1
|
Ji Q, Feng X, Sun S, Zhang J, Li S, Fu B. Cross-scale coupling of ecosystem service flows and socio-ecological interactions in the Yellow River Basin. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 367:122071. [PMID: 39098077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
As research on the full spectrum of ecosystem service (ES) generation and utilization within coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) has expanded, many studies have shown that the spatiotemporal dynamics of ESs are managed and influenced by human activities. However, there is insufficient research on how ESs are affected by bidirectional coupling between societal and ecological factors during spatial flow, particularly in terms of cross-scale impacts. These bidirectional influences between humans and nature are closely related to the utilization and transfer of ESs and affect the perception of spatiotemporal patterns of ESs and the formulation of management strategies. To fill this research gap, this study focuses on the Yellow River Basin (YRB), using network models to track the spatial dynamics of ES flows (ESFs) and the interactions between ecosystems and socio-economic systems within the basin on an annual scale from 2000 to 2020. The results highlight cross-scale impacts and feedback processes between local subbasins and the larger regional basin: As the supply-demand ratios of freshwater ESs, soil conservation ESs, and food ESs increase within individual subbasins of the YRB, more surplus ESs flow among subbasins. This not only alleviates spatial mismatches in ES supply and demand across the entire basin but also enhances the connectivity of the basin's ESF network. Subsequently, the cascading transfer and accumulation of ESs feedback into local socio-ecological interactions, with both socio-economic factors and the capacity for ES output within subbasins becoming increasingly reliant on external ES inflows. These results underscore the crucial role of ESFs within the CHANS of the YRB and imply the importance of cross-regional cooperation and cross-scale management strategies in optimizing ES supply-demand relationships. Furthermore, this study identifies the potential risks and challenges inherent in highly coupled systems. In conclusion, this work deepens the understanding of the spatial flow characteristics of ESs and their socio-ecological interactions; the analytical methods used in this study can also be applied to research on large river basins like the YRB, and even larger regional ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiulei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Siqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Siya Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang S, Xue J, Zhang Z, Sun H, Li X, Chang J, Liu X, Yao L. An adaptive cycle resilience perspective to understand the regime shifts of social-ecological system interactions over the past two millennia in the Tarim River Basin. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34184. [PMID: 39100432 PMCID: PMC11295977 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Socio-ecological systems (SESs) in arid regions have experienced multiple transformations throughout history due to human activities and natural forces. However, few studies have used the resilience cycle model to explain the resilience status and determinants of SESs over the past two millennia. This study proposes the adaptive cycle resilience (ACR) perspective to investigate regime shifts of socio-ecological system interactions in the Tarim River Basin (TRB) over the past two millennia. An ACR framework combining a piecewise linear regression model (PLR), ACR theory, and physical resilience models has been built to assess and quantify socio-ecological system resilience. Key indicators such as climate variability, settlement numbers, war frequency, glacier accumulation, and oasis area changes are identified and quantified to evaluate SESs adaptability and transformability. Glacier accumulation serves as a proxy for long-term climate change, while oasis area changes reflect the direct impact of human activities and environmental feedback on ecosystem productivity. Population and war indicators provide insights into social system stability and the impact of conflicts on SESs dynamics. The findings reveal that the 7th century and 1850s are critical points of regime shifts in the ACR. 200s BC-350s AD and 700s AD-900s AD are in the forward loop (r-K) period of the ACR. 350s AD-700s AD and 900s AD-1850s AD are the adaptive resilience backward loop (Ω-α) phase. Assessing the historical socio-ecological system resilience and identifying key transition points can inform proactive measures to mitigate potential regime shifts. Combining historical data with resilience theory provides a deep understanding of the ACR of SESs and their driving factors. This enriches the theoretical understanding of SESs and offers a robust case study for future resilience assessments and scenario analyses in arid regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunke Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, 860000, China
| | - Huaiwei Sun
- School of Hydropower and Information Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, Xinjiang, China
- College of Geography Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, Xinjiang, China
- College of Ecology and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, Xinjiang, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Luchen Yao
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300, Xinjiang, China
- College of Geography Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jing P, Sheng J, Wang Y, Hu T, Guo L, Zhu R, Dong K, Mahmoud A, Liu Y, Li X. Assessing the ecological security of the Three Gorges reservoir complex ecosystem based on the improved three-dimensional emergy ecological footprint model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 933:173086. [PMID: 38734102 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The ecological security (ES) of the reservoir complex ecosystem (RCE) is one of the critical components of watershed water security and sustainable development. Hence, accurately assessing the ES of the RCE is of utmost importance. This study proposed a novel ecological security assessment model based on the improved three-dimensional emergy ecological footprint (ESM-IEEF3D), which integrated various emergy flows during the RCE's construction and operation into a three-dimensional emergy ecological footprint (EEF3D) calculation account. The Three Gorges Project (TGP) is selected as a case study to evaluate the ES from 1993 to 2022 comprehensively. The results showed that the Three Gorges RCE mainly showed an ecological remainder state, and the inflow runoff enormously promoted the TGP's sustainability. The EEF3D indicated a fluctuation decrease trend with a mean value of 7.18 × 102 ha, illustrating that TGP's ecological security and sustainability levels are gradually improving. Regarding the ES evaluation indicators, the TGP's resource dependency and ecological pressure on the natural ecosystem and the external socio-economic system are steadily relieved. Furthermore, the Three Gorges RCE's resource utilization condition is safe, the structural characteristics are healthy, and the eco-economic coordination degree is continuously enlightening. Finally, applicable policy implications for improving the ecological security of Three Gorges RCE were provided. This study helps to understand the complex relationship between humans and ecosystems. It provides a novel framework to be used as an evaluation index and policy insights for hydropower ecological security and sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jinbao Sheng
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- International Business School, Beijing Foreign Studies University, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Tiesong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lidan Guo
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Pearl River Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou 510611, China
| | - Kai Dong
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Frans VF, Liu J. Gaps and opportunities in modelling human influence on species distributions in the Anthropocene. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1365-1377. [PMID: 38867092 PMCID: PMC11239511 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02435-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Understanding species distributions is a global priority for mitigating environmental pressures from human activities. Ample studies have identified key environmental (climate and habitat) predictors and the spatial scales at which they influence species distributions. However, regarding human influence, such understandings are largely lacking. Here, to advance knowledge concerning human influence on species distributions, we systematically reviewed species distribution modelling (SDM) articles and assessed current modelling efforts. We searched 12,854 articles and found only 1,429 articles using human predictors within SDMs. Collectively, these studies of >58,000 species used 2,307 unique human predictors, suggesting that in contrast to environmental predictors, there is no 'rule of thumb' for human predictor selection in SDMs. The number of human predictors used across studies also varied (usually one to four per study). Moreover, nearly half the articles projecting to future climates held human predictors constant over time, risking false optimism about the effects of human activities compared with climate change. Advances in using human predictors in SDMs are paramount for accurately informing and advancing policy, conservation, management and ecology. We show considerable gaps in including human predictors to understand current and future species distributions in the Anthropocene, opening opportunities for new inquiries. We pose 15 questions to advance ecological theory, methods and real-world applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica F Frans
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Q, Tao S, Jagger P, Band LE, Bilsborrow RE, Zhang Z, Huang Q, Zhang Q, Moody A, Song C. Remittance from migrants reinforces forest recovery for China's reforestation policy. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296751. [PMID: 38923961 PMCID: PMC11207146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Forests play a key role in the mitigation of global warming and provide many other vital ecosystem goods and services. However, as forest continues to vanish at an alarming rate from the surface of the planet, the world desperately needs knowledge on what contributes to forest preservation and restoration. Migration, a hallmark of globalization, is widely recognized as a main driver of forest recovery and poverty alleviation. Here, we show that remittance from migrants reinforces forest recovery that would otherwise be unlikely with mere migration, realizing the additionality of payments for ecosystem services for China's largest reforestation policy, the Conversion of Cropland to Forest Program (CCFP). Guided by the framework that integrates telecoupling and coupled natural and human systems, we investigate forest-livelihood dynamics under the CCFP through the lens of rural out-migration and remittance using both satellite remote sensing imagery and household survey data in two representative sites of rural China. Results show that payments from the CCFP significantly increases the probability of sending remittance by out-migrants to their origin households. We observe substantial forest regeneration and greening surrounding households receiving remittance but forest decline and browning in proximity to households with migrants but not receiving remittance, as measured by forest coverage and the Enhanced Vegetation Index derived from space-borne remotely sensed data. The primary mechanism is that remittance reduces the reliance of households on natural capital from forests, particularly fuelwood, allowing forests near the households to recover. The shares of the estimated ecological and economic additionality induced by remittance are 2.0% (1.4%∼3.8%) and 9.7% (5.0%∼15.2%), respectively, to the baseline of the reforested areas enrolled in CCFP and the payments received by the participating households. Remittance-facilitated forest regeneration amounts to 12.7% (6.0%∼18.0%) of the total new forest gained during the 2003-2013 in China. Our results demonstrate that remittance constitutes a telecoupling mechanism between rural areas and cities over long distances, influencing the local social-ecological gains that the forest policy intended to stimulate. Thus, supporting remittance-sending migrants in cities can be an effective global warming mitigation strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Shiqi Tao
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Pamela Jagger
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lawrence E. Band
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Bilsborrow
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingfeng Huang
- School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Quanfa Zhang
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Aaron Moody
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Conghe Song
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Seidl R, Senf C. Changes in planned and unplanned canopy openings are linked in Europe's forests. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4741. [PMID: 38834542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Canopy openings are increasing in Europe's forests, yet the contributions of anthropogenic and ecological agents of disturbance to this increase remain debated. Here we attribute the root cause of all stand-replacing canopy disturbances identified for Europe in the period 1986-2020 from Landsat data (417,000 km²), distinguishing between planned and unplanned canopy openings (i.e., disturbance by human land use versus by wind, bark beetles, and wildfire). We show that canopy openings by humans dominate the European forest disturbance regime, accounting for 82% of the area disturbed. Both planned and unplanned canopy openings increased in the early 21st century (+24% and +30% relative to the late 20th century). Their changes are linked, with simultaneous increases in planned and unplanned canopy openings on 68% of Europe's forest area. We conclude that an important direction for tackling disturbance change in policy and management is to break the link between planned and unplanned canopy openings in Europe's forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rupert Seidl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management, Freising, Germany.
