor calcineurin activity or the calcineurin inhibitor FK506. Blood samples and pancreas were collected at 6 and 24 hours and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histology, immunohistochemistry, or fluorescence microscopy. Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial permeability were measured in pancreatic acinar cells isolated 15 minutes after PEP induction. Ca2+-activated phosphatase calcineurin within the pancreas was tracked in vivo over 24 hours. RESULTS Intraductal pressures of up to 130 mm Hg were observed in the previously reported model of PEP; we found that application of hydrostatic pressures of 100 and 150 mm Hg for 10 minutes consistently induced pancreatitis. Pancreatic tissues had markers of inflammation (increased levels of interleukin [IL] 6, IL1B, and tumor necrosis factor), activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, increased serum amylase and IL6, and loss of tight junction integrity. Transiently high pressures dysregulated Ca2+ processing (reduced Ca2+ oscillations and an increased peak plateau Ca2+ signal) and reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential. We observed activation of pancreatic calcineurin in the pancreas in mice. Cnab-/- mice, which lack the catalytic subunit of calcineurin, and mice given FK506 did not develop pressure-induced pancreatic inflammation, edema, or loss of tight junction integrity. CONCLUSIONS Transient high ductal pressure produces pancreatic inflammation and loss of tight junction integrity in a mouse model of PEP. These processes require calcineurin signaling. Calcineurin inhibitors might be used to prevent acute pancreatitis that results from obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tanveer A Javed
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Dean Yimlamai
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amitava Mukherjee
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiangwei Xiao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sohail Z Husain
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of Pittsburgh and the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UMPC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
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26
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Wang L, Wagner LE, Alzayady KJ, Yule DI. Region-specific proteolysis differentially modulates type 2 and type 3 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor activity in models of acute pancreatitis. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13112-13124. [PMID: 29970616 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine-tuning of the activity of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) by a diverse array of regulatory inputs results in intracellular Ca2+ signals with distinct characteristics. These events allow the activation of specific downstream effectors. We reported previously that region-specific proteolysis represents a novel regulatory event for type 1 IP3R (R1). Specifically, caspase-fragmented R1 display a marked increase in single-channel open probability. More importantly, the distinct characteristics of the Ca2+ signals elicited via fragmented R1 can activate alternate downstream effectors. In this report, we expand these studies to investigate whether all IP3R subtypes are regulated by proteolysis. We now show that type 2 and type 3 IP3R (R2 and R3, respectively) are proteolytically cleaved in rodent models of acute pancreatitis. Surprisingly, fragmented IP3R retained tetrameric architecture, remained embedded in endoplasmic reticulum membranes and were not functionally disabled. Proteolysis was associated with a marked attenuation of the frequency of Ca2+ signals in pancreatic lobules. Consistent with these data, expression of DNAs encoding complementary R2 and R3 peptides mimicking fragmented receptors at particular sites, resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of agonist-stimulated Ca2+ oscillations. Further, proteolysis of R2 resulted in a marked decrease in single-channel open probability. Taken together, proteolytic fragmentation modulates R2 and R3 activity in a region-specific manner, and this event may contribute to the altered Ca2+ signals in pancreatic acinar cells during acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wang
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Larry E Wagner
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - Kamil J Alzayady
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
| | - David I Yule
- From the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642
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27
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Vasques ER, Cunha JEM, Kubrusly MS, Coelho AM, Sanpietri SN, Nader HB, Tersariol ILS, Lima MA, Chaib E, D'Albuquerque LAC. THE M-RNA, EXPRESSION OF SERCA2 AND NCX1 IN THE PROCESS OF PHARMACOLOGICAL CELL PROTECTION IN EXPERIMENTAL ACUTE PANCREATITIS INDUCED BY TAUROCHOLATE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 31:e1352. [PMID: 29947686 PMCID: PMC6049993 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020180001e1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Intracellular calcium overload is known to be a precipitating factor of pancreatic cell injury in acute pancreatitis (AP). Intracellular calcium homeostasis depends of Plasmatic Membrane Calcium ATPase (PMCA), Sarcoplasmic Endothelial Reticulum Calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA 2) and the Sodium Calcium Exchanger (NCX1). The antioxidant melatonin (Mel) and Trisulfate Disaccharide (TD) that accelerates NCX1 action could reduce the cell damage determined by the AP. Aim: To evaluate m-RNA expressions of SERCA2 and NCX1 in acute pancreatitis induced by sodium taurocholate in Wistar rats pre-treated with melatonin and/or TD. Methods: Wistar rats were divided in groups: 1) without AP; 2) AP without pre-treatment; 3) AP and Melatonin; 4) AP and TD; 5) AP and Melatonin associated to TD. Pancreatic tissue samples were collected for detection of SERCA2 and NCX1 m-R NA levels by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Increased m-RNA expression of SERCA2 in the melatonin treated group, without increase of m-RNA expression of the NCX1. The TD did not affect levels of SERCA2 and NCX1 m-RNA expressions. The combined melatonin and TD treatment reduced the m-RNA expression of SERCA2. Conclusions: The effect of melatonin is restricted to increased m-RNA expression of SERCA2. Although TD does not affect gene expression, its action in accelerating calcium exchanger function can explain the slightest expression of SERCA2 m-RNA when associated with Melatonin, perhaps by a joint action of drugs with different and but possibly complementary mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Coelho
- Gastroenterology Department LIM 37, University of São Paulo Medical School
| | - Sandra N Sanpietri
- Gastroenterology Department LIM 37, University of São Paulo Medical School
| | - Helena B Nader
- Pharmacology Department of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivarne L S Tersariol
- Pharmacology Department of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Lima
- Pharmacology Department of Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Eleazar Chaib
