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Mohammad Taheri M, Javan F, Poudineh M, Athari SS. Beyond CAR-T: The rise of CAR-NK cell therapy in asthma immunotherapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:736. [PMID: 39103889 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Asthma poses a major public health burden. While existing asthma drugs manage symptoms for many, some patients remain resistant. The lack of a cure, especially for severe asthma, compels exploration of novel therapies. Cancer immunotherapy successes with CAR-T cells suggest its potential for asthma treatment. Researchers are exploring various approaches for allergic diseases including membrane-bound IgE, IL-5, PD-L2, and CTLA-4 for asthma, and Dectin-1 for fungal asthma. NK cells offer several advantages over T cells for CAR-based immunotherapy. They offer key benefits: (1) HLA compatibility, meaning they can be used in a wider range of patients without the need for matching tissue types. (2) Minimal side effects (CRS and GVHD) due to their limited persistence and cytokine profile. (3) Scalability for "off-the-shelf" production from various sources. Several strategies have been introduced that highlight the superiority and challenges of CAR-NK cell therapy for asthma treatment including IL-10, IFN-γ, ADCC, perforin-granzyme, FASL, KIR, NCRs (NKP46), DAP, DNAM-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, CCL, NKG2A, TF, and EGFR. Furthermore, we advocate for incorporating AI for CAR design optimization and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology for precise gene manipulation to generate highly effective CAR constructs. This review will delve into the evolution and production of CAR designs, explore pre-clinical and clinical studies of CAR-based therapies in asthma, analyze strategies to optimize CAR-NK cell function, conduct a comparative analysis of CAR-T and CAR-NK cell therapy with their respective challenges, and finally present established novel CAR designs with promising potential for asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Javan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Seyed Shamseddin Athari
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, Zanjan School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 12th Street, Shahrake Karmandan, Zanjan, 45139-561111, Iran.
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2
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Kotb A, Alzahrani H, Alahmari A, Syed Osman Ahmed, Alhayli S, Shaheen M, Chaudhri N, Alsharif F, Hanbali A, Alfraih F, Alshaibani A, Albabtain AA, Alfayez M, Alotaibi AS, Elhassan T, Rasheed W, Almohareb F, Aljurf M, El Fakih R. Incidence and risk factors for secondary graft failure in uniformly treated patients with severe aplastic anemia receiving fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for conditioning and matched sibling bone marrow graft as stem cell source. Cytotherapy 2023; 25:1331-1337. [PMID: 37737766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Graft failure after allogeneic transplant for aplastic anemia is problematic. The risk of graft failure depends on multiple variables, including the preparative regimen, donor type, stem cell dose and source among other variables. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with aplastic anemia who underwent matched-sibling allogeneic transplant at a single center. RESULTS We identified 82 patients who fit the inclusion criteria. One had primary graft failure and was excluded from this analysis. The recipient median age was 22 years. The donor median age was 23 years. The median time from diagnosis to transplant was 1.6 months. The median number of red cell transfusions before transplant was nine. The median number of platelet transfusions before transplant was 18. Thirteen patients developed secondary graft failure, with a cumulative incidence at 5 years of 16% and median time to develop secondary graft failure of 129 days. All patients engrafted with a median time for neutrophil engraftment of 19 days and a median time for platelet engraftment of 22 days. The survival of patients with or without secondary graft failure was not different. Major or bidirectional ABO incompatibility and older recipient age were statistically significantly associated with greater risk of secondary graft failure. CONCLUSIONS Secondary graft failure is a significant complication after allogeneic transplant for SAA. Identification of recipients at risk and mitigating the potential risks of this complication is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kotb
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hematology Unit, Department of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hazzaa Alzahrani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alahmari
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Osman Ahmed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alhayli
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwan Shaheen
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Chaudhri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alsharif
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Hanbali
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Alfraih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfadel Alshaibani
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mansour Alfayez
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Alotaibi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tusneem Elhassan
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Rasheed
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almohareb
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riad El Fakih
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; School of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Hamdan F, Cerullo V. Cancer immunotherapies: A hope for the uncurable? FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2023; 3:1140977. [PMID: 39086690 PMCID: PMC11285639 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2023.1140977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
The use of cancer immunotherapies is not novel but has been used over the decades in the clinic. Only recently have we found the true potential of stimulating an anti-tumor response after the breakthrough of checkpoint inhibitors. Cancer immunotherapies have become the first line treatment for many malignancies at various stages. Nevertheless, the clinical results in terms of overall survival and progression free survival were not as anticipated. Majority of cancer patients do not respond to immunotherapies and the reasons differ. Hence, further improvements for cancer immunotherapies are crucially needed. In the review, we will discuss various forms of cancer immunotherapies that are being tested or already in the clinic. Moreover, we also highlight future directions to improve such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas Hamdan
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincenzo Cerullo
- Laboratory of Immunovirotherapy, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TRIMM, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Delivery, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology and CEINGE, Naples University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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4
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Sounbuli K, Mironova N, Alekseeva L. Diverse Neutrophil Functions in Cancer and Promising Neutrophil-Based Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415827. [PMID: 36555469 PMCID: PMC9779721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the most abundant cell type of leukocytes in the human blood and have been considered a vital player in the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Recently, several studies showed that neutrophils play an active role in the immune response during cancer development. They exhibited both pro-oncogenic and anti-tumor activities under the influence of various mediators in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils can be divided into several subpopulations, thus contradicting the traditional concept of neutrophils as a homogeneous population with a specific function in the innate immunity and opening new horizons for cancer therapy. Despite the promising achievements in this field, a full understanding of tumor-neutrophil interplay is currently lacking. In this review, we try to summarize the current view on neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer, discuss the different communication pathways between tumors and neutrophils, and focus on the implementation of these new findings to develop promising neutrophil-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Sounbuli
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-61
| | - Ludmila Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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5
