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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Perturbation of 3D nuclear architecture, epigenomic dysregulation and aging, and cannabinoid synaptopathy reconfigures conceptualization of cannabinoid pathophysiology: part 1-aging and epigenomics. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1182535. [PMID: 37732074 PMCID: PMC10507876 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1182535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Much recent attention has been directed toward the spatial organization of the cell nucleus and the manner in which three-dimensional topologically associated domains and transcription factories are epigenetically coordinated to precisely bring enhancers into close proximity with promoters to control gene expression. Twenty lines of evidence robustly implicate cannabinoid exposure with accelerated organismal and cellular aging. Aging has recently been shown to be caused by increased DNA breaks. These breaks rearrange and maldistribute the epigenomic machinery to weaken and reverse cellular differentiation, cause genome-wide DNA demethylation, reduce gene transcription, and lead to the inhibition of developmental pathways, which contribute to the progressive loss of function and chronic immune stimulation that characterize cellular aging. Both cell lineage-defining superenhancers and the superanchors that control them are weakened. Cannabis exposure phenocopies the elements of this process and reproduces DNA and chromatin breakages, reduces the DNA, RNA protein and histone synthesis, interferes with the epigenomic machinery controlling both DNA and histone modifications, induces general DNA hypomethylation, and epigenomically disrupts both the critical boundary elements and the cohesin motors that create chromatin loops. This pattern of widespread interference with developmental programs and relative cellular dedifferentiation (which is pro-oncogenic) is reinforced by cannabinoid impairment of intermediate metabolism (which locks in the stem cell-like hyper-replicative state) and cannabinoid immune stimulation (which perpetuates and increases aging and senescence programs, DNA damage, DNA hypomethylation, genomic instability, and oncogenesis), which together account for the diverse pattern of teratologic and carcinogenic outcomes reported in recent large epidemiologic studies in Europe, the USA, and elsewhere. It also accounts for the prominent aging phenotype observed clinically in long-term cannabis use disorder and the 20 characteristics of aging that it manifests. Increasing daily cannabis use, increasing use in pregnancy, and exponential dose-response effects heighten the epidemiologic and clinical urgency of these findings. Together, these findings indicate that cannabinoid genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity are prominent features of cannabis dependence and strongly indicate coordinated multiomics investigations of cannabinoid genome-epigenome-transcriptome-metabolome, chromatin conformation, and 3D nuclear architecture. Considering the well-established exponential dose-response relationships, the diversity of cannabinoids, and the multigenerational nature of the implications, great caution is warranted in community cannabinoid penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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2
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Reece AS, Bennett K, Hulse GK. Cannabis- and Substance-Related Carcinogenesis in Europe: A Lagged Causal Inferential Panel Regression Study. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:323-385. [PMID: 37489337 PMCID: PMC10366890 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent European data facilitate an epidemiological investigation of the controversial cannabis-cancer relationship. Of particular concern were prior findings associating high-dose cannabis use with reproductive problems and potential genetic impacts. Cancer incidence data age-standardised to the world population was obtained from the European Cancer Information System 2000-2020 and many European national cancer registries. Drug use data were obtained from the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. Alcohol and tobacco consumption was sourced from the WHO. Median household income was taken from the World bank. Cancer rates in high-cannabis-use countries were significantly higher than elsewhere (β-estimate = 0.4165, p = 3.54 × 10-115). Eighteen of forty-one cancers (42,675 individual rates) were significantly associated with cannabis exposure at bivariate analysis. Twenty-five cancers were linked in inverse-probability-weighted multivariate models. Temporal lagging in panel models intensified these effects. In multivariable models, cannabis was a more powerful correlate of cancer incidence than tobacco or alcohol. Reproductive toxicity was evidenced by the involvement of testis, ovary, prostate and breast cancers and because some of the myeloid and lymphoid leukaemias implicated occur in childhood, indicating inherited intergenerational genotoxicity. Cannabis is a more important carcinogen than tobacco and alcohol and fulfills epidemiological qualitative and quantitative criteria for causality for 25/41 cancers. Reproductive and transgenerational effects are prominent. These findings confirm the clinical and epidemiological salience of cannabis as a major multigenerational community carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Kellie Bennett
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, 208 Kent St., Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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3
