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Peng H, Shahidi F. Metabolic, toxicological, chemical, and commercial perspectives on esterification of dietary polyphenols: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024; 64:7465-7504. [PMID: 36908213 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2185589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular modifications have been practiced for more than a century and nowadays they are widely applied in food, pharmaceutical, or other industries to manipulate the physicochemical, bioactivity, metabolic/catabolic, and pharmacokinetic properties. Among various structural modifications, the esterification/O-acylation has been well-established in altering lipophilicity and bioactivity of parent bioactive compounds, especially natural polyphenolics, while maintaining their high biocompatibility. Meanwhile, various classic chemical and enzymatic protocols and other recently emerged cell factory technology are being employed as viable esterification strategies. In this contribution, the main motivations of phenolic esterification, including the tendency to replace synthetic alkyl phenolics with safer alternatives in the food industry to improve the bioavailability of phenolics as dietary supplements/pharmaceuticals, are discussed. In addition, the toxicity, metabolism, and commercial application of synthetic and natural phenolics are briefly introduced. Under these contexts, the mechanisms and reaction features of several most prevalent chemical and enzymatic esterification pathways are demonstrated. In addition, insights into the studies of esterification modification of natural phenolic compounds and specific pros/cons of various reaction systems with regard to their practical application are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
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2
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Scott W, Wong IGY, Cramer J, Horton D, Basel D, Teng RJ, Muriello M, Elkadri A. Clinical course and therapeutic trial for a case of congenital secretory diarrhea due to novel GUCY2C variant. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63489. [PMID: 38058249 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diarrhea presents a significant challenge for managing nutritional and electrolyte deficiencies, especially in children, given the higher stakes of impacting growth and developmental consequence. Congenital secretory diarrhea (CSD) compounds this further, particularly in the case of the activating variants of the guanylate-cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) gene. GUCY2C encodes for the guanylate-cyclase 2C (GC-C) receptor that activates the downstream cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) that primarily drives the severity of diarrhea with an unclear extent of influence on other intestinal channels. Thus far, management for CSD primarily consists of mitigating nutritional, electrolyte, and volume deficiencies with no known pathophysiology-driven treatments. For activating variants of GUCY2C, experimental compounds have shown efficacy in vitro for direct inhibition of GC-C but are not currently available for clinical use. However, Crofelemer, a CFTR inhibitory modulator with negligible systemic absorption, can theoretically help to treat this type of CSD. Herein, we describe and characterize the clinical course of a premature male infant with a de novo missense variant of GUCY2C not previously reported and highly consistent with CSD. With multi-disciplinary family-directed decision-making, a treatment for CSD was evaluated for the first time to our knowledge with Crofelemer.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Scott
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ian Guo Yi Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jesse Cramer
- School of Pharmacy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Darlene Horton
- Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Donald Basel
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ru-Jeng Teng
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael Muriello
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Abdul Elkadri
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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3
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Liu J, Yan S, Du J, Teng L, Yang R, Xu P, Tao W. Mechanism and treatment of diarrhea associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27531. [PMID: 38501021 PMCID: PMC10945189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become first-line drugs for cancer treatment. However, their clinical use is seriously hindered since many patients experience diarrhea after receiving TKIs. The mechanisms of TKI-associated diarrhea remain unclear. Most existing therapies are symptomatic treatments based on experience and their effects are unsatisfactory. Therefore, clarification of the mechanisms underlying diarrhea is critical to develop effective anti-diarrhea drugs. This article summarizes several potential mechanisms of TKI-associated diarrhea and reviews current treatment progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Acoustic, Optical and Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Shuai Yan
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Acoustic, Optical and Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Juntong Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Acoustic, Optical and Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Lizhi Teng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Acoustic, Optical and Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Acoustic, Optical and Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Acoustic, Optical and Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
| | - Weiyang Tao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Acoustic, Optical and Electromagnetic Diagnosis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
- The Cell Transplantation Key Laboratory of National Health Commission, Heilongjiang, 150001, PR China
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4
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Guy M, Teixeira A, Shrier A, Meschter C, Bolognese J, Chaturvedi P. Effects of orally administered crofelemer on the incidence and severity of neratinib-induced diarrhea in female dogs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0282769. [PMID: 38265977 PMCID: PMC10807780 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapies have increased cancer therapy-related diarrhea (CTD) burden, with high incidence and/or severity of diarrhea for some agents that inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor and receptor tyrosine kinases. Neratinib is a pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for breast cancer treatment and causes severe diarrhea in >95% of patients. Crofelemer, a novel intestinal chloride ion channel modulator, is an approved antidiarrheal drug for symptomatic relief of noninfectious diarrhea in patients with HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of crofelemer prophylaxis in reducing the incidence /severity of neratinib-induced diarrhea without concomitant administration of loperamide in female beagle dogs. A pilot study using 3 dogs determined a maximum daily tolerated dose of neratinib was between 40 and 80 mg; this dose would induce a consistent incidence/severity of diarrhea without risking severe dehydration. In the definitive study, 24 female beagle dogs (8/group) received neratinib once daily and placebo capsules (CTR) four times/day, or neratinib once daily and crofelemer 125 mg delayed-release tablets given two times (BID), or neratinib once daily and crofelemer 125 mg delayed-release tablets given four times per day (QID). Fecal scores were collected twice daily using an established canine stool scoring scale called the Purina Fecal Scoring (PFS) System. After 28 days, using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), dogs in the CTR group had a significantly higher average number of weekly loose/watery stools (PFS of 6 or 7) when compared to either crofelemer BID (8.71±2.2 vs. 5.96±2.2, p = 0.028) or crofelemer QID (8.70±2.2 vs. 5.74±2.2, p = 0.022) treatment groups. The average number of weekly loose/watery stools were not different between the crofelemer BID and QID treatment groups (p = 0.84). This study showed that crofelemer prophylaxis reduced the incidence/severity of neratinib-associated diarrhea in female beagle dogs without the need for any loperamide administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Guy
- Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Andre Teixeira
- Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Allison Shrier
- Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Carol Meschter
- Comparative Biosciences, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Pravin Chaturvedi
- Napo Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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Esposito A, Bossi P. How can we prevent diarrhea induced by systemic treatments in oncological patients? An evaluation of phase II trials. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2023; 28:213-216. [PMID: 37750491 DOI: 10.1080/14728214.2023.2264182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Esposito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialities, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, ASST-Spedali Civili Brescia, University of Brescia, Oncology Unit, Piazzale Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Bossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Kalashyan M, Raghunathan K, Oller H, Bayer MT, Jimenez L, Roland JT, Kolobova E, Hagen SJ, Goldsmith JD, Shub MD, Goldenring JR, Kaji I, Thiagarajah JR. Patient-derived enteroids provide a platform for the development of therapeutic approaches in microvillus inclusion disease. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e169234. [PMID: 37643022 PMCID: PMC10575727 DOI: 10.1172/jci169234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the motor protein myosin Vb (MYO5B), is a severe infantile disease characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption, and acid/base instability, requiring intensive parenteral support for nutritional and fluid management. Human patient-derived enteroids represent a model for investigation of monogenic epithelial disorders but are a rare resource from MVID patients. We developed human enteroids with different loss-of function MYO5B variants and showed that they recapitulated the structural changes found in native MVID enterocytes. Multiplex immunofluorescence imaging of patient duodenal tissues revealed patient-specific changes in localization of brush border transporters. Functional analysis of electrolyte transport revealed profound loss of Na+/H+ exchange (NHE) activity in MVID patient enteroids with near-normal chloride secretion. The chloride channel-blocking antidiarrheal drug crofelemer dose-dependently inhibited agonist-mediated fluid secretion. MVID enteroids exhibited altered differentiation and maturation versus healthy enteroids. γ-Secretase inhibition with DAPT recovered apical brush border structure and functional Na+/H+ exchange activity in MVID enteroids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed potential pathways involved in the rescue of MVID cells including serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 2 (SGK2) and NHE regulatory factor 3 (NHERF3). These results demonstrate the utility of patient-derived enteroids for developing therapeutic approaches to MVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Kalashyan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghunathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley Oller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie-Theres Bayer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lissette Jimenez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Congenital Enteropathy Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- PediCODE Consortium, as detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments
| | - Joseph T. Roland
- Section of Surgical Sciences and
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elena Kolobova
- Section of Surgical Sciences and
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Susan J. Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Goldsmith
- PediCODE Consortium, as detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mitchell D. Shub
- Department of Child Health, University of Arizona College of Medicine–Phoenix, and Division of Gastroenterology, Phoenix Children’s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - James R. Goldenring
- PediCODE Consortium, as detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments
- Section of Surgical Sciences and
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Izumi Kaji
- PediCODE Consortium, as detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments
- Section of Surgical Sciences and
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jay R. Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Congenital Enteropathy Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- PediCODE Consortium, as detailed in Supplemental Acknowledgments
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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7
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Li S, Wang Z, Geng R, Zhang W, Wan H, Kang X, Guo S. TMEM16A ion channel: A novel target for cancer treatment. Life Sci 2023; 331:122034. [PMID: 37611692 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Cancer draws attention owing to the high morbidity and mortality. It is urgent to develop safe and effective cancer therapeutics. The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A is widely distributed in various tissues and regulates physiological functions. TMEM16A is abnormally expressed in several cancers and associate with tumorigenesis, metastasis, and prognosis. Knockdown or inhibition of TMEM16A in cancer cells significantly inhibits cancer development. Therefore, TMEM16A is considered as a biomarker and therapeutic target for some cancers. This work reviews the cancers associated with TMEM16A. Then, the molecular mechanism of TMEM16A overexpression in cancer was analyzed, and the possible signal transduction mechanism of TMEM16A regulating cancer development was summarized. Finally, TMEM16A inhibitors with anticancer effect and their anticancer mechanism were concluded. We hope to provide new ideas for pharmacological studies on TMEM16A in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Li
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Zhichen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Ruili Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Haifu Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xianjiang Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Shuai Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China; Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China.
