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Promsri A, Deedphimai S, Promthep P, Champamuang C. Impacts of Wearable Resistance Placement on Running Efficiency Assessed by Wearable Sensors: A Pilot Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4399. [PMID: 39001178 PMCID: PMC11244602 DOI: 10.3390/s24134399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Wearable resistance training is widely applied to enhance running performance, but how different placements of wearable resistance across various body parts influence running efficiency remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the impacts of wearable resistance placement on running efficiency by comparing five running conditions: no load, and an additional 10% load of individual body mass on the trunk, forearms, lower legs, and a combination of these areas. Running efficiency was assessed through biomechanical (spatiotemporal, kinematic, and kinetic) variables using acceleration-based wearable sensors placed on the shoes of 15 recreational male runners (20.3 ± 1.23 years) during treadmill running in a randomized order. The main findings indicate distinct effects of different load distributions on specific spatiotemporal variables (contact time, flight time, and flight ratio, p ≤ 0.001) and kinematic variables (footstrike type, p < 0.001). Specifically, adding loads to the lower legs produces effects similar to running with no load: shorter contact time, longer flight time, and a higher flight ratio compared to other load conditions. Moreover, lower leg loads result in a forefoot strike, unlike the midfoot strike seen in other conditions. These findings suggest that lower leg loads enhance running efficiency more than loads on other parts of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunee Promsri
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
- Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Siriyakorn Deedphimai
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Petradda Promthep
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Chonthicha Champamuang
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Asian-Clemente JA, Rabano-Muñoz A, Requena B, Suarez-Arrones L. Influence of the Number of Players on the Load of Soccer Players During Transition Games. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:616-623. [PMID: 38471657 DOI: 10.1055/a-2286-3914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the effect of different compositions in transition games (TGs) on the load of soccer players and to evaluate their performance in physical tests. Using a GPS system, 18 players were monitored during: 3vs2, 2vs1 and 1vs1. Distance covered (DC), DC 18-20.9 km·h-1, 21-23.9 km·h-1,>24 km·h-1, peak speed, accelerations (Acc) and decelerations (Dec)>1.0 m·s-2 and>2.5 m·s-2 and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded. Before and after each TG, countermovement-jump (CMJ), 15- (S15) and 30 m (S30) speed tests were assessed. TG3vs2 showed greater DC and Dec>1.0 m·s-2 than TG2vs1, and DC, DC 18.0-23.9 km·h-1, Acc>1.0 m·s-2 and Dec>2.5 m·s-2 than TG1vs1 (p<0.01). TG2vs1 achieved higher DC, DC 18.0-23.9 km·h-1, and Acc>2.5 m·s-2 (p<0.01) but lower peak speed (p=0.02) and RPE (p=0.02) than TG1vs1. Post-intervention, TG1vs1 showed lower CMJ and higher S15 (p=0.02), while TG3vs2, showed improvements in CMJ (p<0.01). The three tasks showed large variations for DC>24 km·h-1, Acc>1.0 m·s-2, Dec>1.0 m·s-2 and Dec>2.5 m·s-2. The load of TGs is sensitive to their player composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Asian-Clemente
- Department of Sport Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Football Science Institute, FSI lab, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Rabano-Muñoz
- Department of Sport Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- Football Science Institute, FSI lab, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Luis Suarez-Arrones
- Department of Sport Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
- FC Lugano, Performance Departament, Lugano, Switzerland
- Football Science Institute, FSI lab, Granada, Spain
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Kowalski T, Wilk A, Rębiś K, Lohse KM, Sadowska D, Klusiewicz A. Influence of voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea on recovery after high-intensity exercise in elite short-track speedskaters - randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:137. [PMID: 38902811 PMCID: PMC11188215 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00927-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory muscle training plays a significant role in reducing blood lactate concentration (bLa) and attenuating negative physiological stress reactions. Therefore, we investigated if voluntary isocapnic hyperpnoea (VIH) performed after a maximum anaerobic effort influences bLa and perceived fatigue level in well-trained speedskaters. 39 elite short-track speedskaters participated in a trial with two parallel groups: experimental and control. All the participants performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). The experimental group performed a VIH-based recovery protocol 20 min after exercise, the control group used passive recovery only. Blood samples were taken 3 and 30 min after the WAnT to measure bLa. Fatigue was self-appraised on a 0-10 perceived rating-of-fatigue (ROF) scale 3 and 30 min after the WAnT. Noteworthy, but not statistically significant changes between the experimental and control groups were observed for changes in bLa (p = 0.101). However, statistically significant changes between the groups were found for ROF (p = 0.003, ηp2 = 0.211, ω2 = 0.106). Moreover, statistically significant interactions between post-exercise bLa clearance and VO2max (p = 0.028) and inspiratory muscle strength (p = 0.040) were observed. Our findings provided preliminary insight that VIH may be an efficient recovery protocol after anaerobic exercise performed by elite athletes. The association between VO2max and post-exercise bLa clearance indicates the vital role of aerobic fitness in repeated-efforts ability in short-track speedskaters. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT05994092 on 15th August 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kowalski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Adrian Wilk
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Rębiś
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kim-Morgaine Lohse
- Centre for Digital Health Interventions, Department of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorota Sadowska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klusiewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biala Podlaska, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Biala Podlaska, Poland
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Grummt M, Hafermann L, Claussen L, Herrmann C, Wolfarth B. Rating of Perceived Exertion: A Large Cross-Sectional Study Defining Intensity Levels for Individual Physical Activity Recommendations. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:71. [PMID: 38856875 PMCID: PMC11164849 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is a growing risk factor worldwide, therefore getting people into sports is necessary. When prescribing physical activity, it is essential to recommend the correct training intensities. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) enables precise determination of individuals' training intensities but is unavailable for a broad population. Therefore, the Borg scale allows individuals to assess perceived exertion and set their intensity easily and cost-efficiently. In order to transfer CPX to rating of perceived exertion (RPE), previous studies investigated RPE on specific physiological anchors, e.g. blood lactate (bLa) concentrations, but representativeness for a broad population is questionable. Some contradictory findings regarding individual factors influencing RPE occur, whereas univariable analysis has been performed so far. Moreover, a multivariable understanding of individual factors influencing RPE is missing. This study aims to determine RPE values at the individual anaerobic threshold (LT2) and defined bLa concentrations in a large cohort and to evaluate individual factors influencing RPE with multivariable analysis. METHODS CPX with bicycle or treadmill ergometer of 6311 participants were analyzed in this cross-sectional study. RPE values at bLa concentrations 2 mmol/l, 3 mmol/l, 4 mmol/l, and LT2 (first rise in bLa over baseline + 1.5 mmol/l) were estimated by spline interpolation. Multivariable cumulative ordinal regression models were performed to assess the influence of sex, age, type of ergometry, VO2max, and duration of exercise testing on RPE. RESULTS Median values [interquartile range (IQR)] of the total population were RPE 13 [11; 14] at 2 mmol/l, RPE 15 [13; 16] at 3 mmol/l, RPE 16 [15; 17] at 4 mmol/l, and RPE 15 [14; 16] at LT2. Main influence of individual factors on RPE were seen especially at 2 mmol/l: male sex (odds ratio (OR) [95%-CI]: 0.65 [0.587; 0.719]), treadmill ergometry (OR 0.754 [0.641; 0.886]), number of stages (OR 1.345 [1.300; 1.394]), age (OR 1.015 [1.012; 1.018]), and VO2max (OR 1.023 [1.015; 1.030]). Number of stages was the only identified influencing factor on RPE at all lactate concentrations/LT2 (3 mmol/l: OR 1.290 [1.244; 1.336]; 4 mmol/l: OR 1.229 [1.187; 1.274]; LT2: OR 1.155 [1.115; 1.197]). CONCLUSION Our results suggest RPE ≤ 11 for light intensity, RPE 12-14 for moderate intensity, and RPE 15-17 for vigorous intensity, which slightly differs from the current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommendations. Additionally, we propose an RPE of 15 delineating heavy and severe intensity domain. Age, sex, type of ergometry, duration of exercise, and cardiopulmonary fitness should be considered when recommending individualized intensities with RPE, primarily at lower intensities. Therefore, this study can be used as a new guideline for prescribing individual RPE values in the clinical practice, predominantly for endurance type exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Grummt
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 13 Haus 11, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lorena Hafermann
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lars Claussen
- Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolin Herrmann
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Philippstr. 13 Haus 11, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Sports Science, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kao SC, Brush CJ, Wang CH. A multimodal approach integrating cognitive and motor demands into physical activity for optimal mental health: Methodological issues and future directions. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 286:235-258. [PMID: 38876577 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is known for its positive effects on cognition and affect, with existing literature suggesting that these mental health benefits may be optimally experienced by incorporating cognitive and motor demands during physical activity (PA). However, the existing body of literature lacks a comprehensive guideline for designing the qualitative characteristics of a PA program. Accordingly, this narrative review aimed to (1) provide a working two-dimension model that operationally defines the cognitive and motor demands involved in PA and the rationale for systematically studying these qualitative aspects of PA, (2) identify methods to assess the cognitive and motor demands of PA and address associated methodological issues, and (3) offer potential future directions for research on the cognitive and motor aspects of PA in support of the development of PA programs designed to maximize PA-induced cognitive and affective benefits. We anticipate this article to inform the need for future research and development on this topic, aiming to create clear, evidence-based guidelines for designing innovative and effective PA interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Chun-Hao Wang
- Institute of Physical Education, Health, & Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Yasar MN, Sica M, O'Flynn B, Tedesco S, Menolotto M. A dataset for fatigue estimation during shoulder internal and external rotation movements using wearables. Sci Data 2024; 11:433. [PMID: 38678019 PMCID: PMC11055894 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Wearable sensors have recently been extensively used in sports science, physical rehabilitation, and industry providing feedback on physical fatigue. Information obtained from wearable sensors can be analyzed by predictive analytics methods, such as machine learning algorithms, to determine fatigue during shoulder joint movements, which have complex biomechanics. The presented dataset aims to provide data collected via wearable sensors during a fatigue protocol involving dynamic shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) movements. Thirty-four healthy subjects performed shoulder IR and ER movements with different percentages of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force until they reached the maximal exertion. The dataset includes demographic information, anthropometric measurements, MVIC force measurements, and digital data captured via surface electromyography, inertial measurement unit, and photoplethysmography, as well as self-reported assessments using the Borg rating scale of perceived exertion and the Karolinska sleepiness scale. This comprehensive dataset provides valuable insights into physical fatigue assessment, allowing the development of fatigue detection/prediction algorithms and the study of human biomechanical characteristics during shoulder movements within a fatigue protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Yasar
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland.