- Gastroenterology Department LIM 37, University of São Paulo Medical School
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28
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Jakubowska MA, Ferdek PE, Gerasimenko OV, Gerasimenko JV, Petersen OH. Nitric oxide signals are interlinked with calcium signals in normal pancreatic stellate cells upon oxidative stress and inflammation. Open Biol 2017; 6:rsob.160149. [PMID: 27488376 PMCID: PMC5008014 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.160149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian diffuse stellate cell system comprises retinoid-storing cells capable of remarkable transformations from a quiescent to an activated myofibroblast-like phenotype. Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) attract attention owing to the pivotal role they play in development of tissue fibrosis in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, little is known about the actual role of PSCs in the normal pancreas. These enigmatic cells have recently been shown to respond to physiological stimuli in a manner that is markedly different from their neighbouring pancreatic acinar cells (PACs). Here, we demonstrate the capacity of PSCs to generate nitric oxide (NO), a free radical messenger mediating, for example, inflammation and vasodilatation. We show that production of cytosolic NO in PSCs is unambiguously related to cytosolic Ca2+ signals. Only stimuli that evoke Ca2+ signals in the PSCs elicit consequent NO generation. We provide fresh evidence for the striking difference between signalling pathways in PSCs and adjacent PACs, because PSCs, in contrast to PACs, generate substantial Ca2+-mediated and NOS-dependent NO signals. We also show that inhibition of NO generation protects both PSCs and PACs from necrosis. Our results highlight the interplay between Ca2+ and NO signalling pathways in cell–cell communication, and also identify a potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A Jakubowska
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Pawel E Ferdek
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Julia V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Medical Research Council Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
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29
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Peng S, Gerasimenko JV, Tsugorka T, Gryshchenko O, Samarasinghe S, Petersen OH, Gerasimenko OV. Calcium and adenosine triphosphate control of cellular pathology: asparaginase-induced pancreatitis elicited via protease-activated receptor 2. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0423. [PMID: 27377732 PMCID: PMC4938023 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exocytotic secretion of digestive enzymes from pancreatic acinar cells is elicited by physiological cytosolic Ca2+ signals, occurring as repetitive short-lasting spikes largely confined to the secretory granule region, that stimulate mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. By contrast, sustained global cytosolic Ca2+ elevations decrease ATP levels and cause necrosis, leading to the disease acute pancreatitis (AP). Toxic Ca2+ signals can be evoked by products of alcohol and fatty acids as well as bile acids. Here, we have investigated the mechanism by which l-asparaginase evokes AP. Asparaginase is an essential element in the successful treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, the most common type of cancer affecting children, but AP is a side-effect occurring in about 5–10% of cases. Like other pancreatitis-inducing agents, asparaginase evoked intracellular Ca2+ release followed by Ca2+ entry and also substantially reduced Ca2+ extrusion because of decreased intracellular ATP levels. The toxic Ca2+ signals caused extensive necrosis. The asparaginase-induced pathology depended on protease-activated receptor 2 and its inhibition prevented the toxic Ca2+ signals and necrosis. We tested the effects of inhibiting the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ entry by the Ca2+ channel inhibitor GSK-7975A. This markedly reduced asparaginase-induced Ca2+ entry and also protected effectively against the development of necrosis. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolution brings Ca2+ and ATP together to control life and death’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Peng
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK Department of Pathophysiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Julia V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Tatiana Tsugorka
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Oleksiy Gryshchenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine
| | - Sujith Samarasinghe
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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Gerasimenko JV, Peng S, Tsugorka T, Gerasimenko OV. Ca 2+ signalling underlying pancreatitis. Cell Calcium 2017; 70:95-101. [PMID: 28552244 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of significant scientific progress in recent years, acute pancreatitis (AP) is still a dangerous and in up to 5% of cases deadly disease with no specific cure. It is self-resolved in the majority of cases, but could result in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and increased risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). One of the early events in AP is premature activation of digestive pro-enzymes, including trypsinogen, inside pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) due to an excessive rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, which is the result of Ca2+ release from internal stores followed by Ca2+ entry through the store operated Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane. The leading causes of AP are high alcohol intake and biliary disease with gallstones obstruction leading to bile reflux into the pancreatic duct. Recently attention in this area of research turned to another cause of AP - Asparaginase based drugs - which have been used quite successfully in treatments of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Unfortunately, Asparaginase is implicated in triggering AP in 5-10% of cases as a side effect of the anti-cancer therapy. The main features of Asparaginase-elicited AP (AAP) were found to be remarkably similar to AP induced by alcohol metabolites and bile acids. Several potential therapeutic avenues in counteracting AAP have been suggested and could also be useful for dealing with AP induced by other causes. Another interesting development in this field includes recent research related to pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) that are much less studied in their natural environment but nevertheless critically involved in AP, CP and PC. This review will attempt to evaluate developments, approaches and potential therapies for AP and discuss links to other relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
| | - S Peng
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK; Department of Physiology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - T Tsugorka
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - O V Gerasimenko
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
