1
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Abdelwahab I, Kumar D, Bian T, Zheng H, Gao H, Hu F, McClelland A, Leng K, Wilson WL, Yin J, Yang H, Loh KP. Two-dimensional chiral perovskites with large spin Hall angle and collinear spin Hall conductivity. Science 2024; 385:311-317. [PMID: 39024425 DOI: 10.1126/science.adq0967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites with chiral spin texture are emergent spin-optoelectronic materials. Despite the wealth of chiro-optical studies on these materials, their charge-to-spin conversion efficiency is unknown. We demonstrate highly efficient electrically driven charge-to-spin conversion in enantiopure chiral perovskites (R/S-MB)2(MA)3Pb4I13 (〈n〉 = 4), where MB is 2-methylbutylamine, MA is methylamine, Pb is lead, and I is iodine. Using scanning photovoltage microscopy, we measured a spin Hall angle θsh of 5% and a spin lifetime of ~75 picoseconds at room temperature in 〈n〉 = 4 chiral perovskites, which is much larger than its racemic counterpart as well as the lower 〈n〉 homologs. In addition to current-induced transverse spin current, the presence of a coexisting out-of-plane spin current confirms that both conventional and collinear spin Hall conductivities exist in these low-dimensional crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdelwahab
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dushyant Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
- Department of Physics, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), Dwarka, New Delhi 110078, India
| | - Tieyuan Bian
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Haining Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Heng Gao
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Fanrui Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Arthur McClelland
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kai Leng
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - William L Wilson
- Center for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Applied Physics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hyunsoo Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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2
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Feng Y, Dai Y, Huang B, Ma Y. Sliding Ferroelectricity Engineered Coupling between Spin Hall Effect and Layertronics in 2D Lattice. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6699-6704. [PMID: 38900495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Coupling the spin Hall effect with novel degrees of freedom of electrons is central to the rich phenomena observed in condensed-matter physics. Here, using symmetry analysis and a low-energy k·p model, we report the sliding ferroelectricity engineered coupling between spin Hall effect and emerging layertronics, thereby generating the layer spin Hall effect (LSHE), in a 2D lattice. The physics is rooted in a pair of T-symmetry connected valleys, which experience spin splitting accompanied by large Berry curvature under spin-orbit coupling. The interaction between the out-of-plane ferroelectricity and electronic properties gives rise to the layer-locked Berry curvature and thus layer-polarized spin Hall effect (LP-SHE) in the bilayers. Such LP-SHE is strongly coupled with sliding ferroelectricity, enabling it to be ferroelectrically reversible. Using first-principles calculations, the mechanism is further demonstrated in a series of real bilayer systems, including MoS2, MoTe2, WSe2, MoSi2P4, and MoSi2As4. These phenomena and insights open a new direction for spin Hall effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Feng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yandong Ma
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandanan Street 27, Jinan 250100, China
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3
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Liu T, Adhikari Y, Wang H, Jiang Y, Hua Z, Liu H, Schlottmann P, Gao H, Weiss PS, Yan B, Zhao J, Xiong P. Chirality-Induced Magnet-Free Spin Generation in a Semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406347. [PMID: 38926947 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Electrical generation and transduction of polarized electron spins in semiconductors (SCs) are of central interest in spintronics and quantum information science. While spin generation in SCs is frequently realized via electrical injection from a ferromagnet (FM), there are significant advantages in nonmagnetic pathways of creating spin polarization. One such pathway exploits the interplay of electron spin with chirality in electronic structures or real space. Here, utilizing chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS), the efficient creation of spin accumulation in n-doped GaAs via electric current injection from a normal metal (Au) electrode through a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of chiral molecules (α-helix l-polyalanine, AHPA-L), is demonstrated. The resulting spin polarization is detected as a Hanle effect in the n-GaAs, which is found to obey a distinct universal scaling with temperature and bias current consistent with chirality-induced spin accumulation. The experiment constitutes a definitive observation of CISS in a fully nonmagnetic device structure and demonstration of its ability to generate spin accumulation in a conventional SC. The results thus place key constraints on the physical mechanism of CISS and present a new scheme for magnet-free SC spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhan Liu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuwaraj Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiyang Jiang
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Zhenqi Hua
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Haoyang Liu
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Pedro Schlottmann
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Hanwei Gao
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute and Departments of Bioengineering and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Binghai Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Xiong
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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4
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Zacheo A, Matano S, Shimura Y, Yu S, Doumani J, Komatsu N, Kono J, Maki H. Efficient Emission of Highly Polarized Thermal Radiation from a Suspended Aligned Carbon Nanotube Film. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15769-15778. [PMID: 38829376 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A polarized light source covering a wide wavelength range is required in applications across diverse fields, including optical communication, photonics, spectroscopy, and imaging. For practical applications, high degrees of polarization and thermal performance are needed to ensure the stability of the radiation intensity and low energy consumption. Here, we achieved efficient emission of highly polarized and broadband thermal radiation from a suspended aligned carbon nanotube film. The anisotropic nature of the film, combined with the suspension, led to a high degree of linear polarization (∼0.9) and great thermal performance. Furthermore, we performed time-resolved measurements of thermal emission from the film, revealing a fast time response of approximately a few microseconds. We also obtained visible light emission from the device and analyzed the film's mechanical breakdown behavior to improve the emission intensity. Finally, we demonstrated that suspended devices with a constriction geometry can enhance the heating performance. These results show that carbon nanotube film-based devices, as electrically driven thermal emitters of polarized radiation, can play an important role for future development in optoelectronics and spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zacheo
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Matano
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yui Shimura
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shengjie Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacques Doumani
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Natsumi Komatsu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Junichiro Kono
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hideyuki Maki
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan
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5
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Sun R, Park KS, Comstock AH, McConnell A, Chen YC, Zhang P, Beratan D, You W, Hoffmann A, Yu ZG, Diao Y, Sun D. Inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in chiral assemblies of π-conjugated polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:782-789. [PMID: 38491147 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Coupling of spin and charge currents to structural chirality in non-magnetic materials, known as chirality-induced spin selectivity, is promising for application in spintronic devices at room temperature. Although the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect has been identified in various chiral materials, its Onsager reciprocal process, the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect, remains unexplored. Here we report the observation of the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect in chiral assemblies of π-conjugated polymers. Using spin-pumping techniques, the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect enables quantification of the magnitude of the longitudinal spin-to-charge conversion driven by chirality-induced spin selectivity in different chiral polymers. By widely tuning conductivities and supramolecular chiral structures via a printing method, we found a very long spin relaxation time of up to several nanoseconds parallel to the chiral axis. Our demonstration of the inverse chirality-induced spin selectivity effect suggests possibilities for elucidating the puzzling interplay between spin and chirality, and opens a route for spintronic applications using printable chiral assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew H Comstock
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Aeron McConnell
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yen-Chi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Zhi-Gang Yu
- Sivananthan Laboratories, Bolingbrook, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Dali Sun
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Lab (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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6
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Xing J, Wu C, Li S, Chen Y, Zhang L, Xie Y, Yuan J, Zhang L. Spin Hall effect modulated by an electric field in asymmetric two-dimensional MoSiAs 2Se. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:15539-15546. [PMID: 38756083 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00594e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Spin current generation from charge current in nonmagnetic materials promises an energy-efficient scheme for manipulating magnetization in spintronic devices. In some asymmetric two-dimensional (2D) materials, the Rashba and valley effects coexist owing to strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which induces the spin Hall effect due to spin-momentum locking of both effects. Herein, we propose a new Janus structure MoSiAs2Se with both valley physics and the Rashba effect and reveal an effective way to modulate the properties of this structure. The results demonstrated that applying an external electric field is an effective means to modulating the electronic properties of MoSiAs2Se, leading to both type I-II phase transitions and semiconductor-metal phase transitions. Furthermore, the coexistence of the Rashba and valley effects in monolayer MoSiAs2Se contributes to the spin Hall effect (SHE). The magnitude and direction of spin Hall conductivity can also be manipulated with an out-of-plane electric field. Our results enrich the physics and materials of the Rashba and valley systems, opening new opportunities for the applications of 2D Janus materials in spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Xing
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center on Quantum Perception and Intelligent Detection of Agricultural Information, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center on Quantum Perception and Intelligent Detection of Agricultural Information, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center on Quantum Perception and Intelligent Detection of Agricultural Information, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuanping Chen