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Awad RM, Meeus F, Ceuppens H, Ertveldt T, Hanssens H, Lecocq Q, Mateusiak L, Zeven K, Valenta H, De Groof TWM, De Vlaeminck Y, Krasniqi A, De Veirman K, Goyvaerts C, D'Huyvetter M, Hernot S, Devoogdt N, Breckpot K. Emerging applications of nanobodies in cancer therapy. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 369:143-199. [PMID: 35777863 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2022.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease, requiring treatment tailored to the unique phenotype of the patient's tumor. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and variants thereof have enabled targeted therapies to selectively target cancer cells. Cancer cell-specific mAbs have been used for image-guided surgery and targeted delivery of radionuclides or toxic agents, improving classical treatment strategies. Cancer cell-specific mAbs can further inhibit tumor cell growth or can stimulate immune-mediated destruction of cancer cells, a feature that has also been achieved through mAb-mediated manipulation of immune cells and pathways. Drawbacks of mAbs and their variants, together with the discovery of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies and the many advantageous features of their variable domains, referred to as VHHs, single domain antibodies or nanobodies (Nbs), resulted in the exploration of Nbs as an alternative targeting moiety. We therefore review the state-of-the-art as well as novel exploitation strategies of Nbs for targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Maximilian Awad
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fien Meeus
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannelore Ceuppens
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Ertveldt
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heleen Hanssens
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Lecocq
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lukasz Mateusiak
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Katty Zeven
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hana Valenta
- Lab for Nanobiology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yannick De Vlaeminck
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ahmet Krasniqi
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Laboratory for Hematology and Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cleo Goyvaerts
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hernot
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Medical Imaging, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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6
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The development and kinetics of functional antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Virology 2021; 559:1-9. [PMID: 33774551 PMCID: PMC7975276 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, functional non-neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), are poorly understood. We developed an ADCC assay utilizing a stably transfected, dual-reporter target cell line with inducible expression of a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on the cell surface. Using this assay, we analyzed 61 convalescent serum samples from adults with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and 15 samples from healthy uninfected controls. We found that 56 of 61 convalescent serum samples induced ADCC killing of SARS-CoV-2 S target cells, whereas none of the 15 healthy controls had detectable ADCC. We then found a modest decline in ADCC titer over a median 3-month follow-up in 21 patients who had serial samples available for analysis. We confirmed that the antibody-dependent target cell lysis was mediated primarily via the NK FcγRIIIa receptor (CD16). This ADCC assay had high sensitivity and specificity for detecting serologic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2.
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7
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Anderko RR, Rinaldo CR, Mailliard RB. IL-18 Responsiveness Defines Limitations in Immune Help for Specialized FcRγ - NK Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:3429-3442. [PMID: 33188073 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite being prolific innate killers, NK cells are also key helper cells in antiviral defense, influencing adaptive immune responses via interactions with dendritic cells (DCs). In addition to causing NK cell dysfunction, HIV-1 infection contributes to the expansion of a rare population of NK cells deficient in FcRγ (FcRγ-), an intracellular adaptor protein that associates with CD16. The implications of this inflated NK cell subset in treated HIV-1 infection remain unclear. In this study, we explored the helper function of human NK cells in chronic HIV-1 infection, with a particular focus on characterizing FcRγ- NK cells. Exposure of NK cells to innate DC-derived costimulatory factors triggered their helper activity, defined by their ability to produce IFN-γ and to drive the maturation of high IL-12-producing DCs. In this setting, however, FcRγ- NK cells were defective at producing the dominant DC-polarizing agent IFN-γ. The reduced responsiveness of FcRγ- NK cells to IL-18 in particular, which was attributable to impaired inducible expression of IL-18Rα, extended beyond an inability to produce IFN-γ, as FcRγ- NK cells showed limited potential to differentiate into CD16-/CD25+/CD83+ helper cells. Notwithstanding their deficiencies in responsiveness to innate environmental cues, FcRγ- NK cells responded robustly to adaptive Ab-mediated signaling through CD16. The presence of an expanded population of FcRγ- NK cells with a diminished capacity to respond to IL-18 and to effectively modulate DC function may contribute to disturbances in proper immune homeostasis associated with HIV-1 infection and to defects in the initiation of optimal adaptive antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee R Anderko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Charles R Rinaldo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Robbie B Mailliard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
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8
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Zahavi D, Weiner L. Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2020; 9:E34. [PMID: 32698317 PMCID: PMC7551545 DOI: 10.3390/antib9030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy is now considered to be a main component of cancer therapy, alongside surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies possess a diverse set of clinically relevant mechanisms of action. In addition, antibodies can directly target tumor cells while simultaneously promoting the induction of long-lasting anti-tumor immune responses. The multifaceted properties of antibodies as a therapeutic platform have led to the development of new cancer treatment strategies that will have major impacts on cancer care. This review focuses on the known mechanisms of action, current clinical applications for the treatment of cancer, and mechanisms of resistance of monoclonal antibody therapy. We further discuss how monoclonal antibody-based strategies have moved towards enhancing anti-tumor immune responses by targeting immune cells instead of tumor antigens as well as some of the current combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zahavi
- Tumor Biology Training Program, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA;
| | - Louis Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Medical Center, 3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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9
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Gao R, Sheng Z, Sreenivasan CC, Wang D, Li F. Influenza A Virus Antibodies with Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Function. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030276. [PMID: 32121563 PMCID: PMC7150983 DOI: 10.3390/v12030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza causes millions of cases of hospitalizations annually and remains a public health concern on a global scale. Vaccines are developed and have proven to be the most effective countermeasures against influenza infection. Their efficacy has been largely evaluated by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers exhibited by vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies, which correlate fairly well with vaccine-conferred protection. Contrarily, non-neutralizing antibodies and their therapeutic potential are less well defined, yet, recent advances in anti-influenza antibody research indicate that non-neutralizing Fc-effector activities, especially antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), also serve as a critical mechanism in antibody-mediated anti-influenza host response. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with Fc-effector activities have the potential for prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of influenza infection. Inducing mAbs mediated Fc-effector functions could be a complementary or alternative approach to the existing neutralizing antibody-based prevention and therapy. This review mainly discusses recent advances in Fc-effector functions, especially ADCC and their potential role in influenza countermeasures. Considering the complexity of anti-influenza approaches, future vaccines may need a cocktail of immunogens in order to elicit antibodies with broad-spectrum protection via multiple protective mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptive Immunity
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Influenza A virus/immunology
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/prevention & control
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Structure-Activity Relationship
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Gao
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA;
| | - Chithra C. Sreenivasan
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.L.)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (R.G.); (C.C.S.)
