1
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Hu S, Huang J, Arul R, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Xiong Y, Liz-Marzán LM, Baumberg JJ. Robust consistent single quantum dot strong coupling in plasmonic nanocavities. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6835. [PMID: 39122720 PMCID: PMC11315915 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Strong coupling between a single quantum emitter and an optical cavity (at rate Ω) accesses fundamental quantum optics and provides an essential building block for photonic quantum technologies. However, the minimum mode volume of conventional dielectric cavities restricts their operation to cryogenic temperature for strong coupling. Here we harness surface self-assembly to make deterministic strong coupling at room temperature using CdSe/CdS quantum dots (QDs) in nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) plasmonic nanocavities. We achieve a fabrication yield of ~70% for single QD strong coupling by optimizing their size and nano-assembly. A clear and reliable Rabi splitting is observed both in the scattering of each nanocavity and their photoluminescence, which are however not equal. Integrating these quantum elements with electrical pumping allows demonstration of strong coupling in their electroluminescence. This advance provides a straightforward way to achieve practical quantum devices at room temperature, and opens up exploration of their nonlinear, electrical, and quantum correlation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Hu
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physics, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Junyang Huang
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rakesh Arul
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Yuling Xiong
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Nanophotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Lai Y, Clarke DDA, Grimm P, Devi A, Wigger D, Helbig T, Hofmann T, Thomale R, Huang JS, Hecht B, Hess O. Room-temperature quantum nanoplasmonic coherent perfect absorption. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6324. [PMID: 39060227 PMCID: PMC11282272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50574-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Light-matter superposition states obtained via strong coupling play a decisive role in quantum information processing, but the deleterious effects of material dissipation and environment-induced decoherence inevitably destroy coherent light-matter polaritons over time. Here, we propose the use of coherent perfect absorption under near-field driving to prepare and protect the polaritonic states of a single quantum emitter interacting with a plasmonic nanocavity at room temperature. Our scheme of quantum nanoplasmonic coherent perfect absorption leverages an inherent frequency specificity to selectively initialize the coupled system in a chosen plasmon-emitter dressed state, while the coherent, unidirectional and non-perturbing near-field energy transfer from a proximal plasmonic waveguide can in principle render the dressed state robust against dynamic dissipation under ambient conditions. Our study establishes a previously unexplored paradigm for quantum state preparation and coherence preservation in plasmonic cavity quantum electrodynamics, offering compelling prospects for elevating quantum nanophotonic technologies to ambient temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Lai
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel D A Clarke
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Philipp Grimm
- Nano-Optics & Biophotonics Group, Department of Experimental Physics 5, and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Research, Physics Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Asha Devi
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel Wigger
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tobias Helbig
- Theoretische Physik I, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Hofmann
- Theoretische Physik I, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ronny Thomale
- Theoretische Physik I, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jer-Shing Huang
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 4,, Jena, Germany
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, Nankang, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bert Hecht
- Nano-Optics & Biophotonics Group, Department of Experimental Physics 5, and Röntgen Research Center for Complex Material Research, Physics Institute, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Ortwin Hess
- School of Physics and CRANN Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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3
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Bourgeois MR, Pan F, Anyanwu CP, Nixon AG, Beutler EK, Dionne JA, Goldsmith RH, Masiello DJ. Spectroscopy in Nanoscopic Cavities: Models and Recent Experiments. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2024; 75:509-534. [PMID: 38941525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-083122-125525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The ability of nanophotonic cavities to confine and store light to nanoscale dimensions has important implications for enhancing molecular, excitonic, phononic, and plasmonic optical responses. Spectroscopic signatures of processes that are ordinarily exceedingly weak such as pure absorption and Raman scattering have been brought to the single-particle limit of detection, while new emergent polaritonic states of optical matter have been realized through coupling material and photonic cavity degrees of freedom across a wide range of experimentally accessible interaction strengths. In this review, we discuss both optical and electron beam spectroscopies of cavity-coupled material systems in weak, strong, and ultrastrong coupling regimes, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the physics inherent to each while highlighting recent experimental advances and exciting future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bourgeois
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - C Praise Anyanwu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Austin G Nixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Elliot K Beutler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
| | - Jennifer A Dionne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Randall H Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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4
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Liu R, Geng M, Ai J, Fan X, Liu Z, Lu YW, Kuang Y, Liu JF, Guo L, Wu L. Deterministic positioning and alignment of a single-molecule exciton in plasmonic nanodimer for strong coupling. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4103. [PMID: 38755130 PMCID: PMC11099047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46831-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Experimental realization of strong coupling between a single exciton and plasmons remains challenging as it requires deterministic positioning of the single exciton and alignment of its dipole moment with the plasmonic fields. This study aims to combine the host-guest chemistry approach with the cucurbit[7]uril-mediated active self-assembly to precisely integrate a single methylene blue molecule in an Au nanodimer at the deterministic position (gap center of the nanodimer) with the maximum electric field (EFmax) and perfectly align its transition dipole moment with the EFmax, yielding a large spectral Rabi splitting of 116 meV for a single-molecule exciton-matching the analytical model and numerical simulations. Statistical analysis of vibrational spectroscopy and dark-field scattering spectra confirm the realization of the single exciton strong coupling at room temperature. Our work may suggest an approach for achieving the strong coupling between a deterministic single exciton and plasmons, contributing to the development of room-temperature single-qubit quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Ming Geng
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jindong Ai
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen, 518045, China
| | - Yanmin Kuang
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Jing-Feng Liu
- College of Electronic Engineering, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Lijun Guo
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Republic of Singapore.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, No. 16-16 Connexis, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore.
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5
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Wu T, Wang C, Hu G, Wang Z, Zhao J, Wang Z, Chaykun K, Liu L, Chen M, Li D, Zhu S, Xiong Q, Shen Z, Gao H, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Wei L, Wang QJ, Luo Y. Ultrastrong exciton-plasmon couplings in WS 2 multilayers synthesized with a random multi-singular metasurface at room temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3295. [PMID: 38632230 PMCID: PMC11024105 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Van der Waals semiconductors exemplified by two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides have promised next-generation atomically thin optoelectronics. Boosting their interaction with light is vital for practical applications, especially in the quantum regime where ultrastrong coupling is highly demanded but not yet realized. Here we report ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling at room temperature in tungsten disulfide (WS2) layers loaded with a random multi-singular plasmonic metasurface deposited on a flexible polymer substrate. Different from seeking perfect metals or high-quality resonators, we create a unique type of metasurface with a dense array of singularities that can support nanometre-sized plasmonic hotspots to which several WS2 excitons coherently interact. The associated normalized coupling strength is 0.12 for monolayer WS2 and can be up to 0.164 for quadrilayers, showcasing the ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling that is important for practical optoelectronic devices based on low-dimensional semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chongwu Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhixun Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiaxin Zhao
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ksenia Chaykun
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mengxiao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebral Vascular Detection Technology and Medicinal Effectiveness Appraisal, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Song Zhu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zexiang Shen
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Física Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Connexis, 138632, Singapore.
