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Divakaran S, Krawisz AK, Secemsky EA, Kant S. Sex and Racial Disparities in Peripheral Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:2099-2114. [PMID: 37706319 PMCID: PMC10615869 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown that women and racial and ethnic minority patients are at increased risk of developing lower extremity peripheral artery disease and suffering adverse outcomes from it, but a knowledge gap remains regarding the underlying causes of these increased risks. Both groups are more likely to be underdiagnosed, have poorly managed contributory comorbidities, and incur disparities in treatment and management postdiagnosis. Opportunities for improvement in the care of women and racial and ethnic minorities with peripheral artery disease include increased rates of screening, higher rates of clinical suspicion (particularly in the absence of typical symptoms of intermittent claudication), and more aggressive risk factor management before and after the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Divakaran
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna K Krawisz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Secemsky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shashi Kant
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Adoga JO, Channa ML, Nadar A. Type-2 diabetic rat heart: The effect of kolaviron on mTOR-1, P70S60K, PKC-α, NF-kB, SOD-2, NRF-2, eNOS, AKT-1, ACE, and P38 MAPK gene expression profile. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112736. [PMID: 35202911 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been established that genetic factors partially contribute to type-2 diabetes and vascular disease development. This study determined the effect of kolaviron on the expression profile of genes associated with the insulin signaling pathway and involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular functions, pro-survival and the apoptosis pathway in the heart of type-2 diabetic rats. After induction and confirmation of type-2 diabetes seven days after, the rats were treated with kolaviron for twenty-eight days before being euthanized. Organs were harvested and stored at - 80 °C in a biofreezer. Total RNA was extracted from the ventricle, reverse transcribed to cDNA followed by a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis of the expression of mTOR-1, P70S60K, PKC-α, NF-kB, SOD-2, NRF-2, eNOS, AKT-1, ACE, p38 MAPK and the reference gene (GAPDH), after which they were normalized/standardized. The results show an increase in the relative mRNA expression of mTOR/P70S60K/PKCα /P38MAPK/NF-KB/ACE and a decrease in the relative mRNA expression of NRF2/SOD/AKT/eNOS in the heart of the diabetic rats. Nevertheless, kolaviron modulated the expression profile of these genes, which suggest a therapeutic effect and target for vascular dysfunction and complications in type-2 diabetes through the activation of the NRF-2/AKT-1/eNOS signaling pathway and suppression of the NF-kB/PKC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey O Adoga
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa.
| | - Mahendra L Channa
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Anand Nadar
- Department of Physiology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4001, South Africa
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Martínez-Gascón LE, Ortiz MC, Galindo M, Sanchez JM, Sancho-Rodríguez N, Albaladejo-Otón MD, Rodríguez Mulero MD, Rodriguez F. Role of heme oxygenase in the regulation of the renal hemodynamics in a model of sex-dependent programmed hypertension by maternal diabetes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2022; 322:R181-R191. [PMID: 34984919 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00213.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine programming of cardiovascular and renal function occurs in diabetes because of the adverse maternal environment. Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and -2 (HO-2) exert vasodilatory and antioxidant actions, particularly in conditions of elevated HO-1 expression or deficient nitric oxide levels. We evaluated whether the activity of the heme-HO system is differentially regulated by oxidative stress in the female offspring of diabetic mothers, contributing to the improved cardiovascular function in comparison with males. Diabetes was induced in pregnant rats by a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg ip) in late gestation. Three-month-old male offspring from diabetic mothers (MODs) exhibited higher blood pressure (BP), higher renal vascular resistance (RVR), worse endothelium-dependent response to acetylcholine (ACH), and an increased constrictor response to phenylephrine (PHE) compared with those in age-matched female offspring of diabetic mothers (FODs), which were abolished by chronic tempol (1 mM) treatment. In anesthetized animals, stannous mesoporphyrin (SnMP; 40 µmol/kg iv) administration, to inhibit HO activity, increased RVR in FODs and reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in MODs, without altering these parameters in control animals. When compared with MODs, FODs showed lower nitrotirosyne levels and higher HO-1 protein expression in renal homogenates. Indeed, chronic treatment with tempol in MODs prevented elevations in nitrotyrosine levels and the acute renal hemodynamics response to SnMP. Then, maternal diabetes results in sex-specific hypertension and renal alterations associated with oxidative stress mainly in adult male offspring, which are reduced in the female offspring by elevation in HO-1 expression and lower oxidative stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia E Martínez-Gascón
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Clara Ortiz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Galindo
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - María Dolores Albaladejo-Otón
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Rodríguez Mulero
- Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital General Universitario Santa Lucía, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodriguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigaciòn Biomédica, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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Cui L, Zhao M, Zhang Z, Zhou W, Lv J, Hu J, Ma J, Fang M, Yang L, Magnussen CG, Xi B, Chen ZJ. Assessment of Cardiovascular Health of Children Ages 6 to 10 Years Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2132602. [PMID: 34735014 PMCID: PMC8569486 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.32602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been widely used for treatment of infertility and has brought millions of births worldwide. The health of offspring conceived by ART has been of much concern, and adverse cardiovascular health outcomes have been reported by previous studies. OBJECTIVE To assess the cardiovascular health of children conceived by ART. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study was conducted among participants recruited from November 2017 to February 2019. Participants were 382 children conceived by ART who were selected from a single reproductive center and 382 children who were naturally conceived, randomly selected from a primary school, and matched by sex, age, and maternal age at the child's birth (2 years older or younger). Data were analyzed from March 2019 through December 2019. EXPOSURES Conception by ART. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Blood pressure was measured, and echocardiography was performed to determine left ventricular structural and functional parameters. Adjusted relative wall thickness (aRWT) was found for age, with high RWT defined as an aRWT of 0.375 or more. RESULTS Among 764 children aged 6 to 10 years, 382 children were conceived by ART (mean [SD] age, 7.20 [1.21] years; 201 [52.6%] boys) and 382 children were naturally conceived (mean [SD] age, 7.20 [1.21] years; 201 [52.6%] boys). Children conceived by ART had statistically significantly increased mean (SD) height (130.2 [9.5] cm vs 128.5 [8.1] cm; P = .007) and body mass index (17.6 [3.6] vs 17.1 [2.7]; P = .03). Those conceived by ART, compared with children in the matched control group, had statistically significantly increased blood pressure (mean [SD] systolic blood pressure, 105.5 [6.9] mm Hg vs 103.5 [8.4] mm Hg; adjusted P < .001; mean [SD] diastolic blood pressure, 67.2 [5.6] mm Hg vs 62.2 [6.3] mm Hg ; adjusted P < .001), left ventricular systolic dysfunction (mean [SD] left ventricular ejection fraction, 64.61% [3.20%] vs 66.70% [3.89%]; adjusted P < .001), and diastolic dysfunction (mean [SD] early/late mitral/tricuspid diastolic velocities ratio, 1.66 [0.28] vs 2.21 [0.36]; adjusted P < .001). They also had statistically significantly increased parameters of left ventricular structure, including mean (SD) left ventricular mass index (31.97 [5.04] g/m2.7 vs 28.28 [3.54] g/m2.7; adjusted P < .001) and RWT (3.30 [0.41] mm vs 2.98 [0.14] mm; adjusted P < .001). Additionally, children conceived by ART had statistically significantly increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (9 children [2.4%] vs 2 children [0.5%]; P = .03), high RWT (61 children [16.0%] vs 0 children; P < .001), and left ventricle remodeling patterns, including concentric remodeling (60 children [15.7%] vs 0 children), eccentric hypertrophy (8 children [2.1%] vs 2 children [0.5%]), and concentric hypertrophy (1 child [0.3%] vs 0 children) (P for left ventricle remodeling < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that children conceived by ART had increased blood pressure and unfavorable changes in left ventricular structure and function compared with children who were naturally conceived. These findings suggest that further studies are needed to investigate the potential mechanisms and long-term outcomes associated with these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Cui
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jianan Lv
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingmei Hu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinlong Ma
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Fang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Children Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bo Xi
- Children Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Cheeloo Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
- National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, China
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Gambardella J, Khondkar W, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G, Trimarco V. Arginine and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080277. [PMID: 32781796 PMCID: PMC7460461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (L-arginine), is an amino acid involved in a number of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of proteins, host immune response, urea cycle, and nitric oxide production. In this systematic review, we focus on the functional role of arginine in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone. Both clinical and preclinical studies are examined, analyzing the effects of arginine supplementation in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aging, peripheral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Wafiq Khondkar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Yang H, Kuhn C, Kolben T, Ma Z, Lin P, Mahner S, Jeschke U, von Schönfeldt V. Early Life Oxidative Stress and Long-Lasting Cardiovascular Effects on Offspring Conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technologies: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155175. [PMID: 32707756 PMCID: PMC7432066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has rapidly developed and is now widely practised worldwide. Both the characteristics of ART (handling gametes/embryos in vitro) and the infertility backgrounds of ART parents (such as infertility diseases and unfavourable lifestyles or diets) could cause increased oxidative stress (OS) that may exert adverse influences on gametogenesis, fertilisation, and foetation, even causing a long-lasting influence on the offspring. For these reasons, the safety of ART needs to be closely examined. In this review, from an ART safety standpoint, the origins of OS are reviewed, and the long-lasting cardiovascular effects and potential mechanisms of OS on the offspring are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Christina Kuhn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kolben
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Zhi Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Sven Mahner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
| | - Udo Jeschke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Augsburg, 86156 Augsburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)821-400-165505
| | - Viktoria von Schönfeldt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; (H.Y.); (C.K.); (T.K.); (Z.M.); (P.L.); (S.M.); (V.v.S.)