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Jacob S, Johnson M, Roque B, Quintal L, Rugo HS, Melisko M, Chien AJ. Crofelemer for the Management of Neratinib-Associated Diarrhea in Patients With HER2+ Early-Stage Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:721-728. [PMID: 37474374 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of crofelemer, a first in class anti-secretory anti-diarrheal agent, to manage neratinib-induced diarrhea in patients with early-stage breast cancer taking adjuvant neratinib. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single center, open label trial enrolled patients with Stage 2 to 3 HER2+ breast cancer taking adjuvant neratinib. One cohort took prophylactic crofelemer 125 mg bid and loperamide in the first 2 cycles, and as needed in subsequent cycles. The second cohort took dose-escalated neratinib with loperamide as needed (DE cohort). The primary endpoint was incidence of grade ≥ 3 diarrhea in the first 2 cycles. RESULTS Seven patients in the crofelemer cohort and 4 in the DE cohort were enrolled. In the first 2 cycles, 2 patients (29%) in the crofelemer cohort and 2 patients (50%) in the DE cohort experienced grade 3 diarrhea lasting 1 day on average. After cycle 2, no additional patients in either cohort had grade 3 diarrhea. Five of 7 patients controlled diarrhea with crofelemer alone. There were no grade 4 diarrhea events in either cohort. Three patients in the crofelemer cohort dose-reduced neratinib due to diarrhea in the first 2 cycles. Patients in the crofelemer cohort had an average of 0.58 diarrhea episodes/day. 82% experienced constipation, all grade 1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to investigate crofelemer for neratinib-induced diarrhea and demonstrates crofelemer activity in this setting. Further investigation of crofelemer for diarrhea secondary to cancer treatment is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Jacob
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - MacKenzie Johnson
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Brianna Roque
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Laura Quintal
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hope S Rugo
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michelle Melisko
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Amy Jo Chien
- Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.
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Pinard A, Ye W, Fraser SM, Rosenfeld JA, Pichurin P, Hickey SE, Guo D, Cecchi AC, Boerio ML, Guey S, Aloui C, Lee K, Kraemer M, Alyemni SO, Bamshad MJ, Nickerson DA, Tournier-Lasserve E, Haider S, Jin SC, Smith ER, Kahle KT, Jan LY, He M, Milewicz DM. Rare variants in ANO1, encoding a calcium-activated chloride channel, predispose to moyamoya disease. Brain 2023; 146:3616-3623. [PMID: 37253099 PMCID: PMC10473557 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease, a cerebrovascular disease leading to strokes in children and young adults, is characterized by progressive occlusion of the distal internal carotid arteries and the formation of collateral vessels. Altered genes play a prominent role in the aetiology of moyamoya disease, but a causative gene is not identified in the majority of cases. Exome sequencing data from 151 individuals from 84 unsolved families were analysed to identify further genes for moyamoya disease, then candidate genes assessed in additional cases (150 probands). Two families had the same rare variant in ANO1, which encodes a calcium-activated chloride channel, anoctamin-1. Haplotype analyses found the families were related, and ANO1 p.Met658Val segregated with moyamoya disease in the family with an LOD score of 3.3. Six additional ANO1 rare variants were identified in moyamoya disease families. The ANO1 rare variants were assessed using patch-clamp recordings, and the majority of variants, including ANO1 p.Met658Val, displayed increased sensitivity to intracellular Ca2+. Patients harbouring these gain-of-function ANO1 variants had classic features of moyamoya disease, but also had aneurysm, stenosis and/or occlusion in the posterior circulation. Our studies support that ANO1 gain-of-function pathogenic variants predispose to moyamoya disease and are associated with unique involvement of the posterior circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Pinard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenlei Ye
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Stuart M Fraser
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavel Pichurin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Scott E Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Dongchuan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alana C Cecchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maura L Boerio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stéphanie Guey
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1141, AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière Saint Louis, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Chaker Aloui
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1141, AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière Saint Louis, 75019 Paris, France
| | - Kwanghyuk Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Markus Kraemer
- Department of Neurology, Alfried Krupp-Hospital, 45131 Essen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Michael J Bamshad
- Division of Genetics Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve
- Université de Paris, Inserm U1141, AP-HP Groupe hospitalier Lariboisière Saint Louis, 75019 Paris, France
- AP-HP, Service de génétique moléculaire neurovasculaire, Centre de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares du Cerveau et de l’oeil, Groupe Hospitalier Saint-Louis Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Shozeb Haider
- UCL School of Pharmacy, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- UCL Centre for Advanced Research Computing, University College London, London WC1H 9RN, UK
| | - Sheng Chih Jin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lily Yeh Jan
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mu He
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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10
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Zhong J, Xuan W, Lu S, Cui S, Zhou Y, Tang M, Qu X, Lu W, Huo H, Zhang C, Zhang N, Niu B. Discovery of ANO1 Inhibitors based on Machine learning and molecule docking simulation approaches. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 184:106408. [PMID: 36842513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are chloride channels that are regulated according to intracellular calcium ion concentrations. The channel protein ANO1 is widely present in cells and is involved in physiological activities including cellular secretion, signaling, cell proliferation and vasoconstriction and diastole. In this study, the ANO1 inhibitors were investigated with machine learning and molecular simulation. Two-dimensional structure-activity relationship (2D-SAR) and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models were developed for the qualitative and quantitative prediction of ANO1 inhibitors. The results showed that the prediction accuracies of the model were 85.9% and 87.8% for the training and test sets, respectively, and 85.9% and 87.8% for the rotating forest (RF) in the 2D-SAR model. The CoMFA and CoMSIA methods were then used for 3D QSAR modeling of ANO1 inhibitors, respectively. The q2 coefficients for model cross-validation were all greater than 0.5, implying that we were able to obtain a stable model for drug activity prediction. Molecular docking was further used to simulate the interactions between the five most promising compounds predicted by the model and the ANO1 protein. The total score for the docking results between all five compounds and the target protein was greater than 6, indicating that they interacted strongly in the form of hydrogen bonds. Finally, simulations of amino acid mutations around the docking cavity of the target proteins showed that each molecule had two or more sites of reduced affinity following a single mutation, indicating outstanding specificity of the screened drug molecules and their protein ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhong
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road,200444, China.
| | - Wendi Xuan
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road,200444, China.
| | - Sheng Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Shihao Cui
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road,200444, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhou
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road,200444, China.
| | - Mengting Tang
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road,200444, China.
| | - Xiaosheng Qu
- National Engineering laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, China.
| | - Wencong Lu
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road,200444, China
| | - Haizhong Huo
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Huaxia Eye Hospital of Foshan, Huaxia Eye Hospital Group, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China.
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Bing Niu
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road,200444, China.
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11
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Kalashyan M, Raghunathan K, Oller H, Theres MB, Jimenez L, Roland JT, Kolobova E, Hagen SJ, Goldsmith JD, Shub MD, Goldenring JR, Kaji I, Thiagarajah JR. Therapy Development for Microvillus Inclusion Disease using Patient-derived Enteroids. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.28.526036. [PMID: 36747680 PMCID: PMC9900906 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.526036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microvillus Inclusion Disease (MVID), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the motor protein Myosin Vb (MYO5B), is a severe infantile disease characterized by diarrhea, malabsorption, and acid-base instability, requiring intensive parenteral support for nutritional and fluid management. Human patient-derived enteroids represent a model for investigation of monogenic epithelial disorders but are a rare resource from MVID patients. We developed human enteroids with different loss-of function MYO5B variants and showed that they recapitulated the structural changes found in native MVID enterocytes. Multiplex Immunofluorescence imaging of patient duodenal tissues revealed patient-specific changes in localization of brush border transporters. Functional analysis of electrolyte transport revealed profound loss of Na + /H + exchange (NHE) activity in MVID patient enteroids with near-normal chloride secretion. The chloride channel-blocking anti-diarrheal drug, Crofelemer, dose-dependently inhibited agonist-mediated fluid secretion. MVID enteroids exhibited altered differentiation and maturation versus healthy enteroids. Inhibition of Notch signaling with the γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT, recovered apical brush border structure and functional Na + /H + exchange activity in MVID enteroids. Transcriptomic analysis revealed potential pathways involved in the rescue of MVID cells including serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 2 (SGK2), and NHE regulatory factor 3 (NHERF3). These results demonstrate the utility of patient-derived enteroids for developing therapeutic approaches to MVID. Conflict-of-interest statement The authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meri Kalashyan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Krishnan Raghunathan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Haley Oller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marie-Bayer Theres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lissette Jimenez
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Congenital Enteropathy Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- PediCoDE Consortium
| | - Joseph T. Roland
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Elena Kolobova
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Susan J Hagen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Goldsmith
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- PediCoDE Consortium
| | - Mitchell D. Shub
- Department of Child Health University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix and Division of Gastroenterology, Phoenix Children’s
| | - James R. Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- PediCoDE Consortium
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- PediCoDE Consortium
| | - Jay R. Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Congenital Enteropathy Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Digestive Disease Center, Boston MA
- PediCoDE Consortium
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12
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The Roots of Neorautanenia mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt: Further Evidence of Its Antidiarrhoeal Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020673. [PMID: 36677731 PMCID: PMC9863173 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the current management options and therapeutics used in the treatment of diarrhoea, in Africa and Asia, diarrhoea remains a major concern, especially in children under the age of 5 years. Traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used in the management of diarrhoea symptoms can be explored for their efficacy. In Nigeria, the TMPs (Traditional Medicine Practitioners) have, over the years, employed medicinal plants in the management of diarrhoea symptoms. In our current and previous studies, we aimed at validating the effectiveness of Neorautanenia mitis in the management of diarrhoea as claimed by the TMPs. Out of the 20 compounds isolated from N. mitis, the compounds neodulin, pachyrrhizine, neotenone and dolineone were the most abundant, and in this study, neodulin showed a pronounced relaxation of the rhythmic contraction of the isolated rabbit jejunum in an organ bath in a concentration-dependent manner, with a complete relaxation at 60 µg/mL. Neotenone and dolineone showed a dose-dependent inhibition of defecation of 65.07%, and 50.01%, respectively, at 20 mg/kg in a castor-oil-induced diarrhoea model. This is a strong indication that compounds from N. mitis possess antidiarrhoeal properties, thereby giving credence to its traditional usage in diarrhoea therapy, and therefore validating its antidiarrhoeal activity and its being worthy of further investigation.