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center on Quantum Perception and Intelligent Detection of Agricultural Information, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yuee Xie
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center on Quantum Perception and Intelligent Detection of Agricultural Information, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiaren Yuan
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Lichuan Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center on Quantum Perception and Intelligent Detection of Agricultural Information, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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7
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Vudya Sethu KK, Yasin F, Swerts J, Sorée B, De Boeck J, Kar GS, Garello K, Couet S. Spin-Orbit Torque Vector Quantification in Nanoscale Magnetic Tunnel Junctions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13506-13516. [PMID: 38748456 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Spin-orbit torques (SOT) allow ultrafast, energy-efficient toggling of magnetization state by an in-plane charge current for applications such as magnetic random-access memory (SOT-MRAM). Tailoring the SOT vector comprising of antidamping (TAD) and fieldlike (TFL) torques could lead to faster, more reliable, and low-power SOT-MRAM. Here, we establish a method to quantify the longitudinal (TAD) and transverse (TFL) components of the SOT vector and its efficiency χAD and χFL, respectively, in nanoscale three-terminal SOT magnetic tunnel junctions (SOT-MTJ). Modulation of nucleation or switching field (BSF) for magnetization reversal by SOT effective fields (BSOT) leads to the modification of SOT-MTJ hysteresis loop behavior from which χAD and χFL are quantified. Surprisingly, in nanoscale W/CoFeB SOT-MTJ, we find χFL to be (i) twice as large as χAD and (ii) 6 times as large as χFL in micrometer-sized W/CoFeB Hall-bar devices. Our quantification is supported by micromagnetic and macrospin simulations which reproduce experimental SOT-MTJ Stoner-Wohlfarth astroid behavior only for χFL > χAD. Additionally, from the threshold current for current-induced magnetization switching with a transverse magnetic field, we show that in SOT-MTJ, TFL plays a more prominent role in magnetization dynamics than TAD. Due to SOT-MRAM geometry and nanodimensionality, the potential role of nonlocal spin Hall spin current accumulated adjacent to the SOT-MTJ in the mediation of TFL and χFL amplification merits to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar Vudya Sethu
- IMEC, Kapledreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bart Sorée
- IMEC, Kapledreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Leuven 3001, Belgium
- Physics Department, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen B-2020, Belgium
| | - Johan De Boeck
- IMEC, Kapledreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Kevin Garello
- CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SPINTEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38054 Grenoble, France
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8
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Fang N, Wu C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Zhou Z. Perspectives: Light Control of Magnetism and Device Development. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8600-8625. [PMID: 38469753 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Accurately controlling magnetic and spin states presents a significant challenge in spintronics, especially as demands for higher data storage density and increased processing speeds grow. Approaches such as light control are gradually supplanting traditional magnetic field methods. Traditionally, the modulation of magnetism was predominantly achieved through polarized light with the help of ultrafast light technologies. With the growing demand for energy efficiency and multifunctionality in spintronic devices, integrating photovoltaic materials into magnetoelectric systems has introduced more physical effects. This development suggests that sunlight will play an increasingly pivotal role in manipulating spin orientation in the future. This review introduces and concludes the influence of various light types on magnetism, exploring mechanisms such as magneto-optical (MO) effects, light-induced magnetic phase transitions, and spin photovoltaic effects. This review briefly summarizes recent advancements in the light control of magnetism, especially sunlight, and their potential applications, providing an optimistic perspective on future research directions in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Yuzhe Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Ziyao Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
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9
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Zhu M, Fu S, Man Z. Time-varying optical spin-orbit Hall effect in tightly focused femtosecond optical field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:11715-11725. [PMID: 38571012 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The spin-orbit Hall effect (HE) is dominated by the law of conservation of angular momentum of a beam and is highly significant in light-matter interactions. The electromagnetic field, phase, topological structure, and spin-orbit HE of an azimuthally polarized vortex pulse beam in a tightly focused system are studied theoretically here. Calculations show that the focal field has ultrafast bright-dark alternating characteristics and a distorted phase distribution. Furthermore, the time evolution of the polarization singularity in the focused light field is explained using Stokes parameters. Importantly, the spin-orbit HE of the pulsed beam is shown to be time-varying in a tightly focused system. This time-varying spin-orbit HE is particularly sensitive to the pulse width and central wavelength. Our method has important applications in particle manipulation.
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10
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Varignon J. Unexpected Competition between Ferroelectricity and Rashba Effects in Epitaxially Strained SrTiO_{3}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:106401. [PMID: 38518324 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.106401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The Rashba parameter α_{R} is usually assumed to scale linearly with the amplitude of polar displacements by construction of the spin-orbit interaction. On the basis of first-principles simulations, ferroelectric phases of SrTiO_{3} reached under epitaxial compressive strain are characterized by (i) large Rashba effects at the bottom of the conduction band near the paraelectric-ferroelectric boundary and (ii) an unexpected suppression of the phenomena when the amplitude of polar displacements increases. This peculiar behavior is ascribed to the inverse dependence of the Rashba parameter with the crystal field Δ_{CF} induced by the polar displacements that alleviates the degeneracy of Ti t_{2g} states and annihilates the Rashba effects. Although α_{R} has intrinsically a linear dependance on polar displacements, the latter becomes antagonist to Rashba phenomena at large polar mode amplitude. Thus, the Rashba coefficient may be bound to an upper value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Varignon
- CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, CNRS, 14000 Caen, France
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11
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Chen R, Sun HP, Gu M, Hua CB, Liu Q, Lu HZ, Xie XC. Layer Hall effect induced by hidden Berry curvature in antiferromagnetic insulators. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwac140. [PMID: 38264341 PMCID: PMC10804226 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The layer Hall effect describes electrons spontaneously deflected to opposite sides at different layers, which has been experimentally reported in the MnBi2Te4 thin films under perpendicular electric fields. Here, we reveal a universal origin of the layer Hall effect in terms of the so-called hidden Berry curvature, as well as material design principles. Hence, it gives rise to zero Berry curvature in momentum space but non-zero layer-locked hidden Berry curvature in real space. We show that, compared to that of a trivial insulator, the layer Hall effect is significantly enhanced in antiferromagnetic topological insulators. Our universal picture provides a paradigm for revealing the hidden physics as a result of the interplay between the global and local symmetries, and can be generalized in various scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hai-Peng Sun
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97074, Germany
| | - Mingqiang Gu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chun-Bo Hua
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qihang Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hai-Zhou Lu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Quantum Science and Engineering, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - X C Xie
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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12
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Fujimoto T, Kurihara T, Murotani Y, Tamaya T, Kanda N, Kim C, Yoshinobu J, Akiyama H, Kato T, Matsunaga R. Observation of Terahertz Spin Hall Conductivity Spectrum in GaAs with Optical Spin Injection. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:016301. [PMID: 38242663 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.016301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
We report the first observation of the spin Hall conductivity spectrum in GaAs at room temperature. Our terahertz polarimetry with a precision of several μrads resolves the Faraday rotation of terahertz pulses arising from the inverse spin Hall effect of optically injected spin-polarized electrons. The obtained spin Hall conductivity spectrum exhibits an excellent quantitative agreement with theory, demonstrating a crossover in the dominant origin from impurity scattering in the dc regime to the intrinsic Berry-curvature mechanism in the terahertz regime. Our spectroscopic technique opens a new pathway to analyze anomalous transports related to spin, valley, or orbital degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Fujimoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kurihara
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Yuta Murotani
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tamaya
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Natsuki Kanda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Changsu Kim
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshinobu
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Akiyama
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takeo Kato
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Matsunaga
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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13
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Stephanovich VA, Kirichenko EV, Engel G, Sinner A. Spin-orbit-coupled fractional oscillators and trapped Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:014222. [PMID: 38366503 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.014222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We study the ensemble of pseudo-spin 1/2 ultracold bosons, performing Lévy flights, confined in a parabolic potential. The (pseudo-) spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is additionally imposed on these particles. We consider the structure and dynamics of macroscopic pseudospin qubits based on Bose-Einstein condensates, obtained from the above "fractional" bosons. Under "fractional" we understand the substitution of the ordinary second derivative (kinetic energy term) in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation by a so-called fractional Laplacian, characterized by the Lévy index μ. We show that the joint action of interparticle interaction, SOC, and Zeeman splitting in a synthetic magnetic field makes the dynamics of corresponding qubit highly nontrivial with evident chaotic features at both strong interactions and Lévy indices μ→1 when the Lévy trajectories of bosons with long jumps dominated over those derived from ordinary Gaussian distribution, corresponding to μ=2. Using analytical and numerical arguments, we discuss the possibilities to control the above qubit using the synergy of SOC, interaction strength, and "fractionality," characterized by the Lévy index μ.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Stephanovich
- Institute of Physics, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - E V Kirichenko
