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Hinks A, Power GA. Age-related differences in the loss and recovery of serial sarcomere number following disuse atrophy in rats. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:18. [PMID: 39095894 PMCID: PMC11295870 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults exhibit a slower recovery of muscle mass following disuse atrophy than young adults. At a smaller scale, muscle fibre cross-sectional area (i.e., sarcomeres in parallel) exhibits this same pattern. Less is known, however, about age-related differences in the recovery of muscle fibre length, driven by increases in serial sarcomere number (SSN), following disuse. The purpose of this study was to investigate age-related differences in SSN adaptations and muscle mechanical function during and following muscle immobilization. We hypothesized that older adult rats would experience a similar magnitude of SSN loss during immobilization, however, take longer to recover SSN than young following cast removal, which would limit the recovery of muscle mechanical function. METHODS We casted the plantar flexors of young (8 months) and old (32 months) male rats in a shortened position for 2 weeks, and assessed recovery during 4 weeks of voluntary ambulation. Following sacrifice, legs were fixed in formalin for measurement of soleus SSN and physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) with the un-casted soleus acting as a control. Ultrasonographic measurements of pennation angle (PA) and muscle thickness (MT) were conducted weekly. In-vivo active and passive torque-angle relationships were constructed pre-cast, post-cast, and following 4 weeks of recovery. RESULTS From pre- to post-cast, young and older adult rats experienced similar decreases in SSN (-20%, P < 0.001), muscle wet weight (-25%, P < 0.001), MT (-30%), PA (-15%, P < 0.001), and maximum isometric torque (-40%, P < 0.001), but there was a greater increase in passive torque in older (+ 180%, P < 0.001) compared to young adult rats (+ 68%, P = 0.006). Following cast removal, young exhibited quicker recovery of SSN and MT than old, but SSN recovered sooner than PA and MT in both young and old. PCSA nearly recovered and active torque fully recovered in young adult rats, whereas in older adult rats these remained unrecovered at ∼ 75%. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that older adult rats retain a better ability to recover longitudinal compared to parallel muscle morphology following cast removal, making SSN a highly adaptable target for improving muscle function in elderly populations early on during rehabilitation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Sarcomeres/metabolism
- Sarcomeres/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging
- Aging
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/physiopathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/pathology
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/diagnostic imaging
- Muscular Disorders, Atrophic/etiology
- Recovery of Function
- Hindlimb Suspension/adverse effects
- Adaptation, Physiological
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Hinks
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey A Power
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, College of Biological Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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2
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Hansen SK, Hansen P, Nygaard H, Grønbæk HD, Berry TW, Olsen CM, Aagaard P, Hvid LG, Agergaard J, Dela F, Suetta C. Five days of bed rest in young and old adults: Retainment of skeletal muscle mass with neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16166. [PMID: 39155274 PMCID: PMC11330699 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The consequences of short-term disuse are well known, but effective countermeasures remain elusive. This study investigated the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) during 5 days of bed rest on retaining lower limb muscle mass and muscle function in healthy young and old participants. One leg received NMES of the quadriceps muscle (3 × 30min/day) (NMES), and the other served as a control (CON). Isometric quadriceps strength (MVC), rate of force development (RFD), lower limb lean mass, and muscle thickness were assessed pre-and post-intervention. Muscle thickness remained unaltered with NMES in young and increased in old following bed rest, while it decreased in CON legs. In old participants, mid-thigh lean mass (MTLM) was preserved with NMES while decreased in CON legs. In the young, only a tendency to change with bed rest was detected for MTLM. MVC and early-phase RFD decreased in young and old, irrespective of NMES. In contrast, late-phase RFD was retained in young participants with NMES, while it decreased in young CON legs, and in the old, irrespective of NMES. NMES during short-term bed rest preserved muscle thickness but not maximal muscle strength. While young and old adults demonstrated similar adaptive responses in preventing the loss of skeletal muscle thickness, RFD was retained in the young only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie K. Hansen
- Geriatric Research UnitCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for Clinical age ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Pernille Hansen
- Geriatric Research UnitCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for Clinical age ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hanne Nygaard
- Geriatric Research UnitCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for Clinical age ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Emergency MedicineCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Hans D. Grønbæk
- Geriatric Research UnitCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tania W. Berry
- Geriatric Research UnitCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Camilla M. Olsen
- Geriatric Research UnitCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sport and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
| | - Lars G. Hvid
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public HealthAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- The Danish MS Hospitals, Ry and HaslevHaslevDenmark
| | - Jakob Agergaard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine CopenhagenCopenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy AgingUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for Clinical age ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Xlab, Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
- Department of Physiology and BiochemistryRiga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research UnitCopenhagen University Hospital ‐ Bispebjerg and FrederiksbergCopenhagenDenmark
- CopenAge, Copenhagen Center for Clinical age ResearchUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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3
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Pabla P, Jones E, Piasecki M, Phillips B. Skeletal muscle dysfunction with advancing age. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:863-882. [PMID: 38994723 PMCID: PMC11250095 DOI: 10.1042/cs20231197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
As a result of advances in medical treatments and associated policy over the last century, life expectancy has risen substantially and continues to increase globally. However, the disconnect between lifespan and 'health span' (the length of time spent in a healthy, disease-free state) has also increased, with skeletal muscle being a substantial contributor to this. Biological ageing is accompanied by declines in both skeletal muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia. The mechanisms underpinning sarcopenia are multifactorial and are known to include marked alterations in muscle protein turnover and adaptations to the neural input to muscle. However, to date, the relative contribution of each factor remains largely unexplored. Specifically, muscle protein synthetic responses to key anabolic stimuli are blunted with advancing age, whilst alterations to neural components, spanning from the motor cortex and motoneuron excitability to the neuromuscular junction, may explain the greater magnitude of function losses when compared with mass. The consequences of these losses can be devastating for individuals, their support networks, and healthcare services; with clear detrimental impacts on both clinical (e.g., mortality, frailty, and post-treatment complications) and societal (e.g., independence maintenance) outcomes. Whether declines in muscle quantity and quality are an inevitable component of ageing remains to be completely understood. Nevertheless, strategies to mitigate these declines are of vital importance to improve the health span of older adults. This review aims to provide an overview of the declines in skeletal muscle mass and function with advancing age, describes the wide-ranging implications of these declines, and finally suggests strategies to mitigate them, including the merits of emerging pharmaceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Pabla
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
| | - Eleanor J. Jones
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), U.K
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), U.K
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- Centre of Metabolism, Ageing and Physiology (COMAP), School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, DE22 3DT, U.K
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research (CMAR), U.K
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), U.K
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4
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Takahashi Y, Yoda M, Tsuji O, Horiuchi K, Watanabe K, Nakamura M. IL-33-ST2 signaling in fibro-adipogenic progenitors alleviates immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in mice. Skelet Muscle 2024; 14:6. [PMID: 38561845 PMCID: PMC10983726 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-024-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regenerative and adaptive capacity of skeletal muscles reduces with age, leading to severe disability and frailty in the elderly. Therefore, development of effective therapeutic interventions for muscle wasting is important both medically and socioeconomically. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the potential contribution of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), which are mesenchymal stem cells in skeletal muscles, to immobilization-induced muscle atrophy. METHODS Young (2-3 months), adult (12-14 months), and aged (20-22 months) mice were used for analysis. Muscle atrophy was induced by immobilizing the hind limbs with a steel wire. FAPs were isolated from the hind limbs on days 0, 3, and 14 after immobilization for transcriptome analysis. The expression of ST2 and IL-33 in FAPs was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunostaining, respectively. To examine the role of IL-33-ST2 signaling in vivo, we intraperitoneally administered recombinant IL-33 or soluble ST2 (sST2) twice a week throughout the 2-week immobilization period. After 2-week immobilization, the tibialis anterior muscles were harvested and the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers was evaluated. RESULTS The number of FAPs increased with the progression of muscle atrophy after immobilization in all age-groups. Transcriptome analysis of FAPs collected before and after immobilization revealed that Il33 and Il1rl1 transcripts, which encode the IL-33 receptor ST2, were transiently induced in young mice and, to a lesser extent, in aged mice. The number of FAPs positive for ST2 increased after immobilization in young mice. The number of ST2-positive FAPs also increased after immobilization in aged mice, but the difference from the baseline was not statistically significant. Immunostaining for IL-33 in the muscle sections revealed a significant increase in the number of FAPs expressing IL-33 after immobilization. Administration of recombinant IL-33 suppressed immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in aged mice but not in young mice. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a previously unknown protective role of IL-33-ST2 signaling against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy in FAPs and suggest that IL-33-ST2 signaling is a potential new therapeutic target for alleviating disuse muscle atrophy, particularly in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Yoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Osahiko Tsuji
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki 3-2, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-8513, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
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5
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Reinstein M, Weisman A, Masharawi Y. Barefoot walking is beneficial for individuals with persistent plantar heel pain: A single-blind randomized controlled trial. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2024; 67:101786. [PMID: 38118297 DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2023.101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of data exist about the effectiveness of active treatments for persistent plantar heel pain (PPHP). OBJECTIVES To compare short-term functional and clinical effects of a 4-week barefoot or shod treadmill walking program for people with PPHP. METHODS A single-blinded clinical trial randomized 52 participants with PPHP into either a barefoot walking group (BWG), or a shod walking group (SWG). All participants received therapeutic ultrasound. Outcomes were measured at baseline (t0), following 4 weeks of treatment (t1), and at 1-month follow-up (t2). The SF-36 functional questionnaire score was the main outcome. Secondary outcomes were self-reported and clinically-assessed pain provocation levels, pressure pain thresholds and pain tolerance. Treadmill walking time and speed were measured at t0 and t1; people also recorded the time spent walking each day in a diary. RESULTS The BWG exhibited significant improvements in all SF-36 items (except "emotional well-being") (P < 0.05), whereas the SWG exhibited improvements only in "pain" and "health change" items (P = 0.0001; effect size 0.13-0.94). Greater improvements were observed in the BWG than the SWG for "physical function" (P = 0.019) and "role limitations due to physical health" items (P = 0.035). Both groups demonstrated significant improvements in pain, with greater improvements in the BWG (P = 0.0001; effect size 0.89). Only the BWG showed significant improvements in pain pressure thresholds (P < 0.05; effect size 0.70) and pain tolerance (P < 0.001; effect size 0.67). Both groups significantly increased their speed and time spent walking on the treadmill (BWG Δ=19.7 min and Δ=1.7 km/h; SWG Δ=16.7 min and Δ=1.1 km/h) and time outdoors (SWG ∆=38.2 min/week; BWG mean ∆=48.5 min/week) (P < 0.001). All clinical tests of pain were significantly less positive in the BWG at all time points (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both walking programs benefited people with PPHP by alleviating pain and improving function and quality of life. Greater improvements were observed in the BWG than the SWG overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Reinstein
- Mevaseret Zion and Bruchim Outpatient Clinics, Jerusalem District, Meuhedet Health Services, Jerusalem, Israel; Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Asaf Weisman
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Youssef Masharawi
- Spinal Research Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel.
