1
|
Arian CM, Imaoka T, Yang J, Kelly EJ, Thummel KE. Gutsy science: In vitro systems of the human intestine to model oral drug disposition. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 230:107962. [PMID: 34478775 PMCID: PMC8821120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The intestine has important gate-keeping functions that can profoundly affect the systemic blood exposure of orally administered drugs. Thus, characterizing a new molecular entity's (NME) disposition within the intestine is of utmost importance in drug development. While currently used in vitro systems, such as Ussing chamber, precision-cut intestinal slices, immortalized cell lines, and primary enterocytes provide substantial knowledge about drug absorption and the intestinal first-pass effect, they remain sub-optimal for quantitatively predicting this process and the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Use of novel in vitro systems such as intestinal organoids and intestinal microphysiological systems have provided substantial advances over the past decade, expanding our understanding of intestinal physiology, pathology, and development. However, application of these emerging in vitro systems in the pharmaceutical science is in its infancy. Preliminary work has demonstrated that these systems more accurately recapitulate the physiology and biochemistry of the intact intestine, as it relates to oral drug disposition, and thus they hold considerable promise as preclinical testing platforms of the future. Here we review currently used and emerging in vitro models of the human intestine employed in pharmaceutical science research. We also highlight aspects of these emerging tools that require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Arian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tomoki Imaoka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jade Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Vermillion Maier ML, Siddens LK, Pennington JM, Uesugi SL, Anderson KA, Tidwell LG, Tilton SC, Ognibene TJ, Turteltaub KW, Smith JN, Williams DE. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) metabolites predominant in human plasma following escalating oral micro-dosing with [ 14C]-BaP. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 159:107045. [PMID: 34920278 PMCID: PMC8791557 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is formed by incomplete combustion of organic materials (petroleum, coal, tobacco, etc.). BaP is designated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 1 known human carcinogen; a classification supported by numerous studies in preclinical models and epidemiology studies of exposed populations. Risk assessment relies on toxicokinetic and cancer studies in rodents at doses 5-6 orders of magnitude greater than average human uptake. Using a dose-response design at environmentally relevant concentrations, this study follows uptake, metabolism, and elimination of [14C]-BaP in human plasma by employing UPLC - accelerator mass spectrometry (UPLC-AMS). Volunteers were administered 25, 50, 100, and 250 ng (2.7-27 nCi) of [14C]-BaP (with interceding minimum 3-week washout periods) with quantification of parent [14C]-BaP and metabolites in plasma measured over 48 h. [14C]-BaP median Tmax was 30 min with Cmax and area under the curve (AUC) approximating dose-dependency. Marked inter-individual variability in plasma pharmacokinetics following a 250 ng dose was seen with 7 volunteers as measured by the Cmax (8.99 ± 7.08 ng × mL-1) and AUC0-48hr (68.6 ± 64.0 fg × hr-1 × mL-1). Approximately 3-6% of the [14C] recovered (AUC0-48 hr) was parent compound, demonstrating extensive metabolism following oral dosing. Metabolite profiles showed that, even at the earliest time-point (30 min), a substantial percentage of [14C] in plasma was polar BaP metabolites. The best fit modeling approach identified non-compartmental apparent volume of distribution of BaP as significantly increasing as a function of dose (p = 0.004). Bay region tetrols and dihydrodiols predominated, suggesting not only was there extensive first pass metabolism but also potentially bioactivation. AMS enables the study of environmental carcinogens in humans with de minimus risk, allowing for important testing and validation of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models derived from animal data, risk assessment, and the interpretation of data from high-risk occupationally exposed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Vermillion Maier
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lisbeth K Siddens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Jamie M Pennington
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Sandra L Uesugi
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Lane G Tidwell
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Susan C Tilton
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Kenneth W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.
| | - Jordan N Smith
- NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Chemical Biology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - David E Williams
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; NIEHS Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Youhanna S, Kemas AM, Preiss L, Zhou Y, Shen JX, Cakal SD, Paqualini FS, Goparaju SK, Shafagh RZ, Lind JU, Sellgren CM, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Human Tissue Models for Drug Discovery and Development-Current State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:141-206. [PMID: 35017176 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of successful drug development projects has been stagnant for decades despite major breakthroughs in chemistry, molecular biology, and genetics. Unreliable target identification and poor translatability of preclinical models have been identified as major causes of failure. To improve predictions of clinical efficacy and safety, interest has shifted to three-dimensional culture methods in which human cells can retain many physiologically and functionally relevant phenotypes for extended periods of time. Here, we review the state of the art of available organotypic culture techniques and critically review emerging models of human tissues with key importance for pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicity. In addition, developments in bioprinting and microfluidic multiorgan cultures to emulate systemic drug disposition are summarized. We close by highlighting important trends regarding the fabrication of organotypic culture platforms and the choice of platform material to limit drug absorption and polymer leaching while supporting the phenotypic maintenance of cultured cells and allowing for scalable device fabrication. We conclude that organotypic and microphysiological human tissue models constitute promising systems to promote drug discovery and development by facilitating drug target identification and improving the preclinical evaluation of drug toxicity and pharmacokinetics. There is, however, a critical need for further validation, benchmarking, and consolidation efforts ideally conducted in intersectoral multicenter settings to accelerate acceptance of these novel models as reliable tools for translational pharmacology and toxicology. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Organotypic and microphysiological culture of human cells has emerged as a promising tool for preclinical drug discovery and development that might be able to narrow the translation gap. This review discusses recent technological and methodological advancements and the use of these systems for hit discovery and the evaluation of toxicity, clearance, and absorption of lead compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Aurino M Kemas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Lena Preiss
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Yitian Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Joanne X Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Selgin D Cakal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Francesco S Paqualini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Sravan K Goparaju
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Johan Ulrik Lind
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Carl M Sellgren
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (S.Y., A.M.K., L.P., Y.Z., J.X.S., S.K.G., R.Z.S., C.M.S., V.M.L.); Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK), Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany (L.P.); Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark (S.D.C., J.U.L.); Synthetic Physiology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy (F.S.P.); Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden (Z.S.); and Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany (V.M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kurogi K, Rasool MI, Alherz FA, El Daibani AA, Bairam AF, Abunnaja MS, Yasuda S, Wilson LJ, Hui Y, Liu MC. SULT genetic polymorphisms: physiological, pharmacological and clinical implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:767-784. [PMID: 34107842 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1940952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs)-mediated sulfation is critically involved in the metabolism of key endogenous compounds, such as catecholamines and thyroid/steroid hormones, as well as a variety of drugs and other xenobiotics. Studies performed in the past three decades have yielded a good understanding about the enzymology of the SULTs and their structural biology, phylogenetic relationships, tissue/organ-specific/developmental expression, as well as the regulation of the SULT gene expression. An emerging area is related to the functional impact of the SULT genetic polymorphisms. AREAS COVERED The current review aims to summarize our current knowledge about the above-mentioned aspects of the SULT research. An emphasis is on the information concerning the effects of the polymorphisms of the SULT genes on the functional activity of the SULT allozymes and the associated physiological, pharmacological, and clinical implications. EXPERT OPINION Elucidation of how SULT SNPs may influence the drug-sulfating activity of SULT allozymes will help understand the differential drug metabolism and eventually aid in formulating personalized drug regimens. Moreover, the information concerning the differential sulfating activities of SULT allozymes toward endogenous compounds may allow for the development of strategies for mitigating anomalies in the metabolism of these endogenous compounds in individuals with certain SULT genotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Mohammed I Rasool
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq
| | - Fatemah A Alherz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A El Daibani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Ahsan F Bairam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Maryam S Abunnaja
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Shin Yasuda
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA.,Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-8652, Japan
| | - Lauren J Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| | - Ying Hui