- Institute of Physics, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - G Engel
- Institute of Physics, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - A Sinner
- Institute of Physics, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
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14
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Jain M, Amin MA, Pu H. Integrator for general spin-s Gross-Pitaevskii systems. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:055305. [PMID: 38115448 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.055305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We provide an algorithm, i-SPin 2, for evolving general spin-s Gross-Pitaevskii or nonlinear Schrödinger systems carrying a variety of interactions, where the 2s+1 components of the "spinor" field represent the different spin-multiplicity states. We consider many nonrelativistic interactions up to quartic order in the Schrödinger field (both short and long range, and spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions), including explicit spin-orbit couplings. The algorithm allows for spatially varying external and/or self-generated vector potentials that couple to the spin density of the field. Our work can be used for scenarios ranging from laboratory systems such as spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), to cosmological or astrophysical systems such as self-interacting bosonic dark matter. As examples, we provide results for two different setups of spin-1 BECs that employ a varying magnetic field and spin-orbit coupling, respectively, and also collisions of spin-1 solitons in dark matter. Our symplectic algorithm is second-order accurate in time, and is extensible to the known higher-order-accurate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudit Jain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Mustafa A Amin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Han Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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15
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Kim S, Lee H, Choi G. Giant Spin-Orbit Torque in Sputter-Deposited Bi Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303831. [PMID: 37679062 PMCID: PMC10625106 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth (Bi) has the strongest spin-orbit coupling among non-radioactive elements and is thus a promising material for efficient charge-to-spin conversion. However, previous electrical detections have reported controversial results for the conversion efficiency. In this study, an optical detection of a spin-orbit torque is reported in a Bi/CoFeB bilayer with a polycrystalline texture of (012) and (003). Taking advantage of the optical detection, spin-orbit torque is accurately separated from the Oersted field and achieves a giant damping-like torque efficiency of +0.5, verifying efficient charge-to-spin conversion. This study also demonstrates a field-like torque efficiency of -0.1. For the mechanism of the charge-to-spin conversion, the bulk spin Hall effect and the interface Rashba-Edelstein effect are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Kim
- Department of Energy ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
| | - Hyun‐Woo Lee
- Department of PhysicsPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang37673South Korea
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics77 Cheongam‐roPohang37673South Korea
| | - Gyung‐Min Choi
- Department of Energy ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure PhysicsInstitute for Basic ScienceSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419South Korea
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16
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Chen A, Luo X. First-principles investigation of possible room-temperature topological insulators in monolayers. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31375-31385. [PMID: 37901273 PMCID: PMC10603385 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05619h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A Quantum Spin Hall (QSH) insulator with a large bulk band gap and tunable topological properties is crucial for both fundamental research and practical application. Chemical function-alization has been proposed as an effective route to realize the QSH effect. Using the ABINIT package, we have investigated the properties of (1) TlP, the functionalized monolayers TlPX2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I); (2) TlAs, the functionalized monolayers TlAsX2 (X = F, Cl, Br, I), and (3) GaGeTe, InGeTe, and InSnTe systems. The topological nature is verified by the calculation of the Z2 topo-logical invariant. We discovered TlPF2, TlPCl2, TlPBr2, TlPI2, TlAs, TlAsF2, TlAsCl2, TlAsBr2, and TlAsI2 were promising 2D TIs with bulk band gaps as large as 0.21 eV. Each monolayer was suitable for room-temperature application, and show great potential for their future applications in quantum computers, nanoelectronics, and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Chen
- National Graphene Research and Development Center Springfield Virginia 22151 USA
| | - Xuan Luo
- National Graphene Research and Development Center Springfield Virginia 22151 USA
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17
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Jin Z, Yao X, Wang Z, Yuan HY, Zeng Z, Wang W, Cao Y, Yan P. Nonlinear Topological Magnon Spin Hall Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:166704. [PMID: 37925727 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.166704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
When a magnon passes through two-dimensional magnetic textures, it will experience a fictitious magnetic field originating from the 3×3 skew-symmetric gauge fields. To date, only one of the three independent components of the gauge fields has been found to play a role in generating the fictitious magnetic field, while the other two are perfectly hidden. In this Letter, we show that they are concealed in the nonlinear magnon transport in magnetic textures. Without loss of generality, we theoretically study the nonlinear magnon-skyrmion interaction in antiferromagnets. By analyzing the scattering features of three-magnon processes between the circularly polarized incident magnon and breathing skyrmion, we predict a giant Hall angle of both the confluence and splitting modes. Furthermore, we find that the Hall angle reverses its sign when one switches the handedness of the incident magnons. We dub this the nonlinear topological magnon spin Hall effect. Our findings are deeply rooted in the bosonic nature of magnons that the particle number is not conserved, which has no counterpart in low-energy fermionic systems and may open the door for probing gauge fields by nonlinear means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejunyu Jin
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Xianglong Yao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zhaozhuo Zeng
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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18
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Kot P, Ismail M, Drost R, Siebrecht J, Huang H, Ast CR. Electric control of spin transitions at the atomic scale. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6612. [PMID: 37857623 PMCID: PMC10587172 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Electric control of spins has been a longstanding goal in the field of solid state physics due to the potential for increased efficiency in information processing. This efficiency can be optimized by transferring spintronics to the atomic scale. We present electric control of spin resonance transitions in single TiH molecules by employing electron spin resonance scanning tunneling microscopy (ESR-STM). We find strong bias voltage dependent shifts in the ESR signal of about ten times its line width. We attribute this to the electric field in the tunnel junction, which induces a displacement of the spin system changing the g-factor and the effective magnetic field of the tip. We demonstrate direct electric control of the spin transitions in coupled TiH dimers. Our findings open up new avenues for fast coherent control of coupled spin systems and expands on the understanding of spin electric coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kot
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maneesha Ismail
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Robert Drost
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Janis Siebrecht
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Haonan Huang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian R Ast
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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19
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Lyalin I, Alikhah S, Berritta M, Oppeneer PM, Kawakami RK. Magneto-Optical Detection of the Orbital Hall Effect in Chromium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:156702. [PMID: 37897779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.156702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The orbital Hall effect has been theoretically predicted but its direct observation is a challenge. Here, we report the magneto-optical detection of current-induced orbital accumulation at the surface of a light 3d transition metal, Cr. The orbital polarization is in-plane, transverse to the current direction, and scales linearly with current density, consistent with the orbital Hall effect. Comparing the thickness-dependent magneto-optical measurements with ab initio calculations, we estimate an orbital diffusion length in Cr of 6.6±0.6 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Lyalin
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Sanaz Alikhah
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marco Berritta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M Oppeneer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Roland K Kawakami
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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20
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Li T, Liu L, Chen Z, Jia W, Ye J, Cai X, Huang D, Li W, Chen F, Li X, Chen J, Dong B, Xie H, Pan A, Zhi C, An H. Tuning Intrinsic Spin Hall Effect in Platinum/Ferrimagnetic Insulator Heterostructure in Moderately Dirty Regime. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2721. [PMID: 37836362 PMCID: PMC10574219 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Studying the mechanisms of the spin Hall effect (SHE) is essential for the fundamental understanding of spintronic physics. By now, despite the intensive studies of SHE on heavy metal (HM)/metallic magnet heterostructures, the SHE on HM/ferrimagnetic insulator (FMI) heterostructures still remains elusive. Here, we study the mechanism of SHE in the Pt/Tm3Fe5O12 (TmIG) heterostructure. We first tune the crystallinity and resistivity of Pt by an annealing method, and then study the spin-orbit torque (SOT) in the tuned-Pt/TmIG devices. The SOT generation efficiency per unit electric field and spin Hall angle were obtained, which are insensitive to the annealing temperature. We further demonstrate that the intrinsic contribution in the moderately dirty regime is responsible for the SHE in our Pt/TmIG bilayer. Our study provides an important piece of information for the SHE in FMI-based spintronic physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhui Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Lin Liu
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Zehan Chen
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Wei Jia
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Jianxin Ye
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Xudong Cai
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Doudou Huang
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (D.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Wanshan Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Fukang Chen
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Xinjun Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Jiahao Chen
- College of Integrated Circuits and Optoelectronic Chips, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (D.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Boxi Dong
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Hang Xie
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
| | - Anyuan Pan
- Dealour Electric Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314001, China;
| | - Chao Zhi
- Dealour Electric Co., Ltd., Jiaxing 314001, China;
| | - Hongyu An
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (T.L.); (L.L.); (Z.C.); (W.J.); (J.Y.); (X.C.); (W.L.); (F.C.); (X.L.); (B.D.); (H.X.)
