1
|
Cahill LC, Yoshitake T, Rosen M, Weber TD, Fujimoto JG, Rosen S. Data retrieval from archival renal biopsies using nonlinear microscopy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299506. [PMID: 38489324 PMCID: PMC10942027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Thorough examination of renal biopsies may improve understanding of renal disease. Imaging of renal biopsies with fluorescence nonlinear microscopy (NLM) and optical clearing enables three-dimensional (3D) visualization of pathology without microtome sectioning. Archival renal paraffin blocks from 12 patients were deparaffinized and stained with Hoechst and Eosin for fluorescent nuclear and cytoplasmic/stromal contrast, then optically cleared using benzyl alcohol benzyl benzoate (BABB). NLM images of entire biopsy fragments (thickness range 88-660 μm) were acquired using NLM with fluorescent signals mapped to an H&E color scale. Cysts, glomeruli, exudative lesions, and Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules were segmented in 3D and their volumes, diameters, and percent composition could be obtained. The glomerular count on 3D NLM volumes was high indicating that archival blocks could be a vast tissue resource to enable larger-scale retrospective studies. Rapid optical clearing and NLM imaging enables more thorough biopsy examination and is a promising technique for analysis of archival paraffin blocks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Cahill
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Milan Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Timothy D. Weber
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang T, Gong H, Yuan J. Whole-brain Optical Imaging: A Powerful Tool for Precise Brain Mapping at the Mesoscopic Level. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1840-1858. [PMID: 37715920 PMCID: PMC10661546 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01112-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian brain is a highly complex network that consists of millions to billions of densely-interconnected neurons. Precise dissection of neural circuits at the mesoscopic level can provide important structural information for understanding the brain. Optical approaches can achieve submicron lateral resolution and achieve "optical sectioning" by a variety of means, which has the natural advantage of allowing the observation of neural circuits at the mesoscopic level. Automated whole-brain optical imaging methods based on tissue clearing or histological sectioning surpass the limitation of optical imaging depth in biological tissues and can provide delicate structural information in a large volume of tissues. Combined with various fluorescent labeling techniques, whole-brain optical imaging methods have shown great potential in the brain-wide quantitative profiling of cells, circuits, and blood vessels. In this review, we summarize the principles and implementations of various whole-brain optical imaging methods and provide some concepts regarding their future development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology-Suzhou Institute for Brainsmatics, Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li LZ, Masek M, Wang T, Xu HN, Nioka S, Baur JA, Ragan TM. Two-Photon Autofluorescence Imaging of Fixed Tissues: Feasibility and Potential Values for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1232:375-381. [PMID: 31893434 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-34461-0_48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The value of optical redox imaging (ORI) of cells/tissues based on the intrinsic fluorescences of NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and oxidized flavoproteins (containing flavin adenine dinucleotide, i.e., FAD) has been demonstrated for potential biomedical applications including diagnosis, prognosis, and determining treatment response. However, the Chance redox scanner (a 3D cryogenic tissue imager) is limited by spatial resolution (~50 μm), and tissue ORI using fluorescence microscopy (single or multi-photon) is limited by the light penetration depth. Furthermore, viable or snap-frozen tissues are usually required. In this project, we aimed to study whether ORI may be achieved for unstained fixed tissue using a state-of-the-art modern Serial Two-Photon (STP) Tomography scanner that can rapidly acquire multi-plane images at micron resolution. Tissue specimens of mouse muscle, liver, and tumor xenografts were harvested and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) for 24 h. Tissue blocks were scanned by STP Tomography under room temperature to acquire the autofluorescence signals (NADH channel: excitation 750 nm, blue emission filter; FAD channel: excitation 860 nm, green emission filter). We observed remarkable signals with significant intra-tissue heterogeneity in images of NADH, FAD and redox ratio (FAD/(NADH+FAD)), which are worthy of further investigation for extracting biological information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Z Li
- Department of Radiology & Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Institute of Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | | | - Ting Wang
- Department of Radiology & Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - He N Xu
- Department of Radiology & Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shoko Nioka
- Department of Radiology & Britton Chance Laboratory of Redox Imaging, Johnson Research Foundation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph A Baur
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdeladim L, Matho KS, Clavreul S, Mahou P, Sintes JM, Solinas X, Arganda-Carreras I, Turney SG, Lichtman JW, Chessel A, Bemelmans AP, Loulier K, Supatto W, Livet J, Beaurepaire E. Multicolor multiscale brain imaging with chromatic multiphoton serial microscopy. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1662. [PMID: 30971684 PMCID: PMC6458155 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale microscopy approaches are transforming brain imaging, but currently lack efficient multicolor contrast modalities. We introduce chromatic multiphoton serial (ChroMS) microscopy, a method integrating one-shot multicolor multiphoton excitation through wavelength mixing and serial block-face image acquisition. This approach provides organ-scale micrometric imaging of spectrally distinct fluorescent proteins and label-free nonlinear signals with constant micrometer-scale resolution and sub-micron channel registration over the entire imaged volume. We demonstrate tridimensional (3D) multicolor imaging over several cubic millimeters as well as brain-wide serial 2D multichannel imaging. We illustrate the strengths of this method through color-based 3D analysis of astrocyte morphology and contacts in the mouse cerebral cortex, tracing of individual pyramidal neurons within densely Brainbow-labeled tissue, and multiplexed whole-brain mapping of axonal projections labeled with spectrally distinct tracers. ChroMS will be an asset for multiscale and system-level studies in neuroscience and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiae Abdeladim
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Katherine S Matho
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, 11724, NY, USA
| | - Solène Clavreul
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Pierre Mahou
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sintes
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Xavier Solinas
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Ignacio Arganda-Carreras
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastian, 20018, Spain
| | - Stephen G Turney
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Center for Brain Science and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA
| | - Anatole Chessel
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Molecular Imaging Research Center, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Fontenay-aux-Roses, 92265, France
| | - Karine Loulier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Willy Supatto
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Jean Livet
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 rue Moreau, Paris, 75012, France.