- Berchtesgaden National Park, Berchtesgaden, Germany.
| | - Cornelius Senf
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Ecosystem Dynamics and Forest Management, Freising, Germany
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Life Sciences, Earth Observation for Ecosystem Management, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pickett STA, Simone AT, Anderson P, Sharifi A, Barau A, Hoover FA, Childers DL, McPhearson T, Muñoz-Erickson TA, Pacteau C, Grove M, Frantzeskaki N, Nagendra H, Ginsberg J. The relational shift in urban ecology: From place and structures to multiple modes of coproduction for positive urban futures. AMBIO 2024; 53:845-870. [PMID: 38643341 PMCID: PMC11058174 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
This perspective emerged from ongoing dialogue among ecologists initiated by a virtual workshop in 2021. A transdisciplinary group of researchers and practitioners conclude that urban ecology as a science can better contribute to positive futures by focusing on relationships, rather than prioritizing urban structures. Insights from other relational disciplines, such as political ecology, governance, urban design, and conservation also contribute. Relationality is especially powerful given the need to rapidly adapt to the changing social and biophysical drivers of global urban systems. These unprecedented dynamics are better understood through a relational lens than traditional structural questions. We use three kinds of coproduction-of the social-ecological world, of science, and of actionable knowledge-to identify key processes of coproduction within urban places. Connectivity is crucial to relational urban ecology. Eight themes emerge from the joint explorations of the paper and point toward social action for improving life and environment in urban futures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - AbdouMaliq T Simone
- Urban Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Beyond Inhabitation Lab, Polytechnic University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pippin Anderson
- Department of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Private Bag x3, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - Ayyoob Sharifi
- Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan
| | - Aliyu Barau
- Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Bayero University Kano, PMB 3011, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Fushcia-Ann Hoover
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Daniel L Childers
- School of Sustainability, WCPH 442, Arizona State University, POB 877904, Tempe, AZ, 85287-7904, USA
| | - Timon McPhearson
- The New School, 79 Fifth Avenue, 16th Fl., New York, NY, 10003, USA
- Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tischa A Muñoz-Erickson
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Jardín Botánico Sur, Río Piedras, PR, 00926, USA
| | - Chantal Pacteau
- Institut d'Écologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie 4, place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Morgan Grove
- Baltimore Field Station, USDA Forest Service, 5523 Research Park Drive, Suite 350, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Niki Frantzeskaki
- Utrecht University, Vening Meinesz Building A, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Harini Nagendra
- Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability, Azim Premji University, Burugunte Village, Bikkanahalli Main Road, Sarjapura, Bangalore, 562125, India
| | - Joshua Ginsberg
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, 12545, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ye J, Xiao C, Feng Z, Qiao T. A review of global wilderness area identification since the 21st century. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 358:120946. [PMID: 38652991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wilderness areas are natural landscape elements that are relatively undisrupted by human activity and play a critical role in maintaining ecological equilibrium, preserving naturalness, and ensuring ecosystem resilience. Since 2000, monitoring of global wilderness areas has increased owing to the availability of spatial map data and remote sensing imagery related to human activity and/or human footprint. Progress has been made in the remote sensing of wilderness areas by relying on available historical literature (e.g., published papers, books, and reports). However, to our knowledge, a synthesis of wilderness area research from a remote sensing perspective has not yet been performed. In this preliminary review, we discuss the concept of wilderness in different historical eras and systematically summarize dynamic wilderness monitoring at local, national, and global scales, available remotely sensed indicators, disparities and commonalities in identification methods, and mapping uncertainties. Finally, since this field remains in its initial stage owing to a lack of unified standards and vertical/horizontal comparisons, we present insights into future research directions, particularly with regard to remote sensing. The findings of this review may help to improve the overall understanding of current wilderness patterns (i.e., increases/decreases) and the mechanisms by which they change, as well as provide guidance for global nature conservation programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Chiwei Xiao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100049, Beijing, China.
| | - Tian Qiao
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Address: 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, 100049, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin Q, Zhang K, Giguet-Covex C, Arnaud F, McGowan S, Gielly L, Capo E, Huang S, Ficetola GF, Shen J, Dearing JA, Meadows ME. Transient social-ecological dynamics reveal signals of decoupling in a highly disturbed Anthropocene landscape. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321303121. [PMID: 38640342 PMCID: PMC11046650 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321303121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the transient dynamics of interlinked social-ecological systems (SES) is imperative for assessing sustainability in the Anthropocene. However, how to identify critical transitions in real-world SES remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we present an evolutionary framework to characterize these dynamics over an extended historical timeline. Our approach leverages multidecadal rates of change in socioeconomic data, paleoenvironmental, and cutting-edge sedimentary ancient DNA records from China's Yangtze River Delta, one of the most densely populated and intensively modified landscapes on Earth. Our analysis reveals two significant social-ecological transitions characterized by contrasting interactions and feedback spanning several centuries. Initially, the regional SES exhibited a loosely connected and ecologically sustainable regime. Nevertheless, starting in the 1950s, an increasingly interconnected regime emerged, ultimately resulting in the crossing of tipping points and an unprecedented acceleration in soil erosion, water eutrophication, and ecosystem degradation. Remarkably, the second transition occurring around the 2000s, featured a notable decoupling of socioeconomic development from ecoenvironmental degradation. This decoupling phenomenon signifies a more desirable reconfiguration of the regional SES, furnishing essential insights not only for the Yangtze River Basin but also for regions worldwide grappling with similar sustainability challenges. Our extensive multidecadal empirical investigation underscores the value of coevolutionary approaches in understanding and addressing social-ecological system dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Charline Giguet-Covex
- Laboratoire Environnements, Dyamiques et Teritoires de la Montagne, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Chambéry73000, France
| | - Fabien Arnaud
- Laboratoire Environnements, Dyamiques et Teritoires de la Montagne, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Chambéry73000, France
| | - Suzanne McGowan
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen6708PB, Netherlands
| | - Ludovic Gielly
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, GrenobleF-38000, France
| | - Eric Capo
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, UmeåSE-90187, Sweden
| | - Shixin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing210008, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gentile Francesco Ficetola
- Laboratoire d’Écologie Alpine, CNRS, Université Grenoble Alpes, GrenobleF-38000, France
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan20133, Italy
| | - Ji Shen
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - John A. Dearing
- School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, SouthamptonSO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E. Meadows
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Environmental & Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch7701, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng J, Liu X, Gu T, Fu B. Developing integrated geography to support the "Community" visions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:727-731. [PMID: 38233277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Peng
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xuebang Liu
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianwei Gu
- Technology Innovation Center for Integrated Ecosystem Restoration and Sustainable Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bojie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu W, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou B. Research on the coupling relationship and interaction between urbanization and eco-environment in urban agglomerations: A case study of the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301287. [PMID: 38547305 PMCID: PMC10977893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Urban agglomerations are emerging as new regional units for national participation in global competition and the international division of labor. However, they face increasingly severe resource and eco-environment pressures during urbanization. The coordination of the relationship between urbanization and the eco-environment has attracted global attention. In this study, we used Coupling Coordination Degree and Vector Autoregression models to examine the dynamic evolution, coupling relationships, coordinated development patterns, and interaction mechanisms between urbanization and the eco-environment. The results indicate that: (1) The level of urbanization in the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban agglomeration was relatively low, and the region showed a good eco-environment background. However, rapid urbanization is gradually straining the carrying capacity of the eco-environment. (2) A close and stable coupling relationship exists between urbanization and the eco-environment, which has reached an advanced coupling stage. The status of coordinated development among cities differs considerably, and multiple stable forms may exist simultaneously. (3) Urbanization has a substantial impact on environmental changes, whereas the restrictive effect of the eco-environment on urbanization development is not particularly notable. (4) Various interactive relationships exist between the urbanization and eco-environment subsystems, including positive promotion and negative constraint effects. The positive promotion effect mainly manifests between the economic, social, and ecological response subsystems, while the negative constraint effect is most evident in the mutual coercion and inhibition between the regional urbanization, economic urbanization, ecological status, and ecological pressure subsystems. These findings have important policy implications for decision makers exploring the path of coordinated and sustainable development in urbanization and the eco-environment in Urban agglomerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Wu
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, Chin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, Chin
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, Chin
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McNamara DE, Smith MD, Williams Z, Gopalakrishnan S, Landry CE. Policy and market forces delay real estate price declines on the US coast. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2209. [PMID: 38467636 PMCID: PMC10928214 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46548-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing risks from sea-level rise (SLR) and storms, US coastal communities continue to attract relatively high-income residents, and coastal property values continue to rise. To understand this seeming paradox and explore policy responses, we develop the Coastal Home Ownership Model (C-HOM) and analyze the long-term evolution of coastal real estate markets. C-HOM incorporates changing physical attributes of the coast, economic values of these attributes, and dynamic risks associated with storms and flooding. Resident owners, renters, and non-resident investors jointly determine coastal property values and the policy choices that influence the physical evolution of the coast. In the coupled system, we find that subsidies for coastal management, such as beach nourishment, tax advantages for high-income property owners, and stable or increasing property values outside the coastal zone all dampen the effects of SLR on coastal property values. The effects, however, are temporary and only delay precipitous declines as total inundation approaches. By removing subsidies, prices would more accurately reflect risks from SLR but also trigger more coastal gentrification, as relatively high-income owners enter the market and self-finance nourishment. Our results suggest a policy tradeoff between slowing demographic transitions in coastal communities and allowing property markets to adjust smoothly to risks from climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan E McNamara
