1
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Li Y, Che X, Chen H, Meng Z, Li X, Wang X, Zhu L, Zhao Y. Effects of filter-feeding fish faeces on microbial driving mechanism of lake sediment carbon transformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175594. [PMID: 39154991 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) can filter the carbon in the food taken up by phytoplankton and plays an important role in carbon fixation. In this study, the faeces of silver carp, the dominant fish species in Qiandao Lake, China, were collected and subjected to a closed incubation and transformation experiment for three months. The physical and chemical indices of water and sediment mixture, carbon metabolic enzyme activity, and microbial sequences were analyzed to identify the key microbial strains that affect carbon transformation as well as the main factors influencing carbon transformation. The results showed maximum CO2 and CH4 emission fluxes on day 15 of fish faeces and sediment interaction. In the faeces addition group, the contents of soluble organic carbon, soluble inorganic carbon, SO42-, and PO43- were significantly increased, while the dissolved oxygen content was significantly decreased. Furthermore, the pH, total carbon content, volatile suspended solids content, and activities of four carbon-metabolizing enzymes were significantly increased in the faeces addition group. The 16sRNA analysis of methanogenic and methane-oxidizing bacteria showed that Euryarchaea and Pseudomonas accounted for the highest proportion respectively. The most significant differences expression were found for Methylbacterium in the methanogenic bacteria and Methylobacter in the methane oxidizing bacteria. Structural variance model showed that interaction of fish faeces and sediments mainly caused changes in sulfate content, leading to variations in methanogens and methanotrophs and promotion of CH4 emission. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for the mechanism of carbon reduction and emission reduction of lake filter-feeding fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhanpeng Meng
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinfeng Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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2
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Shen Y, Jiang R, Liu C, Li M, Jiao G, Li B, Wu M, Zhang J, Shao L, Cai C, Shi L, He P. Analysis of the potential of marine bioblue carbon storage and their regional contributions in Shanghai marine areas. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 207:116850. [PMID: 39182403 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Shanghai's extensive coastline and offshore marine areas feature diverse ecosystems. This study aimed to determine the current status, spatial distribution, and total capacity of marine carbon storage in Shanghai. Surveys were conducted on oyster reefs, phytoplankton, and fish populations from August to November 2022, with samples collected to quantify biomass and carbon content. The carbon storage of oyster reefs, phytoplankton, and fish was found to be 2.045 × 105 tC, 5113.19 kgC, and 56.6014 tC, respectively. The spatial distributions exhibited significant heterogeneity, influenced by substrate type, nutrient concentrations, and fishing activities. The total marine carbon storage capacity in Shanghai's offshore waters was estimated at 2.045 × 105 tC, highlighting a pathway for achieving regional carbon neutrality goals. This study enriches baseline data, elucidates carbon sequestration functions and spatial patterns, and provides scientific support for marine ecological protection and blue carbon resource utilization. Future research should investigate spatiotemporal variation mechanisms and potential regulation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Shen
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruitong Jiang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Caicai Liu
- East China Sea Ecological Center, Ministry of Natural Resource, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Gangwei Jiao
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Meiqin Wu
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jianheng Zhang
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liu Shao
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chuner Cai
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Liyan Shi
- Shanghai ALW Water Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200131, China.
| | - Peimin He
- College of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Water Environment and Ecology Engineering Research Center of the Shanghai Institution of Higher Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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3
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Oehlert AM, Garza J, Nixon S, Frank L, Folkerts EJ, Stieglitz JD, Lu C, Heuer RM, Benetti DD, Del Campo J, Gomez FA, Grosell M. Implications of dietary carbon incorporation in fish carbonates for the global carbon cycle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:169895. [PMID: 38215854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Marine bony fish are important participants in Earth's carbon cycle through their contributions to the biological pump and the marine inorganic carbon cycle. However, uncertainties in the composition and magnitude of fish contributions preclude their integration into fully coupled carbon-climate models. Here, we consider recent upwards revisions to global fish biomass estimates (2.7-9.5×) and provide new stable carbon isotope measurements that show marine fish are prodigious producers of carbonate with unique composition. Assuming the median increase (4.17×) in fish biomass estimates is linearly reflected in fish carbonate (ichthyocarbonate) production rate, marine fish are estimated to produce between 1.43 and 3.99 Pg CaCO3 yr-1, but potentially as much as 9.03 Pg CaCO3 yr-1. Thus, marine fish carbonate production is equivalent to or potentially higher than contributions by coccolithophores or pelagic foraminifera. New stable carbon isotope analyses indicate that a significant proportion of ichthyocarbonate is derived from dietary carbon, rather than seawater dissolved inorganic carbon. Using a statistical mixing model to derive source contributions, we estimate ichthyocarbonate contains up to 81 % dietary carbon, with average compositions of 28-56 %, standing in contrast to contents <10 % in other biogenic carbonate minerals. Results also indicate ichthyocarbonate contains 5.5-40.4 % total organic carbon. When scaled to the median revised global production of ichthyocarbonate, an additional 0.08 to 1.61 Pg C yr-1 can potentially be added to estimates of fish contributions to the biological pump, significantly increasing marine fish contributions to total surface carbon export. Our integration of geochemical and physiological analyses identifies an overlooked link between carbonate production and the biological pump. Since ichthyocarbonate production is anticipated to increase with climate change scenarios, due to ocean warming and acidification, these results emphasize the importance of quantitative understanding of the multifaceted role of marine fish in the global carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Oehlert
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America.
| | - Jazmin Garza
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sandy Nixon
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - LeeAnn Frank
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Chaojin Lu
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Javier Del Campo
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America; Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC - Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabian A Gomez
- Northern Gulf Institute, Mississippi State University, MS, United States of America; NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, FL, United States of America
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4
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Folkerts EJ, Oehlert AM, Heuer RM, Nixon S, Stieglitz JD, Grosell M. The role of marine fish-produced carbonates in the oceanic carbon cycle is determined by size, specific gravity, and dissolution rate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170044. [PMID: 38244625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Rising CO2 emissions have heightened the necessity for increased understanding of Earth's carbon cycle to predict future climates. The involvement of marine planktonic species in the global carbon cycle has been extensively studied, but contributions by marine fish remain poorly characterized. Marine teleost fishes produce carbonate minerals ('ichthyocarbonates') within the lumen of their intestines which are excreted at significant rates on a global scale. However, we have limited understanding of the fate of excreted ichthyocarbonate. We analyzed ichthyocarbonate produced by three different marine teleosts for mol%MgCO3 content, size, specific gravity, and dissolution rate to gain a better understanding of ichthyocarbonate fate. Based on the species examined here, we report that 75 % of ichthyocarbonates are ≤0.91 mm in diameter. Analyses indicate high Mg2+ content across species (22.3 to 32.3 % mol%MgCO3), consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, ichthyocarbonate specific gravity ranged from 1.23 to 1.33 g/cm3, and ichthyocarbonate dissolution rates varied among species as a function of aragonite saturation state. Ichthyocarbonate sinking rates and dissolution depth were estimated for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian ocean basins for the three species examined. In the North Atlantic, for example, ~33 % of examined ichthyocarbonates are expected to reach depths exceeding 200 m prior to complete dissolution. The remaining ~66 % of ichthyocarbonate is estimated to dissolve and contribute to shallow water alkalinity budgets. Considering fish biomass and ichthyocarbonate production rates, our results support that marine fishes are critical to the global carbon cycle, contributing to oceanic alkalinity budgets and thereby influencing the ability of the oceans to neutralize atmospheric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America.