- BioSNTR, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence: (D.W.); (F.L.)
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10
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Marei HE, Althani A, Caceci T, Arriga R, Sconocchia T, Ottaviani A, Lanzilli G, Roselli M, Caratelli S, Cenciarelli C, Sconocchia G. Recent perspective on CAR and Fcγ-CR T cell immunotherapy for cancers: Preclinical evidence versus clinical outcomes. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:335-346. [PMID: 31176617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) immunotherapy currently represents a hot research trend and it is expected to revolutionize the field of cancer therapy. Promising outcomes have been achieved using CAR-T cell therapy for haematological malignancies. Despite encouraging results, several challenges still pose eminent hurdles before being fully recognized. Directing CAR-T cells to target a single tumour associated antigen (TAA) as the case in haematological malignancies might be much simpler than targeting the extensive inhibitory microenvironments associated with solid tumours. This review focuses on the basic principles involved in development of CAR-T cells, emphasizing the differences between humoral IgG, T-cell receptors, CAR and Fcγ-CR constructs. It also highlights the complex inhibitory network that is usually associated with solid tumours, and tackles recent advances in the clinical studies that have provided great hope for the future use of CAR-T cell immunotherapy. While current Fcγ-CR T cell immunotherapy is in pre-clinical stage, is expected to provide a sound therapeutic approach to add to existing classical chemo- and radio-therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E Marei
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35116, Egypt.
| | - Asma Althani
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Thomas Caceci
- Biomedical Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Roberto Arriga
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Sconocchia
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Chair of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Mario Roselli
- Department of Systems Medicine, Endocrinology and Medical Oncology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Caratelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology-CNR, Rome, Italy
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11
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Zahavi D, AlDeghaither D, O'Connell A, Weiner LM. Enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: a strategy for improving antibody-based immunotherapy. Antib Ther 2018; 1:7-12. [PMID: 33928217 PMCID: PMC7990127 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tby002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The targeting of surface antigens expressed on tumor cells by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. One mechanism of action of antibody-based immunotherapy is the activation of immune effector cells to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). This review will summarize the process of ADCC, its important role in the efficacy of mAb therapy, how to measure it, and finally future strategies for antibody design that can take advantage of it to improve clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zahavi
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Dalal AlDeghaither
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Allison O'Connell
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Louis M Weiner
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center,3800 Reservoir Rd NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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12
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Stambrook PJ, Maher J, Farzaneh F. Cancer Immunotherapy: Whence and Whither. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:635-650. [PMID: 28356330 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current concepts and practice of cancer immunotherapy evolved from classical experiments that distinguished "self" from "non-self" and the finding that humoral immunity is complemented by cellular immunity. Elucidation of the biology underlying immune checkpoints and interactions between ligands and ligand receptors that govern the immune system's ability to recognize tumor cells as foreign has led to the emergence of new strategies that mobilize the immune system to reverse this apparent tolerance. Some of these approaches have led to new therapies such as the use of mAbs to interfere with the immune checkpoint. Others have exploited molecular technologies to reengineer a subset of T cells to directly engage and kill tumor cells, particularly those of B-cell malignancies. However, before immunotherapy can become a more effective method of cancer care, there are many challenges that remain to be addressed and hurdles to overcome. Included are manipulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance T effector cell infiltration and access to the tumor, augmentation of tumor MHC expression for adequate presentation of tumor associated antigens, regulation of cytokines and their potential adverse effects, and reduced risk of secondary malignancies as a consequence of mutations generated by the various forms of genetic engineering of immune cells. Despite these challenges, the future of immunotherapy as a standard anticancer therapy is encouraging. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 635-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - John Maher
- Kings College London, CAR Mechanics Group, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Haematological Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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Calder EA, Penhale WJ, Irvine WJ. Autoimmunity in Diseases of the Thyroid, Adrenals and Gonads in Man. Proc R Soc Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/003591577506800428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Calder
- Department of Endocrinology, University Department of Therapeutics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Immunology Laboratories, 2 Forrest Road, Edinburgh
| | - W J Penhale
- Department of Endocrinology, University Department of Therapeutics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Immunology Laboratories, 2 Forrest Road, Edinburgh
| | - W J Irvine
- Department of Endocrinology, University Department of Therapeutics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Immunology Laboratories, 2 Forrest Road, Edinburgh
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Abstract
The capacity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to eliminate virtually any target cell has resulted in the widespread introduction of cytotoxic antibodies into the clinic in settings of cancer therapy, autoimmunity, and transplantation, for example. More recently, it has become apparent that also the protection from viral infection via IgG antibodies may require cytotoxic effector functions, suggesting that antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) directed against malignant or virally infected cells is one of the most essential effector mechanisms triggered by IgG antibodies to protect the host. A detailed understanding of the underlying molecular and cellular pathways is critical, therefore, to make full use of this antibody effector function. Several studies over the last years have provided novel insights into the effector pathways and innate immune effector cells responsible for ADCC reactions. One of the most notable outcomes of many of these reports is that cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system rather than natural killer cells are critical for removal of IgG opsonized target cells in vivo.
