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Okamoto S, Hashikawa Y, Murata Y. Solution Dynamics of Covalent Open-[60]Fullerene Dimers. Chempluschem 2024:e202400260. [PMID: 38710654 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The translational diffusivity of covalent open-[60]fullerene dimers in an organic solvent was found to be well describable by a prolate ellipsoid model while a monomeric open-[60]fullerene behaves like a sphere model. The water association dynamics were examined for two open-[60]fullerene dimers, showing a higher water affinity for the sp3-linked dimer relative to sp2-linked dimer owing to an effective orbital-orbital overlap identified by π(fullerene)→σ*(H2O) interactions as suggested by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Okamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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2
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Nishimoto M, Uetake Y, Yakiyama Y, Sakurai H. Strain-induced carbon-carbon bond cleavage of bowl-shaped sumanenone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3982-3985. [PMID: 38502118 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
This study details a highly effective ring-opening reaction that involves acid-mediated carbon-carbon bond cleavage of the buckybowl, sumanenone. The reaction of the bowl-shaped sumanenone with AcOH and TfOH results in the formation of a planar carboxylic acid. The examination of reactivity in comparison to planar analogues, along with theoretical calculations, suggests that the release of curved strain is a crucial factor for the success of this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikey Nishimoto
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuta Uetake
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yumi Yakiyama
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Sakurai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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3
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Hu Z, Yang S. Endohedral metallofullerene molecular nanomagnets. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2863-2897. [PMID: 38324027 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00991b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes exhibiting magnetic bistability can behave as molecular nanomagnets, also known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs), suitable for storing magnetic information at the molecular level, thus attracting extensive interest in the quest for high-density information storage and quantum information technologies. Upon encapsulating Ln ion(s) into fullerene cages, endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have been proven as a promising and versatile platform to realize chemically robust SMMs, in which the magnetic properties are able to be readily tailored by altering the configurations of the encapsulated species and the host cages. In this review, we present critical discussions on the molecular structures and magnetic characterizations of EMF-SMMs, with the focus on their peculiar molecular and electronic structures and on the intriguing molecular magnetism arising from such structural uniqueness. In this context, different families of magnetic EMFs are summarized, including mononuclear EMF-SMMs wherein single-ion anisotropy is decisive, dinuclear clusterfullerenes whose magnetism is governed by intramolecular magnetic interaction, and radical-bridged dimetallic EMFs with high-spin ground states that arise from the strong ferromagnetic coupling. We then discuss how molecular assemblies of SMMs can be constructed, in a way that the original SMM behavior is either retained or altered in a controlled manner, thanks to the chemical robustness of EMFs. Finally, on the basis of understanding the structure-magnetic property correlation, we propose design strategies for high-performance EMF-SMMs by engineering ligand fields, electronic structures, magnetic interactions, and molecular vibrations that can couple to the spin states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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4
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Hashikawa Y, Okamoto S, Murata Y. Synthesis of inter-[60]fullerene conjugates with inherent chirality. Nat Commun 2024; 15:514. [PMID: 38225251 PMCID: PMC10789730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44834-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Coalescence of [60]fullerenes potentially produces hypothetical nanocarbon assemblies with non-naturally occurring topologies. Since the discovery of [60]fullerene in 1985, coalesced [60]fullerene oligomers have only been observed as transient species by transmission electron microscopy during an oligomerization process under a high electron acceleration voltage. Herein, we showcase the rational synthesis of covalent assemblies consisting of inherently chiral open-[60]fullerenes. The crystallographic analyses unveiled double-caged structures of non-conjugated and conjugated inter-[60]fullerene hybrids, in which the two [60]fullerene cages are bounds to each other through a covalent linkage. The former one further assembles via a heterochiral recognition so that four carbon cages are arranged in a tetrahedral manner both in solution and solid state. Reflecting radially-conjugated double π-surface nature, the inter-[60]fullerene conjugate exhibits strong electronic communication in its reduced states, intense absorption behavior, and chiroptical activity with a dissymmetry factor of 0.21 (at 674 nm) which breaks the record for known chiral organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Hashikawa
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Shu Okamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
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5
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Tanuma Y, Kladnik G, Schio L, van Midden Mavrič M, Anézo B, Zupanič E, Bavdek G, Canton-Vitoria R, Floreano L, Tagmatarchis N, Wegner HA, Morgante A, Ewels CP, Cvetko D, Arčon D. Noncontact Layer Stabilization of Azafullerene Radicals: Route toward High-Spin-Density Surfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:25301-25310. [PMID: 38085812 PMCID: PMC10753892 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