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Souza ACR, Vasconcelos AR, Dias DD, Komoni G, Name JJ. The Integral Role of Magnesium in Muscle Integrity and Aging: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:5127. [PMID: 38140385 PMCID: PMC10745813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by significant physiological changes, with the degree of decline varying significantly among individuals. The preservation of intrinsic capacity over the course of an individual's lifespan is fundamental for healthy aging. Locomotion, which entails the capacity for independent movement, is intricately connected with various dimensions of human life, including cognition, vitality, sensory perception, and psychological well-being. Notably, skeletal muscle functions as a pivotal nexus within this intricate framework. Any perturbation in its functionality can manifest as compromised physical performance and an elevated susceptibility to frailty. Magnesium is an essential mineral that plays a central role in approximately 800 biochemical reactions within the human body. Its distinctive physical and chemical attributes render it an indispensable stabilizing factor in the orchestration of diverse cellular reactions and organelle functions, thereby rendering it irreplaceable in processes directly impacting muscle health. This narrative review offers a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role played by magnesium in maintaining skeletal muscle integrity, emphasizing the critical importance of maintaining optimal magnesium levels for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José João Name
- Kilyos Assessoria, Cursos e Palestras, São Paulo 01311-100, Brazil; (A.C.R.S.); (A.R.V.); (D.D.D.); (G.K.)
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7
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Wu YF, De La Toba EA, Dvoretskiy S, Jung R, Kim N, Daniels L, Romanova EV, Drnevich J, Sweedler JV, Boppart MD. Development of a cell-free strategy to recover aged skeletal muscle after disuse. J Physiol 2023; 601:5011-5031. [PMID: 35318675 PMCID: PMC9492804 DOI: 10.1113/jp282867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended periods of bed rest and limb immobilization are required for healing post-injury or disease, yet disuse can result in significant muscle atrophy and decreased quality of life in older adults. Physical rehabilitation is commonly prescribed to recover these deficits, yet accumulation of reactive oxygen species and sustained rates of protein degradation persist during the rehabilitation period that can significantly delay or prevent recovery. Pericytes, considered the primary mesenchymal and vascular stromal cell in skeletal muscle, secrete beneficial factors that maintain baseline muscle mass, yet minimal information exists regarding the pericyte response to disuse and recovery. In the current study, single-cell RNA sequencing and functional assays were performed to demonstrate that pericytes in mouse skeletal muscle lose the capacity to synthesize antioxidants during disuse and recovery. This information was used to guide the design of a strategy in which healthy donor pericytes were stimulated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) to produce small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that effectively restored myofibre size in adult and aged muscle after disuse. Proteomic assessment detected 11 differentially regulated proteins in primed sEVs that may account for recovery of muscle, including proteins associated with extracellular matrix composition and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant processes. This study demonstrates that healthy H2 O2 -primed pericyte-derived sEVs effectively improve skeletal muscle recovery after immobilization, presenting a novel acellular approach to rebuild muscle mass in older adults after a period of disuse. KEY POINTS: Previous studies suggest that prolonged oxidative stress is a barrier to skeletal muscle recovery after a period of immobilization. In this study we demonstrate that muscle-resident perivascular stromal cells (pericytes) become dysfunctional and lack the capacity to mount an antioxidant defence after disuse in mice. Hydrogen peroxide treatment of healthy pericytes in vitro simulates the release of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that effectively recover skeletal muscle fibre size and extracellular matrix remodelling in young adult and aged mice after disuse. Pericyte-derived sEVs present a novel acellular strategy to recover skeletal muscle after disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Wu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eduardo A. De La Toba
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Dvoretskiy
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rebecca Jung
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Noah Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Laureen Daniels
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Elena V. Romanova
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, High Performance Biological Computing, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marni D. Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Petrocelli JJ, McKenzie AI, de Hart NMMP, Reidy PT, Mahmassani ZS, Keeble AR, Kaput KL, Wahl MP, Rondina MT, Marcus RL, Welt CK, Holland WL, Funai K, Fry CS, Drummond MJ. Disuse-induced muscle fibrosis, cellular senescence, and senescence-associated secretory phenotype in older adults are alleviated during re-ambulation with metformin pre-treatment. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13936. [PMID: 37486024 PMCID: PMC10652302 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle inflammation and fibrosis underlie disuse-related complications and may contribute to impaired muscle recovery in aging. Cellular senescence is an emerging link between inflammation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and poor muscle recovery after disuse. In rodents, metformin has been shown to prevent cellular senescence/senescent associated secretory phenotype (SASP), inflammation, and fibrosis making it a potentially practical therapeutic solution. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine in older adults if metformin monotherapy during bed rest could reduce muscle fibrosis and cellular senescence/SASP during the re-ambulation period. A two-arm controlled trial was utilized in healthy male and female older adults (n = 20; BMI: <30, age: 60 years+) randomized into either placebo or metformin treatment during a two-week run-in and 5 days of bedrest followed by metformin withdrawal during 7 days of recovery. We found that metformin-treated individuals had less type-I myofiber atrophy during disuse, reduced pro-inflammatory transcriptional profiles, and lower muscle collagen deposition during recovery. Collagen content and myofiber size corresponded to reduced whole muscle cellular senescence and SASP markers. Moreover, metformin treatment reduced primary muscle resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) senescent markers and promoted a shift in fibroblast fate to be less myofibroblast-like. Together, these results suggest that metformin pre-treatment improved ECM remodeling after disuse in older adults by possibly altering cellular senescence and SASP in skeletal muscle and in FAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J. Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Alec I. McKenzie
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Naomi M. M. P. de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Paul T. Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and HealthMiami UniversityOxfordOhioUSA
| | | | | | - Katie L. Kaput
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Matthew P. Wahl
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Matthew T. Rondina
- Molecular Medicine ProgramUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Robin L. Marcus
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Corrine K. Welt
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - William L. Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Molecular Medicine ProgramUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | | | - Micah J. Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic TrainingUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
- Molecular Medicine ProgramUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
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9
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Bodine SC, Sinha I, Sweeney HL. Mechanisms of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Molecular Circuitry of Stem Cell Fate in Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:14-18. [PMID: 37325966 PMCID: PMC10272973 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a complex and highly adaptable tissue. With aging, there is a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, known as sarcopenia, and a reduced capacity for regeneration and repair following injury. A review of the literature shows that the primary mechanisms underlying the age-related loss of muscle mass and the attenuated growth response are multi-factorial and related to alterations in multiple processes, including proteostasis, mitochondrial function, extracellular matrix remodeling, and neuromuscular junction function. Multiple factors influence the rate of sarcopenia, including acute illness and trauma, followed by incomplete recovery and repair. Regeneration and repair of damaged skeletal muscle involve an orchestrated cross-talk between multiple cell populations, including satellite cells, immune cells, and fibro-adipogenic precursor cells. Proof-of-concept studies in mice have demonstrated that reprogramming of this disrupted orchestration, resulting in the normalization of muscle function, may be possible using small molecules that target muscle macrophages. During aging, as well as in muscular dystrophies, disruptions in multiple signaling pathways and in the cross-talk between different cell populations contribute to the failure to properly repair and maintain muscle mass and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue C Bodine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, and Iowa City VA Health Care System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hugh Lee Sweeney
- University of Florida Myology Institute and Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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10
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Aragon AA, Tipton KD, Schoenfeld BJ. Age-related muscle anabolic resistance: inevitable or preventable? Nutr Rev 2023; 81:441-454. [PMID: 36018750 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and performance, commonly referred to as sarcopenia, has wide-ranging detrimental effects on human health, the ramifications of which can have serious implications for both morbidity and mortality. Various interventional strategies have been proposed to counteract sarcopenia, with a particular emphasis on those employing a combination of exercise and nutrition. However, the efficacy of these interventions can be confounded by an age-related blunting of the muscle protein synthesis response to a given dose of protein/amino acids, which has been termed "anabolic resistance." While the pathophysiology of sarcopenia is undoubtedly complex, anabolic resistance is implicated in the progression of age-related muscle loss and its underlying complications. Several mechanisms have been proposed as underlying age-related impairments in the anabolic response to protein consumption. These include decreased anabolic molecular signaling activity, reduced insulin-mediated capillary recruitment (thus, reduced amino acid delivery), and increased splanchnic retention of amino acids (thus, reduced availability for muscular uptake). Obesity and sedentarism can exacerbate, or at least facilitate, anabolic resistance, mediated in part by insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. This narrative review addresses the key factors and contextual elements involved in reduction of the acute muscle protein synthesis response associated with aging and its varied consequences. Practical interventions focused on dietary protein manipulation are proposed to prevent the onset of anabolic resistance and mitigate its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan A Aragon
- is with the Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, California, USA
| | - Kevin D Tipton
- is with the Institute of Performance Nutrition, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Brad J Schoenfeld
- is with the Department of Health Sciences, CUNY Lehman College, Bronx, New York, USA
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11
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Preobrazenski N, Seigel J, Halliday S, Janssen I, McGlory C. Single-leg disuse decreases skeletal muscle strength, size, and power in uninjured adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:684-696. [PMID: 36883219 PMCID: PMC10067508 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to quantify declines from baseline in lower limb skeletal muscle size and strength of uninjured adults following single-leg disuse. We searched EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and CCRCT up to 30 January 2022. Studies were included in the systematic review if they (1) recruited uninjured participants; (2) were an original experimental study; (3) employed a single-leg disuse model; and (4) reported muscle strength, size, or power data following a period of single-leg disuse for at least one group without a countermeasure. Studies were excluded if they (1) did not meet all inclusion criteria; (2) were not in English; (3) reported previously published muscle strength, size, or power data; or (4) could not be sourced from two different libraries, repeated online searches, and the authors. We used the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool to assess risk of bias. We then performed random-effects meta-analyses on studies reporting measures of leg extension strength and extensor size. Our search revealed 6548 studies, and 86 were included in our systematic review. Data from 35 and 20 studies were then included in the meta-analyses for measures of leg extensor strength and size, respectively (40 different studies). No meta-analysis for muscle power was performed due to insufficient homogenous data. Effect sizes (Hedges' gav ) with 95% confidence intervals for leg extensor strength were all durations = -0.80 [-0.92, -0.68] (n = 429 participants; n = 68 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 78 females); ≤7 days of disuse = -0.57 [-0.75, -0.40] (n = 151); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.93 [-1.12, -0.74] (n = 206); and >14 days = -0.95 [-1.20, -0.70] (n = 72). Effect sizes for measures of leg extensor size were all durations = -0.41 [-0.51, -0.31] (n = 233; n = 32 aged 40 years or older; n ≥ 42 females); ≤7 days = -0.26 [-0.36, -0.16] (n = 84); >7 days and ≤14 days = -0.49 [-0.67, -0.30] (n = 102); and >14 days = -0.52 [-0.74, -0.30] (n = 47). Decreases in leg extensor strength (cast: -0.94 [-1.30, -0.59] (n = 73); brace: -0.90 [-1.18, -0.63] (n = 106)) and size (cast: -0.61[-0.87, -0.35] (n = 41); brace: (-0.48 [-1.04, 0.07] (n = 41)) following 14 days of disuse did not differ for cast and brace disuse models. Single-leg disuse in adults resulted in a decline in leg extensor strength and size that reached a nadir beyond 14 days. Bracing and casting led to similar declines in leg extensor strength and size following 14 days of disuse. Studies including females and males and adults over 40 years of age are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel Seigel