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Blanton H, Armin S, Muenster S, Abood M, Benamar K. Contribution of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 55 to Periaqueductal Gray-Mediated Antinociception in the Inflammatory Pain. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:274-278. [PMID: 35612493 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain mechanism of inflammatory pain is an understudied area of research, particularly concerning the descending pain modulatory system. The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a lysophosphatidylinositol-sensitive receptor that has also been involved in cannabinoid signaling. It is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a brainstem area and key element of the descending pain modulatory system. In this study, we used behavioral, stereotaxic injections, pharmacological tools, and two inflammatory pain models (formalin and carrageenan) to determine if GPR55 in the PAG plays a role in the pain associated with inflammation in rats. It was found that the blockade of GPR55 action in PAG can drive the descending pain modulatory system to mitigate inflammatory pain. These data show that GPR55 plays a role in the descending pain modulatory system in inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Blanton
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Sabiha Armin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Steven Muenster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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4
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Morris G, Walder K, Kloiber S, Amminger P, Berk M, Bortolasci CC, Maes M, Puri BK, Carvalho AF. The endocannabinoidome in neuropsychiatry: Opportunities and potential risks. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105729. [PMID: 34119623 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS) comprises two cognate endocannabinoid receptors referred to as CB1R and CB2R. ECS dysregulation is apparent in neurodegenerative/neuro-psychiatric disorders including but not limited to schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and potentially bipolar disorder. The aim of this paper is to review mechanisms whereby both receptors may interact with neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative pathways, which play a pathophysiological role in these disorders. CB1R is located in the presynaptic terminals of GABAergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons where it regulates the retrograde suppression of neurotransmission. CB1R plays a key role in long-term depression, and, to a lesser extent, long-term potentiation, thereby modulating synaptic transmission and mediating learning and memory. Optimal CB1R activity plays an essential neuroprotective role by providing a defense against the development of glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, which is achieved, at least in part, by impeding AMPA-mediated increase in intracellular calcium overload and oxidative stress. Moreover, CB1R activity enables optimal neuron-glial communication and the function of the neurovascular unit. CB2R receptors are detected in peripheral immune cells and also in central nervous system regions including the striatum, basal ganglia, frontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala as well as the ventral tegmental area. CB2R upregulation inhibits the presynaptic release of glutamate in several brain regions. CB2R activation also decreases neuroinflammation partly by mediating the transition from a predominantly neurotoxic "M1" microglial phenotype to a more neuroprotective "M2" phenotype. CB1R and CB2R are thus novel drug targets for the treatment of neuro-immune and neuro-oxidative disorders including schizophrenia and affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Geelong, Australia
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Amminger
- Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andre F Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia.
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Armin S, Muenster S, Abood M, Benamar K. GPR55 in the brain and chronic neuropathic pain. Behav Brain Res 2021; 406:113248. [PMID: 33745983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a clear need for novel and improved therapeutic strategies for alleviating chronic neuropathic pain, as well as a need for better understanding of brain mechanisms of neuropathic pain, which are less understood than spinal and peripheral mechanisms. The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), is a lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI)-sensitive receptor that has also been involved in cannabinoid signaling. It is expressed throughout the central nervous system, including the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a brainstem area and key element of the descending pain control system. Behaviors, pharmacology, biochemistry tools, and stereotaxic microinjections were used to determine if GPR55 plays a role in pain control in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) neuropathic pain model in rats. It was found that the blockade of GPR55 action in the PAG can restore and drive a descending control system to mitigate neuropathic pain. Our data demonstrate that GPR55 play a role in the descending pain control system, and identify GPR55 at supraspinal level as a neuropathic pain brain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Armin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine Lubbock, TX, 79430, United States
| | - Steven Muenster
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine Lubbock, TX, 79430, United States
| | - Mary Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine Lubbock, TX, 79430, United States.