| | - Marco Sica
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland.
| | - Brendan O'Flynn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Salvatore Tedesco
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Matteo Menolotto
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
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Kaulback K, Schwellnus M, Sewry N, Jordaan E, Wood P. Rating of Perceived Exertion Associated With Acute Symptoms in Athletes With Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Athletes With Acute Respiratory InfEction (AWARE) VI Study. J Athl Train 2024; 59:90-98. [PMID: 37347179 PMCID: PMC10783475 DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0632.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT SARS-CoV-2 infection can affect the exercise response in athletes. Factors associated with the exercise response have not been reported. OBJECTIVE To (1) describe heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) responses to exercise in athletes with a recent SARS-CoV-2 infection and (2) identify factors affecting exercise responses. DESIGN Cross-sectional, experimental study. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS Male and female athletes (age = 24.2 ± 6.3 years) with a recent (<28 days) SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 72). SETTING A COVID-19 Recovery Clinic for athletes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Heart rate, SBP, and RPE were measured during submaximal exercise (modified Bruce protocol) at 10 to 28 days after SARS-CoV-2 symptom onset. Selected factors (demographics, sport, comorbidities, preinfection training variables, and symptoms during the acute phase of the infection) affecting the exercise response were analyzed using random coefficient (linear mixed) models. RESULTS Heart rate, SBP, and RPE increased progressively from rest to stage 5 of the exercise test (P = .0001). At stage 5 (10.1 metabolic equivalents), a higher HR and a higher SBP during exercise were associated with younger age (P = .0007) and increased body mass index (BMI; P = .009), respectively. Higher RPE during exercise was significantly associated with a greater number of whole-body (P = .006) and total number (P = .004) of symptoms during the acute phase of infection. CONCLUSIONS A greater number of symptoms during the acute infection was associated with a higher RPE during exercise in athletes at 10 to 28 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We recommend measuring RPE during the first exercise challenge after infection, as this may indicate disease severity and be valuable for tracking progress, recovery, and return to sport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kaulback
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria
| | - Nicola Sewry
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- International Olympic Committee Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paola Wood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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Kaulback K, Schwellnus M, Sewry N, Lombard C, Jordaan E, Wood P. The cardiovascular response to exercise in athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study with repeated measures over 16 weeks - AWARE IX. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:2077-2087. [PMID: 38323527 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2312054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Higher exercise heart rate (HR) and prolonged return-to-sport in athletes with SARS-CoV-2 infection are described, but the cardiovascular response to exercise during recovery is not understood. This prospective, cohort, experimental study with repeated measures evaluated the cardiovascular response to exercise over 16 weeks in athletes recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Athletes (n = 82) completed 2-5 repeat assessments at regulated intervals over 16 weeks post-SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data from 287 assessments (submaximal exercise tests; Modified Bruce protocol) are included. HR (bpm), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (mmHg) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (Borg scale 6-20) were measured. Rates of change in HR, SBP and RPE over time are reported. Submaximal exercise HR, SBP and RPE decreased significantly over 16 weeks (p < 0.01). There was a steeper rate of decline for HR and RPE ≤30 days compared to >30 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection: HR at Stage 3: ≤30 days -0.53 (0.01); >30 days -0.06 (0.02) and Stage 5: ≤30 days -0.77 (0.12); >30 days -0.12 (0.02); RPE at Stage 3: ≤30 days -0.09 (0.02); >30 days -0.01 (0.0002) and Stage 5: ≤30 days -0.13 (0.02); >30 days -0.02 (0.004). The findings provide clinical recommendation for exercise prescription and monitoring RPE in response to exercise post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and contribute to the clinical understanding of recovery which can help manage athlete expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Kaulback
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin Schwellnus
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- IOC Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Nicola Sewry
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- IOC Research Centre of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Esme Jordaan
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), Cape Town, South Africa
- Statistics and Population Studies Department, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paola Wood
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Sport, Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute (SEMLI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Otálora S, Segatto MEV, Monteiro ME, Múnera M, Díaz CAR, Cifuentes CA. Data-Driven Approach for Upper Limb Fatigue Estimation Based on Wearable Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9291. [PMID: 38005677 PMCID: PMC10674769 DOI: 10.3390/s23229291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is defined as a reduced ability to maintain maximal strength during voluntary contraction. It is associated with musculoskeletal disorders that affect workers performing repetitive activities, affecting their performance and well-being. Although electromyography remains the gold standard for measuring muscle fatigue, its limitations in long-term work motivate the use of wearable devices. This article proposes a computational model for estimating muscle fatigue using wearable and non-invasive devices, such as Optical Fiber Sensors (OFSs) and Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) along the subjective Borg scale. Electromyography (EMG) sensors are used to observe their importance in estimating muscle fatigue and comparing performance in different sensor combinations. This study involves 30 subjects performing a repetitive lifting activity with their dominant arm until reaching muscle fatigue. Muscle activity, elbow angles, and angular and linear velocities, among others, are measured to extract multiple features. Different machine learning algorithms obtain a model that estimates three fatigue states (low, moderate and high). Results showed that between the machine learning classifiers, the LightGBM presented an accuracy of 96.2% in the classification task using all of the sensors with 33 features and 95.4% using only OFS and IMU sensors with 13 features. This demonstrates that elbow angles, wrist velocities, acceleration variations, and compensatory neck movements are essential for estimating muscle fatigue. In conclusion, the resulting model can be used to estimate fatigue during heavy lifting in work environments, having the potential to monitor and prevent muscle fatigue during long working shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Otálora
- Telecommunications Laboratory (LabTel), Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 290075-910, Brazil; (S.O.); (M.E.V.S.); (C.A.R.D.)
| | - Marcelo E. V. Segatto
- Telecommunications Laboratory (LabTel), Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 290075-910, Brazil; (S.O.); (M.E.V.S.); (C.A.R.D.)
| | | | - Marcela Múnera
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
| | - Camilo A. R. Díaz
- Telecommunications Laboratory (LabTel), Electrical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória 290075-910, Brazil; (S.O.); (M.E.V.S.); (C.A.R.D.)
| | - Carlos A. Cifuentes
- Bristol Robotics Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK;
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Maleček J, Omcirk D, Skálová K, Pádecký J, Janikov MT, Obrtel M, Jonáš M, Kolář D, Michalička V, Sýkora K, Vágner M, Přívětivý L, Větrovský T, Bendová Z, Třebický V, Tufano JJ. Effects of 36 hours of sleep deprivation on military-related tasks: Can ammonium inhalants maintain performance? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293804. [PMID: 37967128 PMCID: PMC10651003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A lack of sleep can pose a risk during military operations due to the associated decreases in physical and cognitive performance. However, fast-acting ergogenic aids, such as ammonia inhalants (AI), may temporarily mitigate those adverse effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD). Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the acute effect of AI on cognitive and physical performance throughout 36 hours of TSD in military personnel. METHODS Eighteen male military cadets (24.1 ± 3.0 y; 79.3 ± 8.3 kg) performed 5 identical testing sessions during 36 hours of TSD (after 0 [0], 12 [-12], 24 [-24], and 36 [-36] hours of TSD), and after 8 [+8] hours of recovery sleep. During each testing session, the following assessments were conducted: Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), simple reaction time (SRT), shooting accuracy (SA), rifle disassembling and reassembling (DAS), and countermovement jump height (JH). Heart rate (HR) was continuously monitored during the SA task, and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was obtained during the JH task. At each time point, tests were performed twice, either with AI or without AI as control (CON), in a counterbalanced order. RESULTS There was faster SRT (1.6%; p < 0.01) without increasing the number of errors, higher JH (1.5%; p < 0.01), lower RPE (9.4%; p < 0.001), and higher HR (5.0%; p < 0.001) after using AI compared to CON regardless of TSD. However, neither SA nor DAS were affected by AI or TSD (p > 0.05). Independent of AI, the SRT was slower (3.2-9.3%; p < 0.001) in the mornings (-24, +8) than in the evening (-12), JH was higher (3.0-4.7%, p < 0.001) in the evenings (-12, -36) than in the mornings (0, -24, +8), and RPE was higher (20.0-40.1%; p < 0.001) in the sleep-deprived morning (-24) than all other timepoints (0, -12, -36, +8). Furthermore, higher ESS (59.5-193.4%; p < 0.001) was reported at -24 and -36 than the rest of the time points (0, -12, and + 8). CONCLUSION Although there were detrimental effects of TSD, the usage of AI did not reduce those adverse effects. However, regardless of TSD, AI did result in a short-term increase in HR, improved SRT without affecting the number of errors, and improved JH while concurrently decreasing the RPE. No changes, yet, were observed in SA and DAS. These results suggest that AI could potentially be useful in some military scenarios, regardless of sleep deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Maleček
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dan Omcirk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Skálová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pádecký
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tino Janikov
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Obrtel
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Jonáš
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Kolář
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Michalička
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Sýkora
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vágner
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Přívětivý
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Bendová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Třebický
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James J. Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Reinke M, Schmitz G. Children can rate perceived effort but do not follow intensity instructions during soccer training. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1251585. [PMID: 38022786 PMCID: PMC10652393 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1251585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The perception of effort is elementary for the self-regulation of exercise intensity in sports. The competence for rating perceived effort (RPE) seems to be related to physical and cognitive development. Children accurately rate perceived effort during incremental exercise tests when loads progressively increase, but it remains unclear how children perform when they participate in sports games, which are characterized by complex tasks with varying intensity profiles. The present study investigates children's competencies for rating perceived effort and producing predetermined intensities during soccer training. Twenty-five children aged 11-13 years performed two similar training sessions. In the first session, the children trained without intensity instructions and continuously rated their effort. In the second session, the children were instructed to produce predefined intensities. Before the first training session, executive functions were assessed by cognitive performance tests and a self-report measure. RPE correlated significantly with heart rate measures (R2 = 0.27, p < 0.001). As confirmed by factor analysis, individual differences in these correlations were related to the outcomes of the cognitive tests and the self-report measure. RPE in training session 2 differed from RPE in training session 1 (d = 1.22, p < 0.001), although the heart rate data did not differ significantly between training sessions (d = -0.19, p = 0.780). Thirteen-year-old children performed significantly better than eleven-year-old children (d = 1.69, p = 0.027). The results suggest that children are able to rate perceived effort during soccer training and that this ability is related to executive functions. Conversely, children may not be able to alter their intensities in response to instructions, although their ratings suggest that they have largely succeeded in doing so.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Leibniz University Hannover, Institute of Sports Science, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Arantes Bertochi GF, Mota GR, Haile L, Marocolo M, Eidi Sasaki J. Validity of Weekly and Monthly Perceived Exertion in Runners. Int J Sports Med 2023; 44:763-777. [PMID: 37279792 DOI: 10.1055/a-2058-8049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) enables the easy assessment of runners' training strain as well as training load (TL). However, the long-term and retrospective validity of TL assessment using RPE scales still needs further investigation. Therefore, this study examined the validity of weekly and monthly ratings of perceived exertion (W-RPE, M-RPE) in assessing TL in runners. Healthy adult runners (n=53) rated perceived exertion using the modified category-ratio 10 (CR-10) scale for each week of a four-week period, as well as for the month, considering the four-week period. CR-10 for the week and the month were multiplied by the total training time of the week and month, respectively, to assess the W-RPE and M-RPE. Training impulse (TRIMP) was used as the criterion measure. The results indicated that the W-RPE and M-RPE may be used for monitoring TL during prolonged periods, presenting a very large correlations with the criterion measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Felipe Arantes Bertochi
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Mota
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
| | - Luke Haile
- Exercise Science, Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania, Bloomsburg, United States
| | - Moacir Marocolo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Jeffer Eidi Sasaki
- Exercise Science, Health and Human Performance Research Group, Department of Sport Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil
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13
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Mohd Sidek NN, Mat Rosly M, Abd Razak NA. Children's Physiological and Perceptual Responses to Sports Exergames When Played in Different Positions. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1489. [PMID: 37761450 PMCID: PMC10529419 DOI: 10.3390/children10091489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Today's children are prone to becoming involved in exergames, but their positions during play have not been sufficiently investigated to determine whether the positions they adopt result in equal responses. The design of this study involved the collection of physiological and perceptual responses (i.e., heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion, and enjoyment score) during exergames in three different sports (bowling, tennis, and boxing) with players in different positions (sitting and standing). The participants played each game for 10 min while their HR was recorded. After the gameplay, each perceptual response was retrieved. The results revealed a significant increase in HR above rest during exergaming overall (p < 0.001). Standing gameplay resulted in a significantly higher HR (p < 0.001) than seated gameplay. Compared to tennis and bowling, boxing produced the highest physiological response (p < 0.001) and perceived exertion (p < 0.05) in both positions. The participants perceived all the sports exergames to be enjoyable, as their enjoyment scores did not significantly differ for each game (p > 0.5). For all the variables, no statistically significant differences between genders were identified (p > 0.5). This home-based intervention demonstrated that sports exergames are not only enjoyable; overall, they can provide at least moderately intense physical activity, whether played seated or standing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Nashruha Mohd Sidek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (N.N.M.S.); (N.A.A.R.)