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Pohlmann PR, Graham D, Wu T, Ottaviano Y, Mohebtash M, Kurian S, McNamara D, Lynce F, Warren R, Dilawari A, Rao S, Mainor C, Swanson N, Tan M, Isaacs C, Swain SM. HALT-D: a randomized open-label phase II study of crofelemer for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and a taxane. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 196:571-581. [PMID: 36280642 PMCID: PMC9633499 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess whether crofelemer would prevent chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) diarrhea in patients with HER2-positive, any-stage breast cancer receiving trastuzumab (H), pertuzumab (P), and a taxane (T; docetaxel or paclitaxel), with/without carboplatin (C; always combined with docetaxel rather than paclitaxel). METHODS Patients scheduled to receive ≥ 3 consecutive TCHP/THP cycles were randomized to crofelemer 125 mg orally twice daily during chemotherapy cycles 1 and 2 or no scheduled prophylactic medication (control). All received standard breakthrough antidiarrheal medication (BTAD) as needed. The primary endpoint was incidence of any-grade CID for ≥ 2 consecutive days. Secondary endpoints were incidence of all-grade and grade 3/4 CID by cycle/stratum; time to onset and duration of CID; stool consistency; use of BTAD; and quality of life (Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy for Patients With Diarrhea [FACIT-D] score). RESULTS Fifty-one patients were randomized to crofelemer (n = 26) or control (n = 25). There was no statistically significant difference between arms for the primary endpoint; however, incidence of grade ≥ 2 CID was reduced with crofelemer vs control (19.2% vs 24.0% in cycle 1; 8.0% vs 39.1%, in cycle 2). Patients receiving crofelemer were 1.8 times more likely to see their diarrhea resolved and had less frequent watery diarrhea. CONCLUSION Despite the choice of primary endpoint being insensitive, crofelemer reduced the incidence and severity of CID in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer receiving P-based therapy. These data are supportive of further testing of crofelemer in CID. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02910219, prospectively registered September 21, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R Pohlmann
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deena Graham
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Tianmin Wu
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Clinical Research Management Office, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Shweta Kurian
- Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donna McNamara
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | | | - Robert Warren
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Clinical Research Management Office, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Asma Dilawari
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Clinical Research Management Office, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Suman Rao
- Medstar Franklin Square Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Candace Mainor
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Clinical Research Management Office, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Nicole Swanson
- Clinical Research Management Office, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Clinical Research Management Office, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Bioinformatics, and Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claudine Isaacs
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA
- Clinical Research Management Office, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Sandra M Swain
- Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Washington, DC, USA.
- MedStar Health, Washington, DC, USA.
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14
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Sarma R, Shakya A, Karmakar A, Ghosh SK, Bhat HR, Ghimire N, Rahman O. A Review Of Preclinical Tools To Validate Anti-Diarrheal Agents. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2022; 19:CRCEP-EPUB-127705. [PMID: 36411576 DOI: 10.2174/2772432818666221121113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their inception, preclinical experimental models have played an important role in investigating and characterizing disease pathogenesis. These in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro preclinical tests also aid in identifying targets, evaluating potential therapeutic drugs, and validating treatment protocols. INTRODUCTION Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among children in developing countries, and it represents a huge health-care challenge on a global scale. Due to its chronic manifestations, alternative anti-diarrheal medications must be tested and developed because of the undesirable side effects of currently existing anti-diarrheal drugs. METHODS Several online databases, including Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus, were used in the literature search. The datasets were searched for entries of studies up to May, 2022. RESULTS The exhaustive literature study provides a large number of in vivo, in vitro and ex vivo models, which have been used for evaluating the mechanism of the anti-diarrheal effect of drugs in chemically-, pathogen-, disease-induced animal models of diarrhea. The advances and challenges of each model were also addressed in this review. CONCLUSION This review encompasses diverse strategies for screening drugs with anti-diarrheal effects and covers a wide range of pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms linked to diarrhea, with a particular emphasis on the challenges of evaluating and predictively validating these experimental models in preclinical studies. This could also help researchers find a new medicine to treat diabetes more effectively and with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Anshul Shakya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Arka Karmakar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Hans Raj Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Neha Ghimire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
| | - Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Science and Engineering, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh - 786004, Assam, India
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15
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Schreiber R, Cabrita I, Kunzelmann K. Paneth Cell Secretion in vivo Requires Expression of Tmem16a and Tmem16f. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2022; 1:1088-1098. [PMID: 39131261 PMCID: PMC11308424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aims Paneth cells play a central role in intestinal innate immune response. These cells are localized at the base of small intestinal crypts of Lieberkuhn. The calcium-activated chloride channel TMEM16A and the phospholipid scramblase TMEM16F control intracellular Ca2+ signaling and exocytosis. We analyzed the role of TMEM16A and TMEM16F for Paneth cells secretion. Methods Mice with intestinal epithelial knockout of Tmem16a (Tmem16a-/-) and Tmem16f (Tmem16f-/-) were generated. Tissue structures and Paneth cells were analyzed, and Paneth cell exocytosis was examined in small intestinal organoids in vitro. Intracellular Ca2+ signals were measured and were compared between wild-type and Tmem16 knockout mice. Bacterial colonization and intestinal apoptosis were analyzed. Results Paneth cells in the crypts of Lieberkuhn from Tmem16a-/- and Tmem16f-/- mice demonstrated accumulation of lysozyme. Tmem16a and Tmem16f were localized in wild-type Paneth cells but were absent in cells from knockout animals. Paneth cell number and size were enhanced in the crypt base and mucus accumulated in intestinal goblet cells of knockout animals. Granule fusion and exocytosis on cholinergic and purinergic stimulation were examined online. Both were strongly compromised in the absence of Tmem16a or Tmem16f and were also blocked by inhibition of Tmem16a/f. Purinergic Ca2+ signaling was largely inhibited in Tmem16a knockout mice. Jejunal bacterial content was enhanced in knockout mice, whereas cellular apoptosis was inhibited. Conclusion The present data demonstrate the role of Tmem16 for exocytosis in Paneth cells. Inhibition or activation of Tmem16a/f is likely to affect microbial content and immune functions present in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Ines Cabrita
- Nephrologisches Forschungslabor, University of Cologne, Köln, NRW, Germany
| | - Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany
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16
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Scott KA, Cox PB, Njardarson JT. Phenols in Pharmaceuticals: Analysis of a Recurring Motif. J Med Chem 2022; 65:7044-7072. [PMID: 35533692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenols and phenolic ethers are significant scaffolds recurring both in nature and among approved small-molecule pharmaceuticals. This compendium presents the first comprehensive compilation and analysis of the structures of U.S. FDA-approved molecules containing phenol or phenolic ether fragments. This dataset comprises 371 structures, which are strongly represented by natural products. A total of 55 of the compounds described here are on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Structural analysis reveals significant differences in the physicochemical properties imparted by phenols versus phenol ethers, each having benefits and drawbacks for drug developability. Despite trends over the past decade to increase the fraction of sp3 centers in drug leads, thereby "escaping flatland", phenols and phenolic ethers are represented in 62% of small-molecule drugs approved in 2020, suggesting that this aromatic moiety holds a special place in drugs and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Philip B Cox
- Drug Discovery Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jon T Njardarson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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17
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Keely SJ, Barrett KE. Intestinal secretory mechanisms and diarrhea. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G405-G420. [PMID: 35170355 PMCID: PMC8917926 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00316.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary functions of the intestinal epithelium is to transport fluid and electrolytes to and from the luminal contents. Under normal circumstances, absorptive and secretory processes are tightly regulated such that absorption predominates, thereby enabling conservation of the large volumes of water that pass through the intestine each day. However, in conditions of secretory diarrhea, this balance becomes dysregulated, so that fluid secretion, driven primarily by Cl- secretion, overwhelms absorptive capacity, leading to increased loss of water in the stool. Secretory diarrheas are common and include those induced by pathogenic bacteria and viruses, allergens, and disruptions to bile acid homeostasis, or as a side effect of many drugs. Here, we review the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which Cl- and fluid secretion in the intestine are regulated, how these mechanisms become dysregulated in conditions of secretory diarrhea, currently available and emerging therapeutic approaches, and how new strategies to exploit intestinal secretory mechanisms are successfully being used in the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Keely
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kim E Barrett
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California
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18
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Zhao Z, Xue Y, Zhang G, Jia J, Xiu R, Jia Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Li H, Chen P, Zhang X. Identification of evodiamine and rutecarpine as novel TMEM16A inhibitors and their inhibitory effects on peristalsis in isolated Guinea-pig ileum. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174340. [PMID: 34265294 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane member 16A (TMEM16A)-encoded Ca2+-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) is expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and involved in the generation of the slow-wave currents of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscles. TMEM16A modulators have been shown to positively or negatively regulate the contraction of gastrointestinal smooth muscle. Therefore, targeting the pharmacological modulation of TMEM16A may represent a novel treatment approach for gastrointestinal dysfunctions such as constipation and diarrhoea. In this study, evodiamine and rutecarpine were extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Evodia rutaecarpa and identified as novel TMEM16A inhibitors with comparable inhibitory effects. Their effects on intestinal peristalsis were examined. Whole-cell patch clamp results show that evodiamine and rutecarpine inhibited TMEM16A Cl- currents in CHO cells. The half-maximal inhibition values (IC50) of evodiamine and rutecarpine on TMEM16A Cl- currents were 11.8 ± 1.3 μΜ and 9.2 ± 0.4 μM, and the maximal effect values (Emax) were 95.8 ± 5.1% and 99.1 ± 1.6%, respectively. The Lys384, Thr385, and Met524 in TMEM16A are critical for evodiamine and rutecarpine's inhibitory effects. Further functional studies show that both evodiamine and rutecarpine can significantly suppress the peristalsis in isolated guinea-pig ileum. These findings demonstrate that evodiamine and rutecarpine are new TMEM16A inhibitors and support the regulation effect of TMEM16A modulators on gastrointestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yurun Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Gaohua Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jie Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruilian Xiu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yugai Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiangchong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Honglin Li
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Pingping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Liver-Kidney Patterns, Shijiazhuang, China; Hebei Higher Education Institute Applied Technology Research Center on TCM Formula Preparation, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, China.