| | - Lei Wei
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yu Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Microwave Photonics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
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6
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Lee H, Whetten BG, Kim BJ, Woo JY, Koo Y, Bae J, Kang M, Moon T, Joo H, Jeong S, Lim J, Efros AL, Raschke MB, Pelton M, Park KD. Electrically Tunable Single Polaritonic Quantum Dot at Room Temperature. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:133001. [PMID: 38613300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.133001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons confined in plasmonic cavities are hybridized light-matter quasiparticles, with distinct optical characteristics compared to plasmons and excitons alone. Here, we demonstrate the electric tunability of a single polaritonic quantum dot operating at room temperature in electric-field tip-enhanced strong coupling spectroscopy. For a single quantum dot in the nanoplasmonic tip cavity with variable dc local electric field, we dynamically control the Rabi frequency with the corresponding polariton emission, crossing weak to strong coupling. We model the observed behaviors based on the quantum confined Stark effect in the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin G Whetten
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Byong Jae Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Woo
- Digital Transformation R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bae
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Moon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Joo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehoon Lim
- Department of Energy Science, Center for Artificial Atoms, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Matthew Pelton
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, Maryland 21250, USA
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Zhong J, Li JY, Liu J, Xiang Y, Feng H, Liu R, Li W, Wang XH. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling of Few-Exciton in a Monolayer WS 2 with Plasmon and Dispersion Deviation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1579-1586. [PMID: 38284987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Engineering room-temperature strong coupling of few-exciton in transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) with plasmons promises to construct compact and high-performance quantum optical devices. But it remains unimplemented due to their in-plane excitons. Here, we demonstrate the strong coupling of few-exciton within 10 in monolayer WS2 with the plasmonic mode with a large tangential component of the electric field tightly trapped around the sharp corners of an Au@Ag nanocuboid, the fewest number of excitons observed in the TMDC family so far. Furthermore, we for the first time report a significant deviation with a relative difference of up to 100.6% between the spectrum and eigenlevel splitting dispersions, which increases with decreasing coupling strength. It is also shown that the coupling strength obtained by the conventional concept of both being equal to the measured spectrum splitting is markedly overestimated. Our work enriches the understanding of strong light-matter interactions at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - He Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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8
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Koo Y, Moon T, Kang M, Joo H, Lee C, Lee H, Kravtsov V, Park KD. Dynamical control of nanoscale light-matter interactions in low-dimensional quantum materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:30. [PMID: 38272869 PMCID: PMC10810844 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy and -imaging have significantly advanced our understanding of low-dimensional quantum materials and their interactions with light, providing a rich insight into the underlying physics at their natural length scale. Recently, various functionalities of the plasmonic tip expand the capabilities of the nanoscopy, enabling dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions at the nanoscale. In this review, we focus on a new paradigm of the nanoscopy, shifting from the conventional role of imaging and spectroscopy to the dynamical control approach of the tip-induced light-matter interactions. We present three different approaches of tip-induced control of light-matter interactions, such as cavity-gap control, pressure control, and near-field polarization control. Specifically, we discuss the nanoscale modifications of radiative emissions for various emitters from weak to strong coupling regime, achieved by the precise engineering of the cavity-gap. Furthermore, we introduce recent works on light-matter interactions controlled by tip-pressure and near-field polarization, especially tunability of the bandgap, crystal structure, photoluminescence quantum yield, exciton density, and energy transfer in a wide range of quantum materials. We envision that this comprehensive review not only contributes to a deeper understanding of the physics of nanoscale light-matter interactions but also offers a valuable resource to nanophotonics, plasmonics, and materials science for future technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Moon
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Joo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Yang Y, Chikkaraddy R, Lin Q, Clarke DDA, Wigger D, Baumberg JJ, Hess O. Electrochemically Switchable Multimode Strong Coupling in Plasmonic Nanocavities. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:238-244. [PMID: 38164905 PMCID: PMC10786147 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The strong-coupling interaction between quantum emitters and cavities provides the archetypical platform for fundamental quantum electrodynamics. Here we show that methylene blue (MB) molecules interact coherently with subwavelength plasmonic nanocavity modes at room temperature. Experimental results show that the strong coupling can be switched on and off reversibly when MB molecules undergo redox reactions which transform them to leuco-methylene blue molecules. In simulations we demonstrate the strong coupling between the second excited plasmonic cavity mode and resonant emitters. However, we also show that other detuned modes simultaneously couple efficiently to the molecular transitions, creating unusual cascades of mode spectral shifts and polariton formation. This is possible due to the relatively large plasmonic particle size resulting in reduced mode splittings. The results open significant potential for device applications utilizing active control of strong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanji Yang
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Rohit Chikkaraddy
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham B152TT, England, U.K.
| | - Qianqi Lin
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Hybrid
Materials for Optoelectronics Group, Department of Molecules and Materials,
MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for
Brain-Inspired Nano Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Wigger
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Jeremy J. Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics
Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ortwin Hess
- School
of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
- CRANN
Institute and Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40, Ireland
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10
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Kang M, Kim SJ, Joo H, Koo Y, Lee H, Lee HS, Suh YD, Park KD. Nanoscale Manipulation of Exciton-Trion Interconversion in a MoSe 2 Monolayer via Tip-Enhanced Cavity-Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:279-286. [PMID: 38117534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Emerging light-matter interactions in metal-semiconductor hybrid platforms have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Here, we demonstrate plasmon-induced near-field manipulation of trionic responses in a MoSe2 monolayer using tip-enhanced cavity-spectroscopy (TECS). The surface plasmon-polariton mode on the Au nanowire can locally manipulate the exciton (X0) and trion (X-) populations of MoSe2. Furthermore, we reveal that surface charges significantly influence the emission and interconversion processes of X0 and X-. In the TECS configuration, the localized plasmon significantly affects the distributions of X0 and X- due to the modified radiative decay rate. Additionally, within the TECS cavity, the electric doping effect and hot electron generation enable dynamic interconversion between X0 and X- at the nanoscale. This work advances our understanding of plasmon-exciton-hot electron interactions in metal-semiconductor-metal hybrid structures, providing a foundation for an optimal trion-based nano-optoelectronic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Huitae Joo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Doug Suh
- Department of Chemistry and School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919 Republic of Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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11
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Huang JT, Bai B, Han YX, Feng PY, Wang XJ, Li XZ, Huang GY, Sun HB. Super-Resolution Exciton Imaging of Nanobubbles in 2D Semiconductors with Near-Field Nanophotoluminescence Microscopy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:272-280. [PMID: 38096138 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, have emerged as important candidate materials for next-generation chip-scale optoelectronic devices with the development of large-scale production techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, 2D materials need to be transferred to other target substrates after growth, during which various micro- and nanoscale defects, such as nanobubbles, are inevitably generated. These nanodefects not only influence the uniformity of 2D semiconductors but also may significantly alter the local optoelectronic properties of the composed devices. Hence, super-resolution discrimination and characterization of nanodefects are highly demanded. Here, we report a near-field nanophotoluminescence (nano-PL) microscope that can quickly screen nanobubbles and investigate their impact on local excitonic properties of 2D semiconductors by directly visualize the PL emission distribution with a very high spatial resolution of ∼10 nm, far below the optical diffraction limit, and a high speed of 10 ms/point under ambient conditions. By using nano-PL microscopy to map the exciton and trion emission intensity distributions in transferred CVD-grown monolayer tungsten disulfide (1L-WS2) flakes, it is found that the PL intensity decreases by 13.4% as the height of the nanobubble increases by every nanometer, which is mainly caused by the suppression of trion emission due to the strong doping effect from the substrate. In addition to the nanobubbles, other types of nanodefects, such as cracks, stacks, and grain boundaries, can also be characterized. The nano-PL method is proven to be a powerful tool for the nondestructive quality inspection of nanodefects as well as the super-resolution exploration of local optoelectronic properties of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Tai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Benfeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu-Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng-Yi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Ze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guan-Yao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hong-Bo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Lee H, Kim YB, Ryu JW, Kim S, Bae J, Koo Y, Jang D, Park KD. Recent progress of exciton transport in two-dimensional semiconductors. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:57. [PMID: 38102309 PMCID: PMC10724105 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial manipulation of excitonic quasiparticles, such as neutral excitons, charged excitons, and interlayer excitons, in two-dimensional semiconductors offers unique capabilities for a broad range of optoelectronic applications, encompassing photovoltaics, exciton-integrated circuits, and quantum light-emitting systems. Nonetheless, their practical implementation is significantly restricted by the absence of electrical controllability for neutral excitons, short lifetime of charged excitons, and low exciton funneling efficiency at room temperature, which remain a challenge in exciton transport. In this comprehensive review, we present the latest advancements in controlling exciton currents by harnessing the advanced techniques and the unique properties of various excitonic quasiparticles. We primarily focus on four distinct control parameters inducing the exciton current: electric fields, strain gradients, surface plasmon polaritons, and photonic cavities. For each approach, the underlying principles are introduced in conjunction with its progression through recent studies, gradually expanding their accessibility, efficiency, and functionality. Finally, we outline the prevailing challenges to fully harness the potential of excitonic quasiparticles and implement practical exciton-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bin Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bae