We deposit azafullerene C59N• radicals in a vacuum on the Au(111) surface for layer thicknesses between 0.35 and 2.1 monolayers (ML). The layers are characterized using X-ray photoemission (XPS) and X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and by density functional calculations (DFT). The singly unoccupied C59N orbital (SUMO) has been identified in the N 1s NEXAFS/XPS spectra of C59N layers as a spectroscopic fingerprint of the molecular radical state. At low molecular coverages (up to 1 ML), films of monomeric C59N are stabilized with the nonbonded carbon orbital neighboring the nitrogen oriented toward the Au substrate, whereas in-plane intermolecular coupling into diamagnetic (C59N)2 dimers takes over toward the completion of the second layer. By following the C59N• SUMO peak intensity with increasing molecular coverage, we identify an intermediate high-spin-density phase between 1 and 2 ML, where uncoupled C59N• monomers in the second layer with pronounced radical character are formed. We argue that the C59N• radical stabilization of this supramonolayer phase of monomers is achieved by suppressed coupling to the substrate. This results from molecular isolation on top of the passivating azafullerene contact layer, which can be explored for molecular radical state stabilization and positioning on solid substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tanuma
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Center
for Advanced Research of Energy and Materials (CAREM), Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kitaku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Gregor Kladnik
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Schio
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Bastien Anézo
- Institut
des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), UMR 6502 CNRS, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Erik Zupanič
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Bavdek
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Faculty
of
Education, University of Ljubljana, Kardeljeva ploščad
16, SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Ruben Canton-Vitoria
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical
and Physical Chemistry Institute, National
Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University
Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center
for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus
Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Alberto Morgante
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Physics
Department, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34012 Trieste, Italy
| | - Christopher P. Ewels
- Institut
des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel (IMN), UMR 6502 CNRS, Nantes University, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Dean Cvetko
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CNR-IOM, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza Area Science Park, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Denis Arčon
- Jožef
Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Physics, University of
Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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6
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Liu TX, Wang X, Xia S, Chen M, Li M, Yang P, Ma N, Hu Z, Yang S, Zhang G, Wang GW. Dearomative Ring-Fused Azafulleroids and Carbazole-Derived Metallofullerenes: Reactivity Dictated by Encapsulation in a Fullerene Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313074. [PMID: 37789646 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report divergent additions of 2,2'-diazidobiphenyls to C60 and Sc3 N@Ih -C80 . In stark contrast to that of the previously reported bis-azide additions, the unexpected cascade reaction leads to the dearomative formation of azafulleroids 2 fused with a 7-6-5-membered ring system in the case of C60 . In contrast, the corresponding reaction with Sc3 N@Ih -C80 switches to the C-H insertion pathway, thereby resulting in multiple isomers, including a carbazole-derived [6,6]-azametallofulleroid 3 and a [5,6]-azametallofulleroid 4 and an unusual 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,2-c]carbazole-derived metallofullerene 5, whose molecular structures have been unambiguously determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Among them, the addition type of 5 is observed for the first time in all reported additions of azides to fullerenes. Furthermore, unexpected isomerizations from 3 to 5 and from 4 to 5 have been discovered, providing the first examples of the isomerization of an azafulleroid to a carbazole-derived fullerene rather than an aziridinofullerene. In particular, the isomerism of the [5,6]-isomer 4 to the [5,6]-isomer 5 is unprecedented in fullerene chemistry, contradicting the present understanding that isomerization generally occurs between [5,6]- and [6,6]-isomers. Control experiments have been carried out to rationalize the reaction mechanism. Furthermore, representative azafulleroids have been applied in organic solar cells, thereby resulting in improved power conversion efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Xin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Shilu Xia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Panting Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wu Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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7
