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Zhao XY, Xu DE, Wu ML, Liu JC, Shi ZL, Ma QH. Regulation and function of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:6-20. [PMID: 38767472 PMCID: PMC11246128 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum, a key cellular organelle, regulates a wide variety of cellular activities. Endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, one of the quality control systems of the endoplasmic reticulum, plays a pivotal role in maintaining endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis by controlling endoplasmic reticulum turnover, remodeling, and proteostasis. In this review, we briefly describe the endoplasmic reticulum quality control system, and subsequently focus on the role of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy, emphasizing the spatial and temporal mechanisms underlying the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy according to cellular requirements. We also summarize the evidence relating to how defective or abnormal endoplasmic reticulum autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. In summary, this review highlights the mechanisms associated with the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy and how they influence the pathophysiology of degenerative nerve disorders. This review would help researchers to understand the roles and regulatory mechanisms of endoplasmic reticulum-phagy in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - De-En Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ji-Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zi-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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2
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Wang XX, Chen WZ, Li C, Xu RS. Current potential pathogenic mechanisms of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:549-563. [PMID: 38381656 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease which damages upper and lower motor neurons (UMN and LMN) innervating the muscles of the trunk, extremities, head, neck and face in cerebrum, brain stem and spinal cord, which results in the progressive weakness, atrophy and fasciculation of muscle innervated by the related UMN and LMN, accompanying with the pathological signs leaded by the cortical spinal lateral tract lesion. The pathogenesis about ALS is not fully understood, and no specific drugs are available to cure and prevent the progression of this disease at present. In this review, we reviewed the structure and associated functions of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), discuss why SOD1 is crucial to the pathogenesis of ALS, and outline the pathogenic mechanisms of SOD1 in ALS that have been identified at recent years, including glutamate-related excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, axonal transport disruption, prion-like propagation, and the non-cytologic toxicity of glial cells. This review will help us to deeply understand the current progression in this field of SOD1 pathogenic mechanisms in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wen-Zhi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ren-Shi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, The Clinical College of Nanchang Medical College, National Regional Center for Neurological Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Jiangxi Hospital, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
- Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, China
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3
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Zhao D, Song J, Ji C. Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates apoptosis and chemotherapeutic via enhancing TNFRSF10B recycling to the cell membrane in triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2024:10.1007/s12094-024-03509-1. [PMID: 38967737 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03509-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most common malignant tumor in China. The expression and cell surface levels of TNF receptor superfamily member 10B (TNFRSF10B) are associated with apoptosis and chemotherapy. However, the precise molecular mechanisms that govern the regulation of TNFRSF10B remain unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA-Seq data related to TNBC chemotherapy resistance were acquired from the GEO database. The mRNA and protein levels of TNFRSF10B were detected using RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Annexin V/7-AAD staining was used to evaluate apoptosis. The cell membrane TNFRSF10B was analyzed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Inducers and inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) were used to assess the effect of ERS on TNFRSF10B localization. RESULTS TNFRSF10B expression was downregulated in TNBC and was associated with prognosis. TNFRSF10B overexpression inhibits the growth of TNBC both in vivo and in vitro and can partially counteract chemotherapy resistance. ERS activation in TNBC promotes the expression of TNFRSF10B, leading to its enrichment on the cell membrane surface, thereby activating the apoptotic pathways. CONCLUSION ERS regulates the expression and subcellular localization of TNFRSF10B in TNBC cells. They synergistically affect anti-apoptosis and chemotherapy resistance in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhao
- Breast Surgery (4Th General) Unit, General Surgery Department, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry, No.24 Centre Street, Xinfu District, Fushun City, 113008, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Jian Song
- Breast Surgery (4Th General) Unit, General Surgery Department, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry, No.24 Centre Street, Xinfu District, Fushun City, 113008, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chongyao Ji
- Breast Surgery (4Th General) Unit, General Surgery Department, General Hospital of Fushun Mining Bureau of Liaoning Health Industry, No.24 Centre Street, Xinfu District, Fushun City, 113008, Liaoning Province, China
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4
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Walczak-Szeffer A, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Endoplasmic reticulum stress as a target for retinoids in cancer treatment. Life Sci 2024; 352:122892. [PMID: 38971363 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Retinoids, natural and synthetic derivatives of vitamin A, have various regulatory activities including controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and death. Furthermore, they have been used to treat specific cancers with satisfying results. Nevertheless, retinoids have yet to be converted into effective systemic therapies for the majority of tumor types. Regulation of unfolded protein response signaling, and persistent activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER-stress) are promising treatment methods for cancer. The present article reviews the current understanding of how vitamin A and its derivatives may aid to cause ER-stress-activated apoptosis, as well as therapeutic options for exploiting ER-stress for achieving beneficial goal. The therapeutic use of some retinoids discussed in this article was related to decreased disease recurrence and improved therapeutic outcomes via ER-stress activation and promotion, indicating that retinoids may play an important role in cancer treatment and prevention. More research is needed to expand the use of vitamin A derivatives in cancer therapy, either alone or in combination with unfolded protein response inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Walczak-Szeffer
- Department of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
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5
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Ghannam A, Hahn V, Fan J, Tasevski S, Moughni S, Li G, Zhang Z. Sex-specific and cell-specific regulation of ER stress and neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury in juvenile mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114806. [PMID: 38701941 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and neuroinflammation play an important role in secondary brain damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Due to the complex brain cytoarchitecture, multiple cell types are affected by TBI. However, cell type-specific and sex-specific responses to ER stress and neuroinflammation remain unclear. Here we investigated differential regulation of ER stress and neuroinflammatory pathways in neurons and microglia during the acute phase post-injury in a mouse model of impact acceleration TBI in both males and females. We found that TBI resulted in significant weight loss only in males, and sensorimotor impairment and depressive-like behaviors in both males and females at the acute phase post-injury. By concurrently isolating neurons and microglia from the same brain sample of the same animal, we were able to evaluate the simultaneous responses in neurons and microglia towards ER stress and neuroinflammation in both males and females. We discovered that the ER stress and anti-inflammatory responses were significantly stronger in microglia, especially in female microglia, compared with the male and female neurons. Whereas the degree of phosphorylated-tau (pTau) accumulation was significantly higher in neurons, compared with the microglia. In conclusion, TBI resulted in behavioral deficits and cell type-specific and sex-specific responses to ER stress and neuroinflammation, and abnormal protein accumulation at the acute phase after TBI in immature mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Ghannam
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States of America.
| | - Victoria Hahn
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States of America.
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States of America.
| | - Stefanie Tasevski
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States of America.
| | - Sara Moughni
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States of America.
| | - Gengxin Li
- Statistics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States of America.
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters, University of Michigan-Dearborn, 4901 Evergreen Rd, Dearborn, MI 48128, United States of America.
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6
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Bidooki SH, Barranquero C, Sánchez-Marco J, Martínez-Beamonte R, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Navarro MA, Fernandes SCM, Osada J. TXNDC5 Plays a Crucial Role in Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Activity through Different ER Stress Signaling Pathways in Hepatic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7128. [PMID: 39000233 PMCID: PMC11241358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is influenced by a number of variables, including endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER). Thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase family and acts as an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone. Nevertheless, the function of TXNDC5 in hepatocytes under ER stress remains largely uncharacterized. In order to identify the role of TXNDC5 in hepatic wild-type (WT) and TXNDC5-deficient (KO) AML12 cell lines, tunicamycin, palmitic acid, and thapsigargin were employed as stressors. Cell viability, mRNA, protein levels, and mRNA splicing were then assayed. The protein expression results of prominent ER stress markers indicated that the ERN1 and EIF2AK3 proteins were downregulated, while the HSPA5 protein was upregulated. Furthermore, the ATF6 protein demonstrated no significant alterations in the absence of TXNDC5 at the protein level. The knockout of TXNDC5 has been demonstrated to increase cellular ROS production and its activity is required to maintain normal mitochondrial function during tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Tunicamycin has been observed to disrupt the protein levels of HSPA5, ERN1, and EIF2AK3 in TXNDC5-deficient cells. However, palmitic acid has been observed to disrupt the protein levels of ATF6, HSPA5, and EIF2AK3. In conclusion, TXNDC5 can selectively activate distinct ER stress pathways via HSPA5, contingent on the origin of ER stress. Conversely, the absence of TXNDC5 can disrupt the EIF2AK3 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hesamoddin Bidooki
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.-Y.)
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64 000 Pau, France;
- MANTA—Marine Materials Research Group, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64 600 Anglet, France
| | - Cristina Barranquero
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.-Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (M.A.N.)
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.-Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.-Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María A. Navarro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.-Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana C. M. Fernandes
- Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (IPREM), Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, 64 000 Pau, France;
- MANTA—Marine Materials Research Group, Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, 64 600 Anglet, France
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.H.B.); (J.S.-M.); (R.M.-B.); (M.A.N.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain; (C.B.); (M.J.R.-Y.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Siragusa G, Brandi J, Rawling T, Murray M, Cecconi D. Triphenylphosphonium-Conjugated Palmitic Acid for Mitochondrial Targeting of Pancreatic Cancer Cells: Proteomic and Molecular Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6790. [PMID: 38928494 PMCID: PMC11203427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC)'s resistance to therapies is mainly attributed to pancreatic cancer stem cells (PCSCs). Mitochondria-impairing agents can be used to hamper PCSC propagation and reduce PDAC progression. Therefore, to develop an efficient vector for delivering drugs to the mitochondria, we synthesized tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl)phosphonium-conjugated palmitic acid. Triphenylphosphonium (TPP) is a lipophilic cationic moiety that promotes the accumulation of conjugated agents in the mitochondrion. Palmitic acid (PA), the most common saturated fatty acid, has pro-apoptotic activity in different types of cancer cells. TPP-PA was prepared by the reaction of 16-bromopalmitic acid with TPP, and its structure was characterized by 1H and 13C NMR and HRMS. We compared the proteomes of TPP-PA-treated and untreated PDAC cells and PCSCs, identifying dysregulated proteins and pathways. Furthermore, assessments of mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular ROS, cardiolipin content and lipid peroxidation, ER stress, and autophagy markers provided information on the mechanism of action of TPP-PA. The findings showed that TPP-PA reduces PDAC cell proliferation through mitochondrial disruption that leads to increased ROS, activation of ER stress, and autophagy. Hence, TPP-PA might offer a new approach for eliminating both the primary population of cancer cells and PCSCs, which highlights the promise of TPP-derived compounds as anticancer agents for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Siragusa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Jessica Brandi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (J.B.)
