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Devi K, Bali A, Bhatia P, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Exploring the ameliorative potential of Bacopa monnieri in acetic acid induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:2105-2110. [PMID: 37427984 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2233047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of Bacopa monnieri in acetic-acid-induced ulcerative colitis in mice. Acetic acid (3%v/v, in 0.9% saline) was infused intrarectally to induce ulceration in mice. Administration of acetic acid resulted in severe inflammation of the colon along with an increase in the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity assessed on 7th day. Treatment with Bacopa monnieri extract (20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg, p.o) and saponin-rich fraction (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg; p.o) for 7 days i.e. 2 days before and 5 days after acetic acid infusion, significantly attenuated the colonic inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, it also reduced the MPO levels and the disease activity score as compared to the control group. It may be concluded that Bacopa monnieri has the potential for ameliorating acetic-acid-induced colitis and its saponin-rich fraction may be responsible for this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Devi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab Bathinda, Bathinda, India
| | - Pankaj Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
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Roy S, Shanmugam G, Rakshit S, Pradeep R, George M, Sarkar K. Exploring the immunomodulatory potential of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) in the treatment of invasive ductal carcinoma. Med Oncol 2024; 41:115. [PMID: 38622289 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L) Wettst, commonly known as Brahmi, stands as a medicinal plant integral to India's traditional medical system, Ayurveda, where it is recognized as a "medhya rasayana"-a botanical entity believed to enhance intellect and mental clarity. Its significant role in numerous Ayurvedic formulations designed to address conditions such as anxiety, memory loss, impaired cognition, and diminished concentration underscores its prominence. Beyond its application in cognitive health, Brahmi has historically been employed in Ayurvedic practices for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis. In contemporary biomedical research, Bacopa monnieri can attenuate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in animal models. However, there remains a paucity of information regarding Bacopa's potential as an anticancer agent, warranting further investigation in this domain. Based on previous findings with Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), the current study aims to find out the role of Brahmi plant preparation (BPP) in immunomodulatory actions on IDC. Employing a specific BPP concentration, we conducted a comprehensive study using MTT assay, ELISA, DNA methylation analysis, Western blotting, ChIP, and mRNA profiling to assess BPP's immunomodulatory properties. Our research finding showed the role of BPP in augmenting the action of T helper 1 (TH1) cells which secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ) which in turn activated cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) to kill the cells of IDC (*p < 0.05). Moreover, we found out that treatment with BPP not only increased the activities of tumor-suppressor genes (p53 and BRCA1) but also decreased the activities of oncogenes (Notch1 and DNAPKcs) in IDC (*p < 0.05). BPP had an immense significance in controlling the epigenetic dysregulation in IDC through the downregulation of Histone demethylation & Histone deacetylation and upregulation of Histone methylation and Histone acetylation (*p < 0.05). Our Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR data showed BPP treatment increased percentage enrichment of STAT1 & BRCA1 (*p < 0.05) and decreased percentage enrichment of STAT3, STAT5 & NF ΚB (*p < 0.05) on both TBX21 and BRCA1 gene loci in IDC. In addition, BPP treatment reduced the hypermethylation of the BRCA1-associated-DNA, which is believed to be a major factor in IDC (*p < 0.05). BPP not only escalates the secretion of type 1 specific cytokines but also escalates tumor suppression and harmonizes various epigenetic regulators and transcription factors associated with Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) to evoke tumor protective immunity in IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Geetha Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Sudeshna Rakshit
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - R Pradeep
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Melvin George
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Koustav Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India.
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Nakhjavani M, Smith E, Yeo K, Tomita Y, Price TJ, Yool A, Townsend AR, Hardingham JE. Differential antiangiogenic and anticancer activities of the active metabolites of ginsenoside Rg3. J Ginseng Res 2024; 48:171-180. [PMID: 38465222 PMCID: PMC10920002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epimers of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) have a low bioavailability and are prone to deglycosylation, which produces epimers of ginsenoside Rh2 (S-Rh2 and R-Rh2) and protopanaxadiol (S-PPD and R-PPD). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and potency of these molecules as anti-cancer agents. Methods Crystal violet staining was used to study the anti-proliferatory action of the molecules on a human epithelial breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and compare their potency. Cell death and cell cycle were studied using flow cytometry and mode of cell death was studied using live cell imaging. Anti-angiogenic effects of the drug were studied using loop formation assay. Molecular docking showed the interaction of these molecules with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and aquaporin (AQP) water channels. VEGF bioassay was used to study the interaction of Rh2 with VEGFR2, in vitro. Results HUVEC was the more sensitive cell line to the anti-proliferative effects of S-Rh2, S-PPD and R-PPD. The molecules induced necroptosis/necrosis in MDA-MB-231 and apoptosis in HUVEC. S-Rh2 was the most potent inhibitor of loop formation. In silico molecular docking predicted a good binding score between Rh2 or PPD and the ATP-binding pocket of VEGFR2. VEGF bioassay showed that Rh2 was an allosteric modulator of VEGFR2. In addition, SRh2 and PPD had good binding scores with AQP1 and AQP5, both of which play roles in cell migration and proliferation. Conclusion The combination of these molecules might be responsible for the anti-cancer effects observed by Rg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nakhjavani
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Kenny Yeo
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Medical Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Price
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Medical Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Amanda R. Townsend
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Medical Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
| | - Jennifer E. Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Feng J, Sun Q, Chen P, Ren K, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Gao S, Song Z, Wang J, Liao F, Han D. Characterization of Cancer Cell Mechanics by Measuring Active Deformation Behavior. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2300520. [PMID: 37775303 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Active deformation behavior reflects cell structural dynamics adapting to varying environmental constraints during malignancy progression. In most cases, cell mechanics is characterized by modeling using static equilibrium systems, which fails to comprehend cell deformation behavior leading to inaccuracies in distinguishing cancer cells from normal cells. Here, a method is introduced to measure the active deformation behavior of cancer cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the newly developed deformation behavior cytometry (DBC). During the measurement, cells are deformed and allows a long timescale relaxation (≈5 s). Two parameters are derived to represent deformation behavior: apparent Poisson's ratio for adherent cells, which is measured with AFM and refers to the ratio of the lateral strain to the longitudinal strain of the cell, and shape recovery for suspended cells, which is measured with DBC. Active deformation behavior defines cancer cell mechanics better than traditional mechanical parameters (e.g., stiffness, diffusion, and viscosity). Additionally, aquaporins are essential for promoting the deformation behavior, while the actin cytoskeleton acts as a downstream effector. Therefore, the potential application of the cancer cell active deformation behavior as a biomechanical marker or therapeutic target in cancer treatment should be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Feng
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Quanmei Sun
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Keli Ren
- The Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yahong Shi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Songkun Gao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Zhiwei Song
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Fulong Liao
- Artemisinin Research Center and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dong Han
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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Mishra SR, Behera BP, Singh VK, Mahapatra KK, Mundkinajeddu D, Bhat D, Minz AM, Sethi G, Efferth T, Das S, Bhutia SK. Anticancer activity of Bacopa monnieri through apoptosis induction and mitophagy-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155157. [PMID: 37951147 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacopa monnieri (BM) is traditionally used in human diseases for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, its anticancer potential has been poorly understood. AIM The aim of this study was to explore the detailed anticancer mechanism of BM against oral cancer and to identify the bioactive BM fraction for possible cancer therapeutics. RESULTS We performed bioactivity-guided fractionation and identified that the aqueous fraction of the ethanolic extract of BM (BM-AF) had a potent anticancer potential in both in vitro and in vivo oral cancer models. BM-AF inhibited cell viability, colony formation, cell migration and induced apoptotic cell death in Cal33 and FaDu cells. BM-AF at low doses promoted mitophagy and BM-AF mediated mitophagy was PARKIN dependent. In addition, BM-AF inhibited arecoline induced reactive oxygen species production in Cal33 cells. Moreover, BM-AF supressed arecoline-induced NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation through mitophagy in Cal33 cells. The in vivo antitumor effect of BM-AF was further validated in C57BL/6J mice through a 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide and arecoline-induced oral cancer model. The tumor incidence was significantly reduced in the BM-AF treated group. Further, data obtained from western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis showed increased expression of apoptotic markers and decreased expression of inflammasome markers in the tongue tissue obtained from BM-AF treated mice in comparison with the non-treated tumor bearing mice. CONCLUSION In conclusion, BM-AF exhibited potent anticancer activity through apoptosis induction and mitophagy-dependent inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in both in vitro and in vivo oral cancer models. Moreover, we have investigated apoptosis and mitophagy-inducing compounds from this plant extract having anticancer activity against oral cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ranjan Mishra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Bishnu Prasad Behera
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | | | - Kewal Kumar Mahapatra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India; Current affiliation: Department of Agriculture and Allied Sciences (Zoology), C. V Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, 752054, Odisha, India
| | | | - Deeksha Bhat
- Research and Development Department, Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, India
| | - Aruna Mukti Minz
- Department of Pathology, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Surajit Das
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Ecology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sujit Kumar Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Banerjee S, Smith IM, Hengen AC, Stroka KM. Methods for studying mammalian aquaporin biology. Biol Methods Protoc 2023; 8:bpad031. [PMID: 38046463 PMCID: PMC10689382 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane water-conducting channels, have earned a great deal of scrutiny for their critical physiological roles in healthy and disease cell states, especially in the biomedical field. Numerous methods have been implemented to elucidate the involvement of AQP-mediated water transport and downstream signaling activation in eliciting whole cell, tissue, and organ functional responses. To modulate these responses, other methods have been employed to investigate AQP druggability. This review discusses standard in vitro, in vivo, and in silico methods for studying AQPs, especially for biomedical and mammalian cell biology applications. We also propose some new techniques and approaches for future AQP research to address current gaps in methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohini Banerjee
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
| | - Ian M Smith
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
| | - Autumn C Hengen
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
| | - Kimberly M Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, United States
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, MD 20742, United States
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore MD 21201, United States
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Aquaporins and Ion Channels as Dual Targets in the Design of Novel Glioblastoma Therapeutics to Limit Invasiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030849. [PMID: 36765806 PMCID: PMC9913334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Current therapies for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) focus on eradicating primary tumors using radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgical resection, but have limited success in controlling the invasive spread of glioma cells into a healthy brain, the major factor driving short survival times for patients post-diagnosis. Transcriptomic analyses of GBM biopsies reveal clusters of membrane signaling proteins that in combination serve as robust prognostic indicators, including aquaporins and ion channels, which are upregulated in GBM and implicated in enhanced glioblastoma motility. Accumulating evidence supports our proposal that the concurrent pharmacological targeting of selected subclasses of aquaporins and ion channels could impede glioblastoma invasiveness by impairing key cellular motility pathways. Optimal sets of channels to be selected as targets for combined therapies could be tailored to the GBM cancer subtype, taking advantage of differences in patterns of expression between channels that are characteristic of GBM subtypes, as well as distinguishing them from non-cancerous brain cells such as neurons and glia. Focusing agents on a unique channel fingerprint in GBM would further allow combined agents to be administered at near threshold doses, potentially reducing off-target toxicity. Adjunct therapies which confine GBM tumors to their primary sites during clinical treatments would offer profound advantages for treatment efficacy.