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Palma J, Narasimhan M, Guindon J, Benamar K. Supraspinal interaction between HIV-1-gp120 and cannabinoid analgesic effectiveness. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 391:1157-1161. [PMID: 30008083 PMCID: PMC6333524 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1533-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The growing therapeutic use (self-medication) of cannabinoids by HIV-1 infected people and the recent interest in the possible medicinal use of cannabinoids, particularly in pain management, create an urgent need to identify their potential interactions with HIV-1. The goal here is to determine any interaction between proteins of HIV-1 and the analgesic effectiveness of cannabinoid at supraspinal level. Young adult male rats (Sprague-Dawley) were stereotaxically pretreated with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein 120 (gp120) into the periaqueductal gray (PAG) area, the primary control center of pain modulation. Then, we examined its effect on cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212-2-induced analgesia. Our results demonstrated that gp120 in PAG diminished the analgesic effectiveness of this cannabinoid agonist. These results suggest that gp120 may interact with the cannabinoid system through the descending modulatory pain pathways centered in the PAG to impair the analgesic effectiveness of cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Palma
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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Coke CJ, Scarlett KA, Chetram MA, Jones KJ, Sandifer BJ, Davis AS, Marcus AI, Hinton CV. Simultaneous Activation of Induced Heterodimerization between CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor and Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB2) Reveals a Mechanism for Regulation of Tumor Progression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9991-10005. [PMID: 26841863 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.712661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor CXCR4 generates signals that lead to cell migration, cell proliferation, and other survival mechanisms that result in the metastatic spread of primary tumor cells to distal organs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that CXCR4 can form homodimers or can heterodimerize with other G-protein-coupled receptors to form receptor complexes that can amplify or decrease the signaling capacity of each individual receptor. Using biophysical and biochemical approaches, we found that CXCR4 can form an induced heterodimer with cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) in human breast and prostate cancer cells. Simultaneous, agonist-dependent activation of CXCR4 and CB2 resulted in reduced CXCR4-mediated expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and ultimately reduced cancer cell functions such as calcium mobilization and cellular chemotaxis. Given that treatment with cannabinoids has been shown to reduce invasiveness of cancer cells as well as CXCR4-mediated migration of immune cells, it is plausible that CXCR4 signaling can be silenced through a physical heterodimeric association with CB2, thereby inhibiting subsequent functions of CXCR4. Taken together, the data illustrate a mechanism by which the cannabinoid system can negatively modulate CXCR4 receptor function and perhaps tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Coke
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314
| | - Kisha A Scarlett
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314
| | - Mahandranauth A Chetram
- Molecular Oncology Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, D. C. 20057, and
| | - Kia J Jones
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314
| | - Brittney J Sandifer
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314
| | - Ahriea S Davis
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314
| | - Adam I Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Cimona V Hinton
- From the Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314,
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8
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Han ZL, Wang ZL, Li XH, Li N, Pan JX, Zheng T, Fang Q, Wang R. Neuropeptide VF Enhances Cannabinoid Agonist WIN55,212-2-Induced Antinociception in Mice. Anesth Analg 2015; 121:1360-8. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Fitzgibbon M, Finn DP, Roche M. High Times for Painful Blues: The Endocannabinoid System in Pain-Depression Comorbidity. