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Nhamoyebonde S, Chambers M, Ndlovu L, Karim F, Mazibuko M, Mhlane Z, Madziwa L, Moosa Y, Moodley S, Hoque M, Leslie A. Detailed phenotyping reveals diverse and highly skewed neutrophil subsets in both the blood and airways during active tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1422836. [PMID: 38947330 PMCID: PMC11212598 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1422836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Neutrophils play a complex and important role in the immunopathology of TB. Data suggest they are protective during early infection but become a main driver of immunopathology if infection progresses to active disease. Neutrophils are now recognized to exist in functionally diverse states, but little work has been done on how neutrophil states or subsets are skewed in TB disease. Methods To address this, we carried out comprehensive phenotyping by flow cytometry of neutrophils in the blood and airways of individuals with active pulmonary TB with and without HIV co-infection recruited in Durban, South Africa. Results Active TB was associated with a profound skewing of neutrophils in the blood toward phenotypes associated with activation and apoptosis, reduced phagocytosis, reverse transmigration, and immune regulation. This skewing was also apparently in airway neutrophils, particularly the regulatory subsets expressing PDL-1 and LOX-1. HIV co-infection did not impact neutrophil subsets in the blood but was associated with a phenotypic change in the airways and a reduction in key neutrophil functional proteins cathelicidin and arginase 1. Discussion Active TB is associated with profound skewing of blood and airway neutrophils and suggests multiple mechanisms by which neutrophils may exacerbate the immunopathology of TB. These data indicate potential avenues for reducing neutrophil-mediated lung pathology at the point of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Chambers
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Lerato Ndlovu
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Zoey Mhlane
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Yunus Moosa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Monjurul Hoque
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lea S, Higham A, Beech A, Singh D. How inhaled corticosteroids target inflammation in COPD. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:230084. [PMID: 37852657 PMCID: PMC10582931 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0084-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the most commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of COPD. COPD has been previously described as a "corticosteroid-resistant" condition, but current clinical trial evidence shows that selected COPD patients, namely those with increased exacerbation risk plus higher blood eosinophil count (BEC), can benefit from ICS treatment. This review describes the components of inflammation modulated by ICS in COPD and the reasons for the variation in response to ICS between individuals. There are corticosteroid-insensitive inflammatory pathways in COPD, such as bacteria-induced macrophage interleukin-8 production and resultant neutrophil recruitment, but also corticosteroid-sensitive pathways including the reduction of type 2 markers and mast cell numbers. The review also describes the mechanisms whereby ICS can skew the lung microbiome, with reduced diversity and increased relative abundance, towards an excess of proteobacteria. BEC is a biomarker used to enable the selective use of ICS in COPD, but the clinical outcome in an individual is decided by a complex interacting network involving the microbiome and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lea
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Higham
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Augusta Beech
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
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Giriyappagoudar M, Vastrad B, Horakeri R, Vastrad C. Study on Potential Differentially Expressed Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3109. [PMID: 38137330 PMCID: PMC10740779 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive lung disease with reduced quality of life and earlier mortality, but its pathogenesis and key genes are still unclear. In this investigation, bioinformatics was used to deeply analyze the pathogenesis of IPF and related key genes, so as to investigate the potential molecular pathogenesis of IPF and provide guidance for clinical treatment. Next-generation sequencing dataset GSE213001 was obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between IPF and normal control group. The DEGs between IPF and normal control group were screened with the DESeq2 package of R language. The Gene Ontology (GO) and REACTOME pathway enrichment analyses of the DEGs were performed. Using the g:Profiler, the function and pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. Then, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the Integrated Interactions Database (IID) database. Cytoscape with Network Analyzer was used to identify the hub genes. miRNet and NetworkAnalyst databaseswereused to construct the targeted microRNAs (miRNAs), transcription factors (TFs), and small drug molecules. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to validate the hub genes. A total of 958 DEGs were screened out in this study, including 479 up regulated genes and 479 down regulated genes. Most of the DEGs were significantly enriched in response to stimulus, GPCR ligand binding, microtubule-based process, and defective GALNT3 causes HFTC. In combination with the results of the PPI network, miRNA-hub gene regulatory network and TF-hub gene regulatory network, hub genes including LRRK2, BMI1, EBP, MNDA, KBTBD7, KRT15, OTX1, TEKT4, SPAG8, and EFHC2 were selected. Cyclothiazide and rotigotinethe are predicted small drug molecules for IPF treatment. Our findings will contribute to identification of potential biomarkers and novel strategies for the treatment of IPF, and provide a novel strategy for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttanagouda Giriyappagoudar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Hubballi 580022, Karnataka, India;
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. Socitey’s College of Pharmacy, Gadag 582101, Karnataka, India;
| | - Rajeshwari Horakeri
- Department of Computer Science, Govt First Grade College, Hubballi 580032, Karnataka, India;
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar, Dharwad 580001, Karnataka, India
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Esnault S, Jarjour NN. Development of Adaptive Immunity and Its Role in Lung Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1426:287-351. [PMID: 37464127 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32259-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airflow limitations resulting from bronchial closure, which can be either reversible or fixed due to changes in airway tissue composition and structure, also known as remodeling. Airway remodeling is defined as increased presence of mucins-producing epithelial cells, increased thickness of airway smooth muscle cells, angiogenesis, increased number and activation state of fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Airway inflammation is believed to be the main cause of the development of airway remodeling in asthma. In this chapter, we will review the development of the adaptive immune response and the impact of its mediators and cells on the elements defining airway remodeling in asthma.
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Chen S, Zhan Y, Chen J, Wu J, Gu Y, Huang Q, Deng Z, Wu X, Lv Y, Xie J. Identification and validation of genetic signature associated with aging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:8568-8580. [DOI: 10.18632/aging.204358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jinkun Chen
- Department of Science, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jixing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yiya Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhesong Deng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yongman Lv
- Health Management Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Ham J, Kim J, Ko YG, Kim HY. The Dynamic Contribution of Neutrophils in the Chronic Respiratory Diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022; 14:361-378. [PMID: 35837821 PMCID: PMC9293600 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2022.14.4.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are representative chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs). Although they differ in terms of disease presentation, they are all thought to arise from unresolved inflammation. Neutrophils are not only the first responders to acute inflammation, but they also help resolve the inflammation. Notably, emerging clinical studies show that CRDs are associated with systemic and local elevation of neutrophils. Moreover, murine studies suggest that airway-infiltrating neutrophils not only help initiate airway inflammation but also prolong the inflammation. Given this background, this review describes neutrophil-mediated immune responses in CRDs and summarizes the completed, ongoing, and potential clinical trials that test the therapeutic value of targeting neutrophils in CRDs. The review also clarifies the importance of understanding how neutrophils interact with other immune cells and how these interactions contribute to chronic inflammation in specific CRDs. This information may help identify future therapeutic strategies for CRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongho Ham
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jihyun Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gyun Ko
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, BK21 Plus Biomedical Science Project, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Lea S, Beech A, Baker J, Gaskell R, Pindolia D, Dikwa AB, Shah R, Singh D. Differential responses of COPD macrophages to respiratory bacterial pathogens. ERJ Open Res 2022; 8:00044-2022. [PMID: 35923420 PMCID: PMC9339767 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00044-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
COPD patients have increased susceptibility to airway bacterial colonisation. Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are three of the most common respiratory bacterial species in COPD. H. influenzae colonisation, but not other bacteria, in COPD patients is associated with higher sputum neutrophil counts. Alveolar macrophages are key in clearance of bacteria as well as releasing mediators to recruit and activate other immune cells in response to infection. The aim was to characterise differences in COPD macrophage responses to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalisand S. pneumoniae, focusing on release of inflammatory and chemotactic mediators, and apoptosis regulation. Lung macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages from COPD patients and control subjects were exposed to H. influenzae, M. catarrhalisor S. pneumoniae. Cytokine secretion (tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, CXCL8, CCL5 and IL-1β) were measured by ELISA and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR), and apoptosis genes MCL-1, BCL-2, BAX and BAK1 by RT-qPCR. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) release were also measured. Macrophages responded differentially to the bacterial species, with increased, prolonged production of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL8 in response to H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis but not S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae initiated macrophage apoptosis and ROS release, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis did not and increased anti-apoptosis gene expression (BCL-2 5.5-fold and MCL-1 2.4-fold, respectively). Differential cytokine responses of macrophages to these bacterial species can explain neutrophilic airway inflammation associated with H. influenzae, but not S. pneumoniae in COPD. Furthermore, delayed macrophage apoptosis is a potential mechanism contributing to inability to clear H. influenzae. Differential cytokine responses of macrophages to Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae can explain neutrophilic airway inflammation associated with H. influenzae but not S. pneumoniae in COPDhttps://bit.ly/3950HVZ