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sandra Halliday
- Queen's University Library, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Kraková D, Holwerda AM, Betz MW, Lavin KM, Bamman MM, van Loon LJC, Verdijk LB, Snijders T. Muscle fiber type grouping does not change in response to prolonged resistance exercise training in healthy older men. Exp Gerontol 2023; 173:112083. [PMID: 36621699 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ageing of skeletal muscle is characterized in some by muscle fiber type grouping due to denervation-reinnervation cycles, but the severity of fiber type grouping varies widely across individuals of the same chronological age. It remains unknown whether fiber type grouping is associated with lower muscle mass and/or reduced physical function in elderly. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between fiber type grouping and indices of muscle mass and physical function in older adults. In addition, we assessed whether fiber type grouping is affected by prolonged resistance training in older adults. METHODS Twenty young (21 ± 2 y) and twenty older (70 ± 4 y) healthy men participated in the present study. Body composition (DXA-scan), quadriceps cross-sectional area (CT-scan) and muscle strength (1RM) were assessed at baseline (young and old) and following 12 weeks of resistance training (old only). Percutaneous skeletal muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were collected at baseline (young and old) and following exercise training (old only). Immunohistochemical analyses were performed to evaluate type I and type II muscle fiber distribution, size, myonuclear content and grouping. RESULTS At baseline, type II fibers were significantly (P < 0.05) smaller in older compared with young adults (5366 ± 1288 vs 6705 ± 1168 μm2). Whereas no differences were observed in type I, type II fiber grouping was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in older (18 ± 18 %) compared with young (32 ± 25 %) men. No significant correlations were observed between fiber type grouping and muscle mass or physical function. Prolonged resistance training in old men resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in type II fiber size (from 5366 ± 1288 to 6165 ± 1484 μm2) with no significant changes in the proportion of type I muscle fibers found grouped. CONCLUSION Muscle fiber type grouping is not associated with lower body strength or muscle mass in healthy, older men. In addition, twelve weeks of resistance exercise training results in type II muscle fiber specific hypertrophy but does not affect fiber type grouping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kraková
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew M Holwerda
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Milan W Betz
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kaleen M Lavin
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Marcas M Bamman
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL, USA
| | - Luc J C van Loon
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Lex B Verdijk
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Snijders
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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13
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van der Heijden I, Monteyne AJ, Stephens FB, Wall BT. Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:206-230. [PMID: 35960188 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. Concomitantly, there are growing environmental concerns associated with the production of animal-based dietary protein sources. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Various non-animal-derived protein sources possess favorable sustainability credentials, though much less is known (compared with animal-derived proteins) about their ability to influence muscle anabolism. It is also likely that the anabolic potential of various alternative protein sources varies markedly, with the majority of options remaining to be investigated. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly assess the current evidence base for the utility of alternative protein sources (plants, fungi, insects, algae, and lab-grown "meat") to support muscle anabolism in (active) older adults. The solid existing data portfolio requires considerable expansion to encompass the strategic evaluation of the various types of dietary protein sources. Such data will ultimately be necessary to support desirable alterations and refinements in nutritional guidelines to support healthy and active aging, while concomitantly securing a sustainable food future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino van der Heijden
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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14
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Increased Intake of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated with Reduced Odds of Low Hand Grip Strength in Korean Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020321. [PMID: 36678195 PMCID: PMC9862364 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional status is thought to be one of the modifiable risk factors for muscle health. This study investigates the association between dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) intake and hand grip strength (HGS) in Korean adults. The cross-sectional analysis was performed on 18,278 participants aged ≥19 years enrolled in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2016-2019. Omega-3 PUFA consumption was positively linked to the dietary intake of nuts, fish, and shellfish in Korean adults. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results showed that increased omega-3 PUFA intake was associated with a decreased risk of low HGS (odds ratio (OR) for upper quartile (Q4) compared to Q1, men: OR = 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.72), women: OR = 1.61 (1.37-1.89)). This inverse association was reported in people who did no resistance exercise or had an insufficient protein intake. In contrast, this association was not evident in adults who did resistance exercise or had sufficient protein intake. Furthermore, participants with hypertension or type 2 diabetes showed stronger associations between dietary omega-3 PUFA intake and HGS compared with other subgroups. These results suggest that dietary omega-3 PUFA intake positively related with HGS in Korean adults.
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15
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Paez HG, Pitzer CR, Alway SE. Age-Related Dysfunction in Proteostasis and Cellular Quality Control in the Development of Sarcopenia. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020249. [PMID: 36672183 PMCID: PMC9856405 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a debilitating skeletal muscle disease that accelerates in the last decades of life and is characterized by marked deficits in muscle strength, mass, quality, and metabolic health. The multifactorial causes of sarcopenia have proven difficult to treat and involve a complex interplay between environmental factors and intrinsic age-associated changes. It is generally accepted that sarcopenia results in a progressive loss of skeletal muscle function that exceeds the loss of mass, indicating that while loss of muscle mass is important, loss of muscle quality is the primary defect with advanced age. Furthermore, preclinical models have suggested that aged skeletal muscle exhibits defects in cellular quality control such as the degradation of damaged mitochondria. Recent evidence suggests that a dysregulation of proteostasis, an important regulator of cellular quality control, is a significant contributor to the aging-associated declines in muscle quality, function, and mass. Although skeletal muscle mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) plays a critical role in cellular control, including skeletal muscle hypertrophy, paradoxically, sustained activation of mTORC1 recapitulates several characteristics of sarcopenia. Pharmaceutical inhibition of mTORC1 as well as caloric restriction significantly improves muscle quality in aged animals, however, the mechanisms controlling cellular proteostasis are not fully known. This information is important for developing effective therapeutic strategies that mitigate or prevent sarcopenia and associated disability. This review identifies recent and historical understanding of the molecular mechanisms of proteostasis driving age-associated muscle loss and suggests potential therapeutic interventions to slow or prevent sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector G. Paez
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Christopher R. Pitzer
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Center for Muscle, Metabolism and Neuropathology, Division of Regenerative and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- The Tennessee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Raffin J, de Souto Barreto P, Le Traon AP, Vellas B, Aubertin-Leheudre M, Rolland Y. Sedentary behavior and the biological hallmarks of aging. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101807. [PMID: 36423885 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
While the benefits of physical exercise for a healthy aging are well-recognized, a growing body of evidence shows that sedentary behavior has deleterious health effects independently, to some extent, of physical activity levels. Yet, the increasing prevalence of sedentariness constitutes a major public health issue that contributes to premature aging but the potential cellular mechanisms through which prolonged immobilization may accelerate biological aging remain unestablished. This narrative review summarizes the impact of sedentary behavior using different models of extreme sedentary behaviors including bedrest, unilateral limb suspension and space travel studies, on the hallmarks of aging such as genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, deregulated nutrient sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. We further highlight the remaining knowledge gaps that need more research in order to promote healthspan extension and to provide future contributions to the field of geroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Raffin
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Philipe de Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Pavy Le Traon
- Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology (MEDES), Neurology Department CHU Toulouse, INSERM U 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'activité physique, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (IUGM), CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada, Faculté des sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Toulouse, 37 Allées Jules Guesdes, 31000 Toulouse, France; CERPOP UMR 1295, University of Toulouse III, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
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17
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Kolodziej F, McDonagh B, Burns N, Goljanek-Whysall K. MicroRNAs as the Sentinels of Redox and Hypertrophic Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314716. [PMID: 36499053 PMCID: PMC9737617 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with skeletal muscle function decline with ageing or disease or inadequate exercise and/or poor diet. Paradoxically, reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines are key for mounting the muscular and systemic adaptive responses to endurance and resistance exercise. Both ageing and lifestyle-related metabolic dysfunction are strongly linked to exercise redox and hypertrophic insensitivity. The adaptive inability and consequent exercise intolerance may discourage people from physical training resulting in a vicious cycle of under-exercising, energy surplus, chronic mitochondrial stress, accelerated functional decline and increased susceptibility to serious diseases. Skeletal muscles are malleable and dynamic organs, rewiring their metabolism depending on the metabolic or mechanical stress resulting in a specific phenotype. Endogenous RNA silencing molecules, microRNAs, are regulators of these metabolic/phenotypic shifts in skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscle microRNA profiles at baseline and in response to exercise have been observed to differ between adult and older people, as well as trained vs. sedentary individuals. Likewise, the circulating microRNA blueprint varies based on age and training status. Therefore, microRNAs emerge as key regulators of metabolic health/capacity and hormetic adaptability. In this narrative review, we summarise the literature exploring the links between microRNAs and skeletal muscle, as well as systemic adaptation to exercise. We expand a mathematical model of microRNA burst during adaptation to exercise through supporting data from the literature. We describe a potential link between the microRNA-dependent regulation of redox-signalling sensitivity and the ability to mount a hypertrophic response to exercise or nutritional cues. We propose a hypothetical model of endurance exercise-induced microRNA "memory cloud" responsible for establishing a landscape conducive to aerobic as well as anabolic adaptation. We suggest that regular aerobic exercise, complimented by a healthy diet, in addition to promoting mitochondrial health and hypertrophic/insulin sensitivity, may also suppress the glycolytic phenotype and mTOR signalling through miRNAs which in turn promote systemic metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Kolodziej
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Nicole Burns
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
| | - Katarzyna Goljanek-Whysall
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, CMNHS, University of Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
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18