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19
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Emerging Modulators of TMEM16A and Their Therapeutic Potential. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:353-365. [PMID: 34263350 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) are widespread chloride channels which rely on calcium activation to perform their functions. In 2008, TMEM16A (also known as anoctamin1, ANO1) was identified as the molecular basis of the CaCCs, which provided the possibility to study the physiological function of CaCCs. TMEM16A is widely expressed in various cells and controls basic physiological functions, including neuronal and cardiac excitability, nerve transduction, smooth muscle contraction, epithelial Cl- secretion and fertilization. However, the abnormal function of TMEM16A may cause a variety of diseases, including asthma, gastrointestinal motility disorder and various cancers. Therefore, TMEM16A is a putative drug target for many diseases, and it is important to determine specific and efficient modulators of TMEM16A channel. In recent years, we and others have screened several natural modulators of TMEM16A against cancers and gastrointestinal motility dysfunction. This article reviews the screening methods, efficacy of TMEM16A modulators and pharmacological effects of TMEM16A modulators on different diseases. GRAPHIC ABSTACT.
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20
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Ghaffari T, Hong JH, Asnaashari S, Farajnia S, Delazar A, Hamishehkar H, Kim KH. Natural Phytochemicals Derived from Gymnosperms in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6636. [PMID: 34205739 PMCID: PMC8234227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of various types of cancer is increasing globally. To reduce the critical side effects of cancer chemotherapy, naturally derived compounds have been considered for cancer treatment. Gymnosperms are a group of plants found worldwide that have traditionally been used for therapeutic applications. Paclitaxel is a commercially available anticancer drug derived from gymnosperms. Other natural compounds with anticancer activities, such as pinostrobin and pinocembrin, are extracted from pine heartwood, and pycnogenol and enzogenol from pine bark. Gymnosperms have great potential for further study for the discovery of new anticancer compounds. This review aims to provide a rational understanding and the latest developments in potential anticancer compounds derived from gymnosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyebeh Ghaffari
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran; (T.G.); (S.F.)
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran
| | - Joo-Hyun Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Solmaz Asnaashari
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran;
| | - Safar Farajnia
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran; (T.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Abbas Delazar
- Research Center for Evidence based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran;
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 15731, Iran; (T.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
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21
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Greene C, Barlesi B, Tarroza-David S, Friedlander T. Improved Control of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Induced Diarrhea with a Novel Chloride Channel Modulator: A Case Report. Oncol Ther 2021; 9:247-253. [PMID: 33826111 PMCID: PMC8140018 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-021-00147-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) across multiple cancers, side effects including treatment-related diarrhea can impede a patient’s ability to reach therapeutic doses or stay on therapy. Below, we present the case of a 72-year-old patient with metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma recurrent despite nephrectomy. Over the course of treatment, the patient received multiple different tyrosine kinase inhibitors with varying efficacy. Treatment with the TKI cabozantinib after failure of two prior TKIs resulted in a clinical response with shrinkage of his nodal metastatic disease. However, the severe treatment-related diarrhea refractory to conventional management required both dose holds and dose reductions of cabozantinib. Off-label administration of crofelemer, a novel FDA-approved antidiarrheal agent, successfully controlled the treatment-related diarrhea and allowed resumption and partial dose increase of cabozantinib. This case suggests that crofelemer could be a viable therapeutic strategy to address TKI-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Greene
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brigid Barlesi
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sigrid Tarroza-David
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terence Friedlander
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
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22
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Hagan M, Hayee BH, Rodriguez-Mateos A. (Poly)phenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:1843. [PMID: 33805938 PMCID: PMC8036772 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(Poly)phenols (PPs) may have a therapeutic benefit in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this review is to summarise the evidence-base in this regard. Observational evidence does not give a clear indication that PP intake has a preventative role for IBD or IBS, while interventional studies suggest these compounds may confer symptomatic and health-related quality of life improvements in known patients. There are inconsistent results for effects on markers of inflammation, but there are promising reports of endoscopic improvement. Work on the effects of PPs on intestinal permeability and oxidative stress is limited and therefore conclusions cannot be formed. Future work on the use of PPs in IBD and IBS will strengthen the understanding of clinical and mechanistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn Hagan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK;
| | - Bu' Hussain Hayee
- Department of Gastroenterology, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK;
| | - Ana Rodriguez-Mateos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
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23
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Lee JH, Kweon S, Park YR. Sharing genetic variants with the NGS pipeline is essential for effective genomic data sharing and reproducibility in health information exchange. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2268. [PMID: 33500538 PMCID: PMC7838410 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants causing underlying pharmacogenetic and disease phenotypes have been used as the basis for clinical decision-making. However, due to the lack of standards for next-generation sequencing (NGS) pipelines, reproducing genetic variants among institutions is still difficult. The aim of this study is to show how many important variants for clinical decisions can be individually detected using different pipelines. Genetic variants were derived from 105 breast cancer patient target DNA sequences via three different variant-calling pipelines. HaplotypeCaller, Mutect2 tumor-only mode in the Genome Analysis ToolKit (GATK), and VarScan were used in variant calling from the sequence read data processed by the same NGS preprocessing tools using Variant Effect Predictor. GATK HaplotypeCaller, VarScan, and MuTect2 found 25,130, 16,972, and 4232 variants, comprising 1491, 1400, and 321 annotated variants with ClinVar significance, respectively. The average number of ClinVar significant variants in the patients was 769.43, 16.50% of the variants were detected by only one variant caller. Despite variants with significant impact on clinical decision-making, the detected variants are different for each algorithm. To utilize genetic variants in the clinical field, a strict standard for NGS pipelines is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hoon Lee
- Lunit Inc., 175 Yeoksamro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Solbi Kweon
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Rang Park
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Gasparotto D, Sbaraglia M, Rossi S, Baldazzi D, Brenca M, Mondello A, Nardi F, Racanelli D, Cacciatore M, Paolo Dei Tos A, Maestro R. Tumor genotype, location, and malignant potential shape the immunogenicity of primary untreated gastrointestinal stromal tumors. JCI Insight 2020; 5:142560. [PMID: 33048845 PMCID: PMC7710278 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral immune infiltrate was recently reported in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, the tumor-intrinsic factors that dictate GIST immunogenicity are still largely undefined. To shed light on this issue, a large cohort (82 samples) of primary untreated GISTs, representative of major clinicopathological variables, was investigated by an integrated immunohistochemical, transcriptomic, and computational approach. Our results indicate that tumor genotype, location, and malignant potential concur to shape the immunogenicity of primary naive GISTs. Immune infiltration was greater in overt GISTs compared with that in lesions with limited malignant potential (miniGISTs), in KIT/PDGFRA-mutated tumors compared with that in KIT/PDGFRA WT tumors, and in PDGFRA-mutated compared with KIT-mutated GISTs. Within the KIT-mutated subset, a higher degree of immune colonization was detected in the intestine. Immune hot tumors showed expression patterns compatible with a potentially proficient but curbed antigen-specific immunity, hinting at sensitivity to immunomodulatory treatments. Poorly infiltrated GISTs, primarily KIT/PDGFRA WT intestinal tumors, showed activation of Hedgehog and WNT/β-catenin immune excluding pathways. This finding discloses a potential therapeutic vulnerability, as the targeting of these pathways might prove effective by both inhibiting pro-oncogenic signals and fostering antitumor immune responses. Finally, an intriguing anticorrelation between immune infiltration and ANO1/DOG1 expression was observed, suggesting an immunomodulatory activity for anoctamin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gasparotto
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marta Sbaraglia
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Treviso General Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Davide Baldazzi
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Brenca
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessia Mondello
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Federica Nardi
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Dominga Racanelli
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Matilde Cacciatore
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Treviso General Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Angelo Paolo Dei Tos
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Padova, Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano) IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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25
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de Jonge HR, Ardelean MC, Bijvelds MJC, Vergani P. Strategies for cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator inhibition: from molecular mechanisms to treatment for secretory diarrhoeas. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4085-4108. [PMID: 33113586 PMCID: PMC7756540 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is an unusual ABC transporter. It acts as an anion‐selective channel that drives osmotic fluid transport across many epithelia. In the gut, CFTR is crucial for maintaining fluid and acid‐base homeostasis, and its activity is tightly controlled by multiple neuro‐endocrine factors. However, microbial toxins can disrupt this intricate control mechanism and trigger protracted activation of CFTR. This results in the massive faecal water loss, metabolic acidosis and dehydration that characterize secretory diarrhoeas, a major cause of malnutrition and death of children under 5 years of age. Compounds that inhibit CFTR could improve emergency treatment of diarrhoeal disease. Drawing on recent structural and functional insight, we discuss how existing CFTR inhibitors function at the molecular and cellular level. We compare their mechanisms of action to those of inhibitors of related ABC transporters, revealing some unexpected features of drug action on CFTR. Although challenges remain, especially relating to the practical effectiveness of currently available CFTR inhibitors, we discuss how recent technological advances might help develop therapies to better address this important global health need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo R. de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Maria C. Ardelean
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonUK
- Department of Natural SciencesUniversity College LondonUK
| | - Marcel J. C. Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology & HepatologyErasmus University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Paola Vergani
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity College LondonUK
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26