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Jang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Luo W, Lawrie BJ, Puretzky AA, Tan Q, Gao H, Lingerfelt DB, Eichman G, Mcgee E, Swan AK, Liang L, Ling X. Imaging Strain-Localized Single-Photon Emitters in Layered GaSe below the Diffraction Limit. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 38044592 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale strain control of exciton funneling is an increasingly critical tool for the scalable production of single photon emitters (SPEs) in two-dimensional materials. However, conventional far-field optical microscopies remain constrained in spatial resolution by the diffraction limit and thus can provide only a limited description of nanoscale strain localization of SPEs. Here, we quantify the effects of nanoscale heterogeneous strain on the energy and brightness of GaSe SPEs on nanopillars with correlative cathodoluminescence, photoluminescence, and atomic force microscopy, supported by density functional theory simulations. We report the strain-localized SPEs have a broad range of emission wavelengths from 620 to 900 nm. We reveal substantial strain-controlled SPE wavelength tunability over a ∼100 nm spectral range and 2 orders of magnitude enhancement in the SPE brightness at the pillar center due to Type-I exciton funneling. In addition, we show that radiative biexciton cascade processes contribute to observed CL photon superbunching. Also, the GaSe SPEs show excellent stability, where their properties remain unchanged after electron beam exposure. We anticipate that this comprehensive study on the nanoscale strain control of two-dimensional SPEs will provide key insights to guide the development of truly deterministic quantum photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Benjamin J Lawrie
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Alexander A Puretzky
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Qishuo Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Hongze Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - David B Lingerfelt
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Gage Eichman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Edward Mcgee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Anna K Swan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Liangbo Liang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Xi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- The Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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14
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Dey J, Virdi A, Chandra M. Tuning nanoscale plasmon-exciton coupling via chemical interface damping. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17879-17888. [PMID: 37888869 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04013e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the exact role of each plasmon decay channel in the plasmon-exciton interaction is essential for realizing the translational potential of nanoscale plexciton hybrids. Here, using single-particle spectroscopy, we demonstrate how a particular decay channel, chemical interface damping (CID), influences the nanoscale plasmon-exciton coupling. We investigate the interaction between cyanine dye J-aggregates and gold nanorods in the presence and absence of CID. The CID effect is introduced via surface modification of the nanorods with 4-nitrothiophenol. The relative contribution of CID is systematically tuned by varying the diameter of the nanorods, while maintaining the aspect ratio constant. We show that the incorporation of the CID channel, in addition to other plasmon decay channels, reduces the plasmon-exciton coupling strength. Nanorods' diameter-dependency measurements reveal that in the absence of CID contribution, the plasmon mode-volume factor gradually dominates over the plasmon decoherence effects as the diameter of the nanorods decreases, resulting in an increase in the plasmon-exciton coupling strength. However, the situation is entirely different when the CID channel is active: plasmon dephasing determines the plasmon-exciton coupling strength by outweighing the influence of even a very small plasmon mode-volume. Most importantly, our findings indicate that CID can be used to controllably tune the plasmon-exciton coupling strength for a given plexciton system by modifying the nanoparticle's surface with suitable adsorbates without the need for altering either the plasmonic or excitonic systems. Thus, judicious exploitation of CID can be tremendously beneficial in tailoring the optical characteristics of plexciton hybrid systems to suit any targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirban Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
| | - Alisha Virdi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
| | - Manabendra Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh-208016, India.
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15
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Wang CF, Krayev AV, El-Khoury PZ. Subnanometer Visualization of Spatially Varying Local Field Resonances that Drive Tip-Enhanced Optical Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9114-9118. [PMID: 37751571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Our knowledge of the electromagnetic fields that power modern nanoscale optical measurements, including (non)linear tip-enhanced Raman and photoluminescence, chiefly stems from numerical simulations. Aside from idealized in silico vs heterogeneous (nano)structures in the laboratory, challenges in quantitative descriptions of nanoscale light-matter interactions more generally stem from the very nature of the problem, which lies at the interface of classical and quantum theories. This is particularly the case in ultrahigh spatial resolution measurements that are sensitive to local optical field variations that take place on subnanometer length scales. This work approaches this challenge through extinction-based spectral nanoimaging experiments. We demonstrate <1 nm spatial resolution in hyperspectral extinction measurements that track spatially varying plasmon resonances. We describe the principles behind our experiments and highlight more general implications of our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Feng Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Andrey V Krayev
- Horiba Instruments, Inc., 359 Bel Marin Keys Blvd., Suite 18, Novato, California 94949, United States
| | - Patrick Z El-Khoury
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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16
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Sangeetha A, Reivanth K, Thrupthika T, Ramya S, Nataraj D. Strong coupling of hybrid states of light and matter in cavity-coupled quantum dot solids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16662. [PMID: 37794042 PMCID: PMC10551025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of plasmon-exciton (plexciton) polariton is a direct consequence of strong light-matter interaction, and it happens in a semiconductor-metal hybrid system. Here the formation of plasmon-exciton polaritons was observed from an AgTe/CdTe Quantum Dot (QD) solid system in the strong coupling regime. The strong coupling was achieved by increasing the oscillator strength of the excitons by forming coupled QD solids. The anti-crossing-like behaviour indicates the strong coupling between plasmonic and excitons state in AgTe/CdTe QD solids, resulting in a maximum Rabi splitting value of 225 meV at room temperature. The formation of this hybrid state of matter and its dynamics were studied through absorption, photoluminescence, and femtosecond transient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Sangeetha
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Reivanth
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thankappan Thrupthika
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniam Ramya
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Nataraj
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
- UGC-CPEPA Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics for the Development of Solar Energy Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Bhuyan R, Mony J, Kotov O, Castellanos GW, Gómez Rivas J, Shegai TO, Börjesson K. The Rise and Current Status of Polaritonic Photochemistry and Photophysics. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10877-10919. [PMID: 37683254 PMCID: PMC10540218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between molecular electronic transitions and electromagnetic fields can be enlarged to the point where distinct hybrid light-matter states, polaritons, emerge. The photonic contribution to these states results in increased complexity as well as an opening to modify the photophysics and photochemistry beyond what normally can be seen in organic molecules. It is today evident that polaritons offer opportunities for molecular photochemistry and photophysics, which has caused an ever-rising interest in the field. Focusing on the experimental landmarks, this review takes its reader from the advent of the field of polaritonic chemistry, over the split into polariton chemistry and photochemistry, to present day status within polaritonic photochemistry and photophysics. To introduce the field, the review starts with a general description of light-matter interactions, how to enhance these, and what characterizes the coupling strength. Then the photochemistry and photophysics of strongly coupled systems using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic cavities are described. This is followed by a description of room-temperature Bose-Einstein condensation/polariton lasing in polaritonic systems. The review ends with a discussion on the benefits, limitations, and future developments of strong exciton-photon coupling using organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhuyan
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jürgen Mony
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Oleg Kotov
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Gabriel W. Castellanos
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaime Gómez Rivas
- Department
of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven Hendrik Casimir
Institute and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Timur O. Shegai
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karl Börjesson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Chen X, Xu S, Shabani S, Zhao Y, Fu M, Millis AJ, Fogler MM, Pasupathy AN, Liu M, Basov DN. Machine Learning for Optical Scanning Probe Nanoscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2109171. [PMID: 36333118 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform nanometer-scale optical imaging and spectroscopy is key to deciphering the low-energy effects in quantum materials, as well as vibrational fingerprints in planetary and extraterrestrial particles, catalytic substances, and aqueous biological samples. These tasks can be accomplished by the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) technique that has recently spread to many research fields and enabled notable discoveries. Herein, it is shown that the s-SNOM, together with scanning probe research in general, can benefit in many ways from artificial-intelligence (AI) and machine-learning (ML) algorithms. Augmented with AI- and ML-enhanced data acquisition and analysis, scanning probe optical nanoscopy is poised to become more efficient, accurate, and intelligent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Suheng Xu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yueqi Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michael M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0319, USA