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Olsson RF, Logan BR, Chaudhury S, Zhu X, Akpek G, Bolwell BJ, Bredeson CN, Dvorak CC, Gupta V, Ho VT, Lazarus HM, Marks DI, Ringdén OTH, Pasquini MC, Schriber JR, Cooke KR. Primary graft failure after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies. Leukemia 2015; 29:1754-62. [PMID: 25772027 PMCID: PMC4527886 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcomes after primary graft failure (PGF) remain poor. Here we present a large retrospective analysis (n=23,272) which investigates means to prevent PGF and early detection of patients at high risk. In patients with hematologic malignancies, who underwent their first myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, PGF was reported in 1,278 (5.5%), and there was a marked difference in PGFs using peripheral blood stem cell compared to bone marrow grafts (2.5 vs. 7.3%; P<0.001). A 4-fold increase of PGF was observed in myeloproliferative disorders compared to acute leukemia (P<0.001). Other risk factors for PGF included recipient age below 30, HLA-mismatch, male recipients of female donor grafts, ABO-incompatibility, busulfan/cyclophosphamide conditioning, and cryopreservation. In bone marrow transplants, total nucleated cell doses ≤2.4 × 108/kg were associated with PGF (OR 1.39; P<0.001). The use of tacrolimus-based immunosuppression and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor were associated with decreased PGF risk. These data, allow clinicians to do more informed choices with respect to graft source, donor selection, conditioning and immunosuppressive regimens to reduce the risk of PGF. Moreover, a novel risk score determined on day 21 post-transplant may provide the rationale for an early request for additional hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R F Olsson
- 1] Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Centre for Clinical Research Sörmland, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B R Logan
- 1] CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA [2] Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health and Society, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - S Chaudhury
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant, Department of Pediatrics, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - X Zhu
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - G Akpek
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA
| | - B J Bolwell
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - C N Bredeson
- The Ottawa Hospital Blood and Marrow Transplant Program and the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C C Dvorak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - V Gupta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - V T Ho
- Center for Hematologic Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H M Lazarus
- Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - D I Marks
- Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - O T H Ringdén
- 1] Division of Therapeutic Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M C Pasquini
- CIBMTR (Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research), Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J R Schriber
- 1] Cancer Transplant Institute, Virginia G Piper Cancer Center, Scottsdale, AZ, USA [2] Arizona Oncology, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - K R Cooke
- Pediatric Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Li L, Gao F, Ye J, Chen Z, Li Q, Gao W, Ji L, Zhang R, Tang B. FRET-Based Biofriendly Apo-GOx-Modified Gold Nanoprobe for Specific and Sensitive Glucose Sensing and Cellular Imaging. Anal Chem 2013; 85:9721-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4021227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Jian Ye
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Qingling Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Wen Gao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Lifei Ji
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Ruirui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and
Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key
Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
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Abstract
Graft failure may contribute to increased morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (allo-HSCT). Here, we present risk factors for graft failure in all first allo-HSCTs performed at our center from 1995 to mid-2010 (n=967). Graft failure was defined as >95% recipient cells any time after engraftment with no signs of relapse, or re-transplantation because of primary or secondary neutropenia (<0.5 × 10(9)/L) and/or thrombocytopenia (<30 × 10(9)/L). Fifty-four patients (5.6%) experienced graft failure. The majority were because of autologous reconstitution (n=43), and only a few patients underwent re-transplantation because of primary (n=6) or secondary (n=5) graft failures. In non-malignant disorders, graft failure had no effect on survival, whereas in malignant disease graft failure was associated with reduced 5-year survival (22 vs 53%, P<0.01). In multivariate analysis, ex vivo T-cell depletion (relative risk (RR) 8.82, P<0.001), HLA-mismatched grafts (RR 7.64, P<0.001), non-malignant disorders (RR 3.32, P<0.01) and reduced-intensity conditioning (RR 2.58, P<0.01) increased the risk for graft failure, whereas graft failures were prevented by total nucleated cell doses of ≥ 2.5 × 10(8)/kg (RR 0.36, P<0.01). In conclusion, graft failure was only associated with inferior survival in malignant disease. Non-malignant disorders, HLA match, conditioning intensity, immunosuppression regimen and cell dose all influenced graft failure risk.