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Huang W, Cane MC, Mukherjee R, Szatmary P, Zhang X, Elliott V, Ouyang Y, Chvanov M, Latawiec D, Wen L, Booth DM, Haynes AC, Petersen OH, Tepikin AV, Criddle DN, Sutton R. Caffeine protects against experimental acute pancreatitis by inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor-mediated Ca2+ release. Gut 2017; 66:301-313. [PMID: 26642860 PMCID: PMC5284483 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caffeine reduces toxic Ca2+ signals in pancreatic acinar cells via inhibition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-mediated signalling, but effects of other xanthines have not been evaluated, nor effects of xanthines on experimental acute pancreatitis (AP). We have determined effects of caffeine and its xanthine metabolites on pancreatic acinar IP3R-mediated Ca2+ signalling and experimental AP. DESIGN Isolated pancreatic acinar cells were exposed to secretagogues, uncaged IP3 or toxins that induce AP and effects of xanthines, non-xanthine phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors and cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cAMP/cGMP) determined. The intracellular cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]C), mitochondrial depolarisation and necrosis were assessed by confocal microscopy. Effects of xanthines were evaluated in caerulein-induced AP (CER-AP), taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate-induced AP (TLCS-AP) or palmitoleic acid plus ethanol-induced AP (fatty acid ethyl ester AP (FAEE-AP)). Serum xanthines were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Caffeine, dimethylxanthines and non-xanthine PDE inhibitors blocked IP3-mediated Ca2+ oscillations, while monomethylxanthines had little effect. Caffeine and dimethylxanthines inhibited uncaged IP3-induced Ca2+ rises, toxin-induced Ca2+ release, mitochondrial depolarisation and necrotic cell death pathway activation; cAMP/cGMP did not inhibit toxin-induced Ca2+ rises. Caffeine significantly ameliorated CER-AP with most effect at 25 mg/kg (seven injections hourly); paraxanthine or theophylline did not. Caffeine at 25 mg/kg significantly ameliorated TLCS-AP and FAEE-AP. Mean total serum levels of dimethylxanthines and trimethylxanthines peaked at >2 mM with 25 mg/kg caffeine but at <100 µM with 25 mg/kg paraxanthine or theophylline. CONCLUSIONS Caffeine and its dimethylxanthine metabolites reduced pathological IP3R-mediated pancreatic acinar Ca2+ signals but only caffeine ameliorated experimental AP. Caffeine is a suitable starting point for medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Matthew C Cane
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter Szatmary
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Victoria Elliott
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Yulin Ouyang
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Chvanov
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Diane Latawiec
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Li Wen
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - David M Booth
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrea C Haynes
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapeutic Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David N Criddle
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Du D, Jin T, Zhang R, Hu L, Xing Z, Shi N, Shen Y, Gong M. Phenolic compounds isolated from Dioscorea zingiberensis protect against pancreatic acinar cells necrosis induced by sodium taurocholate. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:1467-1470. [PMID: 28228364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
One new bibenzyl (1) and one new phenanthrene (2), together with two known bibenzyls (3-4) and four known diarylheptanoids (5-8) were isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis. The structures of 1-2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR. Phenols 1-8 were evaluated for their anti-pancreatitic activities on sodium taurocholate (NaT)-induced pancreatic acinars necrosis. Notably, 0.5mM of compound 6 exhibited comparable inhibitory effect with 5mM of caffeine. Furthermore, compound 6 prevented the ATP depletion and excessive ROS production which could be also involved in mitochondria-mediated injuries in acute pancreatitis. As a result, compound 6 has been demonstrated to be a potential candidate for mediating mitochondrial dysfunction to prevent pancreatic necrosis. This study is also the first report on the isolation of bibenzyls and diarylheptanoids from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Du
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liqiang Hu
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Gong
- West China-Washington Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Staley C, Weingarden AR, Khoruts A, Sadowsky MJ. Interaction of gut microbiota with bile acid metabolism and its influence on disease states. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:47-64. [PMID: 27888332 PMCID: PMC5203956 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-8006-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Primary bile acids serve important roles in cholesterol metabolism, lipid digestion, host-microbe interactions, and regulatory pathways in the human host. While most bile acids are reabsorbed and recycled via enterohepatic cycling, ∼5% serve as substrates for bacterial biotransformation in the colon. Enzymes involved in various transformations have been characterized from cultured gut bacteria and reveal taxa-specific distribution. More recently, bioinformatic approaches have revealed greater diversity in isoforms of these enzymes, and the microbial species in which they are found. Thus, the functional roles played by the bile acid-transforming gut microbiota and the distribution of resulting secondary bile acids, in the bile acid pool, may be profoundly affected by microbial community structure and function. Bile acids and the composition of the bile acid pool have historically been hypothesized to be associated with several disease states, including recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic syndrome, and several cancers. Recently, however, emphasis has been placed on how microbial communities in the dysbiotic gut may alter the bile acid pool to potentially cause or mitigate disease onset. This review highlights the current understanding of the interactions between the gut microbial community, bile acid biotransformation, and disease states, and addresses future directions to better understand these complex associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Staley
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alexa R Weingarden
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Michael J Sadowsky
- BioTechnology Institute, Center for Immunology University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
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34
