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Colon-Feliciano M, Prats N, Sierra-Gonzalez A, Jovet G, Jimenez L. 1143 Wake-up Stroke In Hispanic Veterans: Clinical Characteristics. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Wake-up stroke (WUS) is a stroke that occurs during sleep and accounts for 14-29.6% of all acute ischemic stroke (AIS) cases. The use of intravenous alteplase, the therapeutic standard, requires identifying time of stroke onset. Recent studies suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for WUS. This study aims to describe a population of Puerto Rican Veterans with WUS and to evaluate clinical differences between patients WUS and non-WUS (NWUS).
Methods
The study was a cross-sectional analysis of all patient records with AIS from April 2018 to July 2019. One hundred forty records were reviewed. Patients who woke up with new AIS symptoms were labeled as WUS. Study variables included demographics, comorbidities, medications, sleep disorders, prior stroke, administration of alteplase and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).
Results
Among 140 participants predominantly male (98.6%), 27.1% had WUS. The mean age was 75 (range 21-89). NIHSS mean was 5.9. Comorbidities for WUS vs NWUS were as follows: overweight or obese (60% vs 62.6% p=0.667), hypertension (100% vs 95.1% p=0.323), hyperlipidemia (95% vs 93% p=0.999), diabetes mellitus (55.3% vs 67% p=0.212), atrial fibrillation (26.3% vs 24.5% p=0.826), anxiety (36.8% vs 33.3% p=0.697), depression (55.3% vs 51.0% p=0.652), non-smokers (89.% vs 89%), smokers (10.5% vs 11.1%), and prior stroke (34.2% vs 35.3% p=0.905). Insomnia was observed in 42% vs 40% (p= 0.838) and 24% vs 23% (p=0.955) had OSA.
Conclusion
There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics between patients with WUS and NWUS in this sample of Puerto Rican Veterans. OSA was less prevalent than previously reported. Lack of recognition of OSA as a risk factor for stroke and under-diagnosis of OSA might explain the study results.
Support
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - L Jimenez
- VA Caribbean Healthcare System, San Juan, PR
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2
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Jimenez L, Colon M, Trinidad V, Sierra A, Prats N, Torres-Palacios J, Jovet G. 0655 PREVALENCE OF DROWSY DRIVING AND SELF-REPORTED AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENTS IN A PRIMARY CARE VETERAN POPULATION. Sleep 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Planagumà A, Domènech T, Pont M, Calama E, García-González V, López R, Aulí M, López M, Fonquerna S, Ramos I, de Alba J, Nueda A, Prats N, Segarra V, Miralpeix M, Lehner MD. Combined anti CXC receptors 1 and 2 therapy is a promising anti-inflammatory treatment for respiratory diseases by reducing neutrophil migration and activation. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 34:37-45. [PMID: 26271598 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil infiltration and activation in the lung are important pathophysiological features in COPD, severe asthma and bronchiectasis mostly mediated by CXCL8 and CXCL1 via CXCR1 and CXCR2. No thorough study to date has been performed to compare the anti-inflammatory effect profile of dual CXCR1/2 vs. selective CXCR2 antagonists in relevant human neutrophil assays and pulmonary inflammation models. Dual CXCR1/2 (SCH527123, diaminocyclobutandione-1) and selective CXCR2 (SB265610, thiopyrimidine-1) antagonist activity and receptor residence time were determined by [(35)S]GTPγS binding in human (h)- and guinea pig (gp)-CXCR1 and CXCR2 overexpressing membranes. h-neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation and ROS production were established using CXCL8 or CXCL1 to evaluate dual CXCR1/2- or selective CXCR2-dependent activities. LPS-induced lung inflammation in gp was selected to assess in vivo potency. Dual CXCR1/2 antagonists blocked both CXCL8 and CXCL1-induced h-neutrophil functions and [(35)S]GTPγS binding. In contrary, selective CXCR2 antagonists displayed significantly reduced potency in CXCL8 -mediated h-neutrophil responses despite being active in CXCR2 assays. Upon LPS challenge in gp, administration of SCH527123 inhibited the increase of neutrophils in BALF, modestly reduced blood neutrophils and induced minor neutrophil accumulation in bone marrow. Differentiation of CXCR1/2 vs. CXCR2 antagonists could not be extended to in vivo due to differences in CXCR1 receptor homology between h and gp. Dual CXCR1/2 therapy may represent a promising anti-inflammatory treatment for respiratory diseases reducing more effectively neutrophil migration and activation in the lung than a CXCR2 selective treatment. However, the in vivo confirmation of this claim is still missing due to species differences in CXCR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Planagumà
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - T Domènech
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Pont
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Calama
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V García-González
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R López
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Aulí
- Pathology and Predictive Toxicology Section, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López
- Computational and Structural Drug Discovery Department, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Fonquerna
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Ramos
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J de Alba
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Nueda
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development Screening, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Prats
- Pathology and Predictive Toxicology Section, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Segarra
- Computational and Structural Drug Discovery Department, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Miralpeix
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M D Lehner
- Respiratory Therapeutic Area-Discovery, Almirall, R&D Centre, Laureà Miró 408-410, 08980 Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Balagué C, Pont M, Prats N, Godessart N. Profiling of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, p38 and JAK inhibitors in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model: a translational study. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 166:1320-32. [PMID: 22229697 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01836.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Translational animal models are essential in the prediction of the efficacy and side effects of new chemical entities. We have carried out a thorough study of three distinct disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in an adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) model in the rat and critically appraised the results in the context of the reported clinical experience in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Teriflunomide - a dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) inhibitor; AL8697 - a selective p38 MAPK inhibitor; and tofacitinib - a Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor; were selected as representatives of their class and dose-response studies carried out using a therapeutic 10-day administration scheme in arthritic rats. Paw swelling and body weight were periodically monitored, and joint radiology and histology, lymph organ weight and haematological and biochemical parameters evaluated at study completion. KEY RESULTS All three drugs demonstrated beneficial effects on paw swelling, bone lesions and splenomegalia, with p38 inhibition providing the best anti-inflammatory effect and JAK inhibition the best DMARD effect. Leukopenia, body weight loss and gastrointestinal toxicity were dose-dependently observed with teriflunomide treatment. p38 MAPK inhibition induced leukocytosis and increased total plasma cholesterol. JAK inhibition, normalized platelet, reticulocyte and neutrophil counts, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels while inducing lymphopenia and cholesterolemia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This multiparametric approach can reveal specific drug properties and provide translational information. Whereas the complex profile for p38 inhibition in AIA is not observed in human RA, immunosuppressants such as DHODH and JAK inhibitors show DMARD properties and side effects seen in both AIA and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Balagué
- Drug Discovery, Almirall, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