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Michael Murray
- Molecular Drug Development Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;
| | - Daniela Cecconi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy; (G.S.); (J.B.)
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8
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Białek W, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Czechowicz P, Sławski J, Collawn JF, Czogalla A, Bartoszewski R. The lipid side of unfolded protein response. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159515. [PMID: 38844203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2024.159515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Although our current knowledge of the molecular crosstalk between the ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR), and lipid homeostasis remains limited, there is increasing evidence that dysregulation of either protein or lipid homeostasis profoundly affects the other. Most research regarding UPR signaling in human diseases has focused on the causes and consequences of disrupted protein folding. The UPR itself consists of very complex pathways that function to not only maintain protein homeostasis, but just as importantly, modulate lipid biogenesis to allow the ER to adjust and promote cell survival. Lipid dysregulation is known to activate many aspects of the UPR, but the complexity of this crosstalk remains a major research barrier. ER lipid disequilibrium and lipotoxicity are known to be important contributors to numerous human pathologies, including insulin resistance, liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Despite their medical significance and continuous research, however, the molecular mechanisms that modulate lipid synthesis during ER stress conditions, and their impact on cell fate decisions, remain poorly understood. Here we summarize the current view on crosstalk and connections between altered lipid metabolism, ER stress, and the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Białek
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Czechowicz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Sławski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - James F Collawn
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Aleksander Czogalla
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Bartoszewski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
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9
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Lee C, Park M, Wijesinghe WCB, Na S, Lee CG, Hwang E, Yoon G, Lee JK, Roh DH, Kwon YH, Yang J, Hughes SA, Vince JE, Seo JK, Min D, Kwon TH. Oxidative photocatalysis on membranes triggers non-canonical pyroptosis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4025. [PMID: 38740804 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47634-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracellular membranes composing organelles of eukaryotes include membrane proteins playing crucial roles in physiological functions. However, a comprehensive understanding of the cellular responses triggered by intracellular membrane-focused oxidative stress remains elusive. Herein, we report an amphiphilic photocatalyst localised in intracellular membranes to damage membrane proteins oxidatively, resulting in non-canonical pyroptosis. Our developed photocatalysis generates hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxides via water oxidation, which is accelerated under hypoxia. Single-molecule magnetic tweezers reveal that photocatalysis-induced oxidation markedly destabilised membrane protein folding. In cell environment, label-free quantification reveals that oxidative damage occurs primarily in membrane proteins related to protein quality control, thereby aggravating mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress and inducing lytic cell death. Notably, the photocatalysis activates non-canonical inflammasome caspases, resulting in gasdermin D cleavage to its pore-forming fragment and subsequent pyroptosis. These findings suggest that the oxidation of intracellular membrane proteins triggers non-canonical pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaiheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, O2MEDi inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Park
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - W C Bhashini Wijesinghe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Na
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Gyu Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center, O2MEDi inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwangsu Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Ho Roh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Kwon
- Research Center, O2MEDi inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yang
- Research Center, O2MEDi inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastian A Hughes
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James E Vince
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeong Kon Seo
- Research Center, O2MEDi inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- UNIST Central Research Facility, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duyoung Min
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyuk Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- X-Dynamic Research Center, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Research Center, O2MEDi inc., Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Device Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
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Ding S, Li G, Fu T, Zhang T, Lu X, Li N, Geng Q. Ceramides and mitochondrial homeostasis. Cell Signal 2024; 117:111099. [PMID: 38360249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity arises from the accumulation of lipid intermediates in non-adipose tissue, precipitating cellular dysfunction and death. Ceramide, a toxic byproduct of excessive free fatty acids, has been widely recognized as a primary contributor to lipotoxicity, mediating various cellular processes such as apoptosis, differentiation, senescence, migration, and adhesion. As the hub of lipid metabolism, the excessive accumulation of ceramides inevitably imposes stress on the mitochondria, leading to the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, which is typified by adequate ATP production, regulated oxidative stress, an optimal quantity of mitochondria, and controlled mitochondrial quality. Consequently, this review aims to collate current knowledge and facts regarding the involvement of ceramides in mitochondrial energy metabolism and quality control, thereby providing insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ding
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tinglv Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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11
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Al Otaibi A, Al Shaikh Mubarak S, Al Hejji F, Almasaud A, Al Jami H, Iqbal J, Al Qarni A, Harbi NKA, Bakillah A. Thapsigargin and Tunicamycin Block SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Host Cells via Differential Modulation of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), AKT Signaling, and Apoptosis. Cells 2024; 13:769. [PMID: 38727305 PMCID: PMC11083125 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-Co-V2 infection can induce ER stress-associated activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in host cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. To understand the complex interplay between SARS-Co-V2 infection and UPR signaling, we examined the effects of acute pre-existing ER stress on SARS-Co-V2 infectivity. METHODS Huh-7 cells were treated with Tunicamycin (TUN) and Thapsigargin (THA) prior to SARS-CoV-2pp transduction (48 h p.i.) to induce ER stress. Pseudo-typed particles (SARS-CoV-2pp) entry into host cells was measured by Bright GloTM luciferase assay. Cell viability was assessed by cell titer Glo® luminescent assay. The mRNA and protein expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western Blot. RESULTS TUN (5 µg/mL) and THA (1 µM) efficiently inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2pp into host cells without any cytotoxic effect. TUN and THA's attenuation of virus entry was associated with differential modulation of ACE2 expression. Both TUN and THA significantly reduced the expression of stress-inducible ER chaperone GRP78/BiP in transduced cells. In contrast, the IRE1-XBP1s and PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathways were downregulated with THA treatment, but not TUN in transduced cells. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake and phosphorylation of Ser307 IRS-1 and downstream p-AKT were enhanced with THA in transduced cells. Furthermore, TUN and THA differentially affected lipid metabolism and apoptotic signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that short-term pre-existing ER stress prior to virus infection induces a specific UPR response in host cells capable of counteracting stress-inducible elements signaling, thereby depriving SARS-Co-V2 of essential components for entry and replication. Pharmacological manipulation of ER stress in host cells might provide new therapeutic strategies to alleviate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al Otaibi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sindiyan Al Shaikh Mubarak
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al Hejji
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
| | - Abdulrahman Almasaud
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.J.); (N.K.A.H.)
| | - Haya Al Jami
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.J.); (N.K.A.H.)
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Al Harbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.J.); (N.K.A.H.)
| | - Ahmed Bakillah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Nam KH, Ordureau A. How does the neuronal proteostasis network react to cellular cues? Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:581-592. [PMID: 38488108 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Even though neurons are post-mitotic cells, they still engage in protein synthesis to uphold their cellular content balance, including for organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria. Additionally, they expend significant energy on tasks like neurotransmitter production and maintaining redox homeostasis. This cellular homeostasis is upheld through a delicate interplay between mRNA transcription-translation and protein degradative pathways, such as autophagy and proteasome degradation. When faced with cues such as nutrient stress, neurons must adapt by altering their proteome to survive. However, in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, the pathway and processes for coping with cellular stress are impaired. This review explores neuronal proteome adaptation in response to cellular stress, such as nutrient stress, with a focus on proteins associated with autophagy, stress response pathways, and neurotransmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hong Nam
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
| | - Alban Ordureau
- Cell Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, U.S.A
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13
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Metcalf MG, Monshietehadi S, Sahay A, Durieux J, Frakes AE, Velichkovska M, Mena C, Farinas A, Sanchez M, Dillin A. Cell non-autonomous control of autophagy and metabolism by glial cells. iScience 2024; 27:109354. [PMID: 38500817 PMCID: PMC10946330 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Glia are the protectors of the nervous system, providing neurons with support and protection from cytotoxic insults. We previously discovered that four astrocyte-like glia can regulate organismal proteostasis and longevity in C. elegans. Expression of the UPRER transcription factor, XBP-1s, in these glia increases stress resistance, and longevity, and activates the UPRER in intestinal cells via neuropeptides. Autophagy, a key regulator of metabolism and aging, has been described as a cell autonomous process. Surprisingly, we find that glial XBP-1s enhances proteostasis and longevity by cell non-autonomously reprogramming organismal lipid metabolism and activating autophagy. Glial XBP-1s regulates the activation of another transcription factor, HLH-30/TFEB, in the intestine. HLH-30 activates intestinal autophagy, increases intestinal lipid catabolism, and upregulates a robust transcriptional program. Our study reveals a novel role for glia in regulating peripheral lipid metabolism, autophagy, and organellar health through peripheral activation of HLH-30 and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa G. Metcalf
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samira Monshietehadi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Arushi Sahay
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jenni Durieux
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ashley E. Frakes
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martina Velichkovska
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cesar Mena
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amelia Farinas
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Melissa Sanchez
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Oorloff M, Hruby A, Averbukh M, Alcala A, Dutta N, Torres TC, Moaddeli D, Vega M, Kim J, Bong A, Coakley AJ, Hicks D, Wang J, Wang T, Hoang S, Tharp KM, Garcia G, Higuchi-Sanabria R. Mechanical stress through growth on stiffer substrates impacts animal health and longevity in C. elegans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.11.589121. [PMID: 38645203 PMCID: PMC11030433 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.11.589121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical stress is a measure of internal resistance exhibited by a body or material when external forces, such as compression, tension, bending, etc. are applied. The study of mechanical stress on health and aging is a continuously growing field, as major changes to the extracellular matrix and cell-to-cell adhesions can result in dramatic changes to tissue stiffness during aging and diseased conditions. For example, during normal aging, many tissues including the ovaries, skin, blood vessels, and heart exhibit increased stiffness, which can result in a significant reduction in function of that organ. As such, numerous model systems have recently emerged to study the impact of mechanical and physical stress on cell and tissue health, including cell-culture conditions with matrigels and other surfaces that alter substrate stiffness and ex vivo tissue models that can apply stress directly to organs like muscle or tendons. Here, we sought to develop a novel method in an in vivo, model organism setting to study the impact of mechanical stress on aging, by increasing substrate stiffness in solid agar medium of C. elegans . To our surprise, we found shockingly limited impact of growth of C. elegans on stiffer substrates, including limited effects on cellular health, gene expression, organismal health, stress resilience, and longevity. Overall, our studies reveal that altering substrate stiffness of growth medium for C. elegans have only mild impact on animal health and longevity; however, these impacts were not nominal and open up important considerations for C. elegans biologists in standardizing agar medium choice for experimental assays.