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Dawurung CJ, Noitem R, Rattanajak R, Bunyong R, Richardson C, Willis AC, Kamchonwongpaisan S, Yimnual C, Muanprasat C, Pyne SG. Isolation of CFTR and TMEM16A inhibitors from Neorautanenia mitis (A. Rich) Verdcourt: Potential lead compounds for treatment of secretory diarrhea. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 179:112464. [PMID: 32798746 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A phytochemical study on the root extracts of Neorautanenia mitis, a Nigerian medicinal plant used in the management of diarrhea, led to the isolation of one new and 19 known natural products. These compounds and crude extracts were evaluated for Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Cl- channel and calcium-activated Cl- channel (TMEM16A) inhibitory activities in T84 and Calu-3 cells, respectively. Four compounds namely dolineon, neodulin, pachyrrhizine, and neotenone inhibited cAMP-induced Cl- secretion across T84 cell monolayers with IC50 values of ~0.81 μM, ~2.42 μM, ~2.87 μM, and ~4.66 μM, respectively. Dolineon having the highest inhibitory activity also inhibited a Ca + activated Cl- channel (TMEM16A) with an IC50 value of ~4.38 μM. The in vitro antidiarrheal activity of dolineon was evaluated on cholera toxin (CT) induced chloride secretion in T84 cells, where it inhibited CT-induced chloride secretion by >70% at 100 μM. Dolineon also inhibited CT-induced fluid secretion by ~70% in an in vivo mouse closed loop model at a dose of 16.9 μg/loop. The cytotoxicity of the extracts and compounds was evaluated on KB, Vero and BHK21 cells, dolineon showed low cytotoxicity of >29.6 μM and 57.30 + 6.77 μM against Vero and BHK21 cells, respectively. Our study revealed that several compounds isolated from N. mitis showed antidiarrheal activity. The most active compound dolineon can potentially serve as a lead compound towards the development of CFTR and TMEM16A inhibitors as future therapeutics for secretory diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana J Dawurung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia; Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Jos, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Rattikarn Noitem
- Division of Preclinical Sciences, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand.
| | - Roonglawan Rattanajak
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Ratchanu Bunyong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Christopher Richardson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
| | - Anthony C Willis
- Research School of Chemistry, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Chantapol Yimnual
- Division of Preclinical Sciences, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand.
| | - Chatchai Muanprasat
- Division of Preclinical Sciences, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samutprakarn, 10540, Thailand.
| | - Stephen G Pyne
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia.
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27
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Takita H, Darwich AS, Ahmad A, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Application of the Nested Enzyme-Within-Enterocyte (NEWE) Turnover Model for Predicting the Time Course of Pharmacodynamic Effects. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 9:617-627. [PMID: 32989926 PMCID: PMC7679071 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The gut wall consists of many biological elements, including enterocytes. Rapid turnover, a prominent feature of the enterocytes, has generally been ignored in the development of enterocyte-targeting drugs, although it has a comparable rate to other kinetic rates. Here, we investigated the impact of enterocyte turnover on the pharmacodynamics of enterocyte-targeting drugs by applying a model accounting for turnover of enterocytes and target proteins. Simulations showed that the pharmacodynamics depend on enterocyte lifespan when drug-target affinity is strong and half-life of target protein is long. Interindividual variability of enterocyte lifespan, which can be amplified by disease conditions, has a substantial impact on the variability of response. However, our comprehensive literature search showed that the enterocyte turnover causes a marginal impact on currently approved enterocyte-targeting drugs due to their relatively weak target affinities. This study proposes a model-informed drug development approach for selecting enterocyte-targeting drugs and their optimal dosage regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takita
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetics Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Laboratory for Safety Assessment and ADME, Pharmaceuticals Research Center, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Adam S Darwich
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetics Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Logistics and Informatics in Health Care, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health (CBH), KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Amais Ahmad
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetics Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetics Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Simcyp Division, Certara UK, Sheffield, UK
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28
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Sousa FBM, Nolêto IRSG, Chaves LS, Pacheco G, Oliveira AP, Fonseca MMV, Medeiros JVR. A comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of cholera. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1715-1731. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The oral rehydration solution is the most efficient method to treat cholera; however, it does not interfere in the action mechanism of the main virulence factor produced by Vibrio cholerae, the cholera toxin (CT), and this disease still stands out as a problem for human health worldwide. This review aimed to describe therapeutic alternatives available in the literature, especially those related to the search for molecules acting upon the physiopathology of cholera.
Key findings
New molecules have offered a protection effect against diarrhoea induced by CT or even by infection from V. cholerae. The receptor regulator cystic fibrosis channel transmembrane (CFTR), monosialoganglioside (GM1), enkephalinase, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibitors of expression of virulence factors and activators of ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase are the main therapeutic targets studied. Many of these molecules or extracts still present unclear action mechanisms.
Conclusions
Knowing therapeutic alternatives and their molecular mechanisms for the treatment of cholera could guide us to develop a new drug that could be used in combination with the rehydration solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca B M Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Isabela R S G Nolêto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Leticia S Chaves
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Pacheco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Ana P Oliveira
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mikhail M V Fonseca
- Institute of Higher Education of Vale do Parnaíba (IESVAP), Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Jand V R Medeiros
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Disorders (Lafidg), Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Brazil
- Northeast Biotechnology Network (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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29
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Wisnewski AV, Liu J, Redlich CA. Analysis of Lung Gene Expression Reveals a Role for Cl - Channels in Diisocyanate-induced Airway Eosinophilia in a Mouse Model of Asthma Pathology. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:25-35. [PMID: 32101465 PMCID: PMC7328250 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0400oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diisocyanates are well-recognized causes of asthma. However, sensitized workers frequently lack diisocyanate-specific IgE, which complicates diagnosis and suggests the disease involves IgE-independent mechanisms. We used a mouse model of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) asthma to identify biological pathways that may contribute to asthma pathogenesis. MDI sensitization and respiratory tract exposure were performed in Balb/c, transgenic B-cell (e.g., IgE)-deficient mice and a genetic background (C57BL/6)-matched strain. Eosinophils in airway fluid were quantitated by flow cytometry. Lung tissue gene expression was assessed using whole-genome mRNA microarrays. Informatic software was used to identify biological pathways affected by respiratory tract exposure and potential targets for disease intervention. Airway eosinophilia and changes (>1.5-fold; P value < 0.05) in expression of 192 genes occurred in all three mouse strains tested, with enrichment in chemokines and a pattern associated with alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages. CLCA1 (calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 1) was the most upregulated gene transcript (>100-fold) in all exposed mouse lungs versus controls, followed closely by SLC26A4, another transcript involved in Cl- conductance. Crofelemer, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved Cl- channel inhibitor, reduced MDI exposure induction of airway eosinophilia, mucus, CLCA1, and other asthma-associated gene transcripts. Expression changes in a core set of genes occurs independent of IgE in a mouse model of chemical-induced airway eosinophilia. In addition to chemokines and alternatively activated monocytes/macrophages, the data suggest a crucial role for Cl- channels in diisocyanate asthma pathology and as a possible target for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam V Wisnewski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carrie A Redlich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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30
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Chen L, Ding Y, Hou Y, Liu Y, Nie H. Regulation of Cl- Electrolyte Permeability in Epithelia by Active Traditional Chinese Medicine Monomers for Diarrhea. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:902-909. [PMID: 32364074 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200504073635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial layer, lining the inner surface of the mammalian alveolar, kidney, brain and colon, is a typical electrolyte transporting tissue. Large quantities of salt and fluid are actively moved from the mucosal side toward the blood vessel. Transepithelial salt re-absorption in epithelial tissues plays an important role in maintaining fluid homeostasis. In absorptive epithelium, fluid and salt flux is controlled by the machinery mainly composed of epithelial sodium channel, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, Na+/H+ exchanger, and Na+/K+-ATPase. Dysregulation of salt permeability across epithelium contributes to the pathogenesis of organ edema. In numerous ion transporters, epithelial Cl- transportation plays an important role in water secretion across epithelial tissues and regulation of body fluid content. Many traditional Chinese medicines treat diarrhea by regulating the Cl- electrolyte transport. We systematically summarized the recent progress regarding the traditional Chinese medicine on Cl- electrolyte transport in the intestinal epithelial tissues. The pharmaceutical relevance of developing advanced strategies to mitigate edematous disorders is also implicated. In conclusion, the crosstalk between Cl- electrolyte transport and active traditional Chinese medicine monomers may lead to the development of new strategies for diarrhea by manipulating the function and expression of ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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31
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Characterization of Inhibitory Effectiveness in Hyperpolarization-Activated Cation Currents by a Group of ent-Kaurane-Type Diterpenoids from Croton tonkinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041268. [PMID: 32070065 PMCID: PMC7072998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton is an extensive flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Three croton compounds with the common ent-kaurane skeleton have been purified from Croton tonkinensis. Methods: We examined any modifications of croton components (i.e., croton-01 [ent-18-acetoxy-7α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one], croton-02 [ent-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one] and croton-03 [ent-1β-acetoxy-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one] on either hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) or erg-mediated K+ current identified in pituitary tumor (GH3) cells and in rat insulin-secreting (INS-1) cells via patch-clamp methods. Results: Addition of croton-01, croton-02, or croton-03 effectively and differentially depressed Ih amplitude. Croton-03 (3 μM) shifted the activation curve of Ih to a more negative potential by approximately 11 mV. The voltage-dependent hysteresis of Ih was also diminished by croton-03 administration. Croton-03-induced depression of Ih could not be attenuated by SQ-22536 (10 μM), an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, but indeed reversed by oxaliplatin (10 μM). The Ih in INS-1 cells was also depressed effectively by croton-03. Conclusion: Our study highlights the evidence that these ent-kaurane diterpenoids might conceivably perturb these ionic currents through which they have high influence on the functional activities of endocrine or neuroendocrine cells.