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Aulí M, Domènech A, Andrés A, Orta M, Salvà M, Descotes J, Prats N. Multiparametric immunotoxicity screening in mice during early drug development. Toxicol Lett 2012; 214:200-8. [PMID: 22944472 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of potential adverse effects on the immune system should be incorporated into drug development prior to phase III clinical trials. In addition to standard toxicity results, T-dependent antibody response (TDAR) assays are widely used to evidence impaired immune function. The present study was aimed at validating a multiparametric screening approach in mice to investigate exaggerated pharmacologic or unintended immunosuppressive effects in early drug development. Male CD1 mice injected with a single IV dose of 2mg KLH displayed a robust anti-KLH IgM response that peaked on day +5. Anti-KLH IgM response, standard haematology parameters, and thymus/spleen weight and histology were examined in mice treated once daily for 4 days with cyclophosphamide (CY; 5-20mg/kg/day), cyclosporine (CS; 10-90mg/kg/day), dexamethasone (DX; 5-20mg/kg/day), prednisolone (PR; 3-30mg/kg/day) or chlorpromazine (CZ; 10-30mg/kg/day). CY and CS decreased anti-KLH IgM response at all dose levels. CY induced a marked decrease in WBC count and thymus/spleen weight with histological changes in both lymphoid organs. CS mainly decreased thymus weight (highest dose), which was associated with lymphoid depletion, without relevant effects on haematology parameters. Neither DX nor PR nor CZ induced significant changes in anti-KLH IgM response. DX and PR decreased lymphocyte counts and thymus/spleen weight, and induced histological changes in both lymphoid organs. CZ (higher doses) decreased lymphocyte count and thymus weight, and induced consistent histological changes in the thymus. This multiparametric study was able to detect 5 human drugs with variable immunosuppressive potency and thus may prove to be a useful early screening tool for predicting drug immunotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aulí
- Pathology and Predictive Toxicology Section, Department of Toxicology, R&D Center, Almirall S.A., Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Cachorro VE, Toledano C, Prats N, Sorribas M, Mogo S, Berjón A, Torres B, Rodrigo R, de la Rosa J, De Frutos AM. The strongest desert dust intrusion mixed with smoke over the Iberian Peninsula registered with Sun photometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Toledano C, Cachorro VE, de Frutos AM, Sorribas M, Prats N, de la Morena BA. Inventory of African desert dust events over the southwestern Iberian Peninsula in 2000–2005 with an AERONET Cimel Sun photometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Amat M, Benjamim CF, Williams LM, Prats N, Terricabras E, Beleta J, Kunkel SL, Godessart N. Pharmacological blockade of CCR1 ameliorates murine arthritis and alters cytokine networks in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 149:666-75. [PMID: 17016504 PMCID: PMC2014657 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The chemokine receptor CCR1 is a potential target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. To explore the impact of CCR1 blockade in experimental arthritis and the underlying mechanisms, we used J-113863, a non-peptide antagonist of the mouse receptor. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Compound J-113863 was tested in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and three models of acute inflammation; Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced interleukin-2 (IL-2), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNFalpha) production. In the LPS model, CCR1 knockout, adrenalectomised, or IL-10-depleted mice were also used. Production of TNFalpha by mouse macrophages and human synovial membrane samples in vitro were also studied. KEY RESULTS Treatment of arthritic mice with J-113863 improved paw inflammation and joint damage, and dramatically decreased cell infiltration into joints. The compound did not inhibit IL-2 or DTH, but reduced plasma TNFalpha levels in LPS-treated mice. Surprisingly, CCR1 knockout mice produced more TNFalpha than controls in response to LPS, and J-113863 decreased TNFalpha also in CCR1 null mice, indicating that its effect was unrelated to CCR1. Adrenalectomy or neutralisation of IL-10 did not prevent inhibition of TNFalpha production by J-113863. The compound did not inhibit mouse TNFalpha in vitro, but did induce a trend towards increased TNFalpha release in cells from synovial membranes of rheumatoid arthritis patients. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS CCR1 blockade improves the development of CIA, probably via inhibition of inflammatory cell recruitment. However, results from both CCR1-deficient mice and human synovial membranes suggest that, in some experimental settings, blocking CCR1 could enhance TNF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Amat
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery, Almirall Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - C F Benjamim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - L M Williams
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London London, UK
| | - N Prats
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery, Almirall Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Terricabras
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery, Almirall Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Beleta
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery, Almirall Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
| | - S L Kunkel
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Godessart
- Department of Biology, Drug Discovery, Almirall Research Center, Sant Feliu de Llobregat Barcelona, Spain
- Author for correspondence:
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Serafín A, Fernández-Zabalegui L, Prats N, Wu ZY, Roselló-Catafau J, Peralta C. Ischemic preconditioning: tolerance to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Histol Histopathol 2004; 19:281-9. [PMID: 14702196 DOI: 10.14670/hh-19.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury still remains an unresolved problem in both liver resectional surgery and liver transplantation and may be responsible for liver failure, lung injury and death. The current review summarizes the findings reported to date on the effectiveness of ischemic preconditioning against liver and lung damage associated with hepatic I/R injury and the underlying protective mechanisms. The effect of ischemic preconditioning on the mechanisms potentially involved in hepatic I/R injury, including alterations in energy metabolism, neutrophil accumulation, microcirculatory disturbances, formation of proinflammatory mediators, such as endothelin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and reactive oxygen species generation have been evaluated. In this review, we address the role of preconditioning in the increased vulnerability of fatty livers to hepatic I/R injury. The effectiveness of ischemic preconditioning versus pharmacological strategies that could simulate the benefits of liver preconditioning has been also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serafín
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
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Juan-Sallés C, Prats N, Resendes A, Domingo M, Hilton D, Ruiz JM, Garner MM, Valls X, Marco AJ. Anemia, myopathy, and pansteatitis in vitamin E-deficient captive marmosets (Callithrix spp.). Vet Pathol 2003; 40:540-7. [PMID: 12949411 DOI: 10.1354/vp.40-5-540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Five young adult pet marmosets (Callithrix spp.) were presented with weight loss (5/5); fecal retention (3/5); diarrhea (2/5); impaired locomotion (3/5); anemia (4/4); hypoproteinemia or hypoalbuminemia (3/4); elevations of creatine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase (3/4); and renal failure with hypercholesterolemia (2/4). All anemic marmosets had low serum vitamin E levels. The anemia responded to vitamin E and selenium therapy in two marmosets. One of the five marmosets died before presentation, and two others died despite therapy. The two marmosets necropsied had degenerative myopathy, pyogranulomatous pansteatitis, and increased erythrophagocytosis and hemosiderosis. The striated muscle and adipose tissue of both marmosets were negative for coxsackievirus ribonucleic acid by in situ hybridization. These findings suggest that vitamin E deficiency may be involved in the development of anemia, myopathy, and steatitis in callitrichids; however, in some marmosets, underlying diseases such as chronic colitis may have influenced the development of anemia and impaired vitamin E status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Juan-Sallés
- U.D. Histologia í Anatomia Patològica, Facultat de Veterinària (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), E-08193 Bellaterra Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Trichinella spiralis infection in rodents is a well-known model of intestinal inflammation associated with hypermotility and hypersecretion. Our aim was to use this experimental model to elucidate if iNOS was involved in the development of gastrointestinal hypermotility. Rats infected with Trichinella spiralis were treated for 4 days with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors L-NAME or L-NIL. Treatment began either simultaneously with the infection or 3 days after infection when inflammation was already fully developed. In all cases, at day 10-12 after infection, anesthetized rats were prepared with strain gauges and electrodes in the small intestine to evaluate motor activity of the small intestine. In addition, histology and iNOS immunohistochemistry studies were performed. The results showed that both NOS inhibitors blocked iNOS expression in the intestine. None of the NOS inhibitors attenuated the inflammatory process. However, the preventive treatment with L-NIL reversed hypermotility. In contrast, the treatment with NOS inhibitors 3 days after infection was not so effective in reversing motor alterations. L-NAME, but not L-NIL, caused alterations on spontaneous motility. In conclusion, these results indicate that iNOS participates in the development of motor hypermotility in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Torrents
