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Yan Y, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Acharya AP, Wang W, Zhan CG, Ye J, Du F, Zhu X, Xu Y. Characterization of 2 Novel Phosphodiesterase 2 Inhibitors Hcyb1 and PF-05180999 on Depression- and Anxiety-Like Behavior. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 26:415-425. [PMID: 37208298 PMCID: PMC10289143 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) represents a novel target for new therapies addressing psychiatric disorders. To date, the development of PDE2A inhibitors suitable for human clinical evaluation has been hampered by the poor brain accessibility and metabolic stability of the available compounds. METHODS Corticosterone (CORT)-induced neuronal cell lesion and restraint stress mouse model were used to measure the neuroprotective effect in cells and antidepressant-like behavior in mice. RESULTS The cell-based assay showed that both Hcyb1 and PF were potent in protecting cells against stress hormone CORT insults by stimulating cAMP and cGMP signaling in hippocampal cells (HT-22). Administration of both compounds before treatment of CORT to cells increased cAMP/cGMP, VASP phosphorylation at Ser239 and Ser157, cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation at Ser133, and brain derived neurotrophic factor BDNF expression. Further in vivo study showed that both Hcyb1 and PF displayed -antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects against restraint stress as indicated by reduced immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension tasks as well as increased open arm entries and time spent in open arms and holes visit in elevated plus maze and hole-board tests, respectively. The biochemical study confirmed that these antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of Hcyb1 and PF were related to cAMP and cGMP signaling in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The results extend the previous studies and validate that PDE2A is a tractable target for drug development in the treatment of emotional disorders such as depression and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yuhan Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Abhinav P Acharya
- Chemical Engineering School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Arizona Center for Drug Discovery, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jianghong Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Fu Du
- FD NeuroTechnologies Consulting and Services, Inc., Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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2
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Melatonin alleviates PTSD-like behaviors and restores serum GABA and cortisol levels in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:259-269. [PMID: 36642730 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06312-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Melatonin is an endogenous hormone which modulates sleep-wake cycles. Previous studies have found a close correlation between melatonin and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a trauma- and stress-related psychiatric disorder with symptoms of sleep disturbance. However, it is still unclear if melatonin can have a therapeutic effect on PTSD. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin on foot shocks induced PTSD-like behaviors and abnormal neuroendocrine levels in mice. RESULTS As compared to no-shock controls, PTSD-like mice spent significantly more time freezing and displayed less rearing in a contextual fear test, spent significantly less time in and had fewer entries into open arms in an elevated maze test, and spent significantly less time in and had fewer entries into a light box in a light-dark transition task. In addition, serum GABA and cortisol levels were both found to be significantly decreased, whereas epinephrine levels were significantly increased in the PTSD-like mice. Our results showed that intraperitoneal injections of melatonin (2 mM, but not 0.2 nor 20 mM, 0.1 ml/day for two consecutive weeks) alleviated PTSD-like behaviors and restored serum GABA and cortisol levels. Further, it was found that melatonin receptor 1/2 antagonist luzindole significantly blocked the beneficial effects of melatonin for PTSD-like behaviors and serum GABA and cortisol levels, whereas melatonin receptor 2 antagonist 4-P-PDOT slightly blocked these effects. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that melatonin has a potential therapeutic effect on PTSD-like symptoms in mice, and melatonin receptor 1 mediated the effect.
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Effects of low doses of different nitric oxide (NO) donors in rat models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Nitric Oxide 2022; 129:1-7. [PMID: 36084795 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that the intra- and inter-cellular messenger nitric oxide (NO) is critically involved in anxiety. Contrasting findings are reported, however, regarding the effects of NO donors in preclinical models of anxiety. Previous research has shown that challenge with a low dose range of the NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and molsidomine induce anti-anxiety-like effects in rodents. There is poor information concerning the effects of these NO donors on preclinical models mimicking the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present research was designed to investigate this issue in the rat. To this end, the mCPP-induced excessive self-grooming and the contextual fear conditioning (CFC) test which are behavioural paradigms resembling OCD and PTSD respectively in rodents were used. Acute administration of SNP (1 mg/kg) and molsidomine (4 mg/kg) attenuated excessive self-grooming induced by the 5-HT2C receptor agonist mCPP (0.6 mg/kg). Further, at the same dosage, both these NO donors reduced freezing behaviour evidenced in the CFC test. The present results suggest that NO donors are efficacious in attenuating abnormal behaviours revealed in animal models of OCD and PTSD which are among the most severe pathologies of anxiety.
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4
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Zhu X, Li T, Hu E, Duan L, Zhang C, Wang Y, Tang T, Yang Z, Fan R. Proteomics Study Reveals the Anti-Depressive Mechanisms and the Compatibility Advantage of Chaihu-Shugan-San in a Rat Model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791097. [PMID: 35111057 PMCID: PMC8802092 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chaihu-Shugan-San is a classical prescription to treat depression. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, the 2 decomposed recipes in Chaihu-Shugan-San exert synergistic effects, including Shu Gan (stagnated Gan-Qi dispersion) and Rou Gan (Gan nourishment to alleviate pain). However, the specific mechanism of Chaihu-Shugan-San on depression and its compatibility rule remain to be explored. Objective: We aimed to explore the anti-depression mechanisms and analyze the advantage of TCM compatibility of Chaihu-Shugan-San. Methods: The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model was established. Antidepressant effects were evaluated by sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swimming test (FST). Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics of the hippocampus was used to obtain differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology (GO), pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks was utilized to study the DEPs connections. At last, the achieved key targets were verified by western blotting. Results: Chaihu-Shugan-San increased weight gain and food intake, as well as exhibited better therapeutic effects including enhanced sucrose preference and extended immobility time when compared with its decomposed recipes. Proteomics showed Chaihu-Shugan-San, Shu Gan, and Rou Gan regulated 110, 12, and 407 DEPs, respectively. Compared with Shu Gan or Rou Gan alone, the expression of 22 proteins was additionally changed by Chaihu-Shugan-San treatment, whereas the expression of 323 proteins whose expression was changed by Shu Gan or Rou Gan alone were not changed by Chaihu-Shugan-San treatment. Bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that Chaihu-Shugan-San affected neurotransmitter’s release and transmission cycle (e.g., γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, and acetylcholine). GABA release pathway is also targeted by the 22 DEPs. Unexpectedly, only 2 pathways were enriched by the 323 DEPs: Metabolism and Cellular responses to external stimuli. Lastly, the expression of Gad2, Vamp2, and Pde2a was verified by western blotting. Conclusions: Chaihu-Shugan-San treats depression via multiple targets and pathways, which may include regulations of 110 DEPs and some neurotransmitter’s transmission cycle. Compared with Shu Gan and Rou Gan, the 22 Chaihu-Shugan-San advanced proteins and the affected GABA pathway may be the advantages of Chaihu-Shugan-San compatibility. This research offers data and theory support for the clinical application of Chaihu-Shugan-San.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - En Hu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Duan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhaoyu Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Institute of Integrative Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central, South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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5
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Xi M, Sun T, Chai S, Xie M, Chen S, Deng L, Du K, Shen R, Sun H. Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase inhibitors for cognitive amelioration in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 232:114170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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6
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Kurelic R, Krieg PF, Sonner JK, Bhaiyan G, Ramos GC, Frantz S, Friese MA, Nikolaev VO. Upregulation of Phosphodiesterase 2A Augments T Cell Activation by Changing cGMP/cAMP Cross-Talk. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:748798. [PMID: 34675812 PMCID: PMC8523859 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.748798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is well-known for its diverse immunomodulatory properties, primarily inhibitory effects during T cell activation, proliferation, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A decrease in cAMP levels, due to the hydrolyzing activity of phosphodiesterases (PDE), is favoring inflammatory responses. This can be prevented by selective PDE inhibitors, which makes PDEs important therapeutic targets for autoimmune disorders. In this study, we investigated the specific roles of PDE2A and PDE3B in the regulation of intracellular cAMP levels in different mouse T cell subsets. Unexpectedly, T cell receptor (TCR) activation led to a selective upregulation of PDE2A at the protein level in conventional T cells (Tcon), whereas no changes were detected in regulatory T cells (Treg). In contrast, protein expression of PDE3B was significantly higher in both non-activated and activated Tcon subsets as compared to Treg, with no changes upon TCR engagement. Live-cell imaging of T cells expressing a highly sensitive Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor, Epac1-camps, has enabled cAMP measurements in real time and revealed stronger responses to the PDE2A inhibitors in activated vs non-activated Tcon. Importantly, stimulation of intracellular cGMP levels with natriuretic peptides led to an increase of cAMP in non-activated and a decrease of cAMP in activated Tcon, suggesting that TCR activation changes the PDE3B-dependent positive to PDE2A-dependent negative cGMP/cAMP cross-talk. Functionally, this switch induced higher expression of early activation markers CD25 and CD69. This constitutes a potentially interesting feed-forward mechanism during autoimmune and inflammatory responses that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Kurelic
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paula F Krieg
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana K Sonner
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gloria Bhaiyan
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gustavo C Ramos
