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Kaoullas MG, Thal DM, Christopoulos A, Valant C. Ligand bias at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor family: Opportunities and challenges. Neuropharmacology 2024; 258:110092. [PMID: 39067666 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by the endogenous neurotransmitter, acetylcholine (ACh). Disruption of mAChR signalling has been associated with a variety of neurological disorders and non-neurological diseases. Consequently, the development of agonists and antagonists of the mAChRs has been a major avenue in drug discovery. Unfortunately, mAChR ligands are often associated with on-target side effects for two reasons. The first reason is due to the high sequence conservation at the orthosteric ACh binding site among all five receptor subtypes (M1-M5), making on-target subtype selectivity a major challenge. The second reason is due to on-target side effects of mAChR drugs that are associated with the pleiotropic nature of mAChR signalling at the level of a single mAChR subtype. Indeed, there is growing evidence that within the myriad of signalling events produced by mAChR ligands, some will have therapeutic benefits, whilst others may promote cholinergic side effects. This paradigm of drug action, known as ligand bias or biased agonism, is an attractive feature for next-generation mAChR drugs, as it holds the promise of developing drugs devoid of on-target adverse effects. Although relatively simple to detect and even quantify in vitro, ligand bias, as observed in recombinant systems, does not always translate to in vivo systems, which remains a major hurdle in GPCR drug discovery, including the mAChR family. Here we report recent studies that have attempted to detect and quantify ligand bias at the mAChR family, and briefly discuss the challenges associated with biased agonist drug development. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Ligand Bias".
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela G Kaoullas
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052, VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052, VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052, VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, 3052, VIC, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
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2
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Kenakin T. Know your molecule: pharmacological characterization of drug candidates to enhance efficacy and reduce late-stage attrition. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:626-644. [PMID: 38890494 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-024-00958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Despite advances in chemical, computational and biological sciences, the rate of attrition of drug candidates in clinical development is still high. A key point in the small-molecule discovery process that could provide opportunities to help address this challenge is the pharmacological characterization of hit and lead compounds, culminating in the selection of a drug candidate. Deeper characterization is increasingly important, because the 'quality' of drug efficacy, at least for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is now understood to be much more than activation of commonly evaluated pathways such as cAMP signalling, with many more 'efficacies' of ligands that could be harnessed therapeutically. Such characterization is being enabled by novel assays to characterize the complex behaviour of GPCRs, such as biased signalling and allosteric modulation, as well as advances in structural biology, such as cryo-electron microscopy. This article discusses key factors in the assessments of the pharmacology of hit and lead compounds in the context of GPCRs as a target class, highlighting opportunities to identify drug candidates with the potential to address limitations of current therapies and to improve the probability of them succeeding in clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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3
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Gu B, Han K, Cao H, Huang X, Li X, Mao M, Zhu H, Cai H, Li D, He J. Heart-on-a-chip systems with tissue-specific functionalities for physiological, pathological, and pharmacological studies. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100914. [PMID: 38179431 PMCID: PMC10765251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in heart-on-a-chip systems hold great promise to facilitate cardiac physiological, pathological, and pharmacological studies. This review focuses on the development of heart-on-a-chip systems with tissue-specific functionalities. For one thing, the strategies for developing cardiac microtissues on heart-on-a-chip systems that closely mimic the structures and behaviors of the native heart are analyzed, including the imitation of cardiac structural and functional characteristics. For another, the development of techniques for real-time monitoring of biophysical and biochemical signals from cardiac microtissues on heart-on-a-chip systems is introduced, incorporating cardiac electrophysiological signals, contractile activity, and biomarkers. Furthermore, the applications of heart-on-a-chip systems in intelligent cardiac studies are discussed regarding physiological/pathological research and pharmacological assessment. Finally, the future development of heart-on-a-chip toward a higher level of systematization, integration, and maturation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingsong Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Kang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hanbo Cao
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’ an, 710065, China
| | - Xinxin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Mao Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Hu Cai
- Shaanxi Provincial Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi’ an, 710065, China
| | - Dichen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Jiankang He
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Additive Manufacturing Medical Devices, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi’ an, 710049, China
- National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Medical Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
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4
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Hamed O, Jayasinghe V, Giembycz MA. The β-Blocker Carvedilol and Related Aryloxypropanolamines Promote ERK1/2 Phosphorylation in HEK293 Cells with K A Values Distinct From Their Equilibrium Dissociation Constants as β 2-Adrenoceptor Antagonists: Evidence for Functional Affinity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:688-700. [PMID: 38129128 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The determination of affinity by using functional assays is important in drug discovery because it provides a more relevant estimate of the strength of interaction of a ligand to its cognate receptor than radioligand binding. However, empirical evidence for so-called, "functional affinity" is limited. Herein, we determined whether the affinity of carvedilol, a β-adrenoceptor antagonist used to treat heart failure that also promotes extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, differed between these two pharmacological activities. Four structurally related β-adrenoceptor antagonists (alprenolol, carazolol, pindolol, propranolol) that also activated ERK1/2 were included as comparators to enhance our understanding of how these drugs work in the clinical setting. In HEK293 cells stably expressing the human β 2-adrenoceptor carvedilol and related aryloxypropanolamines were partial agonists of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with potencies ([A]50s) that were lower than their equilibrium dissociation constants (K Bs) as β 2-adrenoceptor antagonists. As the [A]50 of a partial agonist is a good approximation of its K B, then these data indicated that the affinities of carvedilol and related ligands for these two activities were distinct. Moreover, there was a significant negative rank order correlation between the [A]50 of each ligand to activate ERK1/2 and their intrinsic activities (i.e., as intrinsic activity for ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased, so did affinity). Genome editing revealed that the transducer that coupled the β 2-adrenoceptor to ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to carvedilol and other β 2-adrenoceptor antagonists was Gαs. Collectively, these data support the concept of "functional affinity" and indicate that the ability of the β 2-adrenoceptor to recruit Gαs may influence the affinity of the activating ligand. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In HEK293 cells overexpressing the human β2-adrenoceptor carvedilol and four related aryloxypropanolamines behaved as β2-adrenoceptor antagonists and partial agonists of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with rank orders of affinity that were distinct. These data imply that carvedilol and other β-blockers can stabilize the β2-adrenoceptor in different affinity conformations that are revealed when functionally distinct responses are measured. This is the basis for the pharmacological concept of "functional affinity."