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15
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Yamagata K, Tsuyama T, Sato Y. Roles of β-Cell Hypoxia in the Progression of Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4186. [PMID: 38673770 PMCID: PMC11050445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease marked by hyperglycemia; impaired insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells is a hallmark of this disease. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia occurs in the β-cells of patients with type 2 diabetes and hypoxia, in turn, contributes to the insulin secretion defect and β-cell loss through various mechanisms, including the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors, induction of transcriptional repressors, and activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. This review focuses on advances in our understanding of the contribution of β-cell hypoxia to the development of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. A better understanding of β-cell hypoxia might be useful in the development of new strategies for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Tomonori Tsuyama
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan;
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16
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Domma AJ, Henderson LA, Nurdin JA, Kamil JP. Uncloaking the viral glycocalyx: How do viruses exploit glycoimmune checkpoints? Adv Virus Res 2024; 119:63-110. [PMID: 38897709 PMCID: PMC11192240 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The surfaces of cells and enveloped viruses alike are coated in carbohydrates that play multifarious roles in infection and immunity. Organisms across all kingdoms of life make use of a diverse set of monosaccharide subunits, glycosidic linkages, and branching patterns to encode information within glycans. Accordingly, sugar-patterning enzymes and glycan binding proteins play integral roles in cell and organismal biology, ranging from glycoprotein quality control within the endoplasmic reticulum to lymphocyte migration, coagulation, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis. Unsurprisingly, genes involved in generating and recognizing oligosaccharide patterns are playgrounds for evolutionary conflicts that abound in cross-species interactions, exemplified by the myriad plant lectins that function as toxins. In vertebrates, glycans bearing acidic nine-carbon sugars called sialic acids are key regulators of immune responses. Various bacterial and fungal pathogens adorn their cells in sialic acids that either mimic their hosts' or are stolen from them. Yet, how viruses commandeer host sugar-patterning enzymes to thwart immune responses remains poorly studied. Here, we review examples of viruses that interact with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs), a family of immune cell receptors that regulate toll-like receptor signaling and govern glycoimmune checkpoints, while highlighting knowledge gaps that merit investigation. Efforts to illuminate how viruses leverage glycan-dependent checkpoints may translate into new clinical treatments that uncloak viral antigens and infected cell surfaces by removing or masking immunosuppressive sialoglycans, or by inhibiting viral gene products that induce their biosynthesis. Such approaches may hold the potential to unleash the immune system to clear long intractable chronic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Domma
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | | | - Jeffery A Nurdin
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Jeremy P Kamil
- LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States.
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17
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Geng X, Li H, Wang X, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Zinc attenuates arsenic overdose-induced brain damage via PERK/ATF6 and TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109806. [PMID: 38042229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to arsenic (As), a widespread non-metallic toxicant in nature, often results in neurotoxicity, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Zinc (Zn) is a powerful nutrient often thought to be beneficial for growth, development and immunity. Whether Zn can rescue brain damage caused by As contamination remains to be demonstrated. Therefore, in this study, a 30-day model of As poisoning (2.83 mg/L) in carp was established and treated with Zn (1 mg/L) to investigate the detoxification mechanism involved. Histological observations showed that As induced the loosening of the molecular layer structure of the cerebellum and the dissolution or even disappearance of nuclei, accompanied by the occurrence of microthrombi in the granular layer, and the addition of Zn attenuated such As-induced damage. Further mechanistic studies indicated that Zn ameliorated As exposure-induced abnormalities in antioxidant capacity (decreased CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD), activation of the Nrf2/keap1 pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERs), which is a key factor in As-induced brain damage. ERs (high expression of PERK, ATF6, CHOP, eiF2α and GRP78) and inflammation (overexpression of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, IKK, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6 and low expression of IκBα and IL-10). We suggest that Zn can alleviate excessive As-induced brain damage by attenuating As-induced oxidative stress, PERK/ATF6 and TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathways. The present study fills in the preventive mechanism of As injury in fish and provides the possibility of prevention and control of As pollution-induced brain tissue injury by Zn rescue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiren Geng
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xuehuan Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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18
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Wu J, Yang OJ, Soderblom EJ, Yan D. Heat Shock Proteins Function as Signaling Molecules to Mediate Neuron-Glia Communication During Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.18.576052. [PMID: 38293019 PMCID: PMC10827141 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.18.576052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The nervous system is primarily composed of neurons and glia, and the communication between them plays profound roles in regulating the development and function of the brain. Neuron-glia signal transduction is known to be mediated by secreted or juxtacrine signals through ligand-receptor interactions on the cell membrane. Here, we report a novel mechanism for neuron-glia signal transduction, wherein neurons transmit proteins to glia through extracellular vesicles, activating glial signaling pathways. We find that in the amphid sensory organ of Caenorhabditis elegans, different sensory neurons exhibit varying aging rates. This discrepancy in aging is governed by the crosstalk between neurons and glia. We demonstrate that early-aged neurons can transmit heat shock proteins (HSP) to glia via extracellular vesicles. These neuronal HSPs activate the IRE1-XBP1 pathway, further increasing their expression in glia, forming a positive feedback loop. Ultimately, the activation of the IRE1-XBP-1 pathway leads to the transcriptional regulation of chondroitin synthases to protect glia-embedded neurons from aging-associated functional decline. Therefore, our studies unveil a novel mechanism for neuron-glia communication in the nervous system and provide new insights into our understanding of brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyu Wu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Olivia Jiaming Yang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- East Chapel Hill High School, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Erik J. Soderblom
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core Facility, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell biology, Department of Neurobiology, Regeneration next, and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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An J, Du C, Xue W, Huang J, Zhong Y, Ren G, Shang Y, Xu B. Endoplasmic reticulum stress participates in apoptosis of HeLa cells exposed to TPHP and OH-TPHP via the eIF2α-ATF4/ATF3-CHOP-DR5/P53 signaling pathway. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1159-1170. [PMID: 38145092 PMCID: PMC10734570 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) is a widely used organophosphate flame retardant, which can be transformed in vivo into diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and 4-hydroxyphenyl phosphate (diphenyl) ester (OH-TPHP) through biotransformation process. Accumulation of TPHP and its derivatives in biological tissues makes it necessary to investigate their toxicity and molecular mechanism. Methods The present study evaluated the cellular effects of TPHP, DPHP, and OH-TPHP on cell survival, cell membrane damage, oxidative damage, and cell apoptosis using HeLa cells as in vitro model. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to monitor the differently expressed genes, and then RT-qPCR and Western bolt were used to identify potential molecular mechanisms and key hub genes. Results Results showed that OH-TPHP had the most significant cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells, followed by TPHP; and no significant cytotoxic effects were observed for DPHP exposure within the experimental concentrations. Biological function enrichment analysis suggested that TPHP and OH-TPHP exposure may induce endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and cell apoptosis. The nodes filtering revealed that ERS and apoptosis related genes were involved in biological effects induced by TPHP and OH-TPHP, which may be mediated through the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α/activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)/ATF3- CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) cascade pathway and death receptor 5 (DR5) /P53 signaling axis. Conclusion Above all, these findings indicated that ERS-mediated apoptosis might be one of potential mechanisms for cytotoxicity of TPHP and OH-TPHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Chenyang Du
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Wanlei Xue
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Jin Huang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yufang Zhong
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Guofa Ren
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Nanchen Road 333, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Bingye Xu
- Zhejiang Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Ecological and Environmental Monitoring, Forewarning and Quality Control, Xueyuan Road 117, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
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Jackson KG, Way GW, Zeng J, Lipp MK, Zhou H. The Dynamic Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Chronic Liver Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1389-1399. [PMID: 37028592 PMCID: PMC10548273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major worldwide public health threat, with an estimated prevalence of 1.5 billion individuals with CLD in 2020. Chronic activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related pathways is recognized as substantially contributing to the pathologic progression of CLD. The ER is an intracellular organelle that folds proteins into their correct three-dimensional shapes. ER-associated enzymes and chaperone proteins highly regulate this process. Perturbations in protein folding lead to misfolded or unfolded protein accumulation in the ER lumen, resulting in ER stress and concomitant activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The adaptive UPR is a set of signal transduction pathways evolved in mammalian cells that attempts to reestablish ER protein homeostasis by reducing protein load and increasing ER-associated degradation. However, maladaptive UPR responses in CLD occur due to prolonged UPR activation, leading to concomitant inflammation and cell death. This review assesses the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate ER stress and the UPR in the progression of various liver diseases and the potential pharmacologic and biological interventions that target the UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn G Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Grayson W Way
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jing Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Marissa K Lipp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Huiping Zhou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Central Virginia Veterans Healthcare System, Richmond, Virginia.