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Heart Failure Centre, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav O Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Al-Nema MY, Gaurav A. Phosphodiesterase as a Target for Cognition Enhancement in Schizophrenia. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 20:2404-2421. [PMID: 32533817 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200613202641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder that affects more than 1% of the population worldwide. Dopamine system dysfunction and alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission are strongly implicated in the aetiology of schizophrenia. To date, antipsychotic drugs are the only available treatment for the symptoms of schizophrenia. These medications, which act as D2-receptor antagonist, adequately address the positive symptoms of the disease, but they fail to improve the negative symptoms and cognitive impairment. In schizophrenia, cognitive impairment is a core feature of the disorder. Therefore, the treatment of cognitive impairment and the other symptoms related to schizophrenia remains a significant unmet medical need. Currently, phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are considered the best drug target for the treatment of schizophrenia since many PDE subfamilies are abundant in the brain regions that are relevant to cognition. Thus, this review aims to illustrate the mechanism of PDEs in treating the symptoms of schizophrenia and summarises the encouraging results of PDE inhibitors as anti-schizophrenic drugs in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayasah Y Al-Nema
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anand Gaurav
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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8
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Chen L, Liu K, Wang Y, Liu N, Yao M, Hu J, Wang G, Sun Y, Pan J. Phosphodiesterase-2 inhibitor reverses post-traumatic stress induced fear memory deficits and behavioral changes via cAMP/cGMP pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 891:173768. [PMID: 33271150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2 is one of the phosphodiesterase (PDEs) family members that regulate cyclic nucleotide (namely cAMP and cGMP) concentrations. The present study determined whether PDE2 inhibition could rescue post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-like symptoms. Mice were subjected to single prolonged stress (SPS) and treated with selective PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 (0.3, 1, or 3 mg/kg, i.p.). The behavioral tests such as forced swimming, sucrose preference test, open field, elevated plus maze, and contextual fear paradigm were conducted to determine the effects of Bay 60-7550 on SPS-induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior and fear memory deficits. The results suggested that Bay 60-7550 reversed SPS-induced depression- and anxiety-like behavior and fear memory deficits. Moreover, Bay 60-7550 prevented SPS-induced changes in the adrenal gland index, synaptic proteins synaptophysin and PSD95 expression, PKA, PKG, pCREB, and BDNF levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. These effects were completely prevented by PKG inhibitor KT5823. While PKA inhibitor H89 also prevented Bay 60-7550-induced pCREB and BDNF expression, but only partially prevented the effects on PSD95 expression in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that Bay 60-7550 protects mice against PTSD-like stress induced traumatic injury by activation of cGMP- or cAMP-related neuroprotective molecules, such as synaptic proteins, pCREB and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, PR China; Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Kaiping Liu
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yulu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Traditional Medical Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Minjie Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, The People's Hospital of Yichun City, Yichun, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jinlan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Minhang TCM Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, PR China.
| | - Yindi Sun
- Department of Traditional Medical Orthopedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
| | - Jianchun Pan
- Brain Institute, School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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9
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Hockley A, Berger JI, Palmer AR, Wallace MN. Nitric oxide increases gain in the ventral cochlear nucleus of guinea pigs with tinnitus. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 52:4057-4080. [PMID: 32686192 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has led to the hypothesis that, during the production of noise-induced tinnitus, higher levels of nitric oxide (NO), in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN), increase the gain applied to a reduced input from the cochlea. To test this hypothesis, we noise-exposed 26 guinea pigs, identified evidence of tinnitus in 12 of them and then compared the effects of an iontophoretically applied NO donor or production inhibitor on VCN single unit activity. We confirmed that the mean driven firing rate for the tinnitus and control groups was the same while it had fallen in the non-tinnitus group. By contrast, the mean spontaneous rate had increased for the tinnitus group relative to the control group, while it remained the same for the non-tinnitus group. A greater proportion of units responded to exogenously applied NO in the tinnitus (56%) and non-tinnitus groups (71%) than a control population (24%). In the tinnitus group, endogenous NO facilitated the driven firing rate in 37% (7/19) of neurons and appeared to bring the mean driven rate back up to control levels by a mechanism involving N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. By contrast, in the non-tinnitus group, endogenous NO only facilitated the driven firing rate in 5% (1/22) of neurons and there was no facilitation of driven rate in the control group. The effects of endogenous NO on spontaneous activity were unclear. These results suggest that NO is involved in increasing the gain applied to driven activity, but other factors are also involved in the increase in spontaneous activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hockley
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Otolaryngology, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel I Berger
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alan R Palmer
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark N Wallace
- Medical Research Council Institute of Hearing Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Maurin T, Melancia F, Jarjat M, Castro L, Costa L, Delhaye S, Khayachi A, Castagnola S, Mota E, Di Giorgio A, Servadio M, Drozd M, Poupon G, Schiavi S, Sardone L, Azoulay S, Ciranna L, Martin S, Vincent P, Trezza V, Bardoni B. Involvement of Phosphodiesterase 2A Activity in the Pathophysiology of Fragile X Syndrome. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3241-3252. [PMID: 30137253 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein involved in translational regulation of mRNAs that play key roles in synaptic morphology and plasticity. The functional absence of FMRP causes the fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and the most common monogenic cause of autism. No effective treatment is available for FXS. We recently identified the Phosphodiesterase 2A (Pde2a) mRNA as a prominent target of FMRP. PDE2A enzymatic activity is increased in the brain of Fmr1-KO mice, a recognized model of FXS, leading to decreased levels of cAMP and cGMP. Here, we pharmacologically inhibited PDE2A in Fmr1-KO mice and observed a rescue both of the maturity of dendritic spines and of the exaggerated hippocampal mGluR-dependent long-term depression. Remarkably, PDE2A blockade rescued the social and communicative deficits of both mouse and rat Fmr1-KO animals. Importantly, chronic inhibition of PDE2A in newborn Fmr1-KO mice followed by a washout interval, resulted in the rescue of the altered social behavior observed in adolescent mice. Altogether, these results reveal the key role of PDE2A in the physiopathology of FXS and suggest that its pharmacological inhibition represents a novel therapeutic approach for FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Maurin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.,CNRS LIA «Neogenex», Valbonne, France
| | | | - Marielle Jarjat
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.,CNRS LIA «Neogenex», Valbonne, France
| | - Liliana Castro
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France.,Labex BioPsy, Paris, France
| | - Lara Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sébastien Delhaye
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.,CNRS LIA «Neogenex», Valbonne, France
| | | | - Sara Castagnola
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.,CNRS LIA «Neogenex», Valbonne, France
| | - Elia Mota
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France.,Labex BioPsy, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Di Giorgio
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Nice, France
| | | | - Malgorzata Drozd
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.,CNRS LIA «Neogenex», Valbonne, France
| | | | - Sara Schiavi
- Department of Sciences, Università RomaTre, Roma, Italy
| | - Lara Sardone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stéphane Azoulay
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Lucia Ciranna
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stéphane Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | - Pierre Vincent
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France.,Labex BioPsy, Paris, France
| | | | - Barbara Bardoni
- CNRS LIA «Neogenex», Valbonne, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
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11
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Repeated but not acute exposure with a low dose range of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induces anxiolytic-like behaviour in a dose-independent manner in two different rat models of anxiety. Nitric Oxide 2020; 99:1-6. [PMID: 32194244 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a nitric oxide (NO) donor which actually is under assessment as a potential candidate for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is well documented that anxiety symptoms are a prominent future in various psychiatric diseases comprising schizophrenia. Prior research has shown that acute challenge with SNP (1-3 mg/kg) induced anti-anxiety effects in rats but these effects at high doses were confounded by sedation and were disappeared after repeated application of it. It is still unknown if administration of a lower SNP dose range, either acutely or sub-chronically, could induce anxiolytic-like behaviour. The present study was designed to investigate this issue in rats. For this aim, the light/dark and the open field tests were used. Acute challenge with SNP (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, 30 min before testing) did not affect rodents' performance in the above mentioned behavioural paradigms. Conversely, rats treated sub-chronically with SNP (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg, once per day, for 5 consecutive days), displayed longer time spent in the light chamber of the light/dark box and in the central area of the open field with respect to their vehicle-treated counterparts. Interestingly, SNP did not influence the first latency to enter the dark chamber and the number of transitions between the light and dark compartments of the apparatus in the light/dark test and did not modify the number of squares crossed, grooming episodes and rearings in the open field test. Finally, acute administration of SNP (0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, 10 min before testing) also did not influence rats' performance in the light/dark test. The present results indicate that short-term repeated but not acute application of a range of low doses of the NO donor SNP in a dose-independent manner induced an anti-anxiety behaviour in the rat which was not accompanied by undesired effects.