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Nekoei AR, Haghgoo S, Hamzekhani ZH. Introducing a novel C 50N 10 azafullerene with chained nitrogen atoms on a buckyball pole: structure, stability, vibration, and electronic properties. J Mol Model 2023; 29:194. [PMID: 37261575 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Fullerenes are of high significance due to their unique chemical properties and various applications in technology, particularly materials science, drug delivery, electronics, and nanoelectronics. In the recent years, many attempts have been focused to introduce new heteroatom-doped fullerenes having advanced chemical properties and tunable electronic traits, which make them a potential candidate for application in many branches of sciences. In this study, a novel C50N10 azafullerene with a fascinating structure of chained nitrogen atoms on a buckyball pole, with different electronic and optical properties compared to its other analogs, is introduced and trace of N-N substructures on the surface of C60 fullerene cage is investigated. For this molecule, four structural isomers including 3 structures with chain N atoms on a fullerene buckyball pole (NP isomers) and one isomer with separated N atoms (SN isomer) have been studied. All isomers have been studied with and without symmetry constraints, and the symmetry influence on the structure and stability of each isomer has been investigated. Although the studied NP structures have lower stability than the SN isomer, some reasons (such as their more all-carbon hexagonal rings, breaking some of their N-N bonds for partial opening of the cage and creating bigger rings in order to get rid of the unfavorable strain, as well as decreasing the N-N lone pair repulsions) lead to the acceptable stability of these structures with the bonded N atoms. The results of atomization energy and vibrational frequency calculations indicate that isomers with the bonded N atoms have acceptable stabilities and do not decompose into their constituent components. Investigation on the structural parameters demonstrates important roles of the number of all-carbon hexagonal rings, the number of N-N junction, and the molecule symmetry in the stability of the structures with the bonded N atoms. Study on the electronic and optical properties indicates that the target structures exhibit high electronic polarizability, relatively small HOMO/LUMO gap, high first- and second-order hyperpolarizability, and also large third-order nonlinear optical properties. METHODS All calculations have been performed using Gaussian G09 software using density functional theory (DFT) approach. Three-parameter Beck hybrid exchange functional (B3) hybridized with nonlocal correlation functional of Lee, Yang, and Parr (LYP) has been employed as the level of DFT calculations. All optimizations have been performed at double-zeta polarized (DZP) split valence 6-31G(d,p) and also at split valence TZP 6-311G(d,p) basis sets. The global minimum structures have been confirmed by frequency calculations at the same level of optimizations. The natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses, frontier orbital surfaces imaging, atomic charges, and charge transfer analyses have been achieved by GenNBO program package.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reza Nekoei
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 71557-313, Iran.
| | - Sanaz Haghgoo
- Department of Chemical Industry, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
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8
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Xiang W, Jiang X, Yao YR, Xin J, Jin H, Guan R, Zhang Q, Chen M, Xie SY, Popov AA, Yang S. Monometallic Endohedral Azafullerene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:21587-21595. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiaole Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpeng Xin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huaimin Jin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Runnan Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Kaur S, Sharma H, Jindal VK, Bubanja V, Mudahar I. Ab initio study of nitrogen and boron doped dimers. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaur
- Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India
| | - Hitesh Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences, IKG Panjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India
| | - V. K. Jindal
- Department of Physics, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vladimir Bubanja
- Measurement Standards Laboratory of New Zealand, Callaghan Innovation, Lower Hutt, Wellington, New Zealand
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isha Mudahar
- Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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10
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Koutsouflakis E, Krylov D, Bachellier N, Sostina D, Dubrovin V, Liu F, Spree L, Velkos G, Schimmel S, Wang Y, Büchner B, Westerström R, Bulbucan C, Kirkpatrick K, Muntwiler M, Dreiser J, Greber T, Avdoshenko SM, Dorn H, Popov AA. Metamagnetic transition and a loss of magnetic hysteresis caused by electron trapping in monolayers of single-molecule magnet Tb 2@C 79N. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9877-9892. [PMID: 35781298 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Realization of stable spin states in surface-supported magnetic molecules is crucial for their applications in molecular spintronics, memory storage or quantum information processing. In this work, we studied the surface magnetism of dimetallo-azafullerene Tb2@C79N, showing a broad magnetic hysteresis in a bulk form. Surprisingly, monolayers of Tb2@C79N exhibited a completely different behavior, with the prevalence of a ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling at low magnetic field and a metamagnetic transition in the magnetic field of 2.5-4 T. Monolayers of Tb2@C79N were deposited onto Cu(111) and Au(111) by evaporation in ultra-high vacuum conditions, and their topography and electronic structure were characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in combination with DFT studies, revealed that the nitrogen atom of the azafullerene cage tends to avoid metallic surfaces. Magnetic properties of the (sub)monolayers were then studied by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Tb-M4,5 absorption edge. While in bulk powder samples Tb2@C79N behaves as a single-molecule magnet with ferromagnetically coupled magnetic moments and blocking of magnetization at 28 K, its monolayers exhibited a different ground state with antiferromagnetic coupling of Tb magnetic moments. To understand if this unexpected behavior is caused by a strong hybridization of fullerenes with metallic substrates, XMCD measurements were also performed for Tb2@C79N adsorbed on h-BN|Rh(111) and MgO|Ag(100). The co-existence of two forms of Tb2@C79N was found on these substrates as well, but magnetization curves showed narrow magnetic hysteresis detectable up to 25 K. The non-magnetic state of Tb2@C79N in monolayers is assigned to anionic Tb2@C79N- species with doubly-occupied Tb-Tb bonding orbital and antiferromagnetic coupling of the Tb moments. A charge transfer from the substrate or trapping of secondary electrons are discussed as a plausible origin of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Koutsouflakis