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Barbosa SDS, Mello APDFAC, Nogueira VDO, da Silva IF, de Melo PED, dos Santos CR, Costa‐Silva JHD, Araújo AV. Consumption of a high‐fat diet does not potentiate the deleterious effects on lipid and protein levels and body development in rats subjected to maternal protein restriction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:412-421. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sávio dos Santos Barbosa
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | | | - Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | - Ially Fabiane da Silva
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Renato dos Santos
- Nucleus of Public Health Centro Acadêmico de Vitória Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | - João Henrique da Costa‐Silva
- Nucleus of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
| | - Alice Valença Araújo
- Nucleus of Public Health Centro Acadêmico de Vitória Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE) Vitória de Santo Antão Brazil
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Güven D, Altunkaynak BZ, Altun G, Alkan I, Kocak İ. Histomorphometric changes in the placenta and umbilical cord during complications of pregnancy. Biotech Histochem 2018; 93:198-210. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2017.1410993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D Güven
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - BZ Altunkaynak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Okan University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - G Altun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - I Alkan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - İ Kocak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
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Kander MC, Cui Y, Liu Z. Gender difference in oxidative stress: a new look at the mechanisms for cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:1024-1032. [PMID: 27957792 PMCID: PMC5387169 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender differences are present in many diseases and are especially prevalent in cardiovascular disease. Males tend to suffer from myocardial infarctions earlier than females, and a woman's risk of cardiovascular disease increases after menopause, suggesting a cardio-protective role of estrogen. However, hormone replacement therapy did not decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women; thus, other mechanisms may be involved besides estrogen. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease. Gender is also associated with differences in oxidative stress. Under physiological conditions, females appear to be less susceptible to oxidative stress. This may be due to the antioxidant properties of estrogen, gender differences in NADPH-oxidase activity or other mechanism(s) yet to be defined. This review strives to discuss gender differences in general terms followed by a more detailed examination of gender differences with oxidative stress and various associated diseases and the possible mechanisms underlying these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Christine Kander
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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11
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Mann GE. Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle ageing: consequences for longevity. J Physiol 2016; 594:1961-3. [PMID: 27079628 PMCID: PMC4933101 DOI: 10.1113/jp270578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Mann
- Cardiovascular Division, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life & Health Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
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Morton JS, Cooke CL, Davidge ST. In Utero Origins of Hypertension: Mechanisms and Targets for Therapy. Physiol Rev 2016; 96:549-603. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The developmental origins of health and disease theory is based on evidence that a suboptimal environment during fetal and neonatal development can significantly impact the evolution of adult-onset disease. Abundant evidence exists that a compromised prenatal (and early postnatal) environment leads to an increased risk of hypertension later in life. Hypertension is a silent, chronic, and progressive disease defined by elevated blood pressure (>140/90 mmHg) and is strongly correlated with cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. The pathophysiological mechanisms, however, are complex and poorly understood, and hypertension continues to be one of the most resilient health problems in modern society. Research into the programming of hypertension has proposed pharmacological treatment strategies to reverse and/or prevent disease. In addition, modifications to the lifestyle of pregnant women might impart far-reaching benefits to the health of their children. As more information is discovered, more successful management of hypertension can be expected to follow; however, while pregnancy complications such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, preterm birth, etc., continue to occur, their offspring will be at increased risk for hypertension. This article reviews the current knowledge surrounding the developmental origins of hypertension, with a focus on mechanistic pathways and targets for therapeutic and pharmacologic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude S. Morton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Christy-Lynn Cooke
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Sandra T. Davidge
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada; and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Edmonton, Canada
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Breton CV, Gao L, Yao J, Siegmund KD, Lurmann F, Gilliland F. Particulate matter, the newborn methylome, and cardio-respiratory health outcomes in childhood. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw005. [PMID: 29492287 PMCID: PMC5804519 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution is associated with adverse health outcomes including cardio-respiratory diseases. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation may play a role in driving such associations. We investigated the effects of prenatal particulate matter (PM) exposure on DNA methylation of 178,309 promoter regions in 240 newborns using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip, using a generalized linear regression model with a quasi-binomial link family, adjusted for gender, plate, and cell types. PM-associated CpG loci were then investigated for their associations with childhood asthma, carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and blood pressure (BP) using logistic or linear regression. Thirty-one loci were associated with either PM10 or PM2.5 using FDR-corrected p-values of less than 0.15. Two loci were evaluated for replication in a separate population of 280 Children's Health Study (CHS) subjects using Pyrosequencing, of which one successfully replicated (COLEC11 cg03579365). Three of the 31 loci were also associated with physician-diagnosed asthma at 6 years old, two were associated with CIMT and one with systolic BP at 10 years old. A higher methylation level in TM9SF2 (cg02015529) and UBE2S (cg00035623), respectively, was associated with a 2SD increase in prenatal PM and was also associated with 36% and 98% increased odds of asthma; whereas methylation of TDRD6 (cg22329831) was negatively associated with PM and a 24% decreased odds of asthma. Prenatal PM exposure was associated with altered DNA methylation in newborn blood in a small number of gene promoters, some of which were also associated with cardio-respiratory health outcomes later in childhood. Keywords: methylation, particulate matter, air pollution, asthma, cardiovascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie V. Breton
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- *Correspondence address: Carrie Breton, ScD., Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 2001 N. Soto Street, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA. Tel: +1 (323) 442-7383; Fax: +1 (323) 442-3272; E-mail:
| | - Lu Gao
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jin Yao
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Siegmund
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology Inc, 1455 N. McDowell Blvd, Suite D, Petaluma, CA 94954-6503, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- University of Southern California, Dept of Preventive Medicine, 2001 N Soto St, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Sferruzzi-Perri AN, Camm EJ. The Programming Power of the Placenta. Front Physiol 2016; 7:33. [PMID: 27014074 PMCID: PMC4789467 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Size at birth is a critical determinant of life expectancy, and is dependent primarily on the placental supply of nutrients. However, the placenta is not just a passive organ for the materno-fetal transfer of nutrients and oxygen. Studies show that the placenta can adapt morphologically and functionally to optimize substrate supply, and thus fetal growth, under adverse intrauterine conditions. These adaptations help meet the fetal drive for growth, and their effectiveness will determine the amount and relative proportions of specific metabolic substrates supplied to the fetus at different stages of development. This flow of nutrients will ultimately program physiological systems at the gene, cell, tissue, organ, and system levels, and inadequacies can cause permanent structural and functional changes that lead to overt disease, particularly with increasing age. This review examines the environmental regulation of the placental phenotype with particular emphasis on the impact of maternal nutritional challenges and oxygen scarcity in mice, rats and guinea pigs. It also focuses on the effects of such conditions on fetal growth and the developmental programming of disease postnatally. A challenge for future research is to link placental structure and function with clinical phenotypes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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Long Lasting Microvascular Tone Alteration in Rat Offspring Exposed In Utero to Maternal Hyperglycaemia. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146830. [PMID: 26756337 PMCID: PMC4710502 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that cardiovascular risk is not only determined by conventional risk factors in adulthood, but also by early life events which may reprogram vascular function. To evaluate the effect of maternal diabetes on fetal programming of vascular tone in offspring and its evolution during adulthood, we investigated vascular reactivity of third order mesenteric arteries from diabetic mother offspring (DMO) and control mother offspring (CMO) aged 3 and 18 months. In arteries isolated from DMO the relaxation induced by prostacyclin analogues was reduced in both 3- and 18-month old animals although endothelium (acetylcholine)-mediated relaxation was reduced in 18-month old DMO only. Endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside) relaxation was not affected. Pressure-induced myogenic tone, which controls local blood flow, was reduced in 18-month old CMO compared to 3-month old CMO. Interestingly, myogenic tone was maintained at a high level in 18-month old DMO even though agonist-induced vasoconstriction was not altered. These perturbations, in 18-months old DMO rats, were associated with an increased pMLC/MLC, pPKA/PKA ratio and an activated RhoA protein. Thus, we highlighted perturbations in the reactivity of resistance mesenteric arteries in DMO, at as early as 3 months of age, followed by the maintenance of high myogenic tone in older rats. These modifications are in favour of excessive vasoconstrictor tone. These results evidenced a fetal programming of vascular functions of resistance arteries in adult rats exposed in utero to maternal diabetes, which could explain a re-setting of vascular functions and, at least in part, the occurrence of hypertension later in life.