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Duarte-Silva E, Filho AJMC, Barichello T, Quevedo J, Macedo D, Peixoto C. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: Shedding new light on the darkness of depression? J Affect Disord 2020; 264:138-149. [PMID: 32056743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) are used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). Recently, the antidepressant-like effect of PDE5Is was demonstrated in animal models of depression. In clinical settings, PDE5Is were studied only for ED associated depression. Hence, there are no studies evaluating the effects of PDE5Is for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) without ED. In this review article, we aimed to discuss the use of PDE5Is in the context of MDD, highlighting the roles of PDE genes in the development of MDD, the potential mechanisms by which PDE5Is can be beneficial for MDD and the potentials and limitations of PDE5Is repurposing to treat MDD. METHODS We used PubMed (MEDLINE) database to collect the studies cited in this review. Papers written in English language regardless the year of publication were selected. RESULTS A few preclinical studies support the antidepressant-like activity of PDE5Is. Clinical studies in men with ED and depression suggest that PDE5Is improve depressive symptoms. No clinical studies were conducted in subjects suffering from depression without ED. Antidepressant effect of PDE5Is may be explained by multiple mechanisms including inhibition of brain inflammation and modulation of neuroplasticity. LIMITATIONS The low number of preclinical and absence of clinical studies to support the antidepressant effect of PDE5Is. CONCLUSIONS No clinical trial was conducted to date evaluating PDE5Is in depressed patients without ED. PDE5Is' anti-inflammatory and neuroplasticity mechanisms may justify the potential antidepressant effect of these drugs. Despite this, clinical trials evaluating their efficacy in depressed patients need to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Adriano José Maia Chaves Filho
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - João Quevedo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1941 East Road, Houston, TX 77054, United States; Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina-UNESC, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Drug Research and Development Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Christina Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE), Recife, PE, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Nami M, Mehrabi S, Kamali AM, Kazemiha M, Carvalho J, Derman S, Lakey-Betia J, Vasquez V, Kosagisharaf R. A New Hypothesis on Anxiety, Sleep Insufficiency, and Viral Infections; Reciprocal Links to Consider in Today's "World vs. COVID-19" Endeavors. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:585893. [PMID: 33250794 PMCID: PMC7674554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.585893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In today's ever-growing concerns about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, many experience sleep insufficiencies, such as difficulty falling or staying asleep, sleep-related behavioral symptoms, and out-of-phase circadian rhythmicity despite the lack of history of earlier such symptoms. Meanwhile, the disruption in sleep bioparameters is experienced more in people with a history of sleep disorders. The behavioral sleep disorders in the current situations are prevalent given the today's amount of anxiety everyone is feeling about COVID-19. On the other hand, evidences indicated that the cross-link between impaired sleep efficiency and disrupted innate immunity makes people susceptible to viral infections. The present brief review highlights the links between psychosocial stress, sleep insufficiency, and susceptibility to viral infections in relevance to COVID-19 situation. The stress management measures, including addressing sleep-related disorders and sleep hygiene, will have a notable impact by harnessing immune response and thus reducing the susceptibility to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Nami
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Dana Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz, Iran.,Academy of Health, Senses Cultural Foundation, Sacramento, CA, United States.,Neuroscience Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama.,Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Samrad Mehrabi
- Sleep Disorders Laboratory, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali-Mohammad Kamali
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Dana Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Milad Kazemiha
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Dana Brain Health Institute, Iranian Neuroscience Society-Fars Chapter, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sabri Derman
- Sleep Disorders Unit, American Hospital, Koc Foundation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Johant Lakey-Betia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Drug Discovery, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Velmarini Vasquez
- Neuroscience Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama
| | - Rao Kosagisharaf
- Neuroscience Center, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panama City, Panama
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Giesen J, Füchtbauer EM, Füchtbauer A, Funke K, Koesling D, Russwurm M. AMPA Induces NO-Dependent cGMP Signals in Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons via L-Type Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels. Cereb Cortex 2019; 30:2128-2143. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling cascade has an established role in synaptic plasticity. However, with conventional methods, the underlying cGMP signals were barely detectable. Here, we set out to confirm the well-known NMDA-induced cGMP increases, to test the impact of AMPA on those signals, and to identify the relevant phosphodiesterases (PDEs) using a more sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based method. Therefore, a “knock-in” mouse was generated that expresses a FRET-based cGMP indicator (cGi-500) allowing detection of cGMP concentrations between 100 nM and 3 μM. Measurements were performed in cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons as well as acute hippocampal slices. In hippocampal and cortical neurons, NMDA elicited cGMP signals half as high as the ones elicited by exogenous NO. Interestingly, AMPA increased cGMP independently of NMDA receptors and dependent on NO synthase (NOS) activation. NMDA- and AMPA-induced cGMP signals were not additive indicating that both pathways converge on the level of NOS. Accordingly, the same PDEs, PDE1 and PDE2, were responsible for degradation of NMDA- as well as AMPA-induced cGMP signals. Mechanistically, AMPAR induced calcium influx through L-type voltage-gated calcium channels leading to NOS and finally NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase activation. Our results demonstrate that in addition to NMDA also AMPA triggers endogenous NO formation and hence cGMP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Giesen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ernst-Martin Füchtbauer
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Annette Füchtbauer
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Funke
- Department of Neurophysiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Doris Koesling
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Russwurm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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15
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Moreno-Rius J. The cerebellum under stress. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 54:100774. [PMID: 31348932 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric conditions are one of the main causes of disability in developed countries. They account for a large portion of resource investment in stress-related disorders, become chronic, and remain difficult to treat. Research on the neurobehavioral effects of stress reveals how changes in certain brain areas, mediated by a number of neurochemical messengers, markedly alter behavior. The cerebellum is connected with stress-related brain areas and expresses the machinery required to process stress-related neurochemical mediators. Surprisingly, it is not regarded as a substrate of stress-related behavioral alterations, despite numerous studies that show cerebellar responsivity to stress. Therefore, this review compiles those studies and proposes a hypothesis for cerebellar function in stressful conditions, relating it to stress-induced psychopathologies. It aims to provide a clearer picture of stress-related neural circuitry and stimulate cerebellum-stress research. Consequently, it might contribute to the development of improved treatment strategies for stress-related disorders.
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Chen L, Cui S, Yu H, Li G, Liu N, Wu Q, Zhang HT, O'Donnell JM, Wang G, Xu Y. Reduced phosphodiesterase-2 activity in the amygdala results in anxiolytic-like effects on behavior in mice. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:568-576. [PMID: 30835157 DOI: 10.1177/0269881119832753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) is a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and is highly expressed in the amygdala, which suggests its important role in anxiety-like behavior. AIMS The present study examined whether reduced PDE2A expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) produces anxiolytic-like effects in mice. METHODS PDE2A knockdown in amygdaloid (AR5) cells or the CeA was established using a lentiviral vector-based siRNA system. The anxiety-like behaviors were detected by the elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole-board tests in mice. The related proteins involved in cAMP/cGMP-dependent signaling, such as specific marker VASPser239, CREBser133 and BDNF were detected by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS PDE2A inhibition in AR-5 cells resulted in increases in cAMP/cGMP-related pVASPser239 and pCREBser133. Behavioral tests showed that PDE2A knockdown in the CeA induced anxiolytic-like effects as evidenced by the increases in percentages of open-arm entries and time spent in the open arms in the EPM test, and the increases in head dips and time spent in head dipping in the hole-board test. However, these anxiolytic-like effects were antagonized by pre-treatment of soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ or adenylate cyclase inhibitor SQ. Furthermore, PDE2A knockdown significantly increased pVASPSer239, pCREBSer133 and decreased BDNF expression in the amygdala. Pre-intra-CeA of ODQ or SQ reversed or partially prevented the effects of PDE2A knockdown on these proteins. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PDE2A plays a crucial role in the regulation of anxiety by the cGMP/cAMP-dependent pVASP-pCREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Suying Cui
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,3 Department of Pharmacology, Peking University Health Sciences Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gaowen Li
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Na Liu
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Wu
- 4 Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- 4 Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- 1 Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying Xu