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Rahmati M, McCarthy JJ, Malakoutinia F. Myonuclear permanence in skeletal muscle memory: a systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2276-2297. [PMID: 35961635 PMCID: PMC9530508 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
One aspect of skeletal muscle memory is the ability of a previously trained muscle to hypertrophy more rapidly following a period of detraining. Although the molecular basis of muscle memory remains to be fully elucidated, one potential mechanism thought to mediate muscle memory is the permanent retention of myonuclei acquired during the initial phase of hypertrophic growth. However, myonuclear permanence is debated and would benefit from a meta-analysis to clarify the current state of the field for this important aspect of skeletal muscle plasticity. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to assess the permanence of myonuclei associated with changes in physical activity and ageing. When available, the abundance of satellite cells (SCs) was also considered given their potential influence on changes in myonuclear abundance. One hundred forty-seven peer-reviewed articles were identified for inclusion across five separate meta-analyses; (1-2) human and rodent studies assessed muscle response to hypertrophy; (3-4) human and rodent studies assessed muscle response to atrophy; and (5) human studies assessed muscle response with ageing. Skeletal muscle hypertrophy was associated with higher myonuclear content that was retained in rodents, but not humans, with atrophy (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI -1.71 to 0.51, P = 0.29, and MD = 83.46, 95% CI -649.41 to 816.32, P = 0.82; respectively). Myonuclear and SC content were both lower following atrophy in humans (MD = -11, 95% CI -0.19 to -0.03, P = 0.005, and SMD = -0.49, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.22, P = 0.0005; respectively), although the response in rodents was affected by the type of muscle under consideration and the mode of atrophy. Whereas rodent myonuclei were found to be more permanent regardless of the mode of atrophy, atrophy of ≥30% was associated with a reduction in myonuclear content (SMD = -1.02, 95% CI -1.53 to -0.51, P = 0.0001). In humans, sarcopenia was accompanied by a lower myonuclear and SC content (MD = 0.47, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.85, P = 0.02, and SMD = 0.78, 95% CI 0.37-1.19, P = 0.0002; respectively). The major finding from the present meta-analysis is that myonuclei are not permanent but are lost during periods of atrophy and with ageing. These findings do not support the concept of skeletal muscle memory based on the permanence of myonuclei and suggest other mechanisms, such as epigenetics, may have a more important role in mediating this aspect of skeletal muscle plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
| | - John J. McCarthy
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
- Center for Muscle BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKYUSA
| | - Fatemeh Malakoutinia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human SciencesLorestan UniversityKhorramabadIran
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19
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Larson AA, Shams AS, McMillin SL, Sullivan BP, Vue C, Roloff ZA, Batchelor E, Kyba M, Lowe DA. Estradiol deficiency reduces the satellite cell pool by impairing cell cycle progression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1123-C1137. [PMID: 35442828 PMCID: PMC9169829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00429.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The size of the satellite cell pool is reduced in estradiol (E2)-deficient female mice and humans. Here, we use a combination of in vivo and in vitro approaches to identify mechanisms, whereby E2 deficiency impairs satellite cell maintenance. By measuring satellite cell numbers in mice at several early time points postovariectomy (Ovx), we determine that satellite cell numbers decline by 33% between 10 and 14 days post-Ovx in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles. At 14 days post-Ovx, we demonstrate that satellite cells have a reduced propensity to transition from G0/G1 to S and G2/M phases, compared with cells from ovary-intact mice, associated with changes in two key satellite cell cycle regulators, ccna2 and p16INK4a. Further, freshly isolated satellite cells treated with E2 in vitro have 62% greater cell proliferation and require less time to complete the first division. Using clonal and differentiation assays, we measured 69% larger satellite cell colonies and enhanced satellite cell-derived myoblast differentiation with E2 treatment compared with vehicle-treated cells. Together, these results identify a novel mechanism for preservation of the satellite cell pool by E2 via promotion of satellite cell cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexie A Larson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ahmed S Shams
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Shawna L McMillin
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Brian P Sullivan
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Cha Vue
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Zachery A Roloff
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eric Batchelor
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Kyba
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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20
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Centner C, Jerger S, Mallard A, Herrmann A, Varfolomeeva E, Gollhofer S, Oesser S, Sticht C, Gretz N, Aagaard P, Nielsen JL, Frandsen U, Suetta C, Gollhofer A, König D. Supplementation of Specific Collagen Peptides Following High-Load Resistance Exercise Upregulates Gene Expression in Pathways Involved in Skeletal Muscle Signal Transduction. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838004. [PMID: 35480041 PMCID: PMC9037237 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that resistance training in combination with specific collagen peptides (CP) improves adaptive responses of the muscular apparatus. Although beneficial effects have been repeatedly demonstrated, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Therefore, the primary objective of the present randomized trial was to elucidate differences in gene expression pathways related to skeletal muscle signal transduction following acute high-load resistance exercise with and without CP intake. Recreationally active male participants were equally randomized to high-load leg extension exercise in combination with 15 g CP or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained at baseline as well as 1, 4 and 24 h post exercise to investigate gene expression using next generation sequencing analysis. Several important anabolic pathways including PI3K-Akt and MAPK pathways were significantly upregulated at 1 and 4 h post-exercise. Significant between-group differences for both pathways were identified at the 4 h time point demonstrating a more pronounced effect after CP intake. Gene expression related to the mTOR pathway demonstrated a higher visual increase in the CP group compared to PLA by trend, but failed to achieve statistically significant group differences. The current findings revealed a significantly higher upregulation of key anabolic pathways (PI3K-Akt, MAPK) in human skeletal muscle 4 h following an acute resistance training combined with intake of 15 g of specific collagen peptides compared to placebo. Further investigations should examine potential relationships between upregulated gene expression and changes in myofibrillar protein synthesis as well as potential long-term effects on anabolic pathways on the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Centner
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn, Muttenz, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Christoph Centner,
| | - Simon Jerger
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alistair Mallard
- Australasian Kidney Trials Network, Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Anna Herrmann
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eugenia Varfolomeeva
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Per Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jakob L. Nielsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Frandsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Research Unit for Muscle Physiology and Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Albert Gollhofer
- Department of Sport and Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel König
- Department of Nutritional Science, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Sports Science and University Sports, Institute for Nutrition, Exercise and Health, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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21
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González-Blanco L, Bermúdez M, Bermejo-Millo JC, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez J, Solano JJ, Antuña E, Menéndez-Valle I, Caballero B, Vega-Naredo I, Potes Y, Coto-Montes A. Cell interactome in sarcopenia during aging. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:919-931. [PMID: 35178901 PMCID: PMC8977965 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diversity between the muscle cellular interactome of dependent and independent elderly people is based on the interrelationships established between different cellular mechanisms, and alteration of this balance modulates cellular activity in muscle tissue with important functional implications. METHODS Thirty patients (85 ± 8 years old, 23% female) scheduled to undergo hip fracture surgery participated in this study. During the surgical procedures, skeletal muscle tissue was obtained from the Vastus lateralis. Two groups of participants were studied based on their Barthel index: 15 functional-independent individuals (100-90) and 15 severely functional-dependent individuals (40-0). The expression of proteins from the most important cellular mechanisms was studied by western blot. RESULTS Compared with independent elderly patients, dependent elderly showed an abrupt decrease in the capacity of protein synthesis; this decrease was only partially compensated for at the response to unfolded or misfolded proteins (UPR) level due to the increase in IRE1 (P < 0.001) and ATF6 (P < 0.05), which block autophagy, an essential mechanism for cell survival, by decreasing the expression of Beclin-1, LC3, and p62 (P < 0.001) and the antioxidant response. This lead to increased oxidative damage to lipids (P < 0.001) and that damage was directly associated with the mitochondrial impairment induced by the significant decreases in the I, III, IV, and V mitochondrial complexes (P < 0.01), which drastically reduced the energy capacity of the cell. The essential cellular mechanisms were generally impaired and the triggering of apoptosis was induced, as shown by the significantly elevated levels of most proapoptotic proteins (P < 0.05) and caspase-3/7 (P < 0.001) in dependents. The death of highly damaged cells is not detrimental to organs as long as the regenerative capacity remains unaltered, but in the dependent patients, this ability was also significantly altered, which was revealed by the reduction in the myogenic regulatory factors and satellite cell marker (P < 0.001), and the increase in myostatin (P < 0.01). Due to the severely disturbed cell interactome, the muscle contractile capacity showed significant damage. CONCLUSIONS Functionally dependent patients exhibited severe alterations in their cellular interactome at the muscle level. Cell apoptosis was caused by a decrease in successful protein synthesis, to which the cellular control systems did not respond adequately; autophagy was simultaneously blocked, the mitochondrion malfunctioned, and as the essential recovery mechanisms failed, these cells could not be replaced, resulting in the muscle being condemned to a loss of mass and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Blanco
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Servicio Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario (SERIDA), Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Manuel Bermúdez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan C Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan J Solano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Antuña
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Iván Menéndez-Valle
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Cell Biology and Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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22
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Lack of muscle stem cell proliferation and myocellular hypertrophy in sIBM patients following blood-flow restricted resistance training. Neuromuscul Disord 2022; 32:493-502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Trinity JD, Drummond MJ, Fermoyle CC, McKenzie AI, Supiano MA, Richardson RS. Cardiovasomobility: an integrative understanding of how disuse impacts cardiovascular and skeletal muscle health. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:835-861. [PMID: 35112929 PMCID: PMC8934676 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00607.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovasomobility is a novel concept that encompasses the integration of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle function in health and disease with critical modification by physical activity, or lack thereof. Compelling evidence indicates that physical activity improves health while a sedentary, or inactive, lifestyle accelerates cardiovascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction and hastens disease progression. Identifying causative factors for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction, especially in humans, has proven difficult due to the limitations associated with cross-sectional investigations. Therefore, experimental models of physical inactivity and disuse, which mimic hospitalization, injury, and illness, provide important insight into the mechanisms and consequences of vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction. This review provides an overview of the experimental models of disuse and inactivity and focuses on the integrated responses of the vasculature and skeletal muscle in response to disuse/inactivity. The time course and magnitude of dysfunction evoked by various models of disuse/inactivity are discussed in detail, and evidence in support of the critical roles of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress are presented. Lastly, strategies aimed at preserving vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction during disuse/inactivity are reviewed. Within the context of cardiovasomobility, experimental manipulation of physical activity provides valuable insight into the mechanisms responsible for vascular and skeletal muscle dysfunction that limit mobility, degrade quality of life, and hasten the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Trinity