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hamed
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Varuna Jayasinghe
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Lung Health Research Group, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Kostenis E, Gomeza J, Miess-Tanneberg E, Blum NK, Benkel T, Chevigné A, Hoffmann C, Kolb P, Nikolaev V, Waldhoer M, Szpakowska M, Inoue A, Schulz S. Reply to: How carvedilol does not activate β 2-adrenoceptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7867. [PMID: 38036502 PMCID: PMC10689814 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42849-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jesus Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elke Miess-Tanneberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Nina Kathleen Blum
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Benkel
- Molecular, Cellular, and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- ISAR Bioscience, Semmelweisstraße 5, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Waldhoer
- InterAx Biotech AG, 5234, Villigen, Switzerland
- Ikherma Consulting Ltd, Hitchin, SG4 0TY, UK
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Immuno-Pharmacology and Interactomics, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
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6
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Lefkowitz RJ, Rockman HA, Shim PJ, Liu S, Ahn S, Pani B, Rajagopal S, Shenoy SK, Bouvier M, Benovic JL, Liggett SB, Ruffolo RR, Bristow MR, Packer M. How carvedilol does not activate β 2-adrenoceptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7866. [PMID: 38036531 PMCID: PMC10689753 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42848-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Lefkowitz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | | | - Paul J Shim
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samuel Liu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Seungkirl Ahn
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sudha K Shenoy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen B Liggett
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Robert R Ruffolo
- Research & Development, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado - Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Milton Packer
- Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Imperial College, London, UK
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7
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Benkel T, Zimmermann M, Zeiner J, Bravo S, Merten N, Lim VJY, Matthees ESF, Drube J, Miess-Tanneberg E, Malan D, Szpakowska M, Monteleone S, Grimes J, Koszegi Z, Lanoiselée Y, O'Brien S, Pavlaki N, Dobberstein N, Inoue A, Nikolaev V, Calebiro D, Chevigné A, Sasse P, Schulz S, Hoffmann C, Kolb P, Waldhoer M, Simon K, Gomeza J, Kostenis E. How Carvedilol activates β 2-adrenoceptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7109. [PMID: 36402762 PMCID: PMC9675828 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvedilol is among the most effective β-blockers for improving survival after myocardial infarction. Yet the mechanisms by which carvedilol achieves this superior clinical profile are still unclear. Beyond blockade of β1-adrenoceptors, arrestin-biased signalling via β2-adrenoceptors is a molecular mechanism proposed to explain the survival benefits. Here, we offer an alternative mechanism to rationalize carvedilol's cellular signalling. Using primary and immortalized cells genome-edited by CRISPR/Cas9 to lack either G proteins or arrestins; and combining biological, biochemical, and signalling assays with molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that G proteins drive all detectable carvedilol signalling through β2ARs. Because a clear understanding of how drugs act is imperative to data interpretation in basic and clinical research, to the stratification of clinical trials or to the monitoring of drug effects on the target pathway, the mechanistic insight gained here provides a foundation for the rational development of signalling prototypes that target the β-adrenoceptor system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Benkel
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
- Research Training Group 1873, University of Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Julian Zeiner
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sergi Bravo
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicole Merten
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Victor Jun Yu Lim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Edda Sofie Fabienne Matthees
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Julia Drube
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Elke Miess-Tanneberg
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniela Malan
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martyna Szpakowska
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Stefania Monteleone
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yann Lanoiselée
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Shannon O'Brien
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nikoleta Pavlaki
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Viacheslav Nikolaev
- Institute of Experimental Cardiovascular Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andy Chevigné
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), L-4354, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07747, Jena, Germany
- 7TM Antibodies GmbH, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Kolb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Waldhoer
- InterAx Biotech AG, 5234, Villigen, Switzerland
- Ikherma Consulting Ltd, Hitchin, SG4 0TY, UK
| | - Katharina Simon
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jesus Gomeza
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Tian X, Zhang J, Wang S, Gao H, Sun Y, Liu X, Fu W, Tan B, Su R. Tyrosine 7.43 is important for mu-opioid receptor downstream signaling pathways activated by fentanyl. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919325. [PMID: 36120357 PMCID: PMC9478952 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors can signal through both G proteins and ß-arrestin2. For the µ-opioid receptor (MOR), early experimental evidence from a single study suggested that G protein signaling mediates analgesia and sedation, whereas ß-arrestin signaling mediates respiratory depression and constipation. Then, receptor mutations were used to clarify which residues interact with ligands to selectively regulate signals in a ligand-specific manner. However, there is no systematic study on how to determine these residues and clarify the molecular mechanism of their influence on signal pathways. We have therefore used molecular docking to predict the amino acid sites that affect the binding of ligands and MOR. Then, the corresponding sites were mutated to determine the effect of the structural determinant of MOR on Gi/o protein and ß-arrestin pathways. The pharmacological and animal behavioral experiments in combination with molecular dynamics simulations were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism of key residues governing the signaling. Without affecting ligand binding to MOR, MORY7.43A attenuated the activation of both Gi/o protein and ß-arrestin signaling pathways stimulated by fentanyl, whereas it did not change these two pathways stimulated by morphine. Likewise, the activation peak time of extracellular regulated protein kinases was significantly prolonged at MORY7.43A compared with that at MORwildtype stimulated by fentanyl, but there was no difference stimulated by morphine. In addition, MORY7.43A significantly enhanced analgesia by fentanyl but not by morphine in the mice behavioral experiment. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulations showed that H6 moves toward the cellular membrane. H6 of the fentanyl–Y7.43A system moved outward more than that in the morphine–Y7.43A system. Y7.43 mutation disrupted hydrophobic interactions between W6.48 and Y7.43 in the fentanyl–Y7.43A system but not in the morphine–Y7.43A system. Our results have disclosed novel mechanisms of Y7.43 mutation affecting MOR signaling pathways. Y7.43 mutation reduced the activation of the Gi/o protein pathway and blocked the ß-arrestin2 recruitment, increased the H6 outward movement of MOR, and disrupted hydrophobic interactions. This may be responsible for the enhanced fentanyl analgesia. These findings are conducive to designing new drugs from the perspective of ligand and receptor binding, and Y7.43 is also expected to be a key site to structure optimization of synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tan, , ; Ruibin Su, ,
| | - Ruibin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tan, , ; Ruibin Su, ,
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9
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Chen J, Wang J, Zeng Q, Wang W, Sun H, Wei B. Exploring the deactivation mechanism of human β2 adrenergic receptor by accelerated molecular dynamic simulations. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:972463. [PMID: 36111136 PMCID: PMC9468641 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.972463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR), one of important members of the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been suggested as an important target for cardiac and asthma drugs. Two replicas of Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations are performed to explore the deactivation mechanism of the active β2AR bound by three different substrates, including the agonist (P0G), antagonist (JTZ) and inverse agonist (JRZ). The simulation results indicate that the Gs protein is needed to stabilize the active state of the β2AR. Without the Gs protein, the receptor could transit from the active state toward the inactive state. During the transition process, helix TM6 moves toward TM3 and TM5 in geometric space and TM5 shrinks upwards. The intermediate state is captured during the transition process of the active β2AR toward the inactive one, moreover the changes in hydrophobic interaction networks between helixes TM3, TM5, and TM6 and the formation of a salt bridge between residues Arg3.50 and Glu6.30 drive the transition process. We expect that this finding can provide energetic basis and molecular mechanism for further understanding the function and target roles of the β2AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Chen
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhong Chen, ; Benzheng Wei,
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haibo Sun
- School of Science, Shandong Jiaotong University, Jinan, China
| | - Benzheng Wei
- Center for Medical Artificial Intelligence, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Jianzhong Chen, ; Benzheng Wei,
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10
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Duran‐Corbera A, Faria M, Ma Y, Prats E, Dias A, Catena J, Martinez KL, Raldua D, Llebaria A, Rovira X. A Photoswitchable Ligand Targeting the β
1
‐Adrenoceptor Enables Light‐Control of the Cardiac Rhythm**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203449. [PMID: 35608051 PMCID: PMC9401038 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine‐triggered β‐adrenoceptor (β‐AR) signaling is essential for the correct functioning of the heart. Although both β1‐ and β2‐AR subtypes are expressed in cardiomyocytes, drugs selectively targeting β1‐AR have proven this receptor as the main target for the therapeutic effects of beta blockers in the heart. Here, we report a new strategy for the light‐control of β1‐AR activation by means of photoswitchable drugs with a high level of β1‐/β2‐AR selectivity. All reported molecules allow for an efficient real‐time optical control of receptor function in vitro. Moreover, using confocal microscopy we demonstrate that the binding of our best hit, pAzo‐2, can be reversibly photocontrolled. Strikingly, pAzo‐2 also enables a dynamic cardiac rhythm management on living zebrafish larvae using light, thus highlighting the therapeutic and research potential of the developed photoswitches. Overall, this work provides the first proof of precise control of the therapeutic target β1‐AR in native environments using light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duran‐Corbera
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID), CSIC Jordi Girona 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - André Dias
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Juanlo Catena
- SIMchem, Service of Synthesis of High Added Value Molecules Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 Barcelona Spain
| | - Karen L. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Demetrio Raldua
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Rovira
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
- Previous address: Molecular Photopharmacology Research Group The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab) Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia 08500 Vic Spain
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11
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Cancer-Associated Mutations of the Adenosine A2A Receptor Have Diverse Influences on Ligand Binding and Receptor Functions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154676. [PMID: 35897852 PMCID: PMC9331671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) is a class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR). It is an immune checkpoint in the tumor micro-environment and has become an emerging target for cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the effects of cancer-patient-derived A2AAR mutations on ligand binding and receptor functions. The wild-type A2AAR and 15 mutants identified by Genomic Data Commons (GDC) in human cancers were expressed in HEK293T cells. Firstly, we found that the binding affinity for agonist NECA was decreased in six mutants but increased for the V275A mutant. Mutations A165V and A265V decreased the binding affinity for antagonist ZM241385. Secondly, we found that the potency of NECA (EC50) in an impedance-based cell-morphology assay was mostly correlated with the binding affinity for the different mutants. Moreover, S132L and H278N were found to shift the A2AAR towards the inactive state. Importantly, we found that ZM241385 could not inhibit the activation of V275A and P285L stimulated by NECA. Taken together, the cancer-associated mutations of A2AAR modulated ligand binding and receptor functions. This study provides fundamental insights into the structure–activity relationship of the A2AAR and provides insights for A2AAR-related personalized treatment in cancer.