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21
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Karimeddiny S, Cham TMJ, Smedley O, Ralph DC, Luo YK. Sagnac interferometry for high-sensitivity optical measurements of spin-orbit torque. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi9039. [PMID: 37682997 PMCID: PMC10491211 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi9039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Sagnac interferometry can provide a substantial improvement in signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional magnetic imaging based on the magneto-optical Kerr effect. We show that this improvement is sufficient to allow quantitative measurements of current-induced magnetic deflections due to spin-orbit torque even in thin-film magnetic samples with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, for which the Kerr rotation is second order in the magnetic deflection. Sagnac interferometry can also be applied beneficially for samples with in-plane anisotropy, for which the Kerr rotation is first order in the deflection angle. Optical measurements based on Sagnac interferometry can therefore provide a cross-check on electrical techniques for measuring spin-orbit torque. Different electrical techniques commonly give quantitatively inconsistent results so that Sagnac interferometry can help to identify which techniques are affected by unidentified artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel C. Ralph
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Cornell Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yunqiu Kelly Luo
- Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Cornell Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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22
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Soya N, Yamada M, Hamaya K, Ando K. Isotropic Spin Hall Effect in an Epitaxial Ferromagnet. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:076702. [PMID: 37656863 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.076702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of the isotropic spin Hall effect in a ferromagnet. We show that the spin Hall effect in an epitaxially grown Fe_{3}Si generates a sizable spin current with a spin direction that is noncollinear with the magnetization. Furthermore, we find that the spin Hall current is independent of the relative orientation between its spin direction and the magnetization; the spin Hall effect is isotropic. This observation demonstrates that the intrinsically generated transverse spin component is protected from dephasing, providing fundamental insights into the generation and transport of spin currents in ferromagnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Soya
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Michihiro Yamada
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamaya
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ando
- Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Keio Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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23
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Tao Z, Shen B, Zhao W, Hu NC, Li T, Jiang S, Li L, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, MacDonald AH, Shan J, Mak KF. Giant spin Hall effect in AB-stacked MoTe 2/WSe 2 bilayers. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41565-023-01492-2. [PMID: 37591935 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The spin Hall effect (SHE), in which an electrical current generates a transverse spin current, plays an important role in spintronics for the generation and manipulation of spin-polarized electrons. The phenomenon originates from spin-orbit coupling. In general, stronger spin-orbit coupling favours larger SHEs but shorter spin relaxation times and diffusion lengths. However, correlated magnetic materials often do not support large SHEs. Achieving large SHEs, long-range spin transport and magnetism simultaneously in a single material is attractive for spintronics applications but has remained a challenge. Here we demonstrate a giant intrinsic SHE coexisting with ferromagnetism in AB-stacked MoTe2/WSe2 moiré bilayers by direct magneto-optical imaging. Under moderate electrical currents with density <1 A m-1, we observe spin accumulation on transverse sample edges that nearly saturates the spin density. We also demonstrate long-range spin Hall transport and efficient non-local spin accumulation that is limited only by the device size (about 10 µm). The gate dependence shows that the giant SHE occurs only near the interaction-driven Chern insulating state. At low temperatures, it emerges after the quantum anomalous Hall breakdown. Our results demonstrate moiré engineering of Berry curvature and electronic correlation for potential spintronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Tao
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bowen Shen
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wenjin Zhao
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Nai Chao Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Tingxin Li
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shengwei Jiang
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lizhong Li
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | | | - Allan H MacDonald
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jie Shan
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Kin Fai Mak
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid-State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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24
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Martin-Rio S, Konstantinovic Z, Pomar A, Balcells L, Pablo-Navarro J, Ibarra MR, Magén C, Mestres N, Frontera C, Martínez B. Spin-to-Charge Conversion in All-Oxide La 2/3Sr 1/3MnO 3/SrIrO 3 Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37478394 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Spin injection and spin-charge conversion processes in all-oxide La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrIrO3 (LSMO/SIO) heterostructures with different SIO layer thickness and interfacial features have been studied. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) technique has been used to generate pure spin currents by spin pumping (SP) in ferromagnetic (FM) half-metallic LSMO. The change of the resonance linewidth in bare LSMO layers and LSMO/SIO heterostructures suggests a successful spin injection into the SIO layers. However, low values of the spin mixing conductance, compared to more traditional permalloy (Py)/Pt or yttrium iron garnet (YIG)/Pt systems, are found. A thorough analysis of the interfaces by high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) imaging suggests that they are structurally clean and atomic sharp, but a compositional analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) reveals the interdiffusion of La, Ir, and Mn atomic species in the first atomic layers close to the interface. Inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements evidence that interfacial features play a very relevant role in controlling the effectiveness of the spin injection process and low transversal ISHE voltage signals are detected. In addition, it is found that larger voltage signals are detected for the lowest SIO layer thickness highlighting the role of the spin diffusion length (λsd)/SIO layer thickness ratio. The values of ISHE voltage are rather low but allow us to determine the spin Hall angle of SIO (θSH ≈ 1.12% at T = 250 K), which is remarkably similar to that obtained for the well-known Py/Pt system, therefore suggesting that SIO could be a promising spin-Hall material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Martin-Rio
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Zorica Konstantinovic
- Center for Solid State Physics and New Materials, Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11 000, Serbia
| | - Alberto Pomar
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Lluis Balcells
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Javier Pablo-Navarro
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Ricardo Ibarra
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cesar Magén
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Narcis Mestres
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Carlos Frontera
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Benjamin Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus Universitario UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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25
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Martone GI, Cherroret N. Time Translation Symmetry Breaking in an Isolated Spin-Orbit-Coupled Fluid of Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:013803. [PMID: 37478429 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.013803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We study the interplay between intrinsic spin-orbit coupling and nonlinear photon-photon interactions in a nonparaxial, elliptically polarized fluid of light propagating in a bulk Kerr medium. We find that in situations where the nonlinear interactions induce birefringence, i.e., a polarization-dependent nonlinear refractive index, their interplay with spin-orbit coupling results in an interference between the two polarization components of the fluid traveling at different wave vectors, which entails the breaking of translation symmetry along the propagation direction. This phenomenon leads to a Floquet band structure in the Bogoliubov spectrum of the fluid, and to characteristic oscillations of its intensity correlations. We characterize these oscillations in detail and point out their exponential growth at large propagation distances, revealing the presence of parametric resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni I Martone
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Nicolas Cherroret
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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26
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Rappoport TG. First light on orbitronics as a viable alternative to electronics. Nature 2023; 619:38-39. [PMID: 37407678 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02072-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
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27
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Zhang Y, Hang C, Huang G. Matter-wave solitons in an array of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:014208. [PMID: 37583229 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.014208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate matter-wave solitons in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) with spin-orbit (SO) coupling, loaded in a one-dimensional (1D) deep optical lattice and a three-dimensional anisotropic magnetic trap, which creates an array of elongated sub-BECs with transverse tunneling. We show that the system supports 1D continuous and discrete solitons localized in the longitudinal (along the array) and the transverse (across the array) directions, respectively. In addition, such solitons are always unpolarized in the zero-momentum state but polarized in finite-momentum states. We also show that the system supports stable two-dimensional semidiscrete solitons, including single- and multiple-peaked ones, localized in both the longitudinal and transverse directions. Stability diagrams for single-peaked semidiscrete solitons in different parameter spaces are identified. The results reported here are beneficial not only for understanding the physical property of SO-coupled BECs but also for generating new types of matter-wave solitons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chao Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, New York University at Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Guoxiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Physics, New York University at Shanghai, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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28
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Choi YG, Jo D, Ko KH, Go D, Kim KH, Park HG, Kim C, Min BC, Choi GM, Lee HW. Observation of the orbital Hall effect in a light metal Ti. Nature 2023; 619:52-56. [PMID: 37407680 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The orbital Hall effect1 refers to the generation of electron orbital angular momentum flow transverse to an external electric field. Contrary to the common belief that the orbital angular momentum is quenched in solids, theoretical studies2,3 predict that the orbital Hall effect can be strong and is a fundamental origin of the spin Hall effect4-7 in many transition metals. Despite the growing circumstantial evidence8-11, its direct detection remains elusive. Here we report the magneto-optical observation of the orbital Hall effect in the light metal titanium (Ti). The Kerr rotation by the orbital magnetic moment accumulated at Ti surfaces owing to the orbital Hall current is measured, and the result agrees with theoretical calculations semi-quantitatively and is supported by the orbital torque12 measurement in Ti-based magnetic heterostructures. This result confirms the orbital Hall effect and indicates that the orbital angular momentum is an important dynamic degree of freedom in solids. Moreover, this calls for renewed studies of the orbital effect on other degrees of freedom such as spin2,3,13,14, valley15,16, phonon17-19 and magnon20,21 dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gwan Choi
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Daegeun Jo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Kyung-Hun Ko
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dongwook Go
- Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA, Julich, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kyung-Han Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
| | - Hee Gyum Park
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changyoung Kim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Chul Min
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyung-Min Choi
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
- Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Woo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics, Pohang, Korea.