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Serrano-Mollar A, Closa D, Prats N, Blesa S, Martinez-Losa M, Cortijo J, Estrela JM, Morcillo EJ, Bulbena O. In vivo antioxidant treatment protects against bleomycin-induced lung damage in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138:1037-48. [PMID: 12684259 PMCID: PMC1573750 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
1. This study examines the activity of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats with emphasis on the early inflammatory phase. 2. Rats receiving N-acetylcysteine (300 mg kg(-1) day(-1), intraperitoneal) had less augmented lung wet weight, and lower levels of proteins, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil and macrophage counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung myeloperoxidase activity with a betterment of histological score at 3 days postbleomycin. 3. A diminished lung GSH/GSSG ratio and augmented lipid hydroperoxides were observed 3 days postbleomycin. These changes were attenuated by N-acetylcysteine. Alveolar macrophages from bleomycin-exposed rats released augmented amounts of superoxide anion and nitric oxide. N-Acetylcysteine did not modify superoxide anion generation but reduced the increased production of nitric oxide. 4. N-Acetylcysteine suppressed the bleomycin-induced increased activation of lung NF-kappaB (shift assay and immunohistochemistry), and decreased the augmented levels of the early inflammatory cytokines, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-beta, interleukin-6 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 1 and 3 days postbleomycin exposure. 5. At 15 days postbleomycin, N-acetylcysteine decreased collagen deposition in bleomycin-exposed rats (hydroxyproline content: 6351+/-669 and 4626+/-288 micro g per lung in drug vehicle- and N-acetylcysteine-treated rats, respectively; P<0.05). Semiquantitative histological assessment at this stage showed less collagen deposition in N-acetylcysteine-treated rats compared to those receiving bleomycin alone. 6. These results indicate that N-acetylcysteine reduces the primary inflammatory events, thus preventing cellular damage and the subsequent development of pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serrano-Mollar
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-IDIBAPS), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Closa
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-IDIBAPS), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Prats
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - S Blesa
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - M Martinez-Losa
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Cortijo
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Estrela
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - E J Morcillo
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Author for correspondence:
| | - O Bulbena
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-IDIBAPS), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Batista M, Prats N, Calero P, González F, Cabrera F, Medrano A, Gracia A. Semen characteristics and plasma levels of testosterone after bilateral vasectomy in bucks. Reprod Domest Anim 2002; 37:375-8. [PMID: 12464078 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0531.2002.00388.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of bilateral vasectomy on the seminal characteristics were assessed in six bucks of the Canarian breed. In addition, we tried to establish the effects of vasectomy on the plasmatic concentrations of testosterone and the libido of the bucks. Semen samples were collected once a week from 8 weeks before to 16 weeks after vasectomy; blood samples were collected prior to vasectomy, and then at once and 1 week after vasectomy and every 2 weeks from the week 4 to the end of the experiment. One week after the vasectomy, ejaculated spermatozoa were non-motile and the percentage of live spermatozoa was below 5% in all vasectomized males; in addition, the total number of cells/ejaculate was 3100 x 106 and 30 x 106 spermatozoa in the control and vasectomized males, respectively. Our results suggest that the vasectomized males may be used as oestrus detectors, without risks of accidental fecundating, only 1 week after vasectomy. Before vasectomy, no significant differences were observed in plasma levels of testosterone between the vasectomized and control males (5.4 +/- 1.2 and 3.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml, respectively); from 4 to 12 weeks after vasectomy, a marked decrease in the testosterone concentration in all males (vasectomized and control bucks) was observed. From 12 weeks after vasectomy until the end of the experiment, four of the vasectomized males and the control males recovered their normal libido. The results suggest that vasectomy did not exert a remarkable effect on the steroidogenic functionality of the testicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Batista
- Reproduction and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
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Prats N, López S, Domingo M, Briones V, Domínguez L, Marco AJ. Metastatic Listeria monocytogenes infection of the peritoneum in mice with cyclosporine a-induced peritonitis. J Comp Pathol 2002; 127:178-85. [PMID: 12354529 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Inoculation of mice with Listeria monocytogenes intragastrically or by parenteral routes has not been reported to cause peritonitis. In this study, however, severe listerial peritonitis was induced in mice infected subcutaneously and treated intraperitoneally with cyclosporin A (Cs A) in an oil carrier. In both uninfected and listeria-infected mice, intraperitoneal administration of Cs A consistently produced overexpression of P-selectin in the peritoneal microvasculature and pyogranulomatous inflammation of the peritoneum, suggesting that Cs A causes endothelial damage. We suggest that in listeria-infected mice the non-specific irritant peritonitis induced by the intraperitoneal administration of Cs A results in transfer of listeria-infected phagocytes from the liver and spleen to the peritoneal microvasculature, producing metastatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prats
- Departamento de Sanidad y Anatomía Animales, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona
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15
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Serrano-Mollar A, Closa D, Cortijo J, Morcillo EJ, Prats N, Gironella M, Panés J, Roselló-Catafau J, Bulbena O. P-selectin upregulation in bleomycin induced lung injury in rats: effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Thorax 2002; 57:629-34. [PMID: 12096208 PMCID: PMC1746384 DOI: 10.1136/thorax.57.7.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of adhesion molecules are involved in the process of neutrophil infiltration into the lung. P-selectin is one of these neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion molecules. A study was undertaken to examine the involvement of P-selectin in the development of bleomycin induced inflammation and the ability of N-acetyl-L-cysteine to reduce the potential expression of this selectin in rats. METHODS N-acetyl-L-cysteine (3 mmol/kg po) was administered daily for seven days prior to bleomycin administration (2.5 U/kg). The kinetics of P-selectin expression and the effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine after bleomycin treatment were measured using radiolabelled antibodies. P-selectin localisation was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and neutrophil infiltration was assessed by myeloperoxidase activity. RESULTS Bleomycin administration resulted in an upregulation of P-selectin at 1 hour, returning to baseline at 3 hours. Myeloperoxidase activity showed a significant increase at 6 hours after bleomycin administration that lasted for 3 days. N-acetyl-L-cysteine treatment completely prevented these increases. CONCLUSION Upregulation of P-selectin in the lung is associated with neutrophil recruitment in response to bleomycin. The beneficial effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on bleomycin induced lung injury may be explained in part by the prevention of neutrophil recruitment in the inflammatory stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serrano-Mollar
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-IDIBAPS), CSIC, Barcelona, Spain.