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614 USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crudo F, Barilli A, Mena P, Rotoli BM, Rio DD, Dall'Asta C, Dellafiora L. An in vitro study on the transport and phase II metabolism of the mycotoxin alternariol in combination with the structurally related gut microbial metabolite urolithin C. Toxicol Lett 2021; 340:15-22. [PMID: 33421552 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Alternariol is a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria spp. relevant to the food safety area due to its abundance in certain foods. The shortage of data on its toxicology, also as a part of chemical mixtures, prevents setting regulation to limit its abundance in food. To extend knowledge on the possible mechanisms underpinning alternariol toxicology in chemical mixtures, this work assessed the effects of urolithin C, a structurally related gut ellagitannin-derived metabolite, on its absorption and phase II metabolism in a monolayer of Caco-2 cells. A computational study was also used to provide a mechanistic explanation for the results obtained. Urolithin C influenced transport and phase II metabolism of alternariol with a late reduction of transport to the basolateral compartment. Moreover, it caused an early effect in terms of accumulation of alternariol glucuronides in the basolateral compartment, followed by a late reduction of glucuronides in both compartments. Concerning alternariol sulfates, the data collected pointed to a possible competition of urolithin C for the sulfotransferases resulting in a reduced production of alternariol sulfates. Our results provide a compelling line-of-evidence pointing to the need to systematically tackle the evaluation of mycotoxin toxicity in the context of chemical mixture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Crudo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Amelia Barilli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Rotoli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DiMeC), University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Dall'Asta
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Luca Dellafiora
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Area Parco Delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Youhanna S, Lauschke VM. The Past, Present and Future of Intestinal In Vitro Cell Systems for Drug Absorption Studies. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:50-65. [PMID: 32628951 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium acts as a selective barrier for the absorption of water, nutrients and orally administered drugs. To evaluate the gastrointestinal permeability of a candidate molecule, scientists and drug developers have a multitude of cell culture models at their disposal. Static transwell cultures constitute the most extensively characterized intestinal in vitro system and can accurately categorize molecules into low, intermediate and high permeability compounds. However, they lack key aspects of intestinal physiology, including the cellular complexity of the intestinal epithelium, flow, mechanical strain, or interactions with intestinal mucus and microbes. To emulate these features, a variety of different culture paradigms, including microfluidic chips, organoids and intestinal slice cultures have been developed. Here, we provide an updated overview of intestinal in vitro cell culture systems and critically review their suitability for drug absorption studies. The available data show that these advanced culture models offer impressive possibilities for emulating intestinal complexity. However, there is a paucity of systematic absorption studies and benchmarking data and it remains unclear whether the increase in model complexity and costs translates into improved drug permeability predictions. In the absence of such data, conventional static transwell cultures remain the current gold-standard paradigm for drug absorption studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan F, Yang L, Li R, Zou X, Li N, Meng X, Zhang Y, Wang X. Salidroside as a potential neuroprotective agent for ischemic stroke: a review of sources, pharmacokinetics, mechanism and safety. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110458. [PMID: 32603893 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Salidroside (Sal) is a bioactive extract principally from traditional herbal medicine such as Rhodiola rosea L., which has been commonly used for hundreds of years in Asia countries. The excellent neuroprotective capacity of Sal has been illuminated in recent studies. This work focused on the source, pharmacokinetics, safety and anti-ischemic stroke (IS) effect of Sal, especially emphasizing its mechanism of action and BBB permeability. Extensive databases, including Pubmed, Web of science (WOS), Google Scholar and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were applied to obtain relevant online literatures. Sal exerts powerful therapeutic effects on IS in experimental models either in vitro or in vivo due to its neuroprotection, with significantly diminishing infarct size, preventing cerebral edema and improving neurological function. Also, the findings suggest the underlying mechanisms involve anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis by regulating multiple signaling pathways and key molecules, such as NF-κB, TNF-α and PI3K/Akt pathway. In pharmacokinetics, although showing a rapid absorption and elimination, bioavailability of Sal is elevated under some non-physiological conditions. The component and its metabolite (tyrosol) are capable of distributing to brain tissue and the later keeps a higher level of concentration. Moreover, Sal scarcely has obvious toxicity or side effects in a variety of animal experiments and clinical trials, but combination of drugs and perinatal use of medicine should be taken more attentions. Finally, as an active ingredient, not only is Sal isolated from diverse plants with limited yield, but also large batches of the products can be harvested by biological and chemical synthesis. With higher efficacy and better safety profiles, Sal could sever as a promising neuroprotectant for preventing and treating IS. Nevertheless, further investigations are still required to explore the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of Sal in the treatment of IS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xuemei Zou
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ning Li
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dubaisi S, Fang H, Caruso JA, Gaedigk R, Vyhlidal CA, Kocarek TA, Runge-Morris M. Developmental Expression of SULT1C4 Transcript Variants in Human Liver: Implications for Discordance Between SULT1C4 mRNA and Protein Levels. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:515-520. [PMID: 32303576 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.090829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) metabolize a variety of xenobiotic and endogenous substrates. Several SULTs are expressed in the fetus, implying that these enzymes have important functions during human development. We recently reported that while SULT1C4 mRNA is abundant in prenatal human liver specimens, SULT1C4 protein is barely detectable. Two coding transcript variants (TVs) of SULT1C4 are indexed in GenBank, TV1 (full-length) and TV2 (lacking exons 3 and 4). The purpose of this study was to evaluate expression of the individual TVs as a clue for understanding the discordance between mRNA and protein levels. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was initially performed to identify TVs expressed in intestinal and hepatic cell lines. This analysis generated fragments corresponding to TV1, TV2, and a third variant that lacked exon 3 (E3DEL). Using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays designed to quantify TV1, TV2, or E3DEL individually, all three TVs were more highly expressed in prenatal than postnatal specimens. TV2 levels were ∼fivefold greater than TV1, while E3DEL levels were minimal. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of another set of liver specimens confirmed that TV1 and TV2 levels were highest in prenatal liver, with TV2 higher than TV1. RNA-seq also detected a noncoding RNA, which was also more abundant in prenatal liver. Transfection of HEK293T cells with plasmids expressing individual Asp-Tyr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Lys-tagged SULT1C4 isoforms demonstrated that TV1 produced much more protein than did TV2. These data suggest that the lack of correspondence between SULT1C4 mRNA and protein levels in human liver is likely attributable to the inability of the more abundant TV2 to produce stable protein. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) metabolize a variety of xenobiotic and endogenous substrates, and several SULTs are highly expressed in the fetus, implying that they have important functions during human development. SULT1C4 is highly expressed in prenatal liver at the mRNA level but not the protein level. This study provides an explanation for this discordance by demonstrating that the predominant SULT1C4 transcript is a variant that produces relatively little protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dubaisi
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., J.A.C., T.A.K., M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.G., C.A.V.)
| | - Hailin Fang
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., J.A.C., T.A.K., M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.G., C.A.V.)
| | - Joseph A Caruso
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., J.A.C., T.A.K., M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.G., C.A.V.)
| | - Roger Gaedigk
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., J.A.C., T.A.K., M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.G., C.A.V.)
| | - Carrie A Vyhlidal
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., J.A.C., T.A.K., M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.G., C.A.V.)
| | - Thomas A Kocarek
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., J.A.C., T.A.K., M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.G., C.A.V.)
| | - Melissa Runge-Morris
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., J.A.C., T.A.K., M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan; and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (R.G., C.A.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Domínguez Moré GP, Feltrin C, Brambila PF, Cardona MI, Echeverry SM, Simões CMO, Aragón DM. Matrix effects of the hydroethanolic extract and the butanol fraction of calyces from Physalis peruviana L. on the biopharmaceutics classification of rutin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 72:738-747. [PMID: 32162346 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) categorizes active pharmaceutical ingredients according to their solubility and permeability properties, which are susceptible to matrix or formulation effects. The aim of this research was to evaluate the matrix effects of a hydroethanolic extract of calyces from Physalis peruviana L. (HEE) and its butanol fraction (BF), on the biopharmaceutics classification of their major compound, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (rutin, RU). METHODS Rutin was quantified by HPLC-UV, and Caco-2 cell monolayer transport studies were performed to obtain the apparent permeability values (Papp ). Aqueous solubility was determined at pH 6.8 and 7.4. KEY FINDINGS The Papp values followed this order: BF > HEE > RU (1.77 ± 0.02 > 1.53 ± 0.07 > 0.90 ± 0.03 × 10-5 cm/s). The lowest solubility values followed this order: HEE > RU > BF (2.988 ± 0.07 > 0.205 ± 0.002 > 0.189 ± 0.005 mg/ml). CONCLUSIONS According to these results, rutin could be classified as BCS classes III (high solubility/low permeability) and IV (low solubility/low permeability), depending on the plant matrix. Further work needs to be done in order to establish how apply the BCS for research and development of new botanical drugs or for bioequivalence purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Paola Domínguez Moré
- Programa de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Centro de Servicios Farmacéuticos y Monitoreo de Fármacos, Universidad del Atlántico, Atlántico, Colombia.,Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Clarissa Feltrin
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paula Freire Brambila
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - María Isabel Cardona
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Sandra Milena Echeverry
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Diana Marcela Aragón