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, UNC Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
- Center for Marine Science, UNC Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
| | - Martin D Smith
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Economics, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| | - Zachary Williams
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, UNC Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, 28403, USA
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Sathya Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Craig E Landry
- Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li Y, Jin Q, Chen Z, Yin B, Li Y, Liu J. Pathways for achieving conservation targets under metacoupled anthropogenic disturbances. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120227. [PMID: 38310798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Enhancing connectivity between protected areas stands as a paramount objective in advancing global conservation goals, particularly in coastal regions grappling with escalating human disruptions. However, little attention has been given to quantitative assessment of human-nature interactions within and among protected areas. Here, we endeavored to model the connectivity between protected areas in rapidly urbanizing regions in China, drawing on insights from the framework of metacoupling based on connected corridors at short and long distances. In alignment with the overarching global conservation aim of increasing the overall coverage of protected areas, we found that adding new site to the protected area system yields superior connectivity gains compared to merely expanding the boundaries of the existing sites. Within the connectivity network between protected areas, we discerned specific sites acting as stepping stones, pivotal in enhancing connectivity among the chosen protected areas. Our study propounds a pragmatic methodology for prioritizing local protection initiatives and underscores the criticality of incorporating connectivity conservation strategies. This approach is vital for attaining regional biodiversity targets, given the dual perspective encompassing both human activities and the natural environment, particularly in the face of mounting anthropogenic disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Qihao Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zhixue Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Bingchao Yin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Yangfan Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of Coastal and Wetland Ecosystems (Ministry of Education), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Delie J, Dietsch AM. The sensitivities and adaptive capacity of public lands visitors. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 352:120010. [PMID: 38219666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Lands and waters administered by governing entities for public use (i.e., "public lands") are subject to changing social and ecological conditions (e.g., overcrowding, drought). Public lands managers are often tasked with addressing these changes while balancing conservation goals and public use mandates, and their decisions can significantly and inequitably impact visitor sensitivities to different types of exposures. To gain insights into visitor sensitivities and their adaptive capacity to mitigate the impacts of exposures, we draw upon a comprehensive monitoring effort conducted in collaboration with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) to understand visitor experiences on national wildlife refuges (refuges). We collected data from 10,556 visitors to 68 refuges during 2018-2019, then segmented respondents into unique visitor types based on their frequency of visiting "this refuge" where they were contacted, their participation across different activities at that refuge, and visits to other public lands for purposes of their primary activity, all during the 12 months prior to being contacted. We then explored differences among the resulting visitor types in their (a) purpose of visit, (b) satisfaction with opportunities during their visit, and (c) demographic characteristics. Finally, we used external data sources to explore the sensitivities and adaptive capacity of visitors' home communities. Our approach identified eight types of visitors with distinct sensitivities and adaptive capacities. For example, the type categorized as "most sensitive" due to activity specialization and site dependency was more likely to engage in activities (e.g., fishing, hunting) that may be subsistence uses of public lands and more often lived in communities with reduced adaptive capacity. Our assessment supports public lands decision-making by helping to understand and address social inequities that may arise or be exacerbated by rapidly changing conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jackie Delie
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Alia M Dietsch
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li F, Wu S, Liu H, Yan D. Biodiversity loss through cropland displacement for urban expansion in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167988. [PMID: 37875196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
As a result of rapid economic development, urban expansion reduced the cropland in China. To secure the food supply, cropland displacement to maintain the quantity and quality of cropland has been implemented. Here, we quantified the biodiversity losses due to cropland displacement resulting from urban expansion from a telecoupling perspective in China from 1980 to 2020. A comprehensive multimodel assessment demonstrated that the indirect biodiversity losses due to cropland displacement resulting from urban expansion were approximately 2 to 3 times higher than its direct biodiversity losses, at a total loss of approximately 0.6 % to 1.0 %, as indicated by three biodiversity indicators. Displaced cropland with a higher biodiversity cost but lower cropland productivity is the main reason for the excessive indirect losses and suggests that socioecological processes may be detrimental to the synergistic benefits of the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for food security and terrestrial biodiversity. This study also identified source-sink hotspots for indirect biodiversity losses, which can contribute to improving biodiversity conservation, optimizing the spatial distribution of cropland and thus enhancing socioecological system sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fufu Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, and PKU-Saihanba Station, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, and PKU-Saihanba Station, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Daohao Yan
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China..
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wu W, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou B. Research on the synergistic effects of urbanization and ecological environment in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration based on the Haken model. Sci Rep 2024; 14:117. [PMID: 38168142 PMCID: PMC10762235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of urbanization and the protection of the ecological environment are important aspects of sustainable development in urban agglomerations; thus, their coordination and synergy are crucial. Scholars in both China and other countries have conducted extensive research on the relationship between urbanization and the ecological environment from the perspective of coordinated development. However, there is a lack of research on the synergistic effects of urbanization and the ecological environment. Taking the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration as an example, this study uses the Haken model to analyze the synergistic evolution mechanism, development patterns, and future trends of urbanization and the ecological environment. This study draws the following conclusions: (1) while a synergistic development mechanism has been established between urbanization and the ecological environment, the current system is still in a stage of low-level synergy, and the control system's parameter for the direction and path of evolution is urbanization. (2) From 2001 to 2020, the level of synergistic development between urbanization and the ecological environment was relatively low, mainly moving from low-level synergy to medium-low-level synergy to medium-level synergy. (3) There is a significant spatial disparity in the levels of synergistic development, for which the leading region centers on Chengdu and Chongqing in the northwest and southeast, respectively, and the lagging region comprises the eastern part of the urban agglomeration, mainly represented by Dazhou, Kaizhou, and Yunyang. (4) The future trend of synergistic development between urbanization and the ecological environment in the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration is promising but requires increased infrastructure construction in mountainous urban areas, enhanced cooperation and circulation in transportation, logistics, information and other aspects, and balanced improvements in the level of synergistic development between urbanization and the ecological environment. The study of the synergistic development effect of urbanization and the ecological environment in urban agglomerations is of great significance for reducing the negative impact of urbanization on the ecological environment, increasing the positive interaction between the two, and promoting sustainable development in urban agglomerations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weilong Wu
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Huang
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao W, Zhou A, Yin C. Unraveling the research trend of ecological civilization and sustainable development: A bibliometric analysis. AMBIO 2023; 52:1928-1938. [PMID: 37907802 PMCID: PMC10654311 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01947-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ecological civilization has emerged as an innovative form of civilization in China, and sustainable development has been widely recognized as a globally leading development model. These two concepts are closely related. The international English literature focuses on hot topics in the field of sustainable development such as climate change, urbanization, government management, and ecosystems, while the Chinese literature emphasizes ecological civilization concepts with Chinese characteristics, such as green development, beautiful China, and scientific development concepts. Ecological civilization and sustainable development are both responses to resource, environmental, and ecological crises and have emerged from the same historical background. The two concepts complement each other, with ecological civilization providing an ideological foundation for sustainable development, and sustainable development serving as the implementation path and concrete manifestation of ecological civilization. To deepen research on ecological civilization and sustainable development, it is necessary to build a global community with a shared future, address the major strategic needs of different countries or regions, innovate and develop interdisciplinary theories, methods, and technologies, strengthen international cooperation, provide disciplinary support for ecological civilization and sustainable development research, and provide country-specific research solutions for global and regional sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Ao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Caichun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- Institute of Land Surface System and Sustainable Development, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekou Wai Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu Q, Chen H, Peng C, Liu J, Piao S, He JS, Wang S, Zhao X, Zhang J, Fang X, Jin J, Yang QE, Ren L, Wang Y. An early warning signal for grassland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6406. [PMID: 37827999 PMCID: PMC10570289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intense grazing may lead to grassland degradation on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, but it is difficult to predict where this will occur and to quantify it. Based on a process-based ecosystem model, we define a productivity-based stocking rate threshold that induces extreme grassland degradation to assess whether and where the current grazing activity in the region is sustainable. We find that the current stocking rate is below the threshold in ~80% of grassland areas, but in 55% of these grasslands the stocking rate exceeds half the threshold. According to our model projections, positive effects of climate change including elevated CO2 can partly offset negative effects of grazing across nearly 70% of grasslands on the Plateau, but only in areas below the stocking rate threshold. Our analysis suggests that stocking rate that does not exceed 60% (within 50% to 70%) of the threshold may balance human demands with grassland protection in the face of climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuan Zhu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Huai Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Science, Institute of Environmrnt Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3P8, QC, Canada
- School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jinxun Liu
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Geographic Science Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA
| | - Shilong Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jin-Sheng He
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xinquan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiuqin Fang
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jiaxin Jin