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Denis Krylov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Nicolas Bachellier
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Daria Sostina
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Vasilii Dubrovin
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Lukas Spree
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Georgios Velkos
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Schimmel
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yaofeng Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rasmus Westerström
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Claudiu Bulbucan
- The Division of Synchrotron Radiation Research, Lund University, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kyle Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Matthias Muntwiler
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Greber
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Physik-Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stas M Avdoshenko
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Harry Dorn
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW Dresden), Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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11
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Fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer as large diaza[80]fullerene fragment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1498. [PMID: 35314682 PMCID: PMC8938435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractA fully conjugated azacorannulene dimer with a large π-surface (76π system) was successfully synthesized from a fully conjugated bifunctional polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide. This molecule represents an example of diaza[80]fullerene (C78N2) fragment molecule bearing two internal nitrogen atoms. X-ray crystallography analysis shows its boat-shaped structure with two terminal azacorannulenes bent in the same direction. The molecular shape leads to unique selective association with a dumbbell-shaped C60 dimer (C120) over C60 through shape recognition. Owing to its large π-surface and a narrow HOMO–LUMO gap, the azacorannulene dimer exhibits red fluorescence with a quantum yield of up to 31%. The utilization of the fully conjugated bifunctional azomethine ylide is a powerful method for the bottom-up synthesis of large multiazafullerene fragments, providing a step towards the selective total synthesis of multiazafullerenes.
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12
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Murata Y, Zhang S, Hashikawa Y. Cage‐Opened C60 Isomers with Different Reactivities. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasujiro Murata
- Kyoto University Institute for Chemical Research Gokasyou 611-0011 Uji, Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Kyoto University Institute for Chemical Research JAPAN
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13
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Tanaka T, Kise K. Non-Planar Polycyclic Aromatic Molecules Including Heterole Units. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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14
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Tanuma Y, Stergiou A, Bužan Bobnar A, Gaboardi M, Rio J, Volkmann J, Wegner HA, Tagmatarchis N, Ewels CP, Arčon D. Robust coherent spin centers from stable azafullerene radicals entrapped in cycloparaphenylene rings. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19946-19955. [PMID: 34821238 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06393f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular entities with robust spin-1/2 are natural two-level quantum systems for realizing qubits and are key ingredients of emerging quantum technologies such as quantum computing. Here we show that robust and abundant spin-1/2 species can be created in situ in the solid state from spin-active azafullerene C59N cages supramolecularly hosted in crystals of [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) nanohoops. This is achieved via a two-stage thermally-assisted homolysis of the parent diamagnetic [10]CPP⊃(C59N)2⊂[10]CPP supramolecular complex. Upon cooling, the otherwise unstable C59N˙ radical is remarkably persistent with a measured radical lifetime of several years. Additionally, pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance measurements show long coherence times, fulfilling a basic condition for any qubit manipulation, and observed Rabi oscillations demonstrate single qubit operation. These findings together with rapid recent advances on the synthesis of carbon nanohoops offer the potential to fabricate tailored cycloparaphenylene networks hosting C59N˙ centers, providing a promising platform for building complex qubit circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Tanuma
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS/Université de Nantes, BP32229, 44322 Nantes, France
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary New Science, Toyo University, 2100 Kujirai, Kawagoe, 350-8585, Saitama, Japan
| | - Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Mattia Gaboardi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza, Italy
| | - Jeremy Rio
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS/Université de Nantes, BP32229, 44322 Nantes, France.