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv095. [PMID: 26342110 PMCID: PMC4815466 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression and pain are two of the most debilitating disorders worldwide and have an estimated cooccurrence of up to 80%. Comorbidity of these disorders is more difficult to treat, associated with significant disability and impaired health-related quality of life than either condition alone, resulting in enormous social and economic cost. Several neural substrates have been identified as potential mediators in the association between depression and pain, including neuroanatomical reorganization, monoamine and neurotrophin depletion, dysregulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis, and neuroinflammation. However, the past decade has seen mounting evidence supporting a role for the endogenous cannabinoid (endocannabinoid) system in affective and nociceptive processing, and thus, alterations in this system may play a key role in reciprocal interactions between depression and pain. This review will provide an overview of the preclinical evidence supporting an interaction between depression and pain and the evidence supporting a role for the endocannabinoid system in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle Roche
- Physiology (Ms Fitzgibbon and Dr Roche), and Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Dr Finn), School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research (Ms Fitzgibbon, Dr Finn, and Dr Roche), National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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10
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Deliu E, Sperow M, Console-Bram L, Carter RL, Tilley DG, Kalamarides DJ, Kirby LG, Brailoiu GC, Brailoiu E, Benamar K, Abood ME. The Lysophosphatidylinositol Receptor GPR55 Modulates Pain Perception in the Periaqueductal Gray. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:265-72. [PMID: 25972448 PMCID: PMC4518086 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the involvement of GPR55 and its proposed endogenous ligand, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), in nociception, yet their role in central pain processing has not been explored. Using Ca(2+) imaging, we show here that LPI elicits concentration-dependent and GPR55-mediated increases in intracellular Ca(2+) levels in dissociated rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons, which express GPR55 mRNA. This effect is mediated by Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and by Ca(2+) entry via P/Q-type of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, LPI depolarizes PAG neurons and upon intra-PAG microinjection, reduces nociceptive threshold in the hot-plate test. Both these effects are dependent on GPR55 activation, because they are abolished by pretreatment with ML-193 [N-(4-(N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)sulfamoyl)-phenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline-4-carboxamide], a selective GPR55 antagonist. Thus, we provide the first pharmacological evidence that GPR55 activation at central levels is pronociceptive, suggesting that interfering with GPR55 signaling in the PAG may promote analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Deliu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Margaret Sperow
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Linda Console-Bram
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Daniel J Kalamarides
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Lynn G Kirby
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
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Chemokine-ligands/receptors: multiplayers in traumatic spinal cord injury. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:486758. [PMID: 25977600 PMCID: PMC4419224 DOI: 10.1155/2015/486758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in complex posttraumatic sequelae affecting the whole neuraxis. Due to its involvement in varied neuromodulatory processes, the chemokine-ligand/receptor-network is a key element of secondary lesion cascades induced by SCI. This review will provide a synopsis of chemokine-ligand/receptor-expression along the whole neuraxis after traumatic spinal cord (sc) insults on basis of recent in vivo and in vitro findings in a SCI paradigm of thoracic force-defined impact lesions (Infinite Horizon Impactor) in adult rats. Analyses of chemokine-ligand/receptor-expression at defined time points after sc lesion of different severity grades or sham operation revealed that these inflammatory mediators are induced in distinct anatomical sc regions and in thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal grey, and hippocampal structures in the brain. Cellular and anatomical expression profiles together with colocalization/expression of neural stem/progenitor cell markers in adult sc stem cells niches or with pain-related receptors and mediators in dorsal horns, dorsal columns, and pain-processing brain areas support the notion that chemokines are involved in distinct cascades underlying clinical posttraumatic impairments and syndromes. These aspects and their implication in concepts of tailored SCI treatment are reviewed in the context of the recent literature on chemokine-ligand/receptor involvement in complex secondary lesion cascades.