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21
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Wu J, Yu H, Jin Y, Wang J, Zhou L, Cheng T, Zhang Z, Lin B, Miao J, Lin Z. Ajugol's upregulation of TFEB-mediated autophagy alleviates endoplasmic reticulum stress in chondrocytes and retards osteoarthritis progression in a mouse model. Chin Med 2023; 18:113. [PMID: 37679844 PMCID: PMC10483732 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00824-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative disease with a high global prevalence, is characterized by the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the apoptosis of chondrocytes. Ajugol, a extract derived from the herb Rehmannia glutinosa, has not yet been investigated for its potential in modulating the development of OA. METHODS We employed techniques such as western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, X-ray imaging, HE staining, and SO staining to provide biological evidence supporting the role of Ajugol as a potential therapeutic agent for modulating OA. Furthermore, in an in vivo experiment, intra-peritoneal injection of 50 mg/kg Ajugol effectively mitigated the progression of OA following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. RESULTS Our findings revealed that treatment with 50 μM Ajugol activated TFEB-mediated autophagy, alleviating ER stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis and ECM degradation caused by TBHP. Furthermore, in an in vivo experiment, intra-peritoneal injection of 50 mg/kg Ajugol effectively mitigated the progression of OA following destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery. CONCLUSION These results provide compelling biological evidence supporting the role of Ajugol as a potential therapeutic agent for modulating OA by activating autophagy and attenuating ER stress-induced cell death and ECM degradation. The promising in vivo results further suggest the potential of Ajugol as a treatment strategy for OA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yangcan Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jingquan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liwen Zhou
- The First School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Teng Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Binghao Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiansen Miao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhongke Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
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22
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Kim GB, Kim S, Hwang YH, Kim S, Lee I, Kim SA, Goo J, Yang Y, Jeong C, Nam GH, Kim IS. Harnessing Oncolytic Extracellular Vesicles for Tumor Cell-Preferential Cytoplasmic Delivery of Misfolded Proteins for Cancer Immunotherapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300527. [PMID: 37226374 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are reimagined as more than just a cellular waste disposal system and are repurposed for cancer immunotherapy. Potent oncolytic EVs (bRSVF-EVs) loaded with misfolded proteins (MPs) are engineered, which are typically considered cellular debris. By impairing lysosomal function using bafilomycin A1 and expressing the respiratory syncytial virus F protein, a viral fusogen, MPs are successfully loaded into the EVs expressing RSVF. bRSVF-EVs preferentially transplant a xenogeneic antigen onto cancer cell membranes in a nucleolin-dependent manner, triggering an innate immune response. Furthermore, bRSVF-EV-mediated direct delivery of MPs into the cancer cell cytoplasm initiates endoplasmic reticulum stress and immunogenic cell death (ICD). This mechanism of action leads to substantial antitumor immune responses in murine tumor models. Importantly, when combined with PD-1 blockade, bRSVF-EV treatment elicits robust antitumor immunity, resulting in prolonged survival and complete remission in some cases. Overall, the findings demonstrate that utilizing tumor-targeting oncolytic EVs for direct cytoplasmic delivery of MPs to induce ICD in cancer cells represents a promising approach for enhancing durable antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Beom Kim
- SHIFTBIO.INC, Seoul, 02751, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yeong Ha Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Kim
- SHIFTBIO.INC, Seoul, 02751, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyu Lee
- SHIFTBIO.INC, Seoul, 02751, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong A Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Goo
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherlhyun Jeong
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyunghee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hoon Nam
- SHIFTBIO.INC, Seoul, 02751, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In-San Kim
- SHIFTBIO.INC, Seoul, 02751, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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23
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Chinchankar MN, Taylor WB, Ko SH, Apple EC, Rodriguez KA, Chen L, Fisher AL. A novel endoplasmic reticulum adaptation is critical for the long-lived Caenorhabditis elegans rpn-10 proteasomal mutant. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194957. [PMID: 37355092 PMCID: PMC10528105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The loss of proteostasis due to reduced efficiency of protein degradation pathways plays a key role in multiple age-related diseases and is a hallmark of the aging process. Paradoxically, we have previously reported that the Caenorhabditis elegans rpn-10(ok1865) mutant, which lacks the RPN-10/RPN10/PSMD4 subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome, exhibits enhanced cytosolic proteostasis, elevated stress resistance and extended lifespan, despite possessing reduced proteasome function. However, the response of this mutant against threats to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and proteostasis was unknown. Here, we find that the rpn-10 mutant is highly ER stress resistant compared to the wildtype. Under unstressed conditions, the ER unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in the rpn-10 mutant as signified by increased xbp-1 splicing. This primed response appears to alter ER homeostasis through the upregulated expression of genes involved in ER protein quality control (ERQC), including those in the ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. Pertinently, we find that ERQC is critical for the rpn-10 mutant longevity. These changes also alter ER proteostasis, as studied using the C. elegans alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency model, which comprises an intestinal ER-localised transgenic reporter of an aggregation-prone form of AAT called ATZ. The rpn-10 mutant shows a significant reduction in the accumulation of the ATZ reporter, thus indicating that its ER proteostasis is augmented. Via a genetic screen for suppressors of decreased ATZ aggregation in the rpn-10 mutant, we then identified ecps-2/H04D03.3, a novel ortholog of the proteasome-associated adaptor and scaffold protein ECM29/ECPAS. We further show that ecps-2 is required for improved ER proteostasis as well as lifespan extension of the rpn-10 mutant. Thus, we propose that ECPS-2-proteasome functional interactions, alongside additional putative molecular processes, contribute to a novel ERQC adaptation which underlies the superior proteostasis and longevity of the rpn-10 mutant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghna N Chinchankar
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio (UTHSCSA), SA, TX, United States of America; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA, SA, TX, United States of America
| | - William B Taylor
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America
| | - Su-Hyuk Ko
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio (UTHSCSA), SA, TX, United States of America; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA, SA, TX, United States of America
| | - Ellen C Apple
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio (UTHSCSA), SA, TX, United States of America; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA, SA, TX, United States of America
| | - Karl A Rodriguez
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA, SA, TX, United States of America
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, UT Health San Antonio (UTHSCSA), SA, TX, United States of America; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UTHSCSA, SA, TX, United States of America
| | - Alfred L Fisher
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States of America.
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24
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Muse O, Patell R, Peters CG, Yang M, El-Darzi E, Schulman S, Falanga A, Marchetti M, Russo L, Zwicker JI, Flaumenhaft R. The unfolded protein response links ER stress to cancer-associated thrombosis. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170148. [PMID: 37651191 PMCID: PMC10629814 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis is a common complication of advanced cancer, yet the cellular mechanisms linking malignancy to thrombosis are poorly understood. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an ER stress response associated with advanced cancers. A proteomic evaluation of plasma from patients with gastric and non-small cell lung cancer who were monitored prospectively for venous thromboembolism demonstrated increased levels of UPR-related markers in plasma of patients who developed clots compared with those who did not. Release of procoagulant activity into supernatants of gastric, lung, and pancreatic cancer cells was enhanced by UPR induction and blocked by antagonists of the UPR receptors inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK). Release of extracellular vesicles bearing tissue factor (EVTFs) from pancreatic cancer cells was inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of IRE1α/XBP1 or PERK pathways. Induction of UPR did not increase tissue factor (TF) synthesis, but rather stimulated localization of TF to the cell surface. UPR-induced TF delivery to EVTFs was inhibited by ADP-ribosylation factor 1 knockdown or GBF1 antagonism, verifying the role of vesicular trafficking. Our findings show that UPR activation resulted in increased vesicular trafficking leading to release of prothrombotic EVTFs, thus providing a mechanistic link between ER stress and cancer-associated thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyosi Muse
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rushad Patell
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christian G. Peters
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Moua Yang
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emale El-Darzi
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sol Schulman
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna Falanga
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Marina Marchetti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Laura Russo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Jeffrey I. Zwicker
- Hematology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Flaumenhaft
- Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Chen C, Deng Y, Liu L, Zou Z, Jin C, Chen Z, Wang S. High-Dose Deltamethrin Induces Developmental Toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans via IRE-1. Molecules 2023; 28:6303. [PMID: 37687132 PMCID: PMC10488762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DM), a Type II pyrethroid, is widely used worldwide in agriculture, household applications, and medicine. Recent studies have shown that DM exerts a variety of toxic effects on organs such as the kidney, heart muscle, and nerves in animals. However, little is known about the effects of high-dose DM on growth and development, and the mechanism of toxicity remains unclear. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans model, we found that high-dose DM caused a delay in nematode development. Our results showed that high-dose DM reduced the activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER). Further studies revealed that high-dose DM-induced developmental toxicity and reduced capacity for UPRER activation were associated with the IRE-1/XBP-1 pathway. Our results provide new evidence for the developmental toxicity of DM and new insights into the mechanism of DM toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Crop Pests in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China (Z.C.)
| | - Ying Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Crop Pests in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Linyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Crop Pests in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
| | - Zhenyan Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China (Z.C.)
| | - Chenzhong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Crop Pests in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China (Z.C.)
| | - Zhiyin Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China (Z.C.)
| | - Shuanghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Control of Crop Pests in Hunan Higher Education, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Farmland Weeds Control Techniques and Application of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, China (Z.C.)
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26
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Garcia G, Zhang H, Moreno S, Tsui CK, Webster BM, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Dillin A. Lipid homeostasis is essential for a maximal ER stress response. eLife 2023; 12:e83884. [PMID: 37489956 PMCID: PMC10368420 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in lipid metabolism are associated with aging and age-related diseases, including proteopathies. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is uniquely a major hub for protein and lipid synthesis, making its function essential for both protein and lipid homeostasis. However, it is less clear how lipid metabolism and protein quality may impact each other. Here, we identified let-767, a putative hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in Caenorhabditis elegans, as an essential gene for both lipid and ER protein homeostasis. Knockdown of let-767 reduces lipid stores, alters ER morphology in a lipid-dependent manner, and blocks induction of the Unfolded Protein Response of the ER (UPRER). Interestingly, a global reduction in lipogenic pathways restores UPRER induction in animals with reduced let-767. Specifically, we find that supplementation of 3-oxoacyl, the predicted metabolite directly upstream of let-767, is sufficient to block induction of the UPRER. This study highlights a novel interaction through which changes in lipid metabolism can alter a cell's response to protein-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Sophia Moreno
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Brant Michael Webster
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Andrew Dillin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
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27
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Tamayo-Molina YS, Velilla PA, Hernández-Sarmiento LJ, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Multitranscript analysis reveals an effect of 2-deoxy-d-glucose on gene expression linked to unfolded protein response and integrated stress response in primary human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023:130397. [PMID: 37290716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) binds to hexokinase in a non-competitive manner and phosphoglucose isomerase in a competitive manner, blocking the initial steps of the glycolytic pathway. Although 2-DG stimulates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activating the unfolded protein response to restore protein homeostasis, it is unclear which ER stress-related genes are modulated in response to 2-DG treatment in human primary cells. Here, we aimed to determine whether the treatment of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with 2-DG leads to a transcriptional profile specific to ER stress. METHODS We performed bioinformatics analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in previously reported RNA-seq datasets of 2-DG treated cells. RT-qPCR was performed to verify the sequencing data on cultured MDMs. RESULTS A total of 95 common DEGs were found by transcriptional analysis of monocytes and MDMs treated with 2-DG. Among these, 74 were up-regulated and 21 were down-regulated. Multitranscript analysis showed that DEGs are linked to integrated stress response (GRP78/BiP, PERK, ATF4, CHOP, GADD34, IRE1α, XBP1, SESN2, ASNS, PHGDH), hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (GFAT1, GNA1, PGM3, UAP1), and mannose metabolism (GMPPA and GMPPB). CONCLUSIONS Results reveal that 2-DG triggers a gene expression program that might be involved in restoring protein homeostasis in primary cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE 2-DG is known to inhibit glycolysis and induce ER stress; however, its effect on gene expression in primary cells is not well understood. This work shows that 2-DG is a stress inducer shifting the metabolic state of monocytes and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Tamayo-Molina
- Immunovirology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Paula A Velilla
- Immunovirology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Immunovirology Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellin, Colombia.