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Caitlin C Fermoyle
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Mark A Supiano
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Salt Lake City Veteran Affairs Medical Center Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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24
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Wu YF, Lapp S, Dvoretskiy S, Garcia G, Kim M, Tannehill A, Daniels L, Boppart MD. Optimization of a Pericyte Therapy to Improve Muscle Recovery After Limb Immobilization. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:1020-1030. [PMID: 35175105 PMCID: PMC8993526 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00700.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended bed rest or limb immobilization can significantly reduce skeletal muscle mass and function. Recovery may be incomplete, particularly in older adults. Our laboratory recently reported that vascular mural cell (pericyte) quantity is compromised after immobilization and appropriate replacement immediately prior to remobilization can effectively recover myofiber size in mice. Identification of a single cell surface marker for isolation of the most therapeutic pericyte would streamline efforts to optimize muscle recovery. The purpose of this study was to compare the capacity for neural/glial antigen 2 (Cspg4/NG2+) and melanoma cell adhesion molecule (Mcam/CD146+) positive pericytes to uniquely recover skeletal muscle post-disuse. A single hindlimb from adult C57BL/6J mice was immobilized in full dorsiflexion via a surgical staple inserted through the center of the foot and body of the gastrocnemius. Fourteen days after immobilization, the staple was removed and pericytes, either NG2+CD45-CD31-[Lin-], CD146+NG2-Lin-, or CD146+Lin- pericytes, were injected into the atrophied tibialis anterior muscle. TA muscles were excised 14 days after transplantation and remobilization. Pericyte transplantation did not significantly improve muscle mass or myofiber CSA after 14 days of remobilization. However, injection of CD146+ pericytes significantly increased Type IIa quantity, capillarization and collagen remodeling compared to NG2+ pericytes (p<0.05). Our results suggest that selection of pericytes based on CD146 rather than NG2 results in the isolation of therapeutic mural cells with high capacity to positively remodel skeletal muscle after a period of immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fu Wu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Samuel Lapp
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Svyatoslav Dvoretskiy
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Gabriela Garcia
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Michael Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Amanda Tannehill
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Laureen Daniels
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Marni D Boppart
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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25
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Britson KA, Ling JP, Braunstein KE, Montagne JM, Kastenschmidt JM, Wilson A, Ikenaga C, Tsao W, Pinal-Fernandez I, Russell KA, Reed N, Mozaffar T, Wagner KR, Ostrow LW, Corse AM, Mammen AL, Villalta SA, Larman HB, Wong PC, Lloyd TE. Loss of TDP-43 function and rimmed vacuoles persist after T cell depletion in a xenograft model of sporadic inclusion body myositis. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabi9196. [PMID: 35044790 PMCID: PMC9118725 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi9196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common acquired muscle disease in adults over age 50, yet it remains unclear whether the disease is primarily driven by T cell–mediated autoimmunity. IBM muscle biopsies display nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 in muscle cells, a pathologic finding observed initially in neurodegenerative diseases, where nuclear loss of TDP-43 in neurons causes aberrant RNA splicing. Here, we show that loss of TDP-43–mediated splicing repression, as determined by inclusion of cryptic exons, occurs in skeletal muscle of subjects with IBM. Of 119 muscle biopsies tested, RT-PCR–mediated detection of cryptic exon inclusion was able to diagnose IBM with 84% sensitivity and 99% specificity. To determine the role of T cells in pathogenesis, we generated a xenograft model by transplanting human IBM muscle into the hindlimb of immunodeficient mice. Xenografts from subjects with IBM displayed robust regeneration of human myofibers and recapitulated both inflammatory and degenerative features of the disease. Myofibers in IBM xenografts showed invasion by human, oligoclonal CD8+ T cells and exhibited MHC-I up-regulation, rimmed vacuoles, mitochondrial pathology, p62-positive inclusions, and nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, associated with cryptic exon inclusion. Reduction of human T cells within IBM xenografts by treating mice intraperitoneally with anti-CD3 (OKT3) suppressed MHC-I up-regulation. However, rimmed vacuoles and loss of TDP-43 function persisted. These data suggest that T cell depletion does not alter muscle degenerative pathology in IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla A. Britson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Ling
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kerstin E. Braunstein
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Janelle M. Montagne
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jenna M. Kastenschmidt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Andrew Wilson
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chiseko Ikenaga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - William Tsao
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Iago Pinal-Fernandez
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katelyn A. Russell
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nicole Reed
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Institute for Immunology, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Kathryn R. Wagner
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Center for Genetic Muscle Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lyle W. Ostrow
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrea M. Corse
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Andrew L. Mammen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Muscle Disease Unit, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - S. Armando Villalta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - H. Benjamin Larman
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Philip C. Wong
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Synder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Thomas E. Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Solomon H. Synder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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26
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Effects of age on muscle power, postural control and functional capacity after short-term immobilization and retraining. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2022; 22:486-497. [PMID: 36458386 PMCID: PMC9716293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the effect of lower limb immobilization and retraining on postural control and muscle power in healthy old and young men. METHODS Twenty men, nine old (OM:67.3±4.4 years) and eleven young (YM:24.4±1.6 years) underwent 2 weeks of unilateral whole-leg casting, followed by 4 weeks of retraining. Measures included center of pressure (CoP) sway length and area during single- and double-leg stance, maximal leg extensor muscle power, habitual and maximal 10-m gait speed, sit-to-stand performance, and 2-min step test. RESULTS After immobilization, leg extension muscle power decreased by 15% in OM (from 2.68±0.60 to 2.29±0.63 W/kg, p<0.05) and 17% in YM (4.37±0.76 to 3.63±0.69 W/kg, p<0.05). Double-leg CoP sway area increased by 45% in OM (218±82 to 317±145 mm2; p<0.05), with no change in YM (p=0.43). Physical function did not change after immobilization but sit-to-stand performance (+20%, p<0.05) and 2-min step test (+28%, p<0.05) increased in OM following retraining. In both groups, all parameters returned to baseline levels after retraining. CONCLUSION Two weeks of lower limb immobilization led to decreases in maximal muscle power in both young and old, whereas postural control was impaired selectively in old men. All parameters were restored in both groups after 4 weeks of resistance-based retraining.
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27
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Nederveen JP, Betz MW, Snijders T, Parise G. The Importance of Muscle Capillarization for Optimizing Satellite Cell Plasticity. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:284-290. [PMID: 34547761 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Satellite cells are essential for skeletal muscle regeneration, repair, and adaptation. The activity of satellite cells is influenced by their interactions with muscle-resident endothelial cells. We postulate that the microvascular network between muscle fibers plays a critical role in satellite cell function. Exercise-induced angiogenesis can mitigate the decline in satellite cell function with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Milan W Betz
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tim Snijders
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Gianni Parise
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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28
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Mortreux M, Rosa‐Caldwell ME, Stiehl ID, Sung D, Thomas NT, Fry CS, Rutkove SB. Hindlimb suspension in Wistar rats: Sex-based differences in muscle response. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15042. [PMID: 34612585 PMCID: PMC8493566 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ground-based animal models have been used extensively to understand the effects of microgravity on various physiological systems. Among them, hindlimb suspension (HLS), developed in 1979 in rats, remains the gold-standard and allows researchers to study the consequences of total unloading of the hind limbs while inducing a cephalic fluid shift. While this model has already brought valuable insights to space biology, few studies have directly compared functional decrements in the muscles of males and females during HLS. We exposed 28 adult Wistar rats (14 males and 14 females) to 14 days of HLS or normal loading (NL) to better assess how sex impacts disuse-induced muscle deconditioning. Females better maintained muscle function during HLS than males, as shown by a more moderate reduction in grip strength at 7 days (males: -37.5 ± 3.1%, females: -22.4 ± 6.5%, compared to baseline), that remains stable during the second week of unloading (males: -53.3 ± 5.7%, females: -22.4 ± 5.5%, compared to day 0) while the males exhibit a steady decrease over time (effect of sex × loading p = 0.0002, effect of sex × time × loading p = 0.0099). This was further supported by analyzing the force production in response to a tetanic stimulus. Further functional analyses using force production were also shown to correspond to sex differences in relative loss of muscle mass and CSA. Moreover, our functional data were supported by histomorphometric analyzes, and we highlighted differences in relative muscle loss and CSA. Specifically, female rats seem to experience a lesser muscle deconditioning during disuse than males thus emphasizing the need for more studies that will assess male and female animals concomitantly to develop tailored, effective countermeasures for all astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mortreux
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Megan E. Rosa‐Caldwell
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Ian D. Stiehl
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomyDartmouth CollegeHanoverNew HampshireUSA
| | - Dong‐Min Sung
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nicholas T. Thomas
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical NutritionUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Christopher S. Fry
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical NutritionUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Seward B. Rutkove
- Department of NeurologyHarvard Medical School – Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonMassachusettsUSA
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29
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Lee SS, Kim YA, Eun B, Yoo J, Kim EM, Nam MS, Kim KK. Betaine, a component of Lycium chinense, enhances muscular endurance of mice and myogenesis of myoblasts. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:5083-5091. [PMID: 34532017 PMCID: PMC8441376 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by the loss of muscle mass and function that occurs mainly in older adults. The present study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that water extract of Lycium chinense (WELC) would improve muscle function and promote myogenesis for sarcopenia. We investigated the effect of water extracts of L. chinense on muscular endurance function and myogenesis to examine its efficacy in sarcopenia. Intake of WELC-containing cheese enhanced the muscular endurance function of mice in treadmill endurance tests. In addition, the cross-sectional areas of muscle fibers in the gastrocnemius muscle of L. chinense-fed mice were greater than that of control mice. Furthermore, WELC and its key component marker substance betaine promoted myogenesis of myoblasts by increasing the expression of the myogenic protein myosin heavy chain 3 (Myh3) and myotube formation. Taken together, our results suggest that L. chinense may potentially be useful in the development of preventive and therapeutic agents for sarcopenia, as well as in providing basic knowledge on myogenesis and muscular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Lee
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Yong-An Kim
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Bokkee Eun
- Core Laboratory for Convergent Translational Research Korea University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jayeon Yoo
- National Institute of Animal Science RDA Wanjugun Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology Korea Institute of Toxicology Daejeon South Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Nam
- Division of Animal Resource Science Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry Chungnam National University Daejeon Korea