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Ferdek PE, Jakubowska MA, Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV, Petersen OH. Bile acids induce necrosis in pancreatic stellate cells dependent on calcium entry and sodium-driven bile uptake. J Physiol 2016; 594:6147-6164. [PMID: 27406326 PMCID: PMC5088250 DOI: 10.1113/jp272774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Acute biliary pancreatitis is a sudden and severe condition initiated by bile reflux into the pancreas. Bile acids are known to induce Ca2+ signals and necrosis in isolated pancreatic acinar cells but the effects of bile acids on stellate cells are unexplored. Here we show that cholate and taurocholate elicit more dramatic Ca2+ signals and necrosis in stellate cells compared to the adjacent acinar cells in pancreatic lobules; whereas taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate primarily affects acinar cells. Ca2+ signals and necrosis are strongly dependent on extracellular Ca2+ as well as Na+ ; and Na+ -dependent transport plays an important role in the overall bile acid uptake in pancreatic stellate cells. Bile acid-mediated pancreatic damage can be further escalated by bradykinin-induced signals in stellate cells and thus killing of stellate cells by bile acids might have important implications in acute biliary pancreatitis. ABSTRACT Acute biliary pancreatitis, caused by bile reflux into the pancreas, is a serious condition characterised by premature activation of digestive enzymes within acinar cells, followed by necrosis and inflammation. Bile acids are known to induce pathological Ca2+ signals and necrosis in acinar cells. However, bile acid-elicited signalling events in stellate cells remain unexplored. This is the first study to demonstrate the pathophysiological effects of bile acids on stellate cells in two experimental models: ex vivo (mouse pancreatic lobules) and in vitro (human cells). Sodium cholate and taurocholate induced cytosolic Ca2+ elevations in stellate cells, larger than those elicited simultaneously in the neighbouring acinar cells. In contrast, taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S), known to induce Ca2+ oscillations in acinar cells, had only minor effects on stellate cells in lobules. The dependence of the Ca2+ signals on extracellular Na+ and the presence of sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) indicate a Na+ -dependent bile acid uptake mechanism in stellate cells. Bile acid treatment caused necrosis predominantly in stellate cells, which was abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+ and significantly reduced in the absence of Na+ , showing that bile-dependent cell death was a downstream event of Ca2+ signals. Finally, combined application of TLC-S and the inflammatory mediator bradykinin caused more extensive necrosis in both stellate and acinar cells than TLC-S alone. Our findings shed new light on the mechanism by which bile acids promote pancreatic pathology. This involves not only signalling in acinar cells but also in stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel E Ferdek
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK. ,
| | - Monika A Jakubowska
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Julia V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, Wales, UK
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35
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Zhang R, Wen L, Shen Y, Shi N, Xing Z, Xia Q, Niu H, Huang W. One compound of saponins from Disocorea zingiberensis protected against experimental acute pancreatitis by preventing mitochondria-mediated necrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35965. [PMID: 27779235 PMCID: PMC5078795 DOI: 10.1038/srep35965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a painful inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas, ranking as the most common gastrointestinal reasons for hospitalization with no specific therapy currently. Diosgenyl saponins extracted from natural products and diosgenin or its derivatives have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory effects in various diseases. However, the therapeutic effects of diosgenyl saponins from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright in AP have not yet been determined. Five compounds were extracted and screened for taurocholate-induced necrosis in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Particularly, 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-3β, 22α, 26-trihydroxy-25(R)-furosta-5-en-3-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 4)]-β-d-glucopyranoside (compound 1) exhibited the best protective effects with no toxicity observed. Next, we showed compound 1 concentration-dependently inhibited necrotic cell death pathway activation and 2.5 mM compound 1 also prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, adenosine triphosphate production, and reactive oxygen species generation in mouse pancreatic acinar cells. Finally, we showed compound 1 protected against three clinically representative murine models of AP and significantly improved pancreatitis-associated acute lung injury. These data provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that one compound of diosgenyl saponins can be potential treatment for AP. This study suggests natural saponins may serve as fruitful sources for exploring/identifying potential therapies for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihua Xing
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Niu
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- College of Mathematics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital/West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Laczkó D, Rosztóczy A, Birkás K, Katona M, Rakonczay Z, Tiszlavicz L, Róka R, Wittmann T, Hegyi P, Venglovecz V. Role of ion transporters in the bile acid-induced esophageal injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G16-31. [PMID: 27198194 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00159.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus (BE) is considered to be the most severe complication of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD), in which the prolonged, repetitive episodes of combined acidic and biliary reflux result in the replacement of the squamous esophageal lining by columnar epithelium. Therefore, the acid-extruding mechanisms of esophageal epithelial cells (EECs) may play an important role in the defense. Our aim was to identify the presence of acid/base transporters on EECs and to investigate the effect of bile acids on their expressions and functions. Human EEC lines (CP-A and CP-D) were acutely exposed to bile acid cocktail (BAC) and the changes in intracellular pH (pHi) and Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) were measured by microfluorometry. mRNA and protein expression of ion transporters was investigated by RT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. We have identified the presence of a Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE), Na(+)/HCO3 (-) cotransporter (NBC), and a Cl(-)-dependent HCO3 (-) secretory mechanism in CP-A and CP-D cells. Acute administration of BAC stimulated HCO3 (-) secretion in both cell lines and the NHE activity in CP-D cells by an inositol triphosphate-dependent calcium release. Chronic administration of BAC to EECs increased the expression of ion transporters compared with nontreated cells. A similar expression pattern was observed in biopsy samples from BE compared with normal epithelium. We have shown that acute administration of bile acids differently alters ion transport mechanisms of EECs, whereas chronic exposure to bile acids increases the expression of acid/base transporters. We speculate that these adaptive processes of EECs represent an important mucosal defense against the bile acid-induced epithelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorottya Laczkó