| | - Amanda M Oehlert
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Sandy Nixon
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
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5
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Tresguerres M, Kwan GT, Weinrauch A. Evolving views of ionic, osmotic and acid-base regulation in aquatic animals. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:jeb245747. [PMID: 37522267 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of ionic, osmotic and acid-base (IOAB) conditions in biological fluids is among the most fundamental functions in all organisms; being surrounded by water uniquely shapes the IOAB regulatory strategies of water-breathing animals. Throughout its centennial history, Journal of Experimental Biology has established itself as a premier venue for publication of comparative, environmental and evolutionary studies on IOAB regulation. This Review provides a synopsis of IOAB regulation in aquatic animals, some of the most significant research milestones in the field, and evolving views about the underlying cellular mechanisms and their evolutionary implications. It also identifies promising areas for future research and proposes ideas for enhancing the impact of aquatic IOAB research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tresguerres
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Garfield T Kwan
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alyssa Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M5, Canada
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6
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Drábiková L, Fjelldal PG, Yousaf MN, Morken T, De Clercq A, McGurk C, Witten PE. Elevated Water CO 2 Can Prevent Dietary-Induced Osteomalacia in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar, L.). Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040663. [PMID: 37189410 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Expansion of land-based systems in fish farms elevate the content of metabolic carbon dioxide (CO2) in the water. High CO2 is suggested to increase the bone mineral content in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, L.). Conversely, low dietary phosphorus (P) halts bone mineralization. This study examines if high CO2 can counteract reduced bone mineralization imposed by low dietary P intake. Atlantic salmon post-seawater transfer (initial weight 207.03 g) were fed diets containing 6.3 g/kg (0.5P), 9.0 g/kg (1P), or 26.8 g/kg (3P) total P for 13 weeks. Atlantic salmon from all dietary P groups were reared in seawater which was not injected with CO2 and contained a regular CO2 level (5 mg/L) or in seawater with injected CO2 thus raising the level to 20 mg/L. Atlantic salmon were analyzed for blood chemistry, bone mineral content, vertebral centra deformities, mechanical properties, bone matrix alterations, expression of bone mineralization, and P metabolism-related genes. High CO2 and high P reduced Atlantic salmon growth and feed intake. High CO2 increased bone mineralization when dietary P was low. Atlantic salmon fed with a low P diet downregulated the fgf23 expression in bone cells indicating an increased renal phosphate reabsorption. The current results suggest that reduced dietary P could be sufficient to maintain bone mineralization under conditions of elevated CO2. This opens up a possibility for lowering the dietary P content under certain farming conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Drábiková
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Per Gunnar Fjelldal
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Matre Research Station, N-5984 Matredal, Norway
| | | | - Thea Morken
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles McGurk
- Skretting Aquaculture Innovation, Sjøhagen 3, 4016 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Paul Eckhard Witten
- Evolutionary Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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7
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Yaghouti M, Heidarzadeh N, Ulloa HN, Nakhaei N. The impacts of climate change on thermal stratification and dissolved oxygen in the temperate, dimictic Mississippi Lake, Ontario. ECOL INFORM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoinf.2023.102087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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8
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De Benedetto G, Capparucci F, Natale S, Savoca S, Riolo K, Gervasi C, Albano M, Giannetto A, Gaglio G, Iaria C. Morphological and Molecular Identification of Mullet Helminth Parasite Fauna from Ganzirri Lagoon (Sicily, Southern Italy). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13050847. [PMID: 36899704 PMCID: PMC10000164 DOI: 10.3390/ani13050847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mullets (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) are a euryhaline species widely distributed all over the world, thus representing an excellent study model for host-parasite interactions. From March to June 2022, 150 mullets, belonging to Chelon labrosus (n = 99), Chelon auratus (n = 37), and Oedalechilus labeo (n = 14) species, were caught to identify the helminth parasite fauna of the different mullet species present in the Ganzirri Lagoon (Messina, Sicily, Italy). A parasitological evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) was carried out with a total worm count technique (TWC) to detect helminth presence. All collected parasites were stored in 70% ethanol until morphological evaluation, and frozen at -80 °C for subsequent molecular analysis, using 28S, ITS-2, 18S primers. The morphological evaluation allowed for the identification Acanthocephalan parasites (Neoechinorhynchus agilis) from two C. labrosus specimens. Sixty-six samples were positive for adult digenean trematodes (C. labrosus, 49.5 %; C. auratus, 27%, and O. labeo, 50%), molecularly identified as Haploporus benedeni. This study represents the first survey of helminthic parasite fauna of mullets from the south of Italy. The presence of Hydrobia sp. in the stomach contents of mullets allowed us to infer the H. benedeni life cycle in the Ganzirri lagoon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sabrina Natale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Serena Savoca
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Kristian Riolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudio Gervasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Giannetto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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9
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Ghilardi M, Salter MA, Parravicini V, Ferse SCA, Rixen T, Wild C, Birkicht M, Perry CT, Berry A, Wilson RW, Mouillot D, Bejarano S. Temperature, species identity and morphological traits predict carbonate excretion and mineralogy in tropical reef fishes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:985. [PMID: 36813767 PMCID: PMC9947118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures are restructuring coral reefs globally. Sound predictions of the expected changes in key reef functions require adequate knowledge of their drivers. Here we investigate the determinants of a poorly-studied yet relevant biogeochemical function sustained by marine bony fishes: the excretion of intestinal carbonates. Compiling carbonate excretion rates and mineralogical composition from 382 individual coral reef fishes (85 species and 35 families), we identify the environmental factors and fish traits that predict them. We find that body mass and relative intestinal length (RIL) are the strongest predictors of carbonate excretion. Larger fishes and those with longer intestines excrete disproportionately less carbonate per unit mass than smaller fishes and those with shorter intestines. The mineralogical composition of excreted carbonates is highly conserved within families, but also controlled by RIL and temperature. These results fundamentally advance our understanding of the role of fishes in inorganic carbon cycling and how this contribution will change as community composition shifts under increasing anthropogenic pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Ghilardi
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | | | - Valeriano Parravicini
- PSL Université Paris: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, University of Perpignan, 66860, Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian C A Ferse
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Tim Rixen
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Department of Marine Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße UFT, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Birkicht
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Chris T Perry
- Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - Alex Berry
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David Mouillot
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - Sonia Bejarano
- Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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10
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García Rellán A, Vázquez Ares D, Vázquez Brea C, Francisco López A, Bello Bugallo PM. Sources, sinks and transformations of plastics in our oceans: Review, management strategies and modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158745. [PMID: 36108857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, 60-80 % of litter is plastic, and almost 10 % ends up in the ocean directly or indirectly. Plastics often suffer from photooxidation producing microplastics and these microplastics derived from the breakdown of larger plastics are called secondary microplastics. These compounds simply cannot be extracted from the oceans, and once mixed, they enter the food chain and may have toxic effects. This work reviews the current existing information on the topic in the scientific literature. Then, the current plastic management strategies in the marine environment are analysed, with the objective of identifying possible needs and improvements from a sustainable point of view, and to define new approaches. Simultaneously, a material flows analysis in different media of the marine environment is carried out using system dynamics. A preliminary model of plastics mobilization into the ocean to other media of the marine environment (like sediments and biota) is developed and validated with the existing data from the previous steps of the work. This work expands the current knowledge on the plastics management, their transformations and accumulation in the marine environment and the harmful effects on it. Likewise, preliminary dynamic model of mobilization of plastics in the ocean is implemented, run, and validated. The developed model can be used to predict trends in the distribution of the plastics in the ocean with time. In addition, the most important reservoirs of plastics in the ocean can be observed. Although plastics undergo transformations in the marine environment, it is not a means of disposal since most of them are non-biodegradable. Most plastics accumulate on the seabed. The proportion of microplastics found in sediments is higher than that of macroplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana García Rellán
- TECH-NASE Research Group. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Diego Vázquez Ares
- TECH-NASE Research Group. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Constantino Vázquez Brea
- TECH-NASE Research Group. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ahinara Francisco López
- TECH-NASE Research Group. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Pastora M Bello Bugallo
- TECH-NASE Research Group. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Av. Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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11
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Liu Q, Zhou L, Wu Y, Huang H, He X, Gao N, Zhang L. Quantification of the carbon released by a marine fish using a carbon release model and radiocarbon. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113908. [PMID: 35810653 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we propose a carbon release model that divides fish-released carbon into two sources (ingested food and the fish body), and three forms (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), CO2, and particulate carbon (PC)). We quantified the daily carbon budget of a marine fish Oryzias melastigma by feeding the fish radiocarbon-labeled living rotifer. We found that 91%-92%, 25%-47%, 28%-50%, 20%-31%, and 8%-9% of the ingested food carbon was absorbed, assimilated, and released as DOC, CO2, and PC, respectively. Fish body carbon dissimilated/catabolized and released as 0.053-0.12 d-1 at two daily food rations. DOC, CO2, and PC accounted for 39%-42%, 39%-45%, and 16%-19% of the released fish body carbon, respectively. Our study shows that the fish transformed substantial fractions of their daily ingested food and dissimilated body carbon into DOC, and fish may be an important source of DOC in the ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linbin Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Wu
- School of Environment Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Xuejia He
- Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Na Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Li Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China.