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Ávila JGO, Echeverri I, de Plata CA, Castillo A. Impact of oxidative stress during pregnancy on fetal epigenetic patterns and early origin of vascular diseases. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:12-21. [PMID: 26024054 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have led scientists to postulate the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and obesity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of these diseases are not well understood. In various animal models, it has been observed that oxidative stress during pregnancy is associated with the early development of endothelial dysfunction in offspring. This phenomenon suggests that endothelial dysfunction may initiate in the uterus and could lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Currently, it is known that many of the fetal adaptive responses to environmental factors are mediated by epigenetic changes in the genome, especially by the degree of methylation in cytosines in the promoter regions of genes. These findings suggest that the establishment of a particular epigenetic pattern in the genome may be generated by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Guillermo Ortega Ávila
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Isabella Echeverri
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Cecilia Aguilar de Plata
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Andrés Castillo
- J.G. Ortega Ávila is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, Research Group on Basic and Clinical Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Cali, Colombia. I. Echeverri is with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia and the Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. C. Aguilar de Plata and A. Castillo are with the Department of Physiological Sciences, Nutrition Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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Jiang YZ, Manduchi E, Stoeckert CJ, Davies PF. Arterial endothelial methylome: differential DNA methylation in athero-susceptible disturbed flow regions in vivo. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:506. [PMID: 26148682 PMCID: PMC4492093 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is a heterogeneously distributed disease of arteries in which the endothelium plays an important central role. Spatial transcriptome profiling of endothelium in pre-lesional arteries has demonstrated differential phenotypes primed for athero-susceptibility at hemodynamic sites associated with disturbed blood flow. DNA methylation is a powerful epigenetic regulator of endothelial transcription recently associated with flow characteristics. We investigated differential DNA methylation in flow region-specific aortic endothelial cells in vivo in adult domestic male and female swine. RESULTS Genome-wide DNA methylation was profiled in endothelial cells (EC) isolated from two robust locations of differing patho-susceptibility:--an athero-susceptible site located at the inner curvature of the aortic arch (AA) and an athero-protected region in the descending thoracic (DT) aorta. Complete methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq) identified over 5500 endothelial differentially methylated regions (DMRs). DMR density was significantly enriched in exons and 5'UTR sequences of annotated genes, 60 of which are linked to cardiovascular disease. The set of DMR-associated genes was enriched in transcriptional regulation, pattern specification HOX loci, oxidative stress and the ER stress adaptive pathway, all categories linked to athero-susceptible endothelium. Examination of the relationship between DMR and mRNA in HOXA genes demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between CpG island promoter methylation and gene expression. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) confirmed differential CpG methylation of HOXA genes, the ER stress gene ATF4, inflammatory regulator microRNA-10a and ARHGAP25 that encodes a negative regulator of Rho GTPases involved in cytoskeleton remodeling. Gender-specific DMRs associated with ciliogenesis that may be linked to defects in cilia development were also identified in AA DMRs. CONCLUSIONS An endothelial methylome analysis identifies epigenetic DMR characteristics associated with transcriptional regulation in regions of atherosusceptibility in swine aorta in vivo. The data represent the first methylome blueprint for spatio-temporal analyses of lesion susceptibility predisposing to endothelial dysfunction in complex flow environments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Institute for Medicine & Engineering, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Building, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Elisabetta Manduchi
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Christian J Stoeckert
- Department of Genetics and Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Peter F Davies
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine and Institute for Medicine & Engineering, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 1010 Vagelos Building, 3340 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Andri Wihastuti T, Sargowo D, Heriansyah T, Eka Aziza Y, Puspitarini D, Nur Iwana A, Astrida Evitasari L. The reduction of aorta histopathological images through inhibition of reactive oxygen species formation in hypercholesterolemia rattus norvegicus treated with polysaccharide peptide of Ganoderma lucidum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:514-9. [PMID: 26124939 PMCID: PMC4475661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis is chronic inflammatory process triggered by oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can increase hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, which induce atherosclerosis through the processes such as formation of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), foam cells, and atherosclerotic plaque. Antioxidant is needed to control negative effects of oxidative stress. One source of antioxidant, which has potential to be developed, is PsP from Ganoderma lucidum. This study aims to prove the effect of PsP in decreasing H2O2, PVAT, foam cells and atherosclerotic plaque. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was experimental randomized post-test with control group design using 25 Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups (negative control, positive control, and 3 high-fat diet group with PsP dose: 50, 150, 300 mg/kgBW). Measured parameters were H2O2, PVAT, foam cell, and atherosclerotic plaques. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, followed by post hoc test. RESULTS Mean H2O2 levels, PVAT thickness, foam cell numbers, and atherosclerotic plaque were low in negative control group. ANOVA showed that PsP significantly (P<0.05) reduced H2O2 levels, PVAT thickness, foam cells numbers and atherosclerotic plaque width. CONCLUSION PsP dose of 300 mg/kgBW has the most significant effect in decreasing H2O2 levels, PVAT thickness, number of foam cells, and atherosclerotic plaque width. Based on the results of this research, PsP can be recommended as antioxidant to control pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titin Andri Wihastuti
- Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia,*Corresponding author: Titin Andri Wihastuti. Department of Biomedical, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang-Indonesia. Tel: +6281805101827; Fax: +62341-5647555;
| | - Djanggan Sargowo
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Teuku Heriansyah
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Aceh, Indonesia
| | - Yasmin Eka Aziza
- Bachelor Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Dyah Puspitarini
- Bachelor Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Amalina Nur Iwana
- Bachelor Programme, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia
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Gómez-Zamudio JH, García-Macedo R, Lázaro-Suárez M, Ibarra-Barajas M, Kumate J, Cruz M. Vascular endothelial function is improved by oral glycine treatment in aged rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:465-73. [PMID: 25988540 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Glycine has been used to reduce oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators in some metabolic disorders; however, its effect on the vasculature has been poorly studied. The aim of this work was to explore the effect of glycine on endothelial dysfunction in aged rats. Aortic rings with intact or denuded endothelium were obtained from untreated or glycine-treated male Sprague-Dawley rats at 5 and 15 months of age. Concentration-response curves to phenylephrine (PHE) were obtained from aortic rings incubated with N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), superoxide dismutase (SOD), indomethacin, SC-560, and NS-398. Aortic mRNA expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin-1 β was measured by real time RT-PCR. The endothelial modulation of the contraction by PHE was decreased in aortic rings from aged rats. Glycine treatment improved this modulator effect and increased relaxation to acetylcholine. Glycine augmented the sensitivity for PHE in the presence of l-NAME and SOD. It also reduced the contraction by incubation with indomethacin, SC-560, and NS-398. Glycine increased the mRNA expression of eNOS and decreased the expression of COX-2 and TNF-α. Glycine improved the endothelium function in aged rats possibly by enhancing eNOS expression and reducing the role of superoxide anion and contractile prostanoids that increase the nitric oxide bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime H Gómez-Zamudio
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Distrito Federal, México