| | - Emmanuel Beaurepaire
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, IP Paris, Palaiseau, 91128, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martin C, Li T, Hegarty E, Zhao P, Mondal S, Ben-Yakar A. Line excitation array detection fluorescence microscopy at 0.8 million frames per second. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4499. [PMID: 30374138 PMCID: PMC6206139 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional, fluorescence imaging methods with ~1 MHz frame rates are needed for high-speed, blur-free flow cytometry and capturing volumetric neuronal activity. The frame rates of current imaging methods are limited to kHz by the photon budget, slow camera readout, and/or slow laser beam scanners. Here, we present line excitation array detection (LEAD) fluorescence microscopy, a high-speed imaging method capable of providing 0.8 million frames per second. The method performs 0.8 MHz line-scanning of an excitation laser beam using a chirped signal-driven longitudinal acousto-optic deflector to create a virtual light-sheet, and images the field-of-view with a linear photomultiplier tube array to generate a 66 × 14 pixel frame each scan cycle. We implement LEAD microscopy as a blur-free flow cytometer for Caenorhabditis elegans moving at 1 m s-1 with 3.5-µm resolution and signal-to-background ratios >200. Signal-to-noise measurements indicate future LEAD fluorescence microscopes can reach higher resolutions and pixels per frame without compromising frame rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Tianqi Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Evan Hegarty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Peisen Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Sudip Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Adela Ben-Yakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 204 E Dean Keeton St., Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 2501 Speedway, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang LY, Lin P, Pan J, Ma Y, Wei Z, Jiang L, Wang L, Song Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Jin K, Wang Q, Yang GY. CLARITY for High-resolution Imaging and Quantification of Vasculature in the Whole Mouse Brain. Aging Dis 2018; 9:262-272. [PMID: 29896415 PMCID: PMC5963347 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the normal structure and distribution of cerebral vascular system is fundamental for understanding its function. However, studies on visualization and whole-brain quantification of vasculature with cellular resolution are limited. Here, we explored the structure of vasculature at the whole-brain level using the newly developed CLARITY technique. Adult male C57BL/6J mice undergoing transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and Tie2-RFP transgenic mice were used. Whole mouse brains were extracted for CLARITY processing. Immunostaining was performed to label vessels. Customized MATLAB code was used for image processing and quantification. Three-dimensional images were visualized using the Vaa3D software. Our results showed that whole mouse brain became transparent using the CLARITY method. Three-dimensional imaging and visualization of vasculature were achieved at the whole-brain level with a 1-μm voxel resolution. The quantitative results showed that the fractional vascular volume was 0.018 ± 0.004 mm3 per mm3, the normalized vascular length was 0.44 ± 0.04 m per mm3, and the mean diameter of the microvessels was 4.25 ± 0.08 μm. Furthermore, a decrease in the fractional vascular volume and a decrease in the normalized vascular length were found in the penumbra of ischemic mice compared to controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, CLARITY provides a novel approach for mapping vasculature in the whole mouse brain at cellular resolution. CLARITY-optimized algorithms facilitate the assessment of structural change in vasculature after brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Yuan Zhang
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Lin
- 2Medical Image Computing Lab and
| | - Jiaji Pan
- 3Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Wei
- 4Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201999, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- 3Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Liping Wang
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Song
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongting Wang
- 3Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- 3Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- 5Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, TX76107, USA
| | | | - Guo-Yuan Yang
- 1Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,3Neuroscience and Neuroengineering Research Center, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and optical imaging have emerged as key tools to understand brain function and neurological disorders in preclinical mouse models. They offer the unique advantage of monitoring individual structural and functional changes over time. What remained unsolved until recently was to generate whole-brain microscopy data which can be correlated to the 3D in vivo neuroimaging data. Conventional histological sections are inappropriate especially for neuronal tracing or the unbiased screening for molecular targets through the whole brain. As part of the European Society for Molecular Imaging (ESMI) meeting 2016 in Utrecht, the Netherlands, we addressed this issue in the Molecular Neuroimaging study group meeting. Presentations covered new brain clearing methods, light sheet microscopes for large samples, and automatic registration of microscopy to in vivo imaging data. In this article, we summarize the discussion; give an overview of the novel techniques; and discuss the practical needs, benefits, and limitations.
Collapse
|
8
|
Magnain C, Wang H, Sakadžić S, Fischl B, Boas DA. En face speckle reduction in optical coherence microscopy by frequency compounding. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:1925-8. [PMID: 27128040 PMCID: PMC5350630 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of frequency compounding to significantly reduce speckle noise in optical coherence microscopy, more specifically on the en face images. This method relies on the fact that the speckle patterns recorded from different wavelengths simultaneously are independent; hence their summation yields significant reduction in noise, with only a single acquisition. The results of our experiments with microbeads show that the narrow confocal parameter, due to a high numerical aperture objective, restricts the axial resolution loss that would otherwise theoretically broaden linearly with the number of optical frequency bands used. This speckle reduction scheme preserves the lateral resolution since it is performed on individual A-scans. Finally, we apply this technique to images of fixed human brain tissue, showing significant improvements in contrast-to-noise ratio with only moderate loss of axial resolution, in an effort to improve automatic three-dimensional detection of cells and fibers in the cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Magnain
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Corresponding author:
| | - Hui Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
- Computer Science and AI Laboratory, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - David A. Boas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Amato SP, Pan F, Schwartz J, Ragan TM. Whole Brain Imaging with Serial Two-Photon Tomography. Front Neuroanat 2016; 10:31. [PMID: 27047350 PMCID: PMC4802409 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2016.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging entire mouse brains at submicron resolution has historically been a challenging undertaking and largely confined to the province of dedicated atlasing initiatives. This has limited systematic investigations into important areas of neuroscience, such as neural circuits, brain mapping and neurodegeneration. In this article, we describe in detail Serial Two-Photon (STP) tomography, a robust, reliable method for imaging entire brains with histological detail. We provide examples of how the basic methodology can be extended to other imaging modalities, such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), in order to provide unique contrast mechanisms. Furthermore, we provide a survey of the research that STP tomography has enabled in the field of neuroscience, provide examples of how this technology enables quantitative whole brain studies, and discuss the current limitations of STP tomography-based approaches.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng X, Lu Y, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Ren W, Liu D, Lu J, Piper JA, Leif RC, Liu X, Jin D. High-Precision Pinpointing of Luminescent Targets in Encoder-Assisted Scanning Microscopy Allowing High-Speed Quantitative Analysis. Anal Chem 2015; 88:1312-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b03767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xianlin Zheng
- Advanced
Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
(CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yiqing Lu
- Advanced
Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
(CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jiangbo Zhao
- Advanced
Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
(CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Yuhai Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Ren
- Institute
for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Deming Liu
- Advanced
Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
(CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Jie Lu
- Advanced
Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
(CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - James A. Piper
- Advanced
Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
(CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Robert C. Leif
- Newport Instruments, 3345 Hopi
Place, San Diego, California 92117-3516, United States
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Institute
of Materials
Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and
Research), 3 Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - Dayong Jin
- Advanced
Cytometry Laboratories, ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics
(CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
- Institute
for Biomedical Materials and Devices, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dodt HU, Saghafi S, Becker K, Jährling N, Hahn C, Pende M, Wanis M, Niendorf A. Ultramicroscopy: development and outlook. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:041407. [PMID: 26730396 PMCID: PMC4696521 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.4.041407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We present an overview of the ultramicroscopy technique we developed. Starting from developments 100 years ago, we designed a light sheet microscope and a chemical clearing to image complete mouse brains. Fluorescence of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled neurons in mouse brains could be preserved with our 3DISCO clearing and high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) recordings were obtained. Ultramicroscopy was also used to image whole mouse embryos and flies. We improved the optical sectioning of our light sheet microscope by generating longer and thinner light sheets with aspheric optics. To obtain high-resolution images, we corrected available air microscope objectives for clearing solutions with high refractive index. We discuss how eventually super resolution could be realized in light sheet microscopy by applying stimulated emission depletion technology. Also the imaging of brain function by recording of mouse brains expressing cfos-GFP is discussed. Finally, we show the first 3-D recordings of human breast cancer with light sheet microscopy as application in medical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Ulrich Dodt
- Vienna University of Technology, FKE, Chair of Bioelectronics, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Address all correspondence to: Hans-Ulrich Dodt, E-mail:
| | - Saiedeh Saghafi
- Vienna University of Technology, FKE, Chair of Bioelectronics, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Becker
- Vienna University of Technology, FKE, Chair of Bioelectronics, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Jährling
- Vienna University of Technology, FKE, Chair of Bioelectronics, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Hahn
- Vienna University of Technology, FKE, Chair of Bioelectronics, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marko Pende
- Vienna University of Technology, FKE, Chair of Bioelectronics, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Wanis
- Vienna University of Technology, FKE, Chair of Bioelectronics, Floragasse 7, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Center for Brain Research, Spitalgasse 4, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Axel Niendorf
- Pathologie Hamburg-West, Lornsenstraße 4, 22767 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Biomechanical properties and microstructure of human ventricular myocardium. Acta Biomater 2015; 24:172-92. [PMID: 26141152 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the multidisciplinary field of heart research it is of utmost importance to identify accurate myocardium material properties for the description of phenomena such as mechano-electric feedback or heart wall thickening. A rationally-based material model is required to understand the highly nonlinear mechanics of complex structures such as the passive myocardium under different loading conditions. Unfortunately, to date there are no experimental data of human heart tissues available to estimate material parameters and to develop adequate material models. This study aimed to determine biaxial extension and triaxial shear properties and the underlying microstructure of the passive human ventricular myocardium. Using new state-of-the-art equipment, planar biaxial extension tests were performed to determine the biaxial extension properties of the passive ventricular human myocardium. Shear properties of the myocardium were examined by triaxial simple shear tests performed on small cubic specimens excised from an adjacent region of the biaxial extension specimens. The three-dimensional microstructure was investigated through second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy on optically cleared tissues, which emphasized the 3D orientation and dispersion of the myofibers and adjacent collagen fabrics. The results suggest that the passive human LV myocardium under quasi-static and dynamic multiaxial loadings is a nonlinear, anisotropic (orthotropic), viscoelastic and history-dependent soft biological material undergoing large deformations. Material properties of the tissue components along local microstructural axes drive the nonlinear and orthotropic features of the myocardium. SHG microscopy investigation revealed detailed information about the myocardial microstructure due to its high resolution. It enabled the identification of structural parameters such as the fiber and the sheet orientations and corresponding dispersions. With this complete set of material data, a sophisticated material model and associated material parameters can be defined for a better description of the biomechanical response of the ventricular myocardium in humans. Such a model will lead to more accurate computational simulations to better understand the fundamental underlying ventricular mechanics, a step needed in the improvement of medical treatment of heart diseases. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Unfortunately, to date there are no experimental data of human heart tissues available for material parameter estimation and the development of adequate material models. In this manuscript novel biaxial tensile and shear test data at different specimen orientations are presented, which allowed to adequately capture the direction-dependent material response. With these complete sets of mechanical data, combined with their underlying microstructural data (also presented herein), sophisticated material models and associated material parameters can be defined for the description of the mechanical behavior of the ventricular myocardium in humans. Such models will lead to accurate computational simulations to better understand the fundamental underlying ventricular mechanics, a step needed in the improvement of medical treatment of heart diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yuan J, Gong H, Li A, Li X, Chen S, Zeng S, Luo Q. Visible rodent brain-wide networks at single-neuron resolution. Front Neuroanat 2015; 9:70. [PMID: 26074784 PMCID: PMC4446545 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2015.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There are some unsolvable fundamental questions, such as cell type classification, neural circuit tracing and neurovascular coupling, though great progresses are being made in neuroscience. Because of the structural features of neurons and neural circuits, the solution of these questions needs us to break through the current technology of neuroanatomy for acquiring the exactly fine morphology of neuron and vessels and tracing long-distant circuit at axonal resolution in the whole brain of mammals. Combined with fast-developing labeling techniques, efficient whole-brain optical imaging technology emerging at the right moment presents a huge potential in the structure and function research of specific-function neuron and neural circuit. In this review, we summarize brain-wide optical tomography techniques, review the progress on visible brain neuronal/vascular networks benefit from these novel techniques, and prospect the future technical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China ; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China ; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Anan Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China ; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangning Li
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China ; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Shangbin Chen
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China ; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoqun Zeng
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China ; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China ; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Photonics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Das R, Murphy RG, Seibel EJ. Beyond isolated cells: microfluidic transport of large tissue for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2015; 9320. [PMID: 25914501 DOI: 10.1117/12.2076833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