- 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Shi J, Liu H, Pan J, Chen J, Zhang N, Liu K, Fei N, O'Donnell JM, Zhang HT, Xu Y. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 by Bay 60-7550 decreases ethanol intake and preference in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2377-2385. [PMID: 29876622 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4934-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a chronically relapsing condition, which affects nearly 11% of population worldwide. Currently, there are only three FDA-approved medications for treatment of AUD, and normally, satisfactory effects are hard to be achieved. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been implicated in regulation of ethanol intake. Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE), a dual substrate PDE that hydrolyzes both cAMP and cGMP, may play a crucial role in regulating ethanol consumption. METHODS The present study determined whether PDE2 was involved in the regulation of ethanol intake and preference. The two-bottle choice procedure was used to examine the effects of the selective PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 on ethanol intake. The sucrose and quinine intake (taste preference) and locomotor activity (sedative effects) were also measured to exclude the false positive effects of Bay 60-7550. RESULTS Treatment with Bay 60-7550 (1 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) decreased ethanol intake and preference, without changing total fluid intake. In addition, Bay 60-7550 at doses that reduced ethanol intake did not affect sucrose and quinine intake and preference, which excluded the potential influence of taste preference and sedative effects on ethanol drinking behavior. Moreover, Bay 60-7550 at 3 mg/kg did not alter locomotor activity or ethanol metabolism, further supporting the specific effect of Bay 60-7550 on ethanol drinking behavior. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that PDE2 plays a role in the regulation of ethanol consumption and that PDE2 inhibitors may be a novel class of drugs for treatment of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huaxia Liu
- School of Nursing, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianchun Pan
- Brain Institute, Wenzhou Medical University School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Brain Institute, Wenzhou Medical University School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Nianping Zhang
- Datong University Medical College, Datong, 037009, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Kaiping Liu
- Brain Institute, Wenzhou Medical University School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ning Fei
- Brain Institute, Wenzhou Medical University School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou, 325021, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, 271016, Shandong, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Pitsikas N. The role of nitric oxide (NO) donors in anxiety. Lights and shadows. Nitric Oxide 2018; 77:6-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Liu L, Zheng J, Huang XF, Zhu X, Ding SM, Ke HM, O'Donnell JM, Zhang HT, Song GQ, Xu Y. The neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects of Hcyb1, a novel selective PDE2 inhibitor. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:652-660. [PMID: 29704309 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Depression is currently the most common mood disorder. Regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling by phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition has been paid much attention for treatment of depression. This study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Hcyb1, a novel PDE2 inhibitor, in HT-22 cells and antidepressant-like effects in mouse models of depression. METHODS Hcyb1 was synthesized and its selectivity upon PDE2 was tested. Moreover, HT-22 hippocampal cells were used to determine the effects of Hcyb1 on cell viability, cyclic nucleotide levels, and the downstream molecules related to cAMP/cGMP signaling by neurochemical, enzyme-linked immunosorbent, and immunoblot assays in vitro. The antidepressant-like effects of Hcyb1 were also determined in the forced swimming and tail suspension tests in mice. RESULTS Hcyb1 had a highly selective inhibition of PDE2A (IC50 = 0.57 ± 0.03 μmol/L) and over 250-fold selectivity against other recombinant PDE family members. Hcyb1 at concentrations of 10-10 and 10-9 mol/L significantly increased cell viability after treatment for 24 hours. At concentrations of 10-9 ~10-7 mol/L, Hcyb1 also increased cGMP levels by 1.7~2.3 folds after 10-minute treatment. Furthermore, Hcyb1 at the concentrations of 10-9 mol/L increased both cGMP and cAMP levels 24 hours after treatment. The levels of phosphorylation of CREB and BDNF were also increased by Hcyb1 treatment in HT-22 cells for 24 hours. Finally, in the in vivo tests, Hcyb1 (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg, i.g.) decreased the immobility time in both forced swimming and tail suspension tests, without altering locomotor activity. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the novel PDE2 inhibitor Hcyb1 produced neuroprotective and antidepressant-like effects most likely mediated by cAMP/cGMP-CREB-BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xian-Feng Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shu-Ming Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Heng-Ming Ke
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology, Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, West Virginia University Health Science Center, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Life Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Diana MC, Peres FF, Justi V, Bressan RA, Lacerda ALT, Crippa JA, Hallak JEC, Abilio VC. Sodium nitroprusside is effective in preventing and/or reversing the development of schizophrenia-related behaviors in an animal model: The SHR strain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:624-632. [PMID: 29656549 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The treatment of schizophrenia with antipsychotics is still unsatisfactory. Therefore, the search for new treatments and prevention is crucial, and animal models are fundamental tools for this objective. Preclinical and clinical data evidence the antipsychotic profile of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a nitric oxide (NO) donor. We aimed to investigate SNP in treating and/or preventing the schizophrenia-related behaviors presented by the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) strain. METHODS Wistar rats (WR) and SHRs were submitted to two schemes of treatment: (i) a single injection of SNP or vehicle in adulthood; (ii) a long-term early treatment from 30 to 60 postnatal day with SNP or vehicle. The following behaviors were evaluated 24 hours after the acute treatment or 30 days after the long-term treatment: locomotion, social interaction, and contextual fear conditioning. RESULTS Spontaneously hypertensive rats presented hyperlocomotion, decreased social interaction, and impaired contextual fear conditioning. Single injection of SNP decreased social interaction in both strains and induced a deficit in contextual fear conditioning in WR. Oppositely, early treatment with SNP prevented the behavioral abnormalities in adult SHRs without promoting any effects in WR. CONCLUSION Our preclinical data point to SNP as a preventive and safe strategy with a broad range of effectiveness to the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Diana
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Fernanda F Peres
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Veronica Justi
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Acioly L T Lacerda
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,LiNC-Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Alexandre Crippa
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaime E C Hallak
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.,Department of Neurosciences and Behaviour, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanesssa Costhek Abilio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Peng T, Gong J, Jin Y, Zhou Y, Tong R, Wei X, Bai L, Shi J. Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase as cancer therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:742-756. [PMID: 29574203 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of enzymes that hydrolyze cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) which is involved in many physiological processes including visual transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell-cycle regulation, gene expression, inflammation, apoptosis, and metabolic function. PDEs are composed of 11 different families and each family contains different subtypes. The distribution, expression, regulation mode and sensitivity to inhibitors of each subtype are different, and they are involved in cancer, inflammation, asthma, depression, erectile dysfunction and other pathological processes of development. A large number of studies have shown that PDEs play an important role in the development of tumors by affecting the intracellular level of cAMP and/or cGMP and PDEs could become diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. This review will give a brief overview of the expression and regulation of PDE families in the process of tumorigenesis and their anti-tumor inhibitors, which may guide the design of novel therapeutic drugs targeting PDEs for anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Peng
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yongzhe Jin
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yanping Zhou
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rongsheng Tong
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jianyou Shi
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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22
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Schröder S, Wenzel B, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Kranz M, Scheunemann M, Egerland U, Höfgen N, Briel D, Steinbach J, Brust P. Investigation of an 18F-labelled Imidazopyridotriazine for Molecular Imaging of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 2A. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030556. [PMID: 29498659 PMCID: PMC6017663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific radioligands for in vivo visualization and quantification of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) by positron emission tomography (PET) are increasingly gaining interest in brain research. Herein we describe the synthesis, the 18F-labelling as well as the biological evaluation of our latest PDE2A (radio-)ligand 9-(5-Butoxy-2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-([18F])fluoroethoxy)-7-methylimidazo[5,1-c]pyrido[2,3-e][1,2,4]triazine (([18F])TA5). It is the most potent PDE2A ligand out of our series of imidazopyridotriazine-based derivatives so far (IC50 hPDE2A = 3.0 nM; IC50 hPDE10A > 1000 nM). Radiolabelling was performed in a one-step procedure starting from the corresponding tosylate precursor. In vitro autoradiography on rat and pig brain slices displayed a homogenous and non-specific binding of the radioligand. Investigation of stability in vivo by reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) analyses of plasma and brain samples obtained from mice revealed a high fraction of one main radiometabolite. Hence, we concluded that [18F]TA5 is not appropriate for molecular imaging of PDE2A neither in vitro nor in vivo. Our ongoing work is focusing on further structurally modified compounds with enhanced metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-234-179-4631
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Ute Egerland
- BioCrea GmbH, Radebeul 01445, Germany; (U.E.); (N.H.)
| | | | - Detlef Briel
- Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig 04103, Germany;
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Leipzig 04318, Germany; (B.W.); (W.D.-C.); (R.T.); (M.K.); (M.S.); (J.S.); (P.B.)