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12
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Sulpis O, Agrawal P, Wolthers M, Munhoven G, Walker M, Middelburg JJ. Aragonite dissolution protects calcite at the seafloor. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1104. [PMID: 35232971 PMCID: PMC8888755 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28711-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the open ocean, calcium carbonates are mainly found in two mineral forms. Calcite, the least soluble, is widespread at the seafloor, while aragonite, the more soluble, is rarely preserved in marine sediments. Despite its greater solubility, research has shown that aragonite, whose contribution to global pelagic calcification could be at par with that of calcite, is able to reach the deep-ocean. If large quantities of aragonite settle and dissolve at the seafloor, this represents a large source of alkalinity that buffers the deep ocean and favours the preservation of less soluble calcite, acting as a deep-sea, carbonate version of galvanization. Here, we investigate the role of aragonite dissolution on the early diagenesis of calcite-rich sediments using a novel 3D, micrometric-scale reactive-transport model combined with 3D, X-ray tomography structures of natural aragonite and calcite shells. Results highlight the important role of diffusive transport in benthic calcium carbonate dissolution, in agreement with recent work. We show that, locally, aragonite fluxes to the seafloor could be sufficient to suppress calcite dissolution in the top layer of the seabed, possibly causing calcite recrystallization. As aragonite producers are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification, the proposed galvanizing effect of aragonite could be weakened in the future, and calcite dissolution at the sediment-water interface will have to cover a greater share of CO2 neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sulpis
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Priyanka Agrawal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariette Wolthers
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy Munhoven
- Département d'Astrophysique, Géophysique et Océanographie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Matthew Walker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
- Leeds Institute of Data Analytics (LIDA), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jack J Middelburg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Yarlett RT, Perry CT, Wilson RW. Quantifying production rates and size fractions of parrotfish-derived sediment: A key functional role on Maldivian coral reefs. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:16250-16265. [PMID: 34824825 PMCID: PMC8601892 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reef fish perform numerous important functional roles on coral reefs. Of these, carbonate sediment production, as a by-product of parrotfish feeding, is especially important for contributing to reef framework construction and reef-associated landform development. However, only limited data exist on: (i) how production rates vary among reef habitats as a function of parrotfish assemblages, (ii) the relative importance of sediment produced from eroded, reworked, and endogenous sources, or (iii) the size fractions of sediment generated by different parrotfish species and size classes. These parameters influence not only overall reef-derived sediment supply, but also influence the transport potential and depositional fate of this sedimentary material. Here, we show that parrotfish sediment production varies significantly between reef-platform habitats on an atoll-margin Maldivian reef. Highest rates of production (over 0.8 kg m-2 year-1) were calculated in three of the eight platform habitats; a rubble-dominated zone, an Acropora spp. dominated zone, and a patch reef zone. Habitat spatial extent and differences in associated parrotfish assemblages strongly influenced the total quantities of sediment generated within each habitat. Nearly half of total parrotfish sediment production occurred in the rubble habitat, which comprised only 8% of the total platform area. Over 90% of this sedimentary material originated from eroded reef framework as opposed to being reworked existing or endogenously produced sediment, and comprised predominantly coral sands (predominantly 125-1000 µm in diameter). This is comparable to the dominant sand types and size fractions found on Maldivian reef islands. By contrast, nearly half of the sediment egested by parrotfish in the Acropora spp. dominated and patch reef habitats resulted from reworked existing sediments. These differences between habitats are a result of the different parrotfish assemblages supported. Endogenous carbonate production was found to be insignificant compared to the quantity of eroded and reworked material. Our findings have important implications for identifying key habitats and species which act as major sources of sediment for reef-island systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Yarlett
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Chris T. Perry
- GeographyCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Rod W. Wilson
- BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterUK
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14
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Bianchi D, Carozza DA, Galbraith ED, Guiet J, DeVries T. Estimating global biomass and biogeochemical cycling of marine fish with and without fishing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabd7554. [PMID: 34623923 PMCID: PMC8500507 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The biomass and biogeochemical roles of fish in the ocean are ecologically important but poorly known. Here, we use a data-constrained marine ecosystem model to provide a first-order estimate of the historical reduction of fish biomass due to fishing and the associated change in biogeochemical cycling rates. The pre-exploitation global biomass of exploited fish (10 g to 100 kg) was 3.3 ± 0.5 Gt, cycling roughly 2% of global primary production (9.4 ± 1.6 Gt year−1) and producing 10% of surface biological export. Particulate organic matter produced by exploited fish drove roughly 10% of the oxygen consumption and biological carbon storage at depth. By the 1990s, biomass and cycling rates had been reduced by nearly half, suggesting that the biogeochemical impact of fisheries has been comparable to that of anthropogenic climate change. Our results highlight the importance of developing a better mechanistic understanding of how fish alter ocean biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Bianchi
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - David A. Carozza
- Département de Mathématiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric D. Galbraith
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Guiet
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Timothy DeVries
- Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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15
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Takei Y. The digestive tract as an essential organ for water acquisition in marine teleosts: lessons from euryhaline eels. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2021; 7:10. [PMID: 34154668 PMCID: PMC8215749 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-021-00175-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to a hypertonic marine environment is one of the major topics in animal physiology research. Marine teleosts lose water osmotically from the gills and compensate for this loss by drinking surrounding seawater and absorbing water from the intestine. This situation is in contrast to that in mammals, which experience a net osmotic loss of water after drinking seawater. Water absorption in fishes is made possible by (1) removal of monovalent ions (desalinization) by the esophagus, (2) removal of divalent ions as carbonate (Mg/CaCO3) precipitates promoted by HCO3- secretion, and (3) facilitation of NaCl and water absorption from diluted seawater by the intestine using a suite of unique transporters. As a result, 70-85% of ingested seawater is absorbed during its passage through the digestive tract. Thus, the digestive tract is an essential organ for marine teleost survival in the hypertonic seawater environment. The eel is a species that has been frequently used for osmoregulation research in laboratories worldwide. The eel possesses many advantages as an experimental animal for osmoregulation studies, one of which is its outstanding euryhalinity, which enables researchers to examine changes in the structure and function of the digestive tract after direct transfer from freshwater to seawater. In recent years, the molecular mechanisms of ion and water transport across epithelial cells (the transcellular route) and through tight junctions (the paracellular route) have been elucidated for the esophagus and intestine. Thanks to the rapid progress in analytical methods for genome databases on teleosts, including the eel, the molecular identities of transporters, channels, pumps and junctional proteins have been clarified at the isoform level. As 10 y have passed since the previous reviews on this subject, it seems relevant and timely to summarize recent progress in research on the molecular mechanisms of water and ion transport in the digestive tract in eels and to compare the mechanisms with those of other teleosts and mammals from comparative and evolutionary viewpoints. We also propose future directions for this research field to achieve integrative understanding of the role of the digestive tract in adaptation to seawater with regard to pathways/mechanisms including the paracellular route, divalent ion absorption, metabolon formation and cellular trafficking of transporters. Notably, some of these have already attracted practical attention in laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takei
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8564, Japan.
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16
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Trophic indices for micronektonic fishes reveal their dependence on the microbial system in the North Atlantic. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8488. [PMID: 33875692 PMCID: PMC8055700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87767-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microbes for the functioning of oceanic food webs is well established, but their relevance for top consumers is still poorly appreciated. Large differences in individual size, and consequently in growth rates and the relevant spatial and temporal scales involved, make the integration of microorganisms and large metazoans in a common food web framework difficult. Using stable isotopes, this study estimated the trophic position of 13 species of micronektonic fishes to examine the microbial and metazoan contribution to mid trophic level consumers. Vertically migrant species displayed higher trophic positions than non-migrant species in all depth layers. The estimated trophic positions agreed well with those from the literature, but all species displayed mean increases between 0.5 and 0.8 trophic positions when taking into account microbial trophic steps. Trophic position, but not the relative importance of the microbial food web, increased with individual size, suggesting that current estimates of the trophic position of top consumers and of the length of oceanic food webs are too low because they are based only on metazoan trophic steps. This finding calls for a review of trophic position estimates and of the efficiency of trophic transfers along oceanic food webs.
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17
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Marques V, Milhau T, Albouy C, Dejean T, Manel S, Mouillot D, Juhel J. GAPeDNA: Assessing and mapping global species gaps in genetic databases for eDNA metabarcoding. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Marques
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier CNRS Ifremer IRD Montpellier France
- CEFE EPHE CNRS UM UPV IRD PSL Research University Montpellier France
| | | | - Camille Albouy
- IFREMER Unité Ecologie et Modèles pour l’Halieutique Nantes cedex 3 Nantes France
| | | | - Stéphanie Manel
- CEFE EPHE CNRS UM UPV IRD PSL Research University Montpellier France
| | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC Univ Montpellier CNRS Ifremer IRD Montpellier France
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
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18
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Weinrauch AM, Hoogenboom JL, Anderson WG. A review of reductionist methods in fish gastrointestinal tract physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 254:110571. [PMID: 33556622 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A holistic understanding of a physiological system can be accomplished through the use of multiple methods. Our current understanding of the fish gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and its role in both nutrient handling and osmoregulation is the result of the examination of the GIT using multiple reductionist methods. This review summarizes the following methods: in vivo mass balance studies, and in vitro gut sac preparations, intestinal perfusions, and Ussing chambers. From Homer Smith's initial findings of marine fish intestinal osmoregulation in the 1930s through to today's research, we discuss the methods, their advantages and pitfalls, and ultimately how they have each contributed to our understanding of fish GIT physiology. Although in vivo studies provide substantial information on the intact animal, segment specific functions of the GIT cannot be easily elucidated. Instead, in vitro gut sac preparations, intestinal perfusions, or Ussing chamber experiments can provide considerable information on the function of a specific tissue and permit the delineation of specific transport pathways through the use of pharmacological agents; however, integrative inputs (e.g. hormonal and neuronal) are removed and only a fraction of the organ system can be studied. We conclude with two case studies, i) divalent cation transport in teleosts and ii) nitrogen handling in the elasmobranch GIT, to highlight how the use of multiple reductionist methods contributes to a greater understanding of the organ system as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Weinrauch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - J Lisa Hoogenboom
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - W Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.