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Li S, Davis EN, Huang X, Song B, Peltzman R, Sims DM, Lin Q, Wang Q. Synthesis and development of poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid polymer fluid for potential application in affinity sensing of glucose. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2011; 5:1060-7. [PMID: 22027298 PMCID: PMC3208861 DOI: 10.1177/193229681100500506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In previous work, we described viscosity and permittivity microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) using poly[acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (PAA-ran-PAAPBA). In order to enhance our MEMS device antifouling properties, a novel, more hydrophilic polymer-sensing fluid was developed. METHOD To optimize sensing performance, we synthesized biocompatible copolymers poly(N-hydroxyethyl acrylamide)-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid (PHEAA-ran-PAAPBA) and developed its sensing fluid for viscosity-based glucose sensing. Key factors such as polymer composition and molecular weight were investigated in order to optimize viscometric responses. RESULTS Compared with PAA-ran-PAAPBA fluid of a similar binding moiety percentage, PHEAA-ran-PAAPBA showed comparable high binding specificity to glucose in a reversible manner and even better performance in glucose sensing in terms of glucose sensing range (27-468 mg/ml) and sensitivity (within 3% standard error of estimate). Preliminary experiment on a MEMS viscometer demonstrated that the polymer fluid was able to sense the glucose concentration. CONCLUSIONS Our MEMS systems using PHEAA-ran-PAAPBA will possess enhanced implantable traits necessary to enable CGM in subcutaneous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
| | - Erin N Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia UniversityNew York, New York
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia UniversityNew York, New York
| | - Rebecca Peltzman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
| | - David M Sims
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
| | - Qiao Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia UniversityNew York, New York
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South CarolinaColumbia, South Carolina
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Immune modulation to prevent antibody-mediated rejection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2011; 25:153-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 06/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wu Z, Zhang S, Zhang X, Shu S, Chu T, Yu D. Phenylboronic Acid Grafted Chitosan as a Glucose-Sensitive Vehicle for Controlled Insulin Release. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:2278-86. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Möller G, Lundgren G, Zukoski C, Beckman V. Interaction between Allogeneic Cells of Human Origin: anIn VitroModel for Graft Rejection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/00365596709133540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mattsson J, Ringdén O, Storb R. Graft failure after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 14:165-70. [PMID: 18162238 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2007.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Graft failure is a significant complication following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). It may result from rejection caused by recipient T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, or antibodies. It is increased in HLA-mismatched grafts, unrelated grafts, T cell-replete transplants, sensitized patients, and in patients treated with reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC). In recipients of unrelated grafts, graft failure is increased in patients receiving major AB0 blood group mismatched transplants (P = .008). Recent data also suggest that donor-specific antibodies to CD34(+)/VEGFR-2(+) cells may be involved in graft failure after alloHCT. Graft failure may be overcome by more intensified conditioning, increased cell dose, or more effective immunosuppression. With more frequent use of RIC, cord blood grafts and other HLA-mismatched transplants, graft failure is an increasing problem after alloHCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Mattsson
- Center for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li S, Davis EN, Anderson J, Lin Q, Wang Q. Development of boronic acid grafted random copolymer sensing fluid for continuous glucose monitoring. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:113-8. [PMID: 19067585 PMCID: PMC2633622 DOI: 10.1021/bm8009768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously presented a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) based viscometric sensor for continuous glucose monitoring using protein Concanavalin A (Con A). To address its drawbacks, including immunotoxicity and instability issues, we have synthesized stable, biocompatible copolymers poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA) for viscosity based glucose sensing. We found that PAA-ran-PAAPBA showed very high binding specificity to glucose. Several key factors such as polymer compositions, polymer molecular weights and polymer concentrations have been investigated to optimize viscometric responses. This polymer is able to detect glucose under physiological pH conditions in a reversible manner. Therefore, it has the potential to enable a highly reliable, continuous monitoring of glucose in subcutaneous tissue using the MEMS device.
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Li S, Huang X, Davis EN, Lin Q, Wang Q. Development of novel glucose sensing fluids with potential application to microelectromechanical systems-based continuous glucose monitoring. J Diabetes Sci Technol 2008; 2:1066-74. [PMID: 19885295 PMCID: PMC2769820 DOI: 10.1177/193229680800200615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously presented a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) viscometric sensor for continuous glucose monitoring. The sensing fluid used therein was based on protein concanavalin A, which is known to have significant drawbacks, such as immunotoxicity and instability. To address this issue, a stable, biocompatible polymeric sensing fluid has been developed. METHODS In the polymeric sensing system, glucose reversibly formed strong ester bonds with the phenylboronic acid moiety on the poly(acrylamide-ran-3-acrylamidophenylboronic acid) (PAA-ran-PAAPBA) polymer backbone, resulting in cross-linking of the copolymers and an increase in the solution viscosity. The copolymers were synthesized via classic free radical copolymerization processes. The viscosity of the PAA-ran-PAAPBA, dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline buffer and in the presence of glucose at physiologically relevant concentrations, was measured by an Ubbelodhe viscometer and a prototype MEMS viscometric device. RESULTS Experimental results showed that the polymer molecular weight and composition depended on the solvent quantity, while the sensing fluid viscosity was determined by the polymer molecular weight and percentage composition of PAAPBA. The study of the temperature effect on viscosity showed that the polymer sensed glucose effectively under physiological conditions, although the high temperature lowered its sensitivity. Through proper adjustment of these parameters, a distinctive viscosity increase was observed when the glucose concentration increased from 0 to 450 mg/dl, which was detectable by our prototype MEMS device. CONCLUSIONS We have successfully developed a stable, biocompatible polymeric system for the sensitive detection of glucose. MEMS experiments demonstrated that the sensing fluid was able to sense glucose at different concentrations. This sensing system can potentially enable highly reliable, continuous monitoring of glucose in interstitial fluid from subcutaneous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | | | - Erin N. Davis