| | - Jannis Volkmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Christopher P Ewels
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel, CNRS/Université de Nantes, BP32229, 44322 Nantes, France.
| | - Denis Arčon
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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15
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Chachkov DV, Mikhailov OV. A new chemical compound with an unusual ratio of number of carbon and nitrogen atoms - C(N 12): quantum-chemical modelling. RSC Adv 2021; 11:35974-35981. [PMID: 35492795 PMCID: PMC9043186 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07549g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the results of a quantum chemical calculation using the DFT B3PW91/TZVP, MP2/TZVP and MP3/TZVP levels, the possibility of the existence of carbon–nitrogen compounds having the unusual carbon : nitrogen ratio 1 : 12, which is unknown for these elements at present, was shown. Data on the structural parameters are presented; it was shown that all CN4 groupings are strictly planar. In addition, the bond lengths formed by nitrogen atoms and a C atom are equal to each other, and the bond angles formed by nitrogen atoms and a C atom are equal to 90.0°, or practically do not differ from this value. Thermodynamical parameters, NBO analysis data and HOMO/LUMO images for this compound are presented, too. Good agreement was found between the calculated data obtained using the above three quantum-chemical methods. The possibility of the existence of tetracyclic carbon–nitrogen compounds having the unusual carbon : nitrogen ratio 1 : 12, which is unknown for these elements at the present, was shown.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Chachkov
- Kazan Department of Joint Supercomputer Center of Russian Academy of Sciences - Branch of Federal Scientific Center "Scientific Research Institute for System Analysis of the RAS" Lobachevskii Street 2/31 420111 Kazan Russia.,Kazan National Research Technological University K. Marx Street 68 420015 Kazan Russia
| | - Oleg V Mikhailov
- Kazan National Research Technological University K. Marx Street 68 420015 Kazan Russia
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16
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Malliaros NG, Orfanopoulos M. Decatungstate‐Photocatalyzed Radical Addition of 9‐Substituted Fluorenes to [60]Fullerene: A Mechanistic Approach. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikitas G. Malliaros
- Department of Chemistry University of Crete Voutes Campus GR-71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
| | - Michael Orfanopoulos
- Department of Chemistry University of Crete Voutes Campus GR-71003 Heraklion Crete Greece
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17
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Asad K, Stergiou A, Kourtellaris A, Tagmatarchis N, Chronakis N. First Synthesis of the Inherently Chiral Trans-4' Bisadduct of C 59 N Azafullerene by Using Cyclo-[2]-dodecylmalonate as a Tether. Chemistry 2021; 27:13879-13886. [PMID: 34291513 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The multiaddition chemistry of azafullerene C59 N has been scarcely explored, and the isolation of pure bisadducts is in its infancy. Encouraged by the recent regioselective synthesis of the inherently chiral equatorialface bisadduct of C59 N, we focused on the isolation of the first trans-4 bisadduct in a simple two-step approach. The first regioselective synthesis of the trans-4 bisadduct of C59 N by using cyclo-[2]-dodecylmalonate as a tether is now reported. The newly synthesized bisadduct has C1 symmetry, as evidenced by 13 C NMR, while X-ray crystallography validated the trans-4' addition pattern. Furthermore, the inherently chiral trans-4' C59 N bisadduct was enantiomerically resolved, and the mirror-image relation of the two enantiomers was probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Finally, UV-Vis and redox assays suggested that the addition pattern has a reflection in the light-harvesting and redox properties of the bisadduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karam Asad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, University str. 1, Building No. 13, 2109, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Kourtellaris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, University str. 1, Building No. 13, 2109, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Chronakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, University str. 1, Building No. 13, 2109, Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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18