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Aquaporin-mediated dysregulation of cell migration in disease states. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:48. [PMID: 36682037 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04665-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated cell migration and invasion are hallmarks of many disease states. This dysregulated migratory behavior is influenced by the changes in expression of aquaporins (AQPs) that occur during pathogenesis, including conditions such as cancer, endometriosis, and arthritis. The ubiquitous function of AQPs in migration of diseased cells makes them a crucial target for potential therapeutics; this possibility has led to extensive research into the specific mechanisms underlying AQP-mediated diseased cell migration. The functions of AQPs depend on a diverse set of variables including cell type, AQP isoform, disease state, cell microenvironments, and even the subcellular localization of AQPs. To consolidate the considerable work that has been conducted across these numerous variables, here we summarize and review the last decade's research covering the role of AQPs in the migration and invasion of cells in diseased states.
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Fatima U, Roy S, Ahmad S, Al-Keridis LA, Alshammari N, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI. Investigating neuroprotective roles of Bacopa monnieri extracts: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Critical Role of Aquaporins in Cancer: Focus on Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174182. [PMID: 36077720 PMCID: PMC9455074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aquaporins are proteins able to regulate the transfer of water and other small substances such as ions, glycerol, urea, and hydrogen peroxide across cellular membranes. AQPs provide for a huge variety of physiological phenomena; their alteration provokes several types of pathologies including cancer and hematological malignancies. Our review presents data revealing the possibility of employing aquaporins as biomarkers in patients with hematological malignancies and evaluates the possibility that interfering with the expression of aquaporins could represent an effective treatment for hematological malignancies. Abstract Aquaporins are transmembrane molecules regulating the transfer of water and other compounds such as ions, glycerol, urea, and hydrogen peroxide. Their alteration has been reported in several conditions such as cancer. Tumor progression might be enhanced by aquaporins in modifying tumor angiogenesis, cell volume adaptation, proteases activity, cell–matrix adhesions, actin cytoskeleton, epithelial–mesenchymal transitions, and acting on several signaling pathways facilitating cancer progression. Close connections have also been identified between the aquaporins and hematological malignancies. However, it is difficult to identify a unique action exerted by aquaporins in different hemopathies, and each aquaporin has specific effects that vary according to the class of aquaporin examined and to the different neoplastic cells. However, the expression of aquaporins is altered in cell cultures and in patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in lymphoproliferative diseases and in multiple myeloma, and the different expression of aquaporins seems to be able to influence the efficacy of treatment and could have a prognostic significance, as greater expression of aquaporins is correlated to improved overall survival in leukemia patients. Finally, we assessed the possibility that modifying the aquaporin expression using aquaporin-targeting regulators, specific monoclonal antibodies, and even aquaporin gene transfer could represent an effective therapy of hematological malignancies.
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Fatima U, Roy S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Elkady WM, Khan I, Alsaffar RM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological attributes of Bacopa monnieri extract: Current updates and clinical manifestation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972379. [PMID: 36061899 PMCID: PMC9436272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, alone or in combination with other herbs, as a memory and learning enhancer, sedative, and anti-epileptic. This review aimed to highlight the health benefits of B. monnieri extracts (BME), focusing on anti-cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the clinical studies on phytochemistry and pharmacological application of BME. We further highlighted the mechanism of action of these extracts in varying types of cancer and their therapeutic implications. In addition, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism in therapeutic interventions, toxicities, safety concerns and synergistic potential in cognition and neuroprotection. Overall, this review provides deeper insights into the therapeutic implications of Brahmi as a lead formulation for treating neurological disorders and exerting cognitive-enhancing effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Fatima
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Wafaa M. Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Wagner K, Unger L, Salman MM, Kitchen P, Bill RM, Yool AJ. Signaling Mechanisms and Pharmacological Modulators Governing Diverse Aquaporin Functions in Human Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1388. [PMID: 35163313 PMCID: PMC8836214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small integral membrane proteins that facilitate the bidirectional transport of water across biological membranes in response to osmotic pressure gradients as well as enable the transmembrane diffusion of small neutral solutes (such as urea, glycerol, and hydrogen peroxide) and ions. AQPs are expressed throughout the human body. Here, we review their key roles in fluid homeostasis, glandular secretions, signal transduction and sensation, barrier function, immunity and inflammation, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Evidence from a wide variety of studies now supports a view of the functions of AQPs being much more complex than simply mediating the passive flow of water across biological membranes. The discovery and development of small-molecule AQP inhibitors for research use and therapeutic development will lead to new insights into the basic biology of and novel treatments for the wide range of AQP-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wagner
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Lucas Unger
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (L.U.); (P.K.)