| | - Abhay N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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19
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Di Virgilio L, Geuchies JJ, Kim H, Krewer K, Wang H, Grechko M, Bonn M. Controlling the electro-optic response of a semiconducting perovskite coupled to a phonon-resonant cavity. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:183. [PMID: 37491336 PMCID: PMC10368682 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical cavities, resonant with vibrational or electronic transitions of material within the cavity, enable control of light-matter interaction. Previous studies have reported cavity-induced modifications of chemical reactivity, fluorescence, phase behavior, and charge transport. Here, we explore the effect of resonant cavity-phonon coupling on the transient photoconductivity in a hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite. To this end, we measure the ultrafast photoconductivity response of perovskite in a tunable Fabry-Pérot terahertz cavity, designed to be transparent for optical excitation. The terahertz-cavity field-phonon interaction causes apparent Rabi splitting between the perovskite phonon mode and the cavity mode. We explore whether the cavity-phonon interaction affects the material's electron-phonon interaction by determining the charge-carrier mobility through photoconductivity. Despite the apparent hybridization of cavity and phonon modes, we show that the perovskite properties in both ground (phonon response) and excited (photoconductive response) states remain unaffected by the tunable light-matter interaction. Yet the response of the integral perovskite-terahertz optical cavity system depends critically on the interaction strength of the cavity with the phonon: the transient terahertz response to optical excitation can be increased up to threefold by tuning the cavity-perovskite interaction strength. These results enable tunable switches and frequency-controlled induced transparency devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jaco J Geuchies
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heejae Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Department of Physics, 37673, Pohang, Korea
| | - Keno Krewer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maksim Grechko
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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20
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Chen Y, Sun M. Plexcitonics: plasmon-exciton coupling for enhancing spectroscopy, optical chirality, and nonlinearity. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37377142 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01388j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Plexcitonics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary field that holds immense potential for the creation of innovative optical technologies and devices. This field focuses on investigating the interactions between plasmons and excitons in hybrid systems. In this review, we provide an overview of the fundamental principles of plasmonics and plexcitonics and discuss the latest advancements in plexcitonics. Specifically, we highlight the ability to manipulate plasmon-exciton interactions, the emerging field of tip-enhanced spectroscopy, and advancements in optical chirality and nonlinearity. These recent developments have spurred further research in the field of plexcitonics and offer inspiration for the design of advanced materials and devices with enhanced optical properties and functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichuan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, P. R. China.
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21
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Jo K, Marino E, Lynch J, Jiang Z, Gogotsi N, Darlington TP, Soroush M, Schuck PJ, Borys NJ, Murray CB, Jariwala D. Direct nano-imaging of light-matter interactions in nanoscale excitonic emitters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2649. [PMID: 37156799 PMCID: PMC10167231 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong light-matter interactions in localized nano-emitters placed near metallic mirrors have been widely reported via spectroscopic studies in the optical far-field. Here, we report a near-field nano-spectroscopic study of localized nanoscale emitters on a flat Au substrate. Using quasi 2-dimensional CdSe/CdxZn1-xS nanoplatelets, we observe directional propagation on the Au substrate of surface plasmon polaritons launched from the excitons of the nanoplatelets as wave-like fringe patterns in the near-field photoluminescence maps. These fringe patterns were confirmed via extensive electromagnetic wave simulations to be standing-waves formed between the tip and the edge-up assembled nano-emitters on the substrate plane. We further report that both light confinement and in-plane emission can be engineered by tuning the surrounding dielectric environment of the nanoplatelets. Our results lead to renewed understanding of in-plane, near-field electromagnetic signal transduction from the localized nano-emitters with profound implications in nano and quantum photonics as well as resonant optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jason Lynch
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhiqiao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natalie Gogotsi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Thomas P Darlington
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mohammad Soroush
- Departement of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - P James Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Nicholas J Borys
- Departement of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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22
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Li W, Liu R, Li J, Zhong J, Lu YW, Chen H, Wang XH. Highly Efficient Single-Exciton Strong Coupling with Plasmons by Lowering Critical Interaction Strength at an Exceptional Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:143601. [PMID: 37084440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.143601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The single-exciton strong coupling with the localized plasmon mode (LPM) at room temperature is highly desirable for exploiting quantum technology. However, its realization has been a very low probability event due to the harsh critical conditions, severely compromising its application. Here, we present a highly efficient approach for achieving such a strong coupling by reducing the critical interaction strength at the exceptional point based upon the damping inhibition and matching of the coupled system, instead of enhancing the coupling strength to overcome the system's large damping. Experimentally, we compress the LPM's damping linewidth from about 45 nm to about 14 nm using a leaky Fabry-Perot cavity, a good match to the excitonic linewidth of about 10 nm. This method dramatically relaxes the harsh requirement in mode volume by more than an order of magnitude and allows a maximum direction angle of the exciton dipole relative to the mode field of up to around 71.9°, significantly improving the success rate of achieving the single-exciton strong coupling with LPMs from about 1% to about 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Junyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu-Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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23
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Müller H, Eckstein M, Viola Kusminskiy S. Control of Yu-Shiba-Rusinov States through a Bosonic Mode. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106905. [PMID: 36962057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the impact of a bosonic degree of freedom on Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states emerging from a magnetic impurity in a conventional superconductor. Starting from the Anderson impurity model, we predict that an additional p-wave conduction band channel opens up if a bosonic mode is coupled to the tunneling between impurity and host, which implies an additional pair of odd-parity Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states. The bosonic mode can be a vibrational mode or the electromagnetic field in a cavity. The exchange couplings in the two channels depend sensitively on the state of the bosonic mode (ground state, few quanta, or classically driven Floquet state), which opens possibilities for phononics or photonics control of such systems, with a rich variety of ground and excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Müller
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Eckstein
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvia Viola Kusminskiy
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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24
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Wei YC, Hsu LY. Polaritonic Huang-Rhys Factor: Basic Concepts and Quantifying Light-Matter Interactions in Media. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:2395-2401. [PMID: 36856331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Huang-Rhys (HR) factor, a dimensionless factor that characterizes electron-phonon (vibronic) coupling, has been extensively employed to investigate a variety of material properties. In the same spirit, we propose a quantity called the polaritonic HR factor to quantitatively describe the effects of (i) light-matter coupling induced by permanent dipoles and (ii) dipole self-energy. The former leads to polaritonic displacements, while the latter is associated with the electronic coupling shift named reorganization dipole self-coupling. In the framework of macroscopic quantum electrodynamics, our theory can evaluate the polaritonic HR factor, reorganization dipole self-coupling, and modified light-matter coupling strength in an arbitrary dielectric environment without free parameters, whose magnitudes are in good agreement with the previous experimental results. We believe that this study provides a useful perspective on understanding and quantifying light-matter interactions in media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wei
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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25
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Xiong X, Clarke D, Lai Y, Bai P, Png CE, Wu L, Hess O. Substrate engineering of plasmonic nanocavity antenna modes. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:2345-2358. [PMID: 36785250 DOI: 10.1364/oe.476521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanocavities have emerged as a promising platform for next-generation spectroscopy, sensing and photonic quantum information processing technologies, benefiting from a unique confluence of nanoscale compactness and integrability, ultrafast functionality and room-temperature viability. Harnessing their unprecedented optical field confinement and enhancement properties for such diverse application domains, however, demands continued innovation in cavity design and robust strategies for engineering their plasmonic mode characteristics, with the aim of optimizing spatial and spectral matching conditions for strong light-matter interaction involving embedded quantum emitters. Adopting the canonical gold bowtie nanoantenna, we show that the complex refractive index, n + ik, of the substrate material provides additional design flexibility in tailoring the properties of plasmonic nanocavity modes, including their resonance wavelengths, hotspot locations, intracavity field polarization and radiative decay rates. In particular, we predict that highly refractive (n ≥ 4) or highly absorptive (k ≥ 4) substrates provide two complementary approaches to engineering nanocavity modes that are especially desirable for coupling two-dimensional quantum materials, featuring namely an elevated hotspot with a dominantly in-plane polarized near-field, as well as a strongly radiative character. Our study elucidates the benefits and intricacies of a largely unexplored facet of nanocavity mode manipulation, beyond the widely practiced synthetic control over the cavity topology or physical dimensions, and paves the way for plasmonic cavity quantum electrodynamics with two-dimensional excitonic matter.