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Go RE, Lee SM, Shin YJ, Kim MS, Park CM, Ko EB, Kim S, Choi KC. Time-dependent effect of inhaled cigarette smoke exposure in the bleomycin-induced lung injury rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:1231-1243. [PMID: 35112775 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) substances are known to induce diverse ailments such as cancer, decreased immunity, and lung diseases. Although some studies have been actively conducted to evaluate cigarette toxicity, the current animal exposure methods, that is, exposure of 28- or 90-days, require considerable research cost and lead to obscure results of the CS effects. In a previous study, we compared the effects of CS in a rat model of bleomycin (BLM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung disease. We determined that compared to the LPS-induced rat model, the BLM-induced rat model was more sensitive to alterations in secreting cytokines and total cell number. In the current study, we further confirmed the time-point of effective inhalation exposure by CS in the BLM-induced lung injury rat model. Using an automatic video instillator, rats were administered a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg BLM (day 1), and subsequently exposed to CS via inhalation (nose-only) 4 h/day, for 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from the right lung lobes, total cell numbers were counted, and chemokine and cytokine expressions were evaluated using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. For the 1-week exposure, we observed a greater increase of neutrophils in the BLM + CS 300 μg/L group than in the BLM or CS 300 μg/L groups. Exposure of CS in the BLM-induced lung injury rat model enhanced the secretions of chemokines and cytokines, such as CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL2/MIP-2 and TNF-α, at 1 week. Immunohistochemistry and Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of lungs at 1-2 weeks after exposure clearly confirmed this tendency in the increased levels of CCL2/MCP-1 and TNF-α. Taken together, these results indicate that the rat model of BLM-induced lung injury is more sensitive to CS exposure than other rat models, and may be an appropriate model to evaluate the effect of CS exposure at 1-2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Moo Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Shin
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Min Park
- Inhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eul-Bee Ko
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Ahmed SM, Nasr MA, Elshenawy SE, Hussein AE, El-Betar AH, Mohamed RH, El-Badri N. BCG vaccination and the risk of COVID 19: A possible correlation. Virology 2022; 565:73-81. [PMID: 34742127 PMCID: PMC8552046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is currently used to prevent tuberculosis infection. The vaccine was found to enhance resistance to certain types of infection including positive sense RNA viruses. The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by positive sense RNA, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A higher mortality rate of COVID-19 patients was reported in countries where BCG vaccination is not routinely administered, when compared to the vaccinated ones. We hypothesized that BCG vaccine may control SARS-CoV2 infection via modulating the monocyte immune response. We analyzed GSE104149 dataset to investigate whether human monocytes of BCG-vaccinated individuals acquire resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differentially expressed genes obtained from the dataset were used to determine enriched pathways, biological processes, and molecular functions for monocytes post BCG vaccination. Our data show that BCG vaccine promotes a more effective immune response of monocytes against SARS-CoV2, but probably not sufficient to prevent the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Hussein
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Betar
- Department of Urology, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
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Han L, Wang J, Ji XB, Wang ZY, Wang Y, Zhang LY, Li HP, Zhang ZM, Li QY. Transcriptomics Analysis Identifies the Presence of Upregulated Ribosomal Housekeeping Genes in the Alveolar Macrophages of Patients with Smoking-Induced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2021; 16:2653-2664. [PMID: 34588774 PMCID: PMC8473850 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s313252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Alveolar macrophages (AM) play a crucial role in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The role that AM plays in the molecular pathways and clinical phenotypes associated with tobacco-related emphysema remain poorly understood. Thus, we investigated the transcriptomic profile of AM in COPD patients with a history of smoking and explored the molecular mechanisms associated with enriched pathways and hub genes. Methods Four data sets (GSE2125, GSE8823, GSE13896 and GSE130928) were retrieved from the GEO Database. A total of 203 GEO samples (GSM) were collated for this study. About 125 of these cases were classified as smokers (91 as healthy non-COPD smokers and 34 as COPD smokers). Based on the bioinformatics obtained using the R3.6.1 program, the data were successively adopted for differential genetic expression analysis, enrichment analysis (EA), and then protein–protein interaction analysis (PPI) in a STRING database. Finally, Cytoscape 3.8 software was used to screen the hub genes. A further data analysis was performed using a set of 154 cases, classified as 64 healthy non-smokers and 91 as healthy smokers. The same procedures were used as for the COPD dataset. Results When comparing the data pertaining to COPD-smokers and non-COPD smokers, the top ten genes with the greatest transcriptional differences were found to be NADK, DRAP1, DEDD, NONO, KLHL12, PRKAR1A, ITGAL, GLE1, SLC8A1, SVIL. A GSEA (Gene Set Enrichment Analysis) revealed that these genes manifested an up-regulated ribosomal pathway in contrast with other genes that exhibited an extensive down-regulated pathway. The hub genes were mainly genes encoding ribosomal subunits through PPI. Furthermore, it was found that there is a narrow transcriptional difference between healthy non-smokers and non-COPD smokers and the hub genes identified here are mainly members of the chemokines, including CCL5, CCR5, CXCL9 and CXCL11. Conclusion An elevated activity of the ribosome pathway in addition to the increased expression of ribosomal housekeeping genes (also known as hub genes) were identified with COPD-smokers, and these have the potential to cause a wide range of downstream pathogenetic effects. As for the preclinical phase, non-COPD smokers were found to be characterized by enriched pathways of several chemokines in AM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bin Ji
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Yan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Yue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Peng Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Ming Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Yun Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Selection of a picomolar antibody that targets CXCR2-mediated neutrophil activation and alleviates EAE symptoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2547. [PMID: 33953162 PMCID: PMC8100106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22810-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors and their ligands are important therapeutic targets for about one third of marketed drugs. Here, we describe an epitope-guided approach for selection of antibodies that modulate cellular signaling of targeted receptors. We chose CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) in the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily as receptor and a CXCR2 N-terminal peptide for antibody selection. We obtain a highly selective, tight-binding antibody from a 1011-member antibody library using combinatorial enrichment. Structural and Hydrogen-Deuterium-Exchange mass spectrometry analyses demonstrate antibody interaction with an N-terminal region of CXCR2 that is part of the IL-8 epitope. The antibody strongly inhibits IL-8-induced and CXCR2-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and alleviates hCXCR2-dependent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms in mice. As inappropriate neutrophil migration accompanies many diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, glomerulonephritis, allergic asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer, this antibody has potential for development as a therapeutic agent, akin to anti-TNF antibodies. However, an important difference here is that the antibody targets the chemokine receptor and competes with natural ligand, rather than targeting the ligand itself. CXCR2 is central to neutrophil chemotaxis and hence to some inflammatory diseases. Here the authors demonstrate the value of an epitope-guided antibody panning method to develop a tight binding anti-hCXCR2 antibody, along with crystal structures of this antibody and antigen, that can block neutrophil chemotaxis and protect mice in an EAE model.
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Lee SM, Shin YJ, Go RE, Bae SH, Kim CW, Kim S, Kim MS, Choi KC. Inhalation exposure by cigarette smoke: Effects on the progression of bleomycin- and lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injuries in rat models. Toxicology 2021; 451:152695. [PMID: 33516805 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The toxic substances of cigarette smoke (CS) induce inflammatory responses in the lung by recruiting inflammatory cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of CS on the progression of lung disease in bleomycin (BLM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury rat models. Briefly, rats were exposed to CS via inhalation (nose-only) for 28 consecutive days, for 4 h per day. Using an automatic video instillator, rats were administered a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg BLM (day 1) or 0.5 mg/kg LPS (day 26), prepared in 50 μL phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. Examination of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) revealed that the number of neutrophils increased in a concentration-dependent manner of CS. Exposure to CS also enhanced the expression of cytokines, i.e., CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL3 (MIP-1α), CXCL2 (CINC3), CXCL10 (IP-10), TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 in the BALF of the vehicle (VC) and BLM groups in a concentration-dependent manner. In particular, the expressions of CCL2, CXCL10 and TNF-α were remarkably upregulated in the BLM + CS 300 treatment as compared to VC, while there were no differences in these cytokine levels in the serum following CS exposure. Exposure to CS resulted in compacted alveolar spaces and macrophage aggregation in the lung tissues following BLM and LPS treatments. Compared to VC, pulmonary fibrosis and chronic inflammation of bronchioloalveoli were observed in the BLM + CS treatment and inflammatory cell infiltration of bronchioloalveoli was observed in the LPS + CS treatment in a concentration-dependent manner by CS. The expression levels of CCL2 and IFN-γ in the lung tissues were increased similar to the levels obtained in BALF, in a concentration-dependent manner by CS. Taken together, these results indicate that repeated exposure to CS may exacerbate the lung injury initially caused by BLM and LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Moo Lee
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Shin
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Bae
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Research Group, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Higham A, Singh D. Dexamethasone and p38 MAPK inhibition of cytokine production from human lung fibroblasts. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:714-724. [PMID: 33145838 PMCID: PMC8451891 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung fibroblasts are involved in airway inflammation and remodelling in COPD. We report an investigation of the effects of combining a p38 MAPK inhibitor with a corticosteroid on cytokine production by a human lung fibroblast cell line and primary fibroblasts obtained from human lung tissue. Our main interest was to determine whether additive or synergistic anti‐inflammatory effects would be observed. We observed inhibition of IL‐6 and CXCL8 secretion from both lung fibroblast models by dexamethasone (maximal inhibition 40–90%) and the p38 MAPK inhibitor BIRB (maximal inhibition 30–60%), used alone and evidence of increased anti‐inflammatory effects when used in combination. This combination effect was more apparent for TNF‐a stimulated cytokine production (maximal inhibition increased by 10–20%). Interaction ratio analysis showed this enhanced effect to be additive rather than synergistic interaction. Similar results were obtained using both fibroblast cell culture models. Combining a p38 MAPK to corticosteroids may help reduce fibroblast mediated inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
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14
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Sokulsky LA, Garcia-Netto K, Nguyen TH, Girkin JLN, Collison A, Mattes J, Kaiko G, Liu C, Bartlett NW, Yang M, Foster PS. A Critical Role for the CXCL3/CXCL5/CXCR2 Neutrophilic Chemotactic Axis in the Regulation of Type 2 Responses in a Model of Rhinoviral-Induced Asthma Exacerbation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:2468-2478. [PMID: 32948685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rhinovirus (RV) infections in asthmatic patients are often associated with asthma exacerbation, characterized by worsened airways hyperreactivity and increased immune cell infiltration to the airways. The C-X-C chemokines, CXCL3 and CXCL5, regulate neutrophil trafficking to the lung via CXCR2, and their expression in the asthmatic lung is associated with steroid-insensitive type 2 inflammatory signatures. Currently, the role of CXCL3 and CXCL5 in regulating neutrophilic and type 2 responses in viral-induced asthma exacerbation is unknown. Inhibition of CXCL3 or CXCL5 with silencing RNAs in a mouse model of RV-induced exacerbation of asthma attenuated the accumulation of CXCR2+ neutrophils, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells in the lung and decreased production of type 2 regulatory factors IL-25, IL-33, IL-5, IL-13, CCL11, and CCL24. Suppression of inflammation was associated with decreased airways hyperreactivity, mucus hypersecretion, and collagen deposition. Similar results were obtained by employing RC-3095, which has been shown to bind to CXCR2, or by depletion of neutrophils. Our data demonstrate that CXCL3 and CXCL5 may be critical in the perpetuation of RV-induced exacerbation of asthma through the recruitment of CXCR2-positive neutrophils and by promoting type 2 inflammation. Targeting the CXCL3/CXCL5/CXCR2 axis may provide a new therapeutic approach to attenuating RV-induced exacerbations of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon A Sokulsky