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Pan JX, Wang ZL, Li N, Han ZL, Li XH, Tang HH, Wang P, Zheng T, Fang Q, Wang R. Analgesic tolerance and cross-tolerance to the cannabinoid receptors ligands hemopressin, VD-hemopressin(α) and WIN55,212-2 at the supraspinal level in mice. Neurosci Lett 2014; 578:187-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Guyon A. CXCL12 chemokine and its receptors as major players in the interactions between immune and nervous systems. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:65. [PMID: 24639628 PMCID: PMC3944789 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemokine CXCL12/stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha has first been described in the immune system where it functions include chemotaxis for lymphocytes and macrophages, migration of hematopoietic cells from fetal liver to bone marrow and the formation of large blood vessels. Among other chemokines, CXCL12 has recently attracted much attention in the brain as it has been shown that it can be produced not only by glial cells but also by neurons. In addition, its receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7, which are belonging to the G protein-coupled receptors family, are abundantly expressed in diverse brain area, CXCR4 being a major co-receptor for human immunodeficiency virus 1 entry. This chemokine system has been shown to play important roles in brain plasticity processes occurring during development but also in the physiology of the brain in normal and pathological conditions. For example, in neurons, CXCR4 stimulation has been shown regulate the synaptic release of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It can also act post-synaptically by activating a G protein activated inward rectifier K+ (GIRK), a voltage-gated K channel Kv2.1 associated to neuronal survival, and by increasing high voltage activated Ca2+ currents. In addition, it has been recently evidenced that there are several cross-talks between the CXCL12/CXCR4–7 system and other neurotransmitter systems in the brain (such as GABA, glutamate, opioids, and cannabinoids). Overall, this chemokine system could be one of the key players of the neuro-immune interface that participates in shaping the brain in response to changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Guyon
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7275 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Université Nice Sophia Antipolis Valbonne, France
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Polygenic inheritance of paclitaxel-induced sensory peripheral neuropathy driven by axon outgrowth gene sets in CALGB 40101 (Alliance). THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 14:336-42. [PMID: 24513692 PMCID: PMC4111770 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathy is a common dose-limiting toxicity for patients treated with paclitaxel. For most individuals there are no known risk factors that predispose patients to the adverse event, and pathogenesis for paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy is unknown. Determining whether there is a heritable component to paclitaxel induced peripheral neuropathy would be valuable in guiding clinical decisions and may provide insight into treatment of and mechanisms for the toxicity. Using genotype and patient information from the paclitaxel arm of CALGB 40101 (Alliance), a phase III clinical trial evaluating adjuvant therapies for breast cancer in women, we estimated the variance in maximum grade and dose at first instance of sensory peripheral neuropathy. Our results suggest that paclitaxel-induced neuropathy has a heritable component, driven in part by genes involved in axon outgrowth. Disruption of axon outgrowth may be one of the mechanisms by which paclitaxel treatment results in sensory peripheral neuropathy in susceptible patients.
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Mao S, Huang S. The signaling pathway of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its role in kidney diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 34:85-91. [PMID: 24303939 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.865746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) regulates the trafficking of progenitor cell (PGC) during embryonic development, cell chemotaxis, and postnatal homing into injury sites. SDF-1 also regulates cell growth, survival, adhesion and angiogenesis. However, in different tissues/cells, the role of SDF-1 is different, such as that it is increased in most of the tumors and associated with cancer metastasis, whereas it is essential for the development of vasculature. For kidney diseases, its role remains controversial. Signaling pathways might be very important in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. We performed this review to provide a relatively complete signaling pathway flowchart for SDF-1 to the investigators who were interested in the role of SDF-1 in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases. Here, we reviewed the signal transduction pathway of SDF-1 and its role in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing , China