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26
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Shao J, Su W. Tip-enhanced nanoscopy of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: progress and perspectives. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17119-17133. [PMID: 36394273 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) thin layers prepared by exfoliation or chemical vapour deposition are strongly modulated by defects at the nanoscale. The mediated electronic and optical properties are expected to be spatially localised in a nanoscale width neighbouring the defects. Characterising such localised properties requires an analytical tool with nanoscale spatial resolution and high optical sensitivity. In recent years, tip-enhanced nanoscopy, represented by tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL), has emerged as a powerful tool to characterise the localised phonon and exciton behaviours of 2D TMDs and heterojunctions (HJs) at the nanoscale. Herein, we first summarise the recent progress of TERS and TEPL in the characterisation of several typical defects in TMDs, such as edges, wrinkles, grain boundaries and other defects generated in transfer and growth processes. Then the local strain and its dynamic control of phonon and exciton behaviours characterised by TERS and TEPL will be reviewed. The recent progress in characterising TMD HJs using TERS and TEPL will be subsequently summarised. Finally, the progress of TERS and TEPL combined with optoelectronic sensitive electronic scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in the applications of TMDs will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shao
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Weitao Su
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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27
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Liu Y, Li B, Liu B, Zhang K. Single-Particle Optical Imaging for Ultrasensitive Bioanalysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1105. [PMID: 36551072 PMCID: PMC9775667 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative detection of critical biomolecules and in particular low-abundance biomarkers in biofluids is crucial for early-stage diagnosis and management but remains a challenge largely owing to the insufficient sensitivity of existing ensemble-sensing methods. The single-particle imaging technique has emerged as an important tool to analyze ultralow-abundance biomolecules by engineering and exploiting the distinct physical and chemical property of individual luminescent particles. In this review, we focus and survey the latest advances in single-particle optical imaging (OSPI) for ultrasensitive bioanalysis pertaining to basic biological studies and clinical applications. We first introduce state-of-the-art OSPI techniques, including fluorescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemiluminescence, and dark-field scattering, with emphasis on the contributions of various metal and nonmetal nano-labels to the improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio. During the discussion of individual techniques, we also highlight their applications in spatial-temporal measurement of key biomarkers such as proteins, nucleic acids and extracellular vesicles with single-entity sensitivity. To that end, we discuss the current challenges and prospective trends of single-particle optical-imaging-based bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Binxiao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, State Key Lab of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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28
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Liu HW, Becker MA, Matsuzaki K, Kumar R, Götzinger S, Sandoghdar V. Robust Tipless Positioning Device for Near-Field Investigations: Press and Roll Scan (PROscan). ACS NANO 2022; 16:12831-12839. [PMID: 35920717 PMCID: PMC9413428 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopes scan and manipulate a sharp tip in the immediate vicinity of a sample surface. The limited bandwidth of the feedback mechanism used for stabilizing the separation between the tip and the sample makes the fragile nanoscopic tip very susceptible to mechanical instabilities. We propose, demonstrate, and characterize an alternative device based on bulging a thin substrate against a second substrate and rolling them with respect to each other. We showcase the power of this method by placing gold nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots on the two opposite substrates and positioning them with nanometer precision to enhance the fluorescence intensity and emission rate. Furthermore, we exhibit the passive mechanical stability of the system over more than 1 h. Our design concept finds applications in a variety of other scientific and technological contexts, where nanoscopic features have to be positioned and kept near contact with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wei Liu
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael A. Becker
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Korenobu Matsuzaki
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Randhir Kumar
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan Götzinger
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Graduate
School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max
Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Li JY, Li W, Liu J, Zhong J, Liu R, Chen H, Wang XH. Room-Temperature Strong Coupling Between a Single Quantum Dot and a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4686-4693. [PMID: 35638870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A single quantum dot (QD) strongly coupled with a plasmonic nanoparticle yields a promising qubit for scalable solid-state quantum information processing at room temperature. However, realizing such a strong coupling remains challenging due to the difficulty of spatial overlap of the QD excitons with the plasmonic electric fields (EFs). Here, by using a transmission electron microscope we demonstrate for the first time that this overlap can be realized by integrating a deterministic single QD with a single Au nanorod. When a wedge nanogap cavity consisting of them and the substrate is constructed, the plasmonic EFs can be more effectively "dragged" and highly confined in the QD's nanoshell where the excitons mainly reside. With these advantages, we observed the largest spectral Rabi splitting (reported so far) of ∼234 meV for a single QD strong coupling with plasmons. Our work opens a pathway to the massive construction of room-temperature strong coupling solid qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Renming Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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30
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Abstract
![]()
The interaction of emitters with plasmonic cavities (PCs) has been
studied extensively during the past decade. Much of the experimental
work has focused on the weak coupling regime, manifested most importantly
by the celebrated Purcell effect, which involves a modulation of the
spontaneous emission rate of the emitter due to interaction with the
local electromagnetic density of states. Recently, there has been
a growing interest in studying hybrid emitter-PC systems in the strong-coupling
(SC) regime, in which the excited state of an emitter hybridizes with
that of the PC to generate new states termed polaritons. This phenomenon
is termed vacuum Rabi splitting (VRS) and is manifested in the spectrum
through splitting into two bands. In this Account, we discuss
SC with PCs and focus particularly
on work from our lab on the SC of quantum dots (QDs) and plasmonic
silver bowtie cavities. As bowtie structures demonstrate strong electric
field enhancement in their gaps, they facilitate approaching the SC
regime and even reaching it with just one to a few emitters placed
there. QDs are particularly advantageous for such studies, due to
their significant brightness and long lifetime under illumination.
VRS was observed in our lab by optical dark-field microspectroscopy
even in the limit of individual QDs. We further used electron energy
loss spectroscopy, a near-field spectroscopic technique, to facilitate
measuring SC not only in bright modes but also in subradiant, dark
plasmonic modes. Dark modes are expected to live longer than bright
modes and therefore should be able to store electromagnetic energy
for longer times. Photoluminescence (PL) is another useful observable
for probing
the SC regime at the single-emitter limit, as shown by several laboratories.