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keilah Garcia-Netto
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thi Hiep Nguyen
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason L N Girkin
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam Collison
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Experimental and Translational Respiratory Medicine Group, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, Experimental and Translational Respiratory Medicine Group, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.,Paediatric Respiratory and Sleep Medicine Department, Newcastle Children's Hospital, Kaleidoscope, New Lambton Heights 2305, Australia; and
| | - Gerard Kaiko
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Nathan W Bartlett
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia; .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia; .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights 2305, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Lim K, Kim TH, Trzeciak A, Amitrano AM, Reilly EC, Prizant H, Fowell DJ, Topham DJ, Kim M. In situ neutrophil efferocytosis shapes T cell immunity to influenza infection. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1046-1057. [PMID: 32747818 PMCID: PMC7791396 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Early recruitment of neutrophils from the blood to sites of tissue infection is a hallmark of innate immune responses. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which apoptotic neutrophils are cleared in infected tissues during resolution and the immunological consequences of in situ efferocytosis. Using intravital multiphoton microscopy, we show previously unrecognized motility patterns of interactions between neutrophils and tissue-resident phagocytes within the influenza-infected mouse airway. Newly infiltrated inflammatory monocytes become a chief pool of phagocytes and play a key role in the clearance of highly motile apoptotic neutrophils during the resolution phase. Apoptotic neutrophils further release epidermal growth factor and promote the differentiation of monocytes into tissue-resident antigen-presenting cells for activation of antiviral T cell effector functions. Collectively, these results suggest that the presence of in situ neutrophil resolution at the infected tissue is critical for optimal CD8+ T cell-mediated immune protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Tae-Hyoun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alissa Trzeciak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Andrea M Amitrano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Reilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Hen Prizant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Deborah J Fowell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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16
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Januszyk M, Chen K, Henn D, Foster DS, Borrelli MR, Bonham CA, Sivaraj D, Wagh D, Longaker MT, Wan DC, Gurtner GC. Characterization of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Foot Ulcers Using Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11090815. [PMID: 32872278 PMCID: PMC7570277 DOI: 10.3390/mi11090815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recent advances in high-throughput single-cell sequencing technologies have led to their increasingly widespread adoption for clinical applications. However, challenges associated with tissue viability, cell yield, and delayed time-to-capture have created unique obstacles for data processing. Chronic wounds, in particular, represent some of the most difficult target specimens, due to the significant amount of fibrinous debris, extracellular matrix components, and non-viable cells inherent in tissue routinely obtained from debridement. Methods: Here, we examined the feasibility of single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis to evaluate human chronic wound samples acquired in the clinic, subjected to prolonged cold ischemia time, and processed without FACS sorting. Wound tissue from human diabetic and non-diabetic plantar foot ulcers were evaluated using an optimized 10X Genomics scRNA-seq platform and analyzed using a modified data pipeline designed for low-yield specimens. Cell subtypes were identified informatically and their distributions and transcriptional programs were compared between diabetic and non-diabetic tissue. Results: 139,000 diabetic and non-diabetic wound cells were delivered for 10X capture after either 90 or 180 min of cold ischemia time. cDNA library concentrations were 858.7 and 364.7 pg/µL, respectively, prior to sequencing. Among all barcoded fragments, we found that 83.5% successfully aligned to the human transcriptome and 68% met the minimum cell viability threshold. The average mitochondrial mRNA fraction was 8.5% for diabetic cells and 6.6% for non-diabetic cells, correlating with differences in cold ischemia time. A total of 384 individual cells were of sufficient quality for subsequent analyses; from this cell pool, we identified transcriptionally-distinct cell clusters whose gene expression profiles corresponded to fibroblasts, keratinocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, and endothelial cells. Fibroblast subpopulations with differing fibrotic potentials were identified, and their distributions were found to be altered in diabetic vs. non-diabetic cells. Conclusions: scRNA-seq of clinical wound samples can be achieved using minor modifications to standard processing protocols and data analysis methods. This simple approach can capture widespread transcriptional differences between diabetic and non-diabetic tissue obtained from matched wound locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Januszyk
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Kellen Chen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Dominic Henn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Deshka S. Foster
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Mimi R. Borrelli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Clark A. Bonham
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Dhananjay Wagh
- Stanford Functional Genomics Facility, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Michael T. Longaker
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Derrick C. Wan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
| | - Geoffrey C. Gurtner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; (M.J.); (K.C.); (D.H.); (D.S.F.); (M.R.B.); (C.A.B.); (D.S.); (M.T.L.); (D.C.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-650-736-2776
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17
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Duan R, Niu H, Yu T, Cui H, Yang T, Hao K, Wang C. Identification and Bioinformatic Analysis of Circular RNA Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2020; 15:1391-1401. [PMID: 32606648 PMCID: PMC7305829 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s252896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate other RNA transcripts by competing for shared microRNAs, which play roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the role of circRNAs in COPD remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the expression profile and the role of circRNAs in COPD. Patients and Methods Twenty-one COPD patients and twenty-one normal controls were recruited. Total RNAs were collected from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of each participant. CircRNAs and protein-coding mRNAs were profiled by microarray and systematically compared between patients with COPD and control subjects. The top differentially expressed circRNAs and mRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Functional analysis identified pathways relevant to the pathogenesis of COPD. Next, the circRNA target pathway network, the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network (ceRNA network) and functional ceRNA regulatory modules were constructed. Results In total, 2132 circRNAs and 2734 protein-coding mRNAs were differentially expressed (|fold change| >1.5 and P-value <0.05) in COPD patients. Six out of nine selected RNAs were confirmed by RT-qPCR validation. Our functional analysis suggested that immune imbalances and inflammatory responses play roles in the pathogenesis of COPD. The ceRNA network highlighted the differentially expressed circRNAs and their related miRNAs and mRNAs in COPD. In the circRNA target pathway network and functional ceRNA regulatory modules, hsa_circRNA_0008672 appeared in the top three KEGG pathways (NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity and Th17 cell differentiation) and may act as the miRNA sponge regulating the hsa_circRNA_0008672/miR-1265/MAPK1 axis. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate critical roles of the circRNAs in COPD molecular etiology. The data support a plausible mechanism that circRNAs may be involved in the development of COPD by affecting the immune balance. Moreover, the hsa_circRNA_0008672/miR-1265/MAPK1 axis may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD, warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Duan
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Niu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Cui
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Wang X, Li Y, Li L, Jiao Z, Liu X, Cheng G, Gu C, Hu X, Zhang W. Porcine CXCR1/2 antagonist CXCL8 (3-72)G31P inhibits lung inflammation in LPS-challenged mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1210. [PMID: 31988368 PMCID: PMC6985246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57737-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Swine pneumonia is a great threat for pig industry around the world, which is usually accompanied with neutrophils infiltration in the airway. Although interleukin-8 (CXCL8) and its receptors, CXC chemokine receptor 1 and 2 (CXCR1/2) in human have been well documented, the expression and function of CXCR1/2 is still unknown in swine. To explore the feasibility to develop new veterinary anti-inflammatory drugs targeting porcine CXCR1/2, we detected CXCR1/2 expression in swine pneumonia through Real-Time PCR and immunohistochemistry for the first time. Two porcine CXCR1/2 antagonists, CXCL8(3-72)N11R/G31P (pN11R) and CXCL8(3-72)G31P (pG31P) were prepared and their anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated using cell chemotaxis assays and animal experiments. Our data showed that CXCR1/2 expression, which was closely related to neutrophil infiltration in the lung, was significantly up-regulated in swine pneumonia. The pN11R and pG31P could effectively inhibit the directional migration of neutrophils in vitro. In vivo data also indicated that both pN11R and pG31P significantly relieved LPS-induced pneumonia in mice through decreasing the expression of TNF-α, CXCL8, and IL-1β, and inhibiting neutrophil influx into the lung. pG31P was more efficient. Our study suggested that it is possible to develop new veterinary anti-inflammatory drugs targeting porcine CXCR1/2, and pG31P is a promising candidate.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Discovery/methods
- Female
- Immunohistochemistry
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Interleukin-8/pharmacology
- Interleukin-8/therapeutic use
- Lipopolysaccharides/adverse effects
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Pneumonia/chemically induced
- Pneumonia/drug therapy
- Pneumonia/pathology
- Pneumonia/veterinary
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/isolation & purification
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Swine
- Swine Diseases/drug therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lintao Li
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Zhe Jiao
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Guofu Cheng
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Changqin Gu
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Xueying Hu
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Wanpo Zhang
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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19
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Andryukov BG, Bogdanova VD, Lyapun IN. PHENOTYPIC HETEROGENEITY OF NEUTROPHILS: NEW ANTIMICROBIC CHARACTERISTICS AND DIAGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGIES. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2019-64-2-211-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Neutrophils are the most numerous subpopulation of leukocytes circulating in the blood; they constitute the first line of defence of the innate link of the immune system.Aim. To generalize basic concepts about phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of neutrophils.General findings. According to contemporary concepts, this type of blood cells performs not only antimicrobial functions, but also participates in capture and destruction of various microorganisms, including such processes as phagocytosis and intracellular degradation, degranulation and formation of extracellular neutrophilic traps after the detection of microorganisms. Neutrophils are considered to be a phenotypically heterogeneous pool of blood cells featuring a significant functional variability. Under pathological conditions, they can differentiate into discrete subpopulations with va rious phenotypic and functional characteristics. They are capable of interaction with macrophages, natural killers, dendritic and mesenchymal stem cells, B and T lymphocytes or platelets. In addition, neutrophils exhibit vector properties with respect to cancerous tumours. They possess a high morphological and functional variability, being modulators of both inflammation and active triggers of immune responses. A search for molecular markers able to efficiently differentiate neutrophil phenotypes and establish the degree of their diagnostic specificity for various pathologies is of a particular importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. G. Andryukov