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29
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Bai H, Zhang YC, Zhou YJ, Chen P, Wan CH, Han L, Zhu WX, Liang SX, Su YC, Han XF, Pan F, Song C. Efficient Spin-to-Charge Conversion via Altermagnetic Spin Splitting Effect in Antiferromagnet RuO_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:216701. [PMID: 37295074 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.216701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The relativistic spin Hall effect and inverse spin Hall effect enable the efficient generation and detection of spin current. Recently, a nonrelativistic altermagnetic spin splitting effect (ASSE) has been theoretically and experimentally reported to generate time-reversal-odd spin current with controllable spin polarization in antiferromagnet RuO_{2}. The inverse effect, electrical detection of spin current via ASSE, still remains elusive. Here we show the spin-to-charge conversion stemming from ASSE in RuO_{2} by the spin Seebeck effect measurements. Unconventionally, the spin Seebeck voltage can be detected even when the injected spin current is polarized along the directions of either the voltage channel or the thermal gradient, indicating the successful conversion of x- and z-spin polarizations into the charge current. The crystal axes-dependent conversion efficiency further demonstrates that the nontrivial spin-to-charge conversion in RuO_{2} is ascribed to ASSE, which is distinct from the magnetic or antiferromagnetic inverse spin Hall effects. Our finding not only advances the emerging research landscape of altermagnetism, but also provides a promising pathway for the spin detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bai
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y C Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y J Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - P Chen
- Beijing National fLaboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - C H Wan
- Beijing National fLaboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - L Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - S X Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y C Su
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X F Han
- Beijing National fLaboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - F Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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30
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Dednam W, García-Blázquez MA, Zotti LA, Lombardi EB, Sabater C, Pakdel S, Palacios JJ. A Group-Theoretic Approach to the Origin of Chirality-Induced Spin-Selectivity in Nonmagnetic Molecular Junctions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6452-6465. [PMID: 36947721 PMCID: PMC10100547 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling gives rise to a range of spin-charge interconversion phenomena in nonmagnetic systems where certain spatial symmetries are reduced or absent. Chirality-induced spin-selectivity (CISS), a term that generically refers to a spin-dependent electron transfer in nonmagnetic chiral systems, is one such case, appearing in a variety of seemingly unrelated situations ranging from inorganic materials to molecular devices. In particular, the origin of CISS in molecular junctions is a matter of an intense current debate. Here, we derive a set of geometrical conditions for this effect to appear, hinting at the fundamental role of symmetries beyond otherwise relevant quantitative issues. Our approach, which draws on the use of point-group symmetries within the scattering formalism for transport, shows that electrode symmetries are as important as those of the molecule when it comes to the emergence of a spin-polarization and, by extension, to the possible appearance of CISS. It turns out that standalone metallic nanocontacts can exhibit spin-polarization when relative rotations which reduce the symmetry are introduced. As a corollary, molecular junctions with achiral molecules can also exhibit spin-polarization along the direction of transport, provided that the whole junction is chiral in a specific way. This formalism also allows the prediction of qualitative changes of the spin-polarization upon substitution of a chiral molecule in the junction with its enantiomeric partner. Quantum transport calculations based on density functional theory corroborate all of our predictions and provide further quantitative insight within the single-particle framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Dednam
- Department
of Physics, Florida Science Campus, University
of South Africa, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M. A. García-Blázquez
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Linda A. Zotti
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - E. B. Lombardi
- Department
of Physics, Florida Science Campus, University
of South Africa, 1710 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C. Sabater
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada and Unidad asociada CSIC, Universidad de Alicante, E-03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - S. Pakdel
- CAMD, Department
of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - J. J. Palacios
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto
Nicolás Cabrera (INC) and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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Zhang L, Pan D, Zhu S, Li S. Polaron induced local spin texture and anomalous Hall effect in the quadrilateral prism-shaped nanotube with Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:255401. [PMID: 36972620 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc7ea] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the spin-texture dynamics and the transverse asymmetric charge deflection induced by the polaron in a quadrilateral prism-shaped nanotube with the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We reveal the polaron gives rise to the nontrivial local spin textures in the nanotube within the cross section plane. The spins demonstrate oscillations and the oscillating patterns are dependent on the SOC type. For the nanotube containing a segment of the ferromagnetic domain, the sizable asymmetric charge deflections could additionally take place, namely, the anomalous Hall effect. The amount of the deflected charges is determined by the strength and orientations of the ferromagnetic magnetization as well as the SOC type. The work provides a valuable insight of the coherent transport of polaron through a quasi-one-dimensional nanotube with Rashba and Dresselhaus SOC and open avenues for the potential device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng Pan
- College of Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shilei Zhu
- College of Physics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqi Li
- College of Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
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32
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Fukumoto N, Ohshima R, Aoki M, Fuseya Y, Matsushima M, Shigematsu E, Shinjo T, Ando Y, Sakamoto S, Shiga M, Miwa S, Shiraishi M. Observation of large spin conversion anisotropy in bismuth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2215030120. [PMID: 36952378 PMCID: PMC10068794 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2215030120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While the effective g-factor can be anisotropic due to the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), its existence in solids cannot be simply asserted from a band structure, which hinders progress on studies from such viewpoints. The effective g-factor in bismuth (Bi) is largely anisotropic; especially for holes at T-point, the effective g-factor perpendicular to the trigonal axis is negligibly small (<0.112), whereas the effective g-factor along the trigonal axis is very large (62.7). We clarified in this work that the large anisotropy of effective g-factor gives rise to the large spin conversion anisotropy in Bi from experimental and theoretical approaches. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance was applied to estimate the spin conversion efficiency in rhombohedral (110) Bi to be 17 to 27%, which is unlike the negligibly small efficiency in Bi(111). Harmonic Hall measurements support the large spin conversion efficiency in Bi(110). A large spin conversion anisotropy as the clear manifestation of the anisotropy of the effective g-factor is observed. Beyond the emblematic case of Bi, our study unveiled the significance of the effective g-factor anisotropy in condensed-matter physics and can pave a pathway toward establishing novel spin physics under g-factor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fukumoto
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryo Ohshima
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Motomi Aoki
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Fuseya
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo182-8585, Japan
| | - Masayuki Matsushima
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Ei Shigematsu
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Teruya Shinjo
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ando
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama332-0012, Japan
| | - Shoya Sakamoto
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba227-8581, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba227-8581, Japan
| | - Shinji Miwa
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba227-8581, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiraishi
- Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto615-8510, Japan
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33
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An T, Cui B, Zhang M, Liu F, Cheng S, Zhang K, Ren X, Liu L, Cheng B, Jiang C, Hu J. Electrical Manipulation of Orbital Current Via Oxygen Migration in Ni 81 Fe 19 /CuO x /TaN Heterostructure. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300858. [PMID: 36976522 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The orbital Hall effect and the interfacial Rashba effect provide new approaches to generate orbital current and spin-orbit torque (SOT) efficiently without the use of heavy metals. However, achieving efficient dynamic control of orbital current and SOT in light metal oxides has proven challenging. In this study, it is demonstrated that a sizable magnetoresistance effect related to orbital current and SOT can be observed in Ni81 Fe19 /CuOx /TaN heterostructures with various CuOx oxidization concentrations. The ionic liquid gating induces the migration of oxygen ions, which modulates the oxygen concentration at the Ni81 Fe19 /CuOx interface, leading to reversible manipulation of the magnetoresistance effect and SOT. The existence of a thick TaN capping layer allows for sophisticated internal oxygen ion reconstruction in the CuOx layer, rather than conventional external ion exchange. These results provide a method for the reversible and dynamic manipulation of the orbital current and SOT generation efficiency, thereby advancing the development of spin-orbitronic devices through ionic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyu An
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mingfang Zhang