We recently used Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry to demonstrate
the quantum nature of PL from QDs within PCs, verifying that the measurements
are indeed from one to three QDs. Further spectroscopic studies of
QD-PC systems in fact manifested several surprising features, indicating
discrepancies between scattering and PL spectra. These observations
pointed to the contribution of multiple excited states. Indeed, using
model simulations based on an extended Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian,
it was found that the involvement of a dark state of the QDs can explain
the experimental findings. Given that bright and dark states couple
to the cavity with different degrees of coupling strength, the PC
affects in a different manner each excitonic state. This yields complex
relaxation pathways and interesting dynamics. Future work should
allow us to increase the QD-PC coupling deeper
into the SC regime. This will pave the way to exciting applications
including the generation of single-photon sources and studies of cavity-induced
coherent interactions between emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Bitton
- Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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31
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Scott Z, Muhammad S, Shahbazyan TV. Plasmon-induced coherence, exciton-induced transparency, and Fano interference for hybrid plasmonic systems in strong coupling regime. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194702. [PMID: 35597643 DOI: 10.1063/5.0083197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an analytical model describing the transition to a strong coupling regime for an ensemble of emitters resonantly coupled to a localized surface plasmon in a metal-dielectric structure. The response of a hybrid system to an external field is determined by two distinct mechanisms involving collective states of emitters interacting with the plasmon mode. The first mechanism is the near-field coupling between the bright collective state and the plasmon mode, which underpins the energy exchange between the system components and gives rise to exciton-induced transparency minimum in scattering spectra in the weak coupling regime and to emergence of polaritonic bands as the system transitions to the strong coupling regime. The second mechanism is the Fano interference between the plasmon dipole moment and the plasmon-induced dipole moment of the bright collective state as the hybrid system interacts with the radiation field. The latter mechanism is greatly facilitated by plasmon-induced coherence in a system with the characteristic size below the diffraction limit as the individual emitters comprising the collective state are driven by the same alternating plasmon near field and, therefore, all oscillate in phase. This cooperative effect leads to scaling of the Fano asymmetry parameter and of the Fano function amplitude with the ensemble size, and therefore, it strongly affects the shape of scattering spectra for large ensembles. Specifically, with increasing emitter numbers, the Fano interference leads to a spectral weight shift toward the lower energy polaritonic band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Scott
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Shafi Muhammad
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
| | - Tigran V Shahbazyan
- Department of Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi 39217, USA
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32
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Ma C, Zhao F, Zhou F, Li M, Zheng Z, Yan J, Li J, Li X, Guan BO, Chen K. Etching-free high-throughput intersectional nanofabrication of diverse optical nanoantennas for nanoscale light manipulation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 622:950-959. [PMID: 35561613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The capabilities to manipulate light-matter interaction at the nanoscale lie at the core of many promising photonic applications. Optical nanoantennas, made of metallic or dielectric materials, have seen a rapid development for their remarkable optical properties facilitating the coupling of electromagnetic waves with subwavelength entities. However, high-throughput and cost-effective fabrication of these nanoantennas is still a daunting challenge. In this work, we provide a versatile nanofabrication method capable of producing large scale optical nanoantennas with different shapes. It is developed from colloidal lithography with no dry etching required. Furthermore, both metallic and all-dielectric nanoantennas can be readily fabrication in a high-throughput fashion. Au and Si nanodisks were fabricated and employed to assemble heterostructures with monolayer tungsten disulfide. Strong coupling is observed in both systems between plasmon modes (Au nanodisks) or anapole modes (Si nanodisks) with excitons. We believe that this nanofabrication method could find a wide range of applications with the diverse optical nanoantennas it can engineer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Churong Ma
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Fangrong Zhou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Meng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Zheng
- School of Materials and Energy, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiahao Yan
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jie Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, Institute of Photonics Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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33
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Niu Y, Xu H, Wei H. Unified Scattering and Photoluminescence Spectra for Strong Plasmon-Exciton Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167402. [PMID: 35522488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strong coupling between excitons and single plasmonic nanocavities enables plexcitonic states in nanoscale systems at room temperature. Here we demonstrate the strong coupling of surface plasmon modes of metal nanowires and excitons in monolayer semiconductors, with Rabi splitting manifested in both scattering and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. By utilizing the propagation properties of surface plasmons on the nanowires, the PL emitted through the scattering of plasmon-exciton hybrid modes is extracted. The analytically calculated scattering and PL spectra well reproduce the experimental results. These findings unify the scattering and PL spectra in the plexcitonic system and eliminate the ambiguities of PL emission, shedding new light on understanding the rich spectral phenomena in the plasmon-exciton strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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34
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Mondal M, Ochoa MA, Sukharev M, Nitzan A. Coupling, lifetimes, and "strong coupling" maps for single molecules at plasmonic interfaces. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:154303. [PMID: 35459293 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction between excited states of a molecule and excited states of a metal nanostructure (e.g., plasmons) leads to hybrid states with modified optical properties. When plasmon resonance is swept through molecular transition frequency, an avoided crossing may be observed, which is often regarded as a signature of strong coupling between plasmons and molecules. Such strong coupling is expected to be realized when 2|⟨U⟩|/ℏΓ > 1, where ⟨U⟩ and Γ are the molecule-plasmon coupling and the spectral width of the optical transition, respectively. Because both ⟨U⟩ and Γ strongly increase with decreasing distance between a molecule and a plasmonic structure, it is not obvious that this condition can be satisfied for any molecule-metal surface distance. In this work, we investigate the behavior of ⟨U⟩ and Γ for several geometries. Surprisingly, we find that if the only contributions to Γ are lifetime broadenings associated with the radiative and nonradiative relaxation of a single molecular vibronic transition, including effects on molecular radiative and nonradiative lifetimes induced by the metal, the criterion 2|⟨U⟩|/ℏΓ > 1 is easily satisfied by many configurations irrespective of the metal-molecule distance. This implies that the Rabi splitting can be observed in such structures if other sources of broadening are suppressed. Additionally, when the molecule-metal surface distance is varied keeping all other molecular and metal parameters constant, this behavior is mitigated due to the spectral shift associated with the same molecule-plasmon interaction, making the observation of Rabi splitting more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monosij Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Maicol A Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Maxim Sukharev
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona 85212, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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35
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Triana JF, Arias M, Nishida J, Muller EA, Wilcken R, Johnson SC, Delgado A, Raschke MB, Herrera F. Semi-empirical Quantum Optics for Mid-Infrared Molecular Nanophotonics. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:124110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0075894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale infrared (IR) resonators with sub-diffraction limited mode volumes and open geome- tries have emerged as new platforms for implementing cavity QED at room temperature. The use of infrared (IR) nano-antennas and tip nanoprobes to study strong light-matter coupling of molecular vibrations with the vacuum field can be exploited for IR quantum control with nanometer and femtosecond resolution. To accelerate the development of molecule-based quantum nano-photonic devices in the mid-IR, we propose a generally applicable semi-empirical methodology based on quantum optics to describe light-matter interaction in systems driven by femtosecond laser pulses. The theory is shown to reproduce recent experiments on the acceleration of the vibrational relaxation rate in infrared nanostructures, and also provide phys- ical insights for the implementation of coherent phase rotations of the near-field using broadband nanotips. We then apply the quantum framework to develop general tip-design rules for the exper- imental manipulation of vibrational strong coupling and Fano interference effects in open infrared resonators. We finally propose the possibility of transferring the natural anharmonicity of molecular vibrational levels to the resonator near-field in the weak coupling regime to implement intensity-dependent phase shifts of the coupled system response with strong pulses, and develop a vibrational chirping model to understand the effect. The semi-empirical quantum theory is equivalent to first- principles techniques based on Maxwell's equations, but its lower computational cost suggests its use a rapid design tool for the development of strongly-coupled infrared nanophotonic hardware for applications ranging from quantum control of materials to quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan F Triana
- Region Metropolitana, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Jun Nishida
- University of Colorado Boulder, United States of America
| | - Eric A Muller
- Chemistry, Colgate University Division of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, United States of America
| | - Roland Wilcken
- University of Colorado at Boulder, United States of America
| | | | | | - Markus B. Raschke
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, United States of America
| | - Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Rosenzweig B, Hoffmann NM, Lacombe L, Maitra NT. Analysis of the classical trajectory treatment of photon dynamics for polaritonic phenomena. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054101. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Rosenzweig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunter College of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Norah M. Hoffmann
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Lionel Lacombe
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Neepa T. Maitra
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
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37
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Zhang S, Li B, Chen X, Ruta FL, Shao Y, Sternbach AJ, McLeod AS, Sun Z, Xiong L, Moore SL, Xu X, Wu W, Shabani S, Zhou L, Wang Z, Mooshammer F, Ray E, Wilson N, Schuck PJ, Dean CR, Pasupathy AN, Lipson M, Xu X, Zhu X, Millis AJ, Liu M, Hone JC, Basov DN. Nano-spectroscopy of excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:542. [PMID: 35087038 PMCID: PMC8795359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28117-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitons play a dominant role in the optoelectronic properties of atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) semiconductors. These excitons are amenable to on-demand engineering with diverse control knobs, including dielectric screening, interlayer hybridization, and moiré potentials. However, external stimuli frequently yield heterogeneous excitonic responses at the nano- and meso-scales, making their spatial characterization with conventional diffraction-limited optics a formidable task. Here, we use a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) to acquire exciton spectra in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide microcrystals with previously unattainable 20 nm resolution. Our nano-optical data revealed material- and stacking-dependent exciton spectra of MoSe2, WSe2, and their heterostructures. Furthermore, we extracted the complex dielectric function of these prototypical vdW semiconductors. s-SNOM hyperspectral images uncovered how the dielectric screening modifies excitons at length scales as short as few nanometers. This work paves the way towards understanding and manipulation of excitons in atomically thin layers at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Baichang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Aaron J Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A S McLeod
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - S L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xinyi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Sara Shabani