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology;
Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, Department of Basic Sciences
| | - V. D. Bogdanova
- Far Eastern Federal University, School of Biomedicine, Department of Basic Sciences
| | - I. N. Lyapun
- G.P. Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology
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20
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Rodman N, Martinez J, Fung S, Nakanouchi J, Myers AL, Harris CM, Dang E, Fernandez JS, Liu C, Mendoza AM, Jimenez V, Nikolaidis N, Brennan CA, Bonomo RA, Sieira R, Ramirez MS. Human Pleural Fluid Elicits Pyruvate and Phenylalanine Metabolism in Acinetobacter baumannii to Enhance Cytotoxicity and Immune Evasion. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1581. [PMID: 31379769 PMCID: PMC6650585 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab) is one of the most treacherous pathogens among those causing hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). A. baumannii possesses an adaptable physiology, seen not only in its antibiotic resistance and virulence phenotypes but also in its metabolic versatility. In this study, we observed that A. baumannii undergoes global transcriptional changes in response to human pleural fluid (PF), a key host-derived environmental signal. Differential gene expression analyses combined with experimental approaches revealed changes in A. baumannii metabolism, affecting cytotoxicity, persistence, bacterial killing, and chemotaxis. Over 1,220 genes representing 55% of the differentially expressed transcriptomic data corresponded to metabolic processes, including the upregulation of glutamate, short chain fatty acid, and styrene metabolism. We observed an upregulation by 1.83- and 2.61-fold of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunits E3 and E2, respectively. We also found that pyruvate (PYR), in conjunction with PF, triggers an A. baumannii pathogenic behavior that adversely impacts human epithelial cell viability. Interestingly, PF also amplified A. baumannii cytotoxicity against murine macrophages, suggesting an immune evasion strategy implemented by A. baumannii. Moreover, we uncovered opposing metabolic strategies dependent on the degree of pathogenicity of the strains, where less pathogenic strains demonstrated greater utilization of PYR to promote persister formation in the presence of PF. Additionally, our transcriptomic analysis and growth studies of A. baumannii suggest the existence of an alternative phenylalanine (PA) catabolic route independent of the phenylacetic acid pathway, which converts PA to phenylpyruvate (PP) and shuttles intermediates into styrene metabolism. This alternative route promoted a neutrophil-evasive state, as PF-induced degradation of PP significantly reduced overall human neutrophil chemotaxis in ex vivo chemotactic assays. Taken together, these data highlight A. baumannii pathoadaptabililty in response to host signals and provide further insight into the role of bacterial metabolism in virulence traits, antibiotic persistence strategies, and host innate immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nyah Rodman
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Jasmine Martinez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Sammie Fung
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Jun Nakanouchi
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Amber L. Myers
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Caitlin M. Harris
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Emily Dang
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Fernandez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Christine Liu
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Anthony M. Mendoza
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Jimenez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Nikolas Nikolaidis
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Catherine A. Brennan
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Robert A. Bonomo
- Medical Service and Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Biochemistry, Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
- CWRU-Cleveland VAMC Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Epidemiology (Case VA CARES), Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rodrigo Sieira
- Fundacioìn Instituto Leloir-IIBBA CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Soledad Ramirez
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, United States
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Chemokine Receptor 2 ( CXCR2) Gene Variants and Their Association with Periodontal Bacteria in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:2061868. [PMID: 30863202 PMCID: PMC6378799 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2061868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease caused by subgingival Gram-negative (G-) bacteria, is linked with loss of the connective tissue and destruction of the alveolar bone. In the regulation of inflammatory response, chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), a specific receptor for interleukin-8 and neutrophil chemoattractant, plays an important role. The first aim of this study was to investigate the CXCR2 gene variability in chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and healthy nonperiodontitis controls in the Czech population. The second aim was to find a relation between CXCR2 gene variants and the presence of periodontal bacteria. A total of 500 unrelated subjects participated in this case-control study. 329 CP patients and 171 healthy nonperiodontitis controls were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction techniques for three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): +785C/T (rs2230054), +1208T/C (rs1126579), and +1440A/G (rs1126580). A DNA microarray detection kit was used for the investigation of the subgingival bacterial colonization, in a subgroup of CP subjects (N = 162). No significant differences in allele, genotype, haplotype, or haplogenotype frequencies of CXCR2 gene variants between patients with CP and healthy controls (P > 0.05) were determined. Nevertheless, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans was detected more frequently in men positive for the C allele of the CXCR2 +785C/T polymorphism (61.8% vs. 41.1%, P < 0.05; OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.03-5.20) and for the T allele of the CXCR2 +1208C/T variant (61.8% vs. 38.9%, P < 0.05; OR = 2.54, 95% CI = 1.13-5.71). In contrast, no statistically significant associations of CXCR2 variants with seven selected periodontal bacteria were found in women. Although none of the investigated SNPs in the CXCR2 gene was associated with CP, the CXCR2 gene variants can be associated with subgingival colonization of G- bacteria in men with CP in the Czech population.
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Yang WK, Kim SH, Jung IC, Park YC. Effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Extract on Cigarette Smoke-Induced Airway Inflammation in a Murine Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Med Food 2019; 22:87-96. [PMID: 30614746 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including pulmonary emphysema and chronic bronchitis as well as structural and inflammatory changes in small airways, is insensitive to corticosteroid therapies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract (SB_E) in a mouse model of COPD. The COPD mouse model was produced by challenging C57BL/6 mice with a cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). SB_E significantly decreased the neutrophil counts in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP2), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1) in BALF, and TNF-α mRNA expression in lung tissue. The histological lung injury was also alleviated by treatment with SB_E. Thus, SB_E effectively inhibited airway inflammation by regulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines by blocking MIP2 and CXCL-1 secretion. Therefore, S. baicalensis may be a potential therapeutic agent for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Kyung Yang
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.,2 Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- 2 Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - In Chul Jung
- 3 Department of Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yang-Chun Park
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.,2 Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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23
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Yi YS. Regulatory Roles of the Caspase-11 Non-Canonical Inflammasome in Inflammatory Diseases. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e41. [PMID: 30619627 PMCID: PMC6312891 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an immune response mediated by innate immune cells of tissues, against invading microbes and cellular stress. The hallmark of inflammatory responses is the activation of inflammasomes — multiprotein oligomers comprising intracellular pattern recognition receptors and inflammatory effectors — such as ASC and pro-cysteine-aspartic protease (pro-caspase)-1. Inflammasomes can be classified as canonical or non-canonical, and their activation in response to various ligands commonly induces caspase-1 activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD) processing, leading to caspase-1-mediated maturation and secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis through pore generation in cell membranes. Although inflammation protects the host from harmful stimuli, chronic inflammation is a critical risk factor for inflammatory diseases, and several studies have investigated the role of canonical inflammasomes in inflammatory responses and diseases, with emerging studies focusing on the role of non-canonical inflammasomes. This review discusses recent studies on the regulatory roles of the caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Additionally, it provides an insight into the development of novel therapeutics based on targeting caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasome and its downstream effectors to prevent and treat human inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Su Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Engineering, Cheongju University, Cheongju 28503, Korea
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24
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Acute Lung Injury in Response to Intratracheal Instillation of Lipopolysaccharide in an Animal Model of Emphysema Induced by Elastase. Inflammation 2018; 41:174-182. [PMID: 28975419 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-017-0675-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The response of lungs with emphysema to an acute lung injury (ALI) remains unclear. This study compared the lung response to intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats with and without emphysema. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomized to four groups: control group (C-G), ALI group (ALI-G), emphysema group (E-G), emphysema and ALI group (E-ALI-G). Euthanasia and the following analysis were performed 24 h after ALI induction: lung histology, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), mRNA expression of inflammatory mediators, and blood gas measures. The histological analysis showed that animals of ALI-G (0.55 ± 0.15) and E-ALI-G (0.69 ± 0.08) had a higher ALI score compared to C-G (0.12 ± 0.04) and E-G (0.16 ± 0.04) (p < 0.05). The analysis of each component of the score demonstrated that ALI-G and E-ALI-G had greater alveolar and interstitial neutrophil infiltration, as well as greater amount of alveolar proteinaceous debris. Comparing the two groups that received LPS, there was a trend of higher ALI in the E-ALI-G, specially due to a higher neutrophil infiltration in the alveolar spaces and a higher septal thickening. Total cell count (E-G = 3.09 ± 0.83; ALI-G = 4.45 ± 1.9; E-ALI-G = 5.9 ± 2.1; C-G = 0.73 ± 0.37 × 105) and neutrophil count (E-G = 0.69 ± 0.35; ALI-G = 2.53 ± 1.09; E-ALI-G = 3.86 ± 1.4; C-G = 0.09 ± 0.07 × 105) in the BAL were higher in the groups E-G, ALI-G, and E-ALI-G when compared to C-G (p < 0.05). The IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL2 mRNA expressions were higher in the animals that received LPS (ALI-G and E-ALI-G) compared to the C-G and E-G (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed in the BAL cellularity and in the expression of inflammatory mediators between the ALI-G and the E-ALI-G. The severity of ALI in response to intratracheal instillation of LPS did not show difference in rats with and without intratracheal-induced emphysema.