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Rosztóczy
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Birkás
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Katona
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Richárd Róka
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Wittmann
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; and Institute for Translational Medicine and First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary;
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Jakkampudi A, Jangala R, Reddy BR, Mitnala S, Nageshwar Reddy D, Talukdar R. NF-κB in acute pancreatitis: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Pancreatology 2016; 16:477-88. [PMID: 27282980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) is increasing globally and mortality could be high among patients with organ failure and infected necrosis. The predominant factors responsible for the morbidity and mortality of AP are systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiorgan dysfunction. Even though preclinical studies have shown antisecretory agents (somatostatin), antioxidants (S-adenosyl methionine [SAM], selenium), protease inhibitors, platelet activating factor inhibitor (Lexipafant), and anti-inflammatory immunomodulators (eg. prostaglandin E, indomethacin) to benefit AP in terms of reducing the severity and/or mortality, most of these agents have shown heterogeneous results in clinical studies. Several years of experimental studies have implicated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation as an early and central event in the progression of inflammation in AP. In this manuscript, we review the literature on the role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of AP, its early intraacinar activation, and how it results in progression of the disease. We also discuss why anti-protease, antisecretory, and anti-inflammatory agents are unlikely to be effective in clinical acute pancreatitis. NF-κB, being a central molecule that links the initial acinar injury to systemic inflammation and perpetuate the inflammation, we propose that more studies be focussed towards targeted inhibition of NF-κB activity. Direct NF-κB inhibition strategies have already been attempted in patients with various cancers. So far, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) ligand, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), proteasome inhibitor and calpain I inhibitor have been shown to have direct inhibitory effects on NF-κB activation in experimental AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Jakkampudi
- Wellcome-DBT Laboratory, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ramaiah Jangala
- Wellcome-DBT Laboratory, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | - B Ratnakar Reddy
- Wellcome-DBT Laboratory, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sasikala Mitnala
- Wellcome-DBT Laboratory, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, India
| | - D Nageshwar Reddy
- Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rupjyoti Talukdar
- Wellcome-DBT Laboratory, Asian Healthcare Foundation, Hyderabad, India; Dept. of Medical Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India.
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Criddle DN. Reactive oxygen species, Ca(2+) stores and acute pancreatitis; a step closer to therapy? Cell Calcium 2016; 60:180-9. [PMID: 27229361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of Ca(2+) homeostasis can lead to severe damage of the pancreas, resulting in premature activation of digestive enzymes, vacuolisation and necrotic cell death, features typical of acute pancreatitis (AP). Therefore a fine balance between Ca(2+) release from internal stores, Ca(2+) entry and extrusion mechanisms is necessary to avoid injury. Precipitants of AP induce Ca(2+) overload of the pancreatic acinar cell that causes mitochondrial dysfunction, via formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), loss of ATP production and consequent necrosis. Oxidative stress has been shown to occur in the development of AP and may modify Ca(2+) signalling events in the acinar cell. However, the precise pathophysiological involvement is currently unclear and antioxidant therapy in the clinic has largely proved ineffective. Possible reasons for this are discussed, including evidence that ROS generation may determine cell death patterns. In contrast, recent evidence has indicated the potential for AP therapy via the prevention of Ca(2+)-dependent mitochondrial damage. Multiple approaches are indicated from preclinical findings; 1) inhibition of Ca(2+) release by IP3R blockade, 2) inhibition of Ca(2+) entry through Orai1 blockade and 3) prevention of MPTP formation. Clinical trials of drugs which prevent mitochondrial dysfunction induced by Ca(2+) overload of pancreatic acinar cells are imminent and may provide patient benefit for a disease that currently lacks specific therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, and NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
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Necroptosis Is an Important Severity Determinant and Potential Therapeutic Target in Experimental Severe Pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 2:519-535. [PMID: 27642624 PMCID: PMC5020563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Severe acute pancreatitis is characterized by acinar cell death and inflammation. Necroptosis is an aggressive and pro-inflammatory mode of cell death that can be prevented by necrostatin-1 administration or RIP3 deletion. METHODS Mouse pancreatic acinar cells were incubated with supramaximally stimulating concentrations of caerulein or sub-micellar concentrations of TLCS and necroptosis was inhibited by either addition of necrostatin or by RIP3 deletion. Cell death was quantitated using either LDH leakage from acini or PI staining of nuclei. Necrosome formation was tracked and quantitated using cell fractionation or immunoprecipitation. Pancreatitis was induced in mice by retrograde intraductal infusion of TLCS or by repetitive supramaximal stimulation with caerulein. RESULTS Necroptosis was found to be the most prevalent mode of acinar cell in vitro death and little or no apoptosis was observed. Acinar cell death was associated with necrosome formation and prevented by either necrostatin administration or RIP3 deletion. Both of these interventions reduced the severity of TLCS- or caerulein-induced pancreatitis. Delaying necrostatin administration until after pancreatitis had already been established could still reduce the severity of TLCS-induced pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Necroptosis is the predominant mode of acinar cell death in severe experimental mouse pancreatitis. The severity of pancreatitis can be reduced by administration of necrostatin and that necrostatin can still reduce the cell injury of pancreatitis even if it is administered after the disease has already been established. Inhibition of necroptosis may be an effective strategy for the treatment of severe clinical pancreatitis.