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Zhiying Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Fabian Mooshammer
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Essance Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan Wilson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - P J Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - C R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A N Pasupathy
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Michal Lipson
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - A J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Mengkun Liu
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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38
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Blackburn TJ, Tyler SM, Pemberton JE. Optical Spectroscopy of Surfaces, Interfaces, and Thin Films. Anal Chem 2022; 94:515-558. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c05323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Blackburn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sarah M. Tyler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jeanne E. Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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39
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Lee J, Jeon DJ, Yeo JS. Quantum Plasmonics: Energy Transport Through Plasmonic Gap. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006606. [PMID: 33891781 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
At the interfaces of metal and dielectric materials, strong light-matter interactions excite surface plasmons; this allows electromagnetic field confinement and enhancement on the sub-wavelength scale. Such phenomena have attracted considerable interest in the field of exotic material-based nanophotonic research, with potential applications including nonlinear spectroscopies, information processing, single-molecule sensing, organic-molecule devices, and plasmon chemistry. These innovative plasmonics-based technologies can meet the ever-increasing demands for speed and capacity in nanoscale devices, offering ultrasensitive detection capabilities and low-power operations. Size scaling from the nanometer to sub-nanometer ranges is consistently researched; as a result, the quantum behavior of localized surface plasmons, as well as those of matter, nonlocality, and quantum electron tunneling is investigated using an innovative nanofabrication and chemical functionalization approach, thereby opening a new era of quantum plasmonics. This new field enables the ultimate miniaturization of photonic components and provides extreme limits on light-matter interactions, permitting energy transport across the extremely small plasmonic gap. In this review, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments of quantum plasmonic resonators with particular focus on novel materials is presented. By exploring the novel gap materials in quantum regime, the potential quantum technology applications are also searched for and mapped out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Jin Jeon
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
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40
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Anantharaman SB, Jo K, Jariwala D. Exciton-Photonics: From Fundamental Science to Applications. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12628-12654. [PMID: 34310122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductors in all dimensionalities ranging from 0D quantum dots and molecules to 3D bulk crystals support bound electron-hole pair quasiparticles termed excitons. Over the past two decades, the emergence of a variety of low-dimensional semiconductors that support excitons combined with advances in nano-optics and photonics has burgeoned an advanced area of research that focuses on engineering, imaging, and modulating the coupling between excitons and photons, resulting in the formation of hybrid quasiparticles termed exciton-polaritons. This advanced area has the potential to bring about a paradigm shift in quantum optics, as well as classical optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a review on the coupling of light in excitonic semiconductors and previous investigations of the optical properties of these hybrid quasiparticles via both far-field and near-field imaging and spectroscopy techniques. Special emphasis is given to recent advances with critical evaluation of the bottlenecks that plague various materials toward practical device implementations including quantum light sources. Our review highlights a growing need for excitonic material development together with optical engineering and imaging techniques to harness the utility of excitons and their host materials for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra B Anantharaman
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kiyoung Jo
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Deep Jariwala
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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41
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular vibrational polariton: Its dynamics and potentials in novel chemistry and quantum technology. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:050901. [PMID: 34364350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular vibrational polaritons, a hybridized quasiparticle formed by the strong coupling between molecular vibrational modes and photon cavity modes, have attracted tremendous attention in the chemical physics community due to their peculiar influence on chemical reactions. At the same time, the half-photon half-matter characteristics of polaritons make them suitable to possess properties from both sides and lead to new features that are useful for photonic and quantum technology applications. To eventually use polaritons for chemical and quantum applications, it is critical to understand their dynamics. Due to the intrinsic time scale of cavity modes and molecular vibrational modes in condensed phases, polaritons can experience dynamics on ultrafast time scales, e.g., relaxation from polaritons to dark modes. Thus, ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy becomes an ideal tool to investigate such dynamics. In this Perspective, we give an overview of recent ultrafast spectroscopic works by our group and others in the field. These recent works show that molecular vibrational polaritons can have distinct dynamics from its pure molecular counterparts, such as intermolecular vibrational energy transfer and hot vibrational dynamics. We then discuss some current challenges and future opportunities, such as the possible use of ultrafast vibrational dynamics, to understand cavity-modified reactions and routes to develop molecular vibrational polaritons as new room temperature quantum platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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42
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Abstract
Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy, such as tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), generally suffers from inconsistent signal enhancement and difficulty in polarization-resolved measurement. To address this problem, we present adaptive tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy optimizing the nano-optical vector-field at the tip apex. Specifically, we demonstrate dynamic wavefront shaping of the excitation field to effectively couple light to the tip and adaptively control for enhanced sensitivity and polarization-controlled TEPL and TERS. Employing a sequence feedback algorithm, we achieve ~4.4 × 104-fold TEPL enhancement of a WSe2 monolayer which is >2× larger than the normal TEPL intensity without wavefront shaping. In addition, with dynamical near-field polarization control in TERS, we demonstrate the investigation of conformational heterogeneity of brilliant cresyl blue molecules and the controllable observation of IR-active modes due to a large gradient field effect. Adaptive tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy thus provides for a systematic approach towards computational nanoscopy making optical nano-imaging more robust and widely deployable. Tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy suffers from inconsistent signal and difficulty in polarization-resolved measurement. Here, the authors present adaptive tip-enhanced nano-spectroscopy, which enables the additional signal enhancement and near-field polarization control via dynamic wavefront shaping.
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43
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Lee H, Woo JY, Park DY, Jo I, Park J, Lee Y, Koo Y, Choi J, Kim H, Kim YH, Jeong MS, Jeong S, Park KD. Tip-Induced Strain Engineering of a Single Metal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9057-9064. [PMID: 33988975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering of perovskite quantum dots (pQDs) enables widely tunable photonic device applications. However, manipulation at the single-emitter level has never been attempted. Here, we present a tip-induced control approach combined with tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL) spectroscopy to engineer strain, bandgap, and the emission quantum yield of a single pQD. Single CsPbBrxI3-x pQDs are clearly resolved through hyperspectral TEPL imaging with ∼10 nm spatial resolution. The plasmonic tip then directly applies pressure to a single pQD to facilitate a bandgap shift up to ∼62 meV with Purcell-enhanced PL increase as high as ∼105 for the strain-induced pQD. Furthermore, by systematically modulating the tip-induced compressive strain of a single pQD, we achieve dynamical bandgap engineering in a reversible manner. In addition, we facilitate the quantum dot coupling for a pQD ensemble with ∼0.8 GPa tip pressure at the nanoscale estimated theoretically. Our approach presents a strategy to tune the nano-opto-electro-mechanical properties of pQDs at the single-crystal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Young Woo
- Manufacturing Process Platform R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Park
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Jo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jusun Park
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeunhee Lee
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Choi
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seok Jeong
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Jeong
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Atom and Quantum Materials Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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Koo Y, Kim Y, Choi SH, Lee H, Choi J, Lee DY, Kang M, Lee HS, Kim KK, Lee G, Park KD. Tip-Induced Nano-Engineering of Strain, Bandgap, and Exciton Funneling in 2D Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008234. [PMID: 33709476 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of the bandgap, absorption and emission energies, photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield, exciton transport, and energy transfer in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers provides a new class of functions for a wide range of ultrathin photonic devices. Recent strain-engineering approaches have enabled to tune some of these properties, yet dynamic control at the nanoscale with real-time and -space characterizations remains a challenge. Here, a dynamic nano-mechanical strain-engineering of naturally-formed wrinkles in a WSe2 monolayer, with real-time investigation of nano-spectroscopic properties is demonstrated using hyperspectral adaptive tip-enhanced PL (a-TEPL) spectroscopy. First, nanoscale wrinkles are characterized through hyperspectral a-TEPL nano-imaging with <15 nm spatial resolution, which reveals the modified nano-excitonic properties by the induced tensile strain at the wrinkle apex, for example, an increase in the quantum yield due to the exciton funneling, decrease in PL energy up to ≈10 meV, and a symmetry change in the TEPL spectra caused by the reconfigured electronic bandstructure. Then the local strain is dynamically engineered by pressing and releasing the wrinkle apex through an atomic force tip control. This nano-mechanical strain-engineering allows to tune the exciton dynamics and emission properties at the nanoscale in a reversible fashion. In addition, a systematic switching and modulation platform of the wrinkle emission is demonstrated, which provides a new strategy for robust, tunable, and ultracompact nano-optical sources in atomically thin semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchul Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ho Choi
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Choi
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingu Kang
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Kang Kim
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics (CINAP), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Wave Energy Materials, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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45
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Complex plasmon-exciton dynamics revealed through quantum dot light emission in a nanocavity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1310. [PMID: 33637699 PMCID: PMC7910578 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic cavities can confine electromagnetic radiation to deep sub-wavelength regimes. This facilitates strong coupling phenomena to be observed at the limit of individual quantum emitters. Here, we report an extensive set of measurements of plasmonic cavities hosting one to a few semiconductor quantum dots. Scattering spectra show Rabi splitting, demonstrating that these devices are close to the strong coupling regime. Using Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometry, we observe non-classical emission, allowing us to directly determine the number of emitters in each device. Surprising features in photoluminescence spectra point to the contribution of multiple excited states. Using model simulations based on an extended Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian, we find that the involvement of a dark state of the quantum dots explains the experimental findings. The coupling of quantum emitters to plasmonic cavities thus exposes complex relaxation pathways and emerges as an unconventional means to control dynamics of quantum states.