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25
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Therapeutic Engineered Hydrogel Coatings Attenuate the Foreign Body Response in Submuscular Implants. Ann Plast Surg 2018; 80:S410-S417. [DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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26
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Derler R, Gesslbauer B, Weber C, Strutzmann E, Miller I, Kungl A. Glycosaminoglycan-Mediated Downstream Signaling of CXCL8 Binding to Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122605. [PMID: 29207576 PMCID: PMC5751208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of leukocytes, mediated by endothelium bound chemokine gradients, is a vital process in inflammation. The highly negatively charged, unbranched polysaccharide family of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate mediate chemokine immobilization. Specifically the binding of CXCL8 (interleukin 8) to GAGs on endothelial cell surfaces is known to regulate neutrophil recruitment. Currently, it is not clear if binding of CXCL8 to GAGs leads to endothelial downstream signaling in addition to the typical CXCR1/CXCR2 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 and 2)-mediated signaling which activates neutrophils. Here we have investigated the changes in protein expression of human microvascular endothelial cells induced by CXCL8. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) stimulation was used to mimic an inflammatory state which allowed us to identify syndecan-4 (SDC4) as the potential proteoglycan co-receptor of CXCL8 by gene array, real-time PCR and flow cytometry experiments. Enzymatic GAG depolymerization via heparinase III and chondroitinase ABC was used to emulate the effect of glycocalyx remodeling on CXCL8-induced endothelial downstream signaling. Proteomic analyses showed changes in the expression pattern of a number of endothelial proteins such as Zyxin and Caldesmon involved in cytoskeletal organization, cell adhesion and cell mobility. These results demonstrate for the first time a potential role of GAG-mediated endothelial downstream signaling in addition to the well-known CXCL8-CXCR1/CXCR2 signaling pathways in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Derler
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Bernd Gesslbauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Corinna Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Strutzmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Kungl
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Esnault S, Bernau K, Torr EE, Bochkov YA, Jarjour NN, Sandbo N. RNA-sequencing analysis of lung primary fibroblast response to eosinophil-degranulation products predicts downstream effects on inflammation, tissue remodeling and lipid metabolism. Respir Res 2017; 18:188. [PMID: 29126429 PMCID: PMC5681771 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0669-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of eosinophils with inflammation and tissue remodeling is at least partially due to their release of toxic granule proteins and other mediators, including cytokines. Tissue remodeling and consequent functional defects are affected by activity of connective tissue fibroblasts. Exaggerated fibroblast activation, accumulation and change of phenotype may lead to fibrosis and loss of tissue function. So far, little information has been reported on how eosinophils affect inflammation and tissue remodeling via the activation of fibroblasts. We have recently shown that eosinophil activation with IL-3 led to a robust eosinophil degranulation on immunoglobin-G (IgG) coated plates. Thus, in the present study, we analyze the effects of IL-3-activated eosinophil degranulation products on primary human lung fibroblasts (HLF) using whole transcriptome sequencing. METHODS Conditioned media was obtained from eosinophils that were pre-activated with IL-3 or IL-5 and subsequently cultured for 6 h on IgG to induce degranulation. This conditioned media was added on human lung fibroblasts (HLF) for 24 h and the cell lysates were then subjected to whole transcriptome sequencing to identify global changes in gene expression. Differentially expressed genes were analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), and validated by qPCR. RESULTS In HLF, the expression level of 300 genes was changed by conditioned media from IL-3-activated eosinophils compared to control fibroblast cultures. Among these 300 genes, the expression level of 35 genes coding for known proteins was upregulated by IL-3- versus IL-5-pre-activated eosinophils. Of the 35 upregulated genes, IPA identified C3, CH25H, CXCL1, CXCL8, CYP1A1, ICAM1, IL6 and UCN2 as having downstream functions on inflammation, tissue remodeling and lipid synthesis. This analysis combined with previous RNA sequencing analyses of eosinophils suggest IL-1ß, OSM and TNFSF12 as potential upstream regulators of fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified several novel pro-inflammatory and pro-remodeling mediators produced by fibroblasts in response to activated eosinophils. These findings may have significant implications on the role of eosinophil/fibroblast interactions in eosinophilic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
| | - Ksenija Bernau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Torr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Yury A Bochkov
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Nizar N Jarjour
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, K4/928 Clinical Science Center MC 9988, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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Ladarixin, a dual CXCR1/2 inhibitor, attenuates experimental melanomas harboring different molecular defects by affecting malignant cells and tumor microenvironment. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14428-14442. [PMID: 28129639 PMCID: PMC5362416 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR1 and CXCR2 chemokine receptors and their ligands (CXCL1/2/3/7/8) play an important role in tumor progression. Tested to date CXCR1/2 antagonists and chemokine-targeted antibodies were reported to affect malignant cells in vitro and in animal models. Yet, redundancy of chemotactic signals and toxicity hinder further clinical development of these approaches. In this pre-clinical study we investigated the capacity of a novel small molecule dual CXCR1/2 inhibitor, Ladarixin (LDX), to attenuate progression of experimental human melanomas. Our data showed that LDX-mediated inhibition of CXCR1/2 abrogated motility and induced apoptosis in cultured cutaneous and uveal melanoma cells and xenografts independently of the molecular defects associated with the malignant phenotype. These effects were mediated by the inhibition of AKT and NF-kB signaling pathways. Moreover, systemic treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with LDX also polarized intratumoral macrophages to M1 phenotype, abrogated intratumoral de novo angiogenesis and inhibited melanoma self-renewal. Collectively, these studies outlined the pre-requisites of the successful CXCR1/2 inhibition on malignant cells and demonstrated multifactorial effects of Ladarixin on cutaneous and uveal melanomas, suggesting therapeutic utility of LDX in treatment of various melanoma types.
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Calverley PMA, Sethi S, Dawson M, Ward CK, Finch DK, Penney M, Newbold P, van der Merwe R. A randomised, placebo-controlled trial of anti-interleukin-1 receptor 1 monoclonal antibody MEDI8968 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2017; 18:153. [PMID: 28793896 PMCID: PMC5551010 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) inhibition is a potential strategy for treating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MEDI8968, a fully human monoclonal antibody, binds selectively to IL-1R1, inhibiting activation by IL-1α and IL-1β. We studied the efficacy and safety/tolerability of MEDI8968 in adults with symptomatic, moderate-to-very severe COPD. METHODS This was a phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, parallel-group study. Subjects aged 45-75 years and receiving standard maintenance therapy with ≥2 exacerbations in the past year were randomised 1:1 to receive placebo or MEDI8968 300 mg (600 mg intravenous loading dose) subcutaneously every 4 weeks, for 52 weeks. The primary endpoint was the moderate/severe acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD) rate (week 56 post-randomisation). Secondary endpoints were severe AECOPD rate and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire-COPD (SGRQ-C) score (week 56 post-randomisation). RESULTS Of subjects randomised to placebo (n = 164) and MEDI8968 (n = 160), 79.3% and 75.0%, respectively, completed the study. There were neither statistically significant differences between treatment groups in moderate/severe AECOPD rate ([90% confidence interval]: 0.78 [0.63, 0.96], placebo; 0.71 [0.57, 0.90], MEDI8968), nor in severe AECOPD rate or SGRQ-C scores. Post-hoc analysis of subject subgroups (by baseline neutrophil count or tertiles of circulating neutrophil counts) did not alter the study outcome. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) with placebo and MEDI8968 treatment was similar. The most common TEAE was worsening of COPD. CONCLUSIONS In this phase II study, MEDI8968 did not produce statistically significant improvements in AECOPD rate, lung function or quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01448850 , date of registration: 06 October 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. A. Calverley
- School of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Clinical Science Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool, L9 7AL UK
| | - Sanjay Sethi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY USA
| | | | - Christine K. Ward
- MedImmmune, Gaithersburg, MD USA
- Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ USA
| | | | - Mark Penney
- MedImmune, Cambridge, UK
- Present address: UCB Pharma, Slough, UK
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Lee CM, Peng HH, Yang P, Liou JT, Liao CC, Day YJ. C-C Chemokine Ligand-5 is critical for facilitating macrophage infiltration in the early phase of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28623253 PMCID: PMC5473895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CCL5/RANTES, a chemoattractant for myeloid cells, is induced by hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). The roles of CCL5 in hepatic IRI were carried out by means of CCL5 immunodepletion, antagonistic competition by Met-CCL5, and treatment with recombinant murine CCL5 (rmCCL5). Depletion or inhibition of CCL5 reduced severity of hepatic IRI, whereas rmCCL5 treatment aggravated liver IRI as manifested in elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Moreover, IRI severity was reduced in CCL5-knockout (CCL5-KO) mice versus wildtype (WT) mice, with drops in serum ALT level, intrahepatic MPO activity, and histological pathology. Bone marrow transplantion (BMT) studies show that myeloid cells and tissue cells are both required for CCL5-aggravated hepatic IRI. The profile of liver-infiltrating leukocyte subsets after hepatic reperfusion identified CD11b+ cells as the only compartment significantly reduced in CCL5-KO mice versus WT controls at early reperfusion phase. The role of CCL5 recruiting CD11b+ cells in early reperfusion was validated by in vitro transwell migration assay of murine primary macrophages (broadly characterized by their CD11b expression) in response to liver lysates after early reperfusion. Taken together, our results demonstrate a sequence of early events elicited by CCL5 chemoattracting macrophage that result in inflammatory aggravation of hepatic IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiou-Mei Lee
- Laboratory Animal Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hsin Peng
- Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Polung Yang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ji Day
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan. .,Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Raicevic G, Najar M, Busser H, Crompot E, Bron D, Toungouz M, Lagneaux L. Comparison and immunobiological characterization of retinoic acid inducible gene-I-like receptor expression in mesenchymal stromal cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2896. [PMID: 28588282 PMCID: PMC5460162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties, Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have generated major interests in several clinical settings including transplantation and inflammatory diseases. MSC functions can be influenced by their tissue origin. Their microenvironment strongly affects their biology notably through TLR sensing. In this study, we show that MSC isolated from four different sources express another type of cytosolic pathogen recognition receptors known as retinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR). RLR activation in MSC induces the production of Type I IFN (IFN-β) and Type III IFN (IFN-λ1). The highest producers are adipose tissue(AT)-MSC. We further show that Interferon production is induced through TBK1/IKK-ε signaling and IRF7 phosphorylation. Depending on MSC source, the knockdown of TLR3 and/or RIG-I decreases the MSC response to RLR ligand poly(I:C)/Lyovec. Among the different MSC types, AT-MSCs display the highest sensitivity to viral stimuli as shown by the alteration of their viability after prolonged stimulation. Our work indicates that this could be linked to an increase of pro-apoptotic Noxa expression. Finally, the expression of IDO1 and LIF upon RLR activation indicate the increase of MSC immunomodulatory potential, especially in AT-MSCs. Altogether, these data should be considered when designing MSC-based therapy in clinical settings where inflammation or infection are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Raicevic
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hélène Busser
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emerence Crompot
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Toungouz
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Immunology-Hematology-Transfusion, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Globally, as a leading agent of acute respiratory tract infections in children <5 years of age and the elderly, the human metapneumovirus (HMPV) has gained considerable attention. As inferred from studies comparing vaccinated and experimentally infected mice, the acquired immune response elicited by this pathogen fails to efficiently clear the virus from the airways, which leads to an exaggerated inflammatory response and lung damage. Furthermore, after disease resolution, there is a poor development of T and B cell immunological memory, which is believed to promote reinfections and viral spread in the community. In this article, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that shape the interactions of HMPV with host tissues that lead to pulmonary pathology and to the development of adaptive immunity that fails to protect against natural infections by this virus.