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Qiao Lin
- Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Qian Wang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Kaakinen A, Bondevik H, Kiss E, Thorsby E. Antibody induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Studies of human alloantibodies in a micro-plate-test. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2008; 4:346-60. [PMID: 4547140 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1974.tb00260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gewurz H, Clark DS, Finstad J, Kelly WD, Varco RL, Good RA, Gabrielsen AE. ROLE OF THE COMPLEMENT SYSTEM IN GRAFT REJECTIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS AND MAN*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb12887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Festenstein H. ANTIGENIC STRENGTH INVESTIGATED BY MIXED CULTURES OF ALLOGENEIC MOUSE SPLEEN CELLS. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb12878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hellström I, Hellström KE. RECENT STUDIES ON THE MECHANISMS OF THE ALLOGENEIC INHIBITION PHENOMENON*. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1966.tb12889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ballerstadt R, Evans C, Gowda A, McNichols R. In vivo performance evaluation of a transdermal near- infrared fluorescence resonance energy transfer affinity sensor for continuous glucose monitoring. Diabetes Technol Ther 2006; 8:296-311. [PMID: 16800751 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2006.8.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo performance of a transdermal near-infrared fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) affinity sensor was investigated in hairless rats, in order to validate its feasibility for glucose monitoring in humans. The sensor itself consists of a small hollow fiber implanted in dermal skin tissue, containing glucose-sensitive assay chemistry composed of agarose-immobilized Concanavalin A (ConA) and free dextran. The glucose-dependent fluorescence change is based on FRET between near-infrared-compatible donor and quencher dyes that are chemically linked to dextran and ConA, respectively. We conducted an acute in vivo evaluation of transdermal sensors with an optical fiber-coupled setup over 4 h, and a chronic in vivo evaluation of fully implanted sensors for up to 16 days. The fiber-coupled sensors followed trends of blood glucose concentrations very well with a delay of less than 5 min. The acute performance of the implanted sensors at the day of implantation was similar to that of the fiber-coupled sensors. After 2 weeks the implanted sensors remained functional, evidenced by an adequate correlation between sensor signal and changes in blood glucose excursions, but exhibited delays of approximately 10-15 min. Preliminary characterization of host response showed signs of mild inflammations around the implanted sensor, which were characterized by formation of a 10-20-microm-thick collagen band, typical for capsule formation. An acute study of systemic ConA biotoxicity was also conducted. A histological analysis of various organs and of clinical chemistry data showed no significant differences between rats receiving intradermal injections of ConA at 10 times the concentration in the sensor and rats in a control group (injection of saline solution). The absence of a toxicological or systemic response to ConA at a 10-fold larger amount than in the sensor should dispel concerns over the in vivo safety of ConA-based sensors. This study clearly demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed transdermal FRET-based sensor interrogation concept for glucose monitoring.
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Ballerstadt R, Evans C, McNichols R, Gowda A. Concanavalin A for in vivo glucose sensing: a biotoxicity review. Biosens Bioelectron 2006; 22:275-84. [PMID: 16488598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2005] [Revised: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades there as has been surging scientific interest in employing the glucose- and mannose-specific lectin Concanavalin A (ConA) in affinity biosensors for in vivo glucose monitoring in diabetics. Numerous research groups have successfully shown in in vitro and in vivo studies that ConA-based affinity sensors can monitor glucose very accurately and reproducibly over many months, making ConA-based sensors an extremely interesting prospect for long-term implantation in humans. Despite this progress, there remains concern over the safety of ConA, which has widely been reported as a toxin in the literature. In this article, we review in vitro and in vivo studies related to ConA toxicity in order to assess the health risks posed by ConA in the context of an implantable biosensor. Based on the wealth of information available and on data from our own studies, we can conclude that the site of implantation (subcutaneous skin tissue) and the small amount of ConA (<10 microg/microl) being used in implantable glucose-sensitive detector devices like those proposed by various research groups would pose little or no health risk to its bearer even in the event of unexpected sensor rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius M Cruse
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA
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Mu XY, Lei J, Xu C, Regnier F, Kreisle R. Characterization of peroxidase:anti-peroxidase immune complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1999; 724:275-80. [PMID: 10219668 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the molecular constituents of commercial peroxidase:anti-peroxidase (PAP) preparations is necessary for the proper interpretation of PAP applications based on competitive binding assay. Capillary zone electrophoresis with field 300 V/cm, 40 cm capillary length (20 cm effective length), and high-performance size exclusion chromatography equipped with Superose 12 HR10/30 column revealed that a PAP preparation used for Fc gamma receptor studies contained multiple sizes of immune complexes, an excess amount of free peroxidase, and little or no free anti-peroxidase antibody. The antibody:antigen ratios of the three major immune complex components were 2:2, 1:2, and 1:1. These techniques provide useful methods of qualitative, as well as quantitative analysis of PAP preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Mu