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30
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Petrocelli JJ, Mahmassani ZS, Fix DK, Montgomery JA, Reidy PT, McKenzie AI, de Hart NM, Ferrara PJ, Kelley JJ, Eshima H, Funai K, Drummond MJ. Metformin and leucine increase satellite cells and collagen remodeling during disuse and recovery in aged muscle. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21862. [PMID: 34416035 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100883r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and strength after disuse followed by impaired muscle recovery commonly occurs with aging. Metformin (MET) and leucine (LEU) individually have shown positive effects in skeletal muscle during atrophy conditions but have not been evaluated in combination nor tested as a remedy to enhance muscle recovery following disuse atrophy in aging. The purpose of this study was to determine if a dual treatment of metformin and leucine (MET + LEU) would prevent disuse-induced atrophy and/or promote muscle recovery in aged mice and if these muscle responses correspond to changes in satellite cells and collagen remodeling. Aged mice (22-24 months) underwent 14 days of hindlimb unloading (HU) followed by 7 or 14 days of reloading (7 or 14 days RL). MET, LEU, or MET + LEU was administered via drinking water and were compared to Vehicle (standard drinking water) and ambulatory baseline. We observed that during HU, MET + LEU resolved whole body grip strength and soleus muscle specific force decrements caused by HU. Gastrocnemius satellite cell abundance was increased with MET + LEU treatment but did not alter muscle size during disuse or recovery conditions. Moreover, MET + LEU treatment alleviated gastrocnemius collagen accumulation caused by HU and increased collagen turnover during 7 and 14 days RL driven by a decrease in collagen IV content. Transcriptional pathway analysis revealed that MET + LEU altered muscle hallmark pathways related to inflammation and myogenesis during HU. Together, the dual treatment of MET and LEU was able to increase muscle function, satellite cell content, and reduce collagen accumulation, thus improving muscle quality during disuse and recovery in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Petrocelli
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ziad S Mahmassani
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dennis K Fix
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Paul T Reidy
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Alec I McKenzie
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Naomi M de Hart
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Patrick J Ferrara
- Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua J Kelley
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Hiroaki Eshima
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Katsuhiko Funai
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Micah J Drummond
- Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Molecular Medicine Program, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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31
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Gustafsson T, Ulfhake B. Sarcopenia: What Is the Origin of This Aging-Induced Disorder? Front Genet 2021; 12:688526. [PMID: 34276788 PMCID: PMC8285098 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We here review the loss of muscle function and mass (sarcopenia) in the framework of human healthspan and lifespan, and mechanisms involved in aging. The rapidly changing composition of the human population will impact the incidence and the prevalence of aging-induced disorders such as sarcopenia and, henceforth, efforts to narrow the gap between healthspan and lifespan should have top priority. There are substantial knowledge gaps in our understanding of aging. Heritability is estimated to account for only 25% of lifespan length. However, as we push the expected lifespan at birth toward those that we consider long-lived, the genetics of aging may become increasingly important. Linkage studies of genetic polymorphisms to both the susceptibility and aggressiveness of sarcopenia are still missing. Such information is needed to shed light on the large variability in clinical outcomes between individuals and why some respond to interventions while others do not. We here make a case for the concept that sarcopenia has a neurogenic origin and that in manifest sarcopenia, nerve and myofibers enter into a vicious cycle that will escalate the disease progression. We point to gaps in knowledge, for example the crosstalk between the motor axon, terminal Schwann cell, and myofiber in the denervation processes that leads to a loss of motor units and muscle weakness. Further, we argue that the operational definition of sarcopenia should be complemented with dynamic metrics that, along with validated biomarkers, may facilitate early preclinical diagnosis of individuals vulnerable to develop advanced sarcopenia. We argue that preventive measures are likely to be more effective to counter act aging-induced disorders than efforts to treat manifest clinical conditions. To achieve compliance with a prescription of preventive measures that may be life-long, we need to identify reliable predictors to design rational and convincing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gustafsson
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Vilchinskaya NA, Shenkman BS. Myosatellite Cells under Gravitational Unloading Conditions. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Older adults are not more susceptible to acute muscle atrophy after immobilisation compared to younger adults: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2021; 48:1167-1176. [PMID: 34081160 PMCID: PMC9001571 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-021-01694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To identify if older adults are more susceptible to acute muscle atrophy compared to younger adults. Methods All studies whose design involved a period of enforced immobilisation and a comparison between an older (> 40) and a younger cohort (< 40) were included. Outcome of interest was change in muscle mass, measured by radiological techniques or histological analysis of fibre size. Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched and records screened by two independent reviewers. Studies selected for inclusion were critically appraised and individually assessed for risk of bias. GRADE framework guided the assessment of quality of studies. Results Eight articles were included (193 participants). 14 (7.3%) were female and 102 (52.8%) were in older groups. Mean age for older adults was 66.3 years and for younger adults 23.3 years. Immobilisation periods spanned 4–14 days as simulated by bed rest, limb brace or limb cast. Studies measured muscle mass by DXA, CT, MRI or fibre cross-sectional area, or a combination of each. Muscles studied included quadriceps, adductor pollicis, vastus lateralis or combined lean leg mass. Of the radiological measures, three studies (74 participants) reported greater atrophy in the older group, three studies (76 participants) reported greater atrophy in the younger group. Reduction in muscle mass varied in older adults between 0.19 and 0.76% per day, and for younger adults between 0.06 and 0.70% per day. Due to substantial heterogeneity, a meta-analysis was not performed. Five studies reported fibre size. Change in fibre size varied considerably between each study, with no convincing overall trend for either older or younger groups. Conclusion The current literature suggests that there is no difference in the rate of muscle atrophy after immobilisation in older people compared to younger people, and therefore that older people are not more susceptible to atrophy in the acute setting. However, the findings are inconsistent and provide statistically significant but opposing results. There is a lack of high-quality research available on the topic, and there is a paucity of literature regarding atrophy rates in women.
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34
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Nozaki R, Hung YL, Takagi K, Nakano D, Fujii T, Kawanishi N, Okamoto T, Machida S. Differential protective effects of Radix astragali, herbal medicine, on immobilization-induced atrophy of slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscles. Biomed Res 2021; 41:139-148. [PMID: 32522931 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.41.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Radix astragali is a popular traditional herbal medicine that provides significant protection against tissue injury in various models of oxidative stress-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether administration of Radix astragali prevented atrophy in both slow- and fast-twitch muscles following cast immobilization. Twenty-seven 12-week-old male F344 rats were divided into three experimental groups: control (CON), immobilized (IM), and immobilized with Radix astragali administration (IM+AR). Rats in the IM and IM+AR groups were subjected to immobilization of both lower extremities using casting-tape for 14 days. Rats in the IM+AR group were orally administered a decoction of Radix astragali daily for 21 days beginning 7 days before cast immobilization. As expected, rats in the IM group showed significant decreases (P < 0.05) in soleus and plantaris muscle-to-body weight ratios by 74.3% and 70.5%, respectively, compared with those in the CON group. Administration of Radix astragali significantly reversed (+35.5%) the weight reduction observed in soleus muscle, but not in the plantaris muscle, compared with that in the IM group. Furthermore, administration of Radix astragali inhibited MuRF1 mRNA expression only in the soleus muscle during cast immobilization. Our results demonstrated that administration of Radix astragali suppressed the immobilization-induced reductions in skeletal muscle mass and expression of MuRF1 mRNA in slow-twitch soleus muscles, but not in fast-twitch plantaris muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Nozaki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
| | - Yung-Li Hung
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
| | - Kana Takagi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
| | - Daiki Nakano
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
| | - Takako Fujii
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
| | | | - Takeshi Okamoto
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Study, Tokai University
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University
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35
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Paulussen KJM, McKenna CF, Beals JW, Wilund KR, Salvador AF, Burd NA. Anabolic Resistance of Muscle Protein Turnover Comes in Various Shapes and Sizes. Front Nutr 2021; 8:615849. [PMID: 34026802 PMCID: PMC8131552 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.615849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anabolic resistance is defined by a blunted stimulation of muscle protein synthesis rates (MPS) to common anabolic stimuli in skeletal muscle tissue such as dietary protein and exercise. Generally, MPS is the target of most exercise and feeding interventions as muscle protein breakdown rates seem to be less responsive to these stimuli. Ultimately, the blunted responsiveness of MPS to dietary protein and exercise underpins the loss of the amount and quality of skeletal muscle mass leading to decrements in physical performance in these populations. The increase of both habitual physical activity (including structured exercise that targets general fitness characteristics) and protein dense food ingestion are frontline strategies utilized to support muscle mass, performance, and health. In this paper, we discuss anabolic resistance as a common denominator underpinning muscle mass loss with aging, obesity, and other disease states. Namely, we discuss the fact that anabolic resistance exists as a dimmer switch, capable of varying from higher to lower levels of resistance, to the main anabolic stimuli of feeding and exercise depending on the population. Moreover, we review the evidence on whether increased physical activity and targeted exercise can be leveraged to restore the sensitivity of skeletal muscle tissue to dietary amino acids regardless of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. M. Paulussen
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Colleen F. McKenna
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Joseph W. Beals
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kenneth R. Wilund
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Amadeo F. Salvador
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Burd
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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36
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Winther SB, Foss OA, Klaksvik J, Husby VS. Pain and load progression following an early maximal strength training program in total hip- and knee arthroplasty patients. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2021; 28:2309499020916392. [PMID: 32301372 DOI: 10.1177/2309499020916392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients significantly increase muscle strength after maximal strength training (MST) initiated soon after surgery. Owing to severe postoperative pain, knee patients are anticipated to be more limited in performing heavy load exercises than hip patients. The aim of the present study was to describe pain and load progression during early MST in THA and TKA patients. METHODS Explorative study based on secondary analyses from two randomized controlled trials: 26 THA and 16 TKA patients had their training sessions logged. They trained at 85-90% of their maximal capacity in leg press, and abduction/knee-extension of the operated leg (4 × 5 repetitions) for 8-10 weeks, initiated early postoperatively. RESULTS Knee patients experienced significantly more pain than hip patients during the training sessions (p < 0.03), however, pain before and after training was not different (p > 0.09). All patients significantly increased leg press training load until the last intervention week (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that TKA patients experience more pain than THA patients during training following a MST program but not more than moderate levels during or after training. Pain before and after training is not different. Both groups significantly increased load progression during the intervention. These findings indicate that both THA and TKA patients might perform MST with extensive load progression early after surgery without compromising pain. The studies were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov .
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri B Winther
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinic of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav A Foss
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinic of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jomar Klaksvik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinic of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vigdis S Husby
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinic of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology, and Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital HF, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
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37
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Standley RA, Distefano G, Trevino MB, Chen E, Narain NR, Greenwood B, Kondakci G, Tolstikov VV, Kiebish MA, Yu G, Qi F, Kelly DP, Vega RB, Coen PM, Goodpaster BH. Skeletal Muscle Energetics and Mitochondrial Function Are Impaired Following 10 Days of Bed Rest in Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:1744-1753. [PMID: 31907525 PMCID: PMC7494044 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults exposed to periods of inactivity during hospitalization, illness, or injury lose muscle mass and strength. This, in turn, predisposes poor recovery of physical function upon reambulation and represents a significant health risk for older adults. Bed rest (BR) results in altered skeletal muscle fuel metabolism and loss of oxidative capacity that have recently been linked to the muscle atrophy program. Our primary objective was to explore the effects of BR on mitochondrial energetics in muscle from older adults. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of β-hydroxy-β-methylbuturate (HMB) supplementation on mitochondrial energetics. Methods We studied 20 older adults before and after a 10-day BR intervention, who consumed a complete oral nutritional supplement (ONS) with HMB (3.0 g/d HMB, n = 11) or without HMB (CON, n = 9). Percutaneous biopsies of the vastus lateralis were obtained to determine mitochondrial respiration and H2O2 emission in permeabilized muscle fibers along with markers of content. RNA sequencing and lipidomics analyses were also conducted. Results We found a significant up-regulation of collagen synthesis and down-regulation of ribosome, oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial gene transcripts following BR in the CON group. Alterations to these gene transcripts were significantly blunted in the HMB group. Mitochondrial respiration and markers of content were both reduced and H2O2 emission was elevated in both groups following BR. Conclusions In summary, 10 days of BR in older adults causes a significant deterioration in mitochondrial energetics, while transcriptomic profiling revealed that some of these negative effects may be attenuated by an ONS containing HMB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle B Trevino
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gongxin Yu
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Feng Qi
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rick B Vega
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida.,Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Paul M Coen
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | - Bret H Goodpaster
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute, Orlando, Florida.,Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida
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Laneuville O, Rocheleau L, Chan Chun Kong D, Pelchat M, Trudel G. Effect of rehabilitation on biologic and transcriptomic responses after hospital-acquired deconditioning: a prospective longitudinal feasibility study. Disabil Rehabil 2021; 44:3623-3631. [PMID: 33478276 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2021.1875507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study is to explore the transcriptomic and biologic variables characterizing the longitudinal rehabilitation intervention of patients with hospital-acquired deconditioning (HAD). METHODS This prospective clinical trial recruited HAD patients (n = 10) who spent ≥3 weeks hospitalized and then received inpatient rehabilitation. Functional improvement was measured using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). Transcriptomic and biological variables were recorded at rehabilitation admission and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks post-admission. RNA sequencing studied the temporal changes of gene expression in leukocytes. Between-subject transcriptome comparisons were performed using principle component analysis. Within-subject changes in gene expression were analyzed using a gene ontology hierarchical clustering to identify common biological terms. Heart rate, weight, albumin, creatinine, and complete blood counts were analyzed. RESULTS Patients average age was 50.6 ± 7.2, FIM increased during inpatient rehabilitation (p = 0.01), weight increased (p = 0.01), lymphocytes decreased (p = 0.05), neutrophil increased (0.03) and red cell distribution width decreased (p = 0.05). The temporal profiles of gene expression revealed within-patient homogeneity and between-patients heterogeneity. The biological terms "bone morphogenesis" and "muscle cell development" were the most significantly enriched differentially expressed genes. CONCLUSION Transcriptomic and biologic markers paralleled the functional improvements of HAD patients during inpatient rehabilitation. Transcriptomic analyses were consistent with the cohort heterogeneity. Enrichment of the biological pathways bone morphogenesis and muscle cell development constituted evidence at the gene expression level of the effect of rehabilitation. Larger studies of various rehabilitation patient groups may increase gene expression profile homogeneity. Objective transcriptomic and biologic markers have the potential to improve the rehabilitation of HAD patients.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONNovel gene expression methods are increasingly being integrated into clinical practice and may apply to rehabilitation.Patients with hospital-acquired deconditioning (HAD) enriched gene expression of pathways targeted by inpatient rehabilitation such as bone morphogenesis and muscle cell development.The gene expression paralleled functional improvement of HAD patients.These data demonstrated the feasibility of molecular methods to identify markers of rehabilitation success in HAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odette Laneuville
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lynda Rocheleau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Martin Pelchat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Guy Trudel
- Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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39
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Skoglund E, Grönholdt-Klein M, Rullman E, Thornell LE, Strömberg A, Hedman A, Cederholm T, Ulfhake B, Gustafsson T. Longitudinal Muscle and Myocellular Changes in Community-Dwelling Men Over Two Decades of Successful Aging-The ULSAM Cohort Revisited. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:654-663. [PMID: 31002330 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Participants of the population-based Uppsala longitudinal study of adult men (ULSAM) cohort reaching more than 88 years of age (survivors, S) were investigated at age 70, 82, and 88-90 and compared at 70 years with non-survivors (NS) not reaching 82 years. Body composition, muscle mass and muscle histology were remarkably stable over 18 years of advanced aging in S. Analysis of genes involved in muscle remodeling showed that S had higher mRNA levels of myogenic differentiation factors (Myogenin, MyoD), embryonic myosin (eMyHC), enzymes involved in regulated breakdown of myofibrillar proteins (Smad2, Trim32, MuRF1,) and NCAM compared with healthy adult men (n = 8). S also had higher mRNA levels of eMyHC, Smad 2, MuRF1 compared with NS. At 88 years, S expressed decreased levels of Myogenin, MyoD, eMyHC, NCAM and Smad2 towards those seen in NS at 70 years. The gene expression pattern of S at 70 years was likely beneficial since they maintained muscle fiber histology and appendicular lean body mass until advanced age. The expression pattern at 88 years may indicate a diminished muscle remodeling coherent with a decline of reinnervation capacity and/or plasticity at advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Skoglund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden.,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Sweden
| | | | - Eric Rullman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Strömberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anu Hedman
- Heart Centre East-Tallinn Central Hospital, Estonia
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Brun Ulfhake
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, and Unit of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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40
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Karlsen A, Cullum CK, Norheim KL, Scheel FU, Zinglersen AH, Vahlgren J, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Mackey AL. Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Preserves Leg Lean Mass in Geriatric Patients. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:773-784. [PMID: 31688649 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to examine changes in lean mass during hospitalization in geriatric patients and the effect of muscle activation by neuromuscular electrical stimulation. METHODS Thirteen patients (69-94 yr) at a geriatric ward completed tests at hospital admission (days 2-3) and discharge (days 8-10). One leg received daily stimulation of the knee extensors, whereas the other leg served as a control leg. Lean mass was evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans and muscle thickness by ultrasound scans. Muscle biopsies were collected from both legs at admission and discharge in nine patients and analyzed for fiber size, satellite cell number, and activation and expression of genes associated with muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, connective tissue, and cellular stress. RESULTS The relative decline in leg lean mass and midthigh region lean mass was larger in the control (-2.8% ± 1.5%) versus the stimulated leg (-0.5% ± 1.4%, P < 0.05). Although there were no changes in fiber size or satellite cell number, the mRNA data revealed that, compared with control, the stimulation resulted in a downregulation of myostatin (P < 0.05) and a similar trend for MAFbx (P = 0.099), together with an upregulation of Collagen I (P < 0.001), TenascinC (P < 0.001), CD68 (P < 0.01), and Ki67 (P < 0.05) mRNA. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate a moderate decline in leg lean mass during a hospital stay in geriatric patients, whereas leg lean mass was preserved with daily neuromuscular electrical muscle activation. At the cellular level, the stimulation had a clear influence on suppression of atrophy signaling pathways in parallel with a stimulation of connective tissue and cellular remodeling processes.
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Petrocelli JJ, Drummond MJ. PGC-1α-Targeted Therapeutic Approaches to Enhance Muscle Recovery in Aging. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228650. [PMID: 33233350 PMCID: PMC7700690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Impaired muscle recovery (size and strength) following a disuse period commonly occurs in older adults. Many of these individuals are not able to adequately exercise due to pain and logistic barriers. Thus, nutritional and pharmacological therapeutics, that are translatable, are needed to promote muscle recovery following disuse in older individuals. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) may be a suitable therapeutic target due to pleiotropic regulation of skeletal muscle. This review focuses on nutritional and pharmacological interventions that target PGC-1α and related Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα) signaling in muscle and thus may be rapidly translated to prevent muscle disuse atrophy and promote recovery. In this review, we present several therapeutics that target PGC-1α in skeletal muscle such as leucine, β-hydroxy-β-methylbuyrate (HMB), arginine, resveratrol, metformin and combination therapies that may have future application to conditions of disuse and recovery in humans.
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Swim therapy-induced tissue specific metabolic responses in male rats. Life Sci 2020; 262:118516. [PMID: 33011220 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Swim therapy in the form of moderate physical activity has general health benefits. Regular exercise prevents the progression of chronic diseases affecting the different bodily systems. The metabolic alterations associated with following such lifestyle remain not fully understood. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the metabolic changes following prolonged swim therapy. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. Our results revealed that regular exercise significantly increased the serum levels of growth hormone (GH), glucagon and corticosterone. A reduction in the circulating levels of irisin and insulin hormones, and glucose were noticed alongside with an upregulation in the mRNA expression levels of FNDC5, PGC-1α, GLUT-4 and preptin receptors with downregulation in the expression of Enho gene in the heart of exercised rats. Liver of the exercised rats showed elevation in the transcriptional levels of Enho gene, PPARα, and preptin with reduction in the transcriptional levels of preptin receptors. Exercise induced an increase in the pancreatic mRNA of Enho gene, preptin and preptin receptors, and a reduction in FNDC5, PPARα and PGC-1α. An elevation in the gastrocnemius muscle PGC-1α mRNA expression and a decline in the soleus muscle Enho mRNA were found. Exercise diminishes the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx in the gastrocnemius muscle, liver and pancreas. Myogenin expression increased in all examined skeletal muscles. This study takes into account the complex crosstalk between different signaling pathways in skeletal muscles, heart, liver and pancreas as well as the metabolic alterations in response to regular exercise.
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Sancho-Muñoz A, Guitart M, Rodríguez DA, Gea J, Martínez-Llorens J, Barreiro E. Deficient muscle regeneration potential in sarcopenic COPD patients: Role of satellite cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3083-3098. [PMID: 32989805 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a major comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary (COPD). Whether deficient muscle repair mechanisms and regeneration exist in the vastus lateralis (VL) of sarcopenic COPD remains debatable. In the VL of control subjects and severe COPD patients with/without sarcopenia, satellite cells (SCs) were identified (immunofluorescence, specific antibodies, anti-Pax-7, and anti-Myf-5): activated (Pax-7+/Myf-5+), quiescent/regenerative potential (Pax-7+/Myf-5-), and total SCs, nuclear activation (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling [TUNEL]), and muscle fiber type (morphometry and slow- and fast-twitch, and hybrid fibers), muscle damage (hematoxylin-eosin staining), muscle regeneration markers (Pax-7, Myf-5, myogenin, and MyoD), and myostatin levels were identified. Compared to controls, in VL of sarcopenic COPD patients, myostatin content, activated SCs, hybrid fiber proportions, TUNEL-positive cells, internal nuclei, and muscle damage significantly increased, while quadriceps muscle strength, numbers of Pax-7+/Myf-5- and slow- and fast-twitch, and hybrid myofiber areas decreased. In the VL of sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic patients, TUNEL-positive cells were greater, whereas muscle regeneration marker expression was lower than in controls. In VL of severe COPD patients regardless of the sarcopenia level, the muscle regeneration process is triggered as identified by SC activation and increased internal nuclei. Nonetheless, a lower regenerative potential along with significant alterations in muscle phenotype and damage, and increased myostatin were prominently seen in sarcopenic COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sancho-Muñoz
- Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Guitart
- Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego A Rodríguez
- Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gea
- Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana Martínez-Llorens
- Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona, Spain.,Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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Chromatin and transcriptome changes in human myoblasts show spatio-temporal correlations and demonstrate DPP4 inhibition in differentiated myotubes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14336. [PMID: 32868771 PMCID: PMC7459101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although less attention was paid to understanding physical localization changes in cell nuclei recently, depicting chromatin interaction maps is a topic of high interest. Here, we focused on defining extensive physical changes in chromatin organization in the process of skeletal myoblast differentiation. Based on RNA profiling data and 3D imaging of myogenic (NCAM1, DES, MYOG, ACTN3, MYF5, MYF6, ACTN2, and MYH2) and other selected genes (HPRT1, CDH15, DPP4 and VCAM1), we observed correlations between the following: (1) expression change and localization, (2) a gene and its genomic neighbourhood expression and (3) intra-chromosome and microscopical locus-centromere distances. In particular, we demonstrated the negative regulation of DPP4 mRNA (p < 0.001) and protein (p < 0.05) in differentiated myotubes, which coincided with a localization change of the DPP4 locus towards the nuclear lamina (p < 0.001) and chromosome 2 centromere (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of DPP4 in myoblasts (supported by an inhibition assay). We also provide positive regulation examples (VCAM1 and MYH2). Overall, we describe for the first time existing mechanisms of spatial gene expression regulation in myoblasts that might explain the issue of heterogenic responses observed during muscle regenerative therapies.