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16
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Peralta C, Bulbena O, Xaus C, Prats N, Cutrin JC, Poli G, Gelpi E, Roselló-Catafau J. Ischemic preconditioning: a defense mechanism against the reactive oxygen species generated after hepatic ischemia reperfusion. Transplantation 2002; 73:1203-11. [PMID: 11981410 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200204270-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preconditioning protects against both liver and lung damage after hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Xanthine and xanthine oxidase (XOD) may contribute to the development of hepatic I/R. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether preconditioning could modulate the injurious effects of xanthine/XOD on the liver and lung after hepatic I/R. METHODS Hepatic I/R or preconditioning previous to I/R was induced in rats. Xanthine and xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XOD) in liver and plasma were measured. Hepatic injury and inflammatory response in the lung was evaluated. RESULTS Preconditioning reduced xanthine accumulation and conversion of XDH to XOD in liver during sustained ischemia. This could reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from XOD, and therefore, attenuate hepatic I/R injury. Inhibition of XOD prevented postischemic ROS generation and hepatic injury. Administration of xanthine and XOD to preconditioned rats led to hepatic MDA and transaminase levels similar to those found after hepatic I/R. Preconditioning, resulting in low circulating levels of xanthine and XOD activity, reduced neutrophil accumulation, oxidative stress, and microvascular disorders seen in lung after hepatic I/R. Inhibition of XOD attenuated the inflammatory damage in lung after hepatic I/R. Administration of xanthine and XOD abolished the benefits of preconditioning on lung damage. CONCLUSIONS Preconditioning, by blocking the xanthine/XOD pathway for ROS generation, would confer protection against the liver and lung injuries induced by hepatic I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Section Genral Pathology, University of Turin, Italy
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17
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Peralta C, Bartrons R, Serafin A, Blázquez C, Guzmán M, Prats N, Xaus C, Cutillas B, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase mediates the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat. Hepatology 2001; 34:1164-73. [PMID: 11732006 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.29197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury associated with liver transplantation and hepatic resections are an unresolved problem in the clinical practice. Preconditioning is known to preserve energy metabolism in liver during sustained ischemia, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are still unclear. Different metabolic signals, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and nitric oxide (NO), have been implicated in preconditioning. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protects cells by acting as a low-fuel warning system, becoming switched on by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion. NO synthesis is induced by AMPK in the heart during ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate: 1) whether preconditioning induces AMPK activation; and 2) if AMPK activation leads to ATP preservation and reduced lactate accumulation during prolonged ischemia and its relationship with NO. Preconditioning activated AMPK and concomitantly reduced ATP degradation, lactate accumulation, and hepatic injury. The administration of an AMPK activator, AICAR, before ischemia simulated the benefits of preconditioning on energy metabolism and hepatic injury. The inhibition of AMPK abolished the protective effects of preconditioning. The effect of AMPK on energy metabolism was independent of NO because the inhibition of NO synthesis in the preconditioned group and the administration of the NO donor before ischemia, or to the preconditioned group with previous inhibition of AMPK, had no effect on energy metabolism. Both preconditioning and AICAR pretreatment, through AMPK activation, may be useful surgical and pharmacologic strategies aimed at reducing hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Depto Bioanalítica Médica, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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18
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Pi F, Badosa F, Sola A, Roselló Catafau J, Xaus C, Prats N, Gelpí E, Hotter G. Effects of adenosine on ischaemia-reperfusion injury associated with rat pancreas transplantation. Br J Surg 2001; 88:1366-75. [PMID: 11578294 DOI: 10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01866.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During cold preservation, cellular consumption of adenosine triphosphate leads to the accumulation of nucleotides and nucleosides. The precise role of adenosine in modulating the inflammatory response of cold-preserved pancreas after reperfusion remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of adenosine on the inflammatory response associated with the process of ischaemia-reperfusion in rat pancreas transplantation. METHODS The effect of adenosine from preservation solution on the levels of high-energy nucleotides and their breakdown products after cold ischaemic preservation was determined. In addition, the inflammatory response associated with the process of ischaemia-reperfusion in pancreas transplantation was quantified with and without pretreatment with the adenosine antagonist theophylline, and during preservation of the organ in University of Wisconsin solution with and without adenosine. RESULTS Adenosine from preservation solution is able to modify the nucleotide and nucleoside content of preserved pancreas, indicating that adenosine is incorporated and metabolized in tissue. Administration of the adenosine antagonist to transplanted rats moderated the increases in nitrite and nitrate, myeloperoxidase activity and lipoperoxidation levels in the pancreas. CONCLUSION Adenosine in the preservation solution may enhance the inflammatory response in rat pancreas transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pi
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Viladecans, Institut Catala de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
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19
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Juan-Sallés C, Prats N, Vergés J, Ruiz M, Valls X, Giné J, Marco A. Dermatosis in talapoin monkeys (Miopithecus talapoin) with response to zinc and animal protein. Vet Rec 2001; 149:24-5. [PMID: 11486772 DOI: 10.1136/vr.149.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Sola A, De Oca J, González R, Prats N, Roselló-Catafau J, Gelpí E, Jaurrieta E, Hotter G. Protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on cold preservation and reperfusion injury associated with rat intestinal transplantation. Ann Surg 2001; 234:98-106. [PMID: 11420489 PMCID: PMC1421954 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-200107000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning on cold ischemia and reperfusion injury associated with intestinal transplantation, and the role of nitric oxide in this process. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Ischemia/reperfusion injury continues to be a significant obstacle in small bowel transplantation. Preconditioning is a mechanism that protects against this injury. METHODS To study the capacity of preconditioning to prevent cold ischemia-associated injury and the inflammatory response associated with intestinal transplantation, the authors studied a control group of animals, cold ischemia groups with or without previous preconditioning and with or without previous administration of L-NAME or NONOS, and intestinal transplantation groups with or without previous preconditioning and with or without previous administration of L-NAME or NONOS. RESULTS Histologic findings and the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the preservation solution showed that preconditioning protects against cold ischemic preservation-associated injury. Preconditioning also prevented the inflammatory response associated with intestinal transplantation, measured by the above parameters and by neutrophil recruitment in the intestine. Inhibition of nitric oxide eliminates the protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Preconditioning protects the intestinal grafts from cold preservation and reperfusion injury in the rat intestinal transplantation model. Nitric oxide is involved in this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sola
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Barberà A, Gomis RR, Prats N, Rodríguez-Gil JE, Domingo M, Gomis R, Guinovart JJ. Tungstate is an effective antidiabetic agent in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: a long-term study. Diabetologia 2001; 44:507-13. [PMID: 11357483 DOI: 10.1007/s001250100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recent studies have shown the anti diabetic effects of oral sodium tungstate treatment in several animal models of diabetes based on short-term experiments. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of long-term tungstate treatment of streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats. METHODS Tungstate was administered to the drinking water of rats for eight months. RESULTS The treatment resulted in a reduction in serum glucose concentrations in diabetic rats, but no change in glycaemia was detected in healthy rats. Alterations in the hepatic glucose metabolism due to diabetes were almost completely counteracted by tungstate treatment. The partial recovery of glucokinase activity, not found in diabetic animals, normalised glycogen and glucose 6-phosphate concentrations. Tungstate treatment also restored pyruvate kinase activity and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate concentrations. In healthy rats, tungstate treatment did not modify the majority of the hepatic parameters studied. Moreover, tungstate treatment prevented diabetes-induced morphological changes in the kidney and ocular lens and also reduced mortality. Furthermore, no hypoglycaemic episodes or undesirable side effects were observed in treated diabetic or healthy rats. In addition, there is no evidence of intolerance developing after prolonged use. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Tungstate could play a helpful part in the long-term treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Barberà
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Sans M, Salas A, Soriano A, Prats N, Gironella M, Pizcueta P, Elena M, Anderson DC, Piqué JM, Panés J. Differential role of selectins in experimental colitis. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:1162-72. [PMID: 11266380 DOI: 10.1053/gast.2001.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The role of selectins in experimental colitis remains unknown. The aims of this study were to characterize the time-course expression of selectins in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, the functional role of selectins in colonic leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, and the therapeutic usefulness of selectin blockade in this model. METHODS Control and TNBS-induced colitic rats were studied. Expression of P- and E-selectin was assessed by the radiolabeled antibody technique, and L-selectin by flow cytometry. Leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions were studied in colonic venules by using intravital microscopy under basal conditions and after P-, E-, or L-selectin immunoblockade. Additional groups of animals were treated with anti-P-selectin antibody, a nonbinding antibody, or dexamethasone, for 7 days. RESULTS P-selectin and E-selectin expression were markedly up-regulated in colitic rats. Increased leukocyte rolling was abrogated by anti-P-selectin, but only attenuated by anti-E- or anti-L-selectin antibodies. Only pretreatment with anti-P- selectin decreased leukocyte adhesion. Animals chronically treated with dexamethasone, but not with anti- P-selectin, had significantly lower macroscopic and histologic damage scores, colon weight, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity than those treated with nonbinding antibody. CONCLUSIONS P-selectin plays a key role on leukocyte rolling and its blockade attenuates leukocyte adhesion in TNBS-induced colitis. However, treatment with an anti-P-selectin antibody does not significantly improve colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sans