- Department of Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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Fox A, Koulmanda M, Mandel TE, van Rooijen N, Harrison LC. Evidence that macrophages are required for T-cell infiltration and rejection of fetal pig pancreas xenografts in nonobese diabetic mice. Transplantation 1998; 66:1407-16. [PMID: 9869080 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199812150-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host macrophages are abundant within fetal pig pancreas xenografts undergoing rejection, but their role is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of host macrophage depletion on xenograft rejection. METHODS Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were given clodronate-loaded liposomes intravenously to deplete macrophages. Controls received phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or PBS-liposomes. General immune status was assessed after 2, 3, and 7 days by (1) fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph node cells, (2) immunohistochemistry on spleens, and (3) mixed lymphocyte reaction. Organ-cultured fetal pig pancreas was transplanted under the kidney capsule of NOD mice 3 days after clodronate or PBS injection. Grafts were assessed histologically at 4, 5, 6, and 8 days after transplantation. RESULTS Splenic macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes were depleted 2 days after clodronate treatment but had recovered within 11 days. T cell, B cell, and dendritic cell numbers were normal in spleen, peripheral blood, and lymph nodes of clodronate-treated mice, and T cells and antigen-presenting cells from these mice functioned normally in mixed lymphocyte reaction. Clodronate treatment markedly reduced graft infiltration by macrophages, T cells, and eosinophils at 4, 5, and 6 days after transplantation, and was associated with maintenance of endocrine cell viability and insulin expression. However, all grafts were rejected 8 days after transplantation, concordant with reappearance of splenic macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Short-term, specific depletion of macrophages markedly delayed cellular infiltration and rejection of xenografts. The results provide the first evidence that macrophages promote T-cell infiltration and rejection of fetal pig pancreas xenografts in NOD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fox
- Autoimmunity and Transplantation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
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Benda B, Karlsson-Parra A, Ridderstad A, Korsgren O. Xenograft rejection of porcine islet-like cell clusters in immunoglobulin- or Fc-receptor gamma-deficient mice. Transplantation 1996; 62:1207-11. [PMID: 8932257 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199611150-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of xenoreactive antibodies in islet-like cell cluster (ICC) xenograft rejection. For this purpose, normal mice, mice with a targeted disruption of the Fc-receptor (FcR) gamma-chain, or the membrane exon of the immunoglobulin mu-chain gene, were transplanted with fetal porcine ICC under the kidney capsule. Mice lacking the FcR gamma have no functional FcR for IgG or IgE. Mice with disruption of the immunoglobulin mu-chain cannot produce antibodies, because B cell development is arrested at the stage of preB cells. All animals, irrespective of recipient group, readily rejected the ICC xenograft. Analyses of the pattern of cellular infiltration revealed only minor dissimilarities between the different experimental groups. Xenograft destruction was evident on day 6 after transplantation, and a large number of mononuclear cells were found to be evenly distributed throughout the ICC graft. The majority of the infiltrating cells were large, macrophage-like cells expressing the macrophage-specific phenotype marker F4/80. CD3-positive T lymphocytes were found to be mainly accumulated in the peripheral parts of the ICC xenograft. This study has demonstrated that xenoreactive antibodies are not crucial to ICC xenograft rejection in the pig-to-mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Benda
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Nanni-Costa A, Scolari MP, Iannelli S, Vangelista A, Buscaroli A, Liviano D'Arcangelo G, Buttazzi R, de Sanctis LB, Todeschini P, Stefoni S, Bonomini V. ELISA anti-HLA antibody screening identifies non-complement-fixing antibodies responsible for acute graft rejection. A case report. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 1996; 23:383-7. [PMID: 8909945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1996.tb00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on a kidney transplant recipient experiencing an unexpected early acute vascular graft rejection. Retrospective analysis of patient serum samples, utilizing a new ELISA HLA screening technique, revealed that the rejection crisis and the subsequent graft loss were due to a pretransplant donor-specific pre-sensitization caused by a non-complement-fixing antibody of IgG2 class. The case illustrates the clinical significance of non-complement-fixing anti-HLA antibodies. In addition it is shown that ELISA methods are suitable for detecting potentially harmful donor pre-sensitization in waiting-list patients not detectable by standard lymphocytotoxicity techniques. Hence ELISA could be an alternative to flow cytometry for this purpose. It is concluded that screening and cross-matching techniques which detect non-complement-fixing anti-HLA antibodies could improve graft outcome, and should form part of the immunological monitoring of kidney transplant waiting-list patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nanni-Costa
- Institute of Nephrology, St. Orsola University Hospital, Italy
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Satake M, Korsgren O, Ridderstad A, Karlsson-Parra A, Wallgren AC, Möller E. Immunological characteristics of islet cell xenotransplantation in humans and rodents. Immunol Rev 1994; 141:191-211. [PMID: 7868153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Satake
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology, Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge hospital, Sweden
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Sandberg JO, Korsgren O, Groth CG, Andersson A. 15-Deoxyspergualin prolongs pancreatic islet allo- and xenograft survival in mice. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1993; 73:24-8. [PMID: 8234187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1993.tb01952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The new immunosuppressant 15-deoxyspergualin was evaluated in allogeneic and xenogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation. In the allograft study 500 collagenase-isolated C57BL/6 mouse islets were transplanted under the renal capsule of alloxan-diabetic C57BL/Ks mice that were either 15-deoxyspergualin-treated (n = 15) or given saline only (n = 8). When 15-deoxyspergualin was given (5 mg/kg b.wt. intraperitoneally) until day 28 after transplantation in a special dosage schedule, 10 out of 15 animals were normoglycaemic one week after transplantation and 6 were still normoglycaemic after ten weeks. All 8 control animals were hyperglycaemic after 18 days. Light microscopy showed graft rejection in hyperglycaemic mice, but only mild infiltration of lymphocytes in the grafts of normoglycaemic animals. In the xenograft study C57BL/Ks mice were transplanted under the renal capsule with 500-750 foetal porcine islet-like cell clusters. The grafts were examined for evidence of rejection with light microscopy at different time points after implantation. In the control animals given saline only (n = 37) there was progressive evidence of rejection starting on day seven. In 15-deoxyspergualin treated animals (2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally; n = 27) there was significantly less infiltration at days 7, 14 and 21. After 32 days there was, however, no difference between controls and 15-deoxyspergualin treated mice. A doubling of the 15-deoxyspergualin dose (5.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally; n = 5) did not further improve the survival of the xenografted islet-like cell clusters. There was no synergistic effect when cyclosporine A (12.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was added to the 15-deoxyspergualin therapy (n = 34).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Sandberg