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Rao MC. Physiology of Electrolyte Transport in the Gut: Implications for Disease. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:947-1023. [PMID: 31187895 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We now have an increased understanding of the genetics, cell biology, and physiology of electrolyte transport processes in the mammalian intestine, due to the availability of sophisticated methodologies ranging from genome wide association studies to CRISPR-CAS technology, stem cell-derived organoids, 3D microscopy, electron cryomicroscopy, single cell RNA sequencing, transgenic methodologies, and tools to manipulate cellular processes at a molecular level. This knowledge has simultaneously underscored the complexity of biological systems and the interdependence of multiple regulatory systems. In addition to the plethora of mammalian neurohumoral factors and their cross talk, advances in pyrosequencing and metagenomic analyses have highlighted the relevance of the microbiome to intestinal regulation. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of electrolyte transport processes in the small and large intestine, their regulation in health and how dysregulation at multiple levels can result in disease. Intestinal electrolyte transport is a balance of ion secretory and ion absorptive processes, all exquisitely dependent on the basolateral Na+ /K+ ATPase; when this balance goes awry, it can result in diarrhea or in constipation. The key transporters involved in secretion are the apical membrane Cl- channels and the basolateral Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter, NKCC1 and K+ channels. Absorption chiefly involves apical membrane Na+ /H+ exchangers and Cl- /HCO3 - exchangers in the small intestine and proximal colon and Na+ channels in the distal colon. Key examples of our current understanding of infectious, inflammatory, and genetic diarrheal diseases and of constipation are provided. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:947-1023, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini C Rao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hsiao HT, Lee YC, Liu YC, Kuo PC, Wu SN. Differential suppression of delayed-rectifier and inwardly rectifier K + currents by a group of ent-kaurane-type diterpenoids from Croton tonkinensis, in microglial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 856:172414. [PMID: 31129155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Croton is an extensive flowering plant genus in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Three croton compounds with the common ent-kaurane skeleton were purified from Croton tonkinensis. By using patch-clamp recording technique, we thoroughly examined the effect of a group of croton compounds, croton-01 (ent-18-acetoxy-7α-hydroxykaur-16-en-15-one), croton-02 (ent-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one), and croton-03 (ent-1β-acetoxy-7α,14β-dihydroxykaur-16-en-15-one), on the membrane current in SM826 and BV2 microglial cells. Although neither voltage-gated Na+ nor Ca2+ currents were present in these cells, both delayed-rectifier K+ outward (IK(DR)) and inwardly rectifying K+ currents (IK(IR)) were readily detected. Croton-03 differentially caused inhibition of IK(DR) or IK(IR) in a concentration-dependent manner. According to a minimal scheme, the shortening of the time constant in either the IK(DR)-related block or IK(IR) caused by different concentrations of croton-03 was quantitatively estimated with a dissociation constant of 6.45 and 29.5 μM, respectively. In SM826 cells differentiated with β-amyloid, inhibitory action on these K+ currents remained unaltered. In ultraviolet C-irradiated cells, the magnitude of IK(IR) was still decreased by addition of croton-03. Therefore, our study suggests that these ent-kaurane diterpenoids ought to somehow act on the cellular mechanisms by which they influence the functional activities of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tsung Hsiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chung Kuo
- School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Nan Wu
- Department of Physiology, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan City, Taiwan.
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Duan T, Cil O, Thiagarajah JR, Verkman AS. Intestinal epithelial potassium channels and CFTR chloride channels activated in ErbB tyrosine kinase inhibitor diarrhea. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126444. [PMID: 30668547 PMCID: PMC6478423 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhea is a major side effect of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we show that the primary mechanism of ErbB TKI diarrhea is activation of basolateral membrane potassium (K+) channels and apical membrane chloride (Cl-) channels in intestinal epithelia and demonstrate the efficacy of channel blockers in a rat model of TKI diarrhea. Short-circuit current in colonic epithelial cells showed that the TKIs gefitinib, lapatinib, and afatinib do not affect basal secretion but amplify carbachol-stimulated secretion by 2- to 3-fold. Mechanistic studies with the second-generation TKI afatinib showed that the amplifying effect on Cl- secretion was Ca2+ and cAMP independent, was blocked by CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and K+ channel inhibitors, and involved EGFR binding and ERK signaling. Afatinib-amplified activation of basolateral K+ and apical Cl- channels was demonstrated by selective membrane permeabilization, ion substitution, and channel inhibitors. Rats that were administered afatinib orally at 60 mg/kg/day developed diarrhea with increased stool water from approximately 60% to greater than 80%, which was reduced by up to 75% by the K+ channel inhibitors clotrimazole or senicapoc or the CFTR inhibitor (R)-BPO-27. These results indicate a mechanism for TKI diarrhea involving K+ and Cl- channel activation and support the therapeutic efficacy of channel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Duan
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Onur Cil
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alan S Verkman
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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Kunzelmann K, Ousingsawat J, Cabrita I, Doušová T, Bähr A, Janda M, Schreiber R, Benedetto R. TMEM16A in Cystic Fibrosis: Activating or Inhibiting? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30761000 PMCID: PMC6362895 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory airway disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by airway obstruction due to mucus hypersecretion, airway plugging, and bronchoconstriction. The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel is dysfunctional in CF, leading to defects in epithelial transport. Although CF pathogenesis is still disputed, activation of alternative Cl- channels is assumed to improve lung function in CF. Two suitable non-CFTR Cl- channels are present in the airway epithelium, the Ca2+ activated channel TMEM16A and SLC26A9. Activation of these channels is thought to be feasible to improve hydration of the airway mucus and to increase mucociliary clearance. Interestingly, both channels are upregulated during inflammatory lung disease. They are assumed to support fluid secretion, necessary to hydrate excess mucus and to maintain mucus clearance. During inflammation, however, TMEM16A is upregulated particularly in mucus producing cells, with only little expression in ciliated cells. Recently it was shown that knockout of TMEM16A in ciliated cells strongly compromises Cl- conductance and attenuated mucus secretion, but does not lead to a CF-like lung disease and airway plugging. Along this line, activation of TMEM16A by denufosol, a stable purinergic ligand, failed to demonstrate any benefit to CF patients in earlier studies. It rather induced adverse effects such as cough. A number of studies suggest that TMEM16A is essential for mucus secretion and possibly also for mucus production. Evidence is now provided for a crucial role of TMEM16A in fusion of mucus-filled granules with the apical plasma membrane and cellular exocytosis. This is probably due to local Ca2+ signals facilitated by TMEM16A. Taken together, TMEM16A supports fluid secretion by ciliated airway epithelial cells, but also maintains excessive mucus secretion during inflammatory airway disease. Because TMEM16A also supports airway smooth muscle contraction, inhibition rather than activation of TMEM16A might be the appropriate treatment for CF lung disease, asthma and COPD. As a number of FDA-approved and well-tolerated drugs have been shown to inhibit TMEM16A, evaluation in clinical trials appears timely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Kunzelmann
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Inês Cabrita
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Motol, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Andrea Bähr
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Innere Medizin I, Klinikum Rechts der Isar der TU München, München, Germany
| | - Melanie Janda
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Schreiber
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Benedetto
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Enhancement of Berberine Hypoglycemic Activity by Oligomeric Proanthocyanidins. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123318. [PMID: 30558158 PMCID: PMC6321252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the possible enhancement of berberine’s (BB) hypoglycemic activity by oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs) and its underlying mechanism. The hypoglycemic activity of the studied compounds was evaluated in diabetic db/db mice. The cellular uptake and efflux of BB with or without OPCs were investigated using Caco-2 intestinal cells. A pharmacokinetic study of BB and OPCs was performed in Sprague Dawley (SD) mice by oral administration of the study compounds. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was employed to determine the cellular efflux, retention, and the serum concentrations of the compounds. The results revealed that OPCs considerably potentiated the hypoglycemic efficacy of BB in diabetic db/db mice. In the in vitro experiments, OPCs significantly inhibited the efflux and increased the uptake of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate rhodamine-123 (R123) and BB in Caco-2 intestinal cells. Moreover, OPCs substantially reduced the expression of P-gp in Caco-2 cells. The inhibition of BB efflux by OPCs was translated into the improved pharmacokinetics in vivo. When co-administered, OPCs obviously increased the average maximum concentration of BB in mice. In summary, this study demonstrated that combination of BB with OPCs could significantly improve the pharmacokinetics and hypoglycemic efficacy of BB, which is valuable for future exploration of the combination of BB and OPCs as oral hypoglycemic agents.