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Shen JX, Youhanna S, Zandi Shafagh R, Kele J, Lauschke VM. Organotypic and Microphysiological Models of Liver, Gut, and Kidney for Studies of Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 33:38-60. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne X. Shen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sonia Youhanna
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Reza Zandi Shafagh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Julianna Kele
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M. Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wohak LE, Monien B, Phillips DH, Arlt VM. Impact of p53 function on the sulfotransferase-mediated bioactivation of the alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 1-hydroxymethylpyrene in vitro. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:752-758. [PMID: 31102418 DOI: 10.1002/em.22299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53, encoded by TP53, is known as the "guardian of the genome." Sulfotransferases (SULTs) are involved in the metabolism of alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as 1-hydroxymethylpyrene (1-HMP), which is a known substrate for SULT1A1. To investigate the impact of TP53 on the metabolic activation of 1-HMP, a panel of isogenic human colorectal HCT116 cells having TP53(+/+), TP53(+/-), or TP53(-/-) were treated with 10 μM 1-HMP for 24 hr. 1-HMP-DNA adduct formation was determined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, which quantified two nucleoside adducts N2 -(1-methylpyrenyl)-2'-deoxyguanosine and N6 -(1-methylpyrenyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine. 1-HMP treatment resulted in significantly (~40-fold) higher DNA adduct levels in TP53(+/+) cells than in the other cell lines. Higher levels of 1-HMP-induced DNA adducts in TP53(+/+) cells correlated with higher basal expression of SULT1A1/3 in this cell line, but 1-HMP treatment showed no effect on the expression of this protein. These results indicate that the cellular TP53 status is linked to the SULT1A1/3-mediated bioactivation of 1-HMP, thereby broadening the spectrum of p53's targets. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 60:752-758, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Wohak
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Bernhard Monien
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards at King's College London in partnership with Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Quantitative in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (QIVIVE) of estrogenic and anti-androgenic potencies of BPA and BADGE analogues. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1941-1953. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Li Y, Song W, Ou X, Luo G, Xie Y, Sun R, Wang Y, Qi X, Hu M, Liu Z, Zhu L. Breast Cancer Resistance Protein and Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 Determine the Disposition of Esculetin-7-O-Glucuronide and 4-Methylesculetin-7-O-Glucuronide. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:203-214. [PMID: 30602435 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Esculetin (ET)-7-O-glucuronide (ET-G) and 4-methylesculetin (4-ME)-7-O-glucuronide (4-ME-G) are the main glucuronide of ET and 4-ME, respectively. The disposition mediated by efflux transporters for glucuronide has significant influence on the pharmacokinetic profile and efficacy of bioactive compounds. In the current study, transporter gene knockout mice and Caco-2 cells were used to explore the effects of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) on the disposition of ET-G and 4-ME-G. After oral or i.v. administration of ET and 4-ME, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to the last data point or infinity values of ET, 4-ME, and their glucuronides (ET-G and 4-ME-G) were remarkably and significantly increased in most Bcrp1-/- and Mrp2-/- mice compared with those in wild-type FVB mice (P < 0.05). These results were accompanied with a significant increase of maximum plasma concentration values (P < 0.05). In Caco-2 monolayers, the efflux and clearance rates of ET-G and 4-ME-G were markedly reduced by the BCRP inhibitor Ko143 and MRP2 inhibitor MK571 on the apical side (P < 0.05). In an intestinal perfusion study, the excretion of ET-G was significantly decreased in perfusate and increased in plasma in Bcrp1-/- mice compared with those in wild-type FVB mice (P < 0.05). The 4-ME-G concentration was also decreased in the bile in transporter gene knockout mice. ET and 4-ME showed good permeability in both Caco-2 monolayers [apparent permeability (Papp ) ≥ 0.59 × 10-5 cm/s] and duodenum (Papp ≥ 1.81). In conclusion, BCRP and MRP2 are involved in excreting ET-G and 4-ME-G. ET and 4-ME are most likely absorbed via passive diffusion in the intestines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Wenjie Song
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Xiaojun Ou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Guangkuo Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Yushan Xie
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Rongjin Sun
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Ying Wang
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Qi
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Ming Hu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| | - Lijun Zhu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (Y.L., W.S., X.O., G.L., Y.X., R.S., Y.W., X.Q., M.H., Z.L., L.Z.); State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (Special Administration Region), People's Republic of China (Z.L.); and Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas (M.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
El Daibani AA, Xi Y, Luo L, Mei X, Zhou C, Yasuda S, Liu MC. Sulfation of hesperetin, naringenin and apigenin by the human cytosolic sulfotransferases: a comprehensive analysis. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:797-803. [PMID: 30398375 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1503264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed sulfation as a major pathway for the metabolism of hesperetin, naringenin and apigenin. The current study was designed to identify the human cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) enzyme(s) capable of sulfating these flavonoid compounds. Of the thirteen human SULTs, six (1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1B2, 1C4, 1E1) displayed significant sulfating activity toward hesperetin, five (1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1B2, 1C4) displayed sulfating activity towards naringenin, and four (1A1, 1A2, 1A3, 1C4) showed sulfating activity towards apigenin. Of the four human organ specimens tested, liver and intestine cytosols displayed much higher hesperetin-, naringenin- and apigenin-sulfating activity than lung and kidney cytosols. Moreover, sulfation of hesperetin, naringenin and apigenin was shown to take place in HepG2 human hepatoma cells and Caco-2 human colon adenocarcinoma cells under cultured conditions. Taken together, these results provided a biochemical basis underlying the metabolism of hesperetin, naringenin and apigenin through sulfation in humans.[Formula: see text].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amal A El Daibani
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Yuecheng Xi
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Lijun Luo
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA.,School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Mei
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunyang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Shin Yasuda
- Graduate School of Bioscience, Tokai University, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wohak LE, Baranski AC, Krais AM, Schmeiser HH, Phillips DH, Arlt VM. The impact of p53 function on the metabolic activation of the carcinogenic air pollutant 3-nitrobenzanthrone and its metabolites 3-aminobenzanthrone and N-hydroxy-3-aminobenzanthrone in human cells. Mutagenesis 2018; 33:311-321. [PMID: 30215795 PMCID: PMC6180618 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gey025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53, encoded by TP53, is a key player in a wide network of signalling pathways. We investigated its role in the bioactivation of the environmental carcinogen 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA)found in diesel exhaust and its metabolites 3-aminobenzanthrone (3-ABA) and N-hydroxy-3-aminobenzanthrone (N-OH-3-ABA) in a panel of isogenic human colorectal HCT116 cells differing only with respect to their TP53 status [i.e. TP53(+/+), TP53(+/-), TP53(-/-), TP53(R248W/+) or TP53(R248W/-)]. As a measure of metabolic competence, DNA adduct formation was determined using 32P-postlabelling. Wild-type (WT) p53 did not affect the bioactivation of 3-NBA; no difference in DNA adduct formation was observed in TP53(+/+), TP53(+/-) and TP53(-/-) cells. Bioactivation of both metabolites 3-ABA and N-OH-3-ABA on the other hand was WT-TP53 dependent. Lower 3-ABA- and N-OH-3-ABA-DNA adduct levels were found in TP53(+/-) and TP53(-/-) cells compared to TP53(+/+) cells, and p53's impact was attributed to differences in cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 expression for 3-ABA whereas for N-OH-3-ABA, an impact of this tumour suppressor on sulphotransferase (SULT) 1A1/3 expression was detected. Mutant R248W-p53 protein function was similar to or exceeded the ability of WT-p53 in activating 3-NBA and its metabolites, measured as DNA adducts. However, identification of the xenobiotic-metabolising enzyme(s) (XMEs), through which mutant-p53 regulates these responses, proved difficult to decipher. For example, although both mutant cell lines exhibited higher CYP1A1 induction after 3-NBA treatment compared to TP53(+/+) cells, 3-NBA-derived DNA adduct levels were only higher in TP53(R248W/-) cells but not in TP53(R248W/+) cells. Our results show that p53's influence on carcinogen activation depends on the agent studied and thereby on the XMEs that mediate the bioactivation of that particular compound. The phenomenon of p53 regulating CYP1A1 expression in human cells is consistent with other recent findings; however, this is the first study highlighting the impact of p53 on sulphotransferase-mediated (i.e. SULT1A1) carcinogen metabolism in human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Wohak
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Ann-Christin Baranski
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Annette M Krais
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Heinz H Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David H Phillips
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King’s College London, Public Health England and Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Volker M Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, UK
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King’s College London, Public Health England and Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tocchetti GN, Domínguez CJ, Zecchinati F, Arana MR, Ruiz ML, Villanueva SSM, Mottino AD, Weiss J, Rigalli JP. Inhibition of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) activity by the contraceptive nomegestrol acetate in HepG2 and Caco-2 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 122:205-213. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
17
|