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Qi-En Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, 810001, China
| | - Liliang Ren
- The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yanfen Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sarkar S. Managing ecological thresholds of a risky commons. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230969. [PMID: 37859831 PMCID: PMC10582602 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Common resources are often overexploited and appear subject to critical transitions from one stable state to another antagonistic state. Many times resulting in tragedy of the commons (TOC)-exploitation of shared resources for personal gain/payoffs, leading to worse outcomes or extinction. An adequate response would be strategic interaction, such as inspection and punishment by institutions to avoid TOC. This strategic interaction is often coupled with dynamically changing common resources. However, effect of strategic interaction in complex, coupled socio-ecological systems is less studied. Here, we develop replicator equations using evolving games in which strategy and common resources co-evolve. We consider the shared commons as fish dynamics governed by the intrinsic growth rate, predation and harvesting. The joint dynamics exhibit an oscillatory TOC, revealing that institutions need to pay special attention to intrinsic growth rate and nonlinear interaction. Our research shows that the co-evolving system exhibits a broader range of dynamics when predation is present compared to the disengaged fishery system. We conclude that the usefulness, chances and challenges of modelling co-evolutionary games to create sustainable systems merit further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta Sarkar
- Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Azam T, Alam I, Sarfraz M, Mohsin M. Energizing sustainable development: renewable energy's impact on South Asian environmental quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109331-109342. [PMID: 37924168 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the impact of CO2 emissions, globalization, economic growth, and renewable and non-renewable energies consumption in South Asian countries between 1985 and 2019. We employ a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) method to achieve the purpose of this study. The empirical results of this study indicate that globalization positively impacts CO2 emissions. Furthermore, the study indicates that the consumption of non-renewable energy contributes to environmental pollution. Moreover, the findings support the existence of the EKC hypothesis in these countries. As economic growth increases, environmental degradation will also increase, and vice versa. Environmental degradation, however, decreases as economic growth increases after a certain threshold. For countries to cope with the problem of environmental degradation, the pragmatic results recommend that they promote and subsidize all green energy sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamoor Azam
- School of Management Sciences and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Isbat Alam
- College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, Liaoning Province, Huludao, 125105, China
| | - Muddassar Sarfraz
- School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- School of Business, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vajas P, Von Essen E, Tickle L, Gamelon M. Meeting the challenges of wild boar hunting in a modern society: The case of France. AMBIO 2023; 52:1359-1372. [PMID: 36943619 PMCID: PMC10271942 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Modern hunting is an ambivalent practice, torn between leisure and labor. Nowhere are these conflicting dimensions better manifested than for wild boar-a simultaneous game and pest species in many countries. Here, we consider the sociological, political and cultural phenomenon of wild boar hunting from a change perspective, starting at its historical roots to future implications concerning the changing demographics, drivers, needs and practices of a modernizing hunting community. Using the case context of France, we present an approach to deconstructing each component of wild boar hunting firstly, and subsequently the external forces that change the nature of hunting. The objective of this manuscript is to discuss of the wild boar optimal harvesting to be applied in changing social and ecological environment. Findings show that the challenges facing wild boar management will likely intensify in the future, especially under the spotlight of a controversial public debate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vajas
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), IFREMER, INRAe, Institut-Agro-Agrocampus Ouest, rue de L’île d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Erica Von Essen
- Department of Social Anthropology, Stockholm University, Universitetsvägen 10 B, Socialantropologiska Institutionen, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Innlandet, Norway
| | - Lara Tickle
- Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Innlandet, Norway
| | - Marlène Gamelon
- Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, UMR 5558, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Campus de la Doua, Bâtiment Gregor Mendel, 43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biology, Centre for Biodiversity Dynamics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Debipersadh S, Ogola HJO, Mearns K, Selvarajan R. Bioaccumulation, Bioindication and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Cape Horse Mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and Slinger Seabream (Chrysoblephus puniceus) in the Durban Basin and Cape Vidal, South Africa. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2023; 85:165-180. [PMID: 37592142 PMCID: PMC10447271 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-023-01028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in marine fish is a growing global concern due to potential human health risks. The study analyzed HM in the muscle tissue, gills, and gut of adult male and female cape horse mackerel and slinger seabream caught in the polluted Durban Basin and pristine Cape Vidal from April 2018 to February 2019. Results revealed interspecific, spatial, and organ-specific variability in HM levels. In the Durban Basin, slinger seabream had bioaccumulation (in mg/kg) of As (2.3 ± 0.2), Cr (2.6 ± 0.2), Ni (2.0 ± 0.1), and Pb (4.1 ± 0.3) while cape horse mackerel had Ni (1.6 ± 0.2), Pb (4.7 ± 0.6), and Zn (52 ± 3.01) exceeding World Health Organization (WHO) regulatory limits. Metal pollution index (MPI) values were also higher in Durban Basin (> 5.13) than Cape Vidal (< 3.32) for both species' muscles. Liver and gills of slinger seabream and gut of cape horse mackerel exhibited higher HM accumulation patterns proportionate to the environmental concentrations, indicating the bioindicative potential of HM pollution by the two species. Risk assessment indicated that both fish species had target hazard quotient > 1 for Cr, and target cancer risk < 10-4 for Pb, implying significant potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks associated with fish consumption from the Durban Basin. The study recommends daily consumption limits of 16 g/day for slinger seabream and 14 g/day for cape horse mackerel to ensure health safety. The findings contribute to the understanding of HM pollution in the Durban Basin and provide important information for decision-makers and policymakers in developing effective strategies to mitigate and manage HM contamination in fish populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Debipersadh
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa- Florida Campus, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Henry Joseph Oduor Ogola
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa- Florida Campus, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa.
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology, Bondo, Kenya.
| | - Kevin Mearns
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa- Florida Campus, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
| | - Ramganesh Selvarajan
- Department of Environmental Science, University of South Africa- Florida Campus, Roodepoort, 1709, South Africa
- Laboratory of Extraterrestrial Ocean Systems (LEOS), Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Osborne P, Aquilué N, Mina M, Moe K, Jemtrud M, Messier C. A trait-based approach to both forestry and timber building can synchronize forest harvest and resilience. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad254. [PMID: 37649582 PMCID: PMC10465084 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Along with forest managers, builders are key change agents of forest ecosystems' structure and composition through the specification and use of wood products. New forest management approaches are being advocated to increase the resilience and adaptability of forests to climate change and other natural disturbances. Such approaches call for a diversification of our forests based on species' functional traits that will dramatically change the harvested species composition, volume, and output of our forested landscapes. This calls for the wood-building industry to adapt its ways of operating. Accordingly, we expand the evaluation of the ecological resilience of forest ecosystems based on functional diversification to include a trait-based approach to building with wood. This trait-based plant-building framework can illustrate how forecasted forest changes in the coming decades may impact and guide decisions about wood-building practices, policies, and specifications. We apply this approach using a fragmented rural landscape in temperate southeastern Canada. We link seven functional groups based on the ecological traits of tree species in the region to a similar functional grouping of building traits to characterize the push and pull of managing forests and wood buildings together. We relied on a process-based forest landscape model to simulate long-term forest dynamics and timber harvesting to evaluate how various novel management approaches will interact with the changing global environment to affect the forest-building relationships. Our results suggest that adopting a whole system, plant-building approach to forests and wood buildings, is key to enhancing forest ecological and timber construction industry resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Osborne
- Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H2Z 1H5
| | - Núria Aquilué
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2L 2C4
- Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC), Crta. de St. Llorenç de Morunys, km 2. 25280 Solsona, Spain
| | - Marco Mina
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2L 2C4
- Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Bozen/Bolzano 39100, Italy
| | - Kiel Moe
- College of Architecture, Design and Construction, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Michael Jemtrud
- Peter Guo-hua Fu School of Architecture, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H2Z 1H5
| | - Christian Messier
- Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H2L 2C4
- Institut des Sciences de la Forêt Tempérée, Université du Québec en Outaouais, Ripon, QC, Canada J0V 1V0
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ravaioli G, Domingos T, F M Teixeira R. Data-driven agent-based modelling of incentives for carbon sequestration: The case of sown biodiverse pastures in Portugal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117834. [PMID: 37011533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sown biodiverse permanent pastures rich in legumes (SBP) offset animal farming emissions due to their potential to sequester carbon. From 2009 to 2014 Portugal implemented a programme that provided payments to incentivize the adoption of SBP. However, no proper evaluation of its outcome was conducted. To address this gap, we develop an agent-based model (ABM) at the municipality level to study the adoption of SBP in Portugal and assess the outcome of the programme. We applied the first pure data-driven approach in agricultural land-use ABM, which relies on machine learning algorithms to define the agents' behavioural rules and capture their interaction with biophysical conditions. The ABM confirms that the program effectively expanded the adoption of SBP. However, our estimates indicate that the adoption rate in the absence of payments would have been higher than originally predicted. Furthermore, the existence of the program decreased the adoption rate after its conclusion. These findings underscore the importance of using reliable models and considering residual effects to properly design land use policies. The ABM developed in this study provides a basis for future research aimed at supporting the development of new policies to further promote the adoption of SBP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Ravaioli
- MARETEC - Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tiago Domingos
- MARETEC - Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo F M Teixeira