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Fufu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Cheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Kuikui Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Xue Ren
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Changjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jifan Hu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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34
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Miao Y, Li D, Zhang H, Ren J, Hu G. Spin Hall effect from bipolaron dynamics in organics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:7763-7771. [PMID: 36857654 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05204k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Using an extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model and a nonadiabatic dynamics method, we investigate the dynamics of bipolarons in coupled nondegenerate organic chains including the spin-orbit coupling and interchain coupling. By tracing the time-dependent evolution of the charges and spins in each chain, an obvious oscillating spin Hall effect (SHE) from the bipolaron transport is revealed. The results are compared with that from polaron-dominated transport. A reduction of amplitude and an increase of oscillating frequency are observed for the SHE from the bipolaron transport. The mechanism is attributed to the enhanced skew scattering off the larger transient deformations of the chains in the case of the bipolaron. Spectrum analysis by fast Fourier transform of the SHE signal demonstrates a distinct shift of two characteristic peaks to a higher onset frequency compared to the polaron transport. The charge-spin conversion efficiency is also compared, where a larger conversion efficiency is obtained from the bipolaron transport due to the lower saturated velocity. The effects of the strength of the electric field and the interactions are discussed. This work reveals the role of the bipolaron in organic SHE and provides a feasible way to achieve larger conversion efficiency by controlling the species of carriers with the concentration of the dopant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Miao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Dan Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Junfeng Ren
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Guichao Hu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250100, China.
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35
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Watanabe H, Shirakawa T, Seki K, Sakakibara H, Kotani T, Ikeda H, Yunoki S. Monte Carlo study of cuprate superconductors in a four-bandd-pmodel: role of orbital degrees of freedom. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35:195601. [PMID: 36866651 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc0bf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the various competing phases in cuprate superconductors is a long-standing challenging problem. Recent studies have shown that orbital degrees of freedom, both Cuegorbitals and Oporbitals, are a key ingredient for a unified understanding of cuprate superconductors, including the material dependence. Here we investigate a four-bandd-pmodel derived from the first-principles calculations with the variational Monte Carlo method, which allows us to elucidate competing phases on an equal footing. The obtained results can consistently explain the doping dependence of superconductivity, antiferromagnetic and stripe phases, phase separation in the underdoped region, and also novel magnetism in the heavily-overdoped region. The presence ofporbitals is critical to the charge-stripe features, which induce two types of stripe phases withs)-wave andd-wave bond stripe. On the other hand, the presence ofdz2orbital is indispensable to material dependence of the superconducting transition temperature (Tc), and enhances local magnetic moment as a source of novel magnetism in the heavily-overdoped region as well. These findings beyond one-band description could provide a major step toward a full explanation of unconventional normal state and highTcin cuprate supercondutors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Watanabe
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Tomonori Shirakawa
- Computational Materials Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS), Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Quantum Computational Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Seki
- Quantum Computational Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sakakibara
- Advanced Mechanical and Electronic System Research Center (AMES), Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Center of Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Computational Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Kotani
- Advanced Mechanical and Electronic System Research Center (AMES), Faculty of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
- Center of Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Physics, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Seiji Yunoki
- Computational Materials Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Computational Science (R-CCS), Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
- Quantum Computational Science Research Team, RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Computational Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Computational Quantum Matter Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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36
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Charoenpakdee J, Suntijitrungruang O, Boonchui S. Investigating valley-dependent current generation due to asymmetric energy dispersion for charge-transfer from a quantum dot to single-walled carbon nanotube. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3105. [PMID: 36813853 PMCID: PMC9947177 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30247-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT), which consist of a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms, possess unique mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal properties. SWCNT can be synthesized in diverse chiral indexes to determine certain attributes. This work theoretically investigates electron transport in different directions along SWCNT. The electron studied in this research transfers from the quantum dot that can possibly move to the right or left direction in SWCNT with different valley-dependent probability. These results show that valley polarized current is present. The valley current in the right and left directions has a composition of valley degrees of freedom where its components (K and K') are not identical. Such a result can be traced theoretically by certain effects. That firstly is the curvature effect on SWCNT in which the hopping integral between [Formula: see text] electrons from the flat graphene is altered, and another is curvature-inducing [Formula: see text] mixture. Due to these effects, the band structure of SWCNT is asymmetric in certain chiral indexes leading to the asymmetry of valley electron transport. Our results exhibit that the zigzag chiral indexes is the only type making electron transport symmetrical that is different to the result from the other chiral index types which are the armchair and chiral. This work also illustrates the characteristic of the electron wave function propagating from the initial point to the tip of the tube over time, and the current density of the probability in specific times. Additionally, our research simulates the result from the dipole interaction between the electron in QD and the tube that impacts the lifetime of the electron being in QD. The simulation portrays that more dipole interaction encourages the electron transfer to the tube, thereby shortening the lifetime. We as well suggest the reversed electron transfer from the tube to QD that the time duration of such transfer is much less than the opposite transfer owing to the different orbital of the electron's states. Valley polarized current in SWCNTs may also be used in the development of energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. The performance and effectiveness of nanoscale devices, including transistors, solar cells, artificial antennas, quantum computers, and nano electronic circuits, must be improved in order to achieve a variety of benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Charoenpakdee
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - Ongart Suntijitrungruang
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
| | - S. Boonchui
- grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand ,grid.9723.f0000 0001 0944 049XCenter of Rubber and Polymer Materials in Agriculture and Industry (RPM), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand
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37
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Nakajima R, Hirobe D, Kawaguchi G, Nabei Y, Sato T, Narushima T, Okamoto H, Yamamoto HM. Giant spin polarization and a pair of antiparallel spins in a chiral superconductor. Nature 2023; 613:479-484. [PMID: 36653570 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral molecules can exhibit spin-selective charge emission, which is known as chirality-induced spin selectivity1,2. Despite the constituent light elements of the molecules, their spin polarization can approach or even exceed that of typical ferromagnets. This powerful capability may lead to applications in the chiral spintronics2 field. Although the origin of spin selectivity is elusive, two microscopic phenomena have been suggested based on experimental results: effective enhancement of spin-orbit interactions3 and chirality represented by a pair of oppositely polarized spins4,5. However, the hypotheses remain to be verified. Here we report the simultaneous observation of these two phenomena in an organic chiral superconductor by magnetoresistance measurements in the vicinity of the superconducting transition temperature. A pair of oppositely polarized spins is demonstrated by spatially mapping the spin polarity in an electric alternating current excitation. The obtained spin polarization exceeds that of the Edelstein effect6-10 by several orders of magnitude, which indicates an effective enhancement of the spin-orbit interaction. Our results demonstrate a solid-state analogue of spin accumulations assumed for chiral molecules, and may provide clues to the origin of their molecular counterparts. In addition, the innovative capability of spin-current sourcing will invigorate superconducting spintronics research11.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nakajima
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - D Hirobe
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan. .,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan. .,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan. .,Shizuoka University, Suruga, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - G Kawaguchi
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Y Nabei
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - T Sato
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - T Narushima
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,Elementary and Secondary Education Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan
| | - H M Yamamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan. .,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Japan.