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Deng L, Guindon J, Vemuri VK, Thakur GA, White FA, Makriyannis A, Hohmann AG. The maintenance of cisplatin- and paclitaxel-induced mechanical and cold allodynia is suppressed by cannabinoid CB₂ receptor activation and independent of CXCR4 signaling in models of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Mol Pain 2012; 8:71. [PMID: 22998838 PMCID: PMC3502129 DOI: 10.1186/1744-8069-8-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemotherapeutic agents produce dose-limiting peripheral neuropathy through mechanisms that remain poorly understood. We previously showed that AM1710, a cannabilactone CB2 agonist, produces antinociception without producing central nervous system (CNS)-associated side effects. The present study was conducted to examine the antinociceptive effect of AM1710 in rodent models of neuropathic pain evoked by diverse chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin and paclitaxel). A secondary objective was to investigate the potential contribution of alpha-chemokine receptor (CXCR4) signaling to both chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and CB2 agonist efficacy. Results AM1710 (0.1, 1 or 5 mg/kg i.p.) suppressed the maintenance of mechanical and cold allodynia in the cisplatin and paclitaxel models. Anti-allodynic effects of AM1710 were blocked by the CB2 antagonist AM630 (3 mg/kg i.p.), but not the CB1 antagonist AM251 (3 mg/kg i.p.), consistent with a CB2-mediated effect. By contrast, blockade of CXCR4 signaling with its receptor antagonist AMD3100 (10 mg/kg i.p.) failed to attenuate mechanical or cold hypersensitivity induced by either cisplatin or paclitaxel. Moreover, blockade of CXCR4 signaling failed to alter the anti-allodynic effects of AM1710 in the paclitaxel model, further suggesting distinct mechanisms of action. Conclusions Our results indicate that activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors by AM1710 suppresses both mechanical and cold allodynia in two distinct models of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. By contrast, CXCR4 signaling does not contribute to the maintenance of chemotherapy-induced established neuropathy or efficacy of AM1710. Our studies suggest that CB2 receptors represent a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of toxic neuropathies produced by cisplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Deng
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Rezende R, Paiva-Lima P, Dos Reis W, Camêlo V, Faraco A, Bakhle Y, Francischi J. Endogenous Opioid and Cannabinoid Mechanisms Are Involved in the Analgesic Effects of Celecoxib in the Central Nervous System. Pharmacology 2012; 89:127-36. [DOI: 10.1159/000336346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Effects of neuropeptide FF system on CB₁ and CB₂ receptors mediated antinociception in mice. Neuropharmacology 2011; 62:855-64. [PMID: 21945715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that opioid and cannabinoid receptor systems can produce similar signal transduction and behavioural effects. Neuropeptide FF (NPFF) belongs to an opioid-modulating peptide family. NPFF has been reported to play important roles in control of pain and analgesia through interactions with the opioid system. We were interested in whether the central and peripheral antinociception of cannabinoids could be influenced by supraspinal NPFF system. The present study examined the effects of NPFF and related peptides on the antinociceptive activities induced by the non-selective cannabinoid receptors agonist WIN55,212-2, given by supraspinal and intraplantar routes. In mice, the central and peripheral antinociception of WIN55,212-2 are mediated by cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors, respectively. Interestingly, central administration of NPFF significantly reduced central and peripheral analgesia of cannabinoids in dose-dependent manners. In contrast, dNPA and NPVF (i.c.v.), two highly selective agonists for NPFF(2) and NPFF(1) receptors, dose-dependently augmented the antinociception caused by intracerebroventricular and intraplantar injection of WIN55,212-2. Additionally, pretreatment with the NPFF receptors selective antagonist RF9 (i.c.v.) markedly reduced the cannabinoid-modulating activities of NPFF and related peptides in nociceptive assays. These data provide the first evidence for a functional interaction between NPFF and cannabinoid systems, indicating that activation of central NPFF receptors interferes with cannabinoid-mediated central and peripheral antinociception. Intriguingly, the present work may pave the way for a new strategy of using combination treatment of cannabinoid and NPFF agonists for pain management. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder'.