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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Charlestin V, Fulkerson D, Arias Matus CE, Walker ZT, Carthy K, Littlepage LE. Aquaporins: New players in breast cancer progression and treatment response. Front Oncol 2022; 12:988119. [PMID: 36212456 PMCID: PMC9532844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.988119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of small transmembrane proteins that selectively transport water and other small molecules and ions following an osmotic gradient across cell plasma membranes. This enables them to regulate numerous functions including water homeostasis, fat metabolism, proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Previous structural and functional studies highlight a strong biological relationship between AQP protein expression, localization, and key biological functions in normal and cancer tissues, where aberrant AQP expression correlates with tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this review, we discuss the roles of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP7 in breast cancer progression and metastasis, including the role of AQPs in the tumor microenvironment, to highlight potential contributions of stromal-derived to epithelial-derived AQPs to breast cancer. Emerging evidence identifies AQPs as predictors of response to cancer therapy and as targets for increasing their sensitivity to treatment. However, these studies have not evaluated the requirements for protein structure on AQP function within the context of breast cancer. We also examine how AQPs contribute to a patient's response to cancer treatment, existing AQP inhibitors and how AQPs could serve as novel predictive biomarkers of therapy response in breast cancer. Future studies also should evaluate AQP redundancy and compensation as mechanisms used to overcome aberrant AQP function. This review highlights the need for additional research into how AQPs contribute molecularly to therapeutic resistance and by altering the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verodia Charlestin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Daniel Fulkerson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Carlos E Arias Matus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States.,Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla, Pue, Mexico
| | - Zachary T Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Carthy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
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14
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Varricchio A, Ramesh SA, Yool AJ. Novel Ion Channel Targets and Drug Delivery Tools for Controlling Glioblastoma Cell Invasiveness. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111909. [PMID: 34769339 PMCID: PMC8584308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprising more than half of all brain tumors, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a leading cause of brain cancer-related deaths worldwide. A major clinical challenge is presented by the capacity of glioma cells to rapidly infiltrate healthy brain parenchyma, allowing the cancer to escape control by localized surgical resections and radiotherapies, and promoting recurrence in other brain regions. We propose that therapies which target cellular motility pathways could be used to slow tumor dispersal, providing a longer time window for administration of frontline treatments needed to directly eradicate the primary tumors. An array of signal transduction pathways are known to be involved in controlling cellular motility. Aquaporins (AQPs) and voltage-gated ion channels are prime candidates as pharmacological targets to restrain cell migration in glioblastoma. Published work has demonstrated AQPs 1, 4 and 9, as well as voltage-gated potassium, sodium and calcium channels, chloride channels, and acid-sensing ion channels are expressed in GBM and can influence processes of cell volume change, extracellular matrix degradation, cytoskeletal reorganization, lamellipodial and filopodial extension, and turnover of cell-cell adhesions and focal assembly sites. The current gap in knowledge is the identification of optimal combinations of targets, inhibitory agents, and drug delivery systems that will allow effective intervention with minimal side effects in the complex environment of the brain, without disrupting finely tuned activities of neuro-glial networks. Based on published literature, we propose that co-treatments using AQP inhibitors in addition to other therapies could increase effectiveness, overcoming some limitations inherent in current strategies that are focused on single mechanisms. An emerging interest in nanobodies as drug delivery systems could be instrumental for achieving the selective delivery of combinations of agents aimed at multiple key targets, which could enhance success in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alanah Varricchio
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Sunita A. Ramesh
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- School of Biomedicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Montiel V, Bella R, Michel LYM, Esfahani H, De Mulder D, Robinson EL, Deglasse JP, Tiburcy M, Chow PH, Jonas JC, Gilon P, Steinhorn B, Michel T, Beauloye C, Bertrand L, Farah C, Dei Zotti F, Debaix H, Bouzin C, Brusa D, Horman S, Vanoverschelde JL, Bergmann O, Gilis D, Rooman M, Ghigo A, Geninatti-Crich S, Yool A, Zimmermann WH, Roderick HL, Devuyst O, Balligand JL. Inhibition of aquaporin-1 prevents myocardial remodeling by blocking the transmembrane transport of hydrogen peroxide. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/564/eaay2176. [PMID: 33028705 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pathological remodeling of the myocardium has long been known to involve oxidant signaling, but strategies using systemic antioxidants have generally failed to prevent it. We sought to identify key regulators of oxidant-mediated cardiac hypertrophy amenable to targeted pharmacological therapy. Specific isoforms of the aquaporin water channels have been implicated in oxidant sensing, but their role in heart muscle is unknown. RNA sequencing from human cardiac myocytes revealed that the archetypal AQP1 is a major isoform. AQP1 expression correlates with the severity of hypertrophic remodeling in patients with aortic stenosis. The AQP1 channel was detected at the plasma membrane of human and mouse cardiac myocytes from hypertrophic hearts, where it colocalized with NADPH oxidase-2 and caveolin-3. We show that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), produced extracellularly, is necessary for the hypertrophic response of isolated cardiac myocytes and that AQP1 facilitates the transmembrane transport of H2O2 through its water pore, resulting in activation of oxidant-sensitive kinases in cardiac myocytes. Structural analysis of the amino acid residues lining the water pore of AQP1 supports its permeation by H2O2 Deletion of Aqp1 or selective blockade of the AQP1 intrasubunit pore inhibited H2O2 transport in mouse and human cells and rescued the myocyte hypertrophy in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived engineered heart muscle. Treatment of mice with a clinically approved AQP1 inhibitor, Bacopaside, attenuated cardiac hypertrophy. We conclude that cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by the transmembrane transport of H2O2 by the water channel AQP1 and that inhibitors of AQP1 represent new possibilities for treating hypertrophic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Montiel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ramona Bella
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lauriane Y M Michel
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hrag Esfahani
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Mulder
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Philippe Deglasse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition (EDIN), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pak Hin Chow
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jean-Christophe Jonas
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition (EDIN), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition (EDIN), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Steinhorn
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2115, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 2115, USA
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Farah
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Flavia Dei Zotti
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Huguette Debaix
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Nephrology (NEFR), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- 2IP-IREC Imaging Platform, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Brusa
- Flow Cytometry Platform, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pole of Cardiovascular Research (CARD), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olaf Bergmann
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Gilis
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (3BIO-BioInfo), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (3BIO-BioInfo), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università di Torino, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Wolfram H Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Devuyst
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Nephrology (NEFR), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Institute of Physiology, University of Zürich, CH 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Cliniques Universitaires St Luc and Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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16
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Tomita Y, Smith E, Palethorpe HM, Nakhjavani M, Yeo KKL, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Yool AJ, Hardingham JE. In Vitro Synergistic Inhibition of HT-29 Proliferation and 2H-11 and HUVEC Tubulogenesis by Bacopaside I and II Is Associated with Ca 2+ Flux and Loss of Plasma Membrane Integrity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050436. [PMID: 34066415 PMCID: PMC8148107 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously showed how triterpene saponin bacopaside (bac) II, purified from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri, induced cell death in colorectal cancer cell lines and reduced endothelial cell migration and tube formation, and further demonstrated a synergistic effect of a combination of bac I and bac II on the inhibition of breast cancer cell line growth. Here, we assessed the effects of bac I and II on the colorectal cancer HT-29 cell line, and mouse (2H-11) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines, measuring outcomes including cell viability, proliferation, migration, tube formation, apoptosis, cytosolic Ca2+ levels and plasma membrane integrity. Combined bac I and II, each applied at concentrations below IC50 values, caused a synergistic reduction of the viability and proliferation of HT-29 and endothelial cells, and impaired the migration of HT-29 and tube formation of endothelial cells. A significant enhancement of apoptosis was induced only in HUVEC, although an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ was detected in all three cell lines. Plasma membrane integrity was compromised in 2H-11 and HUVEC, as determined by an increase in propidium iodide staining, which was preceded by Ca2+ flux. These in vitro findings support further research into the mechanisms of action of the combined compounds for potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tomita
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8222-7096
| | - Eric Smith
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Helen M. Palethorpe
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Maryam Nakhjavani
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Kenny K. L. Yeo
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Amanda R. Townsend
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Timothy J. Price
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Andrea J. Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
| | - Jennifer E. Hardingham
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia; (E.S.); (H.M.P.); (M.N.); (K.K.L.Y.); (A.R.T.); (T.J.P.); (J.E.H.)
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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17
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Huangteerakul C, Aung HM, Thosapornvichai T, Duangkaew M, Jensen AN, Sukrong S, Ingkaninan K, Jensen LT. Chemical-Genetic Interactions of Bacopa monnieri Constituents in Cells Deficient for the DNA Repair Endonuclease RAD1 Appear Linked to Vacuolar Disruption. Molecules 2021; 26:1207. [PMID: 33668176 PMCID: PMC7956252 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a common cancer worldwide and reduced expression of the DNA repair endonuclease XPF (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group F) is associated with colorectal cancer. Bacopa monnieri extracts were previously found to exhibit chemical-genetic synthetic lethal effects in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model of colorectal cancer lacking Rad1p, a structural and functional homologue of human XPF. However, the mechanisms for B. monnieri extracts to limit proliferation and promote an apoptosis-like event in RAD1 deleted yeast was not elucidated. Our current analysis has revealed that B. monnieri extracts have the capacity to promote mutations in rad1∆ cells. In addition, the effects of B. monnieri extracts on rad1∆ yeast is linked to disruption of the vacuole, similar to the mammalian lysosome. The absence of RAD1 in yeast sensitizes cells to the effects of vacuole disruption and the release of proteases. The combined effect of increased DNA mutations and release of vacuolar contents appears to induce an apoptosis-like event that is dependent on the meta-caspase Yca1p. The toxicity of B. monnieri extracts is linked to sterol content, suggesting saponins may be involved in limiting the proliferation of yeast cells. Analysis of major constituents from B. monnieri identified a chemical-genetic interaction between bacopasaponin C and rad1∆ yeast. Bacopasaponin C may have potential as a drug candidate or serve as a model for the development of analogs for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chananya Huangteerakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (H.M.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Hsu Mon Aung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (H.M.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Thitipa Thosapornvichai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (H.M.A.); (T.T.)
| | - Marisa Duangkaew
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Amornrat Naranuntarat Jensen
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Research Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Kornkanok Ingkaninan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
| | - Laran T. Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (C.H.); (H.M.A.); (T.T.)