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12
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Leal Santos S, Chen BK, Pereira GR, Pham V, Denny CA. Propranolol Administration Modulates Neural Activity in the Hippocampal Hilus During Fear Retrieval. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:919831. [PMID: 35874651 PMCID: PMC9301278 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.919831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered fear learning is a strong behavioral component of anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Recent efforts have attempted to combine exposure therapies with drugs that target fear memory retrieval and memory reconsolidation, in order to improve treatment efficacy. The noradrenergic (NA) signaling system is of particular interest, due to its role in regulating the stress response and its involvement in fear and learning processes. Importantly, propranolol (P), a non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist, has shown the potential in decreasing exaggerated fear in both humans and animal models. In a previous study, we utilized an activity-dependent tagging murine model to determine the neural mechanisms by which propranolol attenuates learned fear. We found that propranolol acutely decreased memory trace reactivation specifically in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), but not in CA3 or CA1. Here, we extended our previous study by investigating whether propranolol additionally altered activity in the hilus, a polymorphic layer that consists of neurons, mossy cells, and GABAergic interneurons. We found that propranolol acutely reduced overall hilar activity in both the dorsal and ventral hilus. Moreover, we report that propranolol significantly altered the activity of parvalbumin (PV)+ cells in the ventral (vDG), but not dorsal DG (dDG). Together, these results suggest that a β-adrenergic blockade may affect the activity of excitatory and inhibitory cell types in the hilar layer of the DG, and that these alterations may contribute to manipulating fear memory traces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Leal Santos
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, United States
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e da Saúde (ICVS)/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Briana K. Chen
- Neurobiology and Behavior (NB&B) Graduate Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Guilherme R. Pereira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação em Ciências da Vida e da Saúde (ICVS)/3Bs - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Vananh Pham
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Christine A. Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc. (RFMH)/New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Christine A. Denny,
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13
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Duran‐Corbera A, Faria M, Ma Y, Prats E, Dias A, Catena J, Martinez KL, Raldua D, Llebaria A, Rovira X. A Photoswitchable Ligand Targeting the β
1
‐Adrenoceptor Enables Light‐Control of the Cardiac Rhythm**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Duran‐Corbera
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID), CSIC Jordi Girona 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - André Dias
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Juanlo Catena
- SIMchem, Service of Synthesis of High Added Value Molecules Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 Barcelona Spain
| | - Karen L. Martinez
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience Center University of Copenhagen Thorvaldsensvej 40 1871 Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Demetrio Raldua
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Amadeu Llebaria
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
| | - Xavier Rovira
- MCS, Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC Jordi Girona, 18 08034 Barcelona Spain
- Molecular Photopharmacology Research Group The Tissue Repair and Regeneration Laboratory (TR2Lab) Faculty of Sciences and Technology University of Vic, Central University of Catalonia 08500 Vic Spain
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14
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McDonald JK, van der Westhuizen ET, Pham V, Thompson G, Felder CC, Paul SM, Thal DM, Christopoulos A, Valant C. Biased Profile of Xanomeline at the Recombinant Human M 4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1206-1218. [PMID: 35380782 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs are structural analogues of the endogenous (natural) ligands of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, it is becoming appreciated that chemically distinct ligands can bind to GPCRs in conformations that lead to different cellular signaling events, a phenomenon termed biased agonism. Despite this, the rigorous experimentation and analysis required to identify biased agonism are often not undertaken in most clinical candidates and go unrealized. Recently, xanomeline, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist, has entered phase III clinical trials for the treatment of schizophrenia. If successful, xanomeline will be the first novel FDA-approved antipsychotic drug in almost 50 years. Intriguingly, xanomeline's potential for biased agonism at the mAChRs and, in particular, the M4 mAChR, the most promising receptor target for schizophrenia, has not been assessed. Here, we quantify the biased agonism profile of xanomeline and three other mAChR agonists in Chinese hamster ovary cells recombinantly expressing the M4 mAChR. Agonist activity was examined across nine distinct signaling readouts, including the activation of five different G protein subtypes, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, β-arrestin recruitment, calcium mobilization, and cAMP regulation. Relative to acetylcholine (ACh), xanomeline was biased away from ERK1/2 phosphorylation and calcium mobilization compared to Gαi2 protein activation. These findings likely have important implications for our understanding of the therapeutic action of xanomeline and call for further investigation into the in vivo consequences of biased agonism in drugs targeting the M4 mAChR for the treatment of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack K. McDonald
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Emma T. van der Westhuizen
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Geoff Thompson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | | | - Steven M. Paul
- Karuna Therapeutics, Boston, Massachusetts 02110, United States
| | - David M. Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Centre, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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15
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Huang SK, Prosser RS. Dynamics and Mechanistic Underpinnings to Pharmacology of Class A GPCRs - An NMR Perspective. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C739-C753. [PMID: 35235425 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00044.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
One-third of current pharmaceuticals target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest receptor superfamily in humans and mediators of diverse physiological processes. This review summarizes the recent progress in GPCR structural dynamics, focusing on class A receptors and insights derived from nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other spectroscopic techniques. We describe the structural aspects of GPCR activation and the various pharmacological models that capture aspects of receptor signaling behaviour. Spectroscopic studies revealed that receptors and their signaling complexes are dynamic allosteric systems that sample multiple functional states under basal conditions. The distribution of states within the conformational ensemble and the kinetics of transitions between states are regulated through the binding of ligands, allosteric modulators, and the membrane environment. This ensemble view of GPCRs provides a mechanistic framework for understanding many of the pharmacological phenomena associated with receptor signaling, such as basal activity, efficacy, and functional bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuya Kate Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Scott Prosser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Bhagwat S, Sontakke S, Desai S, Panchal D, Jadhav S, Parte P. N-formyl-l-aspartate: A novel sperm chemoattractant identified in ovulatory phase oviductal fluid using a microfluidic chip. Andrology 2021; 9:1214-1226. [PMID: 33599114 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotaxis, as a mechanism for sperm guidance although known, has been difficult to demonstrate in vitro. Consequently, very few chemoattractants have been identified till date. OBJECTIVES To investigate sperm motility behavior in response to ovulatory (OV) and preovulatory (preOV) oviductal fluid (OF) and identify potential chemotactic metabolites. MATERIALS AND METHODS Intracellular calcium ([Ca2+ ]I ) influx in capacitating sperm was determined by spectrofluorimetry. The chemotactic response of rat caudal sperm to OF from the preOV- and OV- phases of normally cycling female rats was assessed in a microfluidic device developed by us. Hydrophilic metabolites extracted from the OF of both the phases were resolved and identified by LC-MS/MS, followed by data analysis using XCMS and MetaboAnalyst software, and chemotactic potential of the most promising compound was validated using the microfluidic device. RESULTS Spectrofluorimetric analysis depicts a significant increase in sperm [Ca2+ ]I in response to OV-OF. With the microfluidic chemotaxis assay, sperm population shows a significantly increased directionality and velocity to an ascending gradient of 0.06 µg/µl OV-OF compared to preOV-OF. LC-MS/MS of the OFs demonstrates five and four metabolites to be exclusive to the OV-OF and preOV-OF, respectively, and 25 metabolites common to both, of which 14 metabolites, including N-formyl-l-aspartate (NFA), are increased in OV-OF; NFA was tested for its ability to influence sperm movement, and shows chemotaxis potential. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION(S) This is the first study that has systematically demonstrated sperm chemotaxis with OV phase rat OF, identified NFA present in this fluid as a novel chemoattractant to sperm, and proven the utility of the device to test putative chemoattractants. It remains to be seen whether NFA is present in the follicular fluid (FF) of infertile women, and whether it may likely be a reason for the failure of natural conception in idiopathic infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Bhagwat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Shraddha Sontakke
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sneha Desai
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Durva Panchal
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Sameer Jadhav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Priyanka Parte
- Department of Gamete Immunobiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai, India
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17
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Onaran HO, Costa T. Conceptual and experimental issues in biased agonism. Cell Signal 2021; 82:109955. [PMID: 33607257 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the theoretical and experimental foundations for assessing agonism in the context of signalling bias in GPCRs. We show that the formulation of efficacy in classical receptor theory and the definition of ligand-induced allosteric effect in chemical thermodynamics are coincident measures of agonism, only if we recognize that the classical model cannot be considered as a mechanistic description of the physicochemical events underlying ligand-receptor signalling. It represents instead a mathematical tool, fortuitously capable of extracting efficacy information from concentration-dependent functional data, where both ligand-dependent and ligand-independent information are present. We also assert that dissecting efficacy from affinity, as originally advocated in classical theory, is imperative for understanding the molecular property underlying agonism, and the biased agonism that leads to preferential formation of diverse GPCR-transducer complexes. Finally, we argue that beyond the assumed translational value of functional selectivity (i.e. signalling bias), the identification of ligands with true bias of efficacy is of fundamental importance for unravelling the conformational space that determines the complex functional chemistry of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ongun Onaran
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Biology and Technology Development Unit, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Ippolito M, Benovic JL. Biased agonism at β-adrenergic receptors. Cell Signal 2020; 80:109905. [PMID: 33385503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) include three subtypes, β1, β2 and β3. These receptors are widely expressed and regulate numerous physiological processes including cardiovascular and metabolic functions and airway tone. The βARs are also important targets in the treatment of many diseases including hypertension, heart failure and asthma. In some cases, the use of current βAR ligands to treat a disease is suboptimal and can lead to severe side effects. One strategy to potentially improve such treatments is the development of biased agonists that selectively regulate a subset of βAR signaling pathways and responses. Here we discuss the compounds identified to date that preferentially activate a Gs- or β-arrestin-mediated signaling pathway through βARs. Mechanistic insight on how these compounds bias signaling sheds light on the potential development of even more selective compounds that should have increased utility in treating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ippolito
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L Benovic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America.