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut de Malalties Digestives, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Peralta C, Fernández L, Panés J, Prats N, Sans M, Piqué JM, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Preconditioning protects against systemic disorders associated with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion through blockade of tumor necrosis factor-induced P-selectin up-regulation in the rat. Hepatology 2001; 33:100-13. [PMID: 11124826 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.20529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that ischemic preconditioning protects against lung injury resulting from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release from Kupffer cells. The present study investigated whether this effect is limited to the lung or is a generalized systemic response and explores the molecular mechanisms involved. Hepatic I/R led to an increase in neutrophil accumulation in liver, lung, and splanchnic organs. Although preconditioning did not modify neutrophil infiltration in liver during reperfusion, it conferred protection against hepatic injury associated with I/R. In remote organs, preconditioning abrogated the increase in P-selectin up-regulation, preventing neutrophil infiltration and thus reducing the oxidative stress and microvascular disorders following hepatic I/R in these organs. Administration of Abs against P-selectin or TNF previous to ischemia had the same effects as preconditioning. The effects of preconditioning on the blockade of P-selectin up-regulation probably results from inhibition of systemic TNF release from Kupffer cells. Supplementation of TNF abolished the benefits of preconditioning, whereas the injurious effects of TNF were prevented by previous blockade of P-selectin. The results of the present study suggest that ischemic preconditioning protects the liver against I/R injury by a mechanism independent of adhesion molecule expression and neutrophil accumulation. In remote organs, however, hepatic preconditioning prevents inflammatory damage by reducing the systemic TNF release from the liver and thus preventing P-selectin up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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Peralta C, Bulbena O, Bargalló R, Prats N, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Strategies to modulate the deleterious effects of endothelin in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion. Transplantation 2000; 70:1761-70. [PMID: 11152109 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200012270-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates whether bosentan (endothelin [ET] receptor antagonist) or preconditioning (mechanism that inhibits the postischemic ET release) could reduce the microvascular disorders and the injurious effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) associated with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). METHODS Hepatic I/R was induced in rats and the effects of bosentan or preconditioning on the deleterious effects of ET in hepatic I/R were evaluated. Transaminase and TNF levels in plasma; edema, vascular permeability, lactate, ET, and TNF levels in liver; and edema and myeloperoxidase activity levels in lung were measured after hepatic reperfusion. RESULTS The administration of bosentan or the induction of preconditioning previous to I/R attenuated the increase in vascular permeability, edema and lactate levels observed in liver after I/R. However, the addition of ET before preconditioning abolished its benefits. Preconditioning prevented both the increase in hepatic TNF and its release from the liver into the systemic circulation. This resulted in an attenuation of liver and lung damage. Addition of ET or TNF to the preconditioned group abolished the benefits of preconditioning, whereas the previous inhibition of TNF release with GdCl3 in the preconditioned group pretreated with ET did not modify the effects of preconditioning. The inhibition of ET with bosentan prevented the increase of both hepatic and plasma TNF, thus attenuating the liver and lung injury, whereas TNF addition abolished the benefits of bosentan. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that both bosentan and preconditioning, by inhibition of ET could attenuate the microvascular disorders and the deleterious effect of TNF on the liver and lung elicited by hepatic I/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Departamento de Bioanalítica Médica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
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25
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Juan-Sallés C, Prats N, Ruiz JM, Valls X, Giné J, Garner MM, Vergés J, Marco A. Antioxidant status in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) with chronic pancreatitis and degenerative myopathy. J Comp Pathol 2000; 123:202-6. [PMID: 11032677 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2000.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) presented with wasting, vomiting and diarrhoea. Haematology revealed elevation of creatinine phosphokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase and lipase, together with azotaemia and hypoalbuminaemia. Prominent findings were chronic pancreatitis with acinar and ductal plugs, granulomatous and necrotizing peripancreatic steatitis, degenerative myopathy, testicular atrophy, candidiasis and bacterial necrotizing glossitis. Antioxidant analyses revealed low concentrations of serum vitamin E (and apparently A), hepatic selenium and hair zinc. Pancreatitis may have caused malabsorption and maldigestion, associated with deficiency of multiple antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Juan-Sallés
- Clínica Exòtics, c/ Balmes 454, Barcelona, 08022, Spain
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26
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López S, Marco AJ, Prats N, Czuprynski CJ. Critical role of neutrophils in eliminating Listeria monocytogenes from the central nervous system during experimental murine listeriosis. Infect Immun 2000; 68:4789-91. [PMID: 10899890 PMCID: PMC98439 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.8.4789-4791.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/1999] [Accepted: 05/03/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the main inflammatory cell present in lesions involving the central nervous system (CNS) during human and murine listeriosis. In this study, administration of the neutrophil-depleting monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5 during experimental murine listeriosis facilitated the multiplication of Listeria monocytogenes in the CNS. These data suggest that neutrophils play a key role in eliminating bacteria that gain access to the CNS compartment. In addition, we provide evidence that their migration into the CNS may be necessary for the subsequent recruitment of macrophages and activated lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S López
- Department of Pathology and Animal Productions, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Altimira J, Prats N, López S, Domingo M, Briones V, Domínguez L, Marco A. Effect of selenium deficiency on the development of central nervous system lesions in murine listeriosis. J Comp Pathol 2000; 123:104-9. [PMID: 11032662 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2000.0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of selenium (Se) deficiency, produced by feeding a Se-deficient diet, on the development of central nervous system (CNS) lesions was studied in mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes, administered in drinking water for 1 or 7 days in a daily dose of 10(9)organisms, or for 7 days in a daily dose of 10(7). Se-deficient mice differed from Se-normal controls in developing CNS lesions significantly more frequently. Moreover, regardless of Se status, mice receiving repeated doses of 10(9)organisms differed from those receiving a single 10(9)dose in showing CNS lesions at least twice as often. The majority of animals with CNS lesions showed an inflammatory pattern of rhombencephalitis (17/24), while only two of 24 showed choroiditis-ventriculitis-meningitis; five of 24 animals showed both inflammatory patterns. Listeria monocytogenes antigen was identified within the areas of inflammation by an immunoperoxidase technique. Neuritis of the trigeminal nerve was present in eight animals. The relative lack of pathological changes in the liver and spleen validates this murine model for the study of CNS listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Altimira
- Departamento de Patología y Producciones Animales (Histología y Anatomía Patológica), Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Barcelona), 08193, Spain
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Abstract
This work studied the activation of hepatic macrophages during acute pancreatitis and the involvement of these cells in the lung inflammatory response. Pancreatitis was induced in Wistar rats by intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurocholate. Three hours after pancreatitis induction, the degree of pulmonary inflammation, TNF-alpha levels, and P-selectin expression were evaluated. The generation of TNF-alpha by Kupffer cells was also measured. Pancreatitis increases the serum concentration of TNF-alpha, neutrophil infiltration, and P-selectin expression in pancreas and lung. In addition, Kupffer cells generate increased levels of TNF-alpha. When Kupffer cells were inhibited, the increase in serum TNF-alpha levels and the infiltration of neutrophils in the lung were prevented, but P-selectin expression remained unmodified. We conclude that pulmonary inflammation induced by acute pancreatitis is mediated by Kupffer cell activation and that pancreatitis induces the expression of P-selectin on pulmonary endothelial cells but this effect is not mediated by Kupffer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Folch
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Spain
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29
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Abstract
P-selectin and circulating xanthine oxidase are involved in the process of neutrophil infiltration into the lung associated with acute pancreatitis. This study investigated the mediators that trigger the upregulation of P-selectin in this process. Pancreatitis was induced in rats by intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurocholate. P-selectin expression was measured using radiolabeled antibodies. Neutrophil infiltration and PAF levels were also evaluated. The role of superoxide radical, H(2)O(2), or the enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS) on these processes was determined in groups of animals treated with the corresponding inhibitors. Pancreatitis was associated with an increase in P-selectin expression in the lung. Inhibition of PARS or H(2)O(2) abrogated P-selectin upregulation, PAF generation, and neutrophil recruitment. Superoxide dismutation prevented neutrophil recruitment and PAF generation, but had no effect on P-selectin expression. We conclude that during acute pancreatitis, upregulation of P-selectin in the pulmonary endothelium is triggered by H(2)O(2) and PARS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Folch