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28
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Wang YF, Ma RX, Zou B, Li J, Yao Y, Li J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates autophagic response that is involved in Saikosaponin a-induced liver cell damage. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 88:105534. [PMID: 36539104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin a (Ssa) is an active ingredient of the Chinese herbal plant Radix Bupleuri (RB) and has severe hepatotoxicity. However, biomolecular mechanisms involved in Ssa-induced hepatotoxicity are not yet entirely clear. Previous studies reported that Ssd (an isomer of Ssa) as a sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor can induce autophagy in apoptotic defective cells, leading to autophagy-dependent cell death. Therefore, we speculate that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy may also play an important role in Ssa-induced hepatocyte death. This study aimed to explore the connection between ER stress and autophagy and Ssa-induced hepatotoxicity. Experiments in vitro showed that the cell viability of L-02 cells in the Ssa treatment group decreased, the level of autophagy marker LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin1 increased, the level of p62 decreased, the colocalization of autophagosome and lysosome increased, and the cell viability was significantly increased after the application of autophagy inhibitors 3-MA. In addition, SSa can induce ER stress in L-02 cells in vitro. Further studies demonstrated that SSa activated the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/CHOP pathway, IRE1-TRAF2 pathway, ATF6 pathway, and AMPK/mTOR pathway associated with ER stress. Application of ER stress inhibitors 4-PBA can significantly down-regulate the level of autophagy and improve cell viability. Results of in vivo experiments showed that treatment with 150 and 300 mg/kg Ssa significantly elevated the liver/body weight ratio and caused histological injury in mice liver. Furthermore, Ssa treatment induced significantly downregulated p62 expression but upregulated LC3-II, CHOP, and GRP78 expression in mice livers. Taken together, our results showed that SSa can activate endoplasmic reticulum stress, promote toxic autophagy, and then induce cell death. We revealed an alternative mechanism involving autophagy and ERs, by which Ssa induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Feng Wang
- School of Public Health & Management, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Rui-Xia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
| | - Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China; Key Laboratory of Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yinchuan 750004, China.
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Lin DW, Hsu YC, Chang CC, Hsieh CC, Lin CL. Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of NRF2 in Kidney Injury and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076053. [PMID: 37047024 PMCID: PMC10094034 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox is a constant phenomenon in organisms. From the signaling pathway transduction to the oxidative stress during the inflammation and disease process, all are related to reduction-oxidation (redox). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor targeting many antioxidant genes. In non-stressed conditions, NRF2 maintains the hemostasis of redox with housekeeping work. It expresses constitutively with basal activity, maintained by Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)-associated ubiquitination and degradation. When encountering stress, it can be up-regulated by several mechanisms to exert its anti-oxidative ability in diseases or inflammatory processes to protect tissues and organs from further damage. From acute kidney injury to chronic kidney diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy or glomerular disease, many results of studies have suggested that, as a master of regulating redox, NRF2 is a therapeutic option. It was not until the early termination of the clinical phase 3 trial of diabetic nephropathy due to heart failure as an unexpected side effect that we renewed our understanding of NRF2. NRF2 is not just a simple antioxidant capacity but has pleiotropic activities, harmful or helpful, depending on the conditions and backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Martin de Porres Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chien Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Chang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Hsieh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- Kidney and Diabetic Complications Research Team (KDCRT), Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei 105, Taiwan
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
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31
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Wang J, Chen KY, Wang SH, Liu Y, Zhao YQ, Yang L, Yang GH, Wang XJ, Zhu YH, Yin JH, Wang JF. Effects of Spatial Expression of Activating Transcription Factor 4 on the Pathogenicity of Two Phenotypes of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus by Regulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mediated Autophagy Process. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0422522. [PMID: 36939351 PMCID: PMC10101076 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04225-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is a highly conserved stress-defense mechanism and activates the adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) to mitigate imbalance. The ER stress-activated signaling pathways can also trigger autophagy to facilitate cellular repair. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) utilizes the host cellular ER as the primary site of the life cycle. However, the interplay between cellular ER stress and BVDV replication remains unclear. This report reveals that cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) BVDV have distinct strategies to regulate UPR mechanisms and ER stress-mediated autophagy for their own benefit. Immunoblot analysis revealed that cp and ncp BVDV differentially regulated the abundance of ER chaperone GRP78 for viral replication, while the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway of the UPR was switched on at different stages of infection. Pretreatment with ER stress inducer promoted virion replication, but RNA interference (RNAi) knockdown of ATF4 in BVDV-infected cells significantly attenuated BVDV infectivity titers. More importantly, the effector ATF4 activated by cp BVDV infection translocated into the nucleus to mediate autophagy, but ATF4 was retained in the cytoplasm during ncp BVDV infection. In addition, we found that cp BVDV core protein was localized in the ER to induce ER stress-mediated autophagy. Overall, the potential therapeutic target ATF4 may contribute to the global eradication campaign of BVDV. IMPORTANCE The ER-tropic viruses hijack the host cellular ER as the replication platform of the life cycle, which can lead to strong ER stress. The UPR and related transcriptional cascades triggered by ER stress play a crucial role in viral replication and pathogenesis, but little is known about these underlying mechanisms. Here, we report that cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV use different strategies to reprogram the cellular UPR and ER stress-mediated autophagy for their own advantage. The cytopathic BVDV unconventionally downregulated the expression level of GRP78, creating perfect conditions for self-replication via the UPR, and the noncytopathic BVDV retained ATF4 in the cytoplasm to provide an advantage for its persistent infection. Our findings provide new insights into exploring how BVDV and other ER-tropic viruses reprogram the UPR signaling pathway in the host cells for replication and reveal the attractive host target ATF4 for new antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Yuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Hua Wang
- OIE Porcine-Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Reference Laboratory, China Animal Disease Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Qing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Hui Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Hong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-hua Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Jiu-Feng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wang Z, Li Q, Kolls BJ, Mace B, Yu S, Li X, Liu W, Chaparro E, Shen Y, Dang L, Del Águila Á, Bernstock JD, Johnson KR, Yao J, Wetsel WC, Moore SD, Turner DA, Yang W. Sustained overexpression of spliced X-box-binding protein-1 in neurons leads to spontaneous seizures and sudden death in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:252. [PMID: 36894627 PMCID: PMC9998612 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04594-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying etiologies of seizures are highly heterogeneous and remain incompletely understood. While studying the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways in the brain, we unexpectedly discovered that transgenic mice (XBP1s-TG) expressing spliced X-box-binding protein-1 (Xbp1s), a key effector of UPR signaling, in forebrain excitatory neurons, rapidly develop neurologic deficits, most notably recurrent spontaneous seizures. This seizure phenotype begins around 8 days after Xbp1s transgene expression is induced in XBP1s-TG mice, and by approximately 14 days post induction, the seizures evolve into status epilepticus with nearly continuous seizure activity followed by sudden death. Animal death is likely due to severe seizures because the anticonvulsant valproic acid could significantly prolong the lives of XBP1s-TG mice. Mechanistically, our gene profiling analysis indicates that compared to control mice, XBP1s-TG mice exhibit 591 differentially regulated genes (mostly upregulated) in the brain, including several GABAA receptor genes that are notably downregulated. Finally, whole-cell patch clamp analysis reveals a significant reduction in both spontaneous and tonic GABAergic inhibitory responses in Xbp1s-expressing neurons. Taken together, our findings unravel a link between XBP1s signaling and seizure occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoran Wang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brad J Kolls
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Brian Mace
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shu Yu
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eduardo Chaparro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lihong Dang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ángela Del Águila
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kory R Johnson
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NINDS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Junjie Yao
- Department of Bioengineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Scott D Moore
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dennis A Turner
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Neurobiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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Yu J, Yang X, Zheng J, Sgobio C, Sun L, Cai H. Deficiency of Perry syndrome-associated p150 Glued in midbrain dopaminergic neurons leads to progressive neurodegeneration and endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:35. [PMID: 36879021 PMCID: PMC9988887 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00478-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple missense mutations in p150Glued are linked to Perry syndrome (PS), a rare neurodegenerative disease pathologically characterized by loss of nigral dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. Here we generated p150Glued conditional knockout (cKO) mice by deleting p150Glued in midbrain DAergic neurons. The young cKO mice displayed impaired motor coordination, dystrophic DAergic dendrites, swollen axon terminals, reduced striatal dopamine transporter (DAT), and dysregulated dopamine transmission. The aged cKO mice showed loss of DAergic neurons and axons, somatic accumulation of α-synuclein, and astrogliosis. Further mechanistic studies revealed that p150Glued deficiency in DAergic neurons led to the reorganization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in dystrophic dendrites, upregulation of ER tubule-shaping protein reticulon 3, accumulation of DAT in reorganized ERs, dysfunction of COPII-mediated ER export, activation of unfolded protein response, and exacerbation of ER stress-induced cell death. Our findings demonstrate the importance of p150Glued in controlling the structure and function of ER, which is critical for the survival and function of midbrain DAergic neurons in PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China.