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Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an inflammatory disorder of the exocrine pancreas frequently associated with metabolic causes, contributing factors, or consequences, including hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, and disorders of intermediary metabolism, respectively. To date, there is no specific therapy for this disease. Future optimal therapy should correct both inflammatory and metabolic components of the disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are lipid-sensing nuclear receptors that control inflammatory and metabolic pathways via ligand-dependent and ligand-independent mechanisms. There are 3 known subtypes, PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, which are differentially expressed in various tissues. The PPARs interact closely with other transcription factors such as nuclear factor κB and signal tranducers and activators of transcription that have pivotal roles in the pathobiology of AP. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the role of PPARs in AP, highlighting important in vitro and in vivo experimental findings. Finally, we propose future research directions as well as potential translational use of PPAR agonists in the treatment of AP.
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Katona M, Hegyi P, Kui B, Balla Z, Rakonczay Z, Rázga Z, Tiszlavicz L, Maléth J, Venglovecz V. A novel, protective role of ursodeoxycholate in bile-induced pancreatic ductal injury. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G193-204. [PMID: 26608189 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00317.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) strongly inhibits pancreatic ductal HCO3 (-) secretion through the destruction of mitochondrial function, which may have significance in the pathomechanism of acute pancreatitis (AP). Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is known to protect the mitochondria against hydrophobic bile acids and has an ameliorating effect on cell death. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the effect of UDCA pretreatment on CDCA-induced pancreatic ductal injury. Guinea pig intrainterlobular pancreatic ducts were isolated by collagenase digestion. Ducts were treated with UDCA for 5 and 24 h, and the effect of CDCA on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i), intracellular pH (pHi), morphological and functional changes of mitochondria, and the rate of apoptosis were investigated. AP was induced in rat by retrograde intraductal injection of CDCA (0.5%), and the disease severity of pancreatitis was assessed by measuring standard laboratory and histological parameters. Twenty-four-hour pretreatment of pancreatic ducts with 0.5 mM UDCA significantly reduced the rate of ATP depletion, mitochondrial injury, and cell death induced by 1 mM CDCA and completely prevented the inhibitory effect of CDCA on acid-base transporters. UDCA pretreatment had no effect on CDCA-induced Ca(2+) signaling. Oral administration of UDCA (250 mg/kg) markedly reduced the severity of CDCA-induced AP. Our results clearly demonstrate that UDCA 1) suppresses the CDCA-induced pancreatic ductal injury by reducing apoptosis and mitochondrial damage and 2) reduces the severity of CDCA-induced AP. The protective effect of UDCA against hydrophobic bile acids may represent a novel therapeutic target in the treatment of biliary AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Katona
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- Institute for Translational Medicine and First Department of Medicine, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary; First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Balázs Kui
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Balla
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; and Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; and
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Pathophysiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; and
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary;
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Gryshchenko O, Gerasimenko JV, Gerasimenko OV, Petersen OH. Ca(2+) signals mediated by bradykinin type 2 receptors in normal pancreatic stellate cells can be inhibited by specific Ca(2+) channel blockade. J Physiol 2015; 594:281-93. [PMID: 26442817 PMCID: PMC4713750 DOI: 10.1113/jp271468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Bradykinin may play a role in the autodigestive disease acute pancreatitis, but little is known about its pancreatic actions. In this study, we have investigated bradykinin-elicited Ca(2+) signal generation in normal mouse pancreatic lobules. We found complete separation of Ca(2+) signalling between pancreatic acinar (PACs) and stellate cells (PSCs). Pathophysiologically relevant bradykinin concentrations consistently evoked Ca(2+) signals, via B2 receptors, in PSCs but never in neighbouring PACs, whereas cholecystokinin, consistently evoking Ca(2+) signals in PACs, never elicited Ca(2+) signals in PSCs. The bradykinin-elicited Ca(2+) signals were due to initial Ca(2+) release from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive stores followed by Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+) release-activated channels (CRACs). The Ca(2+) entry phase was effectively inhibited by a CRAC blocker. B2 receptor blockade reduced the extent of PAC necrosis evoked by pancreatitis-promoting agents and we therefore conclude that bradykinin plays a role in acute pancreatitis via specific actions on PSCs. ABSTRACT Normal pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are regarded as quiescent, only to become activated in chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. However, we now report that these cells in their normal microenvironment are far from quiescent, but are capable of generating substantial Ca(2+) signals. We have compared Ca(2+) signalling in PSCs and their better studied neighbouring acinar cells (PACs) and found complete separation of Ca(2+) signalling in even closely neighbouring PACs and PSCs. Bradykinin (BK), at concentrations corresponding to the slightly elevated plasma BK levels that have been shown to occur in the auto-digestive disease acute pancreatitis in vivo, consistently elicited substantial Ca(2+) signals in PSCs, but never in neighbouring PACs, whereas the physiological PAC stimulant cholecystokinin failed to evoke Ca(2+) signals in PSCs. The BK-induced Ca(2+) signals were mediated by B2 receptors and B2 receptor blockade protected against PAC necrosis evoked by agents causing acute pancreatitis. The initial Ca(2+) rise in PSCs was due to inositol trisphosphate receptor-mediated release from internal stores, whereas the sustained phase depended on external Ca(2+) entry through Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels. CRAC channel inhibitors, which have been shown to protect PACs against damage caused by agents inducing pancreatitis, therefore also inhibit Ca(2+) signal generation in PSCs and this may be helpful in treating acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksiy Gryshchenko