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, IIBB-CSIC,IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that intestinal preconditioning protects the organ from ischemia reperfusion damage. Xanthine oxidase mediating free radical generation contributes to the development of injury associated to ischemia reperfusion. Thus, any process able to modulate the oxygen free radical generation system could attenuate the injury. Also, it is known that nitric oxide is implicated in the preconditioning response. The aim of this work is to determine: (1) the effect of intestinal preconditioning on the xanthine oxidase system, (2) the relevance of this system in the development of injury, and (3) its relationship with nitric oxide. For this purpose, we have determined the activity of the xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase system, the levels of its substrate (xanthine), and end-product (uric acid) and oxidant stress status in rat small intestine subjected to ischemic pre-conditioning. The effects of nitric oxide inhibition have also been evaluated. Results show that the percentage of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase conversion, xanthine, uric acid concentration, lipoperoxides, and reduced glutathione were significantly reduced in preconditioned rats irrespectively of nitric oxide inhibition. In summary, this work shows that oxidative stress in intestinal preconditioning is reduced as consequence of the diminished conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, and also as a consequence of the reduced availability of xanthine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sola
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, IDIBAPS, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Peralta C, Prats N, Xaus C, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Protective effect of liver ischemic preconditioning on liver and lung injury induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in the rat. Hepatology 1999; 30:1481-9. [PMID: 10573528 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510300622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates whether preconditioning could modulate the injurious effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on liver and lung following hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) by inhibiting hepatic postischemic TNF release. The inhibition of hepatic TNF release from Kupffer cells with gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)) previous to ischemia maintained TNF at control levels, attenuating the increases in transaminases, vascular permeability, and edema associated with hepatic I/R injury. TNF addition reverted this beneficial effect, indicating the implication of the TNF released mainly from Kupffer cells in hepatic I/R injury. Preconditioning prevented hepatic TNF increases, thus attenuating the liver injury, while TNF addition abolished the benefits of preconditioning. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis abolished the effect of preconditioning, whereas GdCl(3) addition avoided the injurious effect of NO inhibition. In addition, NO administration before I/R offered similar results to those found in preconditioning, while TNF addition abolished the benefits of NO. Thus, the effect of preconditioning on TNF release after hepatic I/R is mediated by NO. Inhibition of hepatic TNF release from Kupffer cells with GdCl(3) prevented both the increase in plasma TNF and the injurious effect in lung seen after hepatic I/R, and these effects were reverted with TNF addition. Preconditioning resulting in reduced hepatic TNF levels prevented the systemic TNF release, thus reducing the lung damage following hepatic I/R. However, TNF addition abolished the protective effect of preconditioning on lung injury. These findings indicate that preconditioning attenuates hepatic postischemic TNF release from Kupffer cells, thus probably reducing the liver and lung injury following hepatic I/R, and that this effect of preconditioning is mediated by NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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López S, Prats N, Marco AJ. Expression of E-selectin, P-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during experimental murine listeriosis. Am J Pathol 1999; 155:1391-7. [PMID: 10514421 PMCID: PMC1866999 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65241-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The expression of adhesion molecules E-selectin, P-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) was immunohistochemically investigated during the course of experimental murine listeriosis. Infection was monitored by microbiological count of blood, liver, and spleen. After an early generalized expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1, a later regulation occurred specifically to areas of inflammation. Expression of E-selectin was faint and inconstantly detected in all of the studied organs. In the liver, typical lesions of murine listeriosis were related to the expression of ICAM-1 on sinusoidal endothelial cells and the biliary system and to the de novo expression of P-selectin in hepatic portal vessels. Inflammation in the spleen was related to the expression of ICAM-1 on red pulp sinusoidal cells, especially in the marginal sinus. High endothelial venules of inflamed lymph nodes also expressed P-selectin and ICAM-1. Lesions in the central nervous system appeared on day 3 after infection as a pyogranulomatous leptomeningitis associated with an intense expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 in meningeal vessels, especially those in the hippocampal sulcus, suggesting a way through which inflammation initially reach the central nervous system during experimental murine listeriosis. Leptomeningitis was followed by the presence of ventriculitis, which was related to the up-regulation of ICAM-1 on choroid plexus epithelial cells, periventricular vessels and ependymal cells. Up-regulation of P-selectin and ICAM-1 during experimental murine listeriosis could play an important role in the recruitment of leukocytes, especially to the liver, lymphoid organs, and central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S López
- Department of Pathology, Veterinary School, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Peralta C, León OS, Xaus C, Prats N, Jalil EC, Planell ES, Puig-Parellada P, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Protective effect of ozone treatment on the injury associated with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion: antioxidant-prooxidant balance. Free Radic Res 1999; 31:191-6. [PMID: 10499775 DOI: 10.1080/10715769900300741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of ozone treatment on the injury associated to hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) was evaluated. Ozone treatment (1 mg/kg daily during 10 days by rectal insufflation) is shown to be protective as it attenuated the increases in transaminases (AST, ALT) and lactate levels observed after I/R. I/R leads to a decrease in endogenous antioxidant (SOD and glutathione) and an increase in reactive oxygen species (H2O2) with respect to the control group. However, ozone treatment results in a preservation (glutathione) or increase (SOD) in antioxidant defense and maintains H2O2 at levels comparable to those in the control group. The present study reports a protective effect of ozone treatment on the injury associated to hepatic I/R. The effectiveness of ozone could be related to its action on endogenous antioxidants and prooxidants balance in favour of antioxidants, thus attenuating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Spain
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Altimira J, Prats N, López S, Domingo M, Briones V, Domínguez L, Marco A. Repeated oral dosing with Listeria monocytogenes in mice as a model of central nervous system listeriosis in man. J Comp Pathol 1999; 121:117-25. [PMID: 10405304 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Human listeriosis is a food-borne disease of immunosuppressed or previously healthy adults. The repeated oral administration of a sublethal dose (5x10(9)colony-forming units) of Listeria monocytogenes for 7 or 10 consecutive days led to the development of severe central nervous system (CNS) lesions in 25% of experimental mice. Histopathological examination of the brain revealed rhombencephalitis and ventriculitis as two distinct inflammatory patterns, resembling those seen in human listeriosis. This model would seem to be potentially useful for research on pathogenesis, predisposing factors and therapy in CNS listeriosis in man. 1999 W.B. Saunders and Company Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Altimira
- Departamento de Patología y Producción Animales (Histología y Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Closa D, Sabater L, Fernández-Cruz L, Prats N, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Activation of alveolar macrophages in lung injury associated with experimental acute pancreatitis is mediated by the liver. Ann Surg 1999; 229:230-6. [PMID: 10024105 PMCID: PMC1191636 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199902000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate (1) whether alveolar macrophages are activated as a consequence of acute pancreatitis (AP), (2) the implication of inflammatory factors released by these macrophages in the process of neutrophil migration into the lungs observed in lung injury induced by AP, and (3) the role of the liver in the activation of alveolar macrophages. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Acute lung injury is the extrapancreatic complication most frequently associated with death and complications in severe AP. Neutrophil infiltration into the lungs seems to be related to the release of systemic and local mediators. The liver and alveolar macrophages are sources of mediators that have been suggested to participate in the lung damage associated with AP. METHODS Pancreatitis was induced in rats by intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurocholate. The inflammatory process in the lung and the activation of alveolar macrophages were investigated in animals with and without portocaval shunting 3 hours after AP induction. Alveolar macrophages were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. The generation of nitric oxide, leukotriene B4, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and MIP-2 by alveolar macrophages and the chemotactic activity of supernatants of cultured macrophages were evaluated. RESULTS Pancreatitis was associated with increased infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs 3 hours after induction. This effect was prevented by the portocaval shunt. Alveolar macrophages obtained after induction of pancreatitis generated increased levels of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and MIP-2, but not leukotriene B4. In addition, supernatants of these macrophages exhibited a chemotactic activity for neutrophils when instilled into the lungs of unmanipulated animals. All these effects were abolished when portocaval shunting was carried out before induction of pancreatitis. CONCLUSION Lung damage induced by experimental AP is associated with alveolar macrophage activation. The liver mediates the alveolar macrophage activation in this experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Closa
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Institut d'Investigaciones Biomediques August P. Sunyer, Institut d'Investigaciones Biomediques de Barcelona--Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain
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Peralta C, Hotter G, Closa D, Prats N, Xaus C, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. The protective role of adenosine in inducing nitric oxide synthesis in rat liver ischemia preconditioning is mediated by activation of adenosine A2 receptors. Hepatology 1999; 29:126-32. [PMID: 9862858 DOI: 10.1002/hep.510290104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine if the protective role of adenosine in liver ischemic preconditioning is mediated by the activation of adenosine receptors and to ascertain which of these receptors is implicated in the process. Administration of adenosine A1 and A2 receptor antagonists to preconditioned animals indicates that hepatic preconditioning is mediated by the activation of adenosine A2 receptors. Propentofylline (an inhibitor of adenosine transport into cells) in the preconditioned group, subjected to previous administration of an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist, prevented the negative effect of the latter on the protection offered by preconditioning. An increase of NO production was detected just immediately after hepatic preconditioning, and the administration of an adenosine A2 receptor antagonist to the preconditioning group prevented this increase, thus abolishing the protective effect of preconditioning. However, the administration of a NO donor to the preconditioned group subjected to previous administration of the adenosine A2 receptor antagonist was able to maintain the preconditioning effects. In conclusion, these results indicate that, in preconditioning, the protective effect of adenosine could be a result of an increase in extracellular adenosine. This in turn would induce the activation of adenosine A2 receptors, which, by eliciting an increase in NO generation, would protect against the injury associated with hepatic ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC-IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