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19
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Alves A, Gregório SF, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Fuentes J. Intestinal response to ocean acidification in the European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110789. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Mariani G, Cheung WWL, Lyet A, Sala E, Mayorga J, Velez L, Gaines SD, Dejean T, Troussellier M, Mouillot D. Let more big fish sink: Fisheries prevent blue carbon sequestration-half in unprofitable areas. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/44/eabb4848. [PMID: 33115738 PMCID: PMC7608781 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb4848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to most terrestrial organisms, which release their carbon into the atmosphere after death, carcasses of large marine fish sink and sequester carbon in the deep ocean. Yet, fisheries have extracted a massive amount of this "blue carbon," contributing to additional atmospheric CO2 emissions. Here, we used historical catches and fuel consumption to show that ocean fisheries have released a minimum of 0.73 billion metric tons of CO2 (GtCO2) in the atmosphere since 1950. Globally, 43.5% of the blue carbon extracted by fisheries in the high seas comes from areas that would be economically unprofitable without subsidies. Limiting blue carbon extraction by fisheries, particularly on unprofitable areas, would reduce CO2 emissions by burning less fuel and reactivating a natural carbon pump through the rebuilding of fish stocks and the increase of carcasses deadfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Mariani
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France.
| | - William W L Cheung
- Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Arnaud Lyet
- World Wildlife Fund, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Enric Sala
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - Juan Mayorga
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Laure Velez
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Steven D Gaines
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Tony Dejean
- SPYGEN, 17 rue du Lac Saint-André, Savoie Technolac, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | | | - David Mouillot
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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21
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Woodson CB, Schramski JR, Joye SB. Food web complexity weakens size-based constraints on the pyramids of life. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20201500. [PMID: 32900320 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are generally expected to have bottom-heavy trophic structure (more plants than animals) due to size-based constraints arising from increased metabolic requirements and inefficient energy transfer. However, size-based (allometric) approaches are often limited to confined trophic-level windows where energy transfer is predicted by size alone and are constrained to a balance between bottom-up and top-down control at steady state. In real food webs, energy flow is more complex and imbalances in top-down and bottom-up processes can also shape trophic structure. We expand the size-based theory to account for complex food webs and show that moderate levels of food web connectance allow for inverted trophic structure more often than predicted, especially in marine ecosystems. Trophic structure inversion occurs due to the incorporation of complex energy pathways and top-down effects on ecosystems. Our results suggest that marine ecosystems should be top-heavy, and observed bottom-heavy trophic structure may be a result of human defaunation of the ocean that has been more extreme than presently recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Woodson
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - J R Schramski
- School of Environmental, Civil, Agricultural and Mechanical Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - S B Joye
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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22
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Lonthair J, Dichiera AM, Esbaugh AJ. Mechanisms of acid-base regulation following respiratory alkalosis in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 250:110779. [PMID: 32763467 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory acidosis and subsequent metabolic compensation are well-studied processes in fish exposed to elevated CO2 (hypercapnia). Yet, such exposures in the marine environment are invariably accompanied by a return of environmental CO2 to atmospheric baselines. This understudied phenomenon has the potential to cause a respiratory alkalosis that would necessitate base excretion. Here we sought to explore this question and the associated physiological mechanisms that may accompany base excretions using the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). As expected, when high pCO2 (15,000 μatm CO2) acclimated red drum were transferred to normal pCO2, their net H+ excretion shifted from positive (0.157 ± 0.044 μmol g-1 h-1) to negative (-0.606 ± 0.116 μmol g-1 h-1) in the 2 h post-transfer period. Net H+ excretion returned to control rates during the 3 to 24 h flux period. Gene expression and enzyme activity assays demonstrated that while the acidosis resulted in significant changes in several relevant transporters, no significant changes accompanied the alkalosis phase. Confocal microscopy was used to assess alkalosis-stimulated translocation of V-type H+ ATPase to the basolateral membrane previously seen in other marine species; however, no apparent translocation was observed. Overall, these data demonstrate that fluctuations in environmental CO2 result in both acidic and alkalotic respiratory disturbances; however, red drum maintain sufficient regulatory capacity to accommodate base excretion. Furthermore, this work does not support a role for basolateral VHA translocation in metabolic compensation from a systemic alkalosis in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lonthair
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA; Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Fisheries Resources Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Angelina M Dichiera
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA
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23
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Whittamore JM. The teleost fish intestine is a major oxalate-secreting epithelium. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb216895. [PMID: 32122927 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.216895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxalate is a common constituent of kidney stones, but the mechanism of its transport across epithelia is not well understood. With prior research on the role of the intestine focused on mammals, the present study considered oxalate handling by teleost fish. Given the osmotic challenge of seawater (SW), marine teleosts have limited scope for urinary oxalate excretion relative to freshwater (FW) taxa. The marine teleost intestine was hypothesized as the principal route for oxalate elimination, thus demanding epithelial secretion. To test this, intestinal 14C-oxalate flux was compared between FW- and SW-acclimated sailfin molly (Poecilia latipinna). In SW, oxalate was secreted at remarkable rates (367.90±22.95 pmol cm-2 h-1), which were similar following FW transfer (387.59±27.82 pmol cm-2 h-1), implying no regulation by salinity. Nevertheless, this ability to secrete oxalate at rates 15-19 times higher than the mammalian small intestine supports this proposal of the teleost gut as a major, previously unrecognized excretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Whittamore
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100275, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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24
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Economic Gain vs. Ecological Pain—Environmental Sustainability in Economies Based on Renewable Biological Resources. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are two main international strategies concerning how to ensure a sustainable environment: one is to develop a globally bio-based economy, or bioeconomy, to meet the increased demand of goods and products to maintain our well-being and to reduce climate change. On the other hand, there is an aim to decrease the negative impacts on nature and natural habitats to conserve and maintain ecosystems and control the loss of biodiversity. There is a trade-off between these two strategies; as we increase the commitment to the bioeconomy by intensifying biomass production, we will simultaneously challenge biodiversity through the increased pressure on, and the utilization of, biological raw materials. Here, we first review and discuss the challenges and opportunities in terrestrial and marine ecosystems for the production of biomass for the bioeconomy. We focus on the trade-offs between economic sustainability on one hand, and environmental sustainability and resilience on the other hand. We conclude with a discussion of the various bioeconomy strategies. Finally, we present a conceptual model on how to sustainably develop the bioeconomies (by introducing the concept of optimizing the economic gain/ecological pain ratio) to be able to manage the biodiversity in a sustainable way.
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25
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Gregório SF, Ruiz-Jarabo I, Carvalho EM, Fuentes J. Increased intestinal carbonate precipitate abundance in the sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) in response to ocean acidification. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218473. [PMID: 31226164 PMCID: PMC6588277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine fish contribute to the carbon cycle by producing mineralized intestinal precipitates generated as by-products of their osmoregulation. Here we aimed at characterizing the control of epithelial bicarbonate secretion and intestinal precipitate presence in the gilthead sea bream in response to predicted near future increases of environmental CO2. Our results demonstrate that hypercapnia (950 and 1800 μatm CO2) elicits higher intestine epithelial HCO3- secretion ex vivo and a subsequent parallel increase of intestinal precipitate presence in vivo when compared to present values (440 μatm CO2). Intestinal gene expression analysis in response to environmental hypercapnia revealed the up-regulation of transporters involved in the intestinal bicarbonate secretion cascade such as the basolateral sodium bicarbonate co-transporter slc4a4, and the apical anion transporters slc26a3 and slc26a6 of sea bream. In addition, other genes involved in intestinal ion uptake linked to water absorption such as the apical nkcc2 and aquaporin 1b expression, indicating that hypercapnia influences different levels of intestinal physiology. Taken together the current results are consistent with an intestinal physiological response leading to higher bicarbonate secretion in the intestine of the sea bream paralleled by increased luminal carbonate precipitate abundance and the main related transporters in response to ocean acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia F. Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Ruiz-Jarabo
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Edison M. Carvalho
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Juan Fuentes
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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26
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Link JS, Watson RA. Global ecosystem overfishing: Clear delineation within real limits to production. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav0474. [PMID: 31249861 PMCID: PMC6594768 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The well-documented value of marine fisheries is threatened by overfishing. Management typically focuses on target populations but lacks effective tools to document or restrain overexploitation of marine ecosystems. Here, we present three indices and accompanying thresholds to detect and delineate ecosystem overfishing (EOF): the Fogarty, Friedland, and Ryther indices. These are based on widely available and readily interpreted catch and satellite data that link fisheries landings to primary production using known limits of trophic transfer efficiency. We propose theoretically and empirically based thresholds for each of those indices; with these criteria, several ecosystems are fished sustainably, but nearly 40 to 50% of tropical and temperate ecosystems exceed even extreme thresholds. Applying these criteria to global fisheries data results in strong evidence for two specific instances of EOF, increases in both pressure on tropical fish and a climate-mediated polar shift. Here, we show that these two patterns represent evidence for global EOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S. Link
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, 166 Water Street, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- *Corresponding author.