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18
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Huo Z, Lomora M, Kym U, Palivan C, Holland-Cunz SG, Gros SJ. AQP1 Is Up-Regulated by Hypoxia and Leads to Increased Cell Water Permeability, Motility, and Migration in Neuroblastoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:605272. [PMID: 33644043 PMCID: PMC7905035 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.605272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) has been implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. It is hypothesized that AQP1 expression can facilitate the transmembrane water transport leading to changes in cell structure that promote migration. Its impact in neuroblastoma has not been addressed so far. The objectives of this study have been to determine whether AQP1 expression in neuroblastoma is dependent on hypoxia, to demonstrate whether AQP1 is functionally relevant for migration, and to further define AQP1-dependent properties of the migrating cells. This was determined by investigating the reaction of neuroblastoma cell lines, particularly SH-SY5Y, Kelly, SH-EP Tet-21/N and SK-N-BE(2)-M17 to hypoxia, quantitating the AQP1-related water permeability by stopped-flow spectroscopy, and studying the migration-related properties of the cells in a modified transwell assay. We find that AQP1 expression in neuroblastoma cells is up-regulated by hypoxic conditions, and that increased AQP1 expression enabled the cells to form a phenotype which is associated with migratory properties and increased cell agility. This suggests that the hypoxic tumor microenvironment is the trigger for some tumor cells to transition to a migratory phenotype. We demonstrate that migrating tumor cell express elevated AQP1 levels and a hypoxic biochemical phenotype. Our experiments strongly suggest that elevated AQP1 might be a key driver in transitioning stable tumor cells to migrating tumor cells in a hypoxic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Huo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Kym
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Palivan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan G Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie J Gros
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Targeting Aquaporins in Novel Therapies for Male and Female Breast and Reproductive Cancers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020215. [PMID: 33499000 PMCID: PMC7911300 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are membrane channels in the broad family of major intrinsic proteins (MIPs), with 13 classes showing tissue-specific distributions in humans. As key physiological modulators of water and solute homeostasis, mutations, and dysfunctions involving aquaporins have been associated with pathologies in all major organs. Increases in aquaporin expression are associated with greater severity of many cancers, particularly in augmenting motility and invasiveness for example in colon cancers and glioblastoma. However, potential roles of altered aquaporin (AQP) function in reproductive cancers have been understudied to date. Published work reviewed here shows distinct classes aquaporin have differential roles in mediating cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis. Known mechanisms of action of AQPs in other tissues are proving relevant to understanding reproductive cancers. Emerging patterns show AQPs 1, 3, and 5 in particular are highly expressed in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, consistent with their gene regulation by estrogen response elements, and AQPs 3 and 9 in particular are linked with prostate cancer. Continuing work is defining avenues for pharmacological targeting of aquaporins as potential therapies to reduce female and male reproductive cancer cell growth and invasiveness.
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20
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Ghosh S, Khanam R, Acharya Chowdhury A. The Evolving Roles of Bacopa monnieri as Potential Anti-Cancer Agent: A Review. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:2166-2176. [PMID: 33148034 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1841248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The intermingled interrelationship of Bacopa monnieri and human health dates backs to the ancient times in the history of ayurveda making the plant an enriched source of alternative drug development in a nontoxic manner. In recent years, research on the biological effects of Bacopa monnieri has flourished as promising neuroprotective, memory boosting and more importantly as both chemopreventive and anti-neoplastic agent. Each naturally synthesized chemical constituent identified from Bacopa monnieri leaf extract with different solvents, has significant anti-metastatic, anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative activity on different type of cancer cells. In this context, a substantial literature survey allows a deep understanding of the involvement of specific bioactive molecules along with the whole plant extract of Bacopa monnieri with their divergent effective molecular pathways. This comprehensive review covers literature up to the year 2020 highlighting all the anticancer efficacy along with signaling pathways activated by secondary metabolites found in bacopa plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeepa Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rahmat Khanam
- Department of Biotechnology, JIS University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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21
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Chow PH, Bowen J, Yool AJ. Combined Systematic Review and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mammalian Aquaporin Classes 1 to 10 as Biomarkers and Prognostic Indicators in Diverse Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1911. [PMID: 32679804 PMCID: PMC7409285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) channels enable regulated transport of water and solutes essential for fluid homeostasis, but they are gaining attention as targets for anticancer therapies. Patterns of AQP expression and survival rates for patients were evaluated by systematic review (PubMed and Embase) and transcriptomic analyses of RNAseq data (Human Protein Atlas database). Meta-analyses confirmed predominantly negative associations between AQP protein and RNA expression levels and patient survival times, most notably for AQP1 in lung, breast and prostate cancers; AQP3 in esophageal, liver and breast cancers; and AQP9 in liver cancer. Patterns of AQP expression were clustered for groups of cancers and associated with risk of death. A quantitative transcriptomic analysis of AQP1-10 in human cancer biopsies similarly showed that increased transcript levels of AQPs 1, 3, 5 and 9 were most frequently associated with poor survival. Unexpectedly, increased AQP7 and AQP8 levels were associated with better survival times in glioma, ovarian and endometrial cancers, and increased AQP11 with better survival in colorectal and breast cancers. Although molecular mechanisms of aquaporins in pathology or protection remain to be fully defined, results here support the hypothesis that overexpression of selected classes of AQPs differentially augments cancer progression. Beyond fluid homeostasis, potential roles for AQPs in cancers (suggested from an expanding appreciation of their functions in normal tissues) include cell motility, membrane process extension, transport of signaling molecules, control of proliferation and apoptosis, increased mechanical compliance, and gas exchange. AQP expression also has been linked to differences in sensitivity to chemotherapy treatments, suggesting possible roles as biomarkers for personalized treatments. Development of AQP pharmacological modulators, administered in cancer-specific combinations, might inspire new interventions for controlling malignant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; (P.H.C.); (J.B.)
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Chow PH, Kourghi M, Pei JV, Nourmohammadi S, Yool AJ. 5-Hydroxymethyl-Furfural and Structurally Related Compounds Block the Ion Conductance in Human Aquaporin-1 Channels and Slow Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:38-48. [PMID: 32434851 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) dual water and ion channels enhance migration and invasion when upregulated in leading edges of certain classes of cancer cells. Work here identifies structurally related furan compounds as novel inhibitors of AQP1 ion channels. 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF), a component of natural medicinal honeys, and three structurally related compounds, 5-nitro-2-furoic acid (5NFA), 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5AMF), and methyl-5-nitro-2-furoate (M5NF), were analyzed for effects on water and ion channel activities of human AQP1 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Two-electrode voltage clamp showed dose-dependent block of the AQP1 ion current by 5HMF (IC50 0.43 mM), 5NFA (IC50 1.2 mM), and 5AMF (IC50 ∼3 mM) but no inhibition by M5NF. In silico docking predicted the active ligands interacted with glycine 165, located in loop D gating domains surrounding the intracellular vestibule of the tetrameric central pore. Water fluxes through separate intrasubunit pores were unaltered by the furan compounds (at concentrations up to 5 mM). Effects on cell migration, invasion, and cytoskeletal organization in vitro were tested in high-AQP1-expressing cancer lines, colon cancer (HT29) and AQP1-expressing breast cancer (MDA), and low-AQP1-expressing SW480. 5HMF, 5NFA, and 5AMF selectively impaired cell motility in the AQP1-enriched cell lines. In contrast, M5NF immobilized all the cancer lines by disrupting actin cytoskeleton. No reduction in cell viability was observed at doses that were effective in blocking motility. These results define furans as a new class of AQP1 ion channel inhibitors for basic research and potential lead compounds for development of therapeutic agents targeting aquaporin channel activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5HMF), a component of natural medicinal honeys, blocks the ion conductance but not the water flux through human Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels and impairs AQP1-dependent cell migration and invasiveness in cancer cell lines. Analyses of 5HMT and structural analogs demonstrate a structure-activity relationship for furan compounds, supported by in silico docking modeling. This work identifies new low-cost pharmacological antagonists for AQP1 available to researchers internationally. Furans merit consideration as a new class of therapeutic agents for controlling cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pak Hin Chow
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (P.H.C., M.K., J.V.P., S.N., A.J.Y.) and College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (J.V.P.)
| | - Mohamad Kourghi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (P.H.C., M.K., J.V.P., S.N., A.J.Y.) and College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (J.V.P.)
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (P.H.C., M.K., J.V.P., S.N., A.J.Y.) and College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (J.V.P.)
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (P.H.C., M.K., J.V.P., S.N., A.J.Y.) and College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (J.V.P.)
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia (P.H.C., M.K., J.V.P., S.N., A.J.Y.) and College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (J.V.P.)