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.,Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev, 01024, Ukraine
| | - Julia V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Oleg V Gerasimenko
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Ole H Petersen
- Medical Research Council Group, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
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Brighton CA, Rievaj J, Kuhre RE, Glass LL, Schoonjans K, Holst JJ, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Bile Acids Trigger GLP-1 Release Predominantly by Accessing Basolaterally Located G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptors. Endocrinology 2015; 156:3961-70. [PMID: 26280129 PMCID: PMC4606749 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are well-recognized stimuli of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. This action has been attributed to activation of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor GPBAR1 (TGR5), although other potential bile acid sensors include the nuclear farnesoid receptor and the apical sodium-coupled bile acid transporter ASBT. The aim of this study was to identify pathways important for GLP-1 release and to determine whether bile acids target their receptors on GLP-1-secreting L-cells from the apical or basolateral compartment. Using transgenic mice expressing fluorescent sensors specifically in L-cells, we observed that taurodeoxycholate (TDCA) and taurolithocholate (TLCA) increased intracellular cAMP and Ca(2+). In primary intestinal cultures, TDCA was a more potent GLP-1 secretagogue than taurocholate (TCA) and TLCA, correlating with a stronger Ca(2+) response to TDCA. Using small-volume Ussing chambers optimized for measuring GLP-1 secretion, we found that both a GPBAR1 agonist and TDCA stimulated GLP-1 release better when applied from the basolateral than from the luminal direction and that luminal TDCA was ineffective when intestinal tissue was pretreated with an ASBT inhibitor. ASBT inhibition had no significant effect in nonpolarized primary cultures. Studies in the perfused rat gut confirmed that vascularly administered TDCA was more effective than luminal TDCA. Intestinal primary cultures and Ussing chamber-mounted tissues from GPBAR1-knockout mice did not secrete GLP-1 in response to either TLCA or TDCA. We conclude that the action of bile acids on GLP-1 secretion is predominantly mediated by GPBAR1 located on the basolateral L-cell membrane, suggesting that stimulation of gut hormone secretion may include postabsorptive mechanisms.
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Wen L, Voronina S, Javed MA, Awais M, Szatmary P, Latawiec D, Chvanov M, Collier D, Huang W, Barrett J, Begg M, Stauderman K, Roos J, Grigoryev S, Ramos S, Rogers E, Whitten J, Velicelebi G, Dunn M, Tepikin AV, Criddle DN, Sutton R. Inhibitors of ORAI1 Prevent Cytosolic Calcium-Associated Injury of Human Pancreatic Acinar Cells and Acute Pancreatitis in 3 Mouse Models. Gastroenterology 2015; 149:481-92.e7. [PMID: 25917787 PMCID: PMC4556985 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sustained activation of the cytosolic calcium concentration induces injury to pancreatic acinar cells and necrosis. The calcium release-activated calcium modulator ORAI1 is the most abundant Ca(2+) entry channel in pancreatic acinar cells; it sustains calcium overload in mice exposed to toxins that induce pancreatitis. We investigated the roles of ORAI1 in pancreatic acinar cell injury and the development of acute pancreatitis in mice. METHODS Mouse and human acinar cells, as well as HEK 293 cells transfected to express human ORAI1 with human stromal interaction molecule 1, were hyperstimulated or incubated with human bile acid, thapsigargin, or cyclopiazonic acid to induce calcium entry. GSK-7975A or CM_128 were added to some cells, which were analyzed by confocal and video microscopy and patch clamp recordings. Acute pancreatitis was induced in C57BL/6J mice by ductal injection of taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate or intravenous' administration of cerulein or ethanol and palmitoleic acid. Some mice then were given GSK-7975A or CM_128, which inhibit ORAI1, at different time points to assess local and systemic effects. RESULTS GSK-7975A and CM_128 each separately inhibited toxin-induced activation of ORAI1 and/or activation of Ca(2+) currents after Ca(2+) release, in a concentration-dependent manner, in mouse and human pancreatic acinar cells (inhibition >90% of the levels observed in control cells). The ORAI1 inhibitors also prevented activation of the necrotic cell death pathway in mouse and human pancreatic acinar cells. GSK-7975A and CM_128 each inhibited all local and systemic features of acute pancreatitis in all 3 models, in dose- and time-dependent manners. The agents were significantly more effective, in a range of parameters, when given at 1 vs 6 hours after induction of pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS Cytosolic calcium overload, mediated via ORAI1, contributes to the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. ORAI1 inhibitors might be developed for the treatment of patients with pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Svetlana Voronina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad A Javed
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Szatmary
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Chvanov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David Collier
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Huang
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Barrett
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm Begg
- Respiratory Therapy Area Unit, Medicines Research Centre, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alexei V Tepikin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - David N Criddle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Sutton
- Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research Liverpool, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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Geyer N, Diszházi G, Csernoch L, Jóna I, Almássy J. Bile acids activate ryanodine receptors in pancreatic acinar cells via a direct allosteric mechanism. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:160-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Maléth J, Hegyi P, Rakonczay Z, Venglovecz V. Breakdown of bioenergetics evoked by mitochondrial damage in acute pancreatitis: Mechanisms and consequences. Pancreatology 2015; 15:S18-22. [PMID: 26162756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis is a severe inflammatory disease with unacceptably high mortality and without specific therapy. Clinical studies revealed that energy supplementation of patients via enteral feeding decreases systemic infections, multi-organ failure and mortality. These clinical observations have been supported by in vitro and in vivo experimental studies which showed that the most common pancreatitis inducing factors, such as bile acids, ethanol and non-oxidative ethanol metabolites induce intracellular ATP depletion and mitochondrial damage both in pancreatic acinar and ductal cells. Notably, the in vitro supplementation of ATP prevented the cellular damage and restored cell functions in both cell types. These observations suggest that either prevention of mitochondrial damage or restoration of intracellular ATP level might provide therapeutical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Maléth