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Orfanopoulos M. Singlet Oxygen: Discovery, Chemistry, C 60 -Sensitization †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1182-1218. [PMID: 34240450 DOI: 10.1111/php.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review article refers to the discovery of excited molecular oxygen, in particular on its lower singlet excited state (1 Δg , 1 O2 ). After a short report on singlet oxygen generation, the review is focused on the chemistry of this reactive species. Specifically, the three major reactions of 1 O2 with unsaturated organic substrates, namely the [4 + 2] and [2 +2] cycloadditions as well as the ene reaction, are reviewed. The proposed mechanisms of these reactions, through the years, based on experimental and computational work, have been presented. Selected examples of singlet oxygen-synthetic applications are also mentioned. The [60]fullerene and fullereno-materials photosensitized oxidations in homogeneous, as well as in heterogeneous conditions, are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the self-sensitized photooxidation of open cage fullerenes as well as fullerenes bearing oxidizable groups is reported.
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19
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Balch AL, Winkler K. Electrochemistry of fullerene/transition metal complexes: Three decades of progress. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Nekoei AR, Hamzavi Hamzekhani Z. Structural, electronic, vibrational and optical properties of all 23 isolated-pentagon rule isomers of C58N2 azafullerene; a DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.113123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Wang P, Yan G, Zhu X, Du Y, Chen D, Zhang J. Heterofullerene MC 59 (M = B, Si, Al) as Potential Carriers for Hydroxyurea Drug Delivery. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010115. [PMID: 33430313 PMCID: PMC7825758 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
As a representative nanomaterial, C60 and its derivatives have drawn much attention in the field of drug delivery over the past years, due to their unique geometric and electronic structures. Herein, the interactions of hydroxyurea (HU) drug with the pristine C60 and heterofullerene MC59 (M = B, Si, Al) were investigated using the density functional theory calculations. The geometric and electronic properties in terms of adsorption configuration, adsorption energy, Hirshfeld charge, frontier molecular orbitals, and charge density difference are calculated. In contrast to pristine C60, it is found that HU molecule is chemisorbed on the BC59, SiC59, and AlC59 molecules with moderate adsorption energy and apparent charge transfer. Therefore, heterofullerene BC59, SiC59, and AlC59 are expected to be promising carriers for hydroxyurea drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.W.); (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (D.C.)
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Ge Yan
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.W.); (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.W.); (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Yingying Du
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.W.); (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (D.C.)
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Da Chen
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.W.); (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (D.C.)