| | - Reg A. Watson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
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27
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Vandeginste V, Snell O, Hall MR, Steer E, Vandeginste A. Acceleration of dolomitization by zinc in saline waters. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1851. [PMID: 31015437 PMCID: PMC6478858 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) plays a key role in the global carbon cycle. Yet, the chemical mechanisms that catalyze its formation remain an enigma. Here, using batch reactor experiments, we demonstrate an unexpected acceleration of dolomite formation by zinc in saline fluids, reflecting a not uncommon spatial association of dolomite with Mississippi Valley-type ores. The acceleration correlates with dissolved zinc concentration, irrespective of the zinc source tested (ZnCl2 and ZnO). Moreover, the addition of dissolved zinc counteracts the inhibiting effect of dissolved sulfate on dolomite formation. Integration with previous studies enables us to develop an understanding of the dolomitization pathway. Our findings suggest that the fluids’ high ionic strength and zinc complexation facilitate magnesium ion dehydration, resulting in a dramatic decrease in induction time. This study establishes a previously unrecognized role of zinc in dolomite formation, and may help explain the changes in dolomite abundance through geological time. The reason for dolomite being widespread in ancient rocks remains an unsolved conundrum and artificial attempts to form well-ordered dolomite at ambient conditions have proven very challenging. Here, the authors provide laboratory experiments that show the acceleration of dolomite formation via dissolved zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Vandeginste
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK. .,GeoEnergy Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Oliver Snell
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew R Hall
- GeoEnergy Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK.,British Geological Survey, Environmental Science Centre, Keyworth, NG12 5GG, Nottingham, UK
| | - Elisabeth Steer
- Nano- and Microscale Research Centre, University of Nottingham, University Park, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Arne Vandeginste
- Camco Technologies, Haasrode Research Park 1040, Technologielaan 13, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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Takei Y, Wong MKS, Ando M. Molecular mechanisms for intestinal HCO3− secretion and its regulation by guanylin in seawater-acclimated eels. J Exp Biol 2019; 222:jeb.203539. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.203539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The intestine of marine teleosts secretes HCO3− into the lumen and precipitates Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the imbibed seawater as carbonates to decrease luminal fluid osmolality and facilitate water absorption. However, hormonal regulation of HCO3−secretion is largely unknown. Here, mucosally-added guanylin (GN) increased HCO3− secretion, measured by pH-stat, across isolated seawater-acclimated eel intestine bathed in saline at pH 7.4 (5% CO2). The effect of GN on HCO3− secretion was slower than that on the short-circuit current, and the time-course of the GN effect was similar to that of bumetanide. Mucosal bumetanide and serosal 4,4’-dinitrostilbene-2,2’-disulfonic acid (DNDS) inhibited the GN effect, suggesting an involvement of apical Na+-K+-2Cl− cotransporter (NKCC2) and basolateral Cl−/HCO3− exchanger (AE)/Na+-HCO3− cotransporter (NBC) in the GN effect. As mucosal DNDS failed to inhibit the GN effect, apical DNDS-sensitive AE may not be involved. To identify molecular species of transporters involved in the GN effect, we performed RNA-seq analyses followed by quantitative real-time PCR after transfer of eels to seawater. Among the genes upregulated after seawater transfer, AE genes, draa, b, and pat1a, c, on the apical membrane, and NBC genes, nbce1a, n1, n2a, and a AE gene, sat-1, on the basolateral membrane were candidates involved in HCO3− secretion. Judging from the slow effect of GN, we suggest that GN inhibits NKCC2b on the apical membrane and decreases cytosolic Cl− and Na+, which then activates apical DNDS-insensitive DRAs and basolateral DNDS-sensitive NBCs to enhance transcellular HCO3− flux across the intestinal epithelia of seawater-acclimated eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takei
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Marty K. S. Wong
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ando
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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Abstract
Earth’s land surface is raised from conventionally flat 15 Gha to >64 Gha accounting for hilly slope undulation and topsoil relief detail. Three main aspects are: topography, rugosity/tortuosity, and micro-relief/porosity of ice/vegetation-free ground. Recalibration arises from four approaches: First, direct empirical estimates of compiled satellite/LiDAR data means of +2.5–26% surface progressively overlain by +94% at cm2 scale for soil ruggedness then +108% for mm2 micro-relief; Second, from digital elevation models with thrice 1.6–2.0 times flat areas; Third, by ‘reverse engineering’ global soil bulk densities and carbon reserves requiring ×4–6 land. Finally, a Fermi estimation doubles the Earth’s surface—as exposed to Sun, air and rain—conveniently set at 100 Gha (with 64 Gha land:36 Gha ocean). Soil organic carbon (SOC) thereby grows to 8580 Gt mainly in SOM-humus with its biotic complexity plus roots, Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM-fungi), leaf-litter and earthworms itself totaling 17,810 Gt. Although four to six times IPCC’s or NASA/NOAA’s calculated 1500–2300 Gt SOC, this is likely an underestimation. Global biomass and biodiversity are at least doubled (×2–3.5) and net primary productivity (NPP) increases to >270 Gt C yr−1 due to terrain. Rationale for a ‘Soil Ecology Institute’ gains ground.
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Interrogation of the Gulf toadfish intestinal proteome response to hypersalinity exposure provides insights into osmoregulatory mechanisms and regulation of carbonate mineral precipitation. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 27:66-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Links between fish abundance and ocean biogeochemistry as recorded in marine sediments. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199420. [PMID: 30067749 PMCID: PMC6070179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish populations are linked to ocean biogeochemistry by their reliance on primary production for food, and dissolved oxygen to breathe. It is also possible that marine fish modify biogeochemical dynamics, as do freshwater fish, through top-down trophic cascades, but there has been relatively little consideration of this possibility. This lack of consideration may reflect a lack of importance; alternatively, it may simply reflect the lack of appropriate observations with which to constrain such relationships. Here, we draw attention to the potential use of marine sediments as long-term simultaneous monitors of both fish abundance and marine biogeochemical dynamics. We compile published sediment proxy records of fish abundance from the west coasts of the Americas, and compare them with biogeochemical proxy measurements made at the same sites. Despite the challenges of using sediment records and the potential convolution of ecological and climatic signals, we find a small number of statistically significant relationships between fish debris and biogeochemical variables, at least some of which are likely to reflect causal relationships. Considering TOC, the most commonly-measured biogeochemical variable, some positive correlations with fish abundance are found, consistent with bottom-up control of fish abundance by primary production, or a planktivore-herbivore-phytoplankton trophic cascade. Negative correlations are also found, which could reflect sedimentary processes, the influence of upwelling-driven oxygen and nutrient dynamics on primary production and fish populations, and/or impacts of fish stocks on carbon fluxes by altering the recycling of carbon within the water column. Although the number of available measurements is too small to draw strong conclusions, the results point to plausible cases of bottom-up forcing, trophic cascades, and influence of dissolved oxygen concentrations on fish habitat.