For cancer diagnoses, core biopsies (CBs) obtained from patients using coring needles (CNs) are traditionally visualized and assessed on microscope slides by pathologists after samples are processed and sectioned. A fundamental gain in optical information (i.e., diagnosis/staging) may be achieved when whole, unsectioned CBs (L = 5-20, D = 0.5-2.0 mm) are analyzed in 3D. This approach preserves CBs for traditional pathology and maximizes the diagnostic potential of patient samples. To bridge CNs/CBs with imaging, our group developed a microfluidic device that performs biospecimen preparation on unsectioned CBs for pathology. The ultimate goal is an automated and rapid point-of-care system that aids pathologists by processing tissue for advanced 3D imaging platforms. An inherent, but essential device feature is the microfluidic transport of CBs, which has not been previously investigated. Early experiments demonstrated proof-of-concept: pancreas CBs (D = 0.3-2.0 mm) of set lengths were transported in straight/curved microchannels, but dimensional tolerance and flow rates were variable, and preservation of CB integrity was uncontrolled. A second study used metal cylinder substitutes (L = 10, D = 1 mm) in microchannels to understand the transport mechanism. However, CBs are imperfectly shaped, rough, porous and viscoelastic. In this study, fresh/formalin-fixed porcine and human pancreas CBs were deposited into our device through a custom interface using clinical CNs. CB integrity (i.e., sample viability) may be assessed at every stage using an optomechanical metric: physical breaks were determined when specimen intensity profile data deviated beyond xavg + 2σ. Flow rates for human CBs were determined for several CNs, and microfluidic transport of fresh and formalin-fixed CBs was analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Das
- Human Photonics Laboratory, University of Washington, 4000 Mason Road, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Rachel G Murphy
- Human Photonics Laboratory, University of Washington, 4000 Mason Road, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Eric J Seibel
- Human Photonics Laboratory, University of Washington, 4000 Mason Road, Seattle, WA 98195
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li H, Cui Q, Zhang Z, Fu L, Luo Q. Nonlinear optical microscopy for immunoimaging: a custom optimized system of high-speed, large-area, multicolor imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2015; 5:30-9. [PMID: 25694951 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.11.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nonlinear optical microscopy has become the current state-of-the-art for intravital imaging. Due to its advantages of high resolution, superior tissue penetration, lower photodamage and photobleaching, as well as intrinsic z-sectioning ability, this technology has been widely applied in immunoimaging for a decade. However, in terms of monitoring immune events in native physiological environment, the conventional nonlinear optical microscope system has to be optimized for live animal imaging. Generally speaking, three crucial capabilities are desired, including high-speed, large-area and multicolor imaging. Among numerous high-speed scanning mechanisms used in nonlinear optical imaging, polygon scanning is not only linearly but also dispersion-freely with high stability and tunable rotation speed, which can overcome disadvantages of multifocal scanning, resonant scanner and acousto-optical deflector (AOD). However, low frame rate, lacking large-area or multicolor imaging ability make current polygonbased nonlinear optical microscopes unable to meet the requirements of immune event monitoring. METHODS We built up a polygon-based nonlinear optical microscope system which was custom optimized for immunoimaging with high-speed, large-are and multicolor imaging abilities. RESULTS Firstly, we validated the imaging performance of the system by standard methods. Then, to demonstrate the ability to monitor immune events, migration of immunocytes observed by the system based on typical immunological models such as lymph node, footpad and dorsal skinfold chamber are shown. Finally, we take an outlook for the possible advance of related technologies such as sample stabilization and optical clearing for more stable and deeper intravital immunoimaging. CONCLUSIONS This study will be helpful for optimizing nonlinear optical microscope to obtain more comprehensive and accurate information of immune events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- 1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, China ; 2 MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Quan Cui
- 1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, China ; 2 MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- 1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, China ; 2 MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ling Fu
- 1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, China ; 2 MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qingming Luo
- 1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan 430074, China ; 2 MoE Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Magnain C, Augustinack JC, Konukoglu E, Frosch MP, Sakadžić S, Varjabedian A, Garcia N, Wedeen VJ, Boas DA, Fischl B. Optical coherence tomography visualizes neurons in human entorhinal cortex. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:015004. [PMID: 25741528 PMCID: PMC4346095 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.1.015004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The cytoarchitecture of the human brain is of great interest in diverse fields: neuroanatomy, neurology, neuroscience, and neuropathology. Traditional histology is a method that has been historically used to assess cell and fiber content in the ex vivo human brain. However, this technique suffers from significant distortions. We used a previously demonstrated optical coherence microscopy technique to image individual neurons in several square millimeters of en-face tissue blocks from layer II of the human entorhinal cortex, over 50 µm in depth. The same slices were then sectioned and stained for Nissl substance. We registered the optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the corresponding Nissl stained slices using a nonlinear transformation. The neurons were then segmented in both images and we quantified the overlap. We show that OCT images contain information about neurons that is comparable to what can be obtained from Nissl staining, and thus can be used to assess the cytoarchitecture of the ex vivo human brain with minimal distortion. With the future integration of a vibratome into the OCT imaging rig, this technique can be scaled up to obtain undistorted volumetric data of centimeter cube tissue blocks in the near term, and entire human hemispheres in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Magnain
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Caroline Magnain, E-mail:
| | - Jean C. Augustinack
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Ender Konukoglu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Matthew P. Frosch
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Pathology Service, C.S. Kubik Laboratory for Neuropathology, Warren Building 225, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Ani Varjabedian
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Nathalie Garcia
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Van J. Wedeen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - David A. Boas
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Bruce Fischl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Department of Radiology, 149 Thirteen Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- MIT, Computer Science and AI Laboratory, the Stata Center, Building 32, 32 Vassar Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Choi H, Wadduwage DN, Tu TY, Matsudaira P, So PTC. Three-dimensional image cytometer based on widefield structured light microscopy and high-speed remote depth scanning. Cytometry A 2014; 87:49-60. [PMID: 25352187 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A high throughput 3D image cytometer have been developed that improves imaging speed by an order of magnitude over current technologies. This imaging speed improvement was realized by combining several key components. First, a depth-resolved image can be rapidly generated using a structured light reconstruction algorithm that requires only two wide field images, one with uniform illumination and the other with structured illumination. Second, depth scanning is implemented using the high speed remote depth scanning. Finally, the large field of view, high NA objective lens and the high pixelation, high frame rate sCMOS camera enable high resolution, high sensitivity imaging of a large cell population. This system can image at 800 cell/sec in 3D at submicron resolution corresponding to imaging 1 million cells in 20 min. The statistical accuracy of this instrument is verified by quantitatively measuring rare cell populations with ratio ranging from 1:1 to 1:10(5) . © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heejin Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Das R, Nguyen TM, Lim SD, O’Donnell M, Wang RK, Seibel EJ. Feasibility of a hybrid elastographic-microfluidic device to rapidly process and assess pancreatic cancer biopsies for pathologists. ... HEALTH INNOVATIONS AND POINT-OF-CARE TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE. HEALTH INNOVATIONS AND POINT-OF-CARE TECHNOLOGIES CONFERENCE 2014; 2014:271-275. [PMID: 26110186 PMCID: PMC4476399 DOI: 10.1109/hic.2014.7038927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, our collaborative research group explored the possibility of incorporating ultrasound elastography technology with a microfluidic device that is designed to prepare fine needle core biopsies (CBs; L=0.5-2.0 cm, D=0.4-1.2 mm) for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. For the first time, elastographic techniques were employed to measure shear wave velocity in fresh (3.7 m/s) and formalin-fixed (14.7 m/s) pancreatic CBs. Shear wave velocity did not vary whether fixed specimens were free on a microscope slide, or constrained within glass microfluidic channels: 11.5±1.9 v. 11.8±2.1 m/s. 4% agarose inclusions were also embedded within 1% agarose hydrogels to simulate cysts, neoplastic, or necrotic tissue within CBs. Inclusions were successfully visualized and measured using optical coherence elastography. These preliminary experiments demonstrate in a rudimentary fashion that elastographic measurements of pancreatic CBs may be incorporated with our microfluidic device. The rapid mapping of CB stiffness may provide qualitative spatial information for pathologists to determine a more accurate diagnosis for patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Das