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Loftis JM, Choi D, Hoffman W, Huckans MS. Methamphetamine causes persistent immune dysregulation: a cross-species, translational report. Neurotox Res 2011; 20:59-68. [PMID: 20953917 PMCID: PMC3081419 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) dependence causes serious cognitive impairments that can persist during abstinence and negatively affect recovery outcomes. Evidence suggests that immune factors, such as cytokines, chemokines, and cellular adhesion molecules, contribute to MA-induced immune dysfunction, neuronal injury, and persistent cognitive impairments, yet the role of MA-induced brain inflammation remains unclear. To address this question, we used a cross-species, translational approach. Thirty-two male C57BL/6J mice were administered MA (1 mg/kg) or saline subcutaneously for seven consecutive days. Mice were euthanized at 72 h or 3 weeks after the last drug dose, and blood and brain samples were collected. In addition, 20 adults in remission from MA dependence and 20 non-dependent controls completed neuropsychological assessments and a blood draw. Multiplex assays were used to measure cytokine, chemokine, and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) expression in mouse and human samples. A number of significant MA-induced changes in neuroimmune factors were observed. Of particular interest were the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) and the cellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1, which were similarly increased in the plasma of MA exposed mice as well as humans. In human participants, MA-induced changes in the cytokine and chemokine milieu were accompanied by increased cognitive impairments. Mice showing MA-induced changes in peripheral immune molecule expression also had significant brain-region specific changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and ICAM-1. This cross-species, translational study suggests that chronic CNS immune dysregulation may in part contribute to the longlasting neuropsychiatric consequences of MA dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Loftis
- Research & Development Service, Portland VA Medical Center, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Rd., R&D 16, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Knerlich-Lukoschus F, von der Ropp-Brenner B, Lucius R, Mehdorn HM, Held-Feindt J. Spatiotemporal CCR1, CCL3(MIP-1α), CXCR4, CXCL12(SDF-1α) expression patterns in a rat spinal cord injury model of posttraumatic neuropathic pain. J Neurosurg Spine 2011; 14:583-97. [DOI: 10.3171/2010.12.spine10480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Object
Central neuropathic pain is a frequent challenging complication after spinal cord injury (SCI), and specific therapeutic approaches remain elusive. The purpose of the present investigations was to identify potential key mediators of these pain syndromes by analyzing detailed expression profiles of important chemokines in an experimental SCI paradigm of posttraumatic neuropathic pain in rats.
Methods
Expression of CCR1, CCL3(MIP-1α), CXCR4, and CXCL12(SDF-1α) was investigated in parallel with behavioral testing for mechanical and thermal nociceptive thresholds after standardized SCI; 100-kdyn (moderate injury) and 200-kdyn (severe injury) force-defined thoracic spinal cord contusion lesions were applied via an Infinite Horizon Impactor at the T-9 level. Sham controls received laminectomies. Hindlimb locomotor function as well as mechanical and thermal sensitivities were monitored weekly by standardized behavioral testing after SCI. Chemokine expression was analyzed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the early (7 days postoperatively) and late (42 days postoperatively) time courses after SCI, and immunohistochemical analysis (anatomical and quantitative) was performed 2, 7, 14, and 42 days after lesioning. Double staining with cellular markers and pain-related peptides (substance P and CGRP) or receptors (TRPV-1, TRPV-2, VRL-1, and TLR-4) was performed. Based on data obtained from behavioral testing, quantified immunohistochemical chemokine expressions in individual animals were correlated with the respective mechanical and thermal sensitivity thresholds 6 weeks after SCI.
Results
After 200-kdyn lesions, the animals exhibited prolonged reduction in their nociceptive thresholds, while 100-kdyn groups showed pain-related behaviors only in the early time course after SCI. Investigated chemokines were widely induced after SCI, involving cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord levels far beyond the lesion core. CCR1 and CCL3 were induced significantly in the dorsal horns 2 days after lesioning and remained at high levels after SCI with significantly higher intensities after 200-kdyn than 100-kdyn contusions. CXCR4 and CXCL12 levels continuously increased from 2 to 42 days after moderate and severe lesions. Additionally, chemokines were induced significantly in dorsal columns, with highest density levels 42 days after 200-kdyn lesions. In dorsal horns, CCR1 was coexpressed with TRPV-1 while CXCR4 and CXCL12 were partially coexpressed with substance P and CGRP. In dorsal columns, CCL3/CCR1 colabeled with GFAP, TRPV-2, TRPV-1, TLR-4; CXCR4/CXCL12 coexpressed with GFAP, CD68/ED1, and TLR4. Chemokine immunoreactivity density levels, especially CCL3 and its receptor, correlated in part significantly with nociceptive thresholds.