Liu T, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hou J, Fang D, Sun H, Li Q, Xie S. Sulfation disposition of liquiritigenin in SULT1A3 overexpressing HEK293 cells: The role of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4) in sulfate efflux of liquiritigenin. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 124:228-239. [PMID: 30176366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the cellular disposition of liquiritigenin via the sulfonation pathway and the role of efflux transporters in liquiritigenin sulfate excretion. The sulfonation disposition of liquiritigenin was investigated using SULT1A3 overexpressed HEK293 cells (HEK-SULT1A3 cells). Liquiritigenin generated one mono-sulfate metabolite (7-O-sulfate) in HEK-SULT1A3 cell lysate. And the sulfonation followed the Michaelis-Menten kinetic (Vmax = 0.84 nmol/min/mg and Km = 7.12 μM). Expectedly, recombinant SULT1A3 (hSULT1A3) showed a highly similar kinetic profile with cell lysate. Furthermore, 7-O-sulfate was rapidly generated and excreted in HEK-SULT1A3 cells. Ko143 (a BCRP-selective inhibitor) at 20 μM significantly decreased the excretion rate of liquiritigenin sulfate (>42.5%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the pan-MRPs inhibitor MK-571 at 20 μM essentially abolished the liquiritigenin sulfate effluxion, resulting in the marked reduction of excretion rate (>97.4%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, knockdown of BCRP led to moderate reduction in sulfate excretion (15.9%-16.9%, p < 0.05). Silencing of MRP4 caused significant decreased in sulfate excretion (20.2%-32.5%, p < 0.01). In conclusion, one sulfate metabolite was generated from liquiritigenin in HEK-SULT1A3 cells. BCRP and MRP4 should be the key factors for the cellular excretion of liquiritigenin sulfate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Jiuzhou Hou
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Hua Sun
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Institute for Innovative Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Songqiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, Henan University, N. Jinming Ave., Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hessel-Pras S, Ehlers A, Braeuning A, Lampen A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and retinoid receptors cross-talk at the CYP1A1 promoter in vitro. EXCLI JOURNAL 2018; 17:246-256. [PMID: 29743862 PMCID: PMC5938535 DOI: 10.17179/excli2018-1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The epithelium of the small intestine plays an important role in detoxification processes due to the presence of various xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes from phase I and II, as well as transport proteins of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily. Exposure to xenobiotics induces the expression of these proteins in the small intestine, with multiple signaling pathways stimulated by exogenous compounds converging at individual gene promoters by mechanisms which have not been fully understood yet. In this context the promoter region of the CYP1A1 gene, encoding the phase I monooxygenase cytochrome P450 1A1, was analyzed by chromatin immunoprecipitation with regard to binding of xeno-sensing receptors following stimulation of Caco-2 cells with agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and retinoid receptors. Histone acetylation in the regulatory region of CYP1A1 was enhanced by treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) or all-trans retinoic acid (at-RA). Binding of retinoid-X-receptor (RXR) α to the promoter region was detected in response to at-RA, while AHR bound to the gene promoter following its activation by TCDD. Of note, enhanced RXRα binding was also detected after AHR stimulation, and increased AHR binding was observed after retinoid receptor activation by at-RA. Exposure of Caco-2 cells to mixtures of AHR and retinoid receptor agonists yielded synergistic induction of CYP1A1 mRNA. In conclusion, the present data improve our knowledge on retinoic acid-dependent effects on CYP1A1 expression and demonstrate unexpected mixture effects by cross-talk of the different receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hessel-Pras
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Ehlers
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Albert Braeuning
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department Food Safety, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Bacqueville D, Jacques C, Duprat L, Jamin EL, Guiraud B, Perdu E, Bessou-Touya S, Zalko D, Duplan H. Characterization of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes of a reconstructed human epidermal model from adult hair follicles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 329:190-201. [PMID: 28601433 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive characterization of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) based on gene expression and enzyme functionality was made in a reconstructed skin epidermal model derived from the outer root sheath (ORS) of hair follicles (ORS-RHE). The ORS-RHE model XME gene profile was consistent with native human skin. Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) consistently reported to be detected in native human skin were also present at the gene level in the ORS-RHE model. The highest Phase I XME gene expression levels were observed for alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenases and (carboxyl) esterases. The model was responsive to the CYP inducers, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and β-naphthoflavone (βNF) after topical and systemic applications, evident at the gene and enzyme activity level. Phase II XME levels were generally higher than those of Phase I XMEs, the highest levels were GSTs and transferases, including NAT1. The presence of functional CYPs, UGTs and SULTs was confirmed by incubating the models with 7-ethoxycoumarin, testosterone, benzo(a)pyrene and 3-MC, all of which were rapidly metabolized within 24h after topical application. The extent of metabolism was dependent on saturable and non-saturable metabolism by the XMEs and on the residence time within the model. In conclusion, the ORS-RHE model expresses a number of Phase I and II XMEs, some of which may be induced by AhR ligands. Functional XME activities were also demonstrated using systemic or topical application routes, supporting their use in cutaneous metabolism studies. Such a reproducible model will be of interest when evaluating the cutaneous metabolism and potential toxicity of innovative dermo-cosmetic ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bacqueville
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Service Pharmacologie Division 2 et Pharmacocinétique Cutané, Département Pharmacologie, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France.
| | - Carine Jacques
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Service Pharmacologie Division 2 et Pharmacocinétique Cutané, Département Pharmacologie, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Duprat
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Service Pharmacologie Division 2 et Pharmacocinétique Cutané, Département Pharmacologie, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilien L Jamin
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Beatrice Guiraud
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Service Pharmacologie Division 2 et Pharmacocinétique Cutané, Département Pharmacologie, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| | - Elisabeth Perdu
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Bessou-Touya
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Service Pharmacologie Division 2 et Pharmacocinétique Cutané, Département Pharmacologie, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Pierre Fabre Dermo-cosmétique, Service Pharmacologie Division 2 et Pharmacocinétique Cutané, Département Pharmacologie, Centre R&D Pierre Fabre, 3 avenue Hubert Curien, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alherz FA, Almarghalani DA, Hussein NA, Kurogi K, Liu MC. A reappraisal of the 6-O-desmethylnaproxen-sulfating activity of the human cytosolic sulfotransferases. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:647-651. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to obtain a comprehensive account of the human cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) that are capable of sulfating 6-O-desmethylnaproxen (O-DMN), a major metabolite of naproxen. Of the 13 known human SULTs tested, 7 (SULT1A1, SULT1A2, SULT1A3, SULT1B1, SULT1C2, SULT1C4, and SULT1E1) displayed O-DMN-sulfating activity, when analyzed using an elevated substrate concentration (500 μmol·L−1) together with 14 μmol·L−1 of the sulfate donor, 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS). At 10 μmol·L−1 O-DMN concentration, however, only SULT1A1 and SULT1A3 displayed detectable activity, with the former being nearly 2 orders of magnitude more active than the latter. A pH-dependence study indicated that SULT1A1 exhibited a broad pH optimum spanning pH 5.5–7. Kinetic parameters of the sulfation of O-DMN by SULT1A1 were determined. The production and release of sulfated O-DMN was demonstrated using cultured human HepG2 hepatoma cells and Caco-2 colon carcinoma cells. Moreover, assays using human organ specimens revealed that the O-DMN-sulfating activities present in the cytosols of liver and small intestine (at 502.5 and 497.2 pmol·min−1·(mg protein)−1, respectively) were much higher than those detected for the cytosols of lung and kidney. Taken together, these results provided relevant information concerning the sulfation of O-DMN both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemah A. Alherz
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Daniyah A. Almarghalani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Noor A. Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bairam AF, Rasool MI, Kurogi K, Liu MC. On the Molecular Basis Underlying the Metabolism of Tapentadol Through Sulfation. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 42:793-800. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-016-0392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
23
|
Mimmler M, Peter S, Kraus A, Stroh S, Nikolova T, Seiwert N, Hasselwander S, Neitzel C, Haub J, Monien BH, Nicken P, Steinberg P, Shay JW, Kaina B, Fahrer J. DNA damage response curtails detrimental replication stress and chromosomal instability induced by the dietary carcinogen PhIP. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10259-10276. [PMID: 27599846 PMCID: PMC5137439 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PhIP is an abundant heterocyclic aromatic amine (HCA) and important dietary carcinogen. Following metabolic activation, PhIP causes bulky DNA lesions at the C8-position of guanine. Although C8-PhIP-dG adducts are mutagenic, their interference with the DNA replication machinery and the elicited DNA damage response (DDR) have not yet been studied. Here, we analyzed PhIP-triggered replicative stress and elucidated the role of the apical DDR kinases ATR, ATM and DNA-PKcs in the cellular defense response. First, we demonstrate that PhIP induced C8-PhIP-dG adducts and DNA strand breaks. This stimulated ATR-CHK1 signaling, phosphorylation of histone 2AX and the formation of RPA foci. In proliferating cells, PhIP treatment increased the frequency of stalled replication forks and reduced fork speed. Inhibition of ATR in the presence of PhIP-induced DNA damage strongly promoted the formation of DNA double-strand breaks, activation of the ATM-CHK2 pathway and hyperphosphorylation of RPA. The abrogation of ATR signaling potentiated the cell death response and enhanced chromosomal aberrations after PhIP treatment, while ATM and DNA-PK inhibition had only marginal effects. These results strongly support the notion that ATR plays a key role in the defense against cancer formation induced by PhIP and related HCAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Peter
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Kraus
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Svenja Stroh
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Teodora Nikolova
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nina Seiwert
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Carina Neitzel
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jessica Haub
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Germany
| | - Petra Nicken
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pablo Steinberg
- Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bernd Kaina
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Fahrer