| | - Maziah Mat Rosly
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (N.N.M.S.); (N.A.A.R.)
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14
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Ouyang Y, Liu M, Cheng C, Yang Y, He S, Zheng L. Monitoring Inattention in Construction Workers Caused by Physical Fatigue Using Electrocardiograph (ECG) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7405. [PMID: 37687860 PMCID: PMC10490619 DOI: 10.3390/s23177405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Physical fatigue is frequent for heavy manual laborers like construction workers, but it causes distraction and may lead to safety incidents. The purpose of this study is to develop predictive models for monitoring construction workers' inattention caused by physical fatigue utilizing electrocardiograph (ECG) and galvanic skin response (GSR) sensors. Thirty participants were invited to complete an attention-demanding task under non-fatigued and physically fatigued conditions. Supervised learning algorithms were utilized to develop models predicting their attentional states, with heart rate variability (HRV) features derived from ECG signals and skin electric activity features derived from GSR signals as data inputs. The results demonstrate that using HRV features alone could obtain a prediction accuracy of 88.33%, and using GSR features alone could achieve an accuracy of 76.67%, both through the KNN algorithm. The accuracy increased to 96.67% through the SVM algorithm when combining HRV and GSR features. The findings indicate that ECG sensors used alone or in combination with GSR sensors can be applied to monitor construction workers' inattention on job sites. The findings would provide an approach for detecting distracted workers at job sites. Additionally, it might reveal the relationships between workers' physiological features and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Ouyang
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Shiyi He
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China
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15
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Desgorces FD. About exercise control in studies on high-intensity interval exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1863-1864. [PMID: 37195502 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05217-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- François-Denis Desgorces
- Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, Paris, France.
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Myrkos A, Smilios I, Zafeiridis A, Kokkinou ME, Tzoumanis A, Douda H. Aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort training programs: an intense continuous and a high-intensity interval. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:583-594. [PMID: 37018841 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
The intensity of the training stimulus and the effort exerted (regarded as an index of internal load) to complete an exercise session are driving forces for physiological processes and long-term training adaptations. This study compared the aerobic adaptations following two iso-effort, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)-based training programs, an intense continuous (CON) and a high-intensity interval (INT). Young adults were assigned to a CON (n = 11) or an INT (n = 13) training group to perform 14 training sessions within 6 weeks. The INT group performed running bouts (9.3 ± 4.4 repetitions) at 90% of peak treadmill velocity (PTV) with bout duration equal to 1/4 of time to exhaustion at this speed (134.2 ± 27.9 s). The CONT group ran (1185.0 ± 487.6 s) at a speed corresponding to -2.5% of critical velocity (CV; 80.1% ± 3.0% of PTV). Training-sessions were executed until RPE attained 17 on the Borg scale. VO2max, PTV, CV, lactate threshold velocity (vLT), and running economy were assessed pre-, mid-, and post-training. Both CONT and INT methods increased (p < 0.05) VO2max (INT: 57.7 ± 8.1-61.41 ± 9.2; CONT: 58.1 ± 7.5-61.1 ± 6.3 mL kg-1 min-1), PTV (INT: 14.6 ± 1.8-15.7 ± 2.1; CONT: 15.0 ± 1.7-15.7 ± 1.8 km h-1), CV (INT: 11.8 ± 1.4-12.8 ± 1.8; CONT: 12.2 ± 1.6-12.9 ± 1.7 km h-1), and vLT (INT: 9.77 ± 1.1-10.8 ± 1.4; CONT: 10.4 ± 1.4-11.0 ± 1.8 km h-1) with no differences (p > 0.05) between them; running economy remained unchanged. The continuous training method, when matched for effort and executed at relatively high intensity at the upper boundaries of the heavy-intensity domain (∼80% of PTV), confers comparable aerobic adaptations to those attained after a high-intensity interval protocol following a short-term training period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristides Myrkos
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69132, Greece
| | - Ilias Smilios
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69132, Greece
| | - Andreas Zafeiridis
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science - Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Agios Ioannis, Serres 62110, Greece
| | - Maria-Eleni Kokkinou
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69132, Greece
| | - Apostolos Tzoumanis
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69132, Greece
| | - Helen Douda
- Department of Physical Education & Sport Science, Democritus University of Thrace, Komotini 69132, Greece
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17
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Rebelo A, Pereira JR, Martinho DV, Valente-dos-Santos J. Rating of Perceived Exertion in Professional Volleyball: A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet 2023; 87:143-155. [PMID: 37229414 PMCID: PMC10203829 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/161614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is a non-invasive, cost effective, and time efficient strategy to measure training loads. However, data can be collected without following specific procedures and across a range of methods (e.g., different RPE scales and/or different operational questions). Consequently, practitioners working in professional volleyball can use this information in various ways with different assessment standards between them. Therefore, the purpose of the current review was to systematically and critically evaluate the use of RPE-based methods in professional volleyball athletes. Electronic searches were conducted in four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science). The electronic search yielded 442 articles, from which 14 articles were included in the systematic review. All included studies used the BORG-CR10 scale to calculate the session RPE. The main findings indicate that, to minimize the effect of the last exercise of the session, the athlete should be presented with the RPE question 10 to 30 minutes after the session is finished. Additionally, in order to evaluate the intensity of the training session, the question should be "how hard/intense was your session?", avoiding questions without these adverbs or adjectives such as "how was your training session/workout?". Future studies should analyse the collection of the localized RPE responses in professional volleyball athletes and their relationships with objective markers such as the number of jumps and accelerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Rebelo
- CIDEFES, Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Exercício e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- COD, Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João R. Pereira
- CIDEFES, Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Exercício e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- COD, Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diogo V. Martinho
- Research Unity in Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/DTP/04213/2020), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Dietetics and Nutrition, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Valente-dos-Santos
- CIDEFES, Centro de Investigação em Desporto, Educação Física e Exercício e Saúde, Universidade Lusófona, Lisboa, Portugal
- COD, Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal
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18
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van der Zwaard S, Hooft Graafland F, van Middelkoop C, Lintmeijer LL. Validity and Reliability of Facial Rating of Perceived Exertion Scales for Training Load Monitoring. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:e317-e324. [PMID: 36227235 PMCID: PMC10125113 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT van der Zwaard, S, Hooft Graafland, F, van Middelkoop, C, and Lintmeijer, LL. Validity and reliability of facial rating of perceived exertion scales for training load monitoring. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2022-Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) is often used by coaches and athletes to indicate exercise intensity, which facilitates training load monitoring and prescription. Although RPE is typically measured using the Borg's category-ratio 10-point scale (CR10), digital sports platforms have recently started to incorporate facial RPE scales, which potentially have a better user experience. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of a 5-point facial RPE scale (FCR5) and a 10-point facial RPE scale (FCR10), using the CR10 as a golden standard and to assess their use for training load monitoring. Forty-nine subjects were grouped into 17 untrained (UT), 19 recreationally trained (RT), and 13 trained (T) individuals Subjects completed 9 randomly ordered home-based workout sessions (3 intensities × 3 RPE scales) on the Fitchannel.com platform. Heart rate was monitored throughout the workouts. Subjects performed 3 additional workouts to assess reliability. Validity and reliability of both facial RPE scales were low in UT subjects (intraclass correlation [ICC] ≤ 0.44, p ≤ 0.06 and ICC ≤ 0.43, p ≥ 0.09). In RT and T subjects, validity was moderate for FCR5 (ICC ≥ 0.72, p < 0.001) and good for FCR10 (ICC ≥ 0.80, p < 0.001). Reliability for these groups was rather poor for FCR5 (ICC = 0.51, p = 0.006) and moderate for FCR10 (ICC = 0.74, p < 0.001), but it was excellent for CR10 (ICC = 0.92, p < 0.001). In RT and T subjects, session RPE scores were also strongly related to Edward's training impulse scores ( r ≥ 0.70, p < 0.001). User experience was best supported by the FCR10 scale. In conclusion, researchers, coaches, strength and conditioning professionals, and digital sports platforms are encouraged to incorporate the valid and reliable FCR10 and not FCR5 to assess perceived exertion and internal training load of recreationally trained and trained individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan van der Zwaard
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Lotte L Lintmeijer
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Technical University Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