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Shin IS, Ahn KS, Shin NR, Lee HJ, Ryu HW, Kim JW, Sohn KY, Kim HJ, Han YH, Oh SR. Protective effect of EC-18, a synthetic monoacetyldiglyceride on lung inflammation in a murine model induced by cigarette smoke and lipopolysaccharide. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 30:62-68. [PMID: 26655742 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The antler of Sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck) has been used a natural medicine in Korea, China and Japan, and a monoacetyldiaglyceride (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetylglycerol, PLAG) was found in the antler of Sika deer as a constituent for immunomodulation. In this study, we investigated protective effects of EC-18 (a synthetic copy of PLAG) on inflammatory responses using a cigarette smoke with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced airway inflammation model. Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 1h per day for 3days. Ten micrograms of LPS dissolved in 50μL of PBS was administered intra nasally 1h after the final cigarette smoke exposure. EC-18 was administered by oral gavage at doses of 30 and 60mg/kg for 3days. EC-18 significantly reduced the number of neutrophils, reactive oxygen species production, cytokines and elastase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) compared with the cigarette smoke and LPS induced mice. Histologically, EC-18 attenuated airway inflammation with a reduction in myeloperoxidase expression in lung tissue. Additionally, EC-18 inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB and IκB induced by cigarette smoke and LPS exposure. Our results show that EC-18 effectively suppresses neutrophilic inflammation induced by cigarette smoke and LPS exposure. In conclusion, this study suggests that EC-18 has therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Sik Shin
- Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Seop Ahn
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Rae Shin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wha Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 125, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Young Sohn
- ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Jae Kim
- ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hae Han
- ENZYCHEM Lifesciences, 103-6, KAIST-ICC F741, Munjidong, Daejeon 305-732, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Cheongju, Chungbuk 363-883, Republic of Korea.
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Uthayashanker RE, Rita MH. Preliminary screening of anti-inflammatory effect of phytochemicals on chemotaxis of human neutrophils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.5897/jpp2015.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Higham A, Booth G, Lea S, Southworth T, Plumb J, Singh D. The effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophages: a pooled analysis. Respir Res 2015; 16:98. [PMID: 26289362 PMCID: PMC4545868 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0260-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is large variation in the therapeutic response to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD patients. We present a pooled analysis of our previous studies investigating the effects of corticosteroids on lung macrophages, in order to robustly determine whether corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD cells is reduced compared to controls, and also to evaluate the degree of between individual variation in drug response. METHODS Data from 20 never smokers (NS), 27 smokers (S) and 45 COPD patients was used. Lung macropahges had been stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with or without the corticosteroid dexamethasone, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 8 production was measured. RESULTS There was no difference in the anti-inflammatory effects of corticosteroids when comparing group mean data of COPD patients versus controls. The inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 was greater than CXCL8. The effects of corticosteroids varied considerably between subjects, particularly at lower corticosteroid concentrations. CONCLUSIONS We confirm that overall corticosteroid sensitivity in COPD lung macrophages is not reduced compared to controls. The varied effect of corticosteroids between subjects suggests that some individuals have an inherently poor corticosteroid response. The limited suppression of lung macrophage derived CXCL8 may promote neutrophilic inflammation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - George Booth
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Simon Lea
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Thomas Southworth
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Jonathan Plumb
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Dave Singh
- Centre for Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and University Hospital of South Manchester, NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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Havixbeck JJ, Rieger AM, Wong ME, Hodgkinson JW, Barreda DR. Neutrophil contributions to the induction and regulation of the acute inflammatory response in teleost fish. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:241-52. [PMID: 26292979 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0215-064r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are essential to the acute inflammatory response, where they serve as the first line of defense against infiltrating pathogens. We report that, on receiving the necessary signals, teleost (Carassius auratus) neutrophils leave the hematopoietic kidney, enter into the circulation, and dominate the initial influx of cells into a site of inflammation. Unlike mammals, teleost neutrophils represent <5% of circulating leukocytes during periods of homeostasis. However, this increases to nearly 50% immediately after intraperitoneal challenge with zymosan, identifying a period of neutrophilia that precedes the peak influx of neutrophils into the challenge site at 18 h after injection). We demonstrate that neutrophils at the site of inflammation alter their phenotype throughout the acute inflammatory response, and contribute to both the induction and the resolution of inflammation. However, neutrophils isolated during the proinflammatory phase (18 h after injection) produced robust respiratory burst responses, released inflammation-associated leukotriene B(4), and induced macrophages to increase reactive oxygen species production. In contrast, neutrophils isolated at 48 h after infection (proresolving phase) displayed low levels of reactive oxygen species, released the proresolving lipid mediator lipoxin A(4), and downregulated reactive oxygen species production in macrophages before the initiation of apoptosis. Lipoxin A(4) was a significant contributor to the uptake of apoptotic cells by teleost macrophages and also played a role, at least in part, in the downregulation of macrophage reactive oxygen species production. Our results highlight the contributions of neutrophils to both the promotion and the regulation of teleost fish inflammation and provide added context for the evolution of this hematopoietic lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Havixbeck
- Departments of *Biological Sciences and Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aja M Rieger
- Departments of *Biological Sciences and Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael E Wong
- Departments of *Biological Sciences and Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jordan W Hodgkinson
- Departments of *Biological Sciences and Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel R Barreda
- Departments of *Biological Sciences and Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Planagumà A, Domènech T, Pont M, Calama E, García-González V, López R, Aulí M, López M, Fonquerna S, Ramos I, de Alba J, Nueda A, Prats N, Segarra V, Miralpeix M, Lehner MD. Combined anti CXC receptors 1 and 2 therapy is a promising anti-inflammatory treatment for respiratory diseases by reducing neutrophil migration and activation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 34:37-45. [PMID: 26271598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration and activation in the lung are important pathophysiological features in COPD, severe asthma and bronchiectasis mostly mediated by CXCL8 and CXCL1 via CXCR1 and CXCR2. No thorough study to date has been performed to compare the anti-inflammatory effect profile of dual CXCR1/2 vs. selective CXCR2 antagonists in relevant human neutrophil assays and pulmonary inflammation models. Dual CXCR1/2 (SCH527123, diaminocyclobutandione-1) and selective CXCR2 (SB265610, thiopyrimidine-1) antagonist activity and receptor residence time were determined by [(35)S]GTPγS binding in human (h)- and guinea pig (gp)-CXCR1 and CXCR2 overexpressing membranes. h-neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation and ROS production were established using CXCL8 or CXCL1 to evaluate dual CXCR1/2- or selective CXCR2-dependent activities. LPS-induced lung inflammation in gp was selected to assess in vivo potency. Dual CXCR1/2 antagonists blocked both CXCL8 and CXCL1-induced h-neutrophil functions and [(35)S]GTPγS binding. In contrary, selective CXCR2 antagonists displayed significantly reduced potency in CXCL8 -mediated h-neutrophil responses despite being active in CXCR2 assays. Upon LPS challenge in gp, administration of SCH527123 inhibited the increase of neutrophils in BALF, modestly reduced blood neutrophils and induced minor neutrophil accumulation in bone marrow. Differentiation of CXCR1/2 vs. CXCR2 antagonists could not be extended to in vivo due to differences in CXCR1 receptor homology between h and gp. Dual CXCR1/2 therapy may represent a promising anti-inflammatory treatment for respiratory diseases reducing more effectively neutrophil migration and activation in the lung than a CXCR2 selective treatment. However, the in vivo confirmation of this claim is still missing due to species differences in CXCR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Planagumà
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - T Domènech
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pont
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Calama
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V García-González
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R López
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Aulí
- Pathology and Predictive Toxicology Section, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López
- Computational and Structural Drug Discovery Department, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Fonquerna
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Ramos
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J de Alba
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Nueda
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Prats
- Pathology and Predictive Toxicology Section, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Segarra
- Computational and Structural Drug Discovery Department, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Miralpeix
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M D Lehner
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Lam DCL, Chan SCH, Mak JCW, Freeman C, Ip MSM, Shum DKY. S-maltoheptaose targets syndecan-bound effectors to reduce smoking-related neutrophilic inflammation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12945. [PMID: 26256047 PMCID: PMC4530444 DOI: 10.1038/srep12945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke induces injury and neutrophilic inflammation in the airways of smokers. The stability and activity of inflammatory effectors, IL8 and neutrophil elastase (NE), can be prolonged by binding to airway heparan sulfate (HS)/syndecan-1, posing risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). We hypothesize that antagonizing HS/syndecan-1 binding of the inflammatory effectors could reduce smoking-related neutrophil-mediated airway inflammation. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) of COPD patients found both total and unopposed NE levels to be significantly higher among smokers with COPD than non-COPD subjects. Similar NE burden was observed in smoke-exposed rats compared to sham air controls. We chose sulfated-maltoheptaose(SM), a heparin-mimetic, to antagonize HS/sydecan-1 binding of the inflammatory mediators in airway fluids and lung tissues of the smoke-exposed rat model. Airway treatment with SM resulted in displacement of CINC-1 and NE from complexation with bronchio-epithelial HS/syndecan-1, dissipating the chemokine gradient for neutrophil flux across to the bronchial lumen. Following SM displacement of NE from shed HS/syndecan-1 in bronchial fluids, NE became accessible to inhibition by α1-antitrypsin endogenous in test samples. The antagonistic actions of SM against syndecan-1 binding of NE and CINC-1 in smoke-exposed airways suggest new therapeutic opportunities for modulating airway inflammation in smokers with SM delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C L Lam
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Stanley C H Chan
- 1] Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China. [2] Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- 1] Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China. [2] Department of Pharmacology &Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Craig Freeman
- Department of Immunology, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Daisy K Y Shum
- Department of Biochemistry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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The impact of ATRA on shaping human myeloid cell responses to epithelial cell-derived stimuli and on T-lymphocyte polarization. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:579830. [PMID: 25944986 PMCID: PMC4405019 DOI: 10.1155/2015/579830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A plays an essential role in the maintenance of gut homeostasis but its interplay with chemokines has not been explored so far. Using an in vitro model system we studied the effects of human colonic epithelial cells (Caco2, HT-29, and HCT116) derived inflammatory stimuli on monocyte-derived dendritic cells and macrophages. Unstimulated Caco2 and HT-29 cells secreted CCL19, CCL21, and CCL22 chemokines, which could attract dendritic cells and macrophages and induced CCR7 receptor up-regulation by retinoic-acid resulting in dendritic cell migration. The chemokines Mk, CXCL16, and CXCL7 were secreted by all the 3 cell lines tested, and upon stimulation by IL-1β or TNF-α this effect was inhibited by ATRA but had no impact on CXCL1, CXCL8, and CCL20 secretion in response to IL-1β. In the presence of ATRA the supernatants of these cells induced CD103 expression on monocyte-derived dendritic cells and when conditioned by ATRA and cocultured with CD4+ T-lymphocytes they reduced the proportion of Th17 T-cells. However, in the macrophage-T-cell cocultures the number of these effector T-cells was increased. Thus cytokine-activated colonic epithelial cells trigger the secretion of distinct combinations of chemokines depending on the proinflammatory stimulus and are controlled by retinoic acid, which also governs dendritic cell and macrophage responses.