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Hanson MA, Gluckman PD. Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1027-76. [PMID: 25287859 PMCID: PMC4187033 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 717] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological processes associated with chronic, especially noncommunicable, disease (NCD). This field is recognized as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We discuss the extent to which DOHaD represents the result of the physiological processes of developmental plasticity, which may have potential adverse consequences in terms of NCD risk later, or whether it is the manifestation of pathophysiological processes acting in early life but only becoming apparent as disease later. We argue that the evidence suggests the former, through the operation of conditioning processes induced across the normal range of developmental environments, and we summarize current knowledge of the physiological processes involved. The adaptive pathway to later risk accords with current concepts in evolutionary developmental biology, especially those concerning parental effects. Outside the normal range, effects on development can result in nonadaptive processes, and we review their underlying mechanisms and consequences. New concepts concerning the underlying epigenetic and other mechanisms involved in both disruptive and nondisruptive pathways to disease are reviewed, including the evidence for transgenerational passage of risk from both maternal and paternal lines. These concepts have wider implications for understanding the causes and possible prevention of NCDs such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, for broader social policy and for the increasing attention paid in public health to the lifecourse approach to NCD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P D Gluckman
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Maia AR, Batista TM, Victorio JA, Clerici SP, Delbin MA, Carneiro EM, Davel AP. Taurine supplementation reduces blood pressure and prevents endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in post-weaning protein-restricted rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105851. [PMID: 25170895 PMCID: PMC4149434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid that exerts protective effects on vascular function and structure in several models of cardiovascular diseases through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Early protein malnutrition reprograms the cardiovascular system and is linked to hypertension in adulthood. This study assessed the effects of taurine supplementation in vascular alterations induced by protein restriction in post-weaning rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats were fed normal- (12%, NP) or low-protein (6%, LP) diets for 90 days. Half of the NP and LP rats concomitantly received 2.5% taurine supplementation in the drinking water (NPT and LPT, respectively). LP rats showed elevated systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure versus NP rats; taurine supplementation partially prevented this increase. There was a reduced relaxation response to acetylcholine in isolated thoracic aortic rings from the LP group that was reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or apocynin incubation. Protein expression of p47phox NADPH oxidase subunit was enhanced, whereas extracellular (EC)-SOD and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation at Ser 1177 (p-eNOS) were reduced in aortas from LP rats. Furthermore, ROS production was enhanced while acetylcholine-induced NO release was reduced in aortas from the LP group. Taurine supplementation improved the relaxation response to acetylcholine and eNOS-derived NO production, increased EC-SOD and p-eNOS protein expression, as well as reduced ROS generation and p47phox expression in the aortas from LPT rats. LP rats showed an increased aortic wall/lumen ratio and taurine prevented this remodeling through a reduction in wall media thickness. CONCLUSION Our data indicate a protective role of taurine supplementation on the high blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling induced by post-weaning protein restriction. The beneficial vascular effect of taurine was associated with restoration of vascular redox homeostasis and improvement of NO bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R Maia
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Batista
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamaira A Victorio
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stefano P Clerici
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria A Delbin
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Everardo M Carneiro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana P Davel
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Watkins AJ, Sinclair KD. Paternal low protein diet affects adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic function in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1444-52. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00981.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although the association between maternal periconceptional diet and adult offspring health is well characterised, our understanding of the impact of paternal nutrition at the time of conception on offspring phenotype remains poorly defined. Therefore, we determined the effect of a paternal preconception low protein diet (LPD) on adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic health in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either normal protein diet (NPD; 18% casein) or LPD (9% casein) for 7 wk before mating. At birth, a reduced male-to-female ratio ( P = 0.03) and increased male offspring weight ( P = 0.009) were observed in litters from LPD compared with NPD stud males with no differences in mean litter size. LPD offspring were heavier than NPD offspring at 2 and 3 wk of age ( P < 0.02). However, no subsequent differences in body weight were observed. Adult male offspring derived from LPD studs developed relative hypotension (decreased by 9.2 mmHg) and elevated heart rate ( P < 0.05), whereas both male and female offspring displayed vascular dysfunction and impaired glucose tolerance relative to NPD offspring. At cull (24 wk), LPD males had elevated adiposity ( P = 0.04), reduced heart-to-body weight ratio ( P = 0.04), and elevated circulating TNF-α levels ( P = 0.015) compared with NPD males. Transcript expression in offspring heart and liver tissue was reduced for genes involved in calcium signaling ( Adcy, Plcb, Prkcb) and metabolism ( Fto) in LPD offspring ( P < 0.03). These novel data reveal the impact of suboptimal paternal nutrition on adult offspring cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis, and provide some insight into the underlying regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Watkins
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK; and
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kevin D. Sinclair
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK; and
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Pike KC, Davis SA, Collins SA, Lucas JSA, Inskip HM, Wilson SJ, Thomas ER, Wain HA, Keskiväli-Bond PHM, Cooper C, Godfrey KM, Torrens C, Roberts G, Holloway JW. Prenatal development is linked to bronchial reactivity: epidemiological and animal model evidence. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4705. [PMID: 24740086 PMCID: PMC3989559 DOI: 10.1038/srep04705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cardiorespiratory disease is associated with low birthweight suggesting the importance of the developmental environment. Prenatal factors affecting fetal growth are believed important, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The influence of developmental programming on bronchial hyperreactivity is investigated in an animal model and evidence for comparable associations is sought in humans. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either control or protein-restricted diets throughout pregnancy. Bronchoconstrictor responses were recorded from offspring bronchial segments. Morphometric analysis of paraffin-embedded lung sections was conducted. In a human mother-child cohort ultrasound measurements of fetal growth were related to bronchial hyperreactivity, measured at age six years using methacholine. Protein-restricted rats' offspring demonstrated greater bronchoconstriction than controls. Airway structure was not altered. Children with lesser abdominal circumference growth during 11–19 weeks' gestation had greater bronchial hyperreactivity than those with more rapid abdominal growth. Imbalanced maternal nutrition during pregnancy results in offspring bronchial hyperreactivity. Prenatal environmental influences might play a comparable role in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharine C Pike
- 1] Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit [3]
| | - Shelley A Davis
- 1] Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [3]
| | - Samuel A Collins
- Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Jane S A Lucas
- 1] Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit
| | - Hazel M Inskip
- 1] Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Susan J Wilson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Elin R Thomas
- Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Harris A Wain
- Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Piia H M Keskiväli-Bond
- Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Cyrus Cooper
- 1] Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK [3] Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- 1] Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK [3] Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher Torrens
- Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Roberts
- 1] Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [3] NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit [4]
| | - John W Holloway
- 1] Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [2] Human Developmental and Health Academic Unit, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK [3]
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de Bem GF, da Costa CA, de Oliveira PRB, Cordeiro VSC, Santos IB, de Carvalho LCRM, Souza MAV, Ognibene DT, Daleprane JB, Sousa PJC, Resende AC, de Moura RS. Protective effect of Euterpe oleracea Mart (açaí) extract on programmed changes in the adult rat offspring caused by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2014; 66:1328-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
This study examined the effect of açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed extract (ASE) on cardiovascular and renal alterations in adult offspring, whose mothers were fed a low-protein (LP) diet during pregnancy.