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19
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Epp-Stobbe A, Tsai MC, Morris C, Klimstra M. The Influence of Physical Contact on Athlete Load in International Female Rugby Sevens. J Strength Cond Res 2023; 37:383-387. [PMID: 36696260 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Epp-Stobbe, A, Tsai, M-C, Morris, C, and Klimstra, M. The influence of physical contact on athlete load in international female rugby sevens. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 383-387, 2023-Although self-reported rate of perceived exertion (RPE) is a simple and popular metric for monitoring player loads, this holistic measure may not adequately represent the distinct contributing factors to athlete loading in team sports, such as contact load. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the relationship between the number of contacts experienced and playing time on RPE in elite women's rugby sevens athletes during competition. Additionally, we examine the contribution of the number of contacts and playing time to RPE. The data collected included RPE, playing time, and number of contacts from 1 team participating in 74 international women's sevens matches. The relationship was modeled using multiple linear regression. Results, including the coefficients for the number of contacts and playing time, were significant (p < 0.001), and R2adjusted was 0.3063. Because contacts are accounted for within the measure of RPE in the proposed model, this further supports the value of RPE as a global measure of athlete experience. However, this study has found a different relationship between RPE and playing time dependent on the number of contacts, such that the influence of playing time on RPE decreases as the number of contacts increase. Ultimately, this may mean that the weighting of individual salient factors affecting player loads, such as the number of contacts or playing time, depend on the levels of all known and potentially unknown factors experienced and may limit the use of RPE when contextualizing player load across athletes. Taken together, the findings suggest that the number of contacts, playing time, and RPE should be considered when monitoring athlete loads while further substantiating the need for more, and higher resolution, measures to better quantify competition loads in contact team sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarah Epp-Stobbe
- Department of Biomechanics and Performance Analysis, Canadian Sport Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Department of Biomechanics and Performance Analysis, Canadian Sport Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Callum Morris
- Rugby Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada ; and
| | - Marc Klimstra
- Department of Biomechanics and Performance Analysis, Canadian Sport Institute, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Innovation and Research, Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Ayán C, Diz JC, Varela S, Sanchez-Lastra MA. The Omni Scale Is Not Suitable for Assessing Self-Perceived Exertion during Physical Activity in Preschoolers. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:238. [PMID: 36832367 PMCID: PMC9954668 DOI: 10.3390/children10020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to identify the utility, reliability, and validity of an adapted version of the OMNI self-perceived exertion (PE) rating scale in preschoolers. POPULATION AND METHODS Firstly, 50 (mean age ± standard deviation [SD] = 5.3 ± 0.5 years, 40% girls) performed a cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) test twice, with a one-week interval between assessments, and rated their PE either individually or in groups. Secondly, 69 children (mean age ± SD = 4.5 ± 0.5 years, 49% girls) performed two CRF tests, separated by a one-week interval, twice and rated their self-PE. Thirdly, the heart rate (HR) of 147 children (mean age ± SD = 5.0 ± 0.6 years, 47% girls) were compared against self-rated PE after finishing the CRF test. RESULTS Self-assessed PE differed when the scale was administered individually (e.g., 82% rated PE with 10) or in groups (42% rated PE with 10). The scale showed poor test-retest reliability (ICC:0.314-0.031). No significant associations were found between the HR and PE ratings. CONCLUSIONS An adapted version of the OMNI scale was found not suitable for assessing self-PE in preschoolers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ayán
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - José C. Diz
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Silvia Varela
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sanchez-Lastra
- Department of Special Didactics, University of Vigo, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain
- Well-Move Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), Sergas-UVIGO, 36312 Vigo, Spain
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21
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Peres FP, Levada-Pires AC, Vieira M, Hatanaka E, Cury-Boaventura MF, Folador A, Gorjão R, Hirabara SM, Santos-Silva PR, Deuster PA, Curi R, Pithon-Curi TC. Hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with glutamine dipeptide attenuates skeletal muscle damage and improves physical exhaustion test performance in triathletes. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 4:1011240. [PMID: 36685057 PMCID: PMC9853540 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.1011240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effects of hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with glutamine dipeptide on the percentage of oxygen consumption, second ventilatory threshold, duration and total distance covered, and skeletal muscle damage during an exhaustion test in elite triathletes. Methods The study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Nine male triathletes performed a progressive incremental test on a treadmill ergometer (1.4 km h-1·3 min-1) 30 min after ingesting either 50 g of maltodextrin plus four tablets of 700 mg hydrolyzed whey protein enriched with 175 mg of glutamine dipeptide diluted in 250 ml of water (MGln) or four tablets of 700 mg maltodextrin plus 50 g maltodextrin diluted in 250 ml of water (M). Each athlete was submitted to the two dietary treatments and two corresponding exhaustive physical tests with an interval of one week between the interventions. The effects of the two treatments were then compared within the same athlete. Maximal oxygen consumption, percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, second ventilatory threshold, and duration and total distance covered were measured during the exhaustion test. Blood was collected before and immediately after the test for the determination of plasma lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and lactate concentration (also measured 6, 10, and 15 min after the test). Plasma cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-1ra) and C-reactive protein levels were also measured. Results A single dose of MGln increased the percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, second ventilatory threshold duration, and total distance covered during the exhaustion test and augmented plasma lactate levels 6 and 15 min after the test. MGln also decreased plasma LDH and CK activities indicating muscle damage protection. Plasma cytokine and C-reactive protein levels did not change across the study periods. Conclusion Conditions including overnight fasting and a single dose of MGln supplementation resulted in exercising at a higher percentage of maximal oxygen consumption, a higher second ventilatory threshold, blood lactate levels, and reductions in plasma markers of muscle damage during an exhaustion test in elite triathletes. These findings support oral glutamine supplementation's efficacy in triathletes, but further studies require.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Pinheiro Peres
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil,Correspondence: Adriana Cristina Levada-Pires
| | - Marcelo Vieira
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elaine Hatanaka
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda Cury-Boaventura
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Folador
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Santos-Silva
- Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia A. Deuster
- Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Military and Emergency Medicine, Consortium for Health and Military Performance, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function: A Systematic Review of the Moderating Role of Intensity and Executive Function Domain. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:141. [PMID: 36480075 PMCID: PMC9732176 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated that there is a beneficial effect of acute exercise on cognitive function; however, the moderators of the acute resistance exercise (RE) effect on executive function (EF) are underestimated. This systematic review aims to clarify the effects of acute RE on EF by examining the moderating effect of exercise intensity (light, moderate, and vigorous) and EF domains (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), as well as their interactions. METHODS The search strategy was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycARTICLES, and Cochrane Library) prior to January 29, 2022. Included studies had to: (1) investigate acute RE in adults with normal cognition and without diagnosed disease; (2) include a control group or control session for comparison; (3) include outcomes related to the core EF domains; and (4) be published in English. The methodological quality of the included studies was judged according to the PEDro scale guidelines. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included which included a total of 692 participants. More than half of the outcomes (24/42, 57.14%) indicate that acute RE had a statistically significant positive effect on overall EF. In terms of RE intensity and EF domain, moderate intensity acute RE benefited EF more consistently than light and vigorous intensity acute RE. Acute RE-induced EF benefits were more often found for inhibitory control than for working memory and cognitive flexibility. When considering moderators simultaneously, measuring inhibitory control after light or moderate intensity RE and measuring working memory or cognitive flexibility after moderate intensity RE most often resulted in statistically significant positive outcomes. CONCLUSION Acute RE has a beneficial effect on EF, observed most consistently for inhibitory control following moderate intensity RE. Future studies should include all exercise intensities and EF domains as well as investigate other potential moderators to enable a better understanding of the benefits of acute RE on EF.