- Primary appointment in UW Mechanical Engineering
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- Primary appointment in UW Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | | | - Matt O’Donnell
- Primary appointment in UW Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- Primary appointment in UW Bioengineering, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
So PTC, Yew EYS, Rowlands C. High-throughput nonlinear optical microscopy. Biophys J 2014; 105:2641-54. [PMID: 24359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy methods based on different nonlinear optical (NLO) contrast mechanisms are finding numerous applications in biology and medicine. While the basic implementations of these microscopy methods are relatively mature, an important direction of continuing technological innovation lies in improving the throughput of these systems. Throughput improvement is expected to be important for studying fast kinetic processes, for enabling clinical diagnosis and treatment, and for extending the field of image informatics. This review will provide an overview of the fundamental limitations on NLO microscopy throughput. We will further cover several important classes of high-throughput NLO microscope designs with discussions on their strengths and weaknesses and their key biomedical applications. Finally, this review will close with a perspective of potential future technological improvements in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Elijah Y S Yew
- BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Torres R, Vesuna S, Levene MJ. High-resolution, 2- and 3-dimensional imaging of uncut, unembedded tissue biopsy samples. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013; 138:395-402. [PMID: 23829375 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2013-0094-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite continuing advances in tissue processing automation, traditional embedding, cutting, and staining methods limit our ability for rapid, comprehensive visual examination. These limitations are particularly relevant to biopsies for which immediate therapeutic decisions are most necessary, faster feedback to the patient is desired, and preservation of tissue for ancillary studies is most important. The recent development of improved tissue clearing techniques has made it possible to consider use of multiphoton microscopy (MPM) tools in clinical settings, which could address difficulties of established methods. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the potential of MPM of cleared tissue for the evaluation of unembedded and uncut pathology samples. DESIGN Human prostate, liver, breast, and kidney specimens were fixed and dehydrated by using traditional histologic techniques, with or without incorporation of nucleic acid fluorescent stains into dehydration steps. A benzyl alcohol/benzyl benzoate clearing protocol was substituted for xylene. Multiphoton microscopy was performed on a home-built system. RESULTS Excellent morphologic detail was achievable with MPM at depths greater than 500 μm. Pseudocoloring produced images analogous to hematoxylin-eosin-stained images. Concurrent second-harmonic generation detection allowed mapping of collagen. Subsequent traditional section staining with hematoxylin-eosin did not reveal any detrimental morphologic effects. Sample immunostains on renal tissue showed preservation of normal reactivity. Complete reconstructions of 1-mm cubic samples elucidated 3-dimensional architectural organization. CONCLUSIONS Multiphoton microscopy on cleared, unembedded, uncut biopsy specimens shows potential as a practical clinical tool with significant advantages over traditional histology while maintaining compatibility with gold standard techniques. Further investigation to address remaining implementation barriers is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Torres
- From the Departments of Laboratory Medicine (Dr Torres) and Neurology (Dr Levene), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University School of Engineering and Applied Science, New Haven, Connecticut (Drs Torres and Levene and Mr Vesuna)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Osten P, Margrie TW. Mapping brain circuitry with a light microscope. Nat Methods 2013; 10:515-23. [PMID: 23722211 PMCID: PMC3982327 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.2477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The beginning of the 21st century has seen a renaissance in light microscopy and anatomical tract tracing that together are rapidly advancing our understanding of the form and function of neuronal circuits. The introduction of instruments for automated imaging of whole mouse brains, new cell type–specific and trans-synaptic tracers, and computational methods for handling the whole-brain data sets has opened the door to neuroanatomical studies at an unprecedented scale. We present an overview of the present state and future opportunities in charting long-range and local connectivity in the entire mouse brain and in linking brain circuits to function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Osten
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Furia L, Pelicci PG, Faretta M. A computational platform for robotized fluorescence microscopy (I): high-content image-based cell-cycle analysis. Cytometry A 2013; 83:333-43. [PMID: 23463605 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hardware automation and software development have allowed a dramatic increase of throughput in both acquisition and analysis of images by associating an optimized statistical significance with fluorescence microscopy. Despite the numerous common points between fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry (FCM), the enormous amount of applications developed for the latter have found relatively low space among the modern high-resolution imaging techniques. With the aim to fulfill this gap, we developed a novel computational platform named A.M.I.CO. (Automated Microscopy for Image-Cytometry) for the quantitative analysis of images from widefield and confocal robotized microscopes. Thanks to the setting up of both staining protocols and analysis procedures, we were able to recapitulate many FCM assays. In particular, we focused on the measurement of DNA content and the reconstruction of cell-cycle profiles with optimal parameters. Standard automated microscopes were employed at the highest optical resolution (200 nm), and white-light sources made it possible to perform an efficient multiparameter analysis. DNA- and protein-content measurements were complemented with image-derived information on their intracellular spatial distribution. Notably, the developed tools create a direct link between image-analysis and acquisition. It is therefore possible to isolate target populations according to a definite quantitative profile, and to relocate physically them for diffraction-limited data acquisition. Thanks to its flexibility and analysis-driven acquisition, A.M.I.CO. can integrate flow, image-stream and laser-scanning cytometry analysis, providing high-resolution intracellular analysis with a previously unreached statistical relevance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Furia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus for Oncogenomics, Milano 20139, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Continuously tracing brain-wide long-distance axonal projections in mice at a one-micron voxel resolution. Neuroimage 2013; 74:87-98. [PMID: 23416252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Revealing neural circuit mechanisms is critical for understanding brain functions. Significant progress in dissecting neural connections has been made using optical imaging with fluorescence labels, especially in dissecting local connections. However, acquiring and tracing brain-wide, long-distance neural circuits at the neurite level remains a substantial challenge. Here, we describe a whole-brain approach to systematically obtaining continuous neuronal pathways in a fluorescent protein transgenic mouse at a one-micron voxel resolution. This goal is achieved by combining a novel resin-embedding method for maintaining fluorescence, an automated fluorescence micro-optical sectioning tomography system for long-term stable imaging, and a digital reconstruction-registration-annotation pipeline for tracing the axonal pathways in the mouse brain. With the unprecedented ability to image a whole mouse brain at a one-micron voxel resolution, the long-distance pathways were traced minutely and without interruption for the first time. With advancing labeling techniques, our method is believed to open an avenue to exploring both local and long-distance neural circuits that are related to brain functions and brain diseases down to the neurite level.