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Hotter G, Pi F, Sanz C, Peralta C, Prats N, Gelpi E, Badosa F, Fernández-Cruz L, Roselló-Catafau J. Endothelin mediated nitric oxide effects in ischemia--reperfusion associated with pancreas transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 1998; 43:2627-33. [PMID: 9881493 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026690925081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Formation of nitric oxide (NO) in ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) associated with pancreas transplantation could modulate the inflammatory response. In this sense, previous studies have demonstrated the action of NO on vasoactive substances like prostacyclin or endothelin. The present study was designed to evaluate the contribution of endothelin to the inflammatory events induced by NO in the I-R process associated with pancreas transplantation. For this purpose, pancreatic levels of endothelin, neutrophil infiltration, and prostacyclin were evaluated in an experimental model of pancreas transplantation after inhibition of NO synthesis or after NO inhibition plus addition of endothelin. Results show significant posttransplantation increases in endothelin, neutrophil infiltration, and prostacyclin production. These increases were prevented by NO inhibition. Endothelin administration plus nitric oxide inhibition reversed this effect, resulting in an increase in myeloperoxidase and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha. These results suggest that the proinflammatory effects of NO in I-R associated with pancreas transplantation are mediated by the induction of endothelin generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hotter
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas e Barcelona-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, and Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Spain
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Juan-Sallés C, Prats N, Marco AJ, Ramos-Vara JA, Borrás D, Fernández J. Fatal acute toxoplasmosis in three golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia). J Zoo Wildl Med 1998; 29:55-60. [PMID: 9638627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatal acute toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in three golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), a breeding pair and their male offspring, by histology and immunohistochemistry. The distribution and severity of lesions differed among the animals, but the small intestine and the pancreaticoduodenal lymph nodes were especially affected. Protozoal organisms consistent with Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites, often clustered, were seen in all lesions and were specifically immunostained with a T. gondii polyclonal antibody. The infection was probably acquired orally. Several breeding groups of golden lion tamarins have succumbed to toxoplasmosis both in North American and European zoos, so this disease should be considered an important problem in this endangered species. Toxoplasma gondii can cause latent infections in New World primates and therefore could potentially induce abortions or congenital infections in wild golden lion tamarins born from latently infected reintroduced females.
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Abstract
The role of 5-lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in the inflammatory response associated with experimental acute pancreatitis has been evaluated. For this purpose, an experimental necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in rats by intraductal administration of 5% sodium taurocholate. Neutrophil infiltration was detected in pancreas at 1 and 3 h after the induction of pancreatitis. This was concomitant with increased levels of leukotriene B4 and peptide leukotrienes (C4, D4 and E4). In lung, similar increases in neutrophil infiltration were detected but only 3 h after acute pancreatitis induction, and no changes in leukotriene B4 nor peptide leukotrienes were apparent at this time. These results suggest that after induction of acute pancreatitis, 5-lipoxygenase metabolites could play a role in the inflammatory response in the pancreas, but they are not involved in the inflammatory response in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Folch
- Molecular Pathology and Biochemistry of Inflammation Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona, CSIC, Spain
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López S, Borràs D, Juan-Sallés C, Prats N, Domingo M, Marco AJ. Immunohistochemical detection of adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse tissues. J Transl Med 1997; 77:543-4. [PMID: 9389798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S López
- Department of Pathology and Animal Productions, Veterinary School, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Marco AJ, Altimira J, Prats N, López S, Dominguez L, Domingo M, Briones V. Penetration of Listeria monocytogenes in mice infected by the oral route. Microb Pathog 1997; 23:255-63. [PMID: 9405203 DOI: 10.1006/mpat.1997.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it is suggested that the Peyer's patches are the most important point of entry of Listeria monocytogenes in the host after subclinical infection by the oral route. Microbiological, histopathological and ultrastructural evidence of infection was obtained in mice inoculated with a sublethal dose of 10(9) cfu. No mortality was observed. L. monocytogenes was isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes from 6 hours post infection (hpi) through day 7 p.i. and from the liver and spleen from 24 h p.i. until days 5 and 7 p.i. respectively. Lesions were mainly restricted to the dome area of Peyer's patches and consisted of a purulent to pyogranulomatous inflammatory reaction. Scarce and minor lesions were also observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver. L. monocytogenes was detected by immunohistochemistry in the Peyer's patches from 12 h p. i. to day 6 p.i. Ultrastructural study of Peyer's patches showed that the majority of Listeria cells were free within the cytoplasm of neutrophils and macrophages, not surrounded by a phagosomal membrane, and some of them were dividing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marco
- Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Prats N, López S, Domingo M, Briones V, García JA, Domínguez L, Marco AJ. Prolonged persistence of Listeria monocytogenes after intragastric infection in corticosteroid-treated mice. Vet Microbiol 1997; 58:79-85. [PMID: 9451464 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(97)00132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In an attempt to obtain a model more closely resembling natural listeriosis, we studied the course of infection in mice inoculated by the intragastric route with Listeria monocytogenes. Corticosteroid-treated, and untreated mice both developed subclinical infection without mortality, but faecal shedding and persistence of bacteria in the liver and spleen of corticosteroid-treated mice were significantly more protracted than in untreated mice. Untreated mice cleared the bacteria from their livers and spleens by day 5 postinfection (PI), whereas treated mice did not clear the organisms until 8-9 days PI. In untreated mice faecal shedding lasted 5 days PI, whereas in treated mice the organisms were recovered at significantly higher levels until day 9 PI. The only intestinal lesions observed were mild pyogranulomatous changes in the dome area of some Peyer's patches in treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Prats
- Departamento de Patología y Producciones Animales (Anatomía Patológica), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Juan-Sallés C, Ramos-Vara JA, Prats N, Solé-Nicolás J, Segalés J, Marco AJ. Spontaneous herpes simplex virus infection in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). J Vet Diagn Invest 1997; 9:341-5. [PMID: 9249183 DOI: 10.1177/104063879700900325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C Juan-Sallés
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary School, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
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Pi F, Hotter G, Closa D, Prats N, Fernández-Cruz L, Badosa F, Gelpi E, Roselló-Catafau J. Differential effect of nitric oxide inhibition as a function of preservation period in pancreas transplantation. Dig Dis Sci 1997; 42:962-71. [PMID: 9149049 DOI: 10.1023/a:1018824700470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The role of nitric oxide, produced during reperfusion as a function of preservation time, in the development of the inflammatory process in pancreas transplantation has been explored. For this purpose, the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition, as well as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, leukotriene B4, and lipoperoxidation levels were evaluated in an experimental model of rat pancreas transplantation after different periods of cold preservation. The results show posttransplantation increases in 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, leukotriene B4, and lipoperoxidation levels in pancreatic tissue and in plasma lipase. When ischemia was induced for 30 min, nitric oxide synthase inhibition prevented these increases, and L-arginine was able to reverse this effect. By contrast, nitric oxide synthase inhibition has no effect when ischemia was prolonged for 12 hr. In summary, this study suggests that, during reperfusion, nitric oxide modulates 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha synthesis, lipoperoxidation levels, and the development of pancreatic injury but only when the ischemic period is quite short.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Pi
- Department of Surgery, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Spain
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Hotter G, Closa D, Prats N, Pi F, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Free radical enhancement promotes leucocyte recruitment through a PAF and LTB4 dependent mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 1997; 22:947-54. [PMID: 9034233 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(96)00494-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present investigation we studied the concerted role of superoxide anion, platelet activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in the mechanism that results in polymorphonuclear leucocyte accumulation induced by oxygen free radicals in rat pancreas. This was done by comparing the effects of a PAF antagonist (BN-52021), a LTB4 inhibitor (MK-886) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a experimental rat model of inflammation elicited by the oxygen free radicals induced via infusion of xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Also, the effect of independent LTB4 infusion has been studied. The results show that increases in polymorphonuclear cell infiltration (evaluated by tissue histology), myeloperoxidase and LTB4 levels induced in pancreas by infusion of xanthine/xanthine oxidase were abolished by the administration of either the PAF antagonist, the LTB4 inhibitor, or SOD. The fact that BN-52021 could prevent neutrophil recruitment and LTB4 synthesis suggests that PAF is a necessary step for subsequent LTB4 synthesis and polymorphonuclear leucocyte accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hotter
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona, CSIC, Spain.