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Yang H, Schmoranzerová E, Jang P, Nath J, Guillet T, Joumard I, Auffret S, Jamet M, Němec P, Gaudin G, Miron IM. Helicity dependent photoresistance measurement vs. beam-shift thermal gradient. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6790. [PMID: 36357377 PMCID: PMC9649656 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34198-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical detection techniques are among the most powerful methods used to characterize spintronic phenomena. The spin orientation can affect the light polarization, which, by the reciprocal mechanism, can modify the spin density. Numerous recent experiments, report local changes in the spin density induced by a circularly polarized focused laser beam. These effects are typically probed electrically, by detecting the variations of the photoresistance or photocurrent associated to the reversal of the light helicity. Here we show that in general, when the light helicity is modified, the beam profile is slightly altered, and the barycenter of the laser spot is displaced. Consequently, the temperature gradients produced by the laser heating will be modulated, producing thermo-electric signals that alternate in phase with the light polarization. These unintended signals, having no connection with the electron spin, appear under the same experimental conditions and can be easily misinterpreted. We show how this contribution can be experimentally assessed and removed from the measured data. We find that even when the beam profile is optimized, this effect is large, and completely overshadows the spin related signals in all the materials and experimental conditions that we have tested. Many recent studies have explored the response of magnetic systems to circularly polarised light. To achieve this, typically experiments use a birefringent crystal. Here, Yang et al show that any small error in the alignment of the crystal can result in a beam shift, and this shift can lead to spurious signals similar yet unrelated to the electron spin.
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39
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Rehman MU, Qiao Z. MX family: an efficient platform for topological spintronics based on Rashba and Zeeman-like spin splittings. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 51:015001. [PMID: 36279874 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac9d15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Taking various combinations of M = (Mo, W) and X = (C, S, Se) as examples, we propose that MX (M = transition metals, X = IV,V or VI elements) family can establish an excellent platform for both conventional and topological spintronics applications based on anisotropic Rashba-like and non-magnetic Zeeman-type spin splittings with electrically tunable nature. In particular, we observe sizeable Zeeman-like and Rashba-like spin splittings with an anisotropic nature. Meanwhile, they exhibit Rashba-like and topologically robust helical edge states when grown in ferroelectric and paraelectric phases, respectively. These MX monolayers are realized to be quantum valley Hall insulators due to valley contrasting Berry curvatures. The carriers in these MX monolayers can be selectively excited from opposite valleys depending on the polarity of circularly polarized light. The amplitude of the spin splitting can be further tuned by applying external means such as strain, electric field or alloy engineering. Furthermore, considering graphene sheet over the WC monolayer as a prototype example, we show that these MX monolayers can boost the relativistic effect by coupling with the systems exhibiting extremely weak spin-orbit coupling (SOC). Depending on the surface of WC monolayer in contact with the graphene sheet, graphene over WC monolayer passes through the transformation from the semiconducting junction to the Shotcky barrier-free contact. Finally, we reveal that these MX monolayers could also be grown on the substrates such as WS2(001)and GaTe (001) with type-II band alignment, where electron and hole become layer splitted across the interface. Our analysis should be fairly applied to other systems with strong SOC and an equivalent geometrical structure to the MX monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majeed Ur Rehman
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- ICQD, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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40
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Chu R, Liu L, Cui B, Liu W, An T, Ren X, Miao T, Cheng B, Hu J. Electrical Control of Spin Hall Effect in Pt by Hydrogen Ion Adsorption and Desorption. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16077-16084. [PMID: 36130100 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The manipulation of charge-to-spin current conversion and spin-orbit torque (SOT) is of great interest due to its profound physics and potential applications. Controlling the spin current through the electric field provides a perspective for highly efficient SOT devices. Here, we use H2O-doped ionic liquid gating to realize the reversible and nonvolatile manipulation of the spin Hall effect of Pt, and the spin Hall angle can be modulated by 48% within an accessible gate voltage range. The increase in the spin Hall angle is demonstrated to be caused by the adsorption of hydrogen ions on the Pt surface and the consequent enhancement of the spin Hall conductivity under positive voltage. Furthermore, the enhancement of the spin Hall angle is beneficial to reduce the critical current density for driving the domain wall motion. These results supply a method for the dynamic control of the charge-to-spin current conversion, which will promote the development of spintronic devices driven by electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyue Chu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Weikang Liu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Taiyu An
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xue Ren
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Tingting Miao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jifan Hu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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41
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Zhai G, Zhu Y, Jiang F, Yan Y, Wang S. Spin-selective thermoelectric transport along a vibrating α-helical protein molecule. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:475301. [PMID: 36103873 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac920c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Motivated by the development of bio-thermoelectricity and spin caloritronics, we studied the nonlinear spin-selective transport along a vibratingα-helical protein molecule in the presence of thermal bias by using the standard nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. Our results demonstrate that the thermal bias induces the oscillation of spin-polarization between positive and negative values accompanied by spin current with increasing the chain length. Moreover, even for the very short preparable peptide chains, external electron-phonon interaction can give rise to the spin-selectivity, whereas characteristic electron-phonon interaction can not, but in conjunction with thermal bias, it has an important impact on the total current's direction and the spin-polarized current intensity. Finally, the spin-polarization induced by thermal bias can be modulated by gate-bias much more easily as compared to that induced by electric bias. We conclude that by applying thermal bias and gate-bias,α-helical protein molecules are conducive to the storage of binary digits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Zhai
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Zhu
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- College of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- Department of Physics, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shikuan Wang
- Department of Physics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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42
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Hasan M, Madasu CS, Rathod KD, Kwong CC, Miniatura C, Chevy F, Wilkowski D. Wave Packet Dynamics in Synthetic Non-Abelian Gauge Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:130402. [PMID: 36206409 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is generally admitted that in quantum mechanics, the electromagnetic potentials have physical interpretations otherwise absent in classical physics as illustrated by the Aharonov-Bohm effect. In 1984, Berry interpreted this effect as a geometrical phase factor. The same year, Wilczek and Zee generalized the concept of Berry phases to degenerate levels and showed that a non-Abelian gauge field arises in these systems. In sharp contrast with the Abelian case, spatially uniform non-Abelian gauge fields can induce particle noninertial motion. We explore this intriguing phenomenon with a degenerated Fermionic atomic gas subject to a two-dimensional synthetic SU(2) non-Abelian gauge field. We reveal the spin Hall nature of the noninertial dynamic as well as its anisotropy in amplitude and frequency due to the spin texture of the system. We finally draw the similarities and differences of the observed wave packet dynamic and the celebrated Zitterbewegung effect of the relativistic Dirac equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehedi Hasan
- Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chetan Sriram Madasu
- Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Ketan D Rathod
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chang Chi Kwong
- Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Christian Miniatura
- Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INPHYNI, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Frédéric Chevy
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École normale supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - David Wilkowski
- Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit IRL 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore, Singapore
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Zhu XD, Ko EK, Kimbell G, Robinson J. An optimized scheme for detecting magneto-optic effects in ultrathin films with Sagnac interferometry. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:093101. [PMID: 36182486 DOI: 10.1063/5.0090061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sagnac interferometry is advantageous in measuring time-reversal-symmetry breaking effects in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials as it suppresses time-reversal symmetric birefringent effects that are ubiquitous and often overwhelming in optical detection systems. When its sensitivity is limited only by the amplifier noise in the photo-detector, one needs to optimize the optical power that returns to the detector. We demonstrate an experimental scheme that maximizes the returning optical power in a Sagnac interferometry when detecting the magneto-optic effect in ultrathin films. In this scheme, the optical beam bearing the Faraday effect on a thin film is reflected at a second surface coated with a highly reflective gold film. The gold film increases the returned optical power by a factor of 4-5. For a normal-incidence Sagnac interferometer, this scheme yields an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by the same factor. For an oblique-incidence Sagnac interferometer, this scheme should yield an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of 20-25. For illustration, this scheme is used to measure magnetization curves and Kerr rotation images of 4.5-unit-cell thick SrRuO3(001) grown on SrTiO3(001).