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19
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Fitting S, McRae M, Hauser KF. Opioid and neuroHIV Comorbidity - Current and Future Perspectives. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:584-627. [PMID: 32876803 PMCID: PMC7463108 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-020-09941-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the current national opioid crisis, it is critical to examine the mechanisms underlying pathophysiologic interactions between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioids in the central nervous system (CNS). Recent advances in experimental models, methodology, and our understanding of disease processes at the molecular and cellular levels reveal opioid-HIV interactions with increasing clarity. However, despite the substantial new insight, the unique impact of opioids on the severity, progression, and prognosis of neuroHIV and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not fully understood. In this review, we explore, in detail, what is currently known about mechanisms underlying opioid interactions with HIV, with emphasis on individual HIV-1-expressed gene products at the molecular, cellular and systems levels. Furthermore, we review preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on key considerations when addressing questions of whether opioid-HIV interactive pathogenesis results in unique structural or functional deficits not seen with either disease alone. These considerations include, understanding the combined consequences of HIV-1 genetic variants, host variants, and μ-opioid receptor (MOR) and HIV chemokine co-receptor interactions on the comorbidity. Lastly, we present topics that need to be considered in the future to better understand the unique contributions of opioids to the pathophysiology of neuroHIV. Graphical Abstract Blood-brain barrier and the neurovascular unit. With HIV and opiate co-exposure (represented below the dotted line), there is breakdown of tight junction proteins and increased leakage of paracellular compounds into the brain. Despite this, opiate exposure selectively increases the expression of some efflux transporters, thereby restricting brain penetration of specific drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Fitting
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - MaryPeace McRae
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1217 East Marshall Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0613, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298-0709, USA.
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, 203 East Cary Street, Richmond, VA, 23298-0059, USA.
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20
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Eiger DS, Boldizsar N, Honeycutt CC, Gardner J, Rajagopal S. Biased agonism at chemokine receptors. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109862. [PMID: 33249087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the human chemokine system, interactions between the approximately 50 known endogenous chemokine ligands and 20 known chemokine receptors (CKRs) regulate a wide range of cellular functions and biological processes including immune cell activation and homeostasis, development, angiogenesis, and neuromodulation. CKRs are a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), which represent the most common and versatile class of receptors in the human genome and the targets of approximately one third of all Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs. Chemokines and CKRs bind with significant promiscuity, as most CKRs can be activated by multiple chemokines and most chemokines can activate multiple CKRs. While these ligand-receptor interactions were previously regarded as redundant, it is now appreciated that many chemokine:CKR interactions display biased agonism, the phenomenon in which different ligands binding to the same receptor signal through different pathways with different efficacies, leading to distinct biological effects. Notably, these biased responses can be modulated through changes in ligand, receptor, and or the specific cellular context (system). In this review, we explore the biochemical mechanisms, functional consequences, and therapeutic potential of biased agonism in the chemokine system. An enhanced understanding of biased agonism in the chemokine system may prove transformative in the understanding of the mechanisms and consequences of biased signaling across all GPCR subtypes and aid in the development of biased pharmaceuticals with increased therapeutic efficacy and safer side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Boldizsar
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | | | - Julia Gardner
- Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Sudarshan Rajagopal
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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22
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Gupte TM, Ritt M, Sivaramakrishnan S. ER/K-link-Leveraging a native protein linker to probe dynamic cellular interactions. Methods Enzymol 2020; 647:173-208. [PMID: 33482988 PMCID: PMC8009693 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ER/K α-helices are a subset of single alpha helical domains, which exhibit unusual stability as isolated protein secondary structures. They adopt an elongated structural conformation, while regulating the frequency of interactions between proteins or polypeptides fused to their ends. Here we review recent advances on the structure, stability and function of ER/K α-helices as linkers (ER/K linkers) in native proteins. We describe methodological considerations in the molecular cloning, protein expression and measurement of interaction strengths, using sensors incorporating ER/K linkers. We highlight biological insights obtained over the last decade by leveraging distinct biophysical features of ER/K-linked sensors. We conclude with the outlook for the use of ER/K linkers in the selective modulation of dynamic cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Gupte
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael Ritt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sivaraj Sivaramakrishnan
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, College of Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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23
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Antidepressant-like activity and safety profile evaluation of 1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione derivatives as 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237196. [PMID: 32764777 PMCID: PMC7413516 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antidepressant therapy has several disadvantages related to the properties of antidepressants. Considering their unfavourable features, the process of searching for new antidepressant drugs with better safety and tolerability requires consistent efforts and many complementary studies. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor is considered as an interesting target of antidepressant therapy. In the present study, the intrinsic activity at different signaling pathways coupled to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor, antidepressant-like and pharmacokinetic properties, and the safety profile of two novel imidazopurine-2,4-dione derivatives, namely compounds AZ-853 (8-(4-(4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H- imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione) and AZ-861 (1,3-dimethyl-8-(4-(4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,8H)-dione), were studied in animal models through in vitro and in vivo experiments. We demonstrated that AZ-853 and AZ-861, which structurally differ by one substituent and its placement in the phenyl ring, showed varied functional, pharmacological, and pharmacokinetic properties as well as side effect profiles. AZ-861 exhibited stronger agonistic action in all functional assays. After acute and repeated administration in mice, both compounds showed antidepressant-like activity in the forced swim test, which was partially mediated by 5-HT1A receptor activation. AZ-853 showed a more potent antidepressant-like effect, presumably due to its better penetration into brain structures. Both compounds did not show anticholinergic properties, but after repeated administration, they induced weak sedation and lipid metabolism disturbances without affecting serum glucose level. The stronger α1-adrenolytic effect of AZ-853 is responsible for decreased systolic blood pressure, and in contrast to AZ-861, AZ-853 induced weight gain in mice. The interesting comparative pharmacological profiles of AZ-853 and AZ-861 encourage to conduct further experiments to fully understand their mechanisms and differences in action.
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24
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Maccari S, Pace V, Barbagallo F, Stati T, Ambrosio C, Grò MC, Molinari P, Vezzi V, Catalano L, Matarrese P, Patrizio M, Rizzi R, Marano G. Intermittent β-adrenergic blockade downregulates the gene expression of β-myosin heavy chain in the mouse heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173287. [PMID: 32585157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC), a major component of the cardiac contractile apparatus, is tightly regulated as even modest increases can be detrimental to heart under stress. In healthy hearts, continuous inhibition of β-adrenergic tone upregulates β-MHC expression. However, it is unknown whether the duration of the β-adrenergic inhibition and β-MHC expression are related. Here, we evaluated the effects of intermittent β-blockade on cardiac β-MHC expression. To this end, the β-blocker propranolol, at the dose of 15mg/kg, was administered once a day in mice for 14 days. This dosing schedule caused daily drug-free periods of at least 6 h as evidenced by propranolol plasma concentrations and cardiac β-adrenergic responsiveness. Under these conditions, β-MHC expression decreased by about 75% compared to controls. This effect was abolished in mice lacking β1- but not β2-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) indicating that β-MHC expression is regulated in a β1-AR-dependent manner. In β1-AR knockout mice, the baseline β-MHC expression was fourfold higher than in wild-type mice. Also, we evaluated the impact of intermittent β-blockade on β-MHC expression in mice with systolic dysfunction, in which an increased β-MHC expression occurs. At 3 weeks after myocardial infarction, mice showed systolic dysfunction and upregulation of β-MHC expression. Intermittent β-blockade decreased β-MHC expression while attenuating cardiac dysfunction. In vitro studies showed that propranolol does not affect β-MHC expression on its own but antagonizes catecholamine effects on β-MHC expression. In conclusion, a direct relationship occurs between the duration of the β-adrenergic inhibition and β-MHC expression through the β1-AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Maccari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Pace
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Council of Research, Monterotondo (RM), Italy
| | | | - Tonino Stati
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Ambrosio
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Grò
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Molinari
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Vezzi
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paola Matarrese
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Patrizio
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzi
- Fondazione Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Institute for Biomedical Technologies, National Council of Research, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Marano
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy.