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23
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Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Frinchi M, Mudò G, Serio RM, Belluardo N, Buccella S, Carluccio M, Condorelli DF, Caciagli F, Ciccarelli R, Di Iorio P. Uncovering the Signaling Pathway behind Extracellular Guanine-Induced Activation of NO System: New Perspectives in Memory-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:110. [PMID: 29515443 PMCID: PMC5826394 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests that the guanine-based purines stand out as key player in cell metabolism and in several models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Guanosine (GUO) and guanine (GUA) are extracellular signaling molecules derived from the breakdown of the correspondent nucleotide, GTP, and their intracellular and extracellular levels are regulated by the fine-tuned activity of two major enzymes, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and guanine deaminase (GDA). Noteworthy, GUO and GUA, seem to play opposite roles in the modulation of cognitive functions, such as learning and memory. Indeed GUO, despite exerting neuroprotective, anti-apoptotic and neurotrophic effects, causes a decay of cognitive activities, whereas GUA administration in rats results in working memory improvement (prevented by L-NAME pre-treatment). This study was designed to investigate, in a model of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line, the signal transduction pathway activated by extracellular GUA. Altogether, our results showed that: (i) in addition to an enhanced phosphorylation of ASK1, p38 and JNK, likely linked to a non-massive and transient ROS production, the PKB/NO/sGC/cGMP/PKG/ERK cascade seems to be the main signaling pathway elicited by extracellular GUA; (ii) the activation of this pathway occurs in a pertussis-toxin sensitive manner, thus suggesting the involvement of a putative G protein coupled receptor; (iii) the GUA-induced NO production, strongly reduced by cell pre-treatment with L-NAME, is negatively modulated by the EPAC-cAMP-CaMKII pathway, which causes the over-expression of GDA that, in turn, reduces the levels of GUA. These molecular mechanisms activated by GUA may be useful to support our previous observation showing that GUA improves learning and memory functions through the stimulation of NO signaling pathway, and underscore the therapeutic potential of oral administration of guanine for treating memory-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Monica Frinchi
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppa Mudò
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Natale Belluardo
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Silvana Buccella
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Caciagli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Di Iorio
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Università degli Studi “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Ce.S.I., “G. d’Annunzio” University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
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24
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The Role of Phosphodiesterase-2 in Psychiatric and Neurodegenerative Disorders. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 17:307-347. [PMID: 28956338 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide PDEs are a super-family of enzymes responsible for regulating intracellular levels of the second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Through their catalysis, PDEs are able to exert tight regulation over these important intracellular signaling cascades. Previously, PDEs have been implicated in learning and memory, as well as in mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. PDE2 is of special interest due to its high level of expression in the forebrain, specifically in the isocortex, entorhinal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, and medial habenula. Many of these brain regions are considered participants of the limbic system, which is known as the emotional regulatory center of the brain, and is important for modulating emotion and long-term memory. Therefore, PDE2s coincidental expression in these areas suggests an important role for PDE2 in these behaviors, and researchers are continuing to uncover the complex connections. It was shown that PDE2 inhibitors have pro-cognitive effects in tests of memory, including the object recognition test. PDE2 inhibitors are also protective against cognitive deficits in various models of cognitive impairment. Additionally, PDE2 inhibitors are protective against many different forms of stress-induced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors. Currently, there is a great need for novel therapeutics for the treatment of mood and cognitive disorders, especially anxiety and depression, and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and PDE2 is emerging as a viable target for future drug development for many of these diseases.
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25
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Helal CJ, Arnold E, Boyden T, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fisher E, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Pandit J, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, McGinnis D, O'Connor RE, O'Donnell CJ, Ogden A, Piotrowski M, Schmidt CJ, Seymour PA, Ueno H, Vansell N, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Identification of a Potent, Highly Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor Clinical Candidate. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1001-1018. [PMID: 29293004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Computational modeling was used to direct the synthesis of analogs of previously reported phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitor 1 with an imidazotriazine core to yield compounds of significantly enhanced potency. The analog PF-05180999 (30) was subsequently identified as a preclinical candidate targeting cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia. Compound 30 demonstrated potent binding to PDE2A in brain tissue, dose responsive mouse brain cGMP increases, and reversal of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist-induced (MK-801, ketamine) effects in electrophysiology and working memory models in rats. Preclinical pharmacokinetics revealed unbound brain/unbound plasma levels approaching unity and good oral bioavailability resulting in an average concentration at steady state (Cav,ss) predicted human dose of 30 mg once daily (q.d.). Modeling of a modified release formulation suggested that 25 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) could maintain plasma levels of 30 at or above targeted efficacious plasma levels for 24 h, which became part of the human clinical plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric Arnold
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracey Boyden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas A Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ethan Fisher
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John F Harms
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William E Hoffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robin J Kleiman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bethany L Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laura McDowell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Dina McGinnis
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Rebecca E O'Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Adam Ogden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Piotrowski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patricia A Seymour
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Hirokazu Ueno
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nichole Vansell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward X Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development , Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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26
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Orfanidou MA, Lafioniatis A, Trevlopoulou A, Touzlatzi N, Pitsikas N. Acute and repeated exposure with the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) differentially modulate responses in a rat model of anxiety. Nitric Oxide 2017; 69:56-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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27
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Helal CJ, Arnold EP, Boyden TL, Chang C, Chappie TA, Fennell KF, Forman MD, Hajos M, Harms JF, Hoffman WE, Humphrey JM, Kang Z, Kleiman RJ, Kormos BL, Lee CW, Lu J, Maklad N, McDowell L, Mente S, O’Connor RE, Pandit J, Piotrowski M, Schmidt AW, Schmidt CJ, Ueno H, Verhoest PR, Yang EX. Application of Structure-Based Design and Parallel Chemistry to Identify a Potent, Selective, and Brain Penetrant Phosphodiesterase 2A Inhibitor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5673-5698. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eric P. Arnold
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tracey L. Boyden
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cheng Chang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thomas A. Chappie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kimberly F. Fennell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael D. Forman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mihaly Hajos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John F. Harms
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William E. Hoffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M. Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Zhijun Kang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robin J. Kleiman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Bethany L. Kormos
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Che-Wah Lee
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jiemin Lu
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Noha Maklad
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Laura McDowell
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Scot Mente
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rebecca E. O’Connor
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jayvardhan Pandit
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mary Piotrowski
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne W. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christopher J. Schmidt
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hirokazu Ueno
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Patrick R. Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, 610 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edward X. Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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28
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Vettel C, Lindner M, Dewenter M, Lorenz K, Schanbacher C, Riedel M, Lämmle S, Meinecke S, Mason FE, Sossalla S, Geerts A, Hoffmann M, Wunder F, Brunner FJ, Wieland T, Mehel H, Karam S, Lechêne P, Leroy J, Vandecasteele G, Wagner M, Fischmeister R, El-Armouche A. Phosphodiesterase 2 Protects Against Catecholamine-Induced Arrhythmia and Preserves Contractile Function After Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2017; 120:120-132. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Phosphodiesterase 2 is a dual substrate esterase, which has the unique property to be stimulated by cGMP, but primarily hydrolyzes cAMP. Myocardial phosphodiesterase 2 is upregulated in human heart failure, but its role in the heart is unknown.
Objective:
To explore the role of phosphodiesterase 2 in cardiac function, propensity to arrhythmia, and myocardial infarction.
Methods and Results:
Pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 (BAY 60–7550, BAY) led to a significant positive chronotropic effect on top of maximal β-adrenoceptor activation in healthy mice. Under pathological conditions induced by chronic catecholamine infusions, BAY reversed both the attenuated β-adrenoceptor–mediated inotropy and chronotropy. Conversely, ECG telemetry in heart-specific phosphodiesterase 2-transgenic (TG) mice showed a marked reduction in resting and in maximal heart rate, whereas cardiac output was completely preserved because of greater cardiac contraction. This well-tolerated phenotype persisted in elderly TG with no indications of cardiac pathology or premature death. During arrhythmia provocation induced by catecholamine injections, TG animals were resistant to triggered ventricular arrhythmias. Accordingly, Ca
2+
-spark analysis in isolated TG cardiomyocytes revealed remarkably reduced Ca
2+
leakage and lower basal phosphorylation levels of Ca
2+
-cycling proteins including ryanodine receptor type 2. Moreover, TG demonstrated improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction.