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Xuan Yang
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Jiayin Zheng
- Basic Research Center, Institute for Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Beijing Geriatric Hospital, Beijing, 100095, China
| | - Carmelo Sgobio
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, 81377, Germany
| | - Lixin Sun
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huaibin Cai
- Transgenics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Cui S, Hu H, Chen A, Cui M, Pan X, Zhang P, Wang G, Wang H, Hao H. SIRT1 activation synergizes with FXR agonism in hepatoprotection via governing nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and degradation of FXR. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:559-576. [PMID: 36873184 PMCID: PMC9978964 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is widely accepted as a promising target for various liver diseases; however, panels of ligands in drug development show limited clinical benefits, without a clear mechanism. Here, we reveal that acetylation initiates and orchestrates FXR nucleocytoplasmic shuttling and then enhances degradation by the cytosolic E3 ligase CHIP under conditions of liver injury, which represents the major culprit that limits the clinical benefits of FXR agonists against liver diseases. Upon inflammatory and apoptotic stimulation, enhanced FXR acetylation at K217, closed to the nuclear location signal, blocks its recognition by importin KPNA3, thereby preventing its nuclear import. Concomitantly, reduced phosphorylation at T442 within the nuclear export signals promotes its recognition by exportin CRM1, and thereby facilitating FXR export to the cytosol. Acetylation governs nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of FXR, resulting in enhanced cytosolic retention of FXR that is amenable to degradation by CHIP. SIRT1 activators reduce FXR acetylation and prevent its cytosolic degradation. More importantly, SIRT1 activators synergize with FXR agonists in combating acute and chronic liver injuries. In conclusion, these findings innovate a promising strategy to develop therapeutics against liver diseases by combining SIRT1 activators and FXR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huijian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - An Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ming Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaojie Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Ferraro F, Steinle A, Narasimhan H, Bleilevens A, Stolzenberg PM, Braunschweig T, Stickeler E, Maurer J. IRAK2 Downregulation in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Decreases Cellular Growth In Vitro and Delays Tumour Progression in Murine Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032520. [PMID: 36768848 PMCID: PMC9917074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for tumour recurrence and therapy resistance. We have established primary BCSC cultures from human tumours of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a subgroup of breast cancer likely driven by BCSCs. Primary BCSCs produce xenografts that phenocopy the tumours of origin, making them an ideal model for studying breast cancer treatment options. In the TNBC cell line MDA-MB-468, we previously screened kinases whose depletion elicited a differentiation response, among which IRAK2 was identified. Because primary BCSCs are enriched in IRAK2, we wondered whether IRAK2 downregulation might affect cellular growth. IRAK2 was downregulated in primary BCSCs and MDA-MB-468 by lentiviral delivery of shRNA, causing a decrease in cellular proliferation and sphere-forming capacity. When orthotopically transplanted into immunocompromised mice, IRAK2 knockdown cells produced smaller xenografts than control cells. At the molecular level, IRAK2 downregulation reduced NF-κB and ERK phosphorylation, IL-6 and cyclin D1 expression, ERN1 signalling and autophagy in a cell line-dependent way. Overall, IRAK2 downregulation decreased cellular aggressive growth and pathways often exploited by cancer cells to endure stress; therefore, IRAK2 may be considered an interesting target to compromise TNBC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferraro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anja Steinle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Harini Narasimhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Paula-Marie Stolzenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Braunschweig
- Pathology Institute, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0241-80-37051
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Shrestha N, Torres M, Zhang J, Lu Y, Haataja L, Reinert RB, Knupp J, Chen YJ, Parlakgul G, Arruda AP, Tsai B, Arvan P, Qi L. Integration of ER protein quality control mechanisms defines β cell function and ER architecture. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163584. [PMID: 36346671 PMCID: PMC9797341 DOI: 10.1172/jci163584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Three principal ER quality-control mechanisms, namely, the unfolded protein response, ER-associated degradation (ERAD), and ER-phagy are each important for the maintenance of ER homeostasis, yet how they are integrated to regulate ER homeostasis and organellar architecture in vivo is largely unclear. Here we report intricate crosstalk among the 3 pathways, centered around the SEL1L-HRD1 protein complex of ERAD, in the regulation of organellar organization in β cells. SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD deficiency in β cells triggers activation of autophagy, at least in part, via IRE1α (an endogenous ERAD substrate). In the absence of functional SEL1L-HRD1 ERAD, proinsulin is retained in the ER as high molecular weight conformers, which are subsequently cleared via ER-phagy. A combined loss of both SEL1L and autophagy in β cells leads to diabetes in mice shortly after weaning, with premature death by approximately 11 weeks of age, associated with marked ER retention of proinsulin and β cell loss. Using focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy powered by deep-learning automated image segmentation and 3D reconstruction, our data demonstrate a profound organellar restructuring with a massive expansion of ER volume and network in β cells lacking both SEL1L and autophagy. These data reveal at an unprecedented detail the intimate crosstalk among the 3 ER quality-control mechanisms in the dynamic regulation of organellar architecture and β cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mauricio Torres
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason Zhang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - You Lu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leena Haataja
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachel B. Reinert
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jeffrey Knupp
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gunes Parlakgul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Ana Paula Arruda
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Arvan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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GRP75 Modulates Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Coupling and Accelerates Ca 2+-Dependent Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Diabetic Retinopathy. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121778. [PMID: 36551205 PMCID: PMC9776029 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial dysfunction play fundamental roles in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, the interrelationship between the ER and mitochondria are poorly understood in DR. Here, we established high glucose (HG) or advanced glycosylation end products (AGE)-induced human retinal vascular endothelial cell (RMEC) models in vitro, as well as a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DR rat model in vivo. Our data demonstrated that there was increased ER-mitochondria coupling in the RMECs, which was accompanied by elevated mitochondrial calcium ions (Ca2+) and mitochondrial dysfunction under HG or AGE incubation. Mechanistically, ER-mitochondria coupling was increased through activation of the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 axis, which transferred Ca2+ from the ER to the mitochondria. Elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ led to an increase in mitochondrial ROS and a decline in mitochondrial membrane potential. These events resulted in the elevation of mitochondrial permeability and induced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm, which further activated caspase-3 and promoted apoptosis. The above phenomenon was also observed in tunicamycin (TUN, ER stress inducer)-treated cells. Meanwhile, BAPTA-AM (calcium chelator) rescued mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in DR, which further confirmed of our suspicions. In addition, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, was shown to reverse retinal dysfunction in STZ-induced DR rats in vivo. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that DR fueled the formation of ER-mitochondria coupling via the IP3R1-GRP75-VDAC1 axis and accelerated Ca2+-dependent cell apoptosis. Our results demonstrated that inhibition of ER-mitochondrial coupling, including inhibition of GRP75 or Ca2+ overload, may be a potential therapeutic target in DR.
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Henke W, Waisner H, Arachchige SP, Kalamvoki M, Stephens E. The envelope proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV potently reduce the infectivity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Retrovirology 2022; 19:25. [PMID: 36403071 PMCID: PMC9675205 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-022-00611-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viroporins are virally encoded ion channels involved in virus assembly and release. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus encode for viroporins. The human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 encodes for at least two viroporins, a small 75 amino acid transmembrane protein known as the envelope (E) protein and a larger 275 amino acid protein known as Orf3a. Here, we compared the replication of HIV-1 in the presence of four different β-coronavirus E proteins. RESULTS We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV E proteins reduced the release of infectious HIV-1 yields by approximately 100-fold while MERS-CoV or HCoV-OC43 E proteins restricted HIV-1 infectivity to a lesser extent. Mechanistically, neither reverse transcription nor mRNA synthesis was involved in the restriction. We also show that all four E proteins caused phosphorylation of eIF2-α at similar levels and that lipidation of LC3-I could not account for the differences in restriction. However, the level of caspase 3 activity in transfected cells correlated with HIV-1 restriction in cells. Finally, we show that unlike the Vpu protein of HIV-1, the four E proteins did not significantly down-regulate bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that while viroporins from homologous viruses can enhance virus release, we show that a viroporin from a heterologous virus can suppress HIV-1 protein synthesis and release of infectious virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt Henke
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and ImmunologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, 2000 Hixon Hall 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas, KS 66160 USA
| | - Hope Waisner
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and ImmunologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, 2000 Hixon Hall 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas, KS 66160 USA
| | - Sachith Polpitiya Arachchige
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and ImmunologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, 2000 Hixon Hall 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas, KS 66160 USA
| | - Maria Kalamvoki
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and ImmunologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, 2000 Hixon Hall 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas, KS 66160 USA
| | - Edward Stephens
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and ImmunologyUniversity of Kansas Medical Center, 2000 Hixon Hall 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas, KS 66160 USA
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Mizumoto T, Yoshizawa T, Sato Y, Ito T, Tsuyama T, Satoh A, Araki S, Tsujita K, Tamura M, Oike Y, Yamagata K. SIRT7 Deficiency Protects against Aging-Associated Glucose Intolerance and Extends Lifespan in Male Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223609. [PMID: 36429037 PMCID: PMC9688483 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7 in mammals) are evolutionarily conserved nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent lysine deacetylases/deacylases that regulate fundamental biological processes including aging. In this study, we reveal that male Sirt7 knockout (KO) mice exhibited an extension of mean and maximum lifespan and a delay in the age-associated mortality rate. In addition, aged male Sirt7 KO mice displayed better glucose tolerance with improved insulin sensitivity compared with wild-type (WT) mice. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) enhances insulin sensitivity and extends lifespan when it is overexpressed. Serum levels of FGF21 were markedly decreased with aging in WT mice. In contrast, this decrease was suppressed in Sirt7 KO mice, and the serum FGF21 levels of aged male Sirt7 KO mice were higher than those of WT mice. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) stimulates Fgf21 transcription, and the hepatic levels of Atf4 mRNA were increased in aged male Sirt7 KO mice compared with WT mice. Our findings indicate that the loss of SIRT7 extends lifespan and improves glucose metabolism in male mice. High serum FGF21 levels might be involved in the beneficial effect of SIRT7 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Mizumoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yoshizawa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Sato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsuyama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Akiko Satoh
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Araki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tsujita
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba-shi 305-0074, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yamagata
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-96-373-5068; Fax: +81-96-364-6940
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Recovery Sleep Immediately after Prolonged Sleep Deprivation Stimulates the Transcription of Integrated Stress Response-Related Genes in the Liver of Male Rats. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:623-632. [PMID: 36412581 PMCID: PMC9680379 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep loss induces performance impairment and fatigue. The reactivation of human herpesvirus-6, which is related to the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), is one candidate for use as an objective biomarker of fatigue. Phosphorylated eIF2α is a key regulator in integrated stress response (ISR), an intracellular stress response system. However, the relation between sleep/sleep loss and ISR is unclear. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged sleep deprivation and recovery sleep on ISR-related gene expression in rat liver. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 96-hour sleep deprivation using a flowerpot technique. The rats were sacrificed, and the liver was collected immediately or 6 or 72 h after the end of the sleep deprivation. RT-qPCR was used to analyze the expression levels of ISR-related gene transcripts in the rat liver. The transcript levels of the Atf3, Ddit3, Hmox-1, and Ppp15a1r genes were markedly increased early in the recovery sleep period after the termination of sleep deprivation. These results indicate that both activation and inactivation of ISRs in the rat liver occur simultaneously in the early phase of recovery sleep.