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Lopes TR, Pereira HM, Silva BM. Perceived Exertion: Revisiting the History and Updating the Neurophysiology and the Practical Applications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192114439. [PMID: 36361320 PMCID: PMC9658641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The perceived exertion construct creation is a landmark in exercise physiology and sport science. Obtaining perceived exertion is relatively easy, but practitioners often neglect some critical methodological issues in its assessment. Furthermore, the perceived exertion definition, neurophysiological basis, and practical applications have evolved since the perceived exertion construct's inception. Therefore, we revisit the careful work devoted by Gunnar Borg with psychophysical methods to develop the perceived exertion construct, which resulted in the creation of two scales: the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and the category-ratio 10 (CR10). We discuss a contemporary definition that considers perceived exertion as a conscious perception of how hard, heavy, and strenuous the exercise is, according to the sense of effort to command the limbs and the feeling of heavy breathing (respiratory effort). Thus, other exercise-evoked sensations would not hinder the reported perceived exertion. We then describe the neurophysiological mechanisms involved in the perceived exertion genesis during exercise, including the influence of the peripheral feedback from the skeletal muscles and the cardiorespiratory system (i.e., afferent feedback) and the influence of efferent copies from the motor command and respiratory drive (i.e., corollary discharges), as well as the interaction between them. We highlight essential details practitioners should consider when using the RPE and CR10 scales, such as the perceived exertion definition, the original scales utilization, and the descriptors anchoring process. Finally, we present how practitioners can use perceived exertion to assess cardiorespiratory fitness, individualize exercise intensity prescription, predict endurance exercise performance, and monitor athletes' responses to physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Ribeiro Lopes
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology at Olympic Center of Training and Research, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-000, SP, Brazil
- São Paulo Association for Medicine Development, São Paulo 04037-003, SP, Brazil
| | - Hugo Maxwell Pereira
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Bruno Moreira Silva
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology at Olympic Center of Training and Research, Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-000, SP, Brazil
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24
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Bok D, Rakovac M, Foster C. An Examination and Critique of Subjective Methods to Determine Exercise Intensity: The Talk Test, Feeling Scale, and Rating of Perceived Exertion. Sports Med 2022; 52:2085-2109. [PMID: 35507232 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Prescribing exercise intensity is crucial in achieving an adequate training stimulus. While numerous objective methods exist and are used in practical settings for exercise intensity prescription, they all require anchor measurements that are derived from a maximal or submaximal graded exercise test or a series of submaximal or supramaximal exercise bouts. Conversely, self-reported subjective methods such as the Talk Test (TT), Feeling Scale (FS) affect rating, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) do not require exercise testing prior to commencement of the exercise training and therefore appear as more practical tools for exercise intensity prescription. This review is intended to provide basic information on reliability and construct validity of the TT, FS, and RPE measurements to delineate intensity domains. The TT and RPE appear to be valid measures of both the ventilatory threshold and the respiratory compensation threshold. Although not specifically examined, the FS showed tendency to demarcate ventilatory threshold, but its validity to demarcate the respiratory compensation threshold is limited. Equivocal stage of the TT, RPE of 10-11, and FS ratings between fairly good (+ 1) and good (+ 3) are reflective of the ventilatory threshold, while negative stage of the TT, RPE of 13-15, and FS ratings around neutral (0) are reflective of the respiratory compensation threshold. The TT and RPE can effectively be used to elicit homeostatic disturbances consistent with the moderate, heavy, and severe intensity domains, while physiological responses to constant FS ratings show extensive variability around ventilatory threshold to be considered effective in demarcating transition between moderate and heavy intensity domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bok
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marija Rakovac
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Carl Foster
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, USA
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25
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Normand-Gravier T, Britto F, Launay T, Renfree A, Toussaint JF, Desgorces FD. Exercise Dose Equalization in High-Intensity Interval Training: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19094980. [PMID: 35564375 PMCID: PMC9104727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19094980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on comparisons to moderate continuous exercise (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is becoming a worldwide trend in physical exercise. This raises methodological questions related to equalization of exercise dose when comparing protocols. The present scoping review aims to identify in the literature the evidence for protocol equalization and the soundness of methods used for it. PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for original investigations comparing the effects of HIIT to MICT. A total of 2041 articles were identified, and 169 were included. Of these, 98 articles equalized protocols by utilizing energy-based methods or exercise volume (58 and 31 articles, respectively). No clear consensus for protocol equalization appears to have evolved over recent years. Prominent equalization methods consider the exercise dose (i.e., energy expenditure/production or total volume) in absolute values without considering the nonlinear nature of its relationship with duration. Exercises resulting from these methods induced maximal exertion in HIIT but low exertion in MICT. A key question is, therefore, whether exercise doses are best considered in absolute terms or relative to individual exercise maximums. If protocol equalization is accepted as an essential methodological prerequisite, it is hypothesized that comparison of program effects would be more accurate if exercise was quantified relative to intensity-related maximums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Normand-Gravier
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Florian Britto
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- Institute Cochin, U1016 INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Launay
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- Institute Cochin, U1016 INSERM, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Andrew Renfree
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Worcester, Worcester WR2 6AJ, UK;
| | - Jean-François Toussaint
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, 75012 Paris, France
- CIMS, Hôtel-Dieu, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, 75004 Paris, France
| | - François-Denis Desgorces
- Université Paris Cité, 75015 Paris, France; (T.N.-G.); (F.B.); (T.L.); (J.-F.T.)
- URP 7329-IRMES (Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport), INSEP, 75012 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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26
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Differences between Systems Using Optical and Capacitive Sensors in Treadmill-Based Spatiotemporal Analysis of Level and Sloping Gait. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072790. [PMID: 35408404 PMCID: PMC9003327 DOI: 10.3390/s22072790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Modern technology has enabled researchers to analyze gait with great accuracy and in various conditions based on the needs of the trainees. The purpose of the study was to investigate the agreement between systems equipped with optical and capacitive sensors in the analysis of treadmill-based level and sloping gait. The spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured in 30 healthy college-level students during barefoot walking on 0% (level), -10% and -20% (downhill) and +10% and +20% (uphill) slopes at hiking-related speeds using an optoelectric cell system and an instrumented treadmill. Inter-system agreement was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) and the 95% limits of agreement. Our findings revealed excellent ICCs for the temporal and between moderate to excellent ICCs for the spatial parameters of gait. Walking downhill and on a 10% slope demonstrated better inter-system agreement compared to walking uphill and on a 20% slope. Inter-system agreement regarding the duration of gait phases was increased by increasing the number of LEDs used by the optoelectric cell system to detect the contact event. The present study suggests that systems equipped with optical and capacitive sensors can be used interchangeably in the treadmill-based spatiotemporal analysis of level and sloping gait.
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Montull L, Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė A, Kiely J, Hristovski R, Balagué N. Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:41. [PMID: 35348932 PMCID: PMC8964908 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00432-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in sports monitoring are characterized by the massive collection of tech-based biomechanical, physiological and performance data, integrated through mathematical algorithms. However, the application of algorithms, predicated on mechanistic assumptions of how athletes operate, cannot capture, assess and adequately promote athletes' health and performance. The objective of this paper is to reorient the current integrative proposals of sports monitoring by re-conceptualizing athletes as complex adaptive systems (CAS). CAS contain higher-order perceptual units that provide continuous and multilevel integrated information about performer-environment interactions. Such integrative properties offer exceptional possibilities of subjective monitoring for outperforming any objective monitoring system. Future research should investigate how to enhance this human potential to contribute further to athletes' health and performance. This line of argument is not intended to advocate for the elimination of objective assessments, but to highlight the integrative possibilities of subjective monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluc Montull
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- University School of Health and Sport, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Agne Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Nursing and Faculty of Public Health, Health Research Institute, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - John Kiely
- Institute of Coaching and Performance, School of Sport and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Robert Hristovski
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Faculty of Physical Education, Sport and Health, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Natàlia Balagué
- Complex Systems in Sport Research Group, Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Analysis of the Effect of Acupuncture and Pressing of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Recovery of Delayed Muscle Soreness in Athletes. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:7875068. [PMID: 35178234 PMCID: PMC8843998 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7875068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed numerous effects of the acupuncture and pressing of traditional Chinese medicine on recovery of delayed muscle soreness in athletes. To implement this idea, a total of 84 athletes with delayed muscle soreness treated in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were included. According to the random number table method, they were divided into the experimental group and the control group: among them, 42 cases were in the experimental group and were treated by TCM acupuncture. In the control group, 42 athletes used rehabilitation training. Compared with serum CK levels in the control group, serum CK levels in the experimental group decreased after training, and there was a significant difference (P < 0.05). After intensive training in the control group (P < 0.05), it indicated that acupuncture and pressing of traditional Chinese medicine was effective in the recovery of fatigue after exercise, which was significantly better than that in the control group. The serum testosterone value of the experimental group before intensive training had no significant difference, but the serum testosterone value of the moxibustion group of male athletes after intensive training was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Female athletes have a low blood testosterone base and are less affected by the gonad axis. There was no statistically significant difference in RPE scores before treatment. After treatment, the RPE score of the experimental group decreased rapidly (P < 0.05), which was statistically significant compared with the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in VAS scores before treatment. After treatment, the VAS score in the experimental group decreased rapidly (P < 0.05) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After treatment, compared with the control group, the experimental group had a decrease in calf circumference, an increase in muscle strength, and an increase in the range of motion (P < 0.05). Acupuncture and pressing of traditional Chinese medicine have obvious clinical application value in the treatment of delayed muscle soreness in athletes, and they have great clinical application value. Muscle injury is a common disease of athletes.
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29
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Machado S, Telles G, Magalhaes F, Teixeira D, Amatriain-Fernández S, Budde H, Imperatori C, Murillo-Rodriguez E, Monteiro D, Telles Correia D, Sá Filho AS. Can regular physical exercise be a treatment for panic disorder? A systematic review. Expert Rev Neurother 2022; 22:53-64. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.2005581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Machado
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Neurodiversity Institute, Queimados-RJ, Brazil
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Mérida, México
| | - George Telles
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Franklin Magalhaes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Post-Graduate Program (PGCAF), Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teixeira
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, ULHT, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Amatriain-Fernández
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Institute for Systems Medicine (ISM) at the Faculty of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Eric Murillo-Rodriguez
- Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, Escuela de Medicina, División Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Diogo Monteiro
- Department of Human Kinetics, ESECS, Polytechnique Institute of Leiria, Leiria, Portugal
- Research Centre in Sports, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Portugal
| | - Diogo Telles Correia
- Serviço de Psiquiatria. Hospital de Santa Maria. Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte. Lisboa. Departamento de Psiquiatria. Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Alberto Souza Sá Filho
- Post Graduate Program of University Center of Anápolis (UniEVANGÉLICA), Anápolis, Brazil
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30
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Chiu CH, Chen CH, Yang TJ, Chou KM, Chen BW, Lin ZY, Lin YC. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing decreases fatigue index of taekwondo frequency speed of kick test. CHINESE J PHYSIOL 2022; 65:46-50. [DOI: 10.4103/cjp.cjp_99_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Jofré-Saldía E, Villalobos-Gorigoitía Á, Gea-García G. Methodological Proposal for Strength and Power Training in Older Athletes: A Narrative Review. Curr Aging Sci 2022; 15:135-146. [PMID: 35227189 DOI: 10.2174/1874609815666220228153646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Within the adult population, it is not uncommon to meet older athletes who challenge the negative stereotypes associated with aging. Although their physical performance is superior to their sedentary counterparts, they are not immune to impaired neuromuscular function, leading to a decreased physical capacity and an increased risk of injuries. Despite the abundant information about the benefits of strength/power training in advanced ages, there are no methodological proposals that guide physical activity professionals to program this type of training. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to review the factors related to the decrease in sports performance within older athletes and the benefits of a strength/power program in order to provide a methodological proposal to organize training in this population. METHODS This is a review article. First, databases from PubMed, Science Direct, and SPORTSDiscus and search engines, namely Google Scholar and Scielo, were reviewed, using standard keywords such as strength and power training, evaluation of physical performance, neuromuscular function, and risk of injury in the elderly athlete. All related articles published during the period 1963 to 2020 were considered. A total of 1837 documents were found. By removing 1715 unrelated documents, 122 articles were included in the study after revision control. RESULTS Strength/power training is key to alleviating the loss of performance in older athletes and the benefits in neuromuscular function, which helps reduce the rate of serious injuries, maintaining sports practice for a longer period of time. In order to design an appropriate program, a prior evaluation of the individual's physical-technical level must be carried out, respecting the biologicalpedagogical principles and safety regulations. CONCLUSION The methodological proposal delivered in this review can serve as a technical guide for physical activity professionals, which will be able to structure the strength/power training and thus preserve the sports practice in older athletes for a longer time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Jofré-Saldía