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Hegyi
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; MTA-SZTE Lendulet Translational Gastroenterology Research Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Rakonczay
- First Department of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Viktória Venglovecz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Criddle DN. The role of fat and alcohol in acute pancreatitis: A dangerous liaison. Pancreatology 2015; 15:S6-S12. [PMID: 25845855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Excessive alcohol consumption is a major trigger for severe acute pancreatitis which may lead to multi-organ dysfunction and premature death of the individual. Hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for both acute and chronic pancreatitis and the role of fatty acids in mediating damage has received increasing attention in recent years. In the pancreas ethanol is metabolised by both oxidative and non-oxidative pathways. The latter, predominant route generates fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from fatty acid substrates via the action of diverse enzymes called FAEE synthases, including carboxylester lipase an enzyme synthesized and secreted by the acinar cells. Inhibition of the oxidative pathway promotes formation of FAEEs which induce sustained elevations of cytosolic calcium leading to inhibition of mitochondrial function, loss of ATP and necrosis of isolated pancreatic acinar cells. Furthermore, FAEEs undergo hydrolysis in the mitochondria releasing free fatty acids that exert toxic effects. Our recent work has shown that pharmacological inhibition of carboxylester lipase ameliorated detrimental effects of non-oxidative ethanol metabolism in isolated pancreatic acinar cells in vitro and in a new in vivo experimental model of alcoholic acute pancreatitis, revealing a specific enzyme target for ethanol-induced injury. Strategies that prevent FAEE synthesis, protect mitochondria, reduce calcium overload or sustain calcium homeostasis by ATP provision may provide promising therapeutic avenues for the treatment of alcoholic acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Criddle
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology & NIHR Liverpool Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, RLBUHT, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK.
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Abstract
The inducers of acute pancreatitis trigger a prolonged increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]c), which is responsible for the damage to and eventual death of pancreatic acinar cells. Vacuolization is an important indicator of pancreatic acinar cell damage. Furthermore, activation of trypsinogen occurs in the endocytic vacuoles; therefore the vacuoles can be considered as 'initiating' organelles in the development of the cell injury. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between the formation of endocytic vacuoles and Ca(2+) influx developed in response to the inducers of acute pancreatitis [bile acid taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLC-S) and supramaximal concentration of cholecystokinin-8 (CCK)]. We found that the inhibitor of STIM (stromal interaction molecule)/Orai channels, GSK-7975A, effectively suppressed both the Ca(2+) influx (stimulated by inducers of pancreatitis) and the formation of endocytic vacuoles. Cell death induced by TLC-S or CCK was also inhibited by GSK-7975A. We documented the formation of endocytic vacuoles in response to store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) induced by thapsigargin [TG; inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) pumps] and observed strong inhibition of TG-induced vacuole formation by GSK-7975A. Finally, we found that structurally-unrelated inhibitors of calpain suppress formation of endocytic vacuoles, suggesting that this Ca2+-dependent protease is a mediator between Ca(2+) elevation and endocytic vacuole formation.
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Molinari G. Is hydrogen ion (H(+)) the real second messenger in calcium signalling? Cell Signal 2015; 27:1392-7. [PMID: 25843778 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Most second messengers have the acknowledged ability to mobilize the segregated Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, although the mechanisms of mobilization are unclear. To study this problem, the fact that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, and six other known endogenous Ca(2+) mobilizers are acids, or acid-generating compounds, is highlighted. In physiological conditions, a newly generated acid releases H(+). The transient rise of H(+) in the cytosol may induce the lowering of pH, mobilization of bound Ca(2+), protein conformational rearrangement, store depletion, and Ca(2+) influx. Accordingly, a new description of the basic mechanism for signal transduction in non-excitable cells and the related consequences is put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Molinari
- Biochemical Specialist at Molinari Giuliano, Via Agrigento 56, 37138 Verona Italy.
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Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Repair Necrotic Pancreatic Tissue and Promote Angiogenesis by Secreting Cellular Growth Factors Involved in the SDF-1 α /CXCR4 Axis in Rats. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:306836. [PMID: 25810724 PMCID: PMC4355908 DOI: 10.1155/2015/306836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP), a common acute abdominal disease, 10%-20% of which can evolve into severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), is of significant morbidity and mortality. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been reported to have a potential therapeutic role on SAP, but the specific mechanism is unclear. Therefore, we conducted this experiment to shed light on the probable mechanism. We validated that SDF-1α significantly stimulated the expressions of VEGF, ANG-1, HGF, TGF-β, and CXCR4 in BMSCs, which were inhibited by its receptor agonist, AMD3100. The capacities of proliferation, migration, and repair of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were enhanced by BMSCs supernatant. Meanwhile, BMSCs supernatant could also promote angiogenesis, especially after the stimulation with SDF-1α. In vivo, the migration of BMSCs was regulated by SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis. Moreover, transplanted BMSCs could significantly alleviate SAP, reduce the systematic inflammation (TNF-α↓, IL-1β↓, IL-6↓, IL-4↑, IL-10↑, and TGF-β↑), and promote tissue repair and angiogenesis (VEGF↑, ANG-1↑, HGF↑, TGF-β↑, and CD31↑), compared with the SAP and anti-CXCR4 groups. Taken together, the results showed that BMSCs ameliorated SAP and the SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis was involved in the repair and regeneration process.
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