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32
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O'Leary BC, Roberts CM. Ecological connectivity across ocean depths: Implications for protected area design. Glob Ecol Conserv 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2018.e00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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33
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Cattano C, Claudet J, Domenici P, Milazzo M. Living in a high CO2
world: a global meta-analysis shows multiple trait-mediated fish responses to ocean acidification. ECOL MONOGR 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecm.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cattano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM); Università di Palermo; Via Archirafi 20 Palermo I-90123 Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa); Piazzale Flaminio 9 Roma I-00196 Italy
| | - Joachim Claudet
- National Center for Scientific Research; PSL Université Paris; CRIOBE, USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE-UPVD; Maison des Océans; 195 rue Saint-Jacques Paris 75005 France
- Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL; Perpignan 66860 France
| | - Paolo Domenici
- IAMC-CNR Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero Sezione di Oristano; Località Sa Mardini Torregrande (Oristano) 09072 Italy
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare (DiSTeM); Università di Palermo; Via Archirafi 20 Palermo I-90123 Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa); Piazzale Flaminio 9 Roma I-00196 Italy
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34
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Comparison of the organic matrix found in intestinal CaCO 3 precipitates produced by several marine teleost species. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2018; 221:15-23. [PMID: 29559254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Marine bony fish poses the unique ability to hydrate from imbibed seawater. They accomplish this, in part, by the precipitation of inorganic carbonate mineral in their intestine, which lowers luminal osmotic pressure and allows for water uptake. It has recently been described that in the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) this Ca(Mg)CO3 precipitation occurs under the regulation of an organic matrix. To date no investigations have aimed to determine if this phenomenon applies more generally to marine fish. Here, intestinally derived precipitates were collected from gray snapper (Lutjanus griseus), white grunt (Haemulon plumieri), European flounder (Platichthys flesus), as well as Gulf toadfish, and their matrices were extracted. The ability of these matrices to regulate CaCO3 production was determined using an in vitro calcification assay, which revealed that the matrix derived from each of the tested species increased precipitation at low concentrations, while inhibiting it at higher concentrations in full agreement with the earlier studies on toadfish. Matrix extracted from European flounder precipitates was then analyzed by mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of over 50 unique proteins. When the identities of these proteins were compared to previous investigation of toadfish precipitate matrix, nearly 35% were found to overlap between the flounder and toadfish analyses, suggesting conserved mechanisms of precipitation control. The effects of using different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solutions during precipitate purification on the resulting organic matrix are also discussed.
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35
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Esbaugh AJ, Cutler B. Intestinal Na+, K+, 2Cl- cotransporter 2 plays a crucial role in hyperosmotic transitions of a euryhaline teleost. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/22/e13028. [PMID: 27881573 PMCID: PMC5358003 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Euryhaline fishes, such as the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), must quickly transition between hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic physiological strategies. When freshwater individuals transition to seawater they are exposed to increased diffusive water loss and ion gain. To maintain osmoregulatory balance these animals must drink and absorb seawater through the intestine, followed by ion excretion at the gills. The ability of fishes to transition between strategies can limit the magnitude of osmotic shock that can be tolerated. Here, we demonstrate that red drum can tolerate direct transfer from freshwater to full‐strength seawater with marginal impacts on osmotic balance, as indicated by plasma and muscle ion concentration, as well as muscle water. Seawater transition is concurrent with a significant increase in intestinal fluid volume. Typical patterns of osmoregulatory plasticity were observed in the gill with increased expression of nkcc1 and cftr. Expression changes in the anterior intestine were observed after 24 h for nkcc2 with smaller and later responses observed for slc26a3, slc26a6, and nbc. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated similar patterns of NKCC localization in freshwater and seawater intestines; however, reduced basolateral staining of V‐type ATPase was observed in seawater. Electrophysiological preparations demonstrated that seawater fish had increased absorptive current in the anterior intestine, which was significantly reduced in the presence of 10 μmol/L bumetanide. Overall, these results suggest that nkcc2 plays a crucial role during hyperosmotic transitions, and may be a more important complement to the well‐known bicarbonate secretion pathway than generally considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Esbaugh
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Austin, Texas
| | - Brett Cutler
- University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Austin, Texas
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36
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Abstract
Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these decreases will not avert serious stress and damage to life on Earth, and additional steps are needed to boost the resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, and protect their capacity to supply vital goods and services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help marine ecosystems and people adapt to five prominent impacts of climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification of storms, shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability, as well as their cumulative effects. We explore the role of managed ecosystems in mitigating climate change by promoting carbon sequestration and storage and by buffering against uncertainty in management, environmental fluctuations, directional change, and extreme events. We highlight both strengths and limitations and conclude that marine reserves are a viable low-tech, cost-effective adaptation strategy that would yield multiple cobenefits from local to global scales, improving the outlook for the environment and people into the future.
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37
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Brijs J, Hennig GW, Gräns A, Dekens E, Axelsson M, Olsson C. Exposure to seawater increases intestinal motility in euryhaline rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:2397-2408. [PMID: 28432152 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.156000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Upon exposure to seawater, euryhaline teleosts need to imbibe and desalinate seawater to allow for intestinal ion and water absorption, as this is essential for maintaining osmotic homeostasis. Despite the potential benefits of increased mixing and transport of imbibed water for increasing the efficiency of absorptive processes, the effect of water salinity on intestinal motility in teleosts remains unexplored. By qualitatively and quantitatively describing in vivo intestinal motility of euryhaline rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), this study demonstrates that, in freshwater, the most common motility pattern consisted of clusters of rhythmic, posteriorly propagating contractions that lasted ∼1-2 min followed by a period of quiescence lasting ∼4-5 min. This pattern closely resembles mammalian migrating motor complexes (MMCs). Following a transition to seawater, imbibed seawater resulted in a significant distension of the intestine and the frequency of MMCs increased twofold to threefold with a concomitant reduction in the periods of quiescence. The increased frequency of MMCs was also accompanied by ripple-type contractions occurring every 12-60 s. These findings demonstrate that intestinal contractile activity of euryhaline teleosts is dramatically increased upon exposure to seawater, which is likely part of the overall response for maintaining osmotic homeostasis as increased drinking and mechanical perturbation of fluids is necessary to optimise intestinal ion and water absorption. Finally, the temporal response of intestinal motility in rainbow trout transitioning from freshwater to seawater coincides with previously documented physiological modifications associated with osmoregulation and may provide further insight into the underlying reasons shaping the migration patterns of salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Brijs
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Grant W Hennig
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Albin Gräns
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-532 31 Skara, Sweden
| | - Esmée Dekens
- Institute for Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catharina Olsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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38
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Phase heterogeneity in carbonate production by marine fish influences their roles in sediment generation and the inorganic carbon cycle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:765. [PMID: 28396585 PMCID: PMC5429630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine teleost fish are important carbonate producers in neritic and oceanic settings. However, the fates of the diverse carbonate phases (i.e., mineral and amorphous forms of CaCO3) they produce, and their roles in sediment production and marine inorganic carbon cycling, remain poorly understood. Here we quantify the carbonate phases produced by 22 Bahamian fish species and integrate these data with regional fish biomass data from The Bahamas to generate a novel platform-scale production model that resolves these phases. Overall carbonate phase proportions, ordered by decreasing phase stability, are: ~20% calcite, ~6% aragonite, ~60% high-Mg calcite, and ~14% amorphous carbonate. We predict that these phases undergo differing fates, with at least ~14% (amorphous carbonate) likely dissolving rapidly. Results further indicate that fisheries exploitation in The Bahamas has potentially reduced fish carbonate production by up to 58% in certain habitats, whilst also driving a deviation from natural phase proportions. These findings have evident implications for understanding sedimentary processes in shallow warm-water carbonate provinces. We further speculate that marked phase heterogeneity may be a hitherto unrecognised feature of fish carbonates across a wide range of neritic and oceanic settings, with potentially major implications for understanding their role in global marine inorganic carbon cycling.
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39
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Schauer KL, Grosell M. Fractionation of the Gulf toadfish intestinal precipitate organic matrix reveals potential functions of individual proteins. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 208:35-45. [PMID: 28315772 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms behind the production of CaCO3 in the marine teleost intestine are poorly studied despite being essential for osmoregulation and responsible for a conservatively estimated 3-15% of annual oceanic CaCO3 production. It has recently been reported that the intestinally derived precipitates produced by fish as a byproduct of their osmoregulatory strategy form in conjunction with a proteinaceous matrix containing nearly 150 unique proteins. The individual functions of these proteins have not been the subject of investigation until now. Here, organic matrix was extracted from precipitates produced by Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta) and the matrix proteins were fractionated by their charge using strong anion exchange chromatography. The precipitation regulatory abilities of the individual fractions were then analyzed using a recently developed in vitro calcification assay, and the protein constituents of each fraction were determined by mass spectrometry. The different fractions were found to have differing effects on both the rate of carbonate mineral production, as well as the morphology of the crystals that form. Using data collected from the calcification assay as well as the mass spectrometry experiments, individual calcification promotional indices were calculated for each protein, giving the first insight into the functions each of these matrix proteins may play in regulating precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Schauer
- Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
| | - Martin Grosell
- Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA.