Collapse
|
24
|
Schriefl AJ, Wolinski H, Regitnig P, Kohlwein SD, Holzapfel GA. An automated approach for three-dimensional quantification of fibrillar structures in optically cleared soft biological tissues. J R Soc Interface 2012; 10:20120760. [PMID: 23269845 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a novel approach allowing for a simple, fast and automated morphological analysis of three-dimensional image stacks (z-stacks) featuring fibrillar structures from optically cleared soft biological tissues. Five non-atherosclerotic tissue samples from human abdominal aortas were used to outline the multi-purpose methodology, applicable to various tissue types. It yields a three-dimensional orientational distribution of relative amplitudes, representing the original collagen fibre morphology, identifies regions of isotropy where no preferred fibre orientations are observed and determines structural parameters throughout anisotropic regions for the analysis and numerical modelling of biomechanical quantities such as stress and strain. Our method combines optical tissue clearing with second-harmonic generation imaging, Fourier-based image analysis and maximum-likelihood estimation for distribution fitting. With a new sample preparation method for arteries, we present, for the first time to our knowledge, a continuous three-dimensional distribution of collagen fibres throughout the entire thickness of the aortic wall, revealing novel structural and organizational insights into the three arterial layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Schriefl
- Institute of Biomechanics, Center of Biomedical Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Kronesgasse 5/I, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Shih AY, Driscoll JD, Drew PJ, Nishimura N, Schaffer CB, Kleinfeld D. Two-photon microscopy as a tool to study blood flow and neurovascular coupling in the rodent brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2012; 32:1277-309. [PMID: 22293983 PMCID: PMC3390800 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2011.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The cerebral vascular system services the constant demand for energy during neuronal activity in the brain. Attempts to delineate the logic of neurovascular coupling have been greatly aided by the advent of two-photon laser scanning microscopy to image both blood flow and the activity of individual cells below the surface of the brain. Here we provide a technical guide to imaging cerebral blood flow in rodents. We describe in detail the surgical procedures required to generate cranial windows for optical access to the cortex of both rats and mice and the use of two-photon microscopy to accurately measure blood flow in individual cortical vessels concurrent with local cellular activity. We further provide examples on how these techniques can be applied to the study of local blood flow regulation and vascular pathologies such as small-scale stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Y Shih
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonathan D Driscoll
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nozomi Nishimura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Chris B Schaffer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Section of Neurobiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Serial two-photon tomography for automated ex vivo mouse brain imaging. Nat Methods 2012; 9:255-8. [PMID: 22245809 PMCID: PMC3297424 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.1854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 413] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Here we describe an automated method, which we call serial two-photon (STP) tomography, that achieves high-throughput fluorescence imaging of mouse brains by integrating two-photon microscopy and tissue sectioning. STP tomography generates high-resolution datasets that are free of distortions and can be readily warped in 3D, for example, for comparing multiple anatomical tracings. This method opens the door to routine systematic studies of neuroanatomy in mouse models of human brain disorders.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vesuna S, Torres R, Levene MJ. Multiphoton fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and fluorescence lifetime imaging of whole cleared mouse organs. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:106009. [PMID: 22029356 DOI: 10.1117/1.3641992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy of cleared tissue has previously been demonstrated to generate large three-dimensional (3D) volumetric image data on entire intact mouse organs using intrinsic tissue fluorescence. This technique holds great promise for performing 3D virtual biopsies, providing unique information on tissue morphology, and guidance for subsequent traditional slicing and staining. Here, we demonstrate the use of fluorescence lifetime imaging in cleared organs for achieving molecular contrast that can reveal morphologically distinct structures, even in the absence of knowledge of the underlying molecular source. In addition, we demonstrate the power of multimodal imaging, combining multiphoton fluorescence, second harmonic generation, and lifetime imaging to reveal exceptional morphological detail in an optically cleared mouse knee.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vesuna
- Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 55 Prospect St., New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Tkaczyk ER, Tkaczyk AH. Multiphoton flow cytometry strategies and applications. Cytometry A 2011; 79:775-88. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Wallenburg MA, Wu J, Li RK, Vitkin IA. Two-photon microscopy of healthy, infarcted and stem-cell treated regenerating heart. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2011; 4:297-304. [PMID: 20827682 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon excitation autofluorescence (produced in myocytes) and second-harmonic generation (produced mainly by collagen) allow label-free visualization of these two important components of myocardium. Because of their different emission wavelengths, these two signals can be separated spectrally. Here, we examine two-photon microscopy images of healthy, infarcted and stem-cell treated rat hearts. We find that in infarcted heart, regions distant from the site of infarct are similar to healthy tissue in composition (mostly myocytes, very little collagen) and organization (densely packed myocytes), but infarct regions are characterized by sparse myocytes and high collagen content indicative of scar tissue formation. Stem cell treated hearts, in contrast, show regions of intertwined myocytes and collagen throughout the infarct, suggesting reduced tissue damage. Finally, these results offer interesting insights into our ongoing polarized light studies of cardiac tissue anisotropy, and reveal that both tissue composition and tissue micro-organization are reflected in polarization-measured linear retardance values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marika A Wallenburg
- Ontario Cancer Institute, Division of Biophysics and Bioimaging, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Balagopalan L, Sherman E, Barr VA, Samelson LE. Imaging techniques for assaying lymphocyte activation in action. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:21-33. [PMID: 21179118 PMCID: PMC3403683 DOI: 10.1038/nri2903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imaging techniques have greatly improved our understanding of lymphocyte activation. Technical advances in spatial and temporal resolution and new labelling tools have enabled researchers to directly observe the activation process. Consequently, research using imaging approaches to study lymphocyte activation has expanded, providing an unprecedented level of cellular and molecular detail in the field. As a result, certain models of lymphocyte activation have been verified, others have been revised and yet others have been replaced with new concepts. In this article, we review the current imaging techniques that are used to assess lymphocyte activation in different contexts, from whole animals to single molecules, and discuss the advantages and potential limitations of these methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Balagopalan
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dong CY, Campagnola PJ. Optical diagnostics of tissue pathology by multiphoton microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 4:519-29. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2010.525634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
33
|
Krishnamurthi G, Wang CY, Steyer G, Wilson DL. Removal of subsurface fluorescence in cryo-imaging using deconvolution. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:22324-38. [PMID: 20941133 PMCID: PMC3408948 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.022324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We compared image restoration methods [Richardson-Lucy (RL), Wiener, and Next-image] with measured "scatter" point-spread-functions, for removing subsurface fluorescence from section-and-image cryo-image volumes. All methods removed haze, delineated single cells from clusters, and improved visualization, but RL best represented structures. Contrast-to-noise and contrast-to-background improvement from RL and Wiener were comparable and 35% better than Next-image. Concerning detection of labeled cells, ROC analyses showed RL ≈Wiener > Next-image >> no processing. Next-image was faster than other methods and less prone to image processing artifacts. RL is recommended for the best restoration of the shape and size of fluorescent structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Krishnamurthi
- 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Bldg, School of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106,
USA
| | - Charlie Y. Wang
- 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Bldg, School of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106,
USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106,
USA
| | - Grant Steyer
- 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Bldg, School of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106,
USA
| | - David L. Wilson
- 10900 Euclid Avenue, Wickenden Bldg, School of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland OH 44106,
USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University and Case Medical Center, Cleveland OH 44106,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Three-dimensional cardiac tissue image registration for analysis of in vivo electrical mapping. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 39:235-48. [PMID: 20853026 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0163-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A method is presented for registering 3D cardiac tissue images to reference data, for the purpose of analyzing recorded electrical activity. Following left-ventricular in vivo electrical mapping studies in pig hearts, MRI is used to define a reference geometry in the tissue segment around the recording electrodes. The segment is then imaged in 3D using a high-resolution serial imaging microscopy technique. The tissue processing required for this introduces segment-wide distortion. Piecewise-smooth maps are used to correct the tissue distortion and register the 3D images with the reference MRI data. The methods are validated and techniques for identifying the preferred maps are proposed. Recorded electrical activation is shown to map reliably onto cardiac tissue structure using this registration method.