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46
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Sternbach AJ, Chae SH, Latini S, Rikhter AA, Shao Y, Li B, Rhodes D, Kim B, Schuck PJ, Xu X, Zhu XY, Averitt RD, Hone J, Fogler MM, Rubio A, Basov DN. Programmable hyperbolic polaritons in van der Waals semiconductors. Science 2021; 371:617-620. [PMID: 33542134 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Collective electronic modes or lattice vibrations usually prohibit propagation of electromagnetic radiation through the bulk of common materials over a frequency range associated with these oscillations. However, this textbook tenet does not necessarily apply to layered crystals. Highly anisotropic materials often display nonintuitive optical properties and can permit propagation of subdiffractional waveguide modes, with hyperbolic dispersion, throughout their bulk. Here, we report on the observation of optically induced electronic hyperbolicity in the layered transition metal dichalcogenide tungsten diselenide (WSe2). We used photoexcitation to inject electron-hole pairs in WSe2 and then visualized, by transient nanoimaging, the hyperbolic rays that traveled along conical trajectories inside of the crystal. We establish here the signatures of programmable hyperbolic electrodynamics and assess the role of quantum transitions of excitons within the Rydberg series in the observed polaritonic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sternbach
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - S H Chae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - S Latini
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A A Rikhter
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Y Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - B Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - D Rhodes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - B Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - P J Schuck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - X Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - R D Averitt
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - J Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - M M Fogler
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - A Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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47
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May MA, Jiang T, Du C, Park KD, Xu X, Belyanin A, Raschke MB. Nanocavity Clock Spectroscopy: Resolving Competing Exciton Dynamics in WSe 2/MoSe 2 Heterobilayers. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:522-528. [PMID: 33301334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures are an emergent platform for novel many-body states from exciton condensates to nanolasers. However, their exciton dynamics are difficult to disentangle due to multiple competing processes with time scales varying over many orders of magnitude. Using a configurable nano-optical cavity based on a plasmonic scanning probe tip, the radiative (rad) and nonradiative (nrad) relaxation of intra- and interlayer excitons is controlled. Tuning their relative rates in a WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayer over 6 orders of magnitude in tip-enhanced photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a cavity-induced crossover from nonradiative quenching to Purcell-enhanced radiation. Rate equation modeling with the interlayer charge transfer time as a reference clock allows for a comprehensive determination from the long interlayer exciton (IX) radiative lifetime τIXrad = (94 ± 27) ns to the 5 orders of magnitude faster competing nonradiative lifetime τIXnrad = (0.6 ± 0.2) ps. This approach of nanocavity clock spectroscopy is generally applicable to a wide range of excitonic systems with competing decay pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A May
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structured Materials, and School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Chenfeng Du
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, Washington, United States
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle 98195, Washington, United States
| | - Alexey Belyanin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843, Texas, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
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Bitton O, Gupta SN, Cao Y, Vaskevich A, Houben L, Yelin T, Haran G. Improving the quality factors of plasmonic silver cavities for strong coupling with quantum emitters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014703. [PMID: 33412871 DOI: 10.1063/5.0034739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic cavities (PCs) made of metallic nanostructures can concentrate electromagnetic radiation into an ultrasmall volume, where it might strongly interact with quantum emitters. In recent years, there has been much interest in studying such a strong coupling in the limit of single emitters. However, the lossy nature of PCs, reflected in their broad spectra, limits their quality factors and hence their performance as cavities. Here, we study the effect of the adhesion layer used in the fabrication of metal nanostructures on the spectral linewidths of bowtie-structured PCs. Using dark-field microspectroscopy, as well as electron energy loss spectroscopy, it is found that a reduction in the thickness of the chromium adhesion layer we use from 3 nm to 0.1 nm decreases the linewidths of both bright and dark plasmonic modes. We further show that it is possible to fabricate bowtie PCs without any adhesion layer, in which case the linewidth may be narrowed by as much as a factor of 2. Linewidth reduction increases the quality factor of these PCs accordingly, and it is shown to facilitate reaching the strong-coupling regime with semiconductor quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Bitton
- Chemical Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Satyendra Nath Gupta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Alexander Vaskevich
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Chemical Research Support Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tamar Yelin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gilad Haran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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Zheng P, Kang J, Paria D, Kang JU, Barman I. Molecular Radiative Energy Shifts under Strong Oscillating Fields. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007244. [PMID: 33354911 PMCID: PMC8099018 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coherent manipulation of light-matter interactions is pivotal to the advancement of nanophotonics. Conventionally, the non-resonant optical Stark effect is harnessed for band engineering by intense laser pumping. However, this method is hindered by the transient Stark shifts and the high-energy laser pumping which, by itself, is precluded as a nanoscale optical source due to light diffraction. As an analog of photons in a laser, surface plasmons are uniquely positioned to coherently interact with matter through near-field coupling, thereby, providing a potential source of electric fields. Herein, the first demonstration of plasmonic Stark effect is reported and attributed to a newly uncovered energy-bending mechanism. As a complementary approach to the optical Stark effect, it is envisioned that the plasmonic Stark effect will advance fundamental understanding of coherent light-matter interactions and will also provide new opportunities for advanced optoelectronic tools, such as ultrafast all-optical switches and biological nanoprobes at lower light power levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jeeun Kang
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21231, United States
| | - Debadrita Paria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Jin U. Kang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, United States
| | - Ishan Barman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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Xu X, Jin S. Strong coupling of single quantum dots with low-refractive-index/high-refractive-index materials at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/47/eabb3095. [PMID: 33219020 PMCID: PMC7679155 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Strong coupling between a cavity and transition dipole moments in emitters leads to vacuum Rabi splitting. Researchers have not reported strong coupling between a single emitter and a dielectric cavity at room temperature until now. In this study, we investigated the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of colloidal quantum dots on the surface of a SiO2/Si material at various collection angles at room temperature. We measured the corresponding reflection spectra for the SiO2/Si material and compared them with the PL spectra. We observed PL spectral splitting and regarded it as strong coupling between colloidal quantum dots and the SiO2/Si material. Upper polaritons and lower polaritons exhibited anticrossing behavior. We observed Rabi splitting from single-photon emission in the dielectric cavity at room temperature. Through analysis, we attributed the Rabi splitting to strong coupling between quantum dots and bound states in the continuum in the low-refractive-index/high-refractive-index hybrid material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingsheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China.
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Siyue Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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