- Instituto del Deporte, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Facultad de Deporte, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | | | - Gemma Gea-García
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Facultad de Deporte, Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, España
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32
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Snir Melamed M, Silberg T, Bar O, Brezner A, Landa J, Gliboa Y. Online Awareness among Adolescents with Acquired Brain Injury: Preliminary Findings following Performance of Motor, Cognitive and Functional Tasks. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2022; 42:451-464. [PMID: 35109745 DOI: 10.1080/01942638.2022.2035038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Online awareness is an ongoing ability to monitor performance within the stream of action. It involves the ability to detect errors emerging during actual performance, as well as to anticipate potential problems. This preliminary within-subject study aimed to evaluate emergent and anticipatory online awareness among adolescents with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) during performance of motor, cognitive and functional tasks.Methods: 14 adolescents (11-18 years) following ABI were recruited. Before and after completion of the tasks, participants fulfilled task-related awareness questionnaires.Results: In the motor task, no significant correlations were found between heart rate and the subjective perceived exertion scale (emergent awareness). In the cognitive task, no significant correlations were found between the estimated difficulty before the task (anticipatory awareness) and actual performance, however a significant correlation was found between performance and the self-evaluation of performance (emergent awareness), in the easiest item of the task. In the functional task, two main patterns of online awareness were recognized: accurate and overestimation of performance.Conclusions: Online awareness deficits in adolescents after ABI, vary as a function of task characteristics. Clinicians who aim to improve online awareness should direct interventions to mainly include functional tasks, as compared to cognitive and motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Snir Melamed
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,School of Occupational Therapy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Silberg
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orly Bar
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Amichai Brezner
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
| | - Janna Landa
- Pediatric Rehabilitation Department, The Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yafit Gliboa
- School of Occupational Therapy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Marcon M, Zanella P. The effect of branched-chain amino acids supplementation in physical exercise: A systematic review of human randomized controlled trials. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Huang X, Wang R, Zhang Z, Wang G, Gao B. Effects of Pre-, Post- and Intra-Exercise Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Performance and Recovery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:791872. [PMID: 34887780 PMCID: PMC8650584 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.791872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a World Anti-doping Agency (WADA)-approved treatment, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy has been used to improve exercise performance in sports practice. Objective: We aimed to investigate the effect of pre-, post-, and intra-exercise HBO2 therapy on performance and recovery. Methods: A literature search was conducted using EMBASE, CENTRAL, PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus to obtain literature published until May 2021. A total of 1,712 studies that met the following criteria were identified: (1) enrolled healthy adults who were considered physically active; (2) evaluated HBO2 therapy; (3) included a control group exposed to normobaric normoxic (NN) conditions; (4) involved physical testing (isokinetic or dynamic strength exercise, maximal incremental treadmill/cycle exercise, etc.); and (5) included at least one exercise performance/recovery index as an outcome measure. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the included studies, and the heterogeneity of therapy effects was assessed using the I2 statistic by Review Manager 5.3. Results: Ten studies (166 participants) were included in the qualitative analysis, and six studies (69 participants) were included in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). In comparisons between participants who underwent HBO2 therapy and NN conditions, the effects of pre-exercise HBO2 therapy on exercise performance were not statistically significant (P > 0.05), and the effects of post-exercise HBO2 therapy on recovery were not statistically significant either (P > 0.05). Although individual studies showed positive effects of intra-exercise HBO2 therapy on exercise performance, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy before or after exercise had no significant effect on performance and recovery. However, hyperbaric oxygen therapy during exercise could improve muscle endurance performance, which needs to be confirmed by further empirical studies. At present, the practical relevance of these findings should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhang Huang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Winter Sports Training Monitoring and Control, Heilongjiang Research Institute of Sports Science, Harbin, China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Winter Sports Training Monitoring and Control, Heilongjiang Research Institute of Sports Science, Harbin, China
| | - Binghong Gao
- School of Physical Education and Sport Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Karayigit R, Naderi A, Saunders B, Forbes SC, Coso JD, Berjisian E, Yildirim UC, Suzuki K. Combined but Not Isolated Ingestion of Caffeine and Taurine Improves Wingate Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes Habituated to Caffeine. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9120162. [PMID: 34941800 PMCID: PMC8705953 DOI: 10.3390/sports9120162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) in isolation and combined during exercise in males. However, the potential synergistic effect during high-intensity exercise remains unknown in female athletes. Seventeen female team-sport athletes participated (age: 23.4 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.68 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 59.5 ± 2.2 kg). All participants were habitual caffeine consumers (340.1 ± 28.6 mg/day). A double-blind randomized crossover design was used. Participants completed four experimental trials: (i) CAF and TAU (6 mg/kg body mass of CAF + 1 g of TAU), (ii) CAF alone; (iii) TAU alone; and (iv) placebo (PLA). Supplements were ingested 60 min before a 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Heart rate and blood lactate (BL) were measured before and immediately after the WAnT; and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded immediately after the WAnT. Peak power (PP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.03) and TAU (p = 0.03). Mean power (MP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.01). No other differences were found between conditions for PP and MP (p > 0.05). There were also no observed differences in fatigue index (FI), BL; heart rate; and RPE between conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, compared to PLA the combined ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF and 1 g of TAU improved both PP and MP in female athletes habituated to caffeine; however; CAF and TAU independently failed to augment WAnT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raci Karayigit
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı 06830, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Alireza Naderi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd 6915136111, Iran;
| | - Bryan Saunders
- Applied Physiology and Nutrition Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil;
| | - Scott C. Forbes
- Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB R7A6A9, Canada;
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28043 Fuenlabrada, Spain;
| | - Erfan Berjisian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran 1417935840, Iran;
| | - Ulas Can Yildirim
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Ankara University, Gölbaşı 06830, Turkey;
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop 57000, Turkey
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Totorozawa 359-1192, Japan
- Correspondence: (R.K.); (K.S.)
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Damrongthai C, Kuwamizu R, Suwabe K, Ochi G, Yamazaki Y, Fukuie T, Adachi K, Yassa MA, Churdchomjan W, Soya H. Benefit of human moderate running boosting mood and executive function coinciding with bilateral prefrontal activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22657. [PMID: 34811374 PMCID: PMC8608901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Running, compared to pedaling is a whole-body locomotive movement that may confer more mental health via strongly stimulating brains, although running impacts on mental health but their underlying brain mechanisms have yet to be determined; since almost the mechanistic studies have been done with pedaling. We thus aimed at determining the acute effect of a single bout of running at moderate-intensity, the most popular condition, on mood and executive function as well as their neural substrates in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Twenty-six healthy participants completed both a 10-min running session on a treadmill at 50%[Formula: see text] and a resting control session in randomized order. Executive function was assessed using the Stroop interference time from the color-word matching Stroop task (CWST) and mood was assessed using the Two-Dimensional Mood Scale, before and after both sessions. Prefrontal hemodynamic changes while performing the CWST were investigated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Running resulted in significant enhanced arousal and pleasure level compared to control. Running also caused significant greater reduction of Stroop interference time and increase in Oxy-Hb signals in bilateral PFCs. Besides, we found a significant association among pleasure level, Stroop interference reaction time, and the left dorsolateral PFCs: important brain loci for inhibitory control and mood regulation. To our knowledge, an acute moderate-intensity running has the beneficial of inducing a positive mood and enhancing executive function coinciding with cortical activation in the prefrontal subregions involved in inhibitory control and mood regulation. These results together with previous findings with pedaling imply the specificity of moderate running benefits promoting both cognition and pleasant mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorphaka Damrongthai
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuya Suwabe
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, Ryutsu Keizai University, Ryugasaki, 301-8555, Japan
| | - Genta Ochi
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, 950-3198, Japan
| | - Yudai Yamazaki
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Takemune Fukuie
- School of Nursing and Social Services, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Hokkaido, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Adachi
- Laboratory of Applied Anatomy, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
| | - Michael A Yassa
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92679-3800, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92679-3800, USA
| | - Worachat Churdchomjan
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Sports Medicine, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
- Sports Neuroscience Division, Department of Mind, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8574, Japan.
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Uthoff A, Bustos A, Metral G, Cronin J, Dolcetti J, Rumpf MC. Does Warming Up With Wearable Resistance Influence Internal and External Training Load in National Level Soccer Players? Sports Health 2021; 14:92-98. [PMID: 34781770 DOI: 10.1177/19417381211055696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adding wearable resistance (WR) to training results in superior performance compared with unloaded conditions. However, it is unclear if adding WR during warm-up influences training load (TL) in the subsequent session. The aim of this research was to track TL in soccer players during the transition from late preseason to early in-season and examine whether adding WR to the lower leg during a warm-up influenced TL measures during warm-ups and on-field training sessions after WR was removed. HYPOTHESIS The addition of WR worn on the lower legs during an on-field warm-up would lead to decreases in relatively high-intensity external TL metrics, such as distance covered >6.11 m∙s-1 and acceleration and deceleration >/<3 m∙s-2 and increases in internal TL during the warm-up, yet would have little effect on the subsequent training session when WR was removed. STUDY DESIGN Matched-pair randomized design. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 3. METHODS A total of 28 soccer players were allocated to either a WR training (WRT = 14) or unloaded (control [CON] = 14) group. Both groups performed the same warm-up and on-field training for 8 weeks, with the WRT group wearing 200 g to 600 g loads on their lower leg during the warm-up. External TL was measured via global positioning system data and internal TL was assessed using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE × time per session). RESULTS No statistically significant between-group differences (P ≥ 0.05) were identified for any TL measurement during either warm-ups or training sessions. Lower leg WR resulted in trivial to moderate effects for all external TL metrics (-16.9% to 2.40%; d = -0.61 to 0.14) and sRPE (-0.33%; d = -0.03) during the warm-up and trivial to small effects on all external TL metrics (-8.95% to -0.36%; d = -0.45 to -0.30) and sRPE (3.39%; d = 0.33) during training sessions. CONCLUSION Warming up with lower leg WR negatively affects neither the quality and quantity of the warm-up nor the subsequent training session once WR is removed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Using WR on the lower leg during on-field warm-ups may be a means to "microdose" strength training while not unduly increasing TL. However, further research is needed to determine the influence of WR on strength qualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Uthoff
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aníbal Bustos
- Department of Evaluation and Prescription of Physical Training, Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina.,Ergolab, Human Performance Lab, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Metral
- University of the Great Rosary, Santa Fé, Argentina.,Belgrano Athletic Club of Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - John Cronin
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Michael C Rumpf
- School of Sport and Recreation, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Footballscience, Rödermark, Germany
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Effect of Rest Period Duration between Sets of Repeated Sprint Skating Ability Test on the Skating Ability of Ice Hockey Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010591. [PMID: 34682336 PMCID: PMC8536092 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of two different rest periods, 2 min and 3 min, between consecutive sets of a repeated sprint skating ability (RSSA) test, on the skating ability of ice hockey players. Two RSSA tests, RSSA-2 and RSSA-3, were assessed on 24 ice hockey players. In RSSA-2, six sets of 3 × 80 m sprint skating, with 2 min passive recovery between two consecutive sets was allowed. In RSSA-3, the recovery period between the sets was 3 min. Average speed, average heart rate (HRaver), peak heart rate (HRpeak), blood lactate concentration ([BLa]), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured in both RSSA-2 and RSSA-3 tests. In all the sets, except set 1, the average speed of the subjects was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in RSSA-3 than the respective set in RSSA-2. Average HR and RPE were higher in RSSA-2 than RSSA-3 in most of the sets. For any given set, no difference in HRpeak was noted between RSSA-2 and RSSA-3. Post-sprint (Set 6) [BLa] was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in RSSA-3 than RSSA-2. This study concludes that the 3 min rest period is more beneficial than the 2 min rest period, for (1) increasing skating speed and (2) reducing overall cardiac workload and perceived fatigue.