Conclusions:
Endogenous phosphodiesterase 2 contributes to heart rate regulation. Greater phosphodiesterase 2 abundance protects against arrhythmias and improves contraction force after severe ischemic insult. Activating myocardial phosphodiesterase 2 may, thus, represent a novel intracellular antiadrenergic therapeutic strategy protecting the heart from arrhythmia and contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Vettel
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Marta Lindner
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Matthias Dewenter
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Kristina Lorenz
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Constanze Schanbacher
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Merle Riedel
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Simon Lämmle
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Simone Meinecke
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Fleur E. Mason
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Andreas Geerts
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Frank Wunder
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Fabian J. Brunner
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Thomas Wieland
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Hind Mehel
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Sarah Karam
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Patrick Lechêne
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Jérôme Leroy
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Grégoire Vandecasteele
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Michael Wagner
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Rodolphe Fischmeister
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany (C.V., T.W.); Institute of Pharmacology, University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG) Heart Center, Georg August University Medical School Göttingen, Germany (C.V., M.D., M.R., S.M.); UMR-S 1180, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France (M.L., H.M., S.K., P.L., J.L., G.V., R.F.); Department of Molecular Cardiology and
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Snyder GL, Vanover KE. PDE Inhibitors for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2017; 17:385-409. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58811-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Soares LM, Meyer E, Milani H, Steinbusch HWM, Prickaerts J, de Oliveira RMW. The phosphodiesterase type 2 inhibitor BAY 60-7550 reverses functional impairments induced by brain ischemia by decreasing hippocampal neurodegeneration and enhancing hippocampal neuronal plasticity. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 45:510-520. [PMID: 27813297 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive and affective impairments are the most characterized consequences following cerebral ischemia. BAY 60-7550, a selective phosphodiesterase type 2 inhibitor (PDE2-I), presents memory-enhancing and anxiolytic-like properties. The behavioral effects of BAY 60-7550 have been associated with its ability to prevent hydrolysis of both cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) thereby interfering with neuronal plasticity. Here, we hypothesize that PDE2-I treatment could promote functional recovery after brain ischemia. Mice C57Bl/6 were submitted to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO), an experimental model of transient brain ischemia, for 20 min. During 21 days after reperfusion, the animals were tested in a battery of behavioral tests including the elevated zero maze (EZM), object location task (OLT) and forced swim test (FST). The effects of BAY 60-7550 were evaluated on neuronal nuclei (NeuN), caspase-9, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), phosphorylated CREB (pCREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. BCCAO increased anxiety levels, impaired hippocampus-dependent cognitive function and induced despair-like behavior in mice. Hippocampal neurodegeneration was evidenced by a decrease in NeuN and increase incaspase-9 protein levels in BCCAO mice. Ischemic mice also showed low BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus. Repeated treatment with BAY 60-7550 attenuated the behavioral impairments induced by BCCAO in mice. Concomitantly, BAY 60-7550 enhanced expression of pCREB and BDNF protein levels in the hippocampus of ischemic mice. The present findings suggest that chronic inhibition of PDE2 provides functional recovery in BCCAO mice possibly by augmenting hippocampal neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Mendes Soares
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Erika Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Humberto Milani
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Harry W M Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rúbia M Weffort de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, CEP 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDE) are exciting new targets in medical sciences. These enzymes are some of the key mediators of cellular functions in the body and hence are attractive sites for drug-induced modulations. With the finding that Tofisopam, a new anxiolytic, inhibits PDEs, the authors were inspired to look into the role of PDE and drugs acting on them in psychiatry. Hence, the review was undertaken. We found several research materials available highlighting the role of PDE in cellular functions and the possible newer etiological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric illnesses such as schizophrenia, depression/anxiety disorders, and cognitive dysfunction involving PDEs. We also found that there are many molecules acting on PDEs, which have the potential to alter the way we treat mental illnesses today. This article is intended to provide an in-depth look at these enzymes so that more cost-effective therapeutic molecules may be synthesized and marketed in India for managing mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantmeghna S Murthy
- Department of Psychiatry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ajish G Mangot
- Department of Psychiatry, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Karad, Satara, Maharashtra, India
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Trabanco AA, Buijnsters P, Rombouts FJR. Towards selective phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) inhibitors: a patent review (2010 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:933-46. [PMID: 27321640 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are ubiquitous intracellular second messengers regulating a large variety of biological processes. The intracellular concentration of these biologically relevant molecules is modulated by the activity of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), a class of enzymes that is grouped in 11 families. The expression of PDEs is tissue- and cell-specific allowing spatiotemporal integration of multiple signaling cascades. PDE2A is a dual substrate enzyme and is expressed in both the periphery and in the central nervous system, however its expression is highest in the brain, where it is mainly localized in the cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. This suggests that this enzyme may regulate intraneuronal cGMP and cAMP levels in brain areas involved in emotion, perception, concentration, learning and memory. AREAS COVERED This review covers the patent applications published between January 2010 and February 2016 on phosphodiesterase 2A inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Recent publications in the literature and in filed patent applications demonstrate the interest of pharmaceutical companies for PDE2A. This has increased the insights of its possible therapeutic role but the few clinical trials were terminated. Based on the ongoing interest in the field it is likely that new clinical trials can be expected and will unravel the therapeutic potential of PDE2A inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés A Trabanco
- a A Division of Janssen-Cilag S.A., Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry Department , Janssen Research and Development , Toledo , Spain
| | - Peter Buijnsters
- b A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry Department , Janssen Research and Development , Beerse , Belgium
| | - Frederik J R Rombouts
- b A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry Department , Janssen Research and Development , Beerse , Belgium
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Novel Radioligands for Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography: An Update on Developments Since 2012. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050650. [PMID: 27213312 PMCID: PMC6273803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a class of intracellular enzymes that inactivate the secondary messenger molecules, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Thus, PDEs regulate the signaling cascades mediated by these cyclic nucleotides and affect fundamental intracellular processes. Pharmacological inhibition of PDE activity is a promising strategy for treatment of several diseases. However, the role of the different PDEs in related pathologies is not completely clarified yet. PDE-specific radioligands enable non-invasive visualization and quantification of these enzymes by positron emission tomography (PET) in vivo and provide an important translational tool for elucidation of the relationship between altered expression of PDEs and pathophysiological effects as well as (pre-)clinical evaluation of novel PDE inhibitors developed as therapeutics. Herein we present an overview of novel PDE radioligands for PET published since 2012.
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The nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside attenuates recognition memory deficits and social withdrawal produced by the NMDA receptor antagonist ketamine and induces anxiolytic-like behaviour in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1045-54. [PMID: 26685991 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4181-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Experimental evidence indicates that the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine impairs cognition and can mimic certain aspects of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in rodents. Nitric oxide (NO) is considered as an intracellular messenger in the brain, and its abnormalities have been linked to schizophrenia. OBJECTIVES The present study was designed to investigate the ability of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) to counteract schizophrenia-like behavioural deficits produced by ketamine in rats. METHODS The ability of SNP to reverse ketamine-induced memory deficits and social withdrawal were assessed using the novel object recognition task (NORT) and the social interaction test, respectively. Furthermore, since anxiety disorders are noted to occur commonly in schizophrenics, the effects of SNP on anxiety-like behaviour were examined using the light/dark test. Locomotor activity was also assessed as an independent measure of the potential motoric effects of this NO donor. RESULTS SNP (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) reversed ketamine (3 mg/kg)-induced short-term recognition memory deficits. SNP (1 mg/kg) counteracted the ketamine (8 mg/kg)-induced social isolation in the social interaction test. The anxiolytic-like effects in the light/dark test of SNP (1 mg/kg) cannot be attributed to changes in locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate a functional interaction between the nitrergic and glutamatergic system that may be of relevance for schizophrenia-like behavioural deficits. The data also suggest a role of NO in anxiety.
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Lueptow LM, Zhan CG, O'Donnell JM. Cyclic GMP-mediated memory enhancement in the object recognition test by inhibitors of phosphodiesterase-2 in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:447-56. [PMID: 26525565 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction. Using the object recognition test (ORT), this study assessed the effects of two PDE2 inhibitors, Bay 60-7550 and ND7001, on learning and memory, and examined underlying mechanisms. METHODS To assess the role of PDE2 inhibition on phases of memory, Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) was administered: 30 min prior to training; 0, 1, or 3 h after training; or 30 min prior to recall testing. To assess cyclic nucleotide involvement in PDE2 inhibitor-enhanced memory consolidation, either the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 20 mg/kg; intraperitoneal (IP)), soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor 1H-[-1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; 20 mg/kg; IP), protein kinase G inhibitor KT5823 (2.5 μg; intracerebroventricular (ICV)), or protein kinase A inhibitor H89 (1 μg; ICV) was administered 30 min prior to the PDE2 inhibitor Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) or ND7001 (3 mg/kg). Changes in the phosphorylation of 3'5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) at Ser-133 and vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser-239 were determined to confirm activation of cAMP and 3'5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling. RESULTS Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) enhanced memory of mice in the ORT when given 30 min prior to training, immediately after training, or 30 min prior to recall. Inhibitors of the cGMP pathway blocked the memory-enhancing effects of both Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) and ND7001 (3 mg/kg) on early consolidation processes. Bay 60-7550 (3 mg/kg) enhanced phosphorylation of CREB and VASP, both targets of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). CONCLUSIONS These results confirm a potential of PDE2, or components of its signaling pathway, as a therapeutic target for drug discovery focused on restoring memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Lueptow
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- West Virginia University, 1 Medical Center Drive, PO Box 9128, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Purin-6-One Derivatives as Phosphodiesterase-2 Inhibitors. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/6878353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of purin-6-one derivatives were synthesized, and theirin vitroinhibitory activity against phosphodiesterase-2 (PDE2) was evaluated by using a fluorescence polarization assay. Three compounds, that are,2j,2p, and2q, showed significant inhibitory activity against PDE2 with IC50values of 1.73, 0.18, and 3.43 μM, respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was performed to explore the relationship between the chemical structures of these compounds and their inhibitory activity. Compounds2j,2p, and2qwere further selected for molecular docking study. The docking results suggested that these ligands bind with hydrophobic pockets of the catalytic active site of PDE2, where a Tyr655 residue was found to be important in binding with compound2p, the most potent inhibitor identified in this study. Our present study provides useful information for the future design of novel PDE2 inhibitors.