| | - Jinjuan Zhang
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; (P.W.); (G.Y.); (X.Z.); (Y.D.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-5425-3028
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22
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Su Y, Chen Z, Tian H, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Xie S, Zheng L. Implications of Nitrogen Doping on Geometrical and Electronic Structure of the Fullerene Dimers. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Su
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Zuo‐Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Han‐Rui Tian
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Yun‐Yan Xu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Su‐Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Lan‐Sun Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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23
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García-Simón C, Colomban C, Çetin YA, Gimeno A, Pujals M, Ubasart E, Fuertes-Espinosa C, Asad K, Chronakis N, Costas M, Jiménez-Barbero J, Feixas F, Ribas X. Complete Dynamic Reconstruction of C60, C70, and (C59N)2 Encapsulation into an Adaptable Supramolecular Nanocapsule. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16051-16063. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina García-Simón
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Cédric Colomban
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yarkin Aybars Çetin
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
| | - Míriam Pujals
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ernest Ubasart
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carles Fuertes-Espinosa
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karam Asad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, University str. 1, Building No. 13, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nikos Chronakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, University str. 1, Building No. 13, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ferran Feixas
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
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24
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Dobashi H, Catti L, Tanaka Y, Akita M, Yoshizawa M. N‐Doping of Polyaromatic Capsules: Small Cavity Modification Leads to Large Change in Host–Guest Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Dobashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi Kanazawa 920-1192 Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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25
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Ineffective OH Pinning of the Flipping Dynamics of a Spherical Guest within a Tight‐Fitting Tube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14570-14576. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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26
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Matsuno T, Someya M, Sato S, Maeda S, Isobe H. Ineffective OH Pinning of the Flipping Dynamics of a Spherical Guest within a Tight‐Fitting Tube. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Maki Someya
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD) Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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27
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Dobashi H, Catti L, Tanaka Y, Akita M, Yoshizawa M. N-Doping of Polyaromatic Capsules: Small Cavity Modification Leads to Large Change in Host-Guest Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11881-11885. [PMID: 32291946 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the host functions of a nanocavity encircled by both polyaromatic panels and heteroatoms, nitrogen-doped polyaromatic capsules were successfully synthesized from metal ions and pyridine-embedded, bent anthracene-based ligands. The new capsules display unique host-guest interactions in the isolated cavities, which are distinct from those of the undoped analogues. Besides the inclusion of Ag+ ions, the large absorption change of fullerene C60 and altered emission of a BODIPY dimer are observed upon encapsulation by the present hosts. Moreover, the N-doped capsule exhibits specific binding ability toward progesterone and methyltestosterone, known as a natural female and synthetic male hormone, respectively, in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Dobashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Catti
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Munetaka Akita
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michito Yoshizawa
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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28
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Ostrowski S, Garnuszek P, Dobrowolski JC. Endohedral isomerism in model achiral and chiral La@C 58N 2 systems. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 231:117791. [PMID: 31992498 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral structures with La0 or La3+ encapsulated in chiral (1,16)C58N2 or achiral (1,4)C58N2 diazafullerenes were studied at the B3LYP/G-31G*/SDD level. Two stable locations of La0 and La3+ are possible in each cage but only with La0@(1,16)C58N2 can the two isomers coexist. We found that an AIM determined hapticity of the endohedral species selectively differentiates the systems. We predict that there will always exist IR and Raman bands which allow for them to be identified in the presence of the parent cage. For the La0@(1,16) C58N2 molecules and the parent diazafullerene, the Raman spectra are likely to reveal a pre-resonance effect even at 785 nm and it seems possible to selectively excite only one isomer. The calculated electronic spectra suggested a chance to determine the less populated diazafullerene in the presence of the more populated one, be it chiral or achiral. For the chiral endohedral isomers, the calculated VCD spectra are quite dissimilar and the two endohedral isomers and the parent heterofullerene seem to be easily detected. Eventually, we defined the endohedral isomerism as follows: The endohedral isomerism is the phenomenon whereby an internal individuum captured in a cage can occupy more than one stable position without changing the cage connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Ostrowski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna-Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Garnuszek
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research, 7 A. Sołtana-Street, 05-400 Otwock, Poland
| | - Jan Cz Dobrowolski
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 16 Dorodna-Street, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland.
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29
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Moshniaha L, Żyła-Karwowska M, Chmielewski PJ, Lis T, Cybińska J, Gońka E, Oschwald J, Drewello T, Rivero SM, Casado J, Stępień M. Aromatic Nanosandwich Obtained by σ-Dimerization of a Nanographenoid π-Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3626-3635. [PMID: 31997634 PMCID: PMC7467677 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A 139-π-electron
nanographenoid radical was obtained by expanding
the periphery of a naphthalimide–azacoronene hybrid with a
methine bridge. The radical was isolated in the form of its σ-dimer,
which was shown to possess a conformationally restricted two-layer
structure both in the solid state and in solution. The dimer is cleaved
into its parent radicals when exposed to ultraviolet or visible radiation
in toluene solutions but is resistant to thermally induced dissociation.