Methods
Four groups of rats were fed: control diet (20% protein); ASE (200 mg/kg per day); and LP (6% protein); LP + ASE (6% protein + ASE) during pregnancy. After weaning, all male offspring were fed a control diet and sacrificed at 4 months old. We evaluated the blood pressure, vascular function, serum and urinary parameters, plasma and kidney oxidative damage, and antioxidant activity and renal structural changes.
Key findings
Hypertension and the reduced acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the LP group were prevented by ASE. Serum levels of urea, creatinine and fractional excretion of sodium were increased in LP and reduced in LP + ASE. ASE improved nitrite levels and the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity in LP, with a corresponding decrease of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. Kidney volume and glomeruli number were reduced and glomerular volume was increased in LP. These renal alterations were prevented by ASE.
Conclusions
Treatment of protein-restricted dams with ASE provides protection from later-life hypertension, oxidative stress, renal functional and structural changes, probably through a vasodilator and antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziele Freitas de Bem
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Aguiar da Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Izabelle Barcellos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Dayane Texeira Ognibene
- Department of Basic and Experimental Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Angela Castro Resende
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Roberto Soares de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Musa MG, Torrens C, Clough GF. The microvasculature: a target for nutritional programming and later risk of cardio-metabolic disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 210:31-45. [PMID: 23758932 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that microvascular deficits affecting multiple tissues and organs play an important role in the aetiopathogenesis of cardio-metabolic disease. Furthermore, both in humans and animal models, deficits in small vessel structure and function can be detected early, often before the onset of macrovascular disease and the development of end-organ damage that is common to hypertension and obesity-associated clinical disorders. This article considers the growing evidence for the negative impact of an adverse maternal diet on the long-term health of her child, and how this can result in a disadvantageous vascular phenotype that extends to the microvascular bed. We describe how structural and functional modifications in the offspring microcirculation during development may represent an important and additional risk determinant to increase susceptibility to the development of cardio-metabolic disease in adult life and consider the cell-signalling pathways associated with endothelial dysfunction that may be 'primed' by the maternal environment. Published studies were identified that reported outcomes related to the microcirculation, endothelium, maternal diet and vascular programming using NCBI PubMed.gov, MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science databases from 1980 until April 2013 using pre-specified search terms. Information extracted from over 230 original reports and review articles was critically evaluated by the authors for inclusion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Musa
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - C. Torrens
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
| | - G. F. Clough
- Vascular Research Group; Human Development and Health; Faculty of Medicine; University of Southampton; Southampton UK
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Bahls M, Sheldon RD, Taheripour P, Clifford KA, Foust KB, Breslin ED, Marchant-Forde JN, Cabot RA, Harold Laughlin M, Bidwell CA, Newcomer SC. Mother's exercise during pregnancy programmes vasomotor function in adult offspring. Exp Physiol 2013; 99:205-19. [PMID: 24163423 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.075978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intrauterine environment is influenced by maternal behaviour and programmes atherosclerotic disease susceptibility in offspring. The aim of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that mothers' exercise during pregnancy improves endothelial function in 3-, 5- and 9-month-old porcine offspring. The pregnant sows in the exercise group ran for an average of 39.35 ± 0.75 min at 4.81 ± 0.35 km h(-1) each day for 5 days per week for all but the last week of gestation. This induced a significant reduction in resting heart rate (exercised group, 89.3 ± 3.5 beats min(-1); sedentary group, 102.1 ± 3.1 beats min(-1); P < 0.05) but no significant differences in gestational weight gain (65.8 ± 2.1 versus 63.3 ± 1.9%). No significant effect on bradykinin-induced vasorelaxation with and without l-NAME was observed. A significant main effect was identified on sodium nitroprusside-induced vasorelaxation (P = 0.01), manifested by a reduced response in femoral arteries of all age groups from exercised-trained swine. Nitric oxide signalling was not affected by maternal exercise. Protein expression of MYPT1 was reduced in femoral arteries from 3-month-old offspring of exercised animals. A significant interaction was observed for PPP1R14A (P < 0.05) transcript abundance and its protein product CPI-17. In conclusion, pregnant swine are able to complete an exercise-training protocol that matches the current recommendations for pregnant women. Gestational exercise is a potent stimulus for programming vascular smooth muscle relaxation in adult offspring. Specifically, exercise training for the finite duration of pregnancy decreases vascular smooth muscle responsiveness in adult offspring to an exogenous nitric oxide donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Bahls
- S. C. Newcomer: Department of Kinesiology, California State University San Marcos, 333 South Twin Oaks Valley Road, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA.
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Intapad S, Alexander BT. Pregnancy Complications and Later Development of Hypertension. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2013; 7:183-189. [PMID: 23914279 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-013-0303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia and diabetes affect approximately 5 to 10 % of all pregnancies and compromise maternal and fetal health during gestation. Complications during pregnancy may also contribute to the development of hypertension and future cardiovascular risk in the mother. Moreover, fetal exposure to hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy can program hypertension and cardiovascular disease in the offspring. Transgenerational transmission of programmed cardiovascular risk highlights the importance of understanding the mechanisms that link complications during pregnancy with later hypertension in her offspring and subsequent generations. However, experimental studies are needed to investigate the cause and effect of increased blood pressure in the mother following a complicated pregnancy and provide insight into the development of preventative measures that may improve the long-term cardiovascular health of women and their offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suttira Intapad
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Women's Health Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216
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DuBois B, Pearson J, Hastings B, Mahmood T, Chan T, Alnakhli A, Cherala G. Maternal low-protein diet alters the expression of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction reference genes in an age-, sex-, and organ-dependent manner in rat offspring. Nutr Res 2013; 33:235-41. [PMID: 23507230 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 12/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Altered perinatal environment, often manifested as low birth weight, is thought to contribute to greater susceptibility for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes as a result of epigenetic modifications and alteration of transcriptional activity for key genes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction is a useful technique for the quantitative determination of differences in transcriptional activity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction data analyses require normalization of transcriptional activity of target genes to an endogenous control, usually a reference gene. In response to reports of altered expression of reference genes in various experimental models, we hypothesized that adverse perinatal environment alters reference gene expression. We examined the expression of the following reference genes in the offspring of a rodent maternal low-protein diet model: β-actin, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1, TATA-box-binding protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucuronidase-β in brain, heart, kidneys, and intestines. We found altered expression in brain, heart, and kidneys for each of the reference genes measured; these effects were age, organ, and sex dependent. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucuronidase-β were found to be the least affected by these variables, whereas hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 was the most inconsistent. Our findings underscore the importance of empirical determination of a reliable reference gene for real-time polymerase chain reaction studies in the low-protein diet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barent DuBois
- College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University/Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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30
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Interaction between maternal and offspring diet to impair vascular function and oxidative balance in high fat fed male mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50671. [PMID: 23227196 PMCID: PMC3515587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the impact of maternal and post-weaning consumption of a high fat diet on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and redox regulation in adult male mouse offspring. METHODS Female C57BL6J mice were fed an obesogenic high fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) or standard chow (C, 21% kcal fat) pre-conception and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Post-weaning, male offspring were continued on the same diet as their mothers or placed on the alternative diet to give 4 dietary groups (C/C, HF/C, C/HF and HF/HF) which were studied at 15 or 30 weeks of age. RESULTS There were significant effects of maternal diet on offspring body weight (p<0.004), systolic blood pressure (p = 0.026) and endothelium-dependent relaxation to ACh (p = 0.004) and NO production (p = 0.005) measured in the femoral artery. With control for maternal diet there was also an effect of offspring post-weaning dietary fat to increase systolic blood pressure (p<0.0001) and reduce endothelium-dependent relaxation (p = 0.022) and ACh-mediated NO production (p = 0.007). There was also a significant impact of age (p<0.005). Redox balance was perturbed, with altered regulation of vascular enzymes involved in ROS/NO signalling. CONCLUSIONS Maternal consumption of a HF diet is associated with changes in vascular function and oxidative balance in the offspring of similar magnitude to those seen with consumption of a high fat diet post-weaning. Further, this disadvantageous vascular phenotype is exacerbated by age to influence the risk of developing obesity, raised blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction in adult life.