Conclusions
The authors report lesion grade–dependent upregulation of different chemokines/chemokine receptors after spinal cord contusion lesions in pain-processing spinal cord regions in a clinically relevant model of traumatic SCI in rats. Prolonged chemokine induction further correlated with below-level pain development in the delayed time course after severe SCI and was coexpressed with pain-associated peptides and receptors, suggesting that chemokines play a crucial role in chronic central pain mechanisms after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Knerlich-Lukoschus
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, Kiel; and
- 2Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- 2Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Janka Held-Feindt
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, Kiel; and
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Knerlich-Lukoschus F, Noack M, von der Ropp-Brenner B, Lucius R, Mehdorn HM, Held-Feindt J. Spinal Cord Injuries Induce Changes in CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor and C-C Chemokine Expression in Brain Areas Underlying Circuitry of Chronic Pain Conditions. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28:619-34. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Knerlich-Lukoschus
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte Noack
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Ralph Lucius
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Janka Held-Feindt
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein Medical Center, Kiel, Germany
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Barna I, Till I, Haller J. Blood, adipose tissue and brain levels of the cannabinoid ligands WIN-55,212 and SR-141716A after their intraperitoneal injection in mice: compound-specific and area-specific distribution within the brain. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2009; 19:533-41. [PMID: 19303746 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabinoid ligands have wide ranging neural and behavioral effects; therefore, they are of substantial therapeutic interest. The levels of cannabinoids are tightly controlled in brain infusion and in vitro methodologies, although the studied dose-ranges are extremely wide (e.g. 0.4-470 nmol in brain infusion studies). The brain levels reached after systemic administration are virtually unknown. To investigate this issue, we injected intraperitoneally (3)H-labeled WIN-55,212 and SR141716A (0.3, 1 and 3 mg/kg) and estimated their accumulation in the blood, adipose tissue and brain. Accumulation was dose-dependent. The largest amounts were found in the adipose tissue, while the levels seen in the blood and brain were approximately similar. The accumulation of SR141716A was markedly more pronounced than that of WIN-55,212 in all three tissues. The brain distribution of WIN-55,212 showed large regional differences. Such differences were significant but much smaller with SR141716A. The largest brain levels noticed after intraperitoneal injections did not exceed 2.5 nmol/g. This is larger than the brain level of the endocannabinoid anandamide but smaller than that of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol. Yet, the CB1 receptor affinity of WIN-55,212 and SR-141716A is two orders of magnitude larger than that of 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, suggesting that the exogenously administered compounds were functionally more active. Our findings also suggest that brain infusion and in vitro techniques employing considerably larger doses than 2.5 nmol should be dealt with caution. It appears that measuring brain levels after systemic injections increases our understanding of cannabinoid effects, and provides important clues for the comparison of results obtained with different methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Barna
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1450 Budapest, P.O. Box 67, Hungary
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Benamar K, Yondorf M, Geller EB, Eisenstein TK, Adler MW. Physiological evidence for interaction between the HIV-1 co-receptor CXCR4 and the cannabinoid system in the brain. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:1225-31. [PMID: 19558543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The chemokine, stromal cell-derived growth factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha/CXCL12), a member of the CXC chemokine family, and the ligand for CXCR4, the co-receptor involved in the entry of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), was tested for its possible interaction with a physiological response to a cannabinoid. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The cannabinoid agonist, an aminoalkylindole, (+)-WIN 55,212-2 [(4,5-dihydro-2-methyl-4(4-morpholinylmethyl)-1-(1-naphthalenyl-carbonyl)-6H-pyrrolo[3,2,1ij]quinolin-6-one], was infused directly into the preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH), the primary brain area involved in thermoregulation. KEY RESULTS WIN 55,212-2 (5-15 microg) evoked a dose-related hypothermia, which was attenuated by SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 microinjected directly into the POAH. The inhibitory effect of SDF-1alpha/CXCL12 on WIN 55,212-2-induced hypothermia was reversed by 1,1'-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] octohydrobromide dihydrate, an antagonist of SDF-1alpha/CXCL12, acting at its receptor, CXCR4. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This study provides the first in vivo evidence for a thermoregulatory interaction between the HIV-1 co-receptor and the cannabinoid system in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Benamar
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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