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Henke W, Waisner H, Arachchige SP, Kalamvoki M, Stephens E. The Envelope Proteins from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV Potently Reduce the Infectivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1). RESEARCH SQUARE 2022:rs.3.rs-2175808. [PMID: 36324807 PMCID: PMC9628187 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2175808/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Viroporins are virally encoded ion channels involved in virus assembly and release. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and influenza A virus encode for viroporins. The human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 encodes for at least two viroporins, a small 75 amino acid transmembrane protein known as the envelope (E) protein and a larger 275 amino acid protein known as Orf3a. Here, we compared the replication of HIV-1 in the presence of four different β-coronavirus E proteins. Results We observed that the SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV E proteins reduced the release of infectious HIV-1 yields by approximately 100-fold while MERS-CoV or HCoV-OC43 E proteins restricted HIV-1 infectivity to a lesser extent. Mechanistically, neither reverse transcription nor mRNA synthesis was involved in the restriction. We also show that all four E proteins caused phosphorylation of eIF2-α at similar levels and that lipidation of LC3-I could not account for the differences in restriction. However, the level of caspase 3 activity in transfected cells correlated with HIV-1 restriction in cells. Finally, we show that unlike the Vpu protein of HIV-1, the four E proteins did not significantly down-regulate bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST-2). Conclusions The results of this study indicate that while viroporins from homologous viruses can enhance virus release, we show that a viroporin from a heterologous virus can suppress HIV-1 protein synthesis and release of infectious virus.
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42
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Vivas W, Weis S. Tidy up - The unfolded protein response in sepsis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980680. [PMID: 36341413 PMCID: PMC9632622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens, their toxic byproducts, and the subsequent immune reaction exert different forms of stress and damage to the tissue of the infected host. This stress can trigger specific transcriptional and post-transcriptional programs that have evolved to limit the pathogenesis of infectious diseases by conferring tissue damage control. If these programs fail, infectious diseases can take a severe course including organ dysfunction and damage, a phenomenon that is known as sepsis and which is associated with high mortality. One of the key adaptive mechanisms to counter infection-associated stress is the unfolded protein response (UPR), aiming to reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and restore protein homeostasis. This is mediated via a set of diverse and complementary mechanisms, i.e. the reduction of protein translation, increase of protein folding capacity, and increase of polyubiquitination of misfolded proteins and subsequent proteasomal degradation. However, UPR is not exclusively beneficial since its enhanced or prolonged activation might lead to detrimental effects such as cell death. Thus, fine-tuning and time-restricted regulation of the UPR should diminish disease severity of infectious disease and improve the outcome of sepsis while not bearing long-term consequences. In this review, we describe the current knowledge of the UPR, its role in infectious diseases, regulation mechanisms, and further clinical implications in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Vivas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wolfgang Vivas,
| | - Sebastian Weis
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute (HKI), Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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43
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Watterson A, Arneaud SLB, Wajahat N, Wall JM, Tatge L, Beheshti ST, Mihelakis M, Cheatwood NY, McClendon J, Ghorashi A, Dehghan I, Corley CD, McDonald JG, Douglas PM. Loss of heat shock factor initiates intracellular lipid surveillance by actin destabilization. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111493. [PMID: 36261024 PMCID: PMC9642076 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sense stress and initiate response pathways to maintain lipid and protein homeostasis. However, the interplay between these adaptive mechanisms is unclear. Herein, we demonstrate how imbalances in cytosolic protein homeostasis affect intracellular lipid surveillance. Independent of its ancient thermo-protective properties, the heat shock factor, HSF-1, modulates lipid metabolism and age regulation through the metazoan-specific nuclear hormone receptor, NHR-49. Reduced hsf-1 expression destabilizes the Caenorhabditis elegans enteric actin network, subsequently disrupting Rab GTPase-mediated trafficking and cell-surface residency of nutrient transporters. The ensuing malabsorption limits lipid availability, thereby activating the intracellular lipid surveillance response through vesicular release and nuclear translocation of NHR-49 to both increase nutrient absorption and restore lipid homeostasis. Overall, cooperation between these regulators of cytosolic protein homeostasis and lipid surveillance ensures metabolic health and age progression through actin integrity, endocytic recycling, and lipid sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Watterson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sonja L B Arneaud
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naureen Wajahat
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jordan M Wall
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lexus Tatge
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shaghayegh T Beheshti
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Melina Mihelakis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nicholas Y Cheatwood
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jacob McClendon
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Atossa Ghorashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ishmael Dehghan
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chase D Corley
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Peter M Douglas
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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The "Yin and Yang" of Unfolded Protein Response in Cancer and Immunogenic Cell Death. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182899. [PMID: 36139473 PMCID: PMC9497201 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological and pathological burdens that perturb endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis activate the unfolded protein response (UPR), a conserved cytosol-to-nucleus signaling pathway that aims to reinstate the vital biosynthetic and secretory capacity of the ER. Disrupted ER homeostasis, causing maladaptive UPR signaling, is an emerging trait of cancer cells. Maladaptive UPR sustains oncogene-driven reprogramming of proteostasis and metabolism and fosters proinflammatory pathways promoting tissue repair and protumorigenic immune responses. However, when cancer cells are exposed to conditions causing irreparable ER homeostasis, such as those elicited by anticancer therapies, the UPR switches from a survival to a cell death program. This lethal ER stress response can elicit immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of cell death with proinflammatory traits favoring antitumor immune responses. How UPR-driven pathways transit from a protective to a killing modality with favorable immunogenic and proinflammatory output remains unresolved. Here, we discuss key aspects of the functional dichotomy of UPR in cancer cells and how this signal can be harnessed for therapeutic benefit in the context of ICD, especially from the aspect of inflammation aroused by the UPR.
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Jin B, Xie L, Zhan D, Zhou L, Feng Z, He J, Qin J, Zhao C, Luo L, Li L. Nrf2 dictates the neuronal survival and differentiation of embryonic zebrafish harboring compromised alanyl-tRNA synthetase. Development 2022; 149:276217. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
tRNA synthetase deficiency leads to unfolded protein responses in neuronal disorders; however, its function in embryonic neurogenesis remains unclear. This study identified an aars1cq71/cq71 mutant zebrafish allele that showed increased neuronal apoptosis and compromised neurogenesis. aars1 transcripts were highly expressed in primary neural progenitor cells, and their aberration resulted in protein overloading and activated Perk. nfe2l2b, a paralog of mammalian Nfe2l2, which encodes Nrf2, is a pivotal executor of Perk signaling that regulates neuronal phenotypes in aars1cq71/cq71 mutants. Interference of nfe2l2b in nfe2l2bΔ1/Δ1 mutants did not affect global larval development. However, aars1cq71/cq71;nfe2l2bΔ1/Δ1 mutant embryos exhibited increased neuronal cell survival and neurogenesis compared with their aars1cq71/cq71 siblings. nfe2l2b was harnessed by Perk at two levels. Its transcript was regulated by Chop, an implementer of Perk. It was also phosphorylated by Perk. Both pathways synergistically assured the nuclear functions of nfe2l2b to control cell survival by targeting p53. Our study extends the understanding of tRNA synthetase in neurogenesis and implies that Nrf2 is a cue to mitigate neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Jin
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Liqin Xie
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Dan Zhan
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Luping Zhou
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Zhi Feng
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Jiangyong He
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Jie Qin
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Congjian Zhao
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Medical Electronics and Information Technology, School of Biomedical Engineering and informatics, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications 2 , Chongqing 40065 , China
| | - Lingfei Luo
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Ministry of Education, Southwest University 1 , Chongqing 400715 , China
| | - Li Li
- Research Center of Stem Cells and Ageing, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences 3 , Chongqing 400714 , China
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Sarkar P, Ghanim M. Interaction of Liberibacter Solanacearum with Host Psyllid Vitellogenin and Its Association with Autophagy. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0157722. [PMID: 35863005 PMCID: PMC9430699 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01577-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) haplotype D, transmitted by the carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica, is a major constraint for carrot production in Israel. Unveiling the molecular interactions between the psyllid vector and CLso can facilitate the development of nonchemical approaches for controlling the disease caused by CLso. Bacterial surface proteins are often known to be involved in adhesion and virulence; however, interactions of CLso with carrot psyllid proteins that have a role in the transmission process has remained unexplored. In this study, we used CLso outer membrane protein (OmpA) and flagellin as baits to screen for psyllid interacting proteins in a yeast two-hybrid system assay. We identified psyllid vitellogenin (Vg) to interact with both OmpA and flagellin of CLso. As Vg and autophagy are often tightly linked, we also studied the expression of autophagy-related genes to further elucidate this interaction. We used the juvenile hormone (JH-III) to induce the expression of Vg, thapsigargin for suppressing autophagy, and rapamycin for inducing autophagy. The results revealed that Vg negatively regulates autophagy. Induced Vg expression significantly suppressed autophagy-related gene expression and the levels of CLso significantly increased, resulting in a significant mortality of the insect. Although the specific role of Vg remains obscure, the findings presented here identify Vg as an important component in the insect immune responses against CLso and may help in understanding the initial molecular response in the vector against Liberibacter. IMPORTANCE Pathogen transmission by vectors involves multiple levels of interactions, and for the transmission of liberibacter species by psyllid vectors, much of these interactions are yet to be explored. Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) haplotype D inflicts severe economic losses to the carrot industry. Understanding the specific interactions at different stages of infection is hence fundamental and could lead to the development of better management strategies to disrupt the transmission of the bacteria to new host plants. Here, we show that two liberibacter membrane proteins interact with psyllid vitellogenin and also induce autophagy. Altering vitellogenin expression directly influences autophagy and CLso abundance in the psyllid vector. Although the exact mechanism underlying this interaction remains unclear, this study highlights the importance of immune responses in the transmission of this disease agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poulami Sarkar
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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47