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Pisaneschi S, Strigini FAL, Sanchez AM, Begliuomini S, Casarosa E, Ripoli A, Ghirri P, Boldrini A, Fink B, Genazzani AR, Coceani F, Simoncini T. Compensatory feto-placental upregulation of the nitric oxide system during fetal growth restriction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45294. [PMID: 23028913 PMCID: PMC3459972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fetal Growth Restriction is often associated with a feto-placental vascular dysfunction conceivably involving endothelial cells. Our study aimed to verify this pathogenic role for feto-placental endothelial cells and, coincidentally, demonstrate any abnormality in the nitric oxide system. Methods Prenatal assessment of feto-placental vascular function was combined with measurement of nitric oxide (in the form of S-nitrosohemoglobin) and its nitrite byproduct, and of the endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor asymmetric dimethylarginine. Umbilical vein endothelial cells were also harvested to determine their gene profile. The study comprised term pregnancies with normal (n = 40) or small-for-gestational-age (n = 20) newborns, small-for-gestational-age preterm pregnancies (n = 15), and bi-chorial, bi-amniotic twin pregnancies with discordant fetal growth (n = 12). Results Umbilical blood nitrite (p<0.001) and S-nitrosohemoglobin (p = 0.02) rose with fetal growth restriction while asymmetric dimethylarginine decreased (p = 0.003). Nitrite rise coincided with an abnormal Doppler profile from umbilical arteries. Fetal growth restriction umbilical vein endothelial cells produced more nitrite and also exhibited reciprocal changes in vasodilator (upwards) and vasoconstrictor (downwards) transcripts. Elevation in blood nitrite and S-nitrosohemoglobin persisted postnatally in the fetal growth restriction offspring. Conclusion Fetal growth restriction is typified by increased nitric oxide production during pregnancy and after birth. This response is viewed as an adaptative event to sustain placental blood flow. However, its occurrence may modify the endothelial phenotype and may ultimately represent an element of risk for cardiovascular disease in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Pisaneschi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca A. L. Strigini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angel M. Sanchez
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Begliuomini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Casarosa
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Ripoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Ghirri
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Boldrini
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Bruno Fink
- Noxygen Science Transfer and Diagnostics, Elzach, Germany
| | - Andrea R. Genazzani
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Flavio Coceani
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Simoncini
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Child Development, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Enwonwu CO, Salako N. The periodontal disease-systemic health-infectious disease axis in developing countries. Periodontol 2000 2012; 60:64-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0757.2012.00447.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Strakovsky RS, Pan YX. In utero oxidative stress epigenetically programs antioxidant defense capacity and adulthood diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:237-53. [PMID: 22035055 PMCID: PMC6918535 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Maternal health and diet during gestation are critical for predicting fetal outcomes, both immediately at birth and in adulthood. While epigenetic modifications have previously been tightly linked to carcinogenesis, recent advances in the field have suggested that numerous adulthood diseases, including those characteristic of metabolic syndrome, could be programmed in utero in response to maternal exposures, and these "programmable" diseases are associated with epigenetic modifications of vital genes. RECENT ADVANCES While little is currently known about the epigenetic regulation of the antioxidant (AOX) defense system, several studies in animals show that AOX defense capacity may be programmed in utero, making it likely that the critical genes involved in this pathway are epigenetically regulated, either by DNA methylation or by the modification of histone tails. CRITICAL ISSUES This article presents the most current knowledge of the in utero regulation of the AOX defense capacity, and will specifically focus on the potential epigenetic regulation of this system in response to various in utero exposures or stimuli. The ability to appropriately respond to oxidative stress is critical for the health and survival of any organism, and the potential programming of this capacity may provide a link between the in utero environment and the tendency of certain individuals to be more susceptible toward disease stimuli in their postnatal environments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We sincerely hope that future studies which result in a deeper understanding of the in utero programming of the epigenome will lead to novel and effective therapies for the treatment of epigenetically linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita S Strakovsky
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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Basu P, Qipshidze N, Sen U, Givvimani S, Munjal C, Mishra PK, Tyagi SC. Chronic hyperhomocysteinemia causes vascular remodelling by instigating vein phenotype in artery. Arch Physiol Biochem 2011; 117:270-82. [PMID: 21838575 PMCID: PMC3235642 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2011.599844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we tested the hypothesis whether hyperhomocysteinemia, an elevated homocysteine level, induces venous phenotype in artery. To test our hypothesis, we employed wild type (WT) and cystathionine β-synthase heterozygous (+/-) (CBS+/-) mice treatment with or without folic acid (FA). Aortic blood flow and velocity were significantly lower in CBS+/-mice compared to WT. Aortic lumen diameter was significantly decreased in CBS+/-mice, whereas FA treatment normalized it. Medial thickness and collagen were significantly increased in CBS+/-aorta, whereas elastin/collagen ratio was significantly decreased. Superoxide and gelatinase activity was significantly high in CBS+/-aorta vs WT. Western blot showed significant increase in MMP-2, -9,-12, TIMP-2 and decrease in TIMP-4 in aorta. RT-PCR revealed significant increase of vena cava marker EphB4, MMP-13 and TIMP-3 in aorta. We summarize that chronic HHcy causes vascular remodelling that transduces changes in vascular wall in a way that artery expresses vein phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Basu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky 40202, USA
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Lee BK, Kim Y. Relationship between blood manganese and blood pressure in the Korean general population according to KNHANES 2008. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:797-803. [PMID: 21601843 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We present data on the association of manganese (Mn) level with hypertension in a representative sample of the adult Korean population who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008. METHODS This study was based on the data obtained by KNHANES 2008, which was conducted for three years (2007-2009) using a rolling sampling design involving a complex, stratified, multistage, probability-cluster survey of a representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of South Korea. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis after controlling for covariates, including gender, age, regional area, education level, smoking, drinking status, hemoglobin, and serum creatinine, showed that the beta coefficients of log blood Mn were 3.514, 1.878, and 2.517 for diastolic blood pressure, and 3.593, 2.449, and 2.440 for systolic blood pressure in female, male, and all participants, respectively. Multiple regression analysis including three other blood metals, lead, mercury, and cadmium, revealed no significant effects of the three metals on blood pressure and showed no effect on the association between blood Mn and blood pressure. In addition, doubling the blood Mn increased the risk of hypertension 1.828, 1.573, and 1.567 fold in women, men, and all participants, respectively, after adjustment for covariates. The addition of blood lead, mercury, and cadmium as covariates did not affect the association between blood Mn and the prevalence of hypertension. CONCLUSION Blood Mn level was associated with an increased risk of hypertension in a representative sample of the Korean adult population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Kook Lee
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Soonchunhyang University 646 Eupnae-ri, Shinchang-myun, Asan-si, Choongnam 336-745, Republic of Korea
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Elevated vascular resistance and afterload reduce the cardiac output response to dobutamine in early growth-restricted rats in adulthood. Br J Nutr 2011; 106:1374-82. [PMID: 21736800 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511001784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have linked intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) with an increased risk of CVD later in life. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction on cardiac function in adulthood during dobutamine (DOB) stimulation. IUGR was induced in Wistar Kyoto dams through administration of a low-protein diet (LPD; 8.7 % casein) during pregnancy and lactation; the control group received a normal-protein diet (NPD; 20 % casein). At 14 weeks of age, cardiac function was assessed in male and female NPD (eight females and eight males) and LPD offspring (ten females and ten males) by pressure volumetry using an anaesthetised closed-chest approach. We determined mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate and left ventricular pressure-volume indices under baseline conditions and DOB stimulation (2 and 4 μg/kg per min). During β-adrenergic activation in LPD offspring, increases in cardiac output (CO, P < 0.018) and stroke volume (SV, P < 0.005) were attenuated in comparison with NPD offspring, while increases in ejection fraction and the maximal rate of ventricular pressure development were not affected. LPD females maintained a smaller end-diastolic volume (P < 0.017). MAP did not differ between the groups and did not change significantly during DOB infusion. Arterial elastance and total peripheral resistance decreased in all rats but remained significantly elevated in LPD offspring (P < 0.015 and < 0.01). Early growth restriction did not affect ventricular contractility but led to an increased afterload and impaired the ability to increase SV and CO during β-adrenergic stimulation.