- MARETEC - Marine, Environment and Technology Centre, LARSyS, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu J. Leveraging the metacoupling framework for sustainability science and global sustainable development. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad090. [PMID: 37305165 PMCID: PMC10255777 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainability science seeks to understand human-nature interactions behind sustainability challenges, but has largely been place-based. Traditional sustainability efforts often solved problems in one place at the cost of other places, compromising global sustainability. The metacoupling framework offers a conceptual foundation and a holistic approach to integrating human-nature interactions within a place, as well as between adjacent places and between distant places worldwide. Its applications show broad utilities for advancing sustainability science with profound implications for global sustainable development. They have revealed effects of metacoupling on the performance, synergies, and trade-offs of United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across borders and across local to global scales; untangled complex interactions; identified new network attributes; unveiled spatio-temporal dynamics and effects of metacoupling; uncovered invisible feedbacks across metacoupled systems; expanded the nexus approach; detected and integrated hidden phenomena and overlooked issues; re-examined theories such as Tobler's First Law of Geography; and unfolded transformations among noncoupling, coupling, decoupling, and recoupling. Results from the applications are also helpful to achieve SDGs across space, amplify benefits of ecosystem restoration across boundaries and across scales, augment transboundary management, broaden spatial planning, boost supply chains, empower small agents in the large world, and shift from place-based to flow-based governance. Key topics for future research include cascading effects of an event in one place on other places both nearby and far away. Operationalizing the framework can benefit from further tracing flows across scales and space, uplifting the rigor of causal attribution, enlarging toolboxes, and elevating financial and human resources. Unleashing the full potential of the framework will generate more important scientific discoveries and more effective solutions for global justice and sustainable development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Qin H, Vickery J, Brenkert-Smith H, Bekee B, Prasetyo Y. Do actions reduce perceived risk? A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between risk perception and actions in response to forest disturbance in Colorado. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1387-1399. [PMID: 36156806 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As residents living in hazard-prone areas face on-going environmental threats, the actions they take to mitigate such risks are likely motivated by various factors. Whereas risk perception has been considered a key determinant of related behavioral responses, little is known about how risk mitigation actions influence subsequent perceived risk. In other words, do actions to prevent or mitigate risk reduce risk perception? This longitudinal study considers the dynamic relationships between risk perception and risk-mitigating behavior in the context of forest disturbance in north-central Colorado. Based on panel survey data collected in 2007 and 2018, the results provide a first look at changes in perceived forest risks as they relate to individual and community actions in response to an extensive mountain pine beetle outbreak. Analysis revealed that the perception of direct forest risks (forest fire and falling trees) increased, whereas indirect forest risk perception (concern on broader threats to local community) decreased across the two study phases. Higher individual or community activeness (level of actions) was associated with subsequent reductions in perceived forest fire risk, smaller increases in direct risk perception, and larger decreases in indirect risk perception. These findings contribute insights into the complex risk reappraisal process in forest hazard contexts, with direct implications for risk communication and management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qin
- Division of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jamie Vickery
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Barituka Bekee
- Division of Applied Social Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Yanu Prasetyo
- Research Center for Population, The National Research and Innovation Agency, Central Jakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Riva F, Graco-Roza C, Daskalova GN, Hudgins EJ, Lewthwaite JM, Newman EA, Ryo M, Mammola S. Toward a cohesive understanding of ecological complexity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eabq4207. [PMID: 37343095 PMCID: PMC10284553 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Ecological systems are quintessentially complex systems. Understanding and being able to predict phenomena typical of complex systems is, therefore, critical to progress in ecology and conservation amidst escalating global environmental change. However, myriad definitions of complexity and excessive reliance on conventional scientific approaches hamper conceptual advances and synthesis. Ecological complexity may be better understood by following the solid theoretical basis of complex system science (CSS). We review features of ecological systems described within CSS and conduct bibliometric and text mining analyses to characterize articles that refer to ecological complexity. Our analyses demonstrate that the study of complexity in ecology is a highly heterogeneous, global endeavor that is only weakly related to CSS. Current research trends are typically organized around basic theory, scaling, and macroecology. We leverage our review and the generalities identified in our analyses to suggest a more coherent and cohesive way forward in the study of complexity in ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riva
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Insectarium, Montreal Space for Life, 4581 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, Quebec H1X 2B2, Canada
- Spatial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caio Graco-Roza
- Aquatic Community Ecology Group, Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Ecology and Physiology of Phytoplankton, Department of Plant Biology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier 524, PHLC, Sala 511a, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gergana N. Daskalova
- Biodiversity and Ecology Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Emma J. Hudgins
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jayme M. M. Lewthwaite
- Marine and Environmental Biology, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Pkwy, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA
| | - Erica A. Newman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Masahiro Ryo
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Muencheberg, Germany
- Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Stefano Mammola
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research (LIBRe), Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Pohjoinen Rautatiekatu 13, Helsinki 00100, Finland
- Molecular Ecology Group (MEG), Water Research Institute (IRSA), National Research Council (CNR), Corso Tonolli, 50, Pallanza 28922, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Orozco-Meléndez JF, Paneque-Gálvez J. Co-producing uncomfortable, transdisciplinary, actionable knowledges against the corporate food regime through critical science approaches. ENVIRONMENT, DEVELOPMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37363027 PMCID: PMC10203682 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03377-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current corporate food regime generates some of the most challenging ecological, social, and ethical problems for humanity in its quest for sustainability and ecological justice. Different scientific disciplines have analyzed these problems in-depth, but usually from their comfort zone, i.e., without engagement with other disciplines and epistemologies. The predominance of disciplinary visions seriously limits, however, understanding the complexities of the corporate food regime, including the impacts it generates. Further, most research concerned with this food regime confronts epistemological, methodological, and political limitations to engage with the type of solutions that could lead to transitions to just sustainabilities. Here we review and integrate the findings from scientific literature focused on the ecological, social, or ethical impacts of the corporate food regime, with an emphasis on impacts that operate on a global scale. In addition, we analyze the need for critical science approaches to trigger generative processes for the co-production of uncomfortable, transdisciplinary, actionable knowledges that are fit for designing just and sustainable food regimes. Much of the evidence presented in our analysis is in tension with the interests of the corporate food regime, which fosters decision-making processes based on selective ignorance of the impacts caused by this regime. Our work provides arguments that justify the need to promote transitions to just sustainabilities in agricultural systems from multiple domains (e.g., research and development, public policies, grassroots innovations). We posit that strategies to co-design and build such transitions can emerge from the co-production of uncomfortable, transdisciplinary, actionable knowledges through critical science approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Francisco Orozco-Meléndez
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán Mexico
- Posgrado en Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán Mexico
| | - Jaime Paneque-Gálvez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental (CIGA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro 8701, Col. Ex-Hacienda de San José de La Huerta, 58190 Morelia, Michoacán Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hoffmann EM, Schareika N, Dittrich C, Schlecht E, Sauer D, Buerkert A. Rurbanity: a concept for the interdisciplinary study of rural-urban transformation. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2023; 18:1-15. [PMID: 37363312 PMCID: PMC10199291 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-023-01331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Along with climate change, population growth, and overexploitation of natural resources, urbanisation is among the major global challenges of our time. It is a nexus where many of the world's grand challenges intersect, and thus key to sustainable development. The widespread understanding of urbanisation as a successive and unidirectional transformation of landscapes and societies from a rural to an urban state is increasingly questioned. Examples from around the globe show that 'the rural' and 'the urban' are not only highly interdependent, but actually coexist and often merge in the same space or livelihood strategy. Our concept of rurbanity provides an integrated theoretical framework which overcomes the rural-urban divide and can be operationalised for empirical research. Rurbanity is the next stringent step following the gradual widening of previous concepts from urban-centred approaches through the emphasis on urban peripheries to attempts of abolishing any distinction of a rural environment and acknowledging the highly dynamic nature of globalising urbanisation. Building on complex systems theory and assemblage thinking, our concept explores complementary aspects of the distinct epistemic worldviews dominating the natural and social sciences. Within this theoretical frame, we derive four analytical dimensions as entry points for empirical research: Endowments and Place, Flows and Connectivity, Institutions and Behaviour, and Lifestyles and Livelihoods. Two examples illustrate how these dimensions apply, interact, and together lead to a comprehensive, insightful understanding of rurban phenomena. Such understanding can be an effective starting point for assessing potential contributions of rurbanity to long-term global sustainability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Hoffmann
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Schareika
- Social and Cultural Anthropology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Theaterstrasse 14, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Dittrich
- Human Geography, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Schlecht
- Animal Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel and Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Daniela Sauer
- Physical Geography, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Goldschmidtstrasse 5, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Buerkert
- Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics, Universität Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu L, Chen X, Szolnoki A. Coevolutionary dynamics via adaptive feedback in collective-risk social dilemma game. eLife 2023; 12:82954. [PMID: 37204305 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Human society and natural environment form a complex giant ecosystem, where human activities not only lead to the change in environmental states, but also react to them. By using collective-risk social dilemma game, some studies have already revealed that individual contributions and the risk of future losses are inextricably linked. These works, however, often use an idealistic assumption that the risk is constant and not affected by individual behaviors. Here, we develop a coevolutionary game approach that captures the coupled dynamics of cooperation and risk. In particular, the level of contributions in a population affects the state of risk, while the risk in turn influences individuals' behavioral decision-making. Importantly, we explore two representative feedback forms describing the possible effect of strategy on risk, namely, linear and exponential feedbacks. We find that cooperation can be maintained in the population by keeping at a certain fraction or forming an evolutionary oscillation with risk, independently of the feedback type. However, such evolutionary outcome depends on the initial state. Taken together, a two-way coupling between collective actions and risk is essential to avoid the tragedy of the commons. More importantly, a critical starting portion of cooperators and risk level is what we really need for guiding the evolution toward a desired direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Liu