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25
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Jaracz-Ros A, Bernadat G, Cutolo P, Gallego C, Gustavsson M, Cecon E, Baleux F, Kufareva I, Handel TM, Bachelerie F, Levoye A. Differential activity and selectivity of N-terminal modified CXCL12 chemokines at the CXCR4 and ACKR3 receptors. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:1123-1135. [PMID: 32374043 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma0320-383rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines play critical roles in numerous physiologic and pathologic processes through their action on seven-transmembrane (TM) receptors. The N-terminal domain of chemokines, which is a key determinant of signaling via its binding within a pocket formed by receptors' TM helices, can be the target of proteolytic processing. An illustrative case of this regulatory mechanism is the natural processing of CXCL12 that generates chemokine variants lacking the first two N-terminal residues. Whereas such truncated variants behave as antagonists of CXCR4, the canonical G protein-coupled receptor of CXCL12, they are agonists of the atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3/CXCR7), suggesting the implication of different structural determinants in the complexes formed between CXCL12 and its two receptors. Recent analyses have suggested that the CXCL12 N-terminus first engages the TM helices of ACKR3 followed by the receptor N-terminus wrapping around the chemokine core. Here we investigated the first stage of ACKR3-CXCL12 interactions by comparing the activity of substituted or N-terminally truncated variants of CXCL12 toward CXCR4 and ACKR3. We showed that modification of the first two N-terminal residues of the chemokine (K1R or P2G) does not alter the ability of CXCL12 to activate ACKR3. Our results also identified the K1R variant as a G protein-biased agonist of CXCR4. Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes formed by ACKR3 either with CXCL12 or with the P2G variant identified interactions between the N-terminal 2-4 residues of CXCL12 and a pocket formed by receptor's TM helices 2, 6, and 7 as critical determinants for ACKR3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jaracz-Ros
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart, France
| | | | - Pasquale Cutolo
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart, France
| | - Carmen Gallego
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart, France
| | - Martin Gustavsson
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Jolla, Louisiana, California, USA
| | - Erika Cecon
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Baleux
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie des Biomolécules, Paris, France
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Jolla, Louisiana, California, USA
| | - Tracy M Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Jolla, Louisiana, California, USA
| | - Françoise Bachelerie
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, Inflammation, Microbiome and Immunosurveillance, Clamart, France
| | - Angélique Levoye
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
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26
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Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disease of the airways that is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness and airflow limitation. Although asthma was once simply categorized as atopic or nonatopic, emerging analyses over the last few decades have revealed a variety of asthma endotypes that are attributed to numerous pathophysiological mechanisms. The classification of asthma by endotype is primarily routed in different profiles of airway inflammation that contribute to bronchoconstriction. Many asthma therapeutics target G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which either enhance bronchodilation or prevent bronchoconstriction. Short-acting and long-acting β 2-agonists are widely used bronchodilators that signal through the activation of the β 2-adrenergic receptor. Short-acting and long-acting antagonists of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are used to reduce bronchoconstriction by blocking the action of acetylcholine. Leukotriene antagonists that block the signaling of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 are used as an add-on therapy to reduce bronchoconstriction and inflammation induced by cysteinyl leukotrienes. A number of GPCR-targeting asthma drug candidates are also in different stages of development. Among them, antagonists of prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 have advanced into phase III clinical trials. Others, including antagonists of the adenosine A2B receptor and the histamine H4 receptor, are in early stages of clinical investigation. In the past decade, significant research advancements in pharmacology, cell biology, structural biology, and molecular physiology have greatly deepened our understanding of the therapeutic roles of GPCRs in asthma and drug action on these GPCRs. This review summarizes our current understanding of GPCR signaling and pharmacology in the context of asthma treatment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Although current treatment methods for asthma are effective for a majority of asthma patients, there are still a large number of patients with poorly controlled asthma who may experience asthma exacerbations. This review summarizes current asthma treatment methods and our understanding of signaling and pharmacology of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in asthma therapy, and discusses controversies regarding the use of GPCR drugs and new opportunities in developing GPCR-targeting therapeutics for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.G.W., C.Z.); Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Singapore (H.F.); and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, and Center for Computational Biology, DUKE-NUS Medical School, Singapore (H.F.)
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27
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Zhao P, Furness SGB. The nature of efficacy at G protein-coupled receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 170:113647. [PMID: 31585071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) participate in many pathophysiological processes as well as almost all aspects of normal physiology. They are present at the surface of all cell types making them amenable and attractive targets for pharmaceutical therapeutics. GPCRs possess complex pharmacology with the ability to be turned on to various extents, have their constitutive activity suppressed and even switch between signaling pathways to which they couple. Underlying this complex pharmacology is GPCR signaling efficacy, and differences in efficacy promoted by alternative ligands and in different tissues is of great interest to biology in general and also the pharmaceutical industry. In this review we hope to discuss what the molecular foundations of efficacy are and whether a new approach utilizing a rate-dependent model may provide new insights into this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peishen Zhao
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Sebastian G B Furness
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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28
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Oliver E, Mayor Jr F, D’Ocon P. Bloqueadores beta: perspectiva histórica y mecanismos de acción. Rev Esp Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Stephens OR, Weiss K, Frimel M, Rose JA, Sun Y, Asosingh K, Farha S, Highland KB, Prasad SVN, Erzurum SC. Interdependence of hypoxia and β-adrenergic receptor signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L369-L380. [PMID: 31242023 PMCID: PMC6766716 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00015.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) exists in an equilibrium of inactive and active conformational states, which shifts in response to different ligands and results in downstream signaling. In addition to cAMP, βAR signals to hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). We hypothesized that a βAR-active conformation (R**) that leads to HIF-1 is separable from the cAMP-activating conformation (R*) and that pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients with HIF-biased conformations would not respond to a cAMP agonist. We compared two cAMP agonists, isoproterenol and salbutamol, in vitro. Isoproterenol increased cAMP and HIF-1 activity, while salbutamol increased cAMP and reduced HIF-1. Hypoxia blunted agonist-stimulated cAMP, consistent with receptor equilibrium shifting toward HIF-activating conformations. Similarly, isoproterenol increased HIF-1 and erythropoiesis in mice, while salbutamol decreased erythropoiesis. βAR overexpression in cells increased glycolysis, which was blunted by HIF-1 inhibitors, suggesting increased βAR leads to increased hypoxia-metabolic effects. Because PAH is also characterized by HIF-related glycolytic shift, we dichotomized PAH patients in the Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Treatment with Carvedilol for Heart Failure trial (NCT01586156) based on right ventricular (RV) glucose uptake to evaluate βAR ligands. Patients with high glucose uptake had more severe disease than those with low uptake. cAMP increased in response to isoproterenol in mononuclear cells from low-uptake patients but not in high-uptake patients' cells. When patients were treated with carvedilol for 1 wk, the low-uptake group decreased RV systolic pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance, but high-uptake patients had no physiologic responses. The findings expand the paradigm of βAR activation and uncover a novel PAH subtype that might benefit from β-blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia R Stephens
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kelly Weiss
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew Frimel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jonathan A Rose
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kewal Asosingh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samar Farha
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Serpil C Erzurum
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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30
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Semenov AN, Shirshin EA, Muravyov AV, Priezzhev AV. The Effects of Different Signaling Pathways in Adenylyl Cyclase Stimulation on Red Blood Cells Deformability. Front Physiol 2019; 10:923. [PMID: 31474870 PMCID: PMC6702543 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling pathways of red blood cells’ (RBCs) micromechanics regulation, which are responsible for maintaining microcirculation, constitute an important property of RBC physiology. Selective control over these processes may serve as an indispensable tool for correction of hemorheological disorders, which accompany a number of systemic diseases (diabetes mellitus I&II, arterial hypertension, malaria, etc.). Activation of certain pathways involving adenylyl cyclase may provide fast adaptive regulation of RBC deformability (RBC-D). However the specific molecular conditions of intracellular signal transduction in mediating RBC microrheological properties at adenylyl cyclase stimulation remain unclear. In this paper, we present the results of the in vitro study of the effects of different signaling pathways in adenylyl cyclase stimulation on RBC-D. We studied (1) the direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin; (2) non-selective adrenoreceptor stimulation with epinephrine; (3) β2-adrenoreceptor agonist metaproterenol; (4) membrane-permeable analog of cAMP (dibutyryl-cAMP). Using laser ektacytometry, we observed a concentration-dependent increase in RBC-D for all studied effectors. The EC50 values for each substance were estimated to be in the range of 1–100 μM depending on the shear stress applied to the RBC suspension. The results can serve as an evidence of adenylyl cyclase signaling cascade involvement in the regulation of RBC micromechanical properties presenting a complex molecular pathway for fast increase of microcirculation efficiency in case of corresponding physiologic metabolic demands of the organism, e.g., during stress or physical activity. Further studies of this molecular system will reveal new knowledge which may improve the quality of medical treatment of hemorheological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeny A Shirshin
- Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei V Muravyov
- Department of Medicine and Biology, Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Alexander V Priezzhev
- Department of Physics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,International Laser Center, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Oliver E, Mayor F, D'Ocon P. Beta-blockers: Historical Perspective and Mechanisms of Action. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:853-862. [PMID: 31178382 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Beta-blockers are widely used molecules that are able to antagonize β-adrenergic receptors (ARs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family and receive their stimulus from endogenous catecholamines. Upon β-AR stimulation, numerous intracellular cascades are activated, ultimately leading to cardiac contraction or vascular dilation, depending on the relevant subtype and their location. Three subtypes have been described that are differentially expressed in the body (β1-, β2- and β3-ARs), β1 being the most abundant subtype in the heart. Since their discovery, β-ARs have become an important target to fight cardiovascular disease. In fact, since their discovery by James Black in the late 1950s, β-blockers have revolutionized the field of cardiovascular therapies. To date, 3 generations of drugs have been released: nonselective β-blockers, cardioselective β-blockers (selective β1-antagonists), and a third generation of these drugs able to block β1 together with extra vasodilation activity (also called vasodilating β-blockers) either by blocking α1- or by activating β3-AR. More than 50 years after propranolol was introduced to the market due to its ability to reduce heart rate and consequently myocardial oxygen demand in the event of an angina attack, β-blockers are still widely used in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Oliver
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Mayor
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Biología Molecular and Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM-CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar D'Ocon
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Estructura de Recerca Interdisciplinar en Biotecnologia i Biomedicina (ERI BIOTECMED), Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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32
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Kenakin T. Prescient Indices of Activity: The Application of Functional System Sensitivity to Measurement of Drug Effect. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:529-539. [PMID: 31109799 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Through pharmacological procedures, indices of drug activity can be obtained that transcend the systems in which they are measured. If (i) affinity, (ii) efficacies, (iii) orthosteric versus allosteric interaction, and (iv) rate of receptor offset can be determined, activity can be predicted in all systems. This can yield more detailed profiles (fingerprints) of efficacy to better define the required activities of follow-up molecules should the original candidates fail in the clinic. The use of functional assays of varying sensitivity is a major tool in the lead optimization process and the observation of candidate molecule profiles in multiple functional assays can reveal all properties of candidate molecules. In this review, the different indices for agonists, antagonists, and allosteric modulators are defined while highlighting the application of functional assays in deriving these indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 120 Mason Farm Road, Room 4042 Genetic Medicine Building, CB# 7365, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
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33
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Seyedabadi M, Ghahremani MH, Albert PR. Biased signaling of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): Molecular determinants of GPCR/transducer selectivity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:148-178. [PMID: 31075355 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) convey signals across membranes via interaction with G proteins. Originally, an individual GPCR was thought to signal through one G protein family, comprising cognate G proteins that mediate canonical receptor signaling. However, several deviations from canonical signaling pathways for GPCRs have been described. It is now clear that GPCRs can engage with multiple G proteins and the line between cognate and non-cognate signaling is increasingly blurred. Furthermore, GPCRs couple to non-G protein transducers, including β-arrestins or other scaffold proteins, to initiate additional signaling cascades. Receptor/transducer selectivity is dictated by agonist-induced receptor conformations as well as by collateral factors. In particular, ligands stabilize distinct receptor conformations to preferentially activate certain pathways, designated 'biased signaling'. In this regard, receptor sequence alignment and mutagenesis have helped to identify key receptor domains for receptor/transducer specificity. Furthermore, molecular structures of GPCRs bound to different ligands or transducers have provided detailed insights into mechanisms of coupling selectivity. However, receptor dimerization, compartmentalization, and trafficking, receptor-transducer-effector stoichiometry, and ligand residence and exposure times can each affect GPCR coupling. Extrinsic factors including cell type or assay conditions can also influence receptor signaling. Understanding these factors may lead to the development of improved biased ligands with the potential to enhance therapeutic benefit, while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, evidence for ligand-specific GPCR signaling toward different transducers or pathways is elaborated. Furthermore, molecular determinants of biased signaling toward these pathways and relevant examples of the potential clinical benefits and pitfalls of biased ligands are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Seyedabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Education Development Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Neuroscience, University of Ottawa, Canada.
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34
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Komiyama T, Nagata E, Hashida T, Sakama S, Ayabe K, Kamiguchi H, Sasaki A, Yoshioka K, Kobayashi H. Neurally mediated syncope diagnosis based on adenylate cyclase activity in Japanese patients. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214733. [PMID: 30998713 PMCID: PMC6472876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to clarify the mechanism in patients with neurally mediated syncope (NMS), focusing on the adenylate cyclase (AC) activity level in lymphocytes. This study included 40 subjects: 22 healthy volunteers and 18 NMS patients. We investigated the changes in AC activity that occur during of syncope at rest and during the head-up tilt (HUT) test. We obtained 8 mL of blood at rest time and four times during the HUT test. Then, we measured the AC activity and the test reagent was added to the lymphocytes (10,000) and reacted for 30 min at room temperature. We were able to determine the standard value of AC activity when adrenaline (AD) and isoproterenol (IP) were added to lymphocytes. The results of our study showed one of the causes of NMS has a difference in AC activity level and classification of the patients into two different types of NMS was possible: either the vasodepressor type (VT) or mixed type (MT). At rest time, VT patients showed significantly higher AC activity (AD; 100 μM: p = 0.005, IP; 50 μM: p = 0.02) and MT patients showed significantly lower AC activity (AD; 10 μM: p = 0.02, IP; 50 μM: p = 0.004) than the average AC activity in healthy volunteers. Moreover, VT patients had significantly higher AC activity than healthy volunteers at the four points of the HUT test. MT patients had significantly lower AC activity (AD: p = 0.04 and IP: p = 0.04) than healthy volunteers at the rest time of HUT. Our study showed a significant difference in AC activities between NMS patients and healthy volunteers at rest. Therefore, a detailed NMS diagnosis can be made by examining AC activity levels in blood taken at rest time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyoshi Komiyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Nagata
- Department of Neurology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hashida
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Susumu Sakama
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Ayabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamiguchi
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Sasaki
- Support Center for Medical Research and Education, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yoshioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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Stansley BJ, Conn PJ. Neuropharmacological Insight from Allosteric Modulation of mGlu Receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:240-252. [PMID: 30824180 PMCID: PMC6445545 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are a family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that regulate cell physiology throughout the nervous system. The potential of mGlu receptors as therapeutic targets has been bolstered by current research that has provided insight into the diverse modes of mGlu activation and signaling. In particular, the allosteric modulation of mGlu receptors represents a major area of focus in studies of basic pharmacology as well as drug development, largely due to the high subtype specificity achievable by targeting allosteric sites on mGlu receptors. These provide sophisticated regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission to influence behavioral output. Here, we review how these allosteric mechanisms have been leveraged preclinically to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of allosteric modulators for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism, cognitive impairment, Parkinson's disease (PD), stress, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden J Stansley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Their Implications on the Development of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030644. [PMID: 30884834 PMCID: PMC6471792 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals widely use non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) in attempts to lower their overall daily caloric intake, lose weight, and sustain a healthy diet. There are insufficient scientific data that support the safety of consuming NNS. However, recent studies have suggested that NNS consumption can induce gut microbiota dysbiosis and promote glucose intolerance in healthy individuals that may result in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This sequence of events may result in changes in the gut microbiota composition through microRNA (miRNA)-mediated changes. The mechanism(s) by which miRNAs alter gene expression of different bacterial species provides a link between the consumption of NNS and the development of metabolic changes. Another potential mechanism that connects NNS to metabolic changes is the molecular crosstalk between the insulin receptor (IR) and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we aim to highlight the role of NNS in obesity and discuss IR-GPCR crosstalk and miRNA-mediated changes, in the manipulation of the gut microbiota composition and T2DM pathogenesis.