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CLOUGH GERALDINEF, NORMAN MIKAEL. The Microcirculation: A Target for Developmental Priming. Microcirculation 2011; 18:286-97. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1549-8719.2011.00087.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maternal low-protein diet suppresses vascular and renal endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation in rat offspring independent of a postnatal fructose diet. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2011; 2:168-75. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174411000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ronco AM, Montenegro M, Castillo P, Urrutia M, Saez D, Hirsch S, Zepeda R, Llanos MN. Maternal exposure to cadmium during gestation perturbs the vascular system of the adult rat offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 251:137-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sturgeon KM, Fenty-Stewart NM, Diaz KM, Brinkley TE, Dowling TC, Brown MD. The relationship of oxidative stress and cholesterol with dipping status before and after aerobic exercise training. Blood Press 2010; 18:171-9. [PMID: 19544106 DOI: 10.1080/08037050903047160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic exercise training (AEXT) on dipping status in pre-hypertensive and stage-1 hypertensive individuals. A secondary purpose was to evaluate whether AEXT alters oxidative stress and endothelial biomarkers correlated to dipping status. METHODS Twenty-three subjects underwent 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at baseline and after 6 months of AEXT. AEXT consisted of training at 70% VO(2max) 3 days/week for 6 months. Total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), triglycerides, urinary and plasma nitric oxide end-products, superoxide dismutase and 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) were measured before and after AEXT. Statistically, ANOVA and linear regression were used. RESULTS Before and after AEXT, there were no significant differences between dippers and non-dippers in any of the biomarkers except for total cholesterol following AEXT. In a sub-analysis following AEXT, 14 subjects retained their original dipping status, five subjects changed from dippers to non-dippers and four subjects changed from non-dippers to dippers. Significant differences existed between these groups in changes in total and LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL, 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) and % Dip. CONCLUSIONS Changes in cholesterol levels but not oxidative stress or endothelial biomarkers were related to changes in BP variables following AEXT in dippers and non-dippers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Sturgeon
- Hypertension, Molecular and Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Effect of a low-protein diet during pregnancy on expression of genes involved in cardiac hypertrophy in fetal and adult mouse offspring. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2010; 1:371-5. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174410000541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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42
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Duong Van Huyen JP, Vessières E, Perret C, Troise A, Prince S, Guihot AL, Barbry P, Henrion D, Bruneval P, Laurent S, Lelièvre-Pégorier M, Fassot C. In utero exposure to maternal diabetes impairs vascular expression of prostacyclin receptor in rat offspring. Diabetes 2010; 59:2597-602. [PMID: 20622163 PMCID: PMC3279527 DOI: 10.2337/db10-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate modifications of arterial structure, gene expression, and function in our model of rats exposed to maternal diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Morphometric analyses of elastic vessels structure and determination of thoracic aortic gene expression profile with oligonucleotide chips (Agilent, G4130, 22k) were performed before the onset of established hypertension (3 months). RESULTS Arterial parameters of in situ fixed thoracic aorta were not significantly different between control mother offspring and diabetic mother offspring (DMO). The aortic gene expression profile of DMO is characterized by modifications of several members of the arachidonic acid metabolism including a twofold underexpression of prostacyclin receptor, which could contribute to decreased vasodilatation. This was confirmed by ex vivo experiments on isolated aortic rings. Pharmacological studies on conscious rats showed that systolic blood pressure decline in response to a PGI(2) analog was impaired in DMO rats. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest an abnormal vascular fetal programming of prostacyclin receptor in rats exposed in utero to maternal hyperglycemia that is associated with impaired vasodilatation and may be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Duong Van Huyen
- NSERM U872, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Universite's Pierre et Marie Curie et Paris-Descartes, Paris, France.
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Abstract
The vital role of the cardiovascular (CV) system is maintenance of body functions via the matching of exchange to tissue metabolic demand. Sex-specific differences in the regulatory mechanisms of CV function and the metabolic requirements of men and women, respectively, have been identified and appreciated. This review focuses on sex differences of parameters influencing exchange at the point of union between blood and tissue, the microvasculature. Microvascular architecture, blood pressure (hydrostatic and oncotic), and vascular permeability, therefore, are discussed in the specific context of sex in health and disorders. It is notable that when sex differences exist, they are generally subtle but significant. In the aggregate, though, they can give rise to profoundly different phenotypes. The postulated mechanisms responsible for sex differences are attributed to genomics, epigenetics, and sex hormones. Depending on specific circumstances, the effect of the combined factors can range from insignificant to lethal. Identifying and understanding key signalling mechanisms bridging genomics/sex hormones and microvascular exchange properties within the scope of this review holds significant promise for sex-specific prevention and treatment of vascular barrier dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia H Huxley
- National Center for Gender Physiology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Volk KA, Roghair RD, Jung F, Scholz TD, Lamb FS, Segar JL. Coronary endothelial function and vascular smooth muscle proliferation are programmed by early-gestation dexamethasone exposure in sheep. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R1607-14. [PMID: 20335378 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00824.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the early-gestation ovine fetus to exogenous glucocorticoids induces changes in postnatal cardiovascular physiology. We sought to characterize coronary artery vascular function in this model by elucidating the contribution of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species to altered coronary vascular reactivity and examining the proliferative potential of coronary artery vascular smooth muscle cells. Dexamethasone (dex, 0.28 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) for 48 h) was administered to pregnant ewes at 27-28-day gestation (term 145 days). Coronary arteries were isolated from 1- to 2-wk-old dex-exposed offspring and aged-matched controls. Compared with controls, coronary arteries from dex-exposed lambs demonstrated enhanced vasoconstriction to endothelin-1 and ACh that was abolished by endothelial removal or preincubation with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA, membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase + catalase, or apamin + charybdotoxin, but not indomethacin. The rate of coronary vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation was also significantly greater in dex-exposed lambs. Protein levels of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen were increased and alpha-smooth muscle actin decreased in dex-exposed coronary VSMC, consistent with a proliferative state. Finally, expression of the NADPH oxidase Nox 4, but not Nox 1, mRNA was also decreased in coronary VSMC from dex-exposed lambs. These findings suggest an important interaction exists between early-gestation glucocorticoid exposure and reactive oxygen species that is associated with alterations in endothelial function and coronary VSMC proliferation. These changes in coronary physiology are consistent with those associated with the development of atherosclerosis and may provide an important link between an adverse intrauterine environment and increased risk for coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Volk
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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Wang J, Bingaman S, Huxley VH. Intrinsic sex-specific differences in microvascular endothelial cell phosphodiesterases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H1146-54. [PMID: 20139324 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00252.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The importance of gonadal hormones in the regulation of vascular function has been documented. An alternate and essential contribution of the sex chromosomes to sex differences in vascular function is poorly understood. We reported previously sex differences in microvessel permeability (P(s)) responses to adenosine that were mediated by the cAMP signaling pathway (Wang J, PhD thesis, 2005; Wang J and Huxley V, Proceedings of the VIII World Congress of Microcirculation, 2007; Wang J and Huxley VH, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 291: H3094-H3105, 2006). The two cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, central to the regulation of vascular barrier integrity, are hydrolyzed by phosphodiesterases (PDE). We hypothesized that microvascular endothelial cells (EC) would retain intrinsic and inheritable sexually dimorphic genes with respect to the PDEs modulating EC barrier function. Primary cultured microvascular EC from skeletal muscles isolated from male and female rats, respectively, were used. SRY (a sex-determining region Y gene) mRNA expression was observed exclusively in male, not female, cells. The predominant isoform among PDE1-5, present in both XY and XX EC, was PDE4. Expression mRNA levels of PDE1A (male > female) and PDE3B (male < female) were sex dependent; PDE2A, PDE4D, and PDE5A were sex independent. Barrier function, P(s), was determined from measures of albumin flux across confluent primary cultured microvessel XY and XX EC monolayers. Consistent with intact in situ microvessels, basal monolayer P(s) did not differ between XY (1.7 +/- 0.2 x 10(-6) cm/s; n = 8) and XX (1.8 +/- 0.1 x 10(-6) cm/s; n = 10) EC. Cilostazol, a PDE3 inhibitor, reduced (11%, P < 0.05) P(s) in XX, not XY, cells. These findings demonstrate the presence and maintenance of intrinsic sex-related differences in gene expression and cellular phenotype by microvascular EC in a gonadal-hormone-free environment. Furthermore, intrinsic cell-sex likely contributes significantly to sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjie Wang
- Dept. of Biomedical Science, Missouri State Univ., Springfield, 65897, USA.