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Kalouda T, Pitsikas N. The nitric oxide donor molsidomine induces anxiolytic-like behaviour in two different rat models of anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 138:111-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xiao L, Kish VL, Benders KM, Wu ZX. Prenatal and Early Postnatal Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Decreases BDNF/TrkB Signaling and Increases Abnormal Behaviors Later in Life. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv117. [PMID: 26503133 PMCID: PMC4886663 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke exposure during prenatal and early postnatal periods increases the incidence of a variety of abnormal behaviors later in life. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible critical period of susceptibility to cigarette smoke exposure and evaluate the possibe effects of cigarette smoke during early life on brain-derived neurotrophic factor/neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling in the brain. METHODS Three different age of imprinting control region mice were exposed to cigarette smoke or filtered air for 10 consecutive days beginning on either gestational day 7 by maternal exposure, or postnatal days 2 or 21 by direct inhalation. A series of behavioral profiles and neurotrophins in brain were measured 24 hours after mice received acute restraint stress for 1 hour on postnatal day 59. RESULTS Cigarette smoke exposure in gestational day 7 and postnatal day 2 produced depression-like behaviors as evidenced by significantly increased immobility in both tail suspension and forced-swim test. Increased entry latencies, but not ambulation in the open field test, were also observed in the gestational day 7 and postnatal day 2 cigarette smoke exposure groups. Genetic analysis showed that gestational day 7 cigarette smoke exposure significantly altered mRNA level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B in the hippocampus. However, behavioral profiles and brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling were not significantly changed in PND21 cigarette smoke exposure group compared with FA group. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a critical period of susceptibility to cigarette smoke exposure exists in the prenatal and early postnatal period, which results a downregulation in brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase receptor B signaling in the hippocampus and enhances depression-like behaviors later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhong-Xin Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
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Schröder S, Wenzel B, Deuther-Conrad W, Teodoro R, Egerland U, Kranz M, Scheunemann M, Höfgen N, Steinbach J, Brust P. Synthesis, 18F-Radiolabelling and Biological Characterization of Novel Fluoroalkylated Triazine Derivatives for in Vivo Imaging of Phosphodiesterase 2A in Brain via Positron Emission Tomography. Molecules 2015; 20:9591-615. [PMID: 26016549 PMCID: PMC6272448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is highly and specifically expressed in particular brain regions that are affected by neurological disorders and in certain tumors. Development of a specific PDE2A radioligand would enable molecular imaging of the PDE2A protein via positron emission tomography (PET). Herein we report on the syntheses of three novel fluoroalkylated triazine derivatives (TA2–4) and on the evaluation of their effect on the enzymatic activity of human PDE2A. The most potent PDE2A inhibitors were 18F-radiolabelled ([18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4) and investigated regarding their potential as PET radioligands for imaging of PDE2A in mouse brain. In vitro autoradiography on rat brain displayed region-specific distribution of [18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4, which is consistent with the expression pattern of PDE2A protein. Metabolism studies of both [18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4 in mice showed a significant accumulation of two major radiometabolites of each radioligand in brain as investigated by micellar radio-chromatography. Small-animal PET/MR studies in mice using [18F]TA3 revealed a constantly increasing uptake of activity in the non-target region cerebellum, which may be caused by the accumulation of brain penetrating radiometabolites. Hence, [18F]TA3 and [18F]TA4 are exclusively suitable for in vitro investigation of PDE2A. Nevertheless, further structural modification of these promising radioligands might result in metabolically stable derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schröder
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Barbara Wenzel
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Winnie Deuther-Conrad
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Rodrigo Teodoro
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Ute Egerland
- BioCrea GmbH, Meissner Str. 191, Radebeul 01445, Germany.
| | - Mathias Kranz
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Matthias Scheunemann
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Norbert Höfgen
- BioCrea GmbH, Meissner Str. 191, Radebeul 01445, Germany.
| | - Jörg Steinbach
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
| | - Peter Brust
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany.
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Bali A, Jaggi AS. Preclinical experimental stress studies: protocols, assessment and comparison. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 746:282-92. [PMID: 25446911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress is a state of threatened homeostasis during which a variety of adaptive processes are activated to produce physiological and behavioral changes. Preclinical models are pivotal for understanding these physiological or pathophysiological changes in the body in response to stress. Furthermore, these models are also important for the development of novel pharmacological agents for stress management. The well described preclinical stress models include immobilization, restraint, electric foot shock and social isolation stress. Stress assessment in animals is done at the behavioral level using open field, social interaction, hole board test; at the biochemical level by measuring plasma corticosterone and ACTH; at the physiological level by measuring food intake, body weight, adrenal gland weight and gastric ulceration. Furthermore the comparison between different stressors including electric foot shock, immobilization and cold stressor is described in terms of intensity, hormonal release, protein changes in brain, adaptation and sleep pattern. This present review describes these preclinical stress protocols, and stress assessment at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India.
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Phosphodiesterase 2A localized in the spinal cord contributes to inflammatory pain processing. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:372-82. [PMID: 24758774 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphodiesterase 2A (PDE2A) is an evolutionarily conserved enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of the cyclic nucleotides, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and/or cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Recent studies reported the expression of PDE2A in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, pointing to a potential contribution to the processing of pain. However, the functions of PDE2A in spinal pain processing in vivo remained elusive. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, laser microdissection, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction experiments were performed to characterize the localization and regulation of PDE2A protein and messenger RNA in the mouse spinal cord. Effects of the selective PDE2A inhibitor, BAY 60-7550 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI), in animal models of inflammatory pain (n = 6 to 10), neuropathic pain (n = 5 to 6), and after intrathecal injection of cyclic nucleotides (n = 6 to 8) were examined. Also, cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in spinal cord tissues were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The authors here demonstrate that PDE2A is distinctly expressed in neurons of the superficial dorsal horn of the spinal cord, and that its spinal expression is upregulated in response to hind paw inflammation. Administration of the selective PDE2A inhibitor, BAY 60-7550, increased the nociceptive behavior of mice in animal models of inflammatory pain. Moreover, BAY 60-7550 increased the pain hypersensitivity induced by intrathecal delivery of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, but not of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and it increased the cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels in spinal cord tissues. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that PDE2A contributes to the processing of inflammatory pain in the spinal cord.
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Redrobe JP, Jørgensen M, Christoffersen CT, Montezinho LP, Bastlund JF, Carnerup M, Bundgaard C, Lerdrup L, Plath N. In vitro and in vivo characterisation of Lu AF64280, a novel, brain penetrant phosphodiesterase (PDE) 2A inhibitor: potential relevance to cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:3151-67. [PMID: 24577516 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we present the pharmacological characterisation of Lu AF64280, a novel, selective, brain penetrant phosphodiesterase (PDE) 2A inhibitor, in in vitro/in vivo assays indicative of PDE2A inhibition, and in vivo models/assays relevant to cognitive processing or antipsychotic-like activity. The in vitro selectivity of Lu AF64280 was determined against a panel of PDE enzymes and 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in the hippocampus were determined using in vivo microdialysis. Lu AF64280 potently inhibited hPDE2A (Ki = 20 nM), 50-fold above moderate inhibition of both hPDE9A (Ki = 1,000 nM) and hPDE10A (Ki = 1,800 nM), and displayed a >250-fold selectivity over all other full-length human recombinant PDE family members (Ki above 5,000 nM). Lu AF64280 (20 mg/kg) significantly increased cGMP levels in the hippocampus (p < 0.01 versus vehicle-treated mice), attenuated sub-chronic phencyclidine-induced deficits in novel object exploration in rats (10 mg/kg, p < 0.001 versus vehicle-treated), blocked early postnatal phencyclidine-induced deficits in the intradimensional/extradimensional shift task in rats (1 and 10 mg/kg, p < 0.001 versus vehicle-treated) and attenuated spontaneous P20-N40 auditory gating deficits in DBA/2 mice (20 mg/kg, p < 0.05 versus vehicle-treated). In contrast, Lu AF64280 failed to attenuate phencyclidine-induced hyperactivity in mice, and was devoid of antipsychotic-like activity in the conditioned avoidance response paradigm in rats, at any dose tested. Lu AF64280 represents a novel tool compound for selective PDE2A inhibition that substantiates a critical role of this enzyme in cognitive processes under normal and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Redrobe
- Neuroscience Research DK, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, Valby, 2500, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Protective effects of phosphodiesterase 2 inhibitor on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors: involvement of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Behav Brain Res 2014; 268:150-158. [PMID: 24694839 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stress occurs in everyday life, but the relationship between stress and the onset or development of depression/anxiety remains unknown. Increasing evidence suggests that the impairment of antioxidant defense and the neuronal cell death are important in the process of emotional disorders. Chronic stress impairs the homeostasis of antioxidants/oxidation, which results in the aberrant stimulation of the cell cycle proteins where cGMP-PKG signaling is thought to have an inhibitory role. Phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) is linked to cGMP-PKG signaling and highly expressed in the limbic brain regions including hippocampus and amygdala, which may play important roles in the treatment of depression and anxiety. To address the possible effects of PDE2 inhibitors on depression-/anxiety-like behaviors and the underlying mechanisms, Bay 60-7550 (0.75, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered 30 min before chronic stress. The results suggested that Bay 60-7550 not only restored the behavioral changes but also regulated Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels differentially in hippocampus and amygdala, which were increased in the hippocampus while decreased in the amygdala. It was also significant that Bay 60-7550 regulated the abnormalities of pro- and anti-apoptotic components, such as Bax, Caspase 3 and Bcl-2, and the indicator of PKG signaling characterized by pVASP(ser239), in these two brain regions. The results suggested that Bay 60-7550 is able to alleviate oxidative stress and mediate part of the apoptotic machinery in neuronal cells possibly through SOD-cGMP/PKG-anti-apoptosis signaling and that inhibition of PDE2 may represent a novel therapeutic target for psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety.