- College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Attila Szolnoki
- Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sargsyan A, Beebe LH. Animal-Assisted Green Care Farming for Patients With Mental and Physical Disorders: A Narrative Review. Creat Nurs 2023; 29:192-196. [PMID: 37800738 DOI: 10.1177/10784535231195433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Green care is an umbrella term that includes numerous therapeutic interventions that immerse the patient into nature and natural environments. Animal-assisted therapy (AAT) with farm animals is a component of green care that may benefit patients with mental health disorders. While the majority of research exploring farm AATs originated in Europe, interest in this therapeutic intervention is emerging in the United States. While there are green care farms utilizing animal therapies in the United States, these therapeutic interventions have not been reported in the scientific literature. Further exploration of this topic in the United States may benefit various patient populations and contribute to overall better health care. A literature review found that farm AATs may be beneficial for patients with mental health disorders, but did not identify any studies addressing AAT with farm animals in the context of physical health disorders. This may be a desirable direction for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Sargsyan
- College of Nursing, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Lora H Beebe
- College of Nursing, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Manes C, Carthy RR, Hull V. A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases-The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091441. [PMID: 37174478 PMCID: PMC10177368 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have markedly increased in the last few decades. Unsustainable, continuous, and rapid alterations within and between coupled human and natural systems have significantly disrupted wildlife disease dynamics. Direct and indirect anthropogenic effects, such as climate change, pollution, encroachment, urbanization, travel, and trade, can promote outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife. We constructed a coupled human and natural systems framework identifying three main wildlife disease risk factors behind these anthropogenic effects: (i) immune suppression, (ii) viral spillover, and (iii) disease propagation. Through complex and convoluted dynamics, each of the anthropogenic effects and activities listed in our framework can lead, to some extent, to one or more of the identified risk factors accelerating disease outbreaks in wildlife. In this review, we present a novel framework to study anthropogenic effects within coupled human and natural systems that facilitate the emergence of infectious disease involving wildlife. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by applying it to Fibropapillomatosis disease of marine turtles. We aim to articulate the intricate and complex nature of anthropogenically exacerbated wildlife infectious diseases as multifactorial. This paper supports the adoption of a One Health approach and invites the integration of multiple disciplines for the achievement of effective and long-lasting conservation and the mitigation of wildlife emerging diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Manes
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Raymond R Carthy
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen Y, Wang X, Xie Z. Land cover diversity: Reshaping the socioeconomic value of land. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 332:117404. [PMID: 36731417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The land is a vital resource to support economic growth. Previous studies have mainly taken urban and agricultural areas as the major factors of economic boost. However, the supporting role of diversified land in sustainable economy has not been fully valued. This study analyzed the relationship between land cover diversity and socioeconomic outputs from 1992 to 2019 on up to 2086 counties in China. The results showed the regional disparity in the eastern and western counties. In the western counties, land cover diversity was positively correlated with per area socioeconomic indicators throughout the period. In the eastern counties, the correlation with per area indicators has gradually changed from negative to positive. The correlation with per capita indicators was more significant in the east than west. The regional disparity and temporal trends may come from the influence of water resources, demographic pressure and other constraints in different regions. The refreshed land value can help to achieve sustainable development and improve human well-being in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Peking University Planning and Design Institute (Beijing) Co.Ltd, China.
| | - Zongqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dynamics of a coupled socio-environmental model: An application to global CO2 emissions. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
35
|
Rogers LA, Moore Z, Daigle A, Luijckx P, Krkošek M. Experimental evidence of size-selective harvest and environmental stochasticity effects on population demography, fluctuations and non-linearity. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:586-596. [PMID: 36802095 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Theory and analyses of fisheries data sets indicate that harvesting can alter population structure and destabilise non-linear processes, which increases population fluctuations. We conducted a factorial experiment on the population dynamics of Daphnia magna in relation to size-selective harvesting and stochasticity of food supply. Harvesting and stochasticity treatments both increased population fluctuations. Timeseries analysis indicated that fluctuations in control populations were non-linear, and non-linearity increased substantially in response to harvesting. Both harvesting and stochasticity induced population juvenescence, but harvesting did so via the depletion of adults, whereas stochasticity increased the abundance of juveniles. A fitted fisheries model indicated that harvesting shifted populations towards higher reproductive rates and larger-magnitude damped oscillations that amplify demographic noise. These findings provide experimental evidence that harvesting increases the non-linearity of population fluctuations and that both harvesting and stochasticity increase population variability and juvenescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A Rogers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zachary Moore
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abby Daigle
- Gulf Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Pepijn Luijckx
- Department of Zoology, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Martin Krkošek
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Assessing coupling interactions in a safe and just operating space for regional sustainability. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1369. [PMID: 36914668 PMCID: PMC10011604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities affect the Earth System with an unprecedented magnitude, causing undesirable irreversible degradation. The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide an integrated global action plan for sustainable development. However, it remains a great challenge to develop actionable strategies to achieve regional sustainability within social-environmental constraints. Here we proposed a framework, integrating safe and just operating space (SJOS) with SDGs, to assess regional sustainability and interactions between environmental performance and human well-being across scales. Despite China has not fully achieved sustainable development from 2000 to 2018, most provinces have shown significant improvements. Our analyses further delineated four development patterns (i.e., coupled and developed, coupled and underdeveloped, uncoupled and underdeveloped, and coupled and underdeveloped), and developed targeted strategies and pathways for each pattern to transition towards sustainability. Our operationalizable framework is broadly applicable to other regions or nations to actualize sustainable development.
Collapse
|
37
|
Souther S, Colombo S, Lyndon NN. Integrating traditional ecological knowledge into US public land management: Knowledge gaps and research priorities. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.988126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) is an understanding of natural systems acquired through long-term human interactions with particular landscapes. Traditional knowledge systems complement western scientific disciplines by providing a holistic assessment of ecosystem dynamics and extending the time horizon of ecological observations. Integration of TEK into land management is a key priority of numerous groups, including the United Nations and US public land management agencies; however, TEK principles have rarely been enshrined in national-level US policy or planning. We review over 20 years of TEK literature to describe key applications of TEK to ecological understanding, conservation, restoration and land management generally. By identifying knowledge gaps, we highlight research avenues to support the integration of TEK into US public land management, in order to enhance conservation approaches and participation of historically underrepresented groups, particularly American Indian Tribes, in the stewardship of ancestral lands critical to the practice of living cultural traditions.
Collapse
|
38
|
Li F, Liu H, Wu S, Wang Y, Xu Z, Yu P, Yan D. A PES framework coupling socioeconomic and ecosystem dynamics from a sustainable development perspective. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 329:117043. [PMID: 36563446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are becoming a global ecological protection strategy used to promote sustainable social and economic development. However, the current PES research and applications are often local and one-sided. The lack of a unified framework for PES results in a high policy cost and low ecological and social benefits. A large number of local PES experiences need to be comprehensively analyzed to construct a unified PES framework, which can provide support for the implementation and optimization of nature conservation policy in different regions of the world. Here, we combined natural language processing methods to analyze 1919 global studies on PES. We obtained the topics and spatiotemporal distributions of PES, as well as the compensation modes of hotspot ecosystem services in 114 countries worldwide. PES have been studied in 80% of the world (excluding Antarctica), but the research topics and distributions are very uneven. We found a disconnection between PES socioeconomic strategies and knowledge of natural ecosystem dynamics. Therefore, the knowledge and experience of PES must be exchanged globally, and PES need to be further integrated with the sustainable development goal (SDG) framework. We propose a PES framework that couples socioeconomic and ecosystem dynamics and be oriented toward sustainable development to make comprehensive management decisions. On this basis, a consistent PES solution may be provided for future theoretical research and implementation strategies of conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fufu Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Shaohua Wu
- Institute of Land and Urban-Rural Development, Zhejiang University of Finance & Economics, 18 Xueyuan Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Zhenci Xu
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Pengtao Yu
- Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Haidian District, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Daohao Yan
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carral L, Tarrío-Saavedra J, Cartelle Barros JJ, Fabal CC, Ramil A, Álvarez-Feal C. Considerations on the programmed functional life (one generation) of a green artificial reef in terms of the sustainability of the modified ecosystem. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14978. [PMID: 37095963 PMCID: PMC10121649 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The installation of artificial reefs serves to enhance marine ecosystems, although it also modifies them. These changes do not have to be irreversible, since it is possible to treat the functional life of an artificial reef (AR) as a variable factor to be determined, with the objective of contributing to the sustainability of the ecosystem. The quest for sustainability does not end with the manufacture and installation of the AR units. It is also necessary to analyse the sustainability of the modified ecosystem, through the production of services. This leads to consider the medium-term return of the ecosystem to its initial state, once the functional life of the ARs expires. This paper presents and justifies an AR design/composition for limited functional life. It is the result of acting on the base material, the concrete, with the objective of limiting the useful life to one social generation. Four different dosages were proposed for such a purpose. They were subjected to mechanical tests (compressive strength and absorption after immersion), including an innovative abrasion-resistant one. The results allow estimating the functional life of the four types of concrete from the design variables (density, compactness, and quantity of water and cement as well as its relation). To this end linear regression models and clustering techniques were applied. The described procedure leads to an AR design for limited functional life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carral
- Universidade da Coruña, CITENI, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Departamento de Enxeñaría Naval e Industrial, Escola Politécnica de Enxeñaría de Ferrol, Esteiro, 15471, Ferrol, Spain
- Corresponding author.