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Hutchings CJ, Colussi P, Clark TG. Ion channels as therapeutic antibody targets. MAbs 2018; 11:265-296. [PMID: 30526315 PMCID: PMC6380435 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1548232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well established that antibodies have numerous potential benefits when developed as therapeutics. Here, we evaluate the technical challenges of raising antibodies to membrane-spanning proteins together with enabling technologies that may facilitate the discovery of antibody therapeutics to ion channels. Additionally, we discuss the potential targeting opportunities in the anti-ion channel antibody landscape, along with a number of case studies where functional antibodies that target ion channels have been reported. Antibodies currently in development and progressing towards the clinic are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Theodore G. Clark
- TetraGenetics Inc, Arlington Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca New York, USA
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Lee YH, Yi GS. Prediction of Novel Anoctamin1 (ANO1) Inhibitors Using 3D-QSAR Pharmacophore Modeling and Molecular Docking. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103204. [PMID: 30336555 PMCID: PMC6214110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channel, has been considered an important drug target, due to its involvement in various physiological functions, as well as its possibility for treatment of cancer, pain, diarrhea, hypertension, and asthma. Although several ANO1 inhibitors have been discovered by high-throughput screening, a discovery of new ANO1 inhibitors is still in the early phase, in terms of their potency and specificity. Moreover, there is no computational model to be able to identify a novel lead candidate of ANO1 inhibitor. Therefore, three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) pharmacophore modeling approach was employed for identifying the essential chemical features to be required in the inhibition of ANO1. The pharmacophore hypothesis 2 (Hypo2) was selected as the best model based on the highest correlation coefficient of prediction on the test set (0.909). Hypo2 comprised a hydrogen bond acceptor, a hydrogen bond donor, a hydrophobic, and a ring aromatic feature with good statistics of the total cost (73.604), the correlation coefficient of the training set (0.969), and the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) value (0.946). Hypo2 was well assessed by the test set, Fischer randomization, and leave-one-out methods. Virtual screening of the ZINC database with Hypo2 retrieved the 580 drug-like candidates with good potency and ADMET properties. Finally, two compounds were selected as novel lead candidates of ANO1 inhibitor, based on the molecular docking score and the interaction analysis. In this study, the best pharmacophore model, Hypo2, with notable predictive ability was successfully generated, and two potential leads of ANO1 inhibitors were identified. We believe that these compounds and the 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model could contribute to discovering novel and potent ANO1 inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hyeok Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Gwan-Su Yi
- Department of Bio and Brain engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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Hitch G, Fleming N. Antibiotic resistance in travellers' diarrhoeal disease, an external perspective. J Travel Med 2018; 25:S27-S37. [PMID: 29718437 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/tay014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many recommendations on the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis and treatment of travellers' diarrhoea (TD). As pharmacists with a special interest in antimicrobial stewardship, we examine and offer our perspective on advice that is recommended to travellers in terms of prevention, treatment and management of TD with a focus on antibiotic use and resistance. METHODS Publications on TD were identified through PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases searches using search terms 'travellers diarrhoea', 'travellers diarrhoea', 'travellers' diarrhoea' 'guidelines', 'expert opinion', 'expert reviews', 'South Asia' and 'South East Asia' (S and SE Asia), 'antibiotics', 'resistance genes', 'travel advice', 'pharmacists', 'guidelines', 'prevention' and 'treatment'. References of articles were also screened for additional relevant studies. RESULTS Whilst most guidelines and expert reviews were in agreement with the restricted use of antibiotics unless there was a clinical need, the literature review identified gaps in research into behaviours of travellers regarding non-compliance with the pre-travel advice provided and the need for in depth training and education for all healthcare professionals in providing 'tailored' advice for travellers going to high-risk destinations. CONCLUSIONS Travellers should be made aware of the problems of antimicrobial resistance in their destination and home countries and offered alternative forms of prophylaxis for TD. Strategies for prevention of TD, other than the use of antibiotics, also need to be emphasized. All healthcare professionals involved in giving advice about TD should be familiar with the epidemiology of the condition as this will inform responsible behaviours, risk assessment and management strategies in different geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Hitch
- Department of Life Sciences/Pharmacy, JMS Building, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RH, UK
| | - Naomi Fleming
- Department of Pharmacy, Kettering General Hospital, Rothwell Road, Kettering, Northamptonshire NN16 8UZ, UK
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Das S, Jayaratne R, Barrett KE. The Role of Ion Transporters in the Pathophysiology of Infectious Diarrhea. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 6:33-45. [PMID: 29928670 PMCID: PMC6007821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every year, enteric infections and associated diarrhea kill millions of people. The situation is compounded by increases in the number of enteric pathogens that are acquiring resistance to antibiotics, as well as (hitherto) a relative paucity of information on host molecular targets that may contribute to diarrhea. Many forms of diarrheal disease depend on the dysregulation of intestinal ion transporters, and an associated imbalance between secretory and absorptive functions of the intestinal epithelium. A number of major transporters have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diarrheal diseases and thus an understanding of their expression, localization, and regulation after infection with various bacteria, viruses, and protozoa likely will prove critical in designing new therapies. This article surveys our understanding of transporters that are modulated by specific pathogens and the mechanism(s) involved, thereby illuminating targets that might be exploited for new therapeutic approaches.
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Key Words
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- ATPase, adenosine triphosphatase
- CDI, Clostridium difficile infection
- CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
- CLCA1, chloride channel accessory 1
- CT, cholera toxin
- CXCR2, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2
- DRA, down-regulated in adenoma
- Diarrhea
- ENaC, epithelial sodium channel
- EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
- ETEC, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
- Enteric Pathogen
- Epithelium
- EspG, Escherichia coli secreted protein G
- GPR39, G-protein coupled receptor 39
- Ion Transport
- KCC, potassium-chloride cotransporter
- LPA, lysophosphatidic acid
- LT, heat-labile toxin
- NHE, sodium/hydrogen exchanger
- NHERF2, sodium/hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor 2
- NKCC, sodium-potassium-2 chloride cotransporter
- ORT, oral rehydration therapy
- PKC, protein kinase C
- SGLT1, sodium-glucose cotransporter 1
- SLC, solute carrier
- ST, heat-stabile toxin
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Tcd, Clostridium difficile toxin
- ZnR, zinc sensing receptor
- cAMP, adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Rashini Jayaratne
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Kim E. Barrett
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Kim E. Barrett, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0063. fax: (858) 246-1788.
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Inability to reduce morbidity of diarrhea by ORS: can we design a better therapy? Pediatr Res 2018; 83:559-563. [PMID: 29168980 PMCID: PMC5902428 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Diarrheal disease is a worldwide problem that still causes significant morbidity and mortality among children. Currently, oral rehydration solution (ORS) is the standard of care for acute diarrhea in pediatric patients. Although effective in reducing mortality, ORS does not alleviate diarrheal symptoms, thus reducing caregiver compliance and therapeutic efficacy. This article will briefly review the current problem of pediatric diarrhea and the shortcomings of current therapies; however, the focus of this review is to examine the intestinal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). The author summarizes the evidence suggesting that targeting the CaSR will enable clinicians to address all four major pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrheal disease, and substantiates the need for future research regarding this therapy.
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Rawat P, Singh PK, Kumar V. Evidence based traditional anti-diarrheal medicinal plants and their phytocompounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1453-1464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Yu B, Jiang Y, Zhang B, Yang H, Ma T. Resveratrol dimer trans-ε-viniferin prevents rotaviral diarrhea in mice by inhibition of the intestinal calcium-activated chloride channel. Pharmacol Res 2017; 129:453-461. [PMID: 29155014 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified, by a natural-product screen, resveratrol oligomers as inhibitors of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel. Here, we report the resveratrol dimer trans-ε-viniferin (TV) and tetramer r-2-viniferin (RV) as inhibitors of the intestinal calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) and demonstrate their antisecretory efficacy in a neonatal mouse model of rotaviral diarrhea. Short-circuit measurements show inhibition of CaCC current in the human colonic cell line HT-29 by TV and RV with IC50∼1 and 20μM, respectively. TV primarily inhibited the physiologically relevant, long-term CaCC current following agonist stimulation, without effect on cytoplasmic Ca2+ signaling. TV and RV inhibited short-circuit current in mouse colon as well. In a neonatal mouse model of rotaviral secretory diarrhea produced by oral inoculation with rotavirus, 2μg TV or 11μg RV inhibited secretory diarrhea by >50%, without effect on the rotaviral infection. Our results support the antisecretory efficacy of non-toxic, natural-product resveratrol oligomers for diarrheas produced by CaCC activation. Because these compounds also inhibit the CFTR chloride channel, they may be useful for antisecretory therapy of a wide range of diarrheas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China; College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, PR China.