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Juan-Sallés C, Prats N, López S, Domingo M, Marco AJ, Morán JF. Epizootic disseminated toxoplasmosis in captive slender-tailed meerkats (Suricata suricatta). Vet Pathol 1997; 34:1-7. [PMID: 9150539 DOI: 10.1177/030098589703400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fatal disseminated toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in seven captive slender-tailed meerkats (Suricata suricatta) according to clinicopathologic findings and immunohistochemistry. Five of nine meerkats died during an outbreak in late 1994. These included four kits (2.5 to 4.5 months old) and a 4-year-old meerkat. Two other meerkats, both adults, died in 1992 and 1995. Respiratory insufficiency (4/7) and incoordination (3/7) were the most consistent clinical signs. although two of seven meerkats died unexpectedly. At necropsy, the lungs were reddened and noncollapsed (6/7), and had multiple pale round foci (4/7). Yellow foci of necrosis in mesenteric lymph nodes (4/7), splenomegaly (3/7), and hydropericardium (3/7) were other common gross findings. Microscopically, interstitial pneumonia was present in all seven meerkats, being acute to subacute in six of them. Type 2 pneumocyte hyperplasia, aggregates of foamy macrophages, and giant cells were consistently seen. Multifocal to locally extensive necrosis of mesenteric lymph nodes (4/7), mild to severe multifocal necrotizing hepatitis (5/6), and mild nonsuppurative encephalitis (4/6) were also seen. Toxoplasma-like organisms were consistently associated with these lesions and were stained by the avidin biotin peroxidase procedure with an antiserum that does not cross-react with Neospora caninum. Meerkats were most likely infected after an oral, primary exposure to Toxoplasma. Several observations indicate that meerkats may be highly susceptible to toxoplasmosis.
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Peralta C, Closa D, Hotter G, Gelpí E, Prats N, Roselló-Catafau J. Liver ischemic preconditioning is mediated by the inhibitory action of nitric oxide on endothelin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 229:264-70. [PMID: 8954116 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.1790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The concerted involvement of both NO and endothelin in the protective effect of preconditioning against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion induced injury has been evaluated in this study. Thus hepatic ischemia-reperfusion or preconditioning plus ischemia-reperfusion was induced in rats and the effect of nitric oxide administration or inhibition with addition of the endothelin antagonist Bosentan was evaluated. Results show that the increases in plasma GPT release after ischemia-reperfusion were prevented after preconditioning. Inhibition of nitric oxide abolished the effect of preconditioning, addition of the endothelin antagonist abolished the injurious effect of NO inhibition. Also, increased synthesis of endothelin has been detected after ischemia-reperfusion, and addition of NO or preconditioning prevented this increase, suggesting that increases of NO inhibit endothelin synthesis. Altogether this indicates that hepatic preconditioning is mediated by the inhibitory action of nitric oxide on endothelin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Peralta
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Hotter G, Closa D, Prados M, Fernández-Cruz L, Prats N, Gelpí E, Roselló-Catafau J. Intestinal preconditioning is mediated by a transient increase in nitric oxide. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1996; 222:27-32. [PMID: 8630069 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1996.0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ischemic preconditioning on the intestine, as well the implantation of nitric oxide and prostacyclin in this process has been evaluated. Thus, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion was induced in rats, and the protection conferred by previous preconditioning was evaluated. In addition, the effect of nitric oxide inhibition and the administration of nitric oxide were determined. Results show that the increases observed in LDH release after ischemia-reperfusion were prevented after preconditioning. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis abolished the protective effect of preconditioning, and nitric oxide administration replicated this effect. Also, an increased synthesis of nitric oxide has been detected after preconditioning. Increases in 6 keto PGF1 alpha were independent of nitric oxide. Altogether indicates that preconditioning is triggered by an initial increase in nitric oxide synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hotter
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, IIBB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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Closa D, Bardají M, Hotter G, Prats N, Gelpí E, Fernández-Cruz L, Roselló-Catafau J. Hepatic involvement in pancreatitis-induced lung damage. Am J Physiol 1996; 270:G6-13. [PMID: 8772495 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.1996.270.1.g6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The role of liver in the respiratory dysfunction associated with acute pancreatitis has been evaluated. For this purpose, an experimental necrohemorrhagic pancreatitis was induced in rats by intraductal administration of 3.5% sodium taurocholate. Additionally, a portocaval shunt was performed before induction of acute pancreatitis to prevent the initial passage through the liver of substances released by the pancreas. Twelve hours after the induction of pancreatitis, increases in lung prostacyclin and thromboxane B2 synthesis, decreased lung superoxide dismutase activity, and increases in plasma phospholipase A2 activity were found. In addition, inflammatory injury was evidenced in lung by histopathological analysis. The portocaval shunt was able to prevent the metabolic changes and ameliorate the inflammatory process in the lung, suggesting that the liver plays an active role in the systemic inflammatory response to acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Closa
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Barcelona, Spain
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Hotter G, Closa D, Gelpí E, Prats N, Roselló-Catafau J. Role of xanthine oxidase and eicosanoids in development of pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Inflammation 1995; 19:469-78. [PMID: 7558251 DOI: 10.1007/bf01534580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The implication of different eicosanoids and oxygen free radicals in the development of pancreatic injury after an ischemia-reperfusion process has been evaluated. For this purpose we have compared the effect of allopurinol and indomethacin administration on the pancreatic levels of eicosanoids in a rat model of pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion. After 60 min of pancreatic ischemia and 2 h of reperfusion, significant increases in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, and LTB4 in pancreas tissue were detected. Allopurinol before the ischemic period reduced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGE2, and LTB4 levels to the range of basal values, while prior indomethacin treatment significantly reduced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGE2 levels, with LTB4 remaining unmodified. Increased postischemic plasma lipases were also significantly reduced by allopurinol to the range of sham-operated animals whereas indomethacin did not modify these levels. The data suggest a role for lipoxygenase metabolites in the development of pancreatic injury and the importance of the enzyme xanthine oxidase as an inductor of eicosanoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hotter
- Department of Medical Bioanalysis, CID, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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