| | - Javier Tarrío-Saavedra
- Universidade da Coruña, CITIC, Grupo MODES, Departamento de Matemáticas, Escola Politécnica de Enxeñaría de Ferrol, Esteiro, 15471 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan José Cartelle Barros
- Universidade da Coruña, CITENI, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Departamento de Ciencias da Navegación e Enxeñaría Mariña, Escola Politécnica de Enxeñaría de Ferrol, Esteiro, 15471, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carolina Camba Fabal
- Universidade da Coruña, CITENI, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Departamento de Enxeñaría Naval e Industrial, Escola Politécnica de Enxeñaría de Ferrol, Esteiro, 15471, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Alberto Ramil
- Universidade da Coruña, CITENI, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, Departamento de Enxeñaría Naval e Industrial, Escola Politécnica de Enxeñaría de Ferrol, Esteiro, 15471, Ferrol, Spain
| | - Carlos Álvarez-Feal
- Universidade da Coruña, Departamento de Enxeñaría Naval e Industrial, Escola Politécnica de Enxeñaría de Ferrol, Esteiro, 15471, A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liang Z, Ba Z, Mao J, Li G. Research complexity increases with scientists’ academic age: Evidence from library and information science. J Informetr 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joi.2022.101375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
41
|
Liu Y, Liu X, Zhao C, Wang H, Zang F. The trade-offs and synergies of the ecological-production-living functions of grassland in the Qilian mountains by ecological priority. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116883. [PMID: 36455444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Grassland degradation has caused increasingly prominent conflict between ecological environment conservation and socioeconomic development in the Qilian Mountains, China. How to effectively trade-offs and synergies to ecological and socioeconomic is essential to achieving the sustainable development of the grassland ecosystem. However, few studies have addressed the trade-offs and synergies of grassland ecosystem services in terms of coupling the natural ecosystem and the socioeconomic system. Therefore, we constructed an index of the analyzed trade-offs and synergies of grassland ecosystem services from the perspective of "ecological-production-living" functions (EPLFs) and analyzed the spatial-temporal characteristics of grassland EPLF trade-off and synergy relationships based on the data from the implementation of three conservation policies in the Qilian Mountains from 2003 to 2020. The results showed evident spatial and temporal differentiation of the grassland EPLFs. The ecological function was consistent with the production function, trending upward initially and then decreasing. The living function showed a trend of continuous increase. The spatial pattern of grassland EPLFs showed that the northwest and southeast were more active than the middle of the Qilian Mountains, and the regional gradient difference was apparent. The trade-off and synergy relationships of grassland EPLFs have obvious spatial correlations as well; spatial differences were evident under different conservation policies. With national park construction, the synergistic relationship gradually weakened and the trade-off relationship gradually strengthened. These results suggest that the policy of ecological priority increased trade-offs and reduced synergies among EPLFs was not conducive to coupling and coordinating grassland EPLFs for development in the Qilian Mountains. Our study also demonstrates that maintaining moderate grassland grazing pressure and the appropriate number of herdsmen is crucial to sustainably develop the grassland ecosystem in the Qilian Mountains, and further research into coupling mechanisms for grassland EPLFs is needed to reduce trade-offs and increase synergies with grassland ecosystem services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China.
| | - Chuanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Fei Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Socio-econ-ecosystem multipurpose simulator (SEEMS): An easy-to-apply agent-based model for simulating small-scale coupled human and nature systems in biological conservation hotspots. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
43
|
Pfeifer M, Sallu SM, Marshall AR, Rushton S, Moore E, Shirima DD, Smit J, Kioko E, Barnes L, Waite C, Raes L, Braunholtz L, Olivier PI, Ishengoma E, Bowers S, Guerreiro-Milheiras S. A systems approach framework for evaluating tree restoration interventions for social and ecological outcomes in rural tropical landscapes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20210111. [PMID: 36373913 PMCID: PMC9661959 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The science guiding design and evaluation of restoration interventions in tropical landscapes is dominated by ecological processes and outcomes and lacks indicators and methods that integrate human wellbeing into the restoration process. We apply a new systems approach framework for tree restoration in forest-agricultural landscapes to show how this shortcoming can be addressed. Demonstrating 'proof of concept', we tested statistical models underlying the framework pathways with data collected from a case study in Tanzania. Local community perceptions of nature's values were not affected by levels of self-reported wildlife-induced crop damage. But mapped predictions from the systems approach under a tree restoration scenario suggested differential outcomes for biodiversity indicators and altered spatial patterns of crop damage risk, expected to jeopardize human wellbeing. The predictions map anticipated trade-offs in costs and benefits of restoration scenarios, which we have started to explore with stakeholders to identify restoration opportunities that consider local knowledge, value systems and human wellbeing. We suggest that the framework be applied to other landscapes to identify commonalities and differences in forest landscape restoration outcomes under varying governance and land use systems. This should form a foundation for evidence-based implementation of the global drive for forest landscape restoration, at local scales. This article is part of the theme issue 'Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marion Pfeifer
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy RG, SNES, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Susannah M. Sallu
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew R. Marshall
- Department of Environment and Geography, University of York, York YO10 5NG, UK
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Stephen Rushton
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy RG, SNES, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Eleanor Moore
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy RG, SNES, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Deo D. Shirima
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Josephine Smit
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LA, UK
- Southern Tanzania Elephant Program, PO Box 2494, Iringa, Tanzania
| | - Esther Kioko
- Entomology, National Museums Kenya, PO Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lauren Barnes
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy RG, SNES, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Catherine Waite
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Leander Raes
- IUCN Centre for Economy and Finance, Washington DC, USA
| | - Laura Braunholtz
- Modelling, Evidence and Policy RG, SNES, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Pieter I. Olivier
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- M.A.P Scientific Services, Pretoria 0145, South Africa
| | - Evodius Ishengoma
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, PO Box 3010, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Sam Bowers
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guo K, Liu Y, Lan Z, Qin L, Lin T, Gan Q, Jin B, Chen M. A PETAR method for risk assessment of human health and environment on the regional scale. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:239-253. [PMID: 35445528 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessments are necessary to effectively reveal the state of the degradation of living environments on a regional scale. However, risk assessments are often limited by time, cost, and technology, which make conducting effective evaluations difficult. Thus, in this study, the procedure for ecological tiered assessment of risk (PETAR) method was used to analyze the human health and environmental risks in Daye, China. This method first used the United States Environmental Protection Agency's risk assessment approach to qualitatively determine the risk sources, pressures, receptors, and effect endpoints and constructed a conceptual model of threats to the human living environment. Each risk-prone subregion was then evaluated using the fuzzy logic method. Next, a quantitative assessment was conducted for the subregions with the most serious environmental degradation. Finally, quantitative analyses were performed to verify the original hypotheses. The results showed that the high-risk areas were distributed in the industrial regions of Daye, wherein mining and processing clusters and mining settlements are widespread and confirmed the locations of the particular subregions with the most serious human health and environmental risks. This study also validated the practicality of the PETAR method for human health risk assessments in mining areas with large-scale, multifactor, and multihazard paths. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:239-253. © 2022 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeying Lan
- School of Management, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangjun Qin
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong Lin
- Guangdong Zhuo Chuang Township Construction Tourism Development Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiao Gan
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bingbing Jin
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Chen
- Guangzhou Urban Planning & Design Survey Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mysterud A, Langvatn R, Meisingset EL, Rivrud IM. Agricultural grasslands buffer density effects in red deer populations. J Wildl Manage 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences University of Oslo P.O. Box 1066 Blindern NO‐0316 Oslo Norway
| | | | - Erling L. Meisingset
- Department of Forestry and Forestry Resources Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Tingvoll gard NO‐6630 Tingvoll Norway
| | - Inger Maren Rivrud
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA) Sognsveien 68 NO‐0855 Oslo Norway