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Xu Y, Wang C, Klabnik JJ, O'Donnell JM. Novel therapeutic targets in depression and anxiety: antioxidants as a candidate treatment. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 12:108-19. [PMID: 24669206 PMCID: PMC3964743 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x11666131120231448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that the imbalance between oxidative stress and the antioxidant defense system may be associated with the development neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Major depression and anxiety are presently correlated with a lowered total antioxidant state and by an activated oxidative stress (OS) pathway. The classical antidepressants may produce therapeutic effects other than regulation of monoamines by increasing the antioxidant levels and normalizing the damage caused by OS processes. This chapter provides an overview of recent work on oxidative stress markers in the animal models of depression and anxiety, as well as patients with the aforementioned mood disorders. It is well documented that antioxidants can remove the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) through scavenging radicals and suppressing the OS pathway, which further protect against neuronal damage caused oxidative or nitrosative stress sources in the brain, hopefully resulting in remission of depression or anxiety symptoms. The functional understanding of the relationship between oxidative stress and depression and anxiety may pave the way for discovery of novel targets for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Chuang Wang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Jonathan J Klabnik
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26508, USA
| | - James M O'Donnell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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PDE2 inhibition: Potential for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6522-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Patki G, Solanki N, Atrooz F, Allam F, Salim S. Depression, anxiety-like behavior and memory impairment are associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation in a rat model of social stress. Brain Res 2013; 1539:73-86. [PMID: 24096214 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we have examined the behavioral and biochemical effect of induction of psychological stress using a modified version of the resident-intruder model for social stress (social defeat). At the end of the social defeat protocol, body weights, food and water intake were recorded, depression and anxiety-like behaviors as well as memory function was examined. Biochemical analysis including oxidative stress measurement, inflammatory markers and other molecular parameters, critical to behavioral effects were examined. We observed a significant decrease in the body weight in the socially defeated rats as compared to the controls. Furthermore, social defeat increased anxiety-like behavior and caused memory impairment in rats (P<0.05). Socially defeated rats made significantly more errors in long term memory tests (P<0.05) as compared to control rats. Furthermore, brain extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), and an inflammatory marker, interleukin (IL)-6 were activated (P<0.05), while the protein levels of glyoxalase (GLO)-1, glutathione reductase (GSR)-1, calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type (CAMK)-IV, cAMP-response-element-binding protein (CREB) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were significantly less (P<0.05) in the hippocampus, but not in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala of socially defeated rats, when compared to control rats. We suggest that social defeat stress alters ERK1/2, IL-6, GLO1, GSR1, CAMKIV, CREB, and BDNF levels in specific brain areas, leading to oxidative stress-induced anxiety-depression-like behaviors and as well as memory impairment in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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Patki G, Allam FH, Atrooz F, Dao AT, Solanki N, Chugh G, Asghar M, Jafri F, Bohat R, Alkadhi KA, Salim S. Grape powder intake prevents ovariectomy-induced anxiety-like behavior, memory impairment and high blood pressure in female Wistar rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74522. [PMID: 24040270 PMCID: PMC3767647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diminished estrogen influence at menopause is reported to be associated with cognitive decline, heightened anxiety and hypertension. While estrogen therapy is often prescribed to overcome these behavioral and physiological deficits, antioxidants which have been shown beneficial are gaining nutritional intervention and popularity. Therefore, in the present study, utilizing the antioxidant properties of grapes, we have examined effect of 3 weeks of grape powder (GP; 15 g/L dissolved in tap water) treatment on anxiety-like behavior, learning-memory impairment and high blood pressure in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Four groups of female Wistar rats were used; sham control, sham-GP treated, OVX and OVX+GP treated. We observed a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in OVX rats as compared to sham-controls. Furthermore, ovariectomy increased anxiety-like behavior and caused learning and memory impairment in rats as compared to sham-controls. Interestingly, providing grape powder treated water to OVX rats restored both systolic and diastolic blood pressure, decreased anxiety-like behavior and improved memory function. Moreover, OVX rats exhibited an impaired long term potentiation which was restored with grape powder treatment. Furthermore, ovariectomy increased oxidative stress in the brain, serum and urine, selectively decreasing antioxidant enzyme, glyoxalase-1 protein expression in the hippocampus but not in the cortex and amygdala of OVX rats, while grape powder treatment reversed these effects. Other antioxidant enzyme levels, including manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Cu/Zn SOD remained unchanged. We suggest that grape powder by regulating oxidative stress mechanisms exerts its protective effect on blood pressure, learning-memory and anxiety-like behavior. Our study is the first to examine behavioral, biochemical, physiological and electrophysiological outcome of estrogen depletion in rats and to test protective role of grape powder, all in the same study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Patki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Farida H. Allam
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fatin Atrooz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - An T. Dao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naimesh Solanki
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Chugh
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Asghar
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Faizan Jafri
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ritu Bohat
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karim A. Alkadhi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Samina Salim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Moylan S, Jacka FN, Pasco JA, Berk M. How cigarette smoking may increase the risk of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders: a critical review of biological pathways. Brain Behav 2013; 3:302-26. [PMID: 23785661 PMCID: PMC3683289 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have demonstrated an association between cigarette smoking and increased anxiety symptoms or disorders, with early life exposures potentially predisposing to enhanced anxiety responses in later life. Explanatory models support a potential role for neurotransmitter systems, inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotrophins and neurogenesis, and epigenetic effects, in anxiety pathogenesis. All of these pathways are affected by exposure to cigarette smoke components, including nicotine and free radicals. This review critically examines and summarizes the literature exploring the role of these systems in increased anxiety and how exposure to cigarette smoke may contribute to this pathology at a biological level. Further, this review explores the effects of cigarette smoke on normal neurodevelopment and anxiety control, suggesting how exposure in early life (prenatal, infancy, and adolescence) may predispose to higher anxiety in later life. A large heterogenous literature was reviewed that detailed the association between cigarette smoking and anxiety symptoms and disorders with structural brain changes, inflammation, and cell-mediated immune markers, markers of oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial function, neurotransmitter systems, neurotrophins and neurogenesis. Some preliminary data were found for potential epigenetic effects. The literature provides some support for a potential interaction between cigarette smoking, anxiety symptoms and disorders, and the above pathways; however, limitations exist particularly in delineating causative effects. The literature also provides insight into potential effects of cigarette smoke, in particular nicotine, on neurodevelopment. The potential treatment implications of these findings are discussed in regards to future therapeutic targets for anxiety. The aforementioned pathways may help mediate increased anxiety seen in people who smoke. Further research into the specific actions of nicotine and other cigarette components on these pathways, and how these pathways interact, may provide insights that lead to new treatment for anxiety and a greater understanding of anxiety pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Moylan
- Deakin University School of Medicine Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Moylan S, Eyre HA, Maes M, Baune BT, Jacka FN, Berk M. Exercising the worry away: how inflammation, oxidative and nitrogen stress mediates the beneficial effect of physical activity on anxiety disorder symptoms and behaviours. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:573-84. [PMID: 23415701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity exerts positive effects on anxiety disorder symptoms, although the biological mechanisms underpinning this effect are incompletely understood. Numerous lines of evidence support inflammation and oxidative and nitrogen stress (O&NS) as important in the pathogenesis of mood and anxiety disorders, and physical activity is known to influence these same pathways. This paper reviews the inter-relationships between anxiety disorders, physical activity and inflammation and O&NS, to explore whether modulation of inflammation and O&NS may in part underpin the positive effect of physical activity on anxiety disorders. Numerous studies support the notion that physical activity operates as an anti-inflammatory and anti-O&NS agent which potentially exerts positive effects on neuroplasticity, the expression of neurotrophins and normal neuronal functions. These effects may therefore influence the expression and evolution of anxiety disorders. Further exploration of this area may elicit a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, and inform the development of integrated programmes including PA specifically suited to the treatment and prevention of anxiety disorders and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moylan
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.
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Selective Inhibitors of PDE2, PDE9, and PDE10. ANNUAL REPORTS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417150-3.00004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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