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40
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Blanchard JL, Heneghan RF, Everett JD, Trebilco R, Richardson AJ. From Bacteria to Whales: Using Functional Size Spectra to Model Marine Ecosystems. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:174-186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Ruiz-Jarabo I, Gregório SF, Gaetano P, Trischitta F, Fuentes J. High rates of intestinal bicarbonate secretion in seawater tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2017; 207:57-64. [PMID: 28238831 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osmoregulation in fish is a complex process that requires the orchestrated cooperation of many tissues. In fish facing hyperosmotic environments, the intestinal absorption of some monovalent ions and the secretion of bicarbonate are key processes to favor water absorption. In the present study, we showed that bicarbonate levels in the intestinal fluid are several fold higher in seawater than in freshwater acclimated tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). In addition, we analyzed gene expression of the main molecular mechanisms involved in HCO3- movements i.e. slc26a6, slc26a3, slc4a4 and v-type H-ATPase sub C in the intestine of tilapia acclimated to both seawater and freshwater. Our results show an anterior/posterior functional regionalization of the intestine in tilapia in terms of expression patterns, which is affected by environmental salinity mostly in the anterior and mid intestine. Analysis of bicarbonate secretion using pH-Stat in tissues mounted in Ussing chambers reveals high rates of bicarbonate secretion in tilapia acclimated to seawater from anterior intestine to rectum ranging between ~900 and ~1700nmolHCO3-cm-2h-1. However, a relationship between the expression of slc26a6, slc26a3, slc4a4 and the rate of bicarbonate secretion seems to be compromised in the rectum. In this region, the low expression of the bicarbonate transporters could not explain the high bicarbonate secretion rates here described. However, we postulate that the elevated v-type H-ATPase mRNA expression in the rectum could be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ruiz-Jarabo
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - S F Gregório
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - P Gaetano
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - F Trischitta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - J Fuentes
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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42
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Drazen JC, Sutton TT. Dining in the Deep: The Feeding Ecology of Deep-Sea Fishes. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2017; 9:337-366. [PMID: 27814034 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-010816-060543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea fishes inhabit ∼75% of the biosphere and are a critical part of deep-sea food webs. Diet analysis and more recent trophic biomarker approaches, such as stable isotopes and fatty-acid profiles, have enabled the description of feeding guilds and an increased recognition of the vertical connectivity in food webs in a whole-water-column sense, including benthic-pelagic coupling. Ecosystem modeling requires data on feeding rates; the available estimates indicate that deep-sea fishes have lower per-individual feeding rates than coastal and epipelagic fishes, but the overall predation impact may be high. A limited number of studies have measured the vertical flux of carbon by mesopelagic fishes, which appears to be substantial. Anthropogenic activities are altering deep-sea ecosystems and their services, which are mediated by trophic interactions. We also summarize outstanding data gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C Drazen
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822;
| | - Tracey T Sutton
- Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida 33004;
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43
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Davenport J. Crying a river: how much salt-laden jelly can a leatherback turtle really eat? J Exp Biol 2017; 220:1737-1744. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.155150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Leatherback turtles (Dermochelys coriacea) are capital breeders that accumulate blubber (33 kJ g wet mass−1) by hyperphagia on a gelatinous diet at high latitudes; they breed in the tropics. A jellyfish diet is energy-poor (0.1–0.2 kJ g wet mass−1), so leatherbacks must ingest large quantities. Two published estimates of feeding rate (50% body mass d−1 (on Rhizostoma pulmo), 73% body mass d−1 (on Cyanea capillata)) have been criticised as too high. Jellyfish have high salt and water contents that must be removed to access organic material and energy. Most salt is removed (as NaCl) by paired lachrymal salt glands. Divalent ions are lost via the gut. In this study the size of adult salt glands (0.622 kg for a 450kg turtle; relatively 3 times the size of salt glands in cheloniid turtles) is measured for the first time by CT scanning. Various published values for leatherback field metabolic rate (FMR), body fluid composition and likely blubber accumulation rates are combined with known jellyfish salt, water and organic compositions to calculate feasible salt gland secretion rates and feeding rates. The results indicate that leatherbacks can produce about 10–15 ml secretion g salt gland mass−1 h−1 (tear osmolality 1800 mOsm kg−1). This will permit consumption of 80 % body mass d−1 of Cyanea capillata. Calculations suggest that leatherbacks will find it difficult/impossible to accumulate sufficient blubber for reproduction in a single feeding season. Rapid jellyfish digestion and short gut transit times are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Davenport
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, North Mall Campus, Distillery Fields, Cork, Ireland
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44
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Brijs J, Sandblom E, Dekens E, Näslund J, Ekström A, Axelsson M. Cardiac remodeling and increased central venous pressure underlie elevated stroke volume and cardiac output of seawater-acclimated rainbow trout. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R31-R39. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00374.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substantial increases in cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), and gastrointestinal blood flow are essential for euryhaline rainbow trout ( Oncorhyncus mykiss) osmoregulation in seawater. However, the underlying hemodynamic mechanisms responsible for these changes are unknown. By examining a range of circulatory and cardiac morphological variables of seawater- and freshwater-acclimated rainbow trout, the present study revealed a significantly higher central venous pressure (CVP) in seawater-acclimated trout (~0.09 vs. −0.02 kPa). This serves to increase cardiac end-diastolic volume in seawater and explains the elevations in SV (~0.41 vs. 0.27 ml/kg) and CO (~21.5 vs. 14.2 ml·min−1·kg−1) when compared with trout in freshwater. Furthermore, these hemodynamic modifications coincided with a significant increase in the proportion of compact myocardium, which may be necessary to compensate for the increased wall tension associated with a larger stroke volume. Following a temperature increase from 10 to 16.5°C, both acclimation groups exhibited similar increases in heart rate (Q10 of ~2), but SV tended to decrease in seawater-acclimated trout despite the fact that CVP was maintained in both groups. This resulted in CO of seawater- and freshwater-acclimated trout stabilizing at a similar level after warming (~26 ml·min−1·kg−1). The consistently higher CVP of seawater-acclimated trout suggests that factors other than compromised cardiac filling constrained the SV and CO of these individuals at high temperatures. The present study highlights, for the first time, the complex interacting effects of temperature and water salinity on cardiovascular responses in a euryhaline fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Brijs
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Esmée Dekens
- Institute for Life Sciences and Chemistry, University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Joacim Näslund
- Faculty of Science, Department of Ecosystem Biology, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Andreas Ekström
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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45
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Ruiz-Jarabo I, Barany A, Jerez-Cepa I, Mancera JM, Fuentes J. Intestinal response to salinity challenge in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 204:57-64. [PMID: 27865855 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fish are continuously forced to actively absorb or expel water and ions through epithelia. Most studies have focused on the gill due to its role in Na+ and Cl- trafficking. However, comparatively few studies have focused on the changing function of the intestine in response to external salinity. Therefore, the present study investigated the main intestinal changes of long-term acclimation of the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) to 5, 15, 38 and 55ppt. Through the measurement of short-circuit current (Isc) in Ussing chambers and biochemical approaches, we described a clear anterior/posterior functional regionalization of the intestine in response to salinity. The use of specific inhibitors in Ussing chamber experiments, revealed that the bumetanide-sensitive Na+/K+/Cl- co-transporters are the main effectors of Cl- uptake in both anterior intestine and rectum. Additionally, the use of the anion exchanger specific inhibitor, DIDS, showed a salinity/region dependency of anion exchanger function. Moreover, we also described ouabain-sensitive Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) and Bafilomycin A1-sensitive H+-ATPase activities (HA), which displayed changes related to salinity and intestinal region. However, the most striking result of the present study is the description of an omeprazole-sensitive H+/K+-ATPase (HKA) in the rectum of Senegalese sole. Its activity was consistently measurable and increased at lower salinities, reaching rates even higher than those of the NKA. Together our results provide new insights into the changing role of the intestine in response to external salinity in teleost fish. The rectal activity of HKA offers an alternative/cooperative mechanism with the HA in the final processing of intestinal water absorption by apical titration of secreted bicarbonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ruiz-Jarabo
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - A Barany
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - I Jerez-Cepa
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J M Mancera
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Ambientales, Universidad de Cádiz, 11510, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - J Fuentes
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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46