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Alsherif EA, Almaghrabi O, Elazzazy AM, Abdel-Mawgoud M, Beemster GTS, Sobrinho RL, AbdElgawad H. How Carbon Nanoparticles, Arbuscular Mycorrhiza, and Compost Mitigate Drought Stress in Maize Plant: A Growth and Biochemical Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3324. [PMID: 36501367 PMCID: PMC9739014 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Drought negatively affects crop growth and development, so it is crucial to develop practical ways to reduce these consequences of water scarcity. The effect of the interactive potential of compost (Comp), mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and carbon nanoparticles (CNPS) on plant growth, photosynthesis rate, primary metabolism, and secondary metabolism was studied as a novel approach to mitigating drought stress in maize plants. Drought stress significantly reduced maize growth and photosynthesis and altered metabolism. Here, the combined treatments Com-AMF or Com-AMF-CNPs mitigated drought-induced reductions in fresh and dry weights. The treatments with AMF or CNPS significantly increased photosynthesis (by 10%) in comparison to the control plants. Results show that soluble sugars were accumulated to maintain the osmotic status of the maize plant under drought stress. The level and metabolism of sucrose, an osmo-protectant, were increased in plants treated with Com (by 30%), which was further increased under the triple effect of Com-AMF-CNPs (40%), compared to untreated plants. This was inconsistent with increased sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose-P-synthase activity. The combined treatment Com-AMF-CNPs increased the levels of oxalic and succinic acids (by 100%) and has been reflected in the enhanced levels of amino acids such as the antioxidant and omso-protectant proline. Higher increases in fatty acids by treatment with CNPS were also recorded. Com-AMF-CNPs enhanced many of the detected fatty acids such as myristic, palmitic, arachidic, docosanoic, and pentacosanoic (110%, 30%, 100%, and 130%, respectively), compared to untreated plants. At the secondary metabolism level, sugar and amino acids provide a route for polyamine biosynthesis, where Com-AMF-CNPs increased spermine and spermidine synthases, ornithine decarboxylase, and adenosyl methionine decarboxylase in treated maize. Overall, our research revealed for the first time how Cmo, AMF, and/or CNPS alleviated drought stress in maize plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad A. Alsherif
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Arts at Khulis, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 2722165, Egypt
| | - Omar Almaghrabi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Elazzazy
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mawgoud
- National Natural Products Research Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38655, USA
- Department of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products, Desert Research Center, Cairo 11753, Egypt
| | - Gerrit T. S. Beemster
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Renato Lustosa Sobrinho
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR), Pato Branco 85503-390, PR, Brazil
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef 2722165, Egypt
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cheablam O, Dachyosdee U. Landscape change trends and their impacts on coastal tourism resources in the future: a case study from pak Phanang, Thailand. JOURNAL OF COASTAL CONSERVATION 2022; 26:67. [PMID: 36466777 PMCID: PMC9702897 DOI: 10.1007/s11852-022-00917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impacts of landscape change on natural tourism resources in coastal areas of Pak Phanang and to estimate future landscape changes. Data on tourism resources, land covers and coastline modification were collected on a random basis and combined with in-depth interviews of key informants. Data analysis seeking to demonstrate future coastline modification and projections interpreted satellite imagery using the hybrid approach to generate periodic coastal maps and the Dinamica EGO program to analyze future change rates of the coastline and landscape change. The results found that during 2021-2036, the areas of rice/vegetable farms, mudflats, beaches,and beach forests are likely to increase. The impacts on tourism resources can be negative or positive. The negative impacts arising from such changes include the decrease in the number of beaches in the southeast area and the increase in mudflats in Pak Phanang. The positive impacts include the beaches and beach forests in the northeast area increasing. These results can equip governments, communities and tourists with knowledge on the changes in landscape and tourism areas to prepare and adjust for such changes in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onanong Cheablam
- Tourism and Hospitality Industry in Digital Era Program, School of Management, Walailak University, 80160 Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand
| | - Utai Dachyosdee
- Marine and Coastal Resources Office 4, Department of Marine and Coastal Resources, 84160 Surat Thani Province, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Vilá B, Arzamendia Y. Weaving a vicuña shawl. PASTORALISM : RESEARCH, POLICY AND PRACTICE 2022; 12:46. [PMID: 36467430 PMCID: PMC9702962 DOI: 10.1186/s13570-022-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) were at risk of extinction due to indiscriminate hunting for their fibre in the mid-twentieth century. The conservation of the species included numerous international and regional legal mechanisms, as well as the will and care of local communities. The vicuña was saved, and now it is classified as "Least concern" by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Sustainable harvest of vicuña fibre is achieved by way of the chaku, capture and live-shearing (an ancient practice, now informed by modern knowledge of biology). Although most communities and cooperatives sell raw fibre, prices are falling. The making of artisanal vicuña garments has been identified as an activity that potentially leads to sustainable development in the Andean Altiplano. This paper analyses a key aspect to achieve this goal, a detailed description of the production (including economic and time costs) involved in weaving a shawl. The manual work has been recognized, with an hourly rate and costs calculated. The first action before starting any intervention was a ceremony, in which the family women infused the fibre with the smoke of a local plant, k'oa (Parastrephia spp.). The rituals and traditions are an important part of livelihoods in the Andes. The steps to creating the finished garment were fibre acquisition, dehairing and cleaning the fibre, spinning, twisting, loom weaving, finishing and fringing. The techniques for spinning and weaving are an essential part of the indigenous cultural heritage; no intervention or suggestion was made in that regard. The final cost of the garment was approximately 3,300 US dollars and half of this cost was the dehairing and cleaning of the fibre.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Vilá
- VICAM: Vicuñas, Camélidos y Ambiente, Luján, Argentina
- CONICET: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Luján, Departamento Ciencias Sociales, Luján, Argentina
| | - Yanina Arzamendia
- VICAM: Vicuñas, Camélidos y Ambiente, Luján, Argentina
- INECOA: Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas, CONICET- UNJu: Universidad Nacional de Jujuy, San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJu), San Salvador de Jujuy, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhang H, Liu F, Zhang J. Using composite system index to identify China's ecological and socio-economic transition zone. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1057271. [PMID: 36483960 PMCID: PMC9723357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1057271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Regions with synthetic geographical gradients tend to exhibit distinct ecological transitions. As a compound ecosystem, transition zone can provide a basis for decision-making in the sustainable ecological management by investigating its boundary and complexity. To determine the characteristics of the transition zone where natural ecological and socio-economic factors interact, a conceptual framework and a quantitative identification method for the ecotone of coupled human and natural systems have been proposed. The composite system index can be used to ascertain the coupling intensity, coupling direction, and ecological transition of the system. Taking China as an example, this study showed evidence of the existence of a tremendous amount of ecological and socio-economic transition zone (complex coupled areas) between the east and west of China, and sporadic ecotone in other regions of the country. This transition zone accounted for about 1/4 of China's land surface area, and had a fragile environment that faced challenges of environmental protection and economic development. In the area across the Hu Line, human and natural factors jointly explain a low proportion of the variance in ecological and socio-economic transition zone (the complexity of coupled systems, with 62.01% of unexplained proportion higher than that in other regions). In this region, the topographic position index was the critical element associated with the transition zone, and accounted for nearly 20% of the variation of composite system index. The discovery and characterization of the ecological and socio-economic transition zone is crucial for understanding its uncertainty and diversity and the complex of coupled ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Institute of Land Surveying and Mapping, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Tian Y, Wen Z, Zhang X, Cheng M, Xu M. Exploring a multisource-data framework for assessing ecological environment conditions in the Yellow River Basin, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157730. [PMID: 35917964 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ecological environment conditions (EEC) assessment plays an important role in watershed management. However, due to insufficient field data, EEC assessment in large-scale watersheds faces challenges. Our study was conducted to develop an effective EEC assessment method framework that was capable of reducing the use of field data. Three indicators were developed from multisource data, including landscape ecological risk index (LERI), road network density (RND), and industry density (ID). The knowledge-based raster mapping approach integrated the three indicators into an overall score of the EEC. Then model validation was conducted with principal components of water quality from field sampling data by Pearson correlation analysis methods. Finally, we applied and demonstrated the constructed method framework in the EEC assessment of the YRB.The results showed that bad EEC (0.5326 < Overall score ≤ 0.7679) areas were mainly distributed in the northern part of the YRB, showing a circular distribution pattern. The areas with bad EEC were 15.84 million km2, accounting for 19.87 % of the YRB. The area of the highest LERI (0.157 < LERI≤0.246), the highest RND (4.4435 < RND ≤ 8.5574), and the highest ID (0.1403 < ID≤0.2597) finally converted to bad EEC was 7.22 million km2, 0.78 million km2, and 0.91 million km2, respectively. The results indicated that the ecological risk factors were the primary challenges for improving EEC, followed by industrial agglomeration and road network factors. The primary factors affecting EEC varied between the provinces in the YRB, suggesting that provinces take the management strategies and measures should be adaptive. The correlation coefficients between EEC and the principal components of water quality characteristics were between 0.022 and 0.241, P < 0.05. These findings validated that our method framework could distinguish the spatial variation of EEC in detail and further provide effective support for watershed management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Tian
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Zongguo Wen
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Xiu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
| | - Manli Cheng
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| | - Mao Xu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|