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Smith AN, Altara R, Amin G, Habeichi NJ, Thomas DG, Jun S, Kaplan A, Booz GW, Zouein FA. Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolic Comparisons of Small Animal Models of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Tale of Mice, Rats, and Cats. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026071. [PMID: 35904190 PMCID: PMC9375492 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains a medical anomaly that baffles researchers and physicians alike. The overall phenotypical changes of diastolic function and left ventricular hypertrophy observed in HFpEF are definable; however, the metabolic and molecular alterations that ultimately produce these changes are not well established. Comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as general aging, play crucial roles in its development and progression. Various animal models have recently been developed to better understand the pathophysiological and metabolic developments in HFpEF and to illuminate novel avenues for pharmacotherapy. These models include multi‐hit rodents and feline aortic constriction animals. Recently, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches have been used to define altered signaling pathways in the heart associated with HFpEF, including those involved in inflammation, cGMP‐related, Ca2+ handling, mitochondrial respiration, and the unfolded protein response in endoplasmic reticulum stress. This article aims to present an overview of what has been learnt by these studies, focusing mainly on the findings in common while highlighting unresolved issues. The knowledge gained from these research models will not simply be of benefit for treating HFpEF but will undoubtedly provide new insights into the mechanisms by which the heart deals with external stresses and how the processes involved can fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex N Smith
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Raffaele Altara
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Ghadir Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nada J Habeichi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon.,Laboratory of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Inserm Unit UMR-S 1180, Faculty of Pharmacy Paris-Saclay University Châtenay-Malabry France
| | - Daniel G Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Seungho Jun
- Division of Cardiology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions Baltimore MD
| | - Abdullah Kaplan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon.,Cardiology Clinic Rumeli Hospital Istanbul Turkey
| | - George W Booz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS
| | - Fouad A Zouein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson MS.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon.,Laboratory of Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Inserm Unit UMR-S 1180, Faculty of Pharmacy Paris-Saclay University Châtenay-Malabry France.,The Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Excellence American University of Beirut Medical Center Beirut Lebanon
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48
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Coutelier M, Jacoupy M, Janer A, Renaud F, Auger N, Saripella GV, Ancien F, Pucci F, Rooman M, Gilis D, Larivière R, Sgarioto N, Valter R, Guillot-Noel L, Le Ber I, Sayah S, Charles P, Nümann A, Pauly MG, Helmchen C, Deininger N, Haack TB, Brais B, Brice A, Trégouët DA, El Hachimi KH, Shoubridge EA, Durr A, Stevanin G. NPTX1 mutations trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and cause autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia. Brain 2022; 145:1519-1534. [PMID: 34788392 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
With more than 40 causative genes identified so far, autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias exhibit a remarkable genetic heterogeneity. Yet, half the patients are lacking a molecular diagnosis. In a large family with nine sampled affected members, we performed exome sequencing combined with whole-genome linkage analysis. We identified a missense variant in NPTX1, NM_002522.3:c.1165G>A: p.G389R, segregating with the phenotype. Further investigations with whole-exome sequencing and an amplicon-based panel identified four additional unrelated families segregating the same variant, for whom a common founder effect could be excluded. A second missense variant, NM_002522.3:c.980A>G: p.E327G, was identified in a fifth familial case. The NPTX1-associated phenotype consists of a late-onset, slowly progressive, cerebellar ataxia, with downbeat nystagmus, cognitive impairment reminiscent of cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome, myoclonic tremor and mild cerebellar vermian atrophy on brain imaging. NPTX1 encodes the neuronal pentraxin 1, a secreted protein with various cellular and synaptic functions. Both variants affect conserved amino acid residues and are extremely rare or absent from public databases. In COS7 cells, overexpression of both neuronal pentraxin 1 variants altered endoplasmic reticulum morphology and induced ATF6-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress, associated with cytotoxicity. In addition, the p.E327G variant abolished neuronal pentraxin 1 secretion, as well as its capacity to form a high molecular weight complex with the wild-type protein. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments coupled with mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated abnormal interactions of this variant with the cytoskeleton. In agreement with these observations, in silico modelling of the neuronal pentraxin 1 complex evidenced a destabilizing effect for the p.E327G substitution, located at the interface between monomers. On the contrary, the p.G389 residue, located at the protein surface, had no predictable effect on the complex stability. Our results establish NPTX1 as a new causative gene in autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. We suggest that variants in NPTX1 can lead to cerebellar ataxia due to endoplasmic reticulum stress, mediated by ATF6, and associated to a destabilization of NP1 polymers in a dominant-negative manner for one of the variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Coutelier
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Maxime Jacoupy
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, H3A 0C7 Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandre Janer
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, H3A 0C7 Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Flore Renaud
- CNRS UMR 9019, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Auger
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Ganapathi-Varma Saripella
- ICAN Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - François Ancien
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Fabrizio Pucci
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Marianne Rooman
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Gilis
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Roxanne Larivière
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Sgarioto
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Rémi Valter
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Léna Guillot-Noel
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sabrina Sayah
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Perrine Charles
- Department of Genetics, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Astrid Nümann
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martje G Pauly
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein Campus Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Helmchen
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Schleswig Holstein Campus Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Natalie Deininger
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - David-Alexandre Trégouët
- ICAN Institute, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Khalid H El Hachimi
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Eric A Shoubridge
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, H3A 0C7 Montreal, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4 Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute, ICM, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, APHP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 75013 Paris, France
- Neurogenetics team, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE), Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL) Research University, 75014, Paris, France
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Beck DB, Werner A, Kastner DL, Aksentijevich I. Disorders of ubiquitylation: unchained inflammation. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:435-447. [PMID: 35523963 PMCID: PMC9075716 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is an essential post-translational modification that regulates intracellular signalling networks by triggering proteasomal substrate degradation, changing the activity of substrates or mediating changes in proteins that interact with substrates. Hundreds of enzymes participate in reversible ubiquitylation of proteins, some acting globally and others targeting specific proteins. Ubiquitylation is essential for innate immune responses, as it facilitates rapid regulation of inflammatory pathways, thereby ensuring sufficient but not excessive responses. A growing number of inborn errors of immunity are attributed to dysregulated ubiquitylation. These genetic disorders exhibit broad clinical manifestations, ranging from susceptibility to infection to autoinflammatory and/or autoimmune features, lymphoproliferation and propensity to malignancy. Many autoinflammatory disorders result from disruption of components of the ubiquitylation machinery and lead to overactivation of innate immune cells. An understanding of the disorders of ubiquitylation in autoinflammatory diseases could enable the development of novel management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Beck
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Center for Human Genetics and Genomics, New York University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Achim Werner
- Stem Cell Biochemistry Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Kastner
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivona Aksentijevich
- Inflammatory Disease Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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50
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Huang G, He X, Xue Z, Long Y, Liu J, Cai J, Tang P, Han B, Shen B, Huang R, Yan J. Rauwolfia vomitoria extract suppresses benign prostatic hyperplasia by inducing autophagic apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:125. [PMID: 35513857 PMCID: PMC9074266 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03610-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current drug treatments for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) have negative side effects. Therefore, it is important to find effective alternative therapies with significantly fewer side effects. Our previous study revealed that Rauwolfia vomitoria (RWF) root bark extract reversed BPH development in a rat model. However, the molecular mechanism of its inhibitory effects on BPH remains largely unknown. Methods BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cell lines derived from BPH epithelial and prostatic stromal compartments were selected to investigate how RWF extract inhibits BPH in vitro by MTT and flow cytometry assays. Microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting, and GFP-LC3 immunofluorescence assays were performed to evaluate the effects of RWF extract on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and autophagic apoptosis pathways in two cell lines. A human BPH ex vivo explant assay was also employed for validation. Results RWF extract treatment decreased cell viability and induced apoptotic cell death in both BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner with the increase of pro-apoptotic PCDC4 protein. RWF extract induced autophagy by enhancing the levels of autophagic genes (ULK2 and SQSTM1/p62) and the LC3II:LC3I ratio, with the increase of GFP-LC3 puncta. Moreover, RWF extract activated PERK- and ATF6-associated ER stress pathways by inducing the transcriptional levels of EIF2AK3/PERK, DDIT3/CHOP and ATF6, accompanied by the reduction of BiP protein level, but not its mRNA level. Another ER stress pathway was not induced by RWF extract, as manifested by the lack of XBP1 splicing. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine abrogated apoptosis but not ER stress; while inhibition of ER stress by 4-phenylbutyrate alleviated the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, pretreatments with either 3-methyladenine or 4-phenylbutyrate suppressed RWF extract-induced cytotoxicity. Notably, the inductions of PERK- and ATF6-related stress pathways and autophagic apoptosis were confirmed in a human BPH ex vivo explant. Conclusions Our data have demonstrated that RWF extract significantly suppressed the viabilities of BPH epithelial cells and BPH myofibroblasts by inducing apoptosis via upregulating ER stress and autophagy. These data indicate that RWF extract is a potential novel alternative therapeutic approach for BPH. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03610-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zesheng Xue
- Model Animal Research Center of Nanjing University, 12 Xuefu Road, Nanjing, 210061, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiming Long
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiakuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Pengfei Tang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bangmin Han
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Bing Shen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai, 200080, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Ruimin Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Fudan University, 130 Dong'an Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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