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Bhandari P, Sendri N, Devidas SB. Dammarane triterpenoid glycosides in Bacopa monnieri: A review on chemical diversity and bioactivity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112276. [PMID: 32058865 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri (L.) is a reputed medicinal herb in traditional system of medicine of India, where it is used as nervine tonic to sharpen intellect and memory. This review discusses chemical characterization of dammarane triterpenoid glycosides which are well accepted for improvement in memory and for potential pharmacological activities. In addition, this review provides information on the chemical composition of specialized metabolites of B. monnieri and in the formulations by different analytical techniques. This comprehensive review covers literature up to 2019 with an emphasis on structural characterization of dammarane triterpenoid glycosides by spectroscopic techniques, chemical composition by analytical methods and pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamita Bhandari
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India.
| | - Nitisha Sendri
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Shinde Bhagatsing Devidas
- Natural Product Chemistry & Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
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24
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Yool AJ, Ramesh S. Molecular Targets for Combined Therapeutic Strategies to Limit Glioblastoma Cell Migration and Invasion. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:358. [PMID: 32292341 PMCID: PMC7118801 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly invasive nature of glioblastoma imposes poor prospects for patient survival. Molecular evidence indicates glioblastoma cells undergo an intriguing expansion of phenotypic properties to include neuron-like signaling using excitable membrane ion channels and synaptic proteins, augmenting survival and motility. Neurotransmitter receptors, membrane signaling, excitatory receptors, and Ca2+ responses are important candidates for the design of customized treatments for cancers within the heterogeneous central nervous system. Relatively few published studies of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have evaluated pharmacological agents targeted to signaling pathways in limiting cancer cell motility. Transcriptomic analyses here identified classes of ion channels, ionotropic receptors, and synaptic proteins that are enriched in human glioblastoma biopsy samples. The pattern of GBM-enriched gene expression points to a major role for glutamate signaling. However, the predominant role of AMPA receptors in fast excitatory signaling throughout the central nervous system raises a challenge on how to target inhibitors selectively to cancer cells while maintaining tolerability. This review critically evaluates a panel of ligand- and voltage-gated ion channels and synaptic proteins upregulated in GBM, and the evidence for their potential roles in the pathological disease progress. Evidence suggests combinations of therapies could be more effective than single agents alone. Natural plant products used in traditional medicines for the treatment of glioblastoma contain flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols, epigallocatechin gallate, quinones, and saponins, which might serendipitously include agents that modulate some classes of signaling compounds highlighted in this review. New therapeutic strategies are likely to exploit evidence-based combinations of selected agents, each at a low dose, to create new cancer cell-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sunita Ramesh
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Wei H, Gao WS, Qi L, Jia L, Qu YJ, Yue SW, Zhang Y. Effect of cGMP-activated aquaporin 1 on TRPV4 in rats with allodynia induced by chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion. Neurosci Lett 2019; 716:134630. [PMID: 31790718 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) knockdown on allodynia in rats with chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the role of TRPV4 in these effects. METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglia (CCD) via surgery. Behavioral tests were performed to calculate the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT). Gene silence was induced by injecting rats with lentivirus expressing AQP1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA, Lv-shAQP1). Western blot analyses were performed to examine AQP1 and TRPV4 protein expression. The concentration of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AQP1 protein levels in DRG neurons were significantly increased in CCD rats and were accompanied by a decrease in the PWMT. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference of AQP1 decreased AQP1 protein expression in CCD rats and normalized their PWMT, but not in rats infected with lentivirus-expressing negative control short hairpin RNA. Furthermore, AQP1 was identified as a cGMP-gated channel. cGMP concentration was upregulated in CCD rats. This effect was attenuated by treatment with a cGMP inhibitor. Additionally, the cGMP inhibitor decreased the mechanical allodynia and AQP1 protein expression in CCD rats. Finally, levels of TRPV4 expression were upregulated in DRG neurons and the L4/L5 spinal cord following surgery, and these effects were reversed by treatment with Lv-shAQP1 or a cGMP inhibitor. CONCLUSION AQP1 plays a vital role in CCD-induced allodynia as Lv-shAQP1 significantly reduced the allodynia in CCD rats by inhibiting TRPV4 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Wen-Shuang Gao
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Lei Jia
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Yu-Juan Qu
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Shou-Wei Yue
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
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26
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Palethorpe HM, Smith E, Tomita Y, Nakhjavani M, Yool AJ, Price TJ, Young JP, Townsend AR, Hardingham JE. Bacopasides I and II Act in Synergy to Inhibit the Growth, Migration and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2019; 24:E3539. [PMID: 31574930 PMCID: PMC6803832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopaside (bac) I and II are triterpene saponins purified from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri. Previously, we showed that bac II reduced endothelial cell migration and tube formation and induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of treatment with combined doses of bac I and bac II using four cell lines representative of the breast cancer subtypes: triple negative (MDA-MB-231), estrogen receptor positive (T47D and MCF7) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive (BT-474). Drug treatment outcome measures included cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays. Relationships were analysed by one- and two-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis. Combined doses of bac I and bac II, each below their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50), were synergistic and reduced the viability and proliferation of the four breast cancer cell lines. Cell loss occurred at the highest dose combinations and was associated with G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Migration in the scratch wound assay was significantly reduced at apoptosis-inducing combinations, but also at non-cytotoxic combinations, for MDA-MB-231 and T47D (p < 0.0001) and BT-474 (p = 0.0003). Non-cytotoxic combinations also significantly reduced spheroid invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells by up to 97% (p < 0.0001). Combining bac I and II below their IC50 reduced the viability, proliferation, and migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cell lines, suggesting synergy between bac I and II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Palethorpe
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Eric Smith
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Maryam Nakhjavani
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Price
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Joanne P Young
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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27
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De Ieso ML, Pei JV, Nourmohammadi S, Smith E, Chow PH, Kourghi M, Hardingham JE, Yool AJ. Combined pharmacological administration of AQP1 ion channel blocker AqB011 and water channel blocker Bacopaside II amplifies inhibition of colon cancer cell migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12635. [PMID: 31477744 PMCID: PMC6718670 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) has been proposed as a dual water and cation channel that when upregulated in cancers enhances cell migration rates; however, the mechanism remains unknown. Previous work identified AqB011 as an inhibitor of the gated human AQP1 cation conductance, and bacopaside II as a blocker of AQP1 water pores. In two colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines, high levels of AQP1 transcript were confirmed in HT29, and low levels in SW480 cells, by quantitative PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Comparable differences in membrane AQP1 protein levels were demonstrated by immunofluorescence imaging. Migration rates were quantified using circular wound closure assays and live-cell tracking. AqB011 and bacopaside II, applied in combination, produced greater inhibitory effects on cell migration than did either agent alone. The high efficacy of AqB011 alone and in combination with bacopaside II in slowing HT29 cell motility correlated with abundant membrane localization of AQP1 protein. In SW480, neither agent alone was effective in blocking cell motility; however, combined application did cause inhibition of motility, consistent with low levels of membrane AQP1 expression. Bacopaside alone or combined with AqB011 also significantly impaired lamellipodial formation in both cell lines. Knockdown of AQP1 with siRNA (confirmed by quantitative PCR) reduced the effectiveness of the combined inhibitors, confirming AQP1 as a target of action. Invasiveness measured using transwell filters layered with extracellular matrix in both cell lines was inhibited by AqB011, with a greater potency in HT29 than SW480. A side effect of bacopaside II at high doses was a potentiation of invasiveness, that was reversed by AqB011. Results here are the first to demonstrate that combined block of the AQP1 ion channel and water pores is more potent in impairing motility across diverse classes of colon cancer cells than single agents alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L De Ieso
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Oncology Department, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Pak Hin Chow
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Mohamad Kourghi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Oncology Department, The Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia.