- Department of Toxicology, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Madeen EP, Ognibene TJ, Corley RA, McQuistan TJ, Henderson MC, Baird WM, Bench G, Turteltaub KW, Williams DE. Human Microdosing with Carcinogenic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: In Vivo Pharmacokinetics of Dibenzo[def,p]chrysene and Metabolites by UPLC Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1641-1650. [PMID: 27494294 PMCID: PMC5380438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is a key health risk factor following exposures to pro-carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as dibenzo[def,p]chrysene (DBC), an IARC classified 2A probable human carcinogen. Human exposure to PAHs occurs primarily from the diet in nonsmokers. However, little data is available on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics in humans of high molecular weight PAHs (≥4 aromatic rings), including DBC. We previously determined the pharmacokinetics of DBC in human volunteers orally administered a microdose (29 ng; 5 nCi) of [14C]-DBC by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis of total [14C] in plasma and urine. In the current study, we utilized a novel "moving wire" interface between ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and AMS to detect and quantify parent DBC and its major metabolites. The major [14C] product identified in plasma was unmetabolized [14C]-DBC itself (Cmax = 18.5 ±15.9 fg/mL, Tmax= 2.1 ± 1.0 h), whereas the major metabolite was identified as [14C]-(+/-)-DBC-11,12-diol (Cmax= 2.5 ±1.3 fg/mL, Tmax= 1.8 h). Several minor species of [14C]-DBC metabolites were also detected for which no reference standards were available. Free and conjugated metabolites were detected in urine with [14C]-(+/-)-DBC-11,12,13,14-tetraol isomers identified as the major metabolites, 56.3% of which were conjugated (Cmax= 35.8 ± 23.0 pg/pool, Tmax = 6-12 h pool). [14C]-DBC-11,12-diol, of which 97.5% was conjugated, was also identified in urine (Cmax = 29.4 ± 11.6 pg/pool, Tmax = 6-12 h pool). Parent [14C]-DBC was not detected in urine. This is the first data set to assess metabolite profiles and associated pharmacokinetics of a carcinogenic PAH in human volunteers at an environmentally relevant dose, providing the data necessary for translation of high dose animal models to humans for translation of environmental health risk assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin P Madeen
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Ted J Ognibene
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Richard A Corley
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Systems Toxicology and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Tammie J McQuistan
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Marilyn C Henderson
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - William M Baird
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Graham Bench
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ken W Turteltaub
- Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
- Biology and Biotechnology Research Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - David E Williams
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
- Superfund Research Program, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lněničková K, Procházková E, Skálová L, Matoušková P, Bártíková H, Souček P, Szotáková B. Catechins Variously Affect Activities of Conjugation Enzymes in Proliferating and Differentiated Caco-2 Cells. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091186. [PMID: 27617982 PMCID: PMC6272958 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of processes in intestinal cells is essential, as most xenobiotics come into contact with the small intestine first. Caco-2 cells are human colorectal adenocarcinoma that once differentiated, exhibit enterocyte-like characteristics. Our study compares activities and expressions of important conjugation enzymes and their modulation by green tea extract (GTE) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) using both proliferating (P) and differentiated (D) caco-2 cells. The mRNA levels of the main conjugation enzymes were significantly elevated after the differentiation of Caco-2 cells. However, no increase in conjugation enzymes’ activities in differentiated cells was detected in comparison to proliferating ones. GTE/EGCG treatment did not affect the mRNA levels of any of the conjugation enzymes tested in either type of cells. Concerning conjugation enzymes activities, GTE/EGCG treatment elevated glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity by approx. 30% and inhibited catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity by approx. 20% in differentiated cells. On the other hand, GTE as well as EGCG treatment did not significantly affect the activities of conjugation enzymes in proliferating cells. Administration of GTE/EGCG mediated only mild changes of GST and COMT activities in enterocyte-like cells, indicating a low risk of GTE/EGCG interactions with concomitantly administered drugs. However, a considerable chemo-protective effect of GTE via the pronounced induction of detoxifying enzymes cannot be expected as well.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Lněničková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Eliška Procházková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Hana Bártíková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Souček
- Toxicogenomics Unit, Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, National Institute of Public Health, Prague CZ-10042, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbora Szotáková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové CZ-50005, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dubaisi S, Fang H, Kocarek TA, Runge-Morris M. Transcriptional Regulation of Human Cytosolic Sulfotransferase 1C3 by Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in LS180 Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:562-569. [PMID: 27565680 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferase 1C3 (SULT1C3) is the least characterized of the three human SULT1C subfamily members. Originally identified as an orphan SULT by computational analysis of the human genome, we recently reported that SULT1C3 is expressed in human intestine and LS180 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and is upregulated by agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and γ To determine the mechanism responsible for PPAR-mediated upregulation, we prepared reporter plasmids containing fragments of the SULT1C3 5'-flanking region. During initial attempts to amplify a 2.8-kb fragment from different sources of human genomic DNA, a 1.9-kb fragment was sometimes coamplified with the expected 2.8-kb fragment. Comparison of the 1.9-kb fragment sequence to the published SULT1C3 5'-flanking sequence revealed an 863-nt deletion (nt -146 to -1008 relative to the transcription start site). Transfection analysis in LS180 cells demonstrated that PPARα, δ, and γ agonist treatments induced luciferase expression from a reporter plasmid containing the 2.8-kb but not the 1.9-kb fragment. The PPAR agonists also activated a 1-kb reporter containing the 863-nt deletion region. Computational analysis identified three peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) within the 863-nt region and serial deletions and site-directed mutations indicated that the most distal PPRE (at nt -769) was essential for obtaining PPAR-mediated transcriptional activation. Although agonists of all three PPARs could activate SULT1C3 transcription, RNA interference analysis indicated the predominance of PPARγ These data demonstrate that the PPARγ regulatory network includes SULT1C3 and imply that this enzyme contributes to the control of such PPARγ-regulated intestinal processes as growth, differentiation, and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dubaisi
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., T.A.K, M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hailin Fang
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., T.A.K, M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Thomas A Kocarek
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., T.A.K, M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Melissa Runge-Morris
- Department of Pharmacology (S.D.) and Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (H.F., T.A.K, M.R.-M.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Glatt H, Sabbioni G, Monien BH, Meinl W. Use of genetically manipulated Salmonella typhimurium strains to evaluate the role of human sulfotransferases in the bioactivation of nitro- and aminotoluenes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:299-311. [PMID: 26924705 DOI: 10.1002/em.22005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Various nitro- and aminotoluenes demonstrated carcinogenic activity in rodent studies, but were inactive or weakly active in conventional in vitro mutagenicity assays. Standard in vitro tests do not take into account activation by certain classes of enzymes. This is true in particular for sulfotransferases (SULTs). These enzymes may convert aromatic hydroxylamines and benzylic alcohols, two major classes of phase-I metabolites of nitro- and aminotoluenes, to reactive esters. Here it is shown that expression of certain human SULTs in Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 or TA100 strongly enhanced the mutagenicity of various nitrotoluenes and nitro- and amino-substituted benzyl alcohols. Human SULT1A1, SULT1A2, and SULT1C2 showed the strongest activation. The observation that some nitrotoluenes as well as some aminobenzyl alcohols were activated by SULTs in the absence of cytochromes P450 implies that mutagenic sulfuric esters were formed at both the exocyclic nitrogen and the benzylic carbon, respectively. Nitroreductase deficiency (using strain YG7131 instead of TA1538 for SULT1A1 expression) did not affect the SULT-dependent mutagenicity of 1-hydroxymethylpyrene (containing no nitro group), moderately enhanced that of 2-amino-4-nitrobenzyl alcohol, and drastically attenuated the effects of nitrobenzyl alcohols without other substituents. The last finding suggests that either activation occurred at the hydroxylamino group formed by nitroreductase or the nitro group (having a strong -M effect) had to be reduced to an electron-donating substituent to enhance the reactivity of the benzylic sulfuric esters. The results pointed to an important role of SULTs in the genotoxicity of nitrotoluenes and alkylated anilines. Activation occurs at nitrogen functions as well as benzylic positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Glatt
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Gabriele Sabbioni
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, Casella Postale 108, Airolo, 6780, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard H Monien
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Strasse 8-10, Berlin, 10589, Germany
| | - Walter Meinl
- Department of Nutritional Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luo L, Zhou C, Hui Y, Kurogi K, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Liu MC. Human cytosolic sulfotransferase SULT1C4 mediates the sulfation of doxorubicin and epirubicin. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:163-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
29
|