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38
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Franco R, Aguinaga D, Jiménez J, Lillo J, Martínez-Pinilla E, Navarro G. Biased receptor functionality versus biased agonism in G-protein-coupled receptors. Biomol Concepts 2018; 9:143-154. [PMID: 30864350 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional selectivity is a property of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) by which activation by different agonists leads to different signal transduction mechanisms. This phenomenon is also known as biased agonism and has attracted the interest of drug discovery programs in both academy and industry. This relatively recent concept has raised concerns as to the validity and real translational value of the results showing bias; firstly biased agonism may vary significantly depending on the cell type and the experimental constraints, secondly the conformational landscape that leads to biased agonism has not been defined. Remarkably, GPCRs may lead to differential signaling even when a single agonist is used. Here we present a concept that constitutes a biochemical property of GPCRs that may be underscored just using one agonist, preferably the endogenous agonist. "Biased receptor functionality" is proposed to describe this effect with examples based on receptor heteromerization and alternative splicing. Examples of regulation of final agonist-induced outputs based on interaction with β-arrestins or calcium sensors are also provided. Each of the functional GPCR units (which are finite in number) has a specific conformation. Binding of agonist to a specific conformation, i.e. GPCR activation, is sensitive to the kinetics of the agonist-receptor interactions. All these players are involved in the contrasting outputs obtained when different agonists are assayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Franco
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Aguinaga
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jasmina Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaume Lillo
- Molecular Neurobiology laboratory.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Biology School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Pinilla
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), Asturias, Spain.,Instituto de Salud del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Asturias, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Pharmacy and Food Science School, University of Barcelona, Barcelona Spain
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van Gastel J, Hendrickx JO, Leysen H, Santos-Otte P, Luttrell LM, Martin B, Maudsley S. β-Arrestin Based Receptor Signaling Paradigms: Potential Therapeutic Targets for Complex Age-Related Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1369. [PMID: 30546309 PMCID: PMC6280185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) were first characterized as signal transducers that elicit downstream effects through modulation of guanine (G) nucleotide-binding proteins. The pharmacotherapeutic exploitation of this signaling paradigm has created a drug-based field covering nearly 50% of the current pharmacopeia. Since the groundbreaking discoveries of the late 1990s to the present day, it is now clear however that GPCRs can also generate productive signaling cascades through the modulation of β-arrestin functionality. β-Arrestins were first thought to only regulate receptor desensitization and internalization - exemplified by the action of visual arrestin with respect to rhodopsin desensitization. Nearly 20 years ago, it was found that rather than controlling GPCR signal termination, productive β-arrestin dependent GPCR signaling paradigms were highly dependent on multi-protein complex formation and generated long-lasting cellular effects, in contrast to G protein signaling which is transient and functions through soluble second messenger systems. β-Arrestin signaling was then first shown to activate mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in a G protein-independent manner and eventually initiate protein transcription - thus controlling expression patterns of downstream proteins. While the possibility of developing β-arrestin biased or functionally selective ligands is now being investigated, no additional research has been performed on its possible contextual specificity in treating age-related disorders. The ability of β-arrestin-dependent signaling to control complex and multidimensional protein expression patterns makes this therapeutic strategy feasible, as treating complex age-related disorders will likely require therapeutics that can exert network-level efficacy profiles. It is our understanding that therapeutically targeting G protein-independent effectors such as β-arrestin will aid in the development of precision medicines with tailored efficacy profiles for disease/age-specific contextualities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaana van Gastel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jhana O Hendrickx
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hanne Leysen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paula Santos-Otte
- Institute of Biophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Genetics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Translational Neurobiology Group, Centre for Molecular Neuroscience, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
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40
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Abstract
β-arrestin1 (or arrestin2) and β-arrestin2 (or arrestin3) are ubiquitously expressed cytosolic adaptor proteins that were originally discovered for their inhibitory role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling through heterotrimeric G proteins. However, further biochemical characterization revealed that β-arrestins do not just "block" the activated GPCRs, but trigger endocytosis and kinase activation leading to specific signaling pathways that can be localized on endosomes. The signaling pathways initiated by β-arrestins were also found to be independent of G protein activation by GPCRs. The discovery of ligands that blocked G protein activation but promoted β-arrestin binding, or vice-versa, suggested the exciting possibility of selectively activating intracellular signaling pathways. In addition, it is becoming increasingly evident that β-arrestin-dependent signaling is extremely diverse and provokes distinct cellular responses through different GPCRs even when the same effector kinase is involved. In this review, we summarize various signaling pathways mediated by β-arrestins and highlight the physiologic effects of β-arrestin-dependent signaling.
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41
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Peach CJ, Mignone VW, Arruda MA, Alcobia DC, Hill SJ, Kilpatrick LE, Woolard J. Molecular Pharmacology of VEGF-A Isoforms: Binding and Signalling at VEGFR2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1264. [PMID: 29690653 PMCID: PMC5979509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a key mediator of angiogenesis, signalling via the class IV tyrosine kinase receptor family of VEGF Receptors (VEGFRs). Although VEGF-A ligands bind to both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, they primarily signal via VEGFR2 leading to endothelial cell proliferation, survival, migration and vascular permeability. Distinct VEGF-A isoforms result from alternative splicing of the Vegfa gene at exon 8, resulting in VEGFxxxa or VEGFxxxb isoforms. Alternative splicing events at exons 5⁻7, in addition to recently identified posttranslational read-through events, produce VEGF-A isoforms that differ in their bioavailability and interaction with the co-receptor Neuropilin-1. This review explores the molecular pharmacology of VEGF-A isoforms at VEGFR2 in respect to ligand binding and downstream signalling. To understand how VEGF-A isoforms have distinct signalling despite similar affinities for VEGFR2, this review re-evaluates the typical classification of these isoforms relative to the prototypical, “pro-angiogenic” VEGF165a. We also examine the molecular mechanisms underpinning the regulation of VEGF-A isoform signalling and the importance of interactions with other membrane and extracellular matrix proteins. As approved therapeutics targeting the VEGF-A/VEGFR signalling axis largely lack long-term efficacy, understanding these isoform-specific mechanisms could aid future drug discovery efforts targeting VEGF receptor pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Viviane W Mignone
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
- CAPES-University of Nottingham Programme in Drug Discovery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Maria Augusta Arruda
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
- CAPES-University of Nottingham Programme in Drug Discovery, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Diana C Alcobia
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Stephen J Hill
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Laura E Kilpatrick
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Jeanette Woolard
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Midlands NG7 2UH, UK.
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Biased G protein-coupled receptor agonism mediates Neu1 sialidase and matrix metalloproteinase-9 crosstalk to induce transactivation of insulin receptor signaling. Cell Signal 2018; 43:71-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Kenakin T. Is the Quest for Signaling Bias Worth the Effort? Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:266-269. [PMID: 29348268 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The question of whether signaling bias is a viable discovery strategy for drug therapy is discussed as a value proposition. On the positive side, bias is easily identified and quantified in simple in vitro functional assays with little resource expenditure. However, there are valid pharmacological reasons why these in vitro bias numbers may not accurately translate to in vivo therapeutic systems making the expectation of direct correspondence of in vitro bias to in vivo systems a problematic process. Presently, in vitro bias is used simply as a means to identify unique molecules to be advanced to more complex therapeutic assays but from this standpoint alone, the value proposition lies far to the positive. However, pharmacological attention needs to be given to the translational gap to reduce inevitable and costly attrition in biased molecule progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Kenakin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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44
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Gao ZG, Jacobson KA. Distinct Signaling Patterns of Allosteric Antagonism at the P2Y 1 Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:613-626. [PMID: 28864555 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, G protein-coupled receptor antagonists are classified as competitive or noncompetitive and surmountable or insurmountable based on functional antagonism. P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R) structures showed two antagonists binding to two spatially distinct sites: nucleotide MRS2500 (orthosteric, contacting the helical bundle) and urea BPTU (allosteric, on the external receptor surface). However, the nature of their P2Y1R antagonism has not been characterized. Here we characterized BPTU antagonism at various signaling pathways activated by structurally diverse agonists. BPTU rightward shifted the concentration-response curves of both 2-methylthioadenosine 5'-diphosphate trisodium salt and MRS2365 (5'-diphosphates) in some signaling events, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and label free, in a parallel manner without affecting the maximum agonist effect (Emax) but antagonized insurmountably (suppressed agonist Emax) in signaling events such as guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate binding and β-arrestin2 recruitment. However, with dinucleotide Ap4A as an agonist, BPTU suppressed the Emax insurmountably in all signaling pathways. By comparison, MRS2500 behaved as surmountable antagonist rightward-shifting concentration-response curves of all three agonists in a parallel manner for all signaling pathways measured. Thus, we demonstrated a previously undocumented phenomenon that P2Y1R antagonism patterns could vary in different signaling pathways, which could be related to conformational selection, signaling amplification, and probe dependence. This phenomenon may apply generally to other receptors considering that antagonism by a specific ligand is often not compared at multiple signaling pathways. Thus, antagonism can be surmountable or insurmountable depending on the signaling pathways measured and the agonists used, which should be of broad relevance to drug discovery and disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Guo Gao
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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45
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Joshi R, Valdez D, Kim H, Eikenburg DC, Knoll BJ, Bond RA. Effects of β-blockers on house dust mite-driven murine models pre- and post-development of an asthma phenotype. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 46:30-40. [PMID: 28729042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies suggested certain β-adrenoceptor blockers (β-blockers) attenuate the asthma phenotype in ovalbumin driven murine models of asthma. However, the ovalbumin model has been criticized for lack of clinical relevance. METHODS We tested the non-selective β-blockers, carvedilol and nadolol, in house dust mite (HDM) driven murine asthma models where drugs were administered both pre- and post-development of the asthma phenotype. We measured inflammation, mucous metaplasia, and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). We also measured the effects of the β-blockers on extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK 1/2) phosphorylation in lung homogenates. RESULTS We show that nadolol, but not carvedilol, attenuated inflammation and mucous metaplasia, and had a moderate effect attenuating AHR. Following HDM exposure, ERK1/2 phosphorylation was elevated, but the level of phosphorylation was unaffected by β-blockers, suggesting ERK1/2 phosphorylation becomes dissociated from the asthma phenotype. CONCLUSION Our findings in HDM models administering drugs both pre- and post-development of the asthma phenotype are consistent with previous results using ovalbumin models and show differential effects for nadolol and carvedilol on the asthma phenotype. Lastly, our data suggest that ERK1/2 phosphorylation may be involved in development of the asthma phenotype, but may have a limited role in maintaining the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Joshi
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Daniel Valdez
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Hosu Kim
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Douglas C Eikenburg
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Brian J Knoll
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
| | - Richard A Bond
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 3455 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204-5027, USA.