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
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Richter M, Taylor S, Macphail S, Jodouin CA. Cells and mediators which participate in immunoglobulin synthesis by human mononuclear cells. II. The mechanism of null cell participation in immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion by B cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1990; 80:122-9. [PMID: 2138938 PMCID: PMC1535216 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb06451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins were synthesized and secreted by human B cells cultured with T cells with receptors for FcM (TM) helper cells, monocytes, null cells and PWM for 7 days. Immunoglobulin synthesis did not take place if the null cells were omitted from the cultures irrespective of the duration of the culture period. Null cells incorporated into the cultures at only 25% of their optimal concentration did not affect immunoglobulin synthesis markedly by the cultured B cells. However, the number of B cells in the culture could not be diluted without an accompanying marked reduction in immunoglobulin synthesis. The B cells synthesized and secreted significant quantities of immunoglobulin even when the null cells were added as late as day 6 of the 7-day culture whereas no or very little immunoglobulin was synthesized if the B cells were not present from the beginning of the 7-day culture. It was demonstrated that cultured null cells do not transform into B cells and do not attain their immunoglobulin-synthesizing function. Furthermore, cultured B cells do not transform into null cells and do not attain their helper function. The null cells can also be distinguished from the B cells on the basis of cell-surface markers, receptors, and blastogenic responsiveness to phytomitogens. It is concluded that (i) the human circulating B cells require the null cells, in addition to the TM cells, monocytes and PWM, in culture in order to synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin; (ii) the null cell signal that stimulates immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion by the B cells is probably the last signal following the TM helper cell, monocyte and PWM signals received by the B cells; and (iii) the null cells and the B cells constitute distinct lineages of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Richter
- Department of Pathology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Widner H, Brundin P. Immunological aspects of grafting in the mammalian central nervous system. A review and speculative synthesis. Brain Res 1988; 472:287-324. [PMID: 3066438 PMCID: PMC7133672 DOI: 10.1016/0165-0173(88)90010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/1988] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Widner
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge Hospital, Sweden
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Abstract
Secondary IgG response to a tetanus toxoid booster and in vitro measurement of immunoglobulin synthesis, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) production were evaluated in 20 healthy controls and in 17 children with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS), during the acute nephrotic phase and 6 months after remission. Defective responses were observed in all but IFN-gamma production during the acute nephrotic phase; these improved with disease remission. There was a significant correlation between decreases in vitro IgG production and ADCC reaction. These data indicate that defective antibody production is associated with decreased ADCC during the acute nephrotic phase of MCNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Kawano Y, Taniguchi K, Kärre K, Toshitani A, Nomoto K. Host H-2 genotype regulates the metastatic ability of H-2-associated variants of B16 melanoma: defense systems screening for absence of self H-2 components by natural killer cells and host-associated homing barrier. Cell Immunol 1988; 111:341-53. [PMID: 3338095 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(88)90098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of host H-2-associated resistance against metastasis of tumor cells were evaluated in relation to the H-2 phenotype of tumor cells. We used H-2 heterozygous H-2a/b and H-2d/b, and H-2 homozygous H-2b/b hosts, and H-2-associated variant lines of B16 cells (H-2b+, H-2b-). In H-2b/b hosts, H-2+ cells were highly metastatic in vivo, and were resistant to host NK effectors in vitro. Therefore, H-2a/b and H-2d/b hosts showed resistance to metastasis of H-2+ cells and their effectors showed killing activity to these cells in vitro. Though the host resistance was reduced by anti-asialo GM1 serum treatment, these hosts continued to demonstrate a considerable resistance against early survival and metastasis of the B16 cells. To evaluate this natural resistance, aside from the NK system, radiation bone marrow chimeras of F1-parental combinations were used. The data suggest that host MHC-associated resistance involves not only the NK defense system but also the host environmental resistance. Both exert resistance by recognizing the H-2 mismatch in relation to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawano
- Department of Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Kensinger M, Eskew ML, Scheuchenzuber W, Zarkower A. Porcine effector mechanisms: antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of pseudorabies-infected target cells. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1987; 14:223-31. [PMID: 3590615 DOI: 10.1016/0165-2427(87)90091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against pseudorabies virus (PRV)-infected cells was determined in neonatal porcine pulmonary washout cells and in partially purified blood-derived leukocytes. The ADCC assays were performed at approximately 1, 2, 3 and 11 days after birth. It was found that pulmonary-derived cells had a low level of cytolytic activity against the PRV-infected target cells at about 1 day of age. This activity increased sharply during the next 2 days of age, but declined somewhat by 11 days of age. The increase in ADCC activity paralleled closely the increase in the relative and absolute numbers of macrophages in the alveolar washout fluids. ADCC activity was high at all times in blood-derived neutrophils, and present in blood-derived lymphocytes, but at a lower level of activity.
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Yabushita H, Sawaguchi K, Ishihara M, Itoh Y. Identification of immunosuppressive factors in normal pregnant serum affecting antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. ASIA-OCEANIA JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY 1987; 13:103-12. [PMID: 3593078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.1987.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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