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Sekhar VC, Viswanathan G, Baby S. Insights Into the Molecular Aspects of Neuroprotective Bacoside A and Bacopaside I. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:438-446. [PMID: 29676230 PMCID: PMC6520587 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180419123022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri, commonly known as Brahmi, has been extensively used as a neuromedicine for various disorders such as anxiety, depression and memory loss. Chemical characterization studies revealed the major active constituents of the herb as the triterpenoid saponins, bacosides. Bacoside A, the vital neuroprotective constituent, is composed of four constituents viz., bacoside A3, bacopaside II, jujubogenin isomer of bacopasaponin C (bacopaside X) and bacopasaponin C. B. monnieri extracts as well as bacosides successfully establish a healthy antioxidant environment in various tissues especially in the liver and brain. Free radical scavenging, suppression of lipid peroxidation and activation of antioxidant enzymes by bacosides help to attain a physiological state of minimized oxidative stress. The molecular basis of neuroprotective activity of bacosides is attributed to the regulation of mRNA translation and surface expression of neuroreceptors such as AMPAR, NMDAR and GABAR in the various parts of the brain. Bioavailability as well as binding of neuroprotective agents (such as bacosides) to these receptors is controlled by the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). However, nano conversion of these drug candidates easily resolves the BBB restriction and carries a promising role in future therapies. This review summarizes the neuroprotective functions of B. monnieri extracts as well as its active compounds (bacoside A, bacopaside I) and the molecular mechanisms responsible for these pharmacological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vini C Sekhar
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Gayathri Viswanathan
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Sabulal Baby
- Phytochemistry and Phytopharmacology Division, Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Pacha-Palode 695562, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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29
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Nakhjavani M, Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, Smith E, Price TJ, Yool AJ, Pei JV, Townsend AR, Hardingham JE. Stereoselective Anti-Cancer Activities of Ginsenoside Rg3 on Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Models. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E117. [PMID: 31374984 PMCID: PMC6789838 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has two epimers, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (SRg3) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (RRg3), and while Rg3 itself has been reported to have anti-cancer properties, few studies have been reported on the anti-cancer effects of the different epimers. The aim was to investigate the stereoselective effects of the Rg3 epimers on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines, tested using cell-based assays for proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, migration and invasion. Molecular docking showed that Rg3 interacted with the aquaporin 1 (AQP1) water channel (binding score -9.4 kJ mol-1). The Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system was used to study the effect of Rg3 epimers on the AQP1 water permeability. The AQP1 expression in TNBC cell lines was compared with quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that only SRg3 inhibited the AQP1 water flux and inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 (100 μM), due to cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. SRg3 inhibited the chemoattractant-induced migration of MDA-MB-231. The AQP1 expression in MDA-MB-231 was higher than in HCC1143 or DU4475 cell lines. These results suggest a role for AQP1 in the proliferation and chemoattractant-induced migration of this cell line. Compared to SRg3, RRg3 had more potency and efficacy, inhibiting the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231. Rg3 has stereoselective anti-cancer effects in the AQP1 high-expressing cell line MDA-MB-231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Nakhjavani
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Helen M Palethorpe
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Eric Smith
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Timothy J Price
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
- Oncology Unit, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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30
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Shu C, Shu Y, Gao Y, Chi H, Han J. Inhibitory effect of AQP1 silencing on adhesion and angiogenesis in ectopic endometrial cells of mice with endometriosis through activating the Wnt signaling pathway. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2026-2039. [PMID: 31251110 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1637202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development mechanism of endometriosis remains unknown. Water channel aquaporin-1 (AQP1) enhances water flux across cell membranes, which is highly expressed and associated with cell migration, metastasis and angiogenesis in some human cancers. In this study, the role of the Wnt signaling pathway mediated by AQP1 in endometriosis was investigated, in a bid to provide new therapeutic targets for endometriosis. Microarray expression profiles were screened to acquired differentially expressed genes related to endometriosis. Mouse models with endometriosis were established and grouped. The level of endometriosis was evaluated by measurement of the volume of ectopic region. The expression of AQP1, pathway-related factors (Wnt1 and Wnt4), adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), invasive factors (MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2), angiogenic factors (VEGF-A, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) and apoptotic factors (Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Bax and BcL-2) was measured by RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, the role of AQP1 in adhesion, invasion, angiogenesis, and apoptosis of ectopic endometrial cells was determined by transfection of si-AQP1 plasmid. AQP1 was robustly expressed in endometriosis. AQP1 gene silencing alleviated the progression of endometriosis by activating the Wnt signaling pathway in mice with endometriosis. Specifically, silencing of AQP1 gene inhibited ectopic endometrial cell adhesion and invasion abilities, suppressed angiogenesis while promoted apoptosis. Collectively, the present study highlights the role of AQP1 in the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway in endometriosis mouse models, suggesting that AQP1 could represent a new target aimed at improving the survival of patients with endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Yang Shu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Gao
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Hui Chi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
| | - Jun Han
- b Department of Neonatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun , P.R. China
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Chen C, Wang S, Chen J, Liu X, Zhang M, Wang X, Xu W, Zhang Y, Li H, Pan X, Si M. Escin suppresses HMGB1-induced overexpression of aquaporin-1 and increased permeability in endothelial cells. FEBS Open Bio 2019; 9:891-900. [PMID: 30972964 PMCID: PMC6487832 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Escin, a natural triterpene saponin mixture obtained from the horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum), has been used for the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), hemorrhoids, and edema. However, it is unclear how escin protects against endothelial barrier dysfunction induced by pro‐inflammatory high mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1). Here, we report that escin can suppress (a) HMGB1‐induced overexpression of the aquaporin‐1 (AQP1) water channel in endothelial cells and (b) HMGB1‐induced increases in endothelial cell permeability. This is the first report that escin inhibits AQP1 and alleviates barrier dysfunction in HMGB1‐induced inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Songgang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiying Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health, the State Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health, the State Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Pan
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Si
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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32
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Pei JV, Heng S, De Ieso ML, Sylvia G, Kourghi M, Nourmohammadi S, Abell AD, Yool AJ. Development of a Photoswitchable Lithium-Sensitive Probe to Analyze Nonselective Cation Channel Activity in Migrating Cancer Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:573-583. [PMID: 30858164 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.115428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first work to use a newly designed Li+-selective photoswitchable probe Sabrina Heng Lithium (SHL) in living colon cancer cells to noninvasively monitor cation channel activity in real time by the appearance of lithium hot spots detected by confocal microscopy. Punctate Li+ hot spots are clustered in the lamellipodial leading edges of HT29 human colon cancer cells and are colocalized with aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels. AQP1 is a dual water and cyclic-nucleotide-gated cation channel located in lamellipodia and is essential for rapid cell migration in a subset of aggressive cancers. Both the Li+ hot spots and cell migration are blocked in HT29 cells by the AQP1 ion channel antagonist AqB011. In contrast, Li+ hot spots are not evident in a poorly migrating colon cancer cell line, SW620, which lacks comparable membrane expression of AQP1. Knockdown of AQP1 by RNA interference in HT29 cells significantly impairs Li+ hot spot activity. The SHL probe loaded in living cells shows signature chemical properties of ionic selectivity and reversibility. Dynamic properties of the Li+ hot spots, turning on and off, are confirmed by time-lapse imaging. SHL is a powerful tool for evaluating cation channel function in living cells in real time, with particular promise for studies of motile cells or interlinked networks not easily analyzed by electrophysiological methods. The ability to reset SHL by photoswitching allows monitoring of dynamic signals over time. Future applications of the Li+ probe could include high-throughput optical screening for discovering new classes of channels, or finding new pharmacological modulators for nonselective cation channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sabrina Heng
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael L De Ieso
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Georgina Sylvia
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mohamad Kourghi
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, and the Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing (IPAS) (J.V.P., M.D.I., M.K., S.N., A.J.Y.) and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, IPAS, School of Physical Sciences (S.H., G.S., A.D.A.), University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhang X, Heng S, Pei J, Morey JR, McDevitt CA, Abell AD. A Liposomal Platform for Sensing of Extracellular Analytes Near Cells. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8040117. [PMID: 30486256 PMCID: PMC6315562 DOI: 10.3390/bios8040117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-permeable fluorescent chemosensors (calcein, monochlorobimane, and a recently reported spiropyran-based sensor SP2) have been incorporated into yeast total lipid extract-based liposomes to suppress inherent cell permeability to allow the detection of extracellular Ca2+, GSH, and Zn2+, respectively. The repurposed sensors have enhanced aqueous solubility and the ability to quantitatively measure biologically relevant concentrations of Ca2+ (0.25 mM–1 mM), Zn2+ (6.25 µM–50 µM), and GSH (0.25 mM–1 mM) by fluorescence in aqueous media. In addition, the liposomal sensors are nontoxic to HEK293 cells and have the ability to detect exogenously added Zn2+ (1 mM), Ca2+ (1 mM), or GSH (1 mM) near cells without internalisation. This new sensing platform provides a means to repurpose a range of intracellular fluorescent sensors to specifically detect extracellular analytes, while also improving biocompatibility for overall enhanced use in a wide range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Sabrina Heng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jinxin Pei
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jacqueline R Morey
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Christopher A McDevitt
- Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
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An accurate and cost-effective alternative method for measuring cell migration with the circular wound closure assay. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180698. [PMID: 30232234 PMCID: PMC6209583 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is important in many physiological and pathological processes. Mechanisms of two-dimensional cell migration have been investigated most commonly by evaluating rates of cell migration into linearly scratched zones on the surfaces of culture plates. Here, we present a detailed description of a simple adaptation for the well-known and popular wound closure assay, using a circular wound instead of a straight line. This method demonstrates improved precision, reproducibility, and sampling objectivity for measurements of wound sizes as compared with classic scratch assays, enabling more accurate calculations of migration rate. The added benefits of the method are simplicity and low cost as compared with commercially available assays for generating circular wounds.