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Endo Y, Nourmahnad A, Sinha I. Optimizing Skeletal Muscle Anabolic Response to Resistance Training in Aging. Front Physiol 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 32792984 PMCID: PMC7390896 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, also termed sarcopenia, results in a loss of mobility and independence. Exercise, particularly resistance training, has proven to be beneficial in counteracting the aging-associated loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. However, the anabolic response to exercise in old age is not as robust, with blunted improvements in muscle size, strength, and function in comparison to younger individuals. This review provides an overview of several physiological changes which may contribute to age-related loss of muscle mass and decreased anabolism in response to resistance training in the elderly. Additionally, the following supplemental therapies with potential to synergize with resistance training to increase muscle mass are discussed: nutrition, creatine, anti-inflammatory drugs, testosterone, and growth hormone (GH). Although these interventions hold some promise, further research is necessary to optimize the response to exercise in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yori Endo
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Atousa Nourmahnad
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Indranil Sinha
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Mañas-García L, Guitart M, Duran X, Barreiro E. Satellite Cells and Markers of Muscle Regeneration during Unloading and Reloading: Effects of Treatment with Resveratrol and Curcumin. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061870. [PMID: 32585875 PMCID: PMC7353305 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that treatment with pharmacological agents known to increase sirtuin-1 activity (resveratrol and curcumin) may enhance muscle regeneration. In limb muscles of mice (C57BL/6J, 10 weeks) exposed to reloading for seven days following a seven-day period of hindlimb immobilization with/without curcumin or resveratrol treatment, progenitor muscle cell numbers (FACS), satellite cell subtypes (histology), early and late muscle regeneration markers, phenotype and morphometry, sirtuin-1 activity and content, and muscle function were assessed. Treatment with either resveratrol or curcumin in immobilized muscles elicited a significant improvement in numbers of progenitor, activated, quiescent, and total counts of muscle satellite cells, compared to non-treated animals. Treatment with either resveratrol or curcumin in reloaded muscles compared to non-treated mice induced a significant improvement in the CSA of both hybrid (curcumin) and fast-twitch fibers (resveratrol), sirtuin-1 activity (curcumin), sirtuin-1 content (resveratrol), and counts of progenitor muscle cells (resveratrol). Treatment with the pharmacological agents resveratrol and curcumin enhanced the numbers of satellite cells (muscle progenitor, quiescent, activated, and total satellite cells) in the unloaded limb muscles but not in the reloaded muscles. These findings have potential clinical implications as treatment with these phenolic compounds would predominantly be indicated during disuse muscle atrophy to enhance the muscle regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mañas-García
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (M.G.)
| | - Maria Guitart
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Duran
- Scientific and Technical Department, Hospital del Mar-IMIM, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esther Barreiro
- Pulmonology Department-Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Health and Experimental Sciences Department (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.-G.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-316-0385; Fax: +34-93-316-0410
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Hansen SK, Ratzer J, Nielsen JL, Suetta C, Karlsen A, Kvorning T, Frandsen U, Aagaard P. Effects of alternating blood flow restricted training and heavy-load resistance training on myofiber morphology and mechanical muscle function. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1523-1532. [PMID: 32324471 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00015.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate if short-term block-structured training consisting of alternating weeks of blood flow restricted low-load resistance training (BFR-RT) and conventional free-flow heavy-load resistance training (HL-RT) leads to superior gains in mechanical muscle function, myofiber size, and satellite cell (SC) content and myonuclear number compared with HL-RT alone. Eighteen active young participants (women/men: 5/13, 23 ± 1.2 yr) were randomized to 6 wk (22 sessions) of lower limb HL-RT [70-90% one repetition maximum (1-RM)] (HRT, n = 9) or block-structured training alternating weekly between BFR-RT (20% 1-RM) and HL-RT (BFR-HRT, n = 9). Maximal isometric knee extensor strength (MVC) and muscle biopsies (VL) were obtained pre- and posttraining to examine changes in muscle strength, myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA), myonuclear (MN) number, and SC content. MVC increased in both training groups (BFR-HRT: +12%, HRT: +7%; P < 0.05). Type II myofiber CSA increased similarly (+16%) in BFR-HRT and HRT (P < 0.05), while gains in type I CSA were observed following HRT only (+12%, P < 0.05). In addition, myonuclear number remained unchanged, whereas SC content increased in type II myofibers following HRT (+59%, P < 0.05). Short-term alternating BFR-RT and HL-RT did not produce superior gains in muscle strength or myofiber size compared with HL-RT alone. Noticeably, however, conventional HL-RT could be periodically replaced by low-load BFR-RT without compromising training-induced gains in maximal muscle strength and type II myofiber size, respectively.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present data demonstrate that periodically substituting heavy-load resistance training (HL-RT) with low-load blood flow restricted resistance training (BFR-RT) leads to similar gains in type II myofiber CSA and muscle strength as achieved by HL-RT alone. Furthermore, we have for the first time evaluated myonuclear content and myonuclear domain size before and after training intervention across separate fiber size clusters and found no within-cluster changes for these parameters with training.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Hansen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Ratzer
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J L Nielsen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Herlev-Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Karlsen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Kvorning
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Team Danmark (The Danish Elite Sport Institution), Brøndby, Denmark
| | - U Frandsen
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - P Aagaard
- Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
Individuals that maintain healthy skeletal tissue tend to live healthier, happier lives as proper muscle function enables maintenance of independence and actuation of autonomy. The onset of skeletal muscle decline begins around the age of 30, and muscle atrophy is associated with a number of serious morbidities and mortalities. Satellite cells are responsible for regeneration of skeletal muscle and enter a reversible non-dividing state of quiescence under homeostatic conditions. In response to injury, satellite cells are able to activate and re-enter the cell cycle, creating new cells to repair and create nascent muscle fibres while preserving a small population that can return to quiescence for future regenerative demands. However, in aged muscle, satellite cells that experience prolonged quiescence will undergo programmed cellular senescence, an irreversible non-dividing state that handicaps the regenerative capabilities of muscle. This review examines how periodic activation and cycling of satellite cells through exercise can mitigate senescence acquisition and myogenic decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Chen
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - David Datzkiw
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8L6.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle strength loss following immobilisation has been predominantly attributed to rapid muscle atrophy. However, this cannot fully explain the magnitude of muscle strength loss, so changes in neuromuscular function (NMF) may be involved. OBJECTIVES We systematically reviewed literature that quantified changes in muscle strength, size and NMF following periods of limb immobilisation in vivo in humans. METHODS Studies were identified following systematic searches, assessed for inclusion, data extracted and quality appraised by two reviewers. Data were tabulated and reported narratively. RESULTS Forty eligible studies were included, 22 immobilised lower and 18 immobilised upper limbs. Limb immobilisation ranged from 12 h to 56 days. Isometric muscle strength and muscle size declined following immobilisation; however, change magnitude was greater for strength than size. Evoked resting twitch force decreased for lower but increased for upper limbs. Rate of force development either remained unchanged or slowed for lower and typically slowed for upper limbs. Twitch relaxation rate slowed for both lower and upper limbs. Central motor drive typically decreased for both locations, while electromyography amplitude during maximum voluntary contractions decreased for the lower and presented mixed findings for the upper limbs. Trends imply faster rates of NMF loss relative to size earlier in immobilisation periods for all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Limb immobilisation results in non-uniform loss of isometric muscle strength, size and NMF over time. Different outcomes between upper and lower limbs could be attributed to higher degrees of central neural control of upper limb musculature. Future research should focus on muscle function losses and mechanisms following acute immobilisation. REGISTRATION PROSPERO reference: CRD42016033692.
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Ishikawa K, Fukushima A, Yokota T, Takada S, Furihata T, Kakutani N, Yamanashi K, Obata Y, Nakano I, Abe T, Kinugawa S, Anzai T. Clinical Impact and Associated Factors of Delayed Ambulation in Patients With Acute Heart Failure. Circ Rep 2020; 1:179-186. [PMID: 33693135 PMCID: PMC7889457 DOI: 10.1253/circrep.cr-18-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:
In heart failure (HF) management, early ambulation is recommended to prevent physical deconditioning. The effects of delayed ambulation on later clinical outcomes and the factors linked to delayed ambulation in hospitalized HF patients, however, remain unestablished. Methods and Results:
We retrospectively investigated 101 patients (mean age, 66±17 years) who were hospitalized for acute decompensated HF. During the mean follow-up of 244±15 days after hospital discharge, 34 patients had cardiovascular events leading to death or unplanned readmission. Patients with cardiovascular events had longer median days to acquire ambulation than those without cardiovascular events (11 days, IQR, 8–20 days vs. 7 days, IQR, 5–15 days, P<0.001). The optimal cut-off period until initiation of ambulation to discriminate cardiovascular events was 8 days, indicating that longer days (≥8 days) to acquire ambulation was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events, even after adjustment of multiple confounders. On multivariate analysis, age >65 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–6.09) and increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN; OR, 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01–1.08) were independent predictors of delayed ambulation. Conclusions:
Delayed ambulation is associated with older age and increased BUN in patients with acute HF. Time to ambulation in the recovery phase of acute HF is important, and delayed ambulation may increase the rate of cardiovascular events after hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Ishikawa
- Department of Nursing, Hokkaido University of Science Sapporo Japan.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Arata Fukushima
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Takashi Yokota
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Shingo Takada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Takaaki Furihata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Naoya Kakutani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Katsuma Yamanashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Yoshikuni Obata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Ippei Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Takahiro Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Shintaro Kinugawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
| | - Toshihisa Anzai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University Sapporo Japan
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