Collapse
|
35
|
Raja AM, Xu S, Sun W, Zhou J, Tai DCS, Chen CS, Rajapakse JC, So PTC, Yu H. Pulse-modulated second harmonic imaging microscope quantitatively demonstrates marked increase of collagen in tumor after chemotherapy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:056016. [PMID: 21054110 DOI: 10.1117/1.3497565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pulse-modulated second harmonic imaging microscopes (PM-SHIMs) exhibit improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over conventional SHIMs on sensitive imaging and quantification of weak collagen signals inside tissues. We quantify the spatial distribution of sparse collagen inside a xenograft model of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) tumor specimens treated with a new drug against receptor tyrosine kinase (ABT-869), and observe a significant increase in collagen area percentage, collagen fiber length, fiber width, and fiber number after chemotherapy. This finding reveals new insights into tumor responses to chemotherapy and suggests caution in developing new drugs and therapeutic regimens against cancers.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Collagen/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
- Indazoles/therapeutic use
- Lasers
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy/instrumentation
- Microscopy/methods
- Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Optical Phenomena
- Phenylurea Compounds/therapeutic use
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transplantation, Heterologous
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anju M Raja
- A*STAR, Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore 138669
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang TT, Kwon HS, Dai G, Wang R, Mijailovich SM, Moss RL, So PTC, Wedeen VJ, Gilbert RJ. Resolving myoarchitectural disarray in the mouse ventricular wall with diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:2841-50. [PMID: 20461466 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The myoarchitecture of the ventricular wall provides a structural template dictating tissue-scale patterns of mechanical function. We studied whether myofiber tract imaging performed with MR diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI) tractography has the capacity to resolve abnormalities of ventricular myoarchitecture in a model of congenital hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) associated with the ablation of myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C). Homozygous MyBP-C knockout mice were generated by deletion of exons 3-10 from the endogenous MyBP-C gene. Fiber alignment in the left ventricular wall of wild type mice was depicted through DSI tractography (and confirmed by multi-slice two-photon microscopy) as a set of helical structures whose angles display a continuous transition from negative in the subepicardium to positive in the subendocardium. In contrast, the hearts obtained from the MyBP-C knockouts displayed substantial myoarchitectural disarray, characterized by a loss of voxel-to-voxel orientational coherence for fibers principally located in the mid-myocardium-subendocardium and impairment of the transmural progression of helix angles. These results substantiate the use of DSI tractography in determining myoarchitectural disarray in models of cardiomyopathy and suggest a biological association between myofilament expression, cardiac fiber alignment, and torsional rotation in the setting of congenital HCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Parra SG, Chia TH, Zinter JP, Levene MJ. Multiphoton microscopy of cleared mouse organs. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2010; 15:036017. [PMID: 20615019 DOI: 10.1117/1.3454391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Typical imaging depths with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) are limited to less than 300 mum in many tissues due to light scattering. Optical clearing significantly reduces light scattering by replacing water in the organ tissue with a fluid having a similar index of refraction to that of proteins. We demonstrate MPM of intact, fixed, cleared mouse organs with penetration depths and fields of view in excess of 2 mm. MPM enables the creation of large 3-D data sets with flexibility in pixel format and ready access to intrinsic fluorescence and second-harmonic generation. We present high-resolution images and 3-D image stacks of the brain, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, lung, and testicle with image sizes as large as 4,096 x 4,096 pixels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia G Parra
- Yale University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Faretta M. Automation in Multidimensional Fluorescence Microscopy. NANOSCOPY AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL OPTICAL FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY 2010:14-1-14-21. [DOI: 10.1201/9781420078893-c14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
|
39
|
Tsai PS, Kaufhold JP, Blinder P, Friedman B, Drew PJ, Karten HJ, Lyden PD, Kleinfeld D. Correlations of neuronal and microvascular densities in murine cortex revealed by direct counting and colocalization of nuclei and vessels. J Neurosci 2009; 29:14553-70. [PMID: 19923289 PMCID: PMC4972024 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3287-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/09/2009] [Accepted: 09/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the density of neurons varies within the adult brain. In neocortex, this includes variations in neuronal density between different lamina as well as between different regions. Yet the concomitant variation of the microvessels is largely uncharted. Here, we present automated histological, imaging, and analysis tools to simultaneously map the locations of all neuronal and non-neuronal nuclei and the centerlines and diameters of all blood vessels within thick slabs of neocortex from mice. Based on total inventory measurements of different cortical regions ( approximately 10(7) cells vectorized across brains), these methods revealed: (1) In three dimensions, the mean distance of the center of neuronal somata to the closest microvessel was 15 mum. (2) Volume samples within lamina of a given region show that the density of microvessels does not match the strong laminar variation in neuronal density. This holds for both agranular and granular cortex. (3) Volume samples in successive radii from the midline to the ventral-lateral edge, where each volume summed the number of cells and microvessels from the pia to the white matter, show a significant correlation between neuronal and microvessel densities. These data show that while neuronal and vascular densities do not track each other on the 100 mum scale of cortical lamina, they do track each other on the 1-10 mm scale of the cortical mantle. The absence of a disproportionate density of blood vessels in granular lamina is argued to be consistent with the initial locus of functional brain imaging signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Harvey J. Karten
- Neuroscience, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, California 92093, and
| | - Patrick D. Lyden
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048
| | - David Kleinfeld
- Department of Physics
- Center for Neural Circuits and Behavior, and
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 California
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Huang H, Macgillivray C, Kwon HS, Lammerding J, Robbins J, Lee RT, So P. Three-dimensional cardiac architecture determined by two-photon microtomy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2009; 14:044029. [PMID: 19725740 PMCID: PMC2819332 DOI: 10.1117/1.3200939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac architecture is inherently three-dimensional, yet most characterizations rely on two-dimensional histological slices or dissociated cells, which remove the native geometry of the heart. We previously developed a method for labeling intact heart sections without dissociation and imaging large volumes while preserving their three-dimensional structure. We further refine this method to permit quantitative analysis of imaged sections. After data acquisition, these sections are assembled using image-processing tools, and qualitative and quantitative information is extracted. By examining the reconstructed cardiac blocks, one can observe end-to-end adjacent cardiac myocytes (cardiac strands) changing cross-sectional geometries, merging and separating from other strands. Quantitatively, representative cross-sectional areas typically used for determining hypertrophy omit the three-dimensional component; we show that taking orientation into account can significantly alter the analysis. Using fast-Fourier transform analysis, we analyze the gross organization of cardiac strands in three dimensions. By characterizing