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Zhu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - E K Ko
- Center for Correlated Electron Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - G Kimbell
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - J Robinson
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
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44
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Pal S, Aon S, Manna S, Mitra C. A short-circuited coplanar waveguide for low-temperature single-port ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy setup to probe the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:083909. [PMID: 36050111 DOI: 10.1063/5.0100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A coplanar waveguide shorted in one end is proposed, designed, and implemented successfully to measure the properties of magnetic thin films as a part of the vector network analyzer ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy setup. Its simple structure, potential applications, and easy installation inside the cryostat chamber made it advantageous especially for low-temperature measurements. It provides a wide band of frequencies in the gigahertz range essential for FMR measurements. Our spectroscopy setup with a short-circuited coplanar waveguide has been used to extract the Gilbert damping coefficient and effective magnetization values for standard ferromagnetic thin films, such as Permalloy (Py) and Cobalt (Co). The thickness and temperature-dependent studies of those magnetic parameters have also been done here for the afore-mentioned magnetic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayani Pal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumik Aon
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadip Manna
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chiranjib Mitra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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45
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Yumoto G, Sekiguchi F, Hashimoto R, Nakamura T, Wakamiya A, Kanemitsu Y. Rapidly expanding spin-polarized exciton halo in a two-dimensional halide perovskite at room temperature. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp8135. [PMID: 35905182 PMCID: PMC9337763 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp8135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring of the spatially resolved exciton spin dynamics in two-dimensional semiconductors has revealed the formation of a spatial pattern and long-range transport of the spin-polarized excitons, which holds promise for exciton-based spin-optoelectronic applications. However, the spatial evolution has been restricted to cryogenic temperatures because of the short exciton spin relaxation times at room temperature. Here, we report that two-dimensional halide perovskites can overcome this limitation owing to their relatively long exciton spin relaxation times and substantial exciton-exciton interactions. We demonstrate the emergence of a halo-like spatial profile in spin-polarized exciton population and its ultrafast expansion at room temperature by performing time-resolved Faraday rotation imaging of spin-polarized excitons in two-dimensional perovskite (C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)3Pb4I13. Exciton-exciton exchange interactions induce density-dependent nonlinear relaxation and ultrafast transport of exciton spins and give rise to a rapidly expanding halo-like spatial pattern. The density-dependent spatial control suggests the potential of using two-dimensional halide perovskites for spin-optoelectronic applications.
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46
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Park HJ, Ko HW, Go G, Oh JH, Kim KW, Lee KJ. Spin Swapping Effect of Band Structure Origin in Centrosymmetric Ferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:037202. [PMID: 35905335 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.037202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically demonstrate the spin swapping effect of band structure origin in centrosymmetric ferromagnets. It is mediated by an orbital degree of freedom but does not require inversion asymmetry or impurity spin-orbit scattering. Analytic and tight-binding models reveal that it originates mainly from k points where bands with different spins and different orbitals are nearly degenerate, and thus it has no counterpart in normal metals. First-principle calculations for centrosymmetric 3d transition-metal ferromagnets show that the spin swapping conductivity of band structure origin can be comparable in magnitude to the intrinsic spin Hall conductivity of Pt. Our theory generalizes transverse spin currents generated by ferromagnets and emphasizes the important role of the orbital degree of freedom in describing spin-orbit-coupled transport in centrosymmetric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jong Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Hye-Won Ko
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Gyungchoon Go
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Whan Kim
- Center of Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Manipulating polariton condensates by Rashba-Dresselhaus coupling at room temperature. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3785. [PMID: 35778391 PMCID: PMC9249758 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31529-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling plays an important role in the spin Hall effect and topological insulators. Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit coupling show remarkable quantum phase transition. In this work we control an exciton polariton condensate – a macroscopically coherent state of hybrid light and matter excitations – by virtue of the Rashba-Dresselhaus (RD) spin-orbit coupling. This is achieved in a liquid-crystal filled microcavity where CsPbBr3 perovskite microplates act as the gain material at room temperature. Specifically, we realize an artificial gauge field acting on the CsPbBr3 exciton polariton condensate, splitting the condensate fractions with opposite spins in both momentum and real space. Besides the ground states, higher-order discrete polariton modes can also be split by the RD effect. Our work paves the way to manipulate exciton polariton condensates with a synthetic gauge field based on the RD spin-orbit coupling at room temperature. Engineered spin-orbit coupling can induce novel quantum phases in a Bose-Einstein condensate, however such demonstrations have been limited to cold atom systems. Here the authors realize a exciton-polarion condensate with tunable spin-orbit coupling in a liquid crystal microcavity at room temperature.
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Du BH, Chen MN, Hu LB. Influence of Rashba spin-orbit coupling on Josephson effect in triplet superconductor/two-dimensional semiconductor/triplet superconductor junctions. CHINESE PHYSICS B 2022; 31:077201. [DOI: 10.1088/1674-1056/ac587e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We study theoretically Josephson effect in a planar ballistic junction between two triplet superconductors with p-wave orbital symmetries and separated by a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor channel with strong Rashba spin–orbit coupling. In triplet superconductors, three types of orbital symmetries are considered. We use Bogoliubov–de Gennes formalism to describe quasiparticle propagations through the junction and the supercurrents are calculated in terms of Andreev reflection coefficients. The features of the variation of the supercurrents with the change of the strength of Rashba spin–orbit coupling are investigated in some detail. It is found that for the three types of orbital symmetries considered, both the magnitudes of supercurrent and the current-phase relations can be manipulated effectively by tuning the strength of Rashba spin–orbit coupling. The interplay of Rashba spin–orbit coupling and Zeeman magnetic field on supercurrent is also investigated in some detail.
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Bobkova IV, Bobkov AM, Silaev MA. Magnetoelectric effects in Josephson junctions. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:353001. [PMID: 35709718 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The review is devoted to the fundamental aspects and characteristic features of the magnetoelectric effects, reported in the literature on Josephson junctions (JJs). The main focus of the review is on the manifestations of the direct and inverse magnetoelectric effects in various types of Josephson systems. They provide a coupling of the magnetization in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor JJs to the Josephson current. The direct magnetoelectric effect is a driving force of spin torques acting on the ferromagnet inside the JJ. Therefore it is of key importance for the electrical control of the magnetization. The inverse magnetoelectric effect accounts for the back action of the magnetization dynamics on the Josephson subsystem, in particular, making the JJ to be in the resistive state in the presence of the magnetization dynamics of any origin. The perspectives of the coupling of the magnetization in JJs with ferromagnetic interlayers to the Josephson current via the magnetoelectric effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I V Bobkova
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - A M Bobkov
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
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50
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Wu PH, Qu D, Tu YC, Lin YZ, Chien CL, Huang SY. Exploiting Spin Fluctuations for Enhanced Pure Spin Current. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:227203. [PMID: 35714236 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.227203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the interplay of pure spin current, spin-polarized current, and spin fluctuation in 3d Ni_{x}Cu_{1-x}. By tuning the compositions of the Ni_{x}Cu_{1-x} alloys, we separate the effects due to the pure spin current and spin-polarized current. By exploiting the interaction of spin current with spin fluctuation in suitable Ni-Cu alloys, we obtain an unprecedentedly high spin Hall angle of 46%, about 5 times larger than that in Pt, at room temperature. Furthermore, we show that spin-dependent thermal transport via anomalous Nernst effect can serve as a sensitive magnetometer to electrically probe the magnetic phase transitions in thin films with in-plane anisotropy. The enhancement of spin Hall angle by exploiting spin current fluctuation via composition control makes 3d magnets functional materials in charge-to-spin conversion for spintronic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsun Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Danru Qu
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Tu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Ze Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - C L Chien
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Ssu-Yen Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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