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Camacho P, Cruz DA, Madinabeitia I, Giménez FJ, Cárdenas D. Time Constraint Increases Mental Load and Influences in the Performance in Small-Sided Games in Basketball. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2021; 92:443-452. [PMID: 32493121 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2020.1745138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: In team sports like basketball, small-sided games have received much scientific attention because of their capacity to simulate competitive environments. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of different task constraints on mental load, and its consequences for individual and team performance in basketball small-sided games. Method: Twenty-four university students voluntarily took part in this study (Mage = 20.81 years [± 1.76]). Four different 3 × 3 basketball games were played: (A) free game, (B) seven seconds possession, (C) three passes maximum per attack phase, (D) conditions B and C combined. Results: Statistical analysis showed that constraints B, C and D produce more mental load, provoke differences in the affect response and the performance is worse. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the mental cost of restricting the time and number of passes, separately and combined to decide and act.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iker Madinabeitia
- University of Granada
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS)
| | | | - David Cárdenas
- University of Granada
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS)
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40
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Claveau P, Deshayes TA, Jeker D, Pancrate T, Goulet EDB. Provision of instructions to drink ad libitum or according to thirst sensation: impact during 120 km of cycling in the heat in men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 47:1-8. [PMID: 34461024 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The terms drinking to thirst and ad libitum drinking are used interchangeably, but should they? We investigated the differences in how athletes consumed fluids during exercise when instructed to drink according to thirst or ad libitum. Using a randomized, crossover, and counterbalanced design, 10 males (27 ± 4 y) cycled 120 km (48 ± 4% of peak power, 33 °C, 40% relative humidity) on 2 occasions, while drinking water according to thirst or ad libitum. Participants covered the cycling trials in 222 ± 11 min (p = 0.29). Although the body mass loss at the end of exercise and total volume of water consumed were similar between trials, thirst perception before each sip and the volume consumed per sip were significantly higher with thirst than ad libitum drinking, whereas the total number of sips was significantly lower with thirst than ad libitum drinking. Perceived exertion, rectal temperature, and heart rate were all significantly higher with thirst than ad libitum drinking, but the difference was trivial. In conclusion, thirst and ad libitum drinking are associated with different drinking patterns, but equally maintain fluid balance during prolonged exercise. The terms drinking to thirst and ad libitum drinking can be used interchangeably to guide fluid intake during prolonged exercise. Novelty: Both strategies are associated with different patterns of fluid ingestion during prolonged exercise, but are equally effective in maintaining fluid balance. Perceived exertion, rectal temperature, and heart rate are regulated dissimilarly by thirst and ad libitum drinking, but the difference is trivial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Claveau
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas A Deshayes
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - David Jeker
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Timothée Pancrate
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Eric D B Goulet
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Wang Y, Tian J, Yang Q. On Mindfulness Training for Promoting Mental Toughness of Female College Students in Endurance Exercise. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5596111. [PMID: 34484394 PMCID: PMC8410402 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the promoting effects of mindfulness training on female college students' mental toughness in endurance exercise. METHODS A cluster sampling method was used to select 60 female college students as subjects. Based on the body mass index (BMI), stratified randomization was used to divide them into the mindfulness-training group and the control group. Participants in mindfulness-training group had an 8-week mindfulness training, while participants in control group waited. Before and after training, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used for pretest and posttest, and paired t-test and covariance analysis were performed on pretest and posttest between-group data. RESULTS (1) Paired t-test results showed the posttest scores (26.67 ± 3.56; 20.97 ± 3.66; 126.53 ± 8.59) of the three dimensions of description, nonresponse and FFMQ total score of the mindfulness-training group were higher than the pretest scores (25.53 ± 3.74; 19.23 ± 3.59; 121.43 ± 6.78). Statistical significance was shown in their differences (t = -2.25; -2.70; -3.25, p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical significance in the pretest and posttest of control group. The covariance analyses showed the posttest scores of the mindfulness-training group in three dimensions of description, nonresponse, and FFMQ were higher than the posttest scores of the control group. Statistical significance was shown in their differences (F = 6.55; 6.08; 5.91; p < 0.05). (2) Paired t-test showed posttest scores (46.50 ± 5.93; 30.40 ± 3.75; 15.00 ± 2.34) were significantly higher than pretest scores (42.60 ± 7.68; 26.50 ± 4.32; 12.87 ± 2.51) in all dimensions of the mental toughness of the mindfulness-training group. Statistical significance was shown in their differences (t = -3.135, -4.765, -4.922, p < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in the pretest and posttest scores in all dimensions of the mental toughness of the control group. The covariance analysis showed that the posttest scores of all dimensions of the mental toughness of the mindfulness-training group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (F = 11.133, 12.101, 16.053, all p < 0.001). (3) Paired t-test showed that the posttest score of the mindfulness-training group on exercise intensity perception immediately after 800-meter endurance run (5.67 ± 2.61) was lower than the pretest score (7.03 ± 1.24) and the difference was statistically significant (t = 4.18, p < 0.001), while the difference was not statistically significant in the control group. The covariance analysis showed that the posttest score of the mindfulness-training group on exercise intensity perception was lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (F = 15.81, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Mindfulness training improved the level of female college students' mindfulness and mental toughness in their endurance sports, while reducing the fatigue feeling of female college students in endurance sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Physical Education, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Foreign Languages, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, China
| | - Qingxuan Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
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Morze J, Rücker G, Danielewicz A, Przybyłowicz K, Neuenschwander M, Schlesinger S, Schwingshackl L. Impact of different training modalities on anthropometric outcomes in patients with obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13218. [PMID: 33624411 PMCID: PMC8244024 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity management guidelines consistently advise aerobic training for weight loss, whereas recommendations for other training modalities are sparse. This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare the long-term effects of different training modalities on anthropometric outcomes in patients with obesity. MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched to identify the following: (1) randomized controlled trials (RCTs); (2) conducted in adults with a mean body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 ; (3) comparing aerobic, resistance, combined, or high-intensity interval training head-to-head or to control for ≥6 months; and (4) reporting changes in body weight (BW), BMI, waist circumference (WC), fat mass (FM), or fat-free mass (FFM). Random-effects NMA models were fitted in a frequentist approach. GRADE framework was used to assess certainty of evidence. Thirty-two RCTs with 4774 participants with obesity were included in this review. Aerobic training was ranked as best for improving BW, BMI, and WC and combined training for improving FM, as well as equally with resistance training most effective for improving FFM. Low to moderate certainty of evidence supports use of aerobic training to improve anthropometric outcomes in obesity, and its combination with resistance training provides additional benefit for reducing FM and increasing FFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Morze
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland.,Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Gerta Rücker
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna Danielewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | | | - Manuela Neuenschwander
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlesinger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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The effect of fatigue on jump height and the risk of knee injury after a volleyball training game: A pilot study. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2021-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: To investigate the effect of fatigue, induced by a volleyball training game on the risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury.
Material and methods: Thirteen female volleyball college athletes, ages 18 to 21 years old, completed jump landings from a box 30 cm height, prior and post a 60-minute volleyball training game. The clinical tool Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) was employed in order to evaluate the technique of landing prior and post the game. The level of fatigue induced by the volleyball game was assessed by vertical jump test and Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale pre and post-game. In order to compare measurements pre and post-game t-tests for dependent samples were used.
Results: Participants performed lower vertical jumps post-game with a Confidence Interval of 26.2 ± 2.3 cm (pre-game) and 24.9 ± 2.2 cm (post game). The difference between pre and post-game was found to be statistically significant with a t12 = 2.55 and a p-value of 0.026. In the case of assessing fatigue, the Borg RPE scale scores were found to be statistically significant (t12 = 14.05, p < 0.001) higher post-game (10.2 ± 0.6), as compared to pre-game (6.5 ± 0.4). Similarly, LESS scores increased significantly (t12 = 2.21, p = 0.047), post-game (6.3 ± 1.1) compared to pre-game (5.8 ± 1.0) that prove poorer landing ability.
Conclusion: It seems that a short duration volleyball training game induces fatigue and negatively affects the jumping and landing ability.
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Variability in Submaximal Self-Paced Exercise Bouts of Different Intensity and Duration. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1824-1833. [PMID: 34088883 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as a training-intensity prescription has been extensively used by athletes and coaches. However, individual variability in the physiological response to exercise prescribed using RPE has not been investigated. METHODS Twenty well-trained competitive cyclists (male = 18, female = 2, maximum oxygen consumption =55.07 [11.06] mL·kg-1·min-1) completed 3 exercise trials each consisting of 9 randomized self-paced exercise bouts of either 1, 4, or 8 minutes at RPEs of 9, 13, and 17. Within-athlete variability (WAV) and between-athletes variability (BAV) in power and physiological responses were calculated using the coefficient of variation. Total variability was calculated as the ratio of WAV to BAV. RESULTS Increased RPEs were associated with higher power, heart rate, work, volume of expired oxygen (VO2), volume of expired carbon dioxide (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb) (P < .001), and lower tissue saturation index (ΔTSI%) and ΔO2Hb (oxyhaemoglobin; P < .001). At an RPE of 9, shorter durations resulted in lower VO2 (P < .05) and decreased ΔTSI%, and the ΔHHb increased as the duration increased (P < .05). At an RPE of 13, shorter durations resulted in lower VO2, VE, and percentage of maximum oxygen consumption (P < .001), as well as higher power, heart rate, ΔHHb (P < .001), and ΔTSI% (P < .05). At an RPE of 17, power (P < .001) and ΔTSI% (P < .05) increased as duration decreased. As intensity and duration increased, WAV and BAV in power, work, heart rate, VO2, VCO2, and VE decreased, and WAV and BAV in near-infrared spectroscopy increased. CONCLUSIONS Self-paced intensity prescriptions of high effort and long duration result in the greatest consistency on both a within- and between-athletes basis.