cardiac structure in three dimensions, we are able to determine that the alpha crystallin mutation leads to hypertrophy with cross-sectional area increases, but not necessarily via changes in fiber orientation distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Huang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kwon HS, Nam YS, Wiktor-Brown DM, Engelward BP, So PTC. Quantitative morphometric measurements using site selective image cytometry of intact tissue. J R Soc Interface 2009; 6 Suppl 1:S45-57. [PMID: 19049958 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2008.0431.focus] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Site selective two-photon tissue image cytometry has previously been successfully applied to measure the number of rare cells in three-dimensional tissue specimens up to cubic millimetres in size. However, the extension of this approach for high-throughput quantification of cellular morphological states has not been demonstrated. In this paper, we report the use of site-selective tissue image cytometry for the study of homologous recombination (HR) events during cell division in the pancreas of transgenic mice. Since HRs are rare events, recombinant cells distribute sparsely inside the organ. A detailed measurement throughout the whole tissue is thus not practical. Instead, the site selective two-photon tissue cytometer incorporates a low magnification, wide field, one-photon imaging subsystem that rapidly identifies regions of interest containing recombinant cell clusters. Subsequently, high-resolution three-dimensional assays based on two-photon microscopy can be performed only in these regions of interest. We further show that three-dimensional morphology extraction algorithms can be used to analyse the resultant high-resolution two-photon image stacks providing information not only on the frequency and the distribution of these recombinant cell clusters and their constituent cells, but also on their morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-Sang Kwon
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Anderson RH, Smerup M, Sanchez-Quintana D, Loukas M, Lunkenheimer PP. The three-dimensional arrangement of the myocytes in the ventricular walls. Clin Anat 2009; 22:64-76. [DOI: 10.1002/ca.20645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
43
|
Gaige TA, Kwon HS, Dai G, Cabral VC, Wang R, Nam YS, Engelward BP, Wedeen VJ, So PTC, Gilbert RJ. Multiscale structural analysis of mouse lingual myoarchitecture employing diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging and multiphoton microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2008; 13:064005. [PMID: 19123652 DOI: 10.1117/1.3046724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The tongue consists of a complex, multiscale array of myofibers that comprise the anatomical underpinning of lingual mechanical function. 3-D myoarchitecture was imaged in mouse tongues with diffusion spectrum magnetic resonance imaging (DSI) at 9.4 T (b(max) 7000 smm, 150-microm isotropic voxels), a method that derives the preferential diffusion of water/voxel, and high-throughput (10 fps) two-photon microscope (TPM). Net fiber alignment was represented for each method in terms of the local maxima of an orientational distribution function (ODF) derived from the local diffusion (DSI) and 3-D structural autocorrelation (TPM), respectively. Mesoscale myofiber tracts were generated by alignment of the principal orientation vectors of the ODFs. These data revealed a consistent relationship between the properties of the respective ODFs and the virtual superimposition of the distributed mesoscale myofiber tracts. The identification of a mesoscale anatomical construct, which specifically links the microscopic and macroscopic spatial scales, provides a method for relating the orientation and distribution of cells and subcellular components with overall tissue morphology, thus contributing to the development of multiscale methods for mechanical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terry A Gaige
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical and Biological Engineering, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
One of the challenges in labeling tissues for fluorescence microscopy is minimizing sample processing while maintaining or improving the information generated by the fluorescent label. Generally, tissues are extracted, fixed, and embedded in mounting media (such as paraffin), sectioned, and then postprocessed by removing the paraffin, blocking, labeling, and washing. Despite all of these steps, the consistency of labeling quality can vary as a result of several factors, including heterogeneity in labeling efficiency from slide to slide, the necessity of postprocessing to obtain information on sequential sections of tissue, interference from the mounting media, and loss of native three-dimensional structural information, especially in thicker sections. A method for embedding and processing tissues that have been labeled by intravital staining is described in this study. Intravital staining is the process in which live-cell dyes and other labels are injected into the bloodstream before fixation of the tissues. Tissues processed this way can be imaged upon sectioning without further staining and retain their native, three-dimensional information, thereby improving the information retained by the labels and speeding up sample processing.
Collapse
|
45
|
Integrated one- and two-photon imaging platform reveals clonal expansion as a major driver of mutation load. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:10314-9. [PMID: 18647827 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0804346105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The clonal expansion of mutant cells is hypothesized to be an important first step in cancer formation. To understand the earliest stages of tumorigenesis, a method to identify and analyze clonal expansion is needed. We have previously described transgenic Fluorescent Yellow Direct Repeat (FYDR) mice in which cells that have undergone sequence rearrangements (via homologous recombination events) express a fluorescent protein, enabling fluorescent labeling of phenotypically normal cells. Here, we develop an integrated one- and two-photon imaging platform that spans four orders of magnitude to permit rapid quantification of clonal expansion in the FYDR pancreas in situ. Results show that as mice age there is a significant increase in the number of cells within fluorescent cell clusters, indicating that pancreatic cells can clonally expand with age. Importantly, >90% of fluorescent cells in aged mice result from clonal expansion, rather than de novo sequence rearrangements at the FYDR locus. The spontaneous frequency of sequence rearrangements at the FYDR locus is on par with that of other classes of mutational events. Therefore, we conclude that clonal expansion is one of the most important mechanisms for increasing the burden of mutant cells in the mouse pancreas.
Collapse
|
46
|
Szöllosi J, Vereb G. From molecular interactions to tissue organization--diversity of evolving cytometric approaches from a Hungarian perspective. Cytometry A 2008; 73:182-5. [PMID: 18293393 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
47
|
Wang BG, Eitner A, Lindenau J, Halbhuber KJ. High-resolution two-photon excitation microscopy of ocular tissues in porcine eye. Lasers Surg Med 2008; 40:247-56. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.20628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
48
|
Kumar S, Dunsby C, De Beule PAA, Owen DM, Anand U, Lanigan PMP, Benninger RKP, Davis DM, Neil MAA, Anand P, Benham C, Naylor A, French PMW. Multifocal multiphoton excitation and time correlated single photon counting detection for 3-D fluorescence lifetime imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2007; 15:12548-61. [PMID: 19550524 DOI: 10.1364/oe.15.012548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a multifocal multiphoton time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscope system that uses a 16 channel multi-anode PMT detector. Multiphoton excitation minimizes out-of-focus photobleaching, multifocal excitation reduces non-linear in-plane photobleaching effects and TCSPC electronics provide photon-efficient detection of the fluorescence decay profile. TCSPC detection is less prone to bleaching- and movement-induced artefacts compared to wide-field time-gated or frequency-domain FLIM. This microscope is therefore capable of acquiring 3-D FLIM images at significantly increased speeds compared to single beam multiphoton microscopy and we demonstrate this with live cells expressing a GFP tagged protein. We also apply this system to time-lapse FLIM of NAD(P)H autofluorescence in single live cells and report measurements on the change in the fluorescence decay profile following the application of a known metabolic inhibitor.
Collapse
|