| | - Tonghui Ma
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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Hewarathna A, Mozziconacci O, Nariya MK, Kleindl PA, Xiong J, Fisher AC, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Forrest ML, Volkin DB, Deeds EJ, Schöneich C. Chemical Stability of the Botanical Drug Substance Crofelemer: A Model System for Comparative Characterization of Complex Mixture Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3257-3269. [PMID: 28688843 PMCID: PMC6644711 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
As the second of a 3-part series of articles in this issue concerning the development of a mathematical model for comparative characterization of complex mixture drugs using crofelemer (CF) as a model compound, this work focuses on the evaluation of the chemical stability profile of CF. CF is a biopolymer containing a mixture of proanthocyanidin oligomers which are primarily composed of gallocatechin with a small contribution from catechin. CF extracted from drug product was subjected to molecular weight-based fractionation and thiolysis. Temperature stress and metal-catalyzed oxidation were selected for accelerated and forced degradation studies. Stressed CF samples were size fractionated, thiolyzed, and analyzed with a combination of negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and reversed-phase-HPLC with UV absorption and fluorescence detection. We further analyzed the chemical stability data sets for various CF samples generated from reversed-phase-HPLC-UV and ESI-MS using data-mining and machine learning approaches. In particular, calculations based on mutual information of over 800,000 data points in the ESI-MS analytical data set revealed specific CF cleavage and degradation products that were differentially generated under specific storage/degradation conditions, which were not initially identified using traditional analysis of the ESI-MS results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Hewarathna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Maulik K Nariya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Adam C Fisher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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Van Sebille YZ, Gibson RJ, Wardill HR, Ball IA, Keefe DM, Bowen JM. Dacomitinib-induced diarrhea: Targeting chloride secretion with crofelemer. Int J Cancer 2017; 142:369-380. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah R. Wardill
- Discipline of Physiology; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide; Australia
| | - Imogen A. Ball
- Discipline of Physiology; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide; Australia
| | - Dorothy M.K. Keefe
- Discipline of Physiology; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide; Australia
| | - Joanne M. Bowen
- Discipline of Physiology; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide; Australia
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A multiple biomarker assay for quality assessment of botanical drugs using a versatile microfluidic chip. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12243. [PMID: 28947774 PMCID: PMC5612938 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality control is critical for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drugs. Current quality control method for botanical drugs is mainly based on chemical testing. However, chemical testing alone may not be sufficient as it may not capture all constituents of botanical drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a bioassay correlating with the drug's known mechanism of action to ensure its potency and activity. Herein we developed a multiple biomarker assay to assess the quality of botanicals using microfluidics, where enzyme inhibition was employed to indicate the drug's activity and thereby evaluate biological consistency. This approach was exemplified on QiShenYiQi Pills using thrombin and angiotensin converting enzyme as "quality biomarkers". Our results demonstrated that there existed variations in potency across different batches of the intermediates and preparations. Compared with chromatographic fingerprinting, the bioassay provided better discrimination ability for some abnormal samples. Moreover, the chip could function as "affinity chromatography" to identify bioactive phytochemicals bound to the enzymes. This work proposed a multiple-biomarker strategy for quality assessment of botanical drugs, while demonstrating for the first time the feasibility of microfluidics in this field.
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Kleindl PA, Xiong J, Hewarathna A, Mozziconacci O, Nariya MK, Fisher AC, Deeds EJ, Joshi SB, Middaugh CR, Schöneich C, Volkin DB, Forrest ML. The Botanical Drug Substance Crofelemer as a Model System for Comparative Characterization of Complex Mixture Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3242-3256. [PMID: 28743606 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Crofelemer is a botanical polymeric proanthocyanidin that inhibits chloride channel activity and is used clinically for treating HIV-associated secretory diarrhea. Crofelemer lots may exhibit significant physicochemical variation due to the natural source of the raw material. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological assays were used to identify potential critical quality attributes (CQAs) of crofelemer, which may be useful in characterizing differently sourced and processed drug products. Crofelemer drug substance was extracted from tablets of one commercial drug product lot, fractionated, and subjected to accelerated thermal degradation studies to produce derivative lots with variations in chemical and physical composition potentially representative of manufacturing and raw material variation. Liquid chromatography, UV absorbance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis revealed substantial changes in the composition of derivative lots. A chloride channel inhibition cell-based bioassay suggested that substantial changes in crofelemer composition did not necessarily result in major changes to bioactivity. In 2 companion papers, machine learning and data mining approaches were applied to the analytical and biological data sets presented herein, along with chemical stability data sets derived from forced degradation studies, to develop an integrated mathematical model that can identify CQAs which are most relevant in distinguishing between different populations of crofelemer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Asha Hewarathna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Maulik K Nariya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Adam C Fisher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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Nariya MK, Kim JH, Xiong J, Kleindl PA, Hewarathna A, Fisher AC, Joshi SB, Schöneich C, Forrest ML, Middaugh CR, Volkin DB, Deeds EJ. Comparative Characterization of Crofelemer Samples Using Data Mining and Machine Learning Approaches With Analytical Stability Data Sets. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:3270-3279. [PMID: 28743607 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in generating physicochemical and biological analytical data sets to compare complex mixture drugs, for example, products from different manufacturers. In this work, we compare various crofelemer samples prepared from a single lot by filtration with varying molecular weight cutoffs combined with incubation for different times at different temperatures. The 2 preceding articles describe experimental data sets generated from analytical characterization of fractionated and degraded crofelemer samples. In this work, we use data mining techniques such as principal component analysis and mutual information scores to help visualize the data and determine discriminatory regions within these large data sets. The mutual information score identifies chemical signatures that differentiate crofelemer samples. These signatures, in many cases, would likely be missed by traditional data analysis tools. We also found that supervised learning classifiers robustly discriminate samples with around 99% classification accuracy, indicating that mathematical models of these physicochemical data sets are capable of identifying even subtle differences in crofelemer samples. Data mining and machine learning techniques can thus identify fingerprint-type attributes of complex mixture drugs that may be used for comparative characterization of products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik K Nariya
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Peter A Kleindl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Asha Hewarathna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Adam C Fisher
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - C Russell Middaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045
| | - Eric J Deeds
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501.
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Rtibi K, Selmi S, Grami D, Amri M, Eto B, El-Benna J, Sebai H, Marzouki L. Chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of carob pods and leaves (Ceratonia siliqua L.) on the gastrointestinal tract: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:522-528. [PMID: 28686965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L., is a medicinal plant used in Tunisian traditional medicine for the treatment of the gastro-intestinal (GI) disorders. In this respect, a relatively large number of scientific publications on the carob tree have been published in recent years. Therefore, the present review was aimed to analyze the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ceratonia siliqua on the GI tract. Indeed, previous investigations on the carob pods and leaves have revealed the presence of a number of compounds including high amounts of carbohydrates, dietary fibers, minerals, polyphenols, flavonoids and low amounts of protein and lipids. This plant possesses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diarrheique, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, anti-constipation and anti-absorptive of glucose activities in the gastrointestinal tract. Based on the chemical and pharmacological characteristics of C. siliqua, we concluded that this species has beneficial preventive and therapeutic properties, especially, in digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaïs Rtibi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Slimen Selmi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Dhekra Grami
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Bruno Eto
- TransCell-Lab, Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Jamel El-Benna
- INSERM U1149 Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine X. Bichat, 75018 Paris, France
| | - Hichem Sebai
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Fonctionnelle et Valorisation des Bioressources-Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Béja, B.P. 382-9000, Béja, Tunisia; Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologies, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
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50
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Teixeira AGV, Ribeiro BL, Junior PRM, Korzec HC, Bicalho RC. Prophylactic use of a standardized botanical extract for the prevention of naturally occurring diarrhea in newborn Holstein calves. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:3019-3030. [PMID: 28189317 PMCID: PMC7094291 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prophylactic use of SB-300 (Jaguar Animal Health, San Francisco, CA), a standardized botanical extract isolated from the bark latex of Croton lechleri, on reducing fecal water losses and diarrhea events in Holstein bull calves individually housed under a restricted whole-milk feeding regimen (6 L/d) from 1 to 25 d of life. Fluid therapy administration due to dehydration, average weight gain, and the fecal microbiome were also evaluated. Bull calves used in this study were born from normal parturition, fed 4 L of pooled pasteurized colostrum by esophageal feeder, and moved to a research facility at Cornell University (Ithaca, NY). A double-blinded randomized clinical trial was designed to allocate a total of 40 newborn calves into 1 of 2 treatment groups: calves receiving (twice daily) a solution containing 500 mg of SB-300 added to the whole milk for the first 15 d of life (SB-300, n = 20) or a control group receiving sterile water added to whole milk for the same period (CTR, n = 20). Treatment solutions had a total volume of 10 mL per treatment. Data regarding fecal dry matter were collected to precisely measure water content in fecal samples and to define diarrhea events; the SB-300 group had significantly increased fecal dry matter during the study period. Additionally, significantly fewer events of diarrhea were observed for calves in the SB-300 group (16.9%) compared with calves in the CTR group (46.5%). Dehydration status was evaluated and treated accordingly; calves with moderate dehydration were offered oral electrolytes, and calves with severe dehydration were rescued with intravenous fluid therapy. Calves in the SB-300 group had fewer intravenous fluid therapies administered during the study period (1.6%) compared with the CTR group (3.1%). Overall fluid therapy administered (oral electrolytes plus intravenous fluids) was significantly higher for the CTR group (9.2%) compared with the SB-300 group (6.1%) during the study period. No differences in milk consumption, calf starter intake, or weight gain were observed between treatment groups. A single time increase in Bifidobacterium was observed on d 20 of life for the SB-300 group; otherwise, no differences in fecal microbiome profile were detected between treatment groups. These results suggest that 500 mg of SB-300 added to the milk for 15 d can reduce the incidence of diarrhea and reduce severe dehydration in milk-fed calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G V Teixeira
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - B L Ribeiro
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - P R M Junior
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - H C Korzec
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401
| | - R C Bicalho
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6401.
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