Flesher JW, Lehner AF. Structure, function and carcinogenicity of metabolites of methylated and non-methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a comprehensive review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:151-79. [PMID: 26894797 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1135223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Unified Theory of PAH Carcinogenicity accommodates the activities of methylated and non-methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and states that substitution of methyl groups on meso-methyl substituted PAHs with hydroxy, acetoxy, chloride, bromide or sulfuric acid ester groups imparts potent cancer producing properties. It incorporates specific predictions from past researchers on the mechanism of carcinogenesis by methyl-substituted hydrocarbons, including (1) requirement for metabolism to an ArCH2X type structure where X is a good leaving group and (2) biological substitution of a meso-methyl group at the most reactive center in non-methylated hydrocarbons. The Theory incorporates strong inferences of Fieser: (1) The mechanism of carcinogenesis involves a specific metabolic substitution of a hydrocarbon at its most reactive center and (2) Metabolic elimination of a carcinogen is a detoxifying process competitive with that of carcinogenesis and occurring by a different mechanism. According to this outlook, chemical or biochemical substitution of a methyl group at the reactive meso-position of non-methylated hydrocarbons is the first step in the mechanism of carcinogenesis for most, if not all, PAHs and the most potent metabolites of PAHs are to be found among the meso methyl-substituted hydrocarbons. Some PAHs and their known or potential metabolites and closely related compounds have been tested in rats for production of sarcomas at the site of subcutaneous injection and the results strongly support the specific predictions of the Unified Theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James W Flesher
- a Experimental Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA and
| | - Andreas F Lehner
- b Section of Toxicology, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lyu C, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Zhang S, Kou F, Wei H, Zhang N, Zuo Z. Gender-Dependent Pharmacokinetics of Veratramine in Rats: In Vivo and In Vitro Evidence. AAPS JOURNAL 2016; 18:432-44. [PMID: 26791530 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-016-9870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Veratramine, a major alkaloid from Veratrum nigrum L., has distinct anti-tumor and anti-hypertension effects. Our previous study indicated that veratramine had severe toxicity toward male rats. In order to elucidate the underling mechanism, in vivo pharmacokinetic experiments and in vitro mechanistic studies have been conducted. Veratramine was administrated to male and female rats intravenously via the jugular vein at a dose of 50 μg/kg or orally via gavage at 20 mg/kg. As a result, significant pharmacokinetic differences were observed between male and female rats after oral administration with much lower concentrations of veratramine and 7-hydroxyl-veratramine and higher concentrations of veratramine-3-O-sulfate found in the plasma and urine of female rats. The absolute bioavailability of veratramine was 0.9% in female rats and 22.5% in male rats. Further experiments of veratramine on Caco-2 cell monolayer model and in vitro incubation with GI content or rat intestinal subcellular fractions demonstrated that its efficient passive diffusion mediated absorption with minimal intestinal metabolism, suggesting no gender-related difference during its absorption process. When veratramine was incubated with male or female rat liver microsomes/cytosols, significant male-predominant formation of 7-hydroxyl-veratramine and female-predominant formation of veratramine-3-O-sulfate were observed. In conclusion, the significant gender-dependent hepatic metabolism of veratramine could be the major contributor to its gender-dependent pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Lyu
- Technology Laboratory Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medicine University, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Kou
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai Wei
- Center for Chinese Medical Therapy and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Technology Laboratory Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang L, Kurogi K, Liu MY, Schnapp AM, Williams FE, Sakakibara Y, Suiko M, Liu MC. Sulfation of benzyl alcohol by the human cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs): a systematic analysis. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 36:1090-4. [PMID: 26663444 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify human cytosolic sulfotransferases (SULTs) that are capable of sulfating benzyl alcohol and to examine whether benzyl alcohol sulfation may occur in cultured human cells as well as in human organ homogenates. A systematic analysis revealed that of the 13 known human SULTs, SULT1A1 SULT1A2, SULTA3, and SULT1B1 are capable of mediating the sulfation of benzyl alcohol. The kinetic parameters of SULT1A1 that showed the strongest benzyl alcohol-sulfating activity were determined. HepG2 human hepatoma cells were used to demonstrate the generation and release of sulfated benzyl alcohol under the metabolic settings. Moreover, the cytosol or S9 fractions of human liver, lung, kidney and small intestine were examined to verify the presence of benzyl alcohol sulfating activity in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingtian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Katsuhisa Kurogi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.,Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ming-Yih Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.,National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Alaina M Schnapp
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Frederick E Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Yoichi Sakakibara
- Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahito Suiko
- Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Ming-Cheh Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Moffat I, Chepelev N, Labib S, Bourdon-Lacombe J, Kuo B, Buick JK, Lemieux F, Williams A, Halappanavar S, Malik A, Luijten M, Aubrecht J, Hyduke DR, Fornace AJ, Swartz CD, Recio L, Yauk CL. Comparison of toxicogenomics and traditional approaches to inform mode of action and points of departure in human health risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene in drinking water. Crit Rev Toxicol 2015; 45:1-43. [PMID: 25605026 DOI: 10.3109/10408444.2014.973934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Toxicogenomics is proposed to be a useful tool in human health risk assessment. However, a systematic comparison of traditional risk assessment approaches with those applying toxicogenomics has never been done. We conducted a case study to evaluate the utility of toxicogenomics in the risk assessment of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), a well-studied carcinogen, for drinking water exposures. Our study was intended to compare methodologies, not to evaluate drinking water safety. We compared traditional (RA1), genomics-informed (RA2) and genomics-only (RA3) approaches. RA2 and RA3 applied toxicogenomics data from human cell cultures and mice exposed to BaP to determine if these data could provide insight into BaP's mode of action (MOA) and derive tissue-specific points of departure (POD). Our global gene expression analysis supported that BaP is genotoxic in mice and allowed the development of a detailed MOA. Toxicogenomics analysis in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells demonstrated a high degree of consistency in perturbed pathways with animal tissues. Quantitatively, the PODs for traditional and transcriptional approaches were similar (liver 1.2 vs. 1.0 mg/kg-bw/day; lungs 0.8 vs. 3.7 mg/kg-bw/day; forestomach 0.5 vs. 7.4 mg/kg-bw/day). RA3, which applied toxicogenomics in the absence of apical toxicology data, demonstrates that this approach provides useful information in data-poor situations. Overall, our study supports the use of toxicogenomics as a relatively fast and cost-effective tool for hazard identification, preliminary evaluation of potential carcinogens, and carcinogenic potency, in addition to identifying current limitations and practical questions for future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Moffat
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolai Chepelev
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Labib
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie Bourdon-Lacombe
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Julie K Buick
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - France Lemieux
- Water and Air Quality Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sabina Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amal Malik
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel R Hyduke
- Biological Engineering Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Carol D Swartz
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Leslie Recio
- Integrated Laboratory Systems Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chepelev NL, Moffat ID, Bowers WJ, Yauk CL. Neurotoxicity may be an overlooked consequence of benzo[a]pyrene exposure that is relevant to human health risk assessment. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2015; 764:64-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
34
|
Barrington RD, Needs PW, Williamson G, Kroon PA. MK571 inhibits phase-2 conjugation of flavonols by Caco-2/TC7 cells, but does not specifically inhibit their apical efflux. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 95:193-200. [PMID: 25801004 PMCID: PMC4428793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
MK571 is a multidrug resistance protein-2 (ABCC2, Mrp2) inhibitor and has been widely used to demonstrate the role of Mrp2 in the cellular efflux of drugs, xenobiotics and their conjugates. Numerous reports have described modulation of Caco-2 cellular efflux and transport of flavonoids in the presence of MK571. Since flavonoids are efficiently conjugated by Caco-2/TC7 cells, we investigated the effects of MK571 on the efflux of flavonoid conjugates. The flavonol aglycones kaempferol, quercetin and galangin were efficiently taken up, conjugated and effluxed by Caco-2/TC7 cells. Apically-applied MK571 caused significant reductions in both the apical and basolateral efflux of flavonol conjugates from Caco-2/TC7 monolayers. MK571 did not significantly alter the apical:basolateral efflux ratio for flavonol conjugates, however, which is not consistent with MK571 specifically inhibiting only apical Mrp2. Since MK571 decreased the total amounts of conjugates formed, and increased cellular flavonol aglycone concentrations, we explored the possibility that MK571 also inhibits phase-2 conjugation of flavonols. MK571 dose-dependently inhibited the intracellular biosynthesis of all flavonol glucuronides and sulphates by Caco-2 cells. MK571 significantly inhibited phase-2 conjugation of kaempferol by cell-free extracts of Caco-2, and production of kaempferol-4′-O-glucuronide was competitively inhibited. These data show that MK571, in addition to inhibiting MRP2, is a potential inhibitor of enterocyte phase-2 conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W Needs
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| | - Gary Williamson
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Paul A Kroon
- Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bioactivation of food genotoxicants 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfuryl alcohol by sulfotransferases from human, mouse and rat: a comparative study. Arch Toxicol 2014; 90:137-48. [PMID: 25370010 PMCID: PMC4710668 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA) are moderately potent rodent carcinogens that are present in thermally processed foodstuffs. The carcinogenic effects were hypothesized to originate from sulfotransferase (SULT)-mediated bioactivation yielding DNA-reactive and mutagenic sulfate esters, a confirmed metabolic pathway of HMF and FFA in mice. It is known that orthologous SULT forms substantially differ in substrate specificity and tissue distribution. This could influence HMF- and FFA-induced carcinogenic effects. Here, we studied HMF and FFA sulfoconjugation by 30 individual SULT forms of humans, mice and rats. The catalytic efficiencies (kcat/KM) of HMF sulfoconjugation of human SULT1A1 (13.7 s−1 M−1), mouse Sult1a1 (15.8 s−1 M−1) and 1d1 (4.8 s−1 M−1) and rat Sult1a1 (5.3 s−1 M−1) were considerably higher than those of all other SULT forms investigated (≤0.73 s−1 M−1). FFA sulfoconjugation was monitored using adenosine as a nucleophilic scavenger for the reactive 2-sulfoxymethylfuran (t1/2 = 20 s at 37 °C). The resulting adduct N6-((furan-2-yl)methyl)-adenosine (N6-MF-A) was quantified by isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS. The rates of N6-MF-A formation showed that hSULT1A1 and its orthologues in mice and rats were also the most important contributors to FFA sulfoconjugation in each of the species. Taken together, the catalytic capacity of hSULT1A1 is comparable to that of mSult1a1 in mice, the species in which carcinogenic effects of HMF and FFA were detected. This is of primary concern due to the expression of hSULT1A1 in many different tissues.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mukkavilli R, Gundala SR, Yang C, Donthamsetty S, Cantuaria G, Jadhav GR, Vangala S, Reid MD, Aneja R. Modulation of cytochrome P450 metabolism and transport across intestinal epithelial barrier by ginger biophenolics. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108386. [PMID: 25251219 PMCID: PMC4177392 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural and complementary therapies in conjunction with mainstream cancer care are steadily gaining popularity. Ginger extract (GE) confers significant health-promoting benefits owing to complex additive and/or synergistic interactions between its bioactive constituents. Recently, we showed that preservation of natural "milieu" confers superior anticancer activity on GE over its constituent phytochemicals, 6-gingerol (6G), 8-gingerol (8 G), 10-gingerol (10 G) and 6-shogaol (6S), through enterohepatic recirculation. Here we further evaluate and compare the effects of GE and its major bioactive constituents on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity in human liver microsomes by monitoring metabolites of CYP-specific substrates using LC/MS/MS detection methods. Our data demonstrate that individual gingerols are potent inhibitors of CYP isozymes, whereas GE exhibits a much higher half-maximal inhibition value, indicating no possible herb-drug interactions. However, GE's inhibition of CYP1A2 and CYP2C8 reflects additive interactions among the constituents. In addition, studies performed to evaluate transporter-mediated intestinal efflux using Caco-2 cells revealed that GE and its phenolics are not substrates of P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Intriguingly, however, 10 G and 6S were not detected in the receiver compartment, indicating possible biotransformation across the Caco-2 monolayer. These data strengthen the notion that an interplay of complex interactions among ginger phytochemicals when fed as whole extract dictates its bioactivity highlighting the importance of consuming whole foods over single agents. Our study substantiates the need for an in-depth analysis of hepatic biotransformation events and distribution profiles of GE and its active phenolics for the design of safe regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rao Mukkavilli
- Advinus Therapeutics Limited, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sushma R. Gundala
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | - Guilherme Cantuaria
- Northside Hospital Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | - Michelle D. Reid
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Gundert-Remy U, Bernauer U, Blömeke B, Döring B, Fabian E, Goebel C, Hessel S, Jäckh C, Lampen A, Oesch F, Petzinger E, Völkel W, Roos PH. Extrahepatic metabolism at the body's internal–external interfaces. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:291-324. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.900565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
38
|
Hessel S, Lampen A, Seidel A. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in food – Efflux of the conjugated biomarker 1-hydroxypyrene is mediated by Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 62:797-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
39
|
Runge-Morris M, Kocarek TA. Expression of the sulfotransferase 1C family: implications for xenobiotic toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2013; 45:450-9. [PMID: 24028175 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2013.835634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The SULT1C enzymes are a relatively under-studied branch of the cytosolic sulfotransferase (SULT) multigene family. Concrete information about SULT1C tissue-specific expression, substrate preference, role in physiology and regulation is just emerging in the literature. The role of SULT1Cs in normal physiology is uncertain, but SULT1C-catalyzed sulfonation of thyroid hormones may be a mechanism to titrate the pre-receptor levels of biologically active thyroid hormone in target tissues. Both rat and human cytosolic SULT1Cs are most noted for their ability to bioactivate potent procarcinogens such as N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. This implicates a possible role for the SULT1Cs as modulators of environmental carcinogen exposure and determinants of neoplastic transformation. In humans, the SULT1Cs are likely to function physiologically in cell proliferation and organogenesis pathways during development, as SULT1Cs appear to be preferentially expressed during fetal life. In recent years, the SULT1C nomenclature as presented in the literature has undergone major changes in response to updated genomic information. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current literature on the SULT1Cs and to clarify perspectives on SULT1C species differences, tissue-specific expression, nomenclature and role in pathophysiology. The ultimate goal is to understand the undiscovered impact of SULT1C expression on hormone homeostasis and xenobiotic toxicity during human development and as a prelude to disease development later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Runge-Morris
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Wayne State University , Detroit, MI , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhang X, Bai Q, Kakiyama G, Xu L, Kim JK, Pandak WM, Ren S. Cholesterol metabolite, 5-cholesten-3β-25-diol-3-sulfate, promotes hepatic proliferation in mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2012; 132:262-70. [PMID: 22732306 PMCID: PMC3463675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Oxysterols are well known as physiological ligands of liver X receptors (LXRs). Oxysterols, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC) and 27-hydroxycholesterol as endogenous ligands of LXRs, suppress cell proliferation via LXRs signaling pathway. Recent reports have shown that sulfated oxysterol, 5-cholesten-3β-25-diol-3-sulfate (25HC3S) as LXRs antagonist, plays an opposite direction to oxysterols in lipid biosynthesis. The present report was to explore the effect and mechanism of 25HC3S on hepatic proliferation in vivo. Following administration, 25HC3S had a 48 h half life in the circulation and widely distributed in mouse tissues. Profiler™ PCR array and RTqPCR analysis showed that either exogenous or endogenous 25HC3S generated by overexpression of oxysterol sulfotransferase (SULT2B1b) plus administration of 25HC significantly up-regulated the proliferation gene expression of Wt1, Pcna, cMyc, cyclin A, FoxM1b, and CDC25b in a dose-dependent manner in liver while substantially down-regulating the expression of cell cycle arrest gene Chek2 and apoptotic gene Apaf1. Either exogenous or endogenous administration of 25HC3S significantly induced hepatic DNA replication as measured by immunostaining of the PCNA labeling index and was associated with reduction in expression of LXR response genes, such as ABCA1 and SREBP-1c. Synthetic LXR agonist T0901317 effectively blocked 25HC3S-induced hepatic proliferation. CONCLUSIONS 25HC3S may be a potent regulator of hepatocyte proliferation and oxysterol sulfation may represent a novel regulatory pathway in liver proliferation via inactivating LXR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qianming Bai
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dongan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States
| | - Leyuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States
| | - William M. Pandak
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States
| | - Shunlin Ren
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Boulevard, Richmond, VA, 23249, United States
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Shunlin Ren McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center/Virginia Commonwealth University, Research 151, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA, 23249, USA. Tel.: +1 (804) 675-5000×4973 Fax: +1 (804) 675-5359
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gavhane YN, Yadav AV. Loss of orally administered drugs in GI tract. Saudi Pharm J 2012; 20:331-44. [PMID: 23960808 PMCID: PMC3744959 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a broad perspective on intestinal absorption and the impact of intestinal first-pass metabolism on both clearance and drug-drug interaction prediction along with its historical perspectives. The review also considers abilities to bridge the gap between the increasing amount of intestinal in vitro data and the importance of intestinal first-pass metabolism in vivo. The significance of efflux transporters on the intestinal absorption is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adhikrao Vyankatrao Yadav
- Gaurishankar Education Society’s Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Limb, Satara (MS), India
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Jiang W, Hu M. Mutual interactions between flavonoids and enzymatic and transporter elements responsible for flavonoid disposition via phase II metabolic pathways. RSC Adv 2012; 2:7948-7963. [PMID: 25400909 PMCID: PMC4228968 DOI: 10.1039/c2ra01369j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, existing mainly as glycosides in nature, have multiple "claimed" beneficial effects in humans. Flavonoids are extensively metabolized in enterocytes and hepatocytes by phase II enzymes such as UGTs and SULTs to form glucuronides and sulfates, respectively. These glucuronides and sulfates are subsequently excreted via ABC transporters (e.g., MRP2 or BCRP). Therefore, it is the interplay between phase II enzymes and efflux transporters that affects the disposition of flavonoids and leads to the low bioavailability of flavonoid aglycones. Flavonoids can also serve as chemical regulators that affect the activity or expression levels of phase II enzymes including UGTs, SULTs and GSTs, and transporters including P-gp, MRP2, BCRP, OATP and OAT. In general, flavonoids may exert the inhibitory or inductive effects on the phase II enzymes and transporters via multiple mechanisms that may involve different nuclear receptors. Since flavonoids may affect the metabolic pathways shared by many important clinical drugs, drug-flavonoid interaction is becoming an increasingly important concern. This review article focused on the disposition of flavonoids and effects of flavonoids on relevant enzymes (e.g. UGTs and SULTs) and transporters (e.g. MRP2 and BCRP) involved in the interplay between phase II enzymes and efflux transporters. The effects of flavonoids on other metabolic enzymes (e.g. GSTs) or transporters (e.g. P-gp, OATP and OAT) are also addressed but that is not the emphasis of this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA ; Pharmaceutics Graduate Program, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang X, Bai Q, Xu L, Kakiyama G, Pandak WM, Zhang Z, Ren S. Cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b promotes hepatocyte proliferation gene expression in vivo and in vitro. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2012; 303:G344-55. [PMID: 22679001 PMCID: PMC3423104 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00403.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic sulfotransferase 2B1b (SULT2B1b) catalyzes the sulfation of 3β-hydroxysteroids and functions as a selective cholesterol and oxysterol sulfotransferase. Activation of liver X receptors (LXRs) by oxysterols has been known to be an antiproliferative factor. Overexpression of SULT2B1b impairs LXR's response to oxysterols, by which it regulates lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo and in vitro effects of SULT2B1b on liver proliferation and the underlying mechanisms. Primary rat hepatocytes and C57BL/6 mice were infected with adenovirus encoding SULT2B1b. Liver proliferation was determined by measuring the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunostaining labeling index. The correlation between SULT2B1b and PCNA expression in mouse liver tissues was determined by double immunofluorescence. Gene expressions were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. SULT2B1b overexpression in mouse liver tissues increased PCNA-positive cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The increased expression of PCNA in mouse liver tissues was only observed in the SULT2B1b transgenic cells. Small interference RNA SULT2B1b significantly inhibited cell cycle regulatory gene expressions in primary rat hepatocytes. LXR activation by T0901317 effectively suppressed SULT2B1b-induced gene expression in vivo and in vitro. SULT2B1b may promote hepatocyte proliferation by inactivating oxysterol/LXR signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; and ,2Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Qianming Bai