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Fadaei Naeini V, Foroutan M, Maddah M, Rémond Y, Baniassadi M. Determinative factors in inhibition of aquaporin by different pharmaceuticals: Atomic scale overview by molecular dynamics simulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2815-2823. [PMID: 30251670 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of water permeation through aquaporins by ligands of pharmaceutical compounds is considered as a method to control the cell lifetime. The inhibition of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) by bacopaside-I and torsemide, was explored and its atomistic nature was elucidated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation collectively along with Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (PBSA) method. Docking results revealed that torsemide has a lower level of docking energy in comparison with bacopaside-I at the cytoplasmic side. Furthermore, the effect of steric constraints on water permeation was accentuated. Bacopaside-I inhibits the channel properly due to the strong interaction with the channel and larger spatial volume, whereas torsemide blocks the cytoplasmic side of the channel imperfectly. The most probable active sites of AQP1 for the formation of hydrogen bonds between the inhibitor and the channel were identified by numerical analysis of the bonds. Eventually, free energy assessments indicate that binding of both inhibitors is favorable in complex with AQP1, and van der Waals interaction has an important contribution in stabilizing the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Fadaei Naeini
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masumeh Foroutan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Maddah
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yves Rémond
- University of Strasbourg, ICube laboratory/CNRS, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Majid Baniassadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; University of Strasbourg, ICube laboratory/CNRS, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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36
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Aung HM, Huangteerakul C, Panvongsa W, Jensen AN, Chairoungdua A, Sukrong S, Jensen LT. Interrogation of ethnomedicinal plants for synthetic lethality effects in combination with deficiency in the DNA repair endonuclease RAD1 using a yeast cell-based assay. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 223:10-21. [PMID: 29777901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plant materials used in this study were selected based on the ethnobotanical literature. Plants have either been utilized by Thai practitioners as alternative treatments for cancer or identified to exhibit anti-cancer properties. AIM OF THE STUDY To screen ethnomedicinal plants using a yeast cell-based assay for synthetic lethal interactions with cells deleted for RAD1, the yeast homologue of human ERCC4 (XPF) MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethanolic extracts from thirty-two species of medicinal plants utilized in Thai traditional medicine were screened for synthetic lethal/sick interactions using a yeast cell-based assay. Cell growth was compared between the parental strain and rad1∆ yeast following exposure to select for specific toxicity of plant extracts. Candidate extracts were further examined for the mode of action using genetic and biochemical approaches. RESULTS Screening a library of ethanolic extracts from medicinal plants identified Bacopa monnieri and Colubrina asiatica as having synthetic lethal effects in the rad1∆ cells but not the parental strain. Synthetic lethal effects for B. monneiri extracts were more apparent and this plant was examined further. Genetic analysis indicates that pro-oxidant activities and defective excision repair pathways do not significantly contribute to enhanced sensitivity to B. monneiri extracts. Exposure to B. monneiri extracts resulted in nuclear fragmentation and elevated levels of ethidium bromide staining in rad1∆ yeast suggesting promotion of an apoptosis-like event. Growth inhibition also observed in the human Caco-2 cell line suggesting the effects of B. monnieri extracts on both yeast and human cells may be similar. CONCLUSIONS B. monneiri extracts may have utility in treatment of colorectal cancers that exhibit deficiency in ERCC4 (XPF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu Mon Aung
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand
| | | | - Wittaya Panvongsa
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amornrat N Jensen
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arthit Chairoungdua
- Toxicology Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Excellent Center for Drug Discovery (ECDD), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Suchada Sukrong
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Laran T Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok Thailand.
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Portincasa P, Calamita G. Phytocompounds modulating Aquaporins: Clinical benefits are anticipated. Food Chem 2018; 274:642-650. [PMID: 30372989 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of plant-derived bioactive compounds belonging to the class of polyphenols, terpenes and capsaicinoids, interact with important pathophysiological pathways at a molecular, cellular and systemic level. Mechanisms of action include altering cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, redox balance and metabolic and energy homeostasis. These effects might also involve the expression and function of Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins, involved in several body functions. The ultimate translational beneficial effect of such phytocompounds on AQPs in health and disease is a matter of intensive research. Results might provide novel therapeutic approaches to a number of human diseases. Here, we give an updated overview of this fast growing and promising field, discussing a number of phytocompounds and their action on AQPs and related potential clinical achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
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Smith E, Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, Pei JV, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Young JP, Yool AJ, Hardingham JE. The Purified Extract from the Medicinal Plant Bacopa monnieri, Bacopaside II, Inhibits Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro by Inducing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070081. [PMID: 30037060 PMCID: PMC6070819 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin-1 (AQP1), a transmembrane pore-forming molecule, facilitates the rapid movement of water and small solutes across cell membranes. We have previously shown that bacopaside II, an extract from the medicinal herb Bacopa monnieri, blocks the AQP1 water channel and impairs migration of cells that express AQP1. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the anti-tumour potential of bacopaside II in colon cancer cells. Expression of AQP1 in HT-29, SW480, SW620 and HCT116 was determined by quantitative PCR and western immunoblot. Cells were treated with bacopaside II, and morphology, growth, autophagy, cell cycle and apoptosis assessed by time-lapse microscopy, crystal violet, acridine orange, propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V/PI staining respectively. AQP1 expression was significantly higher in HT-29 than SW480, SW620 and HCT116. Bacopaside II significantly reduced growth at ≥20 µM for HT-29 and ≥15 µM for SW480, SW620 and HCT116. Inhibition of HT-29 at 20 µM was primarily mediated by G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, and at 30 µM by G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Inhibition of SW480, SW620 and HCT116 at ≥15 µM was mediated by G2/M arrest and apoptosis. These results are the first to show that bacopaside II inhibits colon cancer cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Smith
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Helen M Palethorpe
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Price
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Joanne P Young
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia.
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Kourghi M, De Ieso ML, Nourmohammadi S, Pei JV, Yool AJ. Identification of Loop D Domain Amino Acids in the Human Aquaporin-1 Channel Involved in Activation of the Ionic Conductance and Inhibition by AqB011. Front Chem 2018; 6:142. [PMID: 29755973 PMCID: PMC5934433 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are integral proteins that facilitate the transmembrane transport of water and small solutes. In addition to enabling water flux, mammalian Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) channels activated by cyclic GMP can carry non-selective monovalent cation currents, selectively blocked by arylsulfonamide compounds AqB007 (IC50 170 μM) and AqB011 (IC50 14 μM). In silico models suggested that ligand docking might involve the cytoplasmic loop D (between AQP1 transmembrane domains 4 and 5), but the predicted site of interaction remained to be tested. Work here shows that mutagenesis of two conserved arginine residues in loop D slowed the activation of the AQP1 ion conductance and impaired the sensitivity of the channel to block by AqB011. Substitution of residues in loop D with proline showed effects on ion conductance amplitude that varied with position, suggesting that the structural conformation of loop D is important for AQP1 channel gating. Human AQP1 wild type, AQP1 mutant channels with alanines substituted for two arginines (R159A+R160A), and mutants with proline substituted for single residues threonine (T157P), aspartate (D158P), arginine (R159P, R160P), or glycine (G165P) were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Conductance responses were analyzed by two-electrode voltage clamp. Optical osmotic swelling assays and confocal microscopy were used to confirm mutant and wild type AQP1-expressing oocytes were expressed in the plasma membrane. After application of membrane-permeable cGMP, R159A+R160A channels had a significantly slower rate of activation as compared with wild type, consistent with impaired gating. AQP1 R159A+R160A channels showed no significant block by AqB011 at 50 μM, in contrast to the wild type channel which was blocked effectively. T157P, D158P, and R160P mutations had impaired activation compared to wild type; R159P showed no significant effect; and G165P appeared to augment the conductance amplitude. These findings provide evidence for the role of the loop D as a gating domain for AQP1 ion channels, and identify the likely site of interaction of AqB011 in the proximal loop D sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Kourghi
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael L De Ieso
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Aquaporin Physiology and Drug Discovery Program, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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De Ieso ML, Yool AJ. Mechanisms of Aquaporin-Facilitated Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Chem 2018; 6:135. [PMID: 29922644 PMCID: PMC5996923 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence is rising with numbers expected to increase 70% in the next two decades. The fact that current mainline treatments for cancer patients are accompanied by debilitating side effects prompts a growing demand for new therapies that not only inhibit growth and proliferation of cancer cells, but also control invasion and metastasis. One class of targets gaining international attention is the aquaporins, a family of membrane-spanning water channels with diverse physiological functions and extensive tissue-specific distributions in humans. Aquaporins−1,−2,−3,−4,−5,−8, and−9 have been linked to roles in cancer invasion, and metastasis, but their mechanisms of action remain to be fully defined. Aquaporins are implicated in the metastatic cascade in processes of angiogenesis, cellular dissociation, migration, and invasion. Cancer invasion and metastasis are proposed to be potentiated by aquaporins in boosting tumor angiogenesis, enhancing cell volume regulation, regulating cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, interacting with actin cytoskeleton, regulating proteases and extracellular-matrix degrading molecules, contributing to the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and interacting with signaling pathways enabling motility and invasion. Pharmacological modulators of aquaporin channels are being identified and tested for therapeutic potential, including compounds derived from loop diuretics, metal-containing organic compounds, plant natural products, and other small molecules. Further studies on aquaporin-dependent functions in cancer metastasis are needed to define the differential contributions of different classes of aquaporin channels to regulation of fluid balance, cell volume, small solute transport, signal transduction, their possible relevance as rate limiting steps, and potential values as therapeutic targets for invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L De Ieso