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McKenzie DJ, Axelsson M, Chabot D, Claireaux G, Cooke SJ, Corner RA, De Boeck G, Domenici P, Guerreiro PM, Hamer B, Jørgensen C, Killen SS, Lefevre S, Marras S, Michaelidis B, Nilsson GE, Peck MA, Perez-Ruzafa A, Rijnsdorp AD, Shiels HA, Steffensen JF, Svendsen JC, Svendsen MBS, Teal LR, van der Meer J, Wang T, Wilson JM, Wilson RW, Metcalfe JD. Conservation physiology of marine fishes: state of the art and prospects for policy. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 4:cow046. [PMID: 27766156 PMCID: PMC5070530 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cow046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The state of the art of research on the environmental physiology of marine fishes is reviewed from the perspective of how it can contribute to conservation of biodiversity and fishery resources. A major constraint to application of physiological knowledge for conservation of marine fishes is the limited knowledge base; international collaboration is needed to study the environmental physiology of a wider range of species. Multifactorial field and laboratory studies on biomarkers hold promise to relate ecophysiology directly to habitat quality and population status. The 'Fry paradigm' could have broad applications for conservation physiology research if it provides a universal mechanism to link physiological function with ecological performance and population dynamics of fishes, through effects of abiotic conditions on aerobic metabolic scope. The available data indicate, however, that the paradigm is not universal, so further research is required on a wide diversity of species. Fish physiologists should interact closely with researchers developing ecological models, in order to investigate how integrating physiological information improves confidence in projecting effects of global change; for example, with mechanistic models that define habitat suitability based upon potential for aerobic scope or outputs of a dynamic energy budget. One major challenge to upscaling from physiology of individuals to the level of species and communities is incorporating intraspecific variation, which could be a crucial component of species' resilience to global change. Understanding what fishes do in the wild is also a challenge, but techniques of biotelemetry and biologging are providing novel information towards effective conservation. Overall, fish physiologists must strive to render research outputs more applicable to management and decision-making. There are various potential avenues for information flow, in the shorter term directly through biomarker studies and in the longer term by collaborating with modellers and fishery biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. McKenzie
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation, UMR MARBEC (CNRS, IRD, IFREMER, UM), Place E. Bataillon cc 093, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 18, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denis Chabot
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Mont-Joli, QC, CanadaG5H 3Z4
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR LEMAR, Unité PFOM-ARN, Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, ZI Pointe du Diable. CS 10070, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Steven J. Cooke
- Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1S 5B6
| | | | - Gudrun De Boeck
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paolo Domenici
- CNR–IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Pedro M. Guerreiro
- CCMAR – Centre for Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Bojan Hamer
- Center for Marine Research, Ruder Boskovic Institute, Giordano Paliaga 5, 52210 Rovinj, Croatia
| | - Christian Jørgensen
- Department of Biology and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Shaun S. Killen
- Institute of Biodiversity,Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical,Veterinary and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sjannie Lefevre
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066,NO-0316 Oslo,Norway
| | - Stefano Marras
- CNR–IAMC, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, 09072 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Göran E. Nilsson
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PO Box 1066,NO-0316 Oslo,Norway
| | - Myron A. Peck
- Institute for Hydrobiology and Fisheries Science, University of Hamburg, Olbersweg 24, Hamburg 22767, Germany
| | - Angel Perez-Ruzafa
- Department of Ecology and Hydrology, Faculty of Biology, Espinardo, Regional Campus of International Excellence ‘Campus Mare Nostrum’, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriaan D. Rijnsdorp
- IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - John F. Steffensen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Jon C. Svendsen
- Section for Ecosystem-based Marine Management, National Institute of Aquatic Resources (DTU-Aqua), Technical University of Denmark, Jægersborg Allé 1, DK-2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark
| | - Morten B. S. Svendsen
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000 Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Lorna R. Teal
- IMARES, Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies, PO Box 68, 1970 AB IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap van der Meer
- Department of Coastal Systems, NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, PO Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Wang
- Department of Zoophysiology, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rod W. Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, ExeterEX4 4QD, UK
| | - Julian D. Metcalfe
- Centre for Environment,Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
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47
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Schauer KL, LeMoine CMR, Pelin A, Corradi N, Warren WC, Grosell M, McDonald MD. A proteinaceous organic matrix regulates carbonate mineral production in the marine teleost intestine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34494. [PMID: 27694946 PMCID: PMC5046086 DOI: 10.1038/srep34494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine teleost fish produce CaCO3 in their intestine as part of their osmoregulatory strategy. This precipitation is critical for rehydration and survival of the largest vertebrate group on earth, yet the molecular mechanisms that regulate this reaction are unknown. Here, we isolate and characterize an organic matrix associated with the intestinal precipitates produced by Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta). Toadfish precipitates were purified using two different methods, and the associated organic matrix was extracted. Greater than 150 proteins were identified in the isolated matrix by mass spectrometry and subsequent database searching using an O. beta transcriptomic sequence library produced here. Many of the identified proteins were enriched in the matrix compared to the intestinal fluid, and three showed no substantial homology to any previously characterized protein in the NCBI database. To test the functionality of the isolated matrix, a micro-modified in vitro calcification assay was designed, which revealed that low concentrations of isolated matrix substantially promoted CaCO3 production, where high concentrations showed an inhibitory effect. High concentrations of matrix also decreased the incorporation of magnesium into the forming mineral, potentially providing an explanation for the variability in magnesium content observed in precipitates produced by different fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Schauer
- Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Christophe M R LeMoine
- Department of Biology, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R7A 6A9, Canada.,Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Corradi
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Wesley C Warren
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63108, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
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48
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Heuer RM, Grosell M. Elevated CO 2 increases energetic cost and ion movement in the marine fish intestine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34480. [PMID: 27682149 PMCID: PMC5041088 DOI: 10.1038/srep34480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic costs associated with ion and acid-base regulation in response to ocean acidification have been predicted to decrease the energy available to fish for basic life processes. However, the low cost of ion regulation (6-15% of standard metabolic rate) and inherent variation associated with whole-animal metabolic rate measurements have made it difficult to consistently demonstrate such a cost. Here we aimed to gain resolution in assessing the energetic demand associated with acid-base regulation by examining ion movement and O2 consumption rates of isolated intestinal tissue from Gulf toadfish acclimated to control or 1900 μatm CO2 (projected for year 2300). The active marine fish intestine absorbs ions from ingested seawater in exchange for HCO3- to maintain water balance. We demonstrate that CO2 exposure causes a 13% increase of intestinal HCO3- secretion that the animal does not appear to regulate. Isolated tissue from CO2-exposed toadfish also exhibited an 8% higher O2 consumption rate than tissue from controls. These findings show that compensation for CO2 leads to a seemingly maladaptive persistent base (HCO3-) loss that incurs an energetic expense at the tissue level. Sustained increases to baseline metabolic rate could lead to energetic reallocations away from other life processes at the whole-animal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Heuer
- University of Miami- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- University of Miami- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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49
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Heuer RM, Munley KM, Narsinghani N, Wingar JA, Mackey T, Grosell M. Changes to Intestinal Transport Physiology and Carbonate Production at Various CO2Levels in a Marine Teleost, the Gulf Toadfish (Opsanus beta). Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 89:402-16. [DOI: 10.1086/688235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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50
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Hu MY, Michael K, Kreiss CM, Stumpp M, Dupont S, Tseng YC, Lucassen M. Temperature Modulates the Effects of Ocean Acidification on Intestinal Ion Transport in Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua. Front Physiol 2016; 7:198. [PMID: 27313538 PMCID: PMC4889603 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CO2-driven seawater acidification has been demonstrated to enhance intestinal bicarbonate secretion rates in teleosts, leading to an increased release of CaCO3 under simulated ocean acidification scenarios. In this study, we investigated if increasing CO2 levels stimulate the intestinal acid–base regulatory machinery of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and whether temperatures at the upper limit of thermal tolerance stimulate or counteract ion regulatory capacities. Juvenile G. morhua were acclimated for 4 weeks to three CO2 levels (550, 1200, and 2200 μatm) covering present and near-future natural variability, at optimum (10°C) and summer maximum temperature (18°C), respectively. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the subcellular localization of ion transporters, including Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA), Na+/H+-exchanger 3 (NHE3), Na+/HCO3− cotransporter (NBC1), pendrin-like Cl−/HCO3− exchanger (SLC26a6), V-type H+-ATPase subunit a (VHA), and Cl− channel 3 (CLC3) in epithelial cells of the anterior intestine. At 10°C, proteins and mRNA were generally up-regulated for most transporters in the intestinal epithelium after acclimation to higher CO2 levels. This supports recent findings demonstrating increased intestinal HCO3− secretion rates in response to CO2 induced seawater acidification. At 18°C, mRNA expression and protein concentrations of most ion transporters remained unchanged or were even decreased, suggesting thermal compensation. This response may be energetically favorable to retain blood HCO3− levels to stabilize pHe, but may negatively affect intestinal salt and water resorption of marine teleosts in future oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Y Hu
- Institute of Physiology, University of Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Katharina Michael
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Cornelia M Kreiss
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Meike Stumpp
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel Kiel, Germany
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, The Sven Lovén Centre for Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yung-Che Tseng
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Magnus Lucassen
- Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Alfred Wegener Institute Bremerhaven, Germany
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