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Morton JS, Rueda-Clausen CF, Davidge ST. Mechanisms of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in male and female, young and aged offspring born growth restricted. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 298:R930-8. [PMID: 20053962 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00641.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that cardiovascular dysfunction in adult life may be programmed by compromised growth in utero. Aging is a risk factor for vascular endothelial-dependent dysfunction. After birth, the impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on normal aging mechanisms of vascular dysfunction is not known. We hypothesized that IUGR would cause changes in vascular function that would affect the mechanisms of endothelium-dependent vasodilation later in life in an age- or sex-dependent manner. To create an IUGR model, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a hypoxic (12% O(2)) or control (room air, 21% O(2)) environment from days 15 to 21 of the pregnancy, and both male and female offspring were investigated at 4 or 12 mo of age. Endothelial function was assessed in small mesenteric arteries using methacholine (MCh)-induced vasodilation in a wire myograph system. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins, and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) was assessed using the inhibitors N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride, meclofenamate, or a combination of apamin and TRAM-34 (SK(Ca) and IK(Ca) blockers), respectively. EDHF-induced vasodilation was further investigated by using inhibitors of P450 epoxygenases [N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl) hexanamide] and gap junctions (18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid). NO-mediated vasodilation was significantly reduced in aged controls and both young and aged IUGR females. EDHF-mediated vasodilation was maintained in all groups; however, an additional involvement of gap junctions was found in females exposed to hypoxia in utero, which may represent a compensatory mechanism. A change in the mechanisms of vasodilation occurring at an earlier age in IUGR offspring may predispose them to adult cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics, 232 Heritage Medical Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada
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Sugimoto R, Warabi E, Katayanagi S, Sakai S, Uwayama J, Yanagawa T, Watanabe A, Harada H, Kitamura K, Noguchi N, Yoshida H, Siow RCM, Mann GE, Ishii T. Enhanced neointimal hyperplasia and carotid artery remodelling in sequestosome 1 deficient mice. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:1546-54. [PMID: 19780870 PMCID: PMC3829020 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency in the signal adaptor protein sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1/A170/p62) in mice is associated with mature-onset obesity, accompanied by insulin and leptin resistance. We previously established that redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 up-regulates SQSTM1 expression in response to atherogenic stimuli or laminar shear stress in vascular cells, and here examine the role of SQSTM1 in neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodelling in vivo following carotid artery ligation. Neointimal hyperplasia was markedly enhanced at ligation sites after 3 weeks in SQSTM1(-/-) compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The intimal area and stenotic ratio were, respectively, 2.1- and 1.7-fold higher in SQSTM1(-/-) mice, indicating enhanced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). When aortic SMCs were isolated from WT and SQSTM1(-/-) mice and cultured in vitro, we found that SQSTM1(-/-) SMCs proliferated more rapidly in response to foetal calf serum (FCS) and attained 2-3-fold higher cell densities compared to WT SMCs. Moreover, migration of SQSTM1(-/-) SMCs was enhanced compared to WT SMCs. Early and late phases of p38(MAPK) activation in response to FCS stimulation were also more enhanced in SQSTM1(-/-) SMCs, and inhibitors of p38 and ERK1/2 signalling pathways significantly attenuated SMC proliferation. In summary, SQSTM1(-/-) mice exhibit enhanced neointimal hyperplasia and vascular remodelling following arterial ligation in vivo. The enhanced proliferation of SQSTM1(-/-) aortic SMCs in vitro highlights a novel role for SQSTM1 in suppressing smooth muscle proliferation following vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Sugimoto
- Majors of Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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48
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Abstract
1. We believe that the ultimate goal of cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms is not the regulation of arterial blood pressure (BP), but the maintenance of tissue blood flows commensurate with metabolic requirements. Thus, elevated BP can potentially contribute to optimizing tissue blood flows under select circumstances; for example, when there are primary defects in autoregulation of tissue blood flows. 2. The hypothesis that a primary defect in autoregulation of tissue blood flows may be responsible for the development of hypertension is presented. It is argued that, in this context, at least part of the rise in BP may be reflexly driven by a 'metaboreflex', a homeostatic mechanism acting to regulate tissue blood flows. 3. We argue that in the context of primary defects in autoregulation of tissue blood flows, the ability to generate and sustain a hypertensive phenotype increases the lifespan of species (i.e. if it were not for this adaptive hypertensive phenotype, death due to circulatory failure would occur much earlier). 4. Experimental and clinical evidence that indirectly supports the hypothesis is reviewed briefly and a means for testing this hypothesis is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Prakash
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia.
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Torrens C, Kelsall CJ, Hopkins LA, Anthony FW, Curzen NP, Hanson MA. Atorvastatin restores endothelial function in offspring of protein-restricted rats in a cholesterol-independent manner. Hypertension 2009; 53:661-7. [PMID: 19221211 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Maternal protein restriction in rats leads to endothelial dysfunction and decreased NO bioavailability in the offspring. Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are recognized to have pleiotropic actions including increasing NO bioavailability and reducing inflammation and oxidative damage. This study assessed statin treatment on vascular function in a model of endothelial dysfunction, which is independent of dyslipidemia. Wistar rats were fed a control (18% casein) or protein-restricted (9% casein) diet throughout pregnancy. At weaning, a subset of the protein-restricted group was given atorvastatin (10 mg/kg per day) in the drinking water. At 145 days of age, offspring were euthanized by CO(2) inhalation. Plasma samples were collected for markers of inflammation, vascular reactivity of the thoracic aorta, and small mesenteric arteries were assessed on the wire myograph, and tissues were snap frozen for molecular biology analysis. Thoracic aorta endothelial-dependent vasodilatation was attenuated in the male offspring from both protein-restricted groups compared with controls (P<0.05) but was similar in females (P value not significant). Endothelial-dependent dilatation of mesenteric arteries was attenuated in male and female protein-restricted offspring (P<0.05) and was corrected by atorvastatin. Maternal protein restriction increased plasma inflammatory markers granulocyte chemotactic protein, lipocalin-2, and beta(2)-microglobulin in male and C-reactive protein in female offspring (P<0.05). Atorvastatin had no effect on inflammatory markers in the males but restored C-reactive protein to control levels in the females (P<0.05). Aortic and mesenteric artery mRNA levels of endothelial NO synthase, superoxide dismutase 1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were unchanged. These data suggest that atorvastatin can restore endothelial function in this model, but its effects are gender specific and dependent on the vascular bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Torrens
- Vascular Biology Group, Institute of Developmental Sciences (887), University of Southampton, School of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Rd, Southampton S016 6YD, United Kingdom.
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50
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Joyner MJ. Endothelial dysfunction starting in utero: you are what your mother eats? J Physiol 2009; 586:4579. [PMID: 18827145 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2008.161661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Joyner
- Department of Anaesthesiology, The Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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