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40
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Air pollution particulate matter alters antimycobacterial respiratory epithelium innate immunity. Infect Immun 2015; 83:2507-17. [PMID: 25847963 DOI: 10.1128/iai.03018-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhalation exposure to indoor air pollutants and cigarette smoke increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Whether exposure to ambient air pollution particulate matter (PM) alters protective human host immune responses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been little studied. Here, we examined the effect of PM from Iztapalapa, a municipality of Mexico City, with aerodynamic diameters below 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) on innate antimycobacterial immune responses in human alveolar type II epithelial cells of the A549 cell line. Exposure to PM2.5 or PM10 deregulated the ability of the A549 cells to express the antimicrobial peptides human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2) and HBD-3 upon infection with M. tuberculosis and increased intracellular M. tuberculosis growth (as measured by CFU count). The observed modulation of antibacterial responsiveness by PM exposure was associated with the induction of senescence in PM-exposed A549 cells and was unrelated to PM-mediated loss of cell viability. Thus, the induction of senescence and downregulation of HBD-2 and HBD-3 expression in respiratory PM-exposed epithelial cells leading to enhanced M. tuberculosis growth represent mechanisms by which exposure to air pollution PM may increase the risk of M. tuberculosis infection and the development of TB.
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Mitsuyama T, Uchida K, Sumimoto K, Fukui Y, Ikeura T, Fukui T, Nishio A, Shikata N, Uemura Y, Satoi S, Mizuno N, Notohara K, Shimosegawa T, Zamboni G, Frulloni L, Okazaki K. Comparison of neutrophil infiltration between type 1 and type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis. Pancreatology 2015; 15:271-80. [PMID: 25818196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Characteristics of type 2 autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is granulocyte epithelial lesions, called idiopathic duct-centric pancreatitis (IDCP). To clarify pathogenesis of IDCP, we investigated mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in type 1 AIP, called lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP) and IDCP. METHOD This study was performed on resected pancreata from patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis (ACP, n = 10), LPSP (n = 10) and IDCP (n = 12). The number of neutrophils around the pancreatic ducts was counted. The expression of neutrophils chemoattractants granulocyte chemotactic protein-2 (GCP-2) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in the pancreatic duct epithelia was examined using immunohistochemistry. The cell staining intensity is scored as negative (0), weak (1), moderate (2) or strong (3). RESULTS The median number of neutrophils around the interlobular pancreatic ducts was significantly higher in IDCP (15.16; interquartile range [IQR]: 9.74-18.41) than in ACP (2.66; IQR: 1.33-4.33) (P < 0.05) and LPSP (3.16; IQR: 2.74-4.57) (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the median number of neutrophils around the intralobular pancreatic ducts among ACP (1.16; IQR: 0.33-3.41), LPSP (3.16; IQR: 0.74-5.5) and IDCP (3.00; IQR: 1.08-7.91). The median score of GCP-2 in the interlobular pancreatic duct epithelia was significantly higher in IDCP (1.5; IQR: 0.25-2) than in ACP (0; IQR: 0-0.75) (P < 0.05) and LPSP (0; IQR: 0-0.75) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the median score of IL-8 in the interlobular pancreatic duct epithelia among ACP (0; IQR: 0-0.75), LPSP (1; IQR: 0-1.75) and IDCP (0.5; IQR: 0-1). CONCLUSIONS Significantly increased neutrophil infiltration around the interlobular pancreatic duct in IDCP may depend on GCP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Mitsuyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Kazushige Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Kimi Sumimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Yuri Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Toshiro Fukui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Nishio
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiko Uemura
- Department of Pathology, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Sohei Satoi
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
| | - Kenji Notohara
- Department of Pathology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
| | - Tooru Shimosegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Luca Frulloni
- Department of Medicine, Pancreas Center, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Kazuichi Okazaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kansai Medical University, Japan.
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42
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Hung JY, Chiang SR, Tsai MJ, Tsai YM, Chong IW, Shieh JM, Hsu YL. LIGHT Is a Crucial Mediator of Airway Remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1042-53. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yu Hung
- School of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Ren Chiang
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chi Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ming Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Inn-Wen Chong
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital; Kaohsiung Taiwan
- Department of Respiratory Therapy; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Min Shieh
- Department of Internal Medicine; Chi Mei Medical Center; Tainan Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine; College of Medicine; Kaohsiung Medical University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
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43
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Asthma "of horses and men"--how can equine heaves help us better understand human asthma immunopathology and its functional consequences? Mol Immunol 2014; 66:97-105. [PMID: 25547716 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Animal models have been studied to unravel etiological, immunopathological, and genetic attributes leading to asthma. However, while experiments in which the disease is artificially induced have helped discovering biological and molecular pathways leading to allergic airway inflammation, their contribution to the understanding of the causality of the disease has been more limited. Horses naturally suffer from an asthma-like condition called "heaves" which presents sticking similarities with human asthma. It is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, airway neutrophilic inflammation, and a predominant Th2 immune response. This model allows one to investigate the role of neutrophils in asthma, which remains contentious, the regulation of chronic neutrophilic inflammation, and their possible implication in pulmonary allergic responses. Furthermore, the pulmonary remodeling features in heaves closely resemble those of human asthma, which makes this model unique to investigate the kinetics, reversibility, as well as the physiological consequences of tissue remodeling. In conclusion, heaves and asthma share common clinical presentation and also important immunological and tissue remodeling features. This makes heaves an ideal model for the discovery of novel pathways implicated in the asthmatic inflammation and associated tissue remodeling.
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44
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Deficiency of the two-pore-domain potassium channel TREK-1 promotes hyperoxia-induced lung injury. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e692-701. [PMID: 25126877 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously reported the expression of the two-pore-domain K channel TREK-1 in lung epithelial cells and proposed a role for this channel in the regulation of alveolar epithelial cytokine secretion. In this study, we focused on investigating the role of TREK-1 in vivo in the development of hyperoxia-induced lung injury. DESIGN Laboratory animal experiments. SETTING University research laboratory. SUBJECTS Wild-type and TREK-1-deficient mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice were anesthetized and exposed to 1) room air, no mechanical ventilation, 2) 95% hyperoxia for 24 hours, and 3) 95% hyperoxia for 24 hours followed by mechanical ventilation for 4 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hyperoxia exposure accentuated lung injury in TREK-1-deficient mice but not controls, resulting in increase in lung injury scores, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers, and cellular apoptosis and a decrease in quasi-static lung compliance. Exposure to a combination of hyperoxia and injurious mechanical ventilation resulted in further morphological lung damage and increased lung injury scores and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell numbers in control but not TREK-1-deficient mice. At baseline and after hyperoxia exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage cytokine levels were unchanged in TREK-1-deficient mice compared with controls. Exposure to hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation resulted in an increase in bronchoalveolar lavage interleukin-6, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in both mouse types, but the increase in interleukin-6 and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels was less prominent in TREK-1-deficient mice than in controls. Lung tissue macrophage inflammatory protein-2, keratinocyte-derived cytokine, and interleukin-1β gene expression was not altered by hyperoxia in TREK-1-deficient mice compared with controls. Furthermore, we show for the first time TREK-1 expression on alveolar macrophages and unimpaired tumor necrosis factor-α secretion from TREK-1-deficient macrophages. CONCLUSIONS TREK-1 deficiency resulted in increased sensitivity of lungs to hyperoxia, but this effect is less prominent if overwhelming injury is induced by the combination of hyperoxia and injurious mechanical ventilation. TREK-1 may constitute a new potential target for the development of novel treatment strategies against hyperoxia-induced lung injury.