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Jesus RSD, Batista RÉS, Santos VME, Ohara D, Alves EDS, Ribeiro LFP. Exercise Duration Affects Session Ratings of Perceived Exertion as a Function of Exercise Intensity. Percept Mot Skills 2021; 128:1730-1746. [PMID: 34039119 DOI: 10.1177/00315125211018445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Session ratings of perceived exertion (sRPE) are considered a practical marker of whole session exercise intensity, but its relationship to exercise volume has remained unclear. We analyzed the effects of exercise duration at different intensities on overall and differentiated sRPE. Sixteen males (Mage = 22.6, SD = 2.2 years; Mheight = 176.4, SD = 5.8 cm; Mweight = 74.0, SD = 5.9 kg; and Mbody fat = 9.4, SD = 2.2%) performed 15 and 30 minute runs at speeds associated with RPE levels of two (weak), three (moderate) and five (strong) on Borg's CR-10 scale during a previous graded exercise test. We used Foster's scale to access sRPE 30 minutes after each trial. Significant increases in sRPE were found with increases in running speed (p < 0.01, ηG2 = 0.48) and duration (p < 0.01, ηG2 = 0.16), with a significant speed X duration interaction (p < 0.01, ηG2 = 0.10). In addition, there was a significant effect for sRPE type (p = 0.01, ηG2 = 0.05) in that overall sRPE was slightly lower than sRPE differentiated to legs and higher than sRPE differentiated to breathing through the trials. Changes in sRPE from 15 to 30-minute trials were minimal for the slow speed and weak sRPE (Cohen´s dz = 0.04 - 0.25) but got higher at the moderate (Cohen´s dz = 0.88 - 1.06) and strong (Cohen´s dz = 1.94 - 2.50) speeds and sRPEs. Thus, exercise duration affects sRPE in an intensity dependent manner. This finding has practical relevance for prescribing exercise, suggesting a need to target specific training loads or aims to optimize trainees' retrospective perceptions of the exercise experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Évelyn Santos Batista
- Departamento de Pedagogia do Movimento do Corpo Humano, Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - David Ohara
- Departmento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
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Lin MA, Meng LF, Ouyang Y, Chan HL, Chang YJ, Chen SW, Liaw JW. Resistance-induced brain activity changes during cycle ergometer exercises. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:27. [PMID: 33741055 PMCID: PMC7977282 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00252-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background EEGs are frequently employed to measure cerebral activations during physical exercise or in response to specific physical tasks. However, few studies have attempted to understand how exercise-state brain activity is modulated by exercise intensity. Methods Ten healthy subjects were recruited for sustained cycle ergometer exercises at low and high resistance, performed on two separate days a week apart. Exercise-state EEG spectral power and phase-locking values (PLV) are analyzed to assess brain activity modulated by exercise intensity. Results The high-resistance exercise produced significant changes in beta-band PLV from early to late pedal stages for electrode pairs F3-Cz, P3-Pz, and P3-P4, and in alpha-band PLV for P3-P4, as well as the significant change rate in alpha-band power for electrodes C3 and P3. On the contrary, the evidence for changes in brain activity during the low-resistance exercise was not found. Conclusion These results show that the cortical activation and cortico-cortical coupling are enhanced to take on more workload, maintaining high-resistance pedaling at the required speed, during the late stage of the exercise period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-An Lin
- Faculty of Computer and Software Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, Jiang-Su, China
| | - Ling-Fu Meng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Science, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yuan Ouyang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lung Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Ju Chang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, and Health Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Szi-Wen Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Electronic Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Woei Liaw
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Longitudinal Relationships Between Maturation, Technical Efficiency, and Performance in Age-Group Swimmers: Improving Swimmer Evaluation. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:1082–1088. [PMID: 33706288 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2020-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aimed to (1) accurately examine longitudinal relationships between maturity status and both technical skill indices and performance in Australian male (N = 64) age-group Front-crawl swimmers (10-15 y) and (2) determine whether individual differences in maturation influenced relationships between technical skill level and swimming performance. METHODS A repeated-measures design was used to assess maturity status and performance on 200-m Front-crawl trial across 2 competition seasons (2018-2020). Assessments were made on 3 to 5 occasions (median = 3) separated by approximately 4 months. Average horizontal velocity and stroke frequency were used to calculate technical skill indices, specifically stroke index, and arm propelling efficiency. Relationships between variables were assessed using linear mixed models, identifying fixed, and random effect estimates. RESULTS Curvilinear trends best described significant longitudinal relationships between maturity status with horizontal velocity (F = 10.33 [1, 233.77]; P = .002) and stroke index (F = 5.55 [1, 217.9]; P = .02) during 200-m Front-crawl trials. Maturity status was not significantly related to arm propelling efficiency (P = .08). However, arm propelling efficiency was an independent predictor of Front-crawl velocity (F = 55.89 [1, 210.45]; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Maturity status predicted assessment of swimmer technical skill (stroke index) and swimming performance. However, technical skill accessed via arm propelling efficiency was independent of maturation and was predictive of performance. Maturity status influences performance evaluation based on technical skill and velocity. Findings highlight the need to account for maturation and technical skill in age-group swimmers to better inform swimmer evaluation.
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Konstantopoulos I, Kafetzakis I, Chatziilias V, Mandalidis D. Fatigue-Induced Inter-Limb Asymmetries in Strength of the Hip Stabilizers, Postural Control and Gait Following a Unilateral Countermovement Vertical Jump Protocol. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:33. [PMID: 33673474 PMCID: PMC7997463 DOI: 10.3390/sports9030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that neuromuscular overload and fatigue of one lower limb can affect the functional ability of the ipsilateral limb, and possibly the contralateral limb, increasing the likelihood of injury. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect of a unilateral countermovement vertical jump (UCVJ) fatigue protocol on the neuromuscular function of the ipsilateral as well as the contralateral lower limb. The isometric strength of the hip stabilizers, postural control via posturographic analysis during the Y-Balance-Test (YBT), and the stance-phase-of-gait were assessed in 24 healthy physical active males and females before and after execution of a UCVJ fatigue protocol. The fatigue protocol included 5 sets of 20 maximum UCVJs performed on the supportive leg, with a 30-s break between sets. Following a 16.8% decline in vertical jump performance and an associated 2.3-fold increase in perceived exertion, our findings revealed significant post-fatigue inter-limb differences regarding postural control. The post-fatigue inter-limb differences regarding the isometric strength of the hip stabilizers and the stance-phase-of-gait parameters were not significant. Our findings showed that a 100 UCVJs session is likely to induce significant inter-limb differences in postural control, possibly increasing the risk of lower limb injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dimitris Mandalidis
- Sports Physical Therapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 172 37 Athens, Greece; (I.K.); (I.K.); (V.C.)
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Carpes L, Jacobsen A, Domingues L, Jung N, Ferrari R. Recreational beach tennis reduces 24-h blood pressure in adults with hypertension: a randomized crossover trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1327-1336. [PMID: 33590342 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of a beach tennis session on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in adults with hypertension. METHODS In this randomized crossover trial, 24 participants (12 men and 12 women) randomly performed two experimental sessions: a beach tennis session and a non-exercise control session. The beach tennis session started with a standardized 5-min warm-up consisting of basic techniques, followed by three 12-min beach tennis matches with 2-min intervals between them. Heart rate was continuously recorded and rating of perceived exertion was assessed in the middle and at the end of each set during the beach tennis session. Enjoyment was also assessed after the beach tennis session. The control session was performed in seated rest. Both experimental sessions lasted 45 min. Ambulatory blood pressure was measured continuously for 24 h after sessions. RESULTS Systolic blood pressure (24-h: 6 mmHg, P = 0.008; daytime: 6 mmHg, P = 0.031; nighttime: 6 mmHg, P = 0.042) and diastolic blood pressure (24-h: 3 mmHg, P = 0.021; daytime: 3 mmHg, P = 0.036; nighttime: 4 mmHg, P = 0.076) decreased after beach tennis when compared with control. The participants presented a reserve heart rate of 59-68%, and a rating of perceived exertion score of 3.4-4.7 using Borg's CR10 Scale. The enjoyment scores after beach tennis session were higher than 90%. CONCLUSION A single session of recreational beach tennis reduces 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in adults with hypertension. Additionally, the participants can achieve a high physiological stress but perceive less effort during the practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Date: April 10, 2019; identifier number NCT03909308 (Clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Carpes
- Graduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Jacobsen
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Lucas Domingues
- Graduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Jung
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ferrari
- Graduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Sports and Exercise Training Study Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
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Anaerobic Threshold Prediction Using the OMNI-Walk/Run Scale in Long-Distance Runners: A Preliminary Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021; 16:727-730. [PMID: 33588372 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the anaerobic threshold through the lactate threshold determined by Dmax and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) threshold by Dmax and to evaluate the agreement and correlation between lactate threshold determined by Dmax and RPE threshold by Dmax during an incremental test performed on the treadmill in long-distance runners. METHODS A total of 16 long-distance runners volunteered to participate in the study. Participants performed 2 treadmill incremental tests for the collection of blood lactate concentrations and RPE separated by a 48-hour interval. The incremental test started at 8 km·h-1, increasing by 1.2 km·h-1 every third minute until exhaustion. During each stage of the incremental test, there were pauses of 30 seconds for the collection of blood lactate concentration and RPE. RESULTS No significant difference was found between methods lactate threshold determined by Dmax and RPE threshold by Dmax methods (P = .664). In addition, a strong correlation (r = .91) and agreement through Bland-Altman plot analysis were found. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that it is possible to predict anaerobic threshold from the OMNI-walk/run scale curve through a single incremental test on the treadmill. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and objectivity of the OMNI-walk/run scale for anaerobic threshold determination.
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