- 1Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; and ,2Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Leyuan Xu
- 2Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- 2Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - William M. Pandak
- 2Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- 1Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Shunlin Ren
- 2Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University/Veterans Affairs McGuire Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Meng S, Wu B, Singh R, Yin T, Morrow JK, Zhang S, Hu M. SULT1A3-mediated regiospecific 7-O-sulfation of flavonoids in Caco-2 cells can be explained by the relevant molecular docking studies. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:862-73. [PMID: 22352375 DOI: 10.1021/mp200400s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with various claimed health benefits, but the extensive metabolism by uridine-5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs) in liver and intestine led to poor oral bioavailabilities. The effects of structural changes on the sulfonation of flavonoids have not been systemically determined, although relevant effects of structural changes on the glucuronidation of flavonoids had. We performed the regiospecific sulfonation of sixteen flavonoids from five different subclasses of flavonoids, which are represented by apigenin (flavone), genistein (isoflavone), naringenin (flavanone), kaempherol (flavonol), and phloretin (chalcone). Additional studies were performed using 4 monohydroxyl flavonoids with a -OH group at the 3, 4', 5 or 7 position, followed by 5 dihydroxyl flavonoids, and 2 trihydroxyl flavonoids by using expressed human SULT1A3 and Caco-2 cell lysates. We found that these compounds were exclusively sulfated at the 7-OH position by SULT1A3 and primarily sulfated at the 7-OH position in Caco-2 cell lysates with minor amounts of 4'-O-sulfates formed as well. Sulfonation rates measured using SULT1A3 and Caco-2 cell lysates were highly correlated at substrate concentrations of 2.5 and 10 μM. Molecular docking studies provided structural explanations as to why sulfonation only occurred at the 7-OH position of flavones, flavonols and flavanones. In conclusion, molecular docking studies explain why SULT1A3 exclusively mediates sulfonation at the 7-OH position of flavones/flavonols, and correlation studies indicate that SULT1A3 is the main isoform responsible for flavonoid sulfonation in the Caco-2 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Stiborová M, Indra R, Moserová M, Černá V, Rupertová M, Martínek V, Eckschlager T, Kizek R, Frei E. Cytochrome b5 Increases Cytochrome P450 3A4-Mediated Activation of Anticancer Drug Ellipticine to 13-Hydroxyellipticine Whose Covalent Binding to DNA Is Elevated by Sulfotransferases and N,O-Acetyltransferases. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:1075-85. [DOI: 10.1021/tx3000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Rupertová
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Martínek
- Department of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, Charles University,
Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology
and Oncology, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - René Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University,
Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- Division
of Preventive Oncology,
National Center for Tumor Diseases, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Glatt H, Schneider H, Murkovic M, Monien BH, Meinl W. Hydroxymethyl-substituted furans: mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium strains engineered for expression of various human and rodent sulphotransferases. Mutagenesis 2011; 27:41-8. [PMID: 21825114 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ger054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and furfuryl alcohol (FFA) are present in numerous foodstuffs at high levels. FFA is also used for the production of polymers. Both compounds had demonstrated some evidence of carcinogenic activity in 2-year bioassays. We tested these compounds and four congeners for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA100-derived strains expressing human or rodent sulphotransferases (SULTs). 5-Hydroxymethylfuroic acid, a metabolite of HMF, was not mutagenic in any strain. 3-Hydroxymethylfuran was weakly mutagenic in all strains independently of SULT expression. HMF, 2,5-(bishydroxymethyl)furan (metabolite of HMF), FFA and 5-methyl-FFA were inactive in TA100 but strongly mutagenic when human SULT1C2 was expressed. This form has been detected in ovary, kidney and foetal tissues. Human SULT1A1, SULT1A2 and SULT1A3 as well as murine Sult1a1 and Sult1d1 also activated some hydroxymethyl-substituted furans to varying degrees. Whereas chemically synthesised 5-sulphooxymethylfurfural was mutagenic in TA100, furfuryl sulphate was bacteriotoxic, only leading to marginal increases in the number of revertants. Furfuryl acetate, an uncharged ester of FFA, used as fragrance and food flavouring, was clearly mutagenic. We determined half-life times of 120 min, 20 s and 10 h, respectively, for 5-sulphooxymethylfurfural, furfuryl sulphate and furfuryl acetate at 37°C in water. It is likely that the short lifespan of furfuryl sulphate, together with its charge, led to insufficient penetration of the bacteria when added externally, although it was mutagenic when generated by appropriate SULTs from FFA within the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hansruedi Glatt
- German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Böhmdorfer M, Maier‐Salamon A, Taferner B, Reznicek G, Thalhammer T, Hering S, Hüfner A, Schühly W, Jäger W. In vitro metabolism and disposition of honokiol in rat and human livers. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:3506-3516. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
48
|
Buhrke T, Lengler I, Lampen A. Analysis of proteomic changes induced upon cellular differentiation of the human intestinal cell line Caco-2. Dev Growth Differ 2011; 53:411-26. [PMID: 21492153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2011.01258.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The human intestinal cell line Caco-2 is a well-established model system to study cellular differentiation of human enterocytes of intestinal origin, because these cells have the capability to differentiate spontaneously into polarized cells with morphological and biochemical features of small intestinal enterocytes. Therefore, the cells are widely used as an in vitro model for the human intestinal barrier. In this study, a proteomic approach was used to identify the molecular marker of intestinal cellular differentiation. The proteome of proliferating Caco-2 cells was compared with that of fully differentiated cells. Two-dimensional gel analysis yielded 53 proteins that were differently regulated during the differentiation process. Pathway analysis conducted with those 34 proteins that were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis revealed subsets of proteins with common molecular and cellular function. It was shown that proteins involved in xenobiotic and drug metabolism as well as in lipid metabolism were upregulated upon cellular differentiation. In parallel, proteins associated with proliferation, cell growth and cancer were downregulated, reflecting the loss of the tumorigenic phenotype of the cells. Thus, the proteomic approach in combination with a literature-based pathway analysis yielded valuable information about the differentiation process of Caco-2 cells on the molecular level that contributes to the understanding of the development of colon cancer or inflammatory diseases such as ulcerative colitis--diseases associated with an imbalanced differentiation process of intestinal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Buhrke
- Food Safety Department, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mateos R, Pereira-Caro G, Saha S, Cert R, Redondo-Horcajo M, Bravo L, Kroon P. Acetylation of hydroxytyrosol enhances its transport across differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
50
|
Zhang H, Tolonen A, Rousu T, Hirvonen J, Finel M. Effects of cell differentiation and assay conditions on the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in Caco-2 cells. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 39:456-64. [PMID: 21098645 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.036582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell differentiation increases UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) gene expression in Caco-2 cells. Glucuronidation of 13 UGT substrates, 1-naphthol, diclofenac, epitestosterone, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, indomethacin, oxazepam, R- and S-propranolol, propofol, testosterone, trifluoperazine, and zidovudine, were studied to derive a broad view on the effect of cell differentiation on the glucuronidation activities of different human UGTs. In parallel, the glucuronidation of these compounds in human liver microsomes (HLM) and human intestinal microsomes (HIM) was analyzed. Because many of the substrates are highly lipophilic, the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) concentrations in the reaction mixture on glucuronidation rates were tested, as well as the effect of alamethicin, a pore-forming peptide. Large differences were observed in the effects of DMSO and alamethicin between recombinant UGTs and Caco-2 cells and HLM and HIM, and, therefore, the activity assays were performed under multiple conditions. Regardless of the assay conditions, however, the results clearly indicated that although differentiation increases glucuronidation activity, the rates in Caco-2 cells are mostly very low, much lower than those in either HLM or HIM. One clear exception was observed: substrates of UGT1A6, such as 1-naphthol, were glucuronidated at very high rates in both undifferentiated and differentiated Caco-2 cells. It may thus be concluded that Caco-2 cells, even differentiated ones, do not provide a good model system to assess first-pass drug glucuronidation in the intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhang
- Centre for Drug Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|