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45
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Mikami Y, Matsuzaki H, Horie M, Noguchi S, Jo T, Narumoto O, Kohyama T, Takizawa H, Nagase T, Yamauchi Y. Lymphotoxin β receptor signaling induces IL-8 production in human bronchial epithelial cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114791. [PMID: 25501580 PMCID: PMC4263477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma-related mortality has been decreasing due to inhaled corticosteroid use, but severe asthma remains a major clinical problem. One characteristic of severe asthma is resistance to steroid therapy, which is related to neutrophilic inflammation. Recently, the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member (TNFSF) 14/LIGHT has been recognized as a key mediator in severe asthmatic airway inflammation. However, the profiles and intracellular mechanisms of cytokine/chemokine production induced in cells by LIGHT are poorly understood. We aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of LIGHT-induced cytokine/chemokine production by bronchial epithelial cells. Human bronchial epithelial cells express lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR), but not herpesvirus entry mediator, which are receptors for LIGHT. LIGHT induced various cytokines/chemokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, oncostatin M, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, growth-regulated protein α and IL-8. Specific siRNA for LTβR attenuated IL-6 and IL-8 production by BEAS-2B and normal human bronchial epithelial cells. LIGHT activated intracellular signaling, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. LIGHT also induced luciferase activity of NF-κB response element, but not of activator protein-1 or serum response element. Specific inhibitors of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and that of inhibitor κB attenuated IL-8 production, suggesting that LIGHT-LTβR signaling induces IL-8 production via the Erk and NF-κB pathways. LIGHT, via LTβR signaling, may contribute to exacerbation of airway neutrophilic inflammation through cytokine and chemokine production by bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mikami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Matsuzaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Horie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taisuke Jo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Narumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kohyama
- Department of Internal medicine, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Takizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kyorin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Nagase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yamauchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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46
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Maeda DY, Peck AM, Schuler A, Quinn MT, Kirpotina LN, Wicomb WN, Fan GH, Zebala JA. Discovery of 2-[5-(4-Fluorophenylcarbamoyl)pyridin-2-ylsulfanylmethyl]phenylboronic Acid (SX-517): Noncompetitive Boronic Acid Antagonist of CXCR1 and CXCR2. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8378-97. [PMID: 25254640 PMCID: PMC4207547 DOI: 10.1021/jm500827t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled chemokine receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 play key roles in inflammatory diseases and carcinogenesis. In inflammation, they activate and recruit polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) through binding of the chemokines CXCL1 (CXCR1) and CXCL8 (CXCR1 and CXCR2). Structure-activity studies that examined the effect of a novel series of S-substituted 6-mercapto-N-phenyl-nicotinamides on CXCL1-stimulated Ca(2+) flux in whole human PMNs led to the discovery of 2-[5-(4-fluorophenylcarbamoyl)pyridin-2-ylsulfanylmethyl]phenylboronic acid (SX-517), a potent noncompetitive boronic acid CXCR1/2 antagonist. SX-517 inhibited CXCL1-induced Ca(2+) flux (IC50 = 38 nM) in human PMNs but had no effect on the Ca(2+) flux induced by C5a, fMLF, or PAF. In recombinant HEK293 cells that stably expressed CXCR2, SX-517 antagonized CXCL8-induced [(35)S]GTPγS binding (IC50 = 60 nM) and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Inhibition was noncompetitive, with SX-517 unable to compete the binding of [(125)I]-CXCL8 to CXCR2 membranes. SX-517 (0.2 mg/kg iv) significantly inhibited inflammation in an in vivo murine model. SX-517 is the first reported boronic acid chemokine antagonist and represents a novel pharmacophore for CXCR1/2 antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Y. Maeda
- Syntrix
Biosystems, 215 Clay
Street, Auburn, Washington 98001, United States
| | - Angela M. Peck
- Syntrix
Biosystems, 215 Clay
Street, Auburn, Washington 98001, United States
| | - Aaron
D. Schuler
- Syntrix
Biosystems, 215 Clay
Street, Auburn, Washington 98001, United States
| | - Mark T. Quinn
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana
State University, 960
Technology Boulevard, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Liliya N. Kirpotina
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana
State University, 960
Technology Boulevard, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Winston N. Wicomb
- Infectious
Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Guo-Huang Fan
- Department
of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. DB Todd Boulevard, Nashville, Tennessee 37208, United States
| | - John A. Zebala
- Syntrix
Biosystems, 215 Clay
Street, Auburn, Washington 98001, United States
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47
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Amsalem H, Kwan M, Hazan A, Zhang J, Jones RL, Whittle W, Kingdom JCP, Croy BA, Lye SJ, Dunk CE. Identification of a novel neutrophil population: proangiogenic granulocytes in second-trimester human decidua. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:3070-9. [PMID: 25135830 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The maternal leukocytes of the first-trimester decidua play a fundamental role in implantation and early development of the fetus and placenta, yet little is known regarding the second-trimester decidual environment. Our multicolor flow cytometric analyses of human decidual leukocytes detected an elevation in tissue resident neutrophils in the second trimester. These cells in both human and murine samples were spatially restricted to decidua basalis. In comparison with peripheral blood neutrophils (PMNs), the decidual neutrophils expressed high levels of neutrophil activation markers and the angiogenesis-related proteins: vascular endothelial growth factor-A, Arginase-1, and CCL2, similarly shown in tumor-associated neutrophils. Functional in vitro assays showed that second-trimester human decidua conditioned medium stimulated transendothelial PMN invasion, upregulated VEGFA, ARG1, CCL2, and ICAM1 mRNA levels, and increased PMN-driven in vitro angiogenesis in a CXCL8-dependent manner. This study identified a novel neutrophil population with a physiological, angiogenic role in human decidua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Amsalem
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Melissa Kwan
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aleah Hazan
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada
| | - Rebecca L Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, St. Mary's Hospital, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Whittle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1E2, Canada; and
| | - John C P Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1E2, Canada; and
| | - B Anne Croy
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen J Lye
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1E2, Canada; and
| | - Caroline E Dunk
- Research Centre for Women's and Infants' Health, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3H7, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1E2, Canada; and
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48
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Galicia JC, Naqvi AR, Ko CC, Nares S, Khan AA. MiRNA-181a regulates Toll-like receptor agonist-induced inflammatory response in human fibroblasts. Genes Immun 2014; 15:333-7. [PMID: 24848932 PMCID: PMC4111836 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) regulate the synthesis of cytokines in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation. Our recent microarray study comparing normal and inflamed human dental pulps showed that miRNA-181 (miR-181) family is differentially expressed in the presence of inflammation. Prior studies have reported that the dental pulp, which is composed primarily of TLR4/2+ fibroblasts, expresses elevated levels of cytokines including Interleukin-8 (IL-8) when inflamed. In this study, we employed an in-vitro model to determine the role of the miRNA 181 family in the TLR agonist-induced response in human fibroblasts. TLR4/2+ primary human dental pulp fibroblasts were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg LPS), a known oral pathogen, and IL-8 and miR-181 expression measured. An inversely proportional relationship between IL-8 and miR-181a was observed. In-silico analysis identified a miR-181a binding site on the 3′UTR of IL-8 which was confirmed by dual-luciferase assays. MiR-181a directly binds to the 3′UTR of IL-8, an important inflammatory component of the immune response, and modulates its levels. This is the very first report demonstrating miR-181a regulation of IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Galicia
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C-C Ko
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Nares
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A A Khan
- 1] Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Regional Center for Neurosensory Disorders, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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49
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Caramori G, Adcock IM, Di Stefano A, Chung KF. Cytokine inhibition in the treatment of COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2014; 9:397-412. [PMID: 24812504 PMCID: PMC4010626 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s42544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important part in many pathobiological processes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the chronic inflammatory process, emphysema, and altered innate immune response. Proinflammatory cytokines of potential importance include tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17, IL-18, IL-32, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), and growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β. The current objectives of COPD treatment are to reduce symptoms, and to prevent and reduce the number of exacerbations. While current treatments achieve these goals to a certain extent, preventing the decline in lung function is not currently achievable. In addition, reversal of corticosteroid insensitivity and control of the fibrotic process while reducing the emphysematous process could also be controlled by specific cytokines. The abnormal pathobiological process of COPD may contribute to these fundamental characteristics of COPD, and therefore targeting cytokines involved may be a fruitful endeavor. Although there has been much work that has implicated various cytokines as potentially playing an important role in COPD, there have been very few studies that have examined the effect of specific cytokine blockade in COPD. The two largest studies that have been reported in the literature involve the use of blocking antibody to TNFα and CXCL8 (IL-8), and neither has provided benefit. Blocking the actions of CXCL8 through its CXCR2 receptor blockade was not successful either. Studies of antibodies against IL-17, IL-18, IL-1β, and TSLP are currently either being undertaken or planned. There is a need to carefully phenotype COPD and discover good biomarkers of drug efficacy for each specific target. Specific groups of COPD patients should be targeted with specific anticytokine therapy if there is evidence of high expression of that cytokine and there are features of the clinical expression of COPD that will respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Caramori
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Centro Interdipartimentale per lo Studio delle Malattie Infiammatorie delle Vie Aeree e Patologie Fumo-correlate (CEMICEF; formerly Centro di Ricerca su Asma e BPCO), Sezione di Medicina Interna e Cardiorespiratoria, Università di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Divisione di Pneumologia e Laboratorio di Citoimmunopatologia dell’Apparato Cardio-Respiratorio, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- Airway Diseases Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, UK
- Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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50
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8: repression by steroids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92466. [PMID: 24647471 PMCID: PMC3960248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is found in increased amounts in the airways of asthmatics. S1P can regulate airway smooth muscle functions associated with asthmatic inflammation and remodeling, including cytokine secretion. To date however, whether S1P induces secretion of an important chemokine responsible for neutrophilia in airway inflammation – IL-8 – was unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate whether S1P induces IL-8 gene expression and secretion to enhance neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro, as well as examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for repression by the corticosteroid dexamethasone. We show that S1P upregulates IL-8 secretion from ASM cells and enhance neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro. The corticosteroid dexamethasone significantly represses IL-8 mRNA expression and protein secretion in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, we reveal that S1P-induced IL-8 secretion is p38 MAPK and ERK-dependent and that these key phosphoproteins act on the downstream effector mitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) to control secretion of the neutrophil chemoattractant cytokine IL-8. The functional relevance of this in vitro data was demonstrated by neutrophil chemotaxis assays where S1P-induced effects can be significantly attenuated by pretreatment with dexamethasone, pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK- or ERK-mediated pathways, or by knocking down MSK-1 with siRNA. Taken together, our study reveals the molecular pathways responsible for IL-8 secretion from ASM cells in response to S1P and indicates ways in which the impact on IL-8-driven neutrophilia may be lessened.
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