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Department of Physiology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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41
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Tesse A, Grossini E, Tamma G, Brenner C, Portincasa P, Marinelli RA, Calamita G. Aquaporins as Targets of Dietary Bioactive Phytocompounds. Front Mol Biosci 2018; 5:30. [PMID: 29721498 PMCID: PMC5915544 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2018.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived bioactive compounds have protective role for plants but may also modulate several physiological processes of plant consumers. In the last years, a wide spectrum of phytochemicals have been found to be beneficial to health interacting with molecular signaling pathways underlying critical functions such as cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, redox balance, cell volume regulation, metabolic homeostasis, and energy balance. Hence, a large number of biologically active phytocompounds of foods have been isolated, characterized, and eventually modified representing a natural source of novel molecules to prevent, delay or cure several human diseases. Aquaporins (AQPs), a family of membrane channel proteins involved in many body functions, are emerging among the targets of bioactive phytochemicals in imparting their beneficial actions. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of this fast growing topic focusing especially on what it is known on the modulatory effects played by several edible plant and herbal compounds on AQPs, both in health and disease. Phytochemical modulation of AQP expression may provide new medical treatment options to improve the prognosis of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Tesse
- Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, l'Institut du Thorax, Universitè de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University East Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Grazia Tamma
- Department of Biosciences, Biotecnhologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR-S 1180-LabEx LERMIT, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay Malabry, France
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Raul A Marinelli
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotecnhologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Palethorpe HM, Tomita Y, Smith E, Pei JV, Townsend AR, Price TJ, Young JP, Yool AJ, Hardingham JE. The Aquaporin 1 Inhibitor Bacopaside II Reduces Endothelial Cell Migration and Tubulogenesis and Induces Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030653. [PMID: 29495367 PMCID: PMC5877514 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) in endothelial cells is critical for their migration and angiogenesis in cancer. We tested the AQP1 inhibitor, bacopaside II, derived from medicinal plant Bacopa monnieri, on endothelial cell migration and tube-formation in vitro using mouse endothelial cell lines (2H11 and 3B11) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The effect of bacopaside II on viability, apoptosis, migration and tubulogenesis was assessed by a proliferation assay, annexin-V/propidium iodide flow cytometry, the scratch wound assay and endothelial tube-formation, respectively. Cell viability was reduced significantly for 2H11 at 15 μM (p = 0.037), 3B11 at 12.5 μM (p = 0.017) and HUVEC at 10 μM (p < 0.0001). At 15 μM, the reduced viability was accompanied by an increase in apoptosis of 38%, 50% and 32% for 2H11, 3B11 and HUVEC, respectively. Bacopaside II at ≥10 μM significantly reduced migration of 2H11 (p = 0.0002) and 3B11 (p = 0.034). HUVECs were most sensitive with a significant reduction at ≥7.5 μM (p = 0.037). Tube-formation was reduced with a 15 μM dose for all cell lines and 10 μM for 3B11 (p < 0.0001). These results suggest that bacopaside II is a potential anti-angiogenic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Palethorpe
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Yoko Tomita
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Eric Smith
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Amanda R Townsend
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Timothy J Price
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
- Medical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
| | - Joanne P Young
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jennifer E Hardingham
- Molecular Oncology, Basil Hetzel Institute, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville South, SA 5011, Australia.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Kourghi M, Pei JV, De Ieso ML, Nourmohammadi S, Chow PH, Yool AJ. Fundamental structural and functional properties of Aquaporin ion channels found across the kingdoms of life. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:401-409. [PMID: 29193257 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) channels in the major intrinsic protein (MIP) family are known to facilitate transmembrane water fluxes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Some classes of AQPs also conduct ions, glycerol, urea, CO2 , nitric oxide, and other small solutes. Ion channel activity has been demonstrated for mammalian AQPs 0, 1, 6, Drosophila Big Brain (BIB), soybean nodulin 26, and rockcress AtPIP2;1. More classes are likely to be discovered. Newly identified blockers are providing essential tools for establishing physiological roles of some of the AQP dual water and ion channels. For example, the arylsulfonamide AqB011 which selectively blocks the central ion pore of mammalian AQP1 has been shown to impair migration of HT29 colon cancer cells. Traditional herbal medicines are sources of selective AQP1 inhibitors that also slow cancer cell migration. The finding that plant AtPIP2;1 expressed in root epidermal cells mediates an ion conductance regulated by calcium and protons provided insight into molecular mechanisms of environmental stress responses. Expression of lens MIP (AQP0) is essential for maintaining the structure, integrity and transparency of the lens, and Drosophila BIB contributes to neurogenic signalling pathways to control the developmental fate of fly neuroblast cells; however, the ion channel roles remain to be defined for MIP and BIB. A broader portfolio of pharmacological agents is needed to investigate diverse AQP ion channel functions in situ. Understanding the dual water and ion channel roles of AQPs could inform the development of novel agents for rational interventions in diverse challenges from agriculture to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Kourghi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael L De Ieso
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Pak Hin Chow
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Kourghi M, Nourmohammadi S, Pei JV, Qiu J, McGaughey S, Tyerman SD, Byrt CS, Yool AJ. Divalent Cations Regulate the Ion Conductance Properties of Diverse Classes of Aquaporins. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112323. [PMID: 29099773 PMCID: PMC5713292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are known to facilitate water and solute fluxes across barrier membranes. An increasing number of AQPs are being found to serve as ion channels. Ion and water permeability of selected plant and animal AQPs (plant Arabidopsis thaliana AtPIP2;1, AtPIP2;2, AtPIP2;7, human Homo sapiens HsAQP1, rat Rattus norvegicus RnAQP4, RnAQP5, and fly Drosophilamelanogaster DmBIB) were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and examined in chelator-buffered salines to evaluate the effects of divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ and Cd2+) on ionic conductances. AtPIP2;1, AtPIP2;2, HsAQP1 and DmBIB expressing oocytes had ionic conductances, and showed differential sensitivity to block by external Ca2+. The order of potency of inhibition by Ca2+ was AtPIP2;2 > AtPIP2;1 > DmBIB > HsAQP1. Blockage of the AQP cation channels by Ba2+ and Cd2+ caused voltage-sensitive outward rectification. The channels with the highest sensitivity to Ca2+ (AtPIP2;1 and AtPIP2;2) showed a distinctive relief of the Ca2+ block by co-application of excess Ba2+, suggesting that divalent ions act at the same site. Recognizing the regulatory role of divalent cations may enable the discovery of other classes of AQP ion channels, and facilitate the development of tools for modulating AQP ion channels. Modulators of AQPs have potential value for diverse applications including improving salinity tolerance in plants, controlling vector-borne diseases, and intervening in serious clinical conditions involving AQPs, such as cancer metastasis, cardiovascular or renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Kourghi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Saeed Nourmohammadi
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jinxin V Pei
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jiaen Qiu
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Samantha McGaughey
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Stephen D Tyerman
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Caitlin S Byrt
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
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Heng S, Zhang X, Pei J, Abell AD. A Rationally Designed Reversible 'Turn-Off' Sensor for Glutathione. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2017; 7:bios7030036. [PMID: 28878194 PMCID: PMC5618042 DOI: 10.3390/bios7030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
γ-Glutamyl-cysteinyl-glycine (GSH) plays a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis in biological systems and a decrease in its cellular levels is associated with diseases. Existing fluorescence-based chemosensors for GSH acts as irreversible reaction-based probes that exhibit a maximum fluorescence (‘turn-on’) once the reaction is complete, regardless of the actual concentration of GSH. A reversible, reaction-based ‘turn-off’ probe (1) is reported here to sense the decreasing levels of GSH, a situation known to occur at the onset of various diseases. The more fluorescent merocyanine (MC) isomer of 1 exists in aqueous solution and this reacts with GSH to induce formation of the ring-closed spiropyran (SP) isomer, with a measurable decrease in absorbance and fluorescence (‘turn-off’). Sensor 1 has good aqueous solubility and shows an excellent selectivity for GSH over other biologically relevant metal ions and aminothiol analytes. The sensor permeates HEK 293 cells and an increase in fluorescence is observed on adding buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of GSH synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Heng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Xiaozhou Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Jinxin Pei
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Andrew D Abell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.
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Letter to the Editor: "Ion Channels in Brain Metastasis"-Ion Channels in Cancer Set up and Metastatic Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040718. [PMID: 28350319 PMCID: PMC5412304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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