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46
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Stallaert W, van der Westhuizen ET, Schönegge AM, Plouffe B, Hogue M, Lukashova V, Inoue A, Ishida S, Aoki J, Le Gouill C, Bouvier M. Purinergic Receptor Transactivation by the β2-Adrenergic Receptor Increases Intracellular Ca 2+ in Nonexcitable Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 91:533-544. [PMID: 28280061 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The β2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) increases intracellular Ca2+ in a variety of cell types. By combining pharmacological and genetic manipulations, we reveal a novel mechanism through which the β2AR promotes Ca2+ mobilization (pEC50 = 7.32 ± 0.10) in nonexcitable human embryonic kidney (HEK)293S cells. Downregulation of Gs with sustained cholera toxin pretreatment and the use of Gs-null HEK293 (∆Gs-HEK293) cells generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-associated protein-9 nuclease (CRISPR/Cas9) system, combined with pharmacological modulation of cAMP formation, revealed a Gs-dependent but cAMP-independent increase in intracellular Ca2+ following β2AR stimulation. The increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+ was inhibited by P2Y purinergic receptor antagonists as well as a dominant-negative mutant form of Gq, a Gq-selective inhibitor, and an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonist, suggesting a role for this Gq-coupled receptor family downstream of the β2AR activation. Consistent with this mechanism, β2AR stimulation promoted the extracellular release of ATP, and pretreatment with apyrase inhibited the β2AR-promoted Ca2+ mobilization. Together, these data support a model whereby the β2AR stimulates a Gs-dependent release of ATP, which transactivates Gq-coupled P2Y receptors through an inside-out mechanism, leading to a Gq- and IP3-dependent Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores. Given that β2AR and P2Y receptors are coexpressed in various tissues, this novel signaling paradigm could be physiologically important and have therapeutic implications. In addition, this study reports the generation and validation of HEK293 cells deleted of Gs using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology that will undoubtedly be powerful tools to study Gs-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Stallaert
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Emma T van der Westhuizen
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Anne-Marie Schönegge
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Bianca Plouffe
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Mireille Hogue
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Viktoria Lukashova
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Satoru Ishida
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Christian Le Gouill
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Department of Biochemistry (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.B.) and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (W.S., E.T.v.d.W., A.-M.S., B.P., M.H., V.L., C.L.G., M.B.), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan (A.I., S.I., J.A.); Japan Science and Technology Agency, Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan (A.I.); and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan (J.A.)
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Schrage R, Kostenis E. Functional selectivity and dualsteric/bitopic GPCR targeting. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 32:85-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bourque K, Pétrin D, Sleno R, Devost D, Zhang A, Hébert TE. Distinct Conformational Dynamics of Three G Protein-Coupled Receptors Measured Using FlAsH-BRET Biosensors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:61. [PMID: 28439254 PMCID: PMC5383666 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have profiled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) conformation using fluorescent biaresenical hairpin binders (FlAsH) as acceptors for BRET or FRET. These conformation-sensitive biosensors allow reporting of movements occurring on the intracellular surface of a receptor to investigate mechanisms of receptor activation and function. Here, we generated eight FlAsH-BRET-based biosensors within the sequence of the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) and compared agonist-induced responses to the angiotensin II receptor type I (AT1R) and the prostaglandin F2α receptor (FP). Although all three receptors had FlAsH-binding sequences engineered into the third intracellular loops and carboxyl-terminal domain, both the magnitude and kinetics of the BRET responses to ligand were receptor-specific. Biosensors in ICL3 of both the AT1R and FP responded robustly when stimulated with their respective full agonists as opposed to the β2AR where responses in the third intracellular loop were weak and transient when engaged by isoproterenol. C-tail sensors responses were more robust in the β2AR and AT1R but not in FP. Even though GPCRs share the heptahelical topology and are expressed in the same cellular background, different receptors have unique conformational fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Rory Sleno
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominic Devost
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alice Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Terence E. Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Terence E. Hébert,
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Multidisciplinary Consideration of Potential Pathophysiologic Mechanisms of Paradoxical Erythema with Topical Brimonidine Therapy. Adv Ther 2016; 33:1885-1895. [PMID: 27562835 PMCID: PMC5083782 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-016-0404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease with transient and non-transient redness as key characteristics. Brimonidine is a selective α2-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist approved for persistent facial erythema of rosacea based on significant efficacy and good safety data. The majority of patients treated with brimonidine report a benefit; however, there have been sporadic reports of worsening erythema after the initial response. A group of dermatologists, receptor physiology, and neuroimmunology scientists met to explore potential mechanisms contributing to side effects as well as differences in efficacy. We propose the following could contribute to erythema after application: (1) local inflammation and perivascular inflammatory cells with abnormally functioning ARs may lead to vasodilatation; (2) abnormal saturation and cells expressing different AR subtypes with varying ligand affinity; (3) barrier dysfunction and increased skin concentrations of brimonidine with increased actions at endothelial and presynaptic receptors, resulting in increased vasodilation; and (4) genetic predisposition and receptor polymorphism(s) leading to different smooth muscle responses. Approximately 80% of patients treated with brimonidine experience a significant improvement without erythema worsening as an adverse event. Attention to optimizing skin barrier function, setting patient expectations, and strategies to minimize potential problems may possibly reduce further the number of patients who experience side effects. FUNDING Galderma International S.A.S., Paris, France.
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Coelho M, Soares-Silva C, Brandão D, Marino F, Cosentino M, Ribeiro L. β-Adrenergic modulation of cancer cell proliferation: available evidence and clinical perspectives. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 143:275-291. [PMID: 27709364 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this review, we aimed to present and discuss the available preclinical and epidemiological evidences regarding the modulation of cancer cell proliferation by β-adrenoceptors (β-AR), with a specific focus on the putative effects of β-blockers according to their pharmacological properties. METHODS A comprehensive review of the published literature was conducted, and the evidences concerning the involvement of β-AR in cancer as well as the possible role of β-blockers were selected and discussed. RESULTS The majority of reviewed studies show that: (1) All the cancer types express both β1- and β2-AR, with the exception of neuroblastoma only seeming to express β2-AR; (2) adrenergic agonists are able to increase proliferation of several types of cancers; (3) the proliferative effect seems to be mediated by both β1- and β2-AR; (4) binding to β-AR results in a cAMP transient flux which activates two major downstream effector systems: protein kinase A and EPAC and (5) β-blockers might be putative adjuvants for cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the reviewed studies show strong evidences that β-AR activation, through several intracellular mechanisms, modulate tumor cell proliferation suggesting β-blockers can be a feasible therapeutic approach to antagonize β-adrenergic response or have a protective effect per se. This review highlight the need for intensifying the research not only on the molecular mechanisms underlying the β-adrenergic influence in cancer, but also on the implications of biased agonism of β-blockers as potential antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Coelho
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Cátia Soares-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Brandão
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Medical Education and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Franca Marino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marco Cosentino
- Center for Research in Medical Pharmacology, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Laura Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Department of Medical Education and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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