Under inert conditions, the radicals recombine quantitatively into
the σ-dimer with observable kinetics, but they are oxidized
into a ketone derivative in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Combined
structural, spectroscopic, and theoretical evidence shows that the
σ-dimer contains a weak C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond, but is stabilized against thermal dissociation by a very
strong dispersive interaction between the overlapping π surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliia Moshniaha
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Marika Żyła-Karwowska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Tadeusz Lis
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Joanna Cybińska
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland.,PORT-Polski Ośrodek Rozwoju Technologii , ul. Stabłowicka 147 , 54-066 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
| | - Johannes Oschwald
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Thomas Drewello
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Samara Medina Rivero
- Departamento Quı́mica Fı́sica , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Juan Casado
- Departamento Quı́mica Fı́sica , Universidad de Málaga , Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n , 29071 Málaga , Spain
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii , Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14 , 50-383 Wrocław , Poland
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30
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DFT investigation on electrophilic and nucleophilic activities of some nitrogen-doped fullerenes, in comparison to C60. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Stergiou A, Andreopoulou AK, Kallitsis JK, Tagmatarchis N. Solution-phase molecular recognition of an azafullerene-quinoline dyad by a face-to-face porphyrin-dimer tweezer. RSC Adv 2020; 10:31720-31729. [PMID: 35518168 PMCID: PMC9056541 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06195f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Azafullerene C59N was modified by a pentafluoroquinoline (FQ) derivative, the amphoteric quinoline domain was utilized for the molecular recognition of C59N-FQ by a porphyrin-dimer (H2P)2 and host–guest interactions in (H2P)2/C59N-FQ were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute
- National Hellenic Research Foundation
- 11635 Athens
- Greece
| | | | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Patras
- University Campus
- 26504 Rio-Patras
- Greece
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute
- National Hellenic Research Foundation
- 11635 Athens
- Greece
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32
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Stergiou A, Rio J, Griwatz JH, Arčon D, Wegner HA, Ewels CP, Tagmatarchis N. A Long-Lived Azafullerenyl Radical Stabilized by Supramolecular Shielding with a [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17745-17750. [PMID: 31557367 PMCID: PMC7003913 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201909126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A major handicap towards the exploitation of radicals is their inherent instability. In the paramagnetic azafullerenyl radical C59 N. , the unpaired electron is strongly localized next to the nitrogen atom, which induces dimerization to diamagnetic bis(azafullerene), (C59 N)2 . Conventional stabilization by introducing steric hindrance around the radical is inapplicable here because of the concave fullerene geometry. Instead, we developed an innovative radical shielding approach based on supramolecular complexation, exploiting the protection offered by a [10]cycloparaphenylene ([10]CPP) nanobelt encircling the C59 N. radical. Photoinduced radical generation is increased by a factor of 300. The EPR signal showing characteristic 14 N hyperfine splitting of C59 N. ⊂ [10]CPP was traced even after several weeks, which corresponds to a lifetime increase of >108 . The proposed approach can be generalized by tuning the diameter of the employed nanobelts, opening new avenues for the design and exploitation of radical fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Stergiou
- National Hellenic Research FoundationTheoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue11635AthensGreece
| | - Jérémy Rio
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN)-UMR65022 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP3222944322NantesFrance
| | - Jan H. Griwatz
- Justus Liebig UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Materials ResearchHeinrich-Buff-Ring 16–1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Denis Arčon
- University of LjubljanaFaculty of Mathematics and PhysicsJadranska 191000LjubljanaSlovenia
- Institute Jozef StefanJamova 391000LjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Justus Liebig UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Materials ResearchHeinrich-Buff-Ring 16–1735392GiessenGermany
| | - Christopher P. Ewels
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN)-UMR65022 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP3222944322NantesFrance
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- National Hellenic Research FoundationTheoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue11635AthensGreece
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33
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Stergiou A, Rio J, Griwatz JH, Arčon D, Wegner HA, Ewels CP, Tagmatarchis N. A Long‐Lived Azafullerenyl Radical Stabilized by Supramolecular Shielding with a [10]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201909126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Stergiou
- National Hellenic Research FoundationTheoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 11635 Athens Greece
| | - Jérémy Rio
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN)-UMR6502 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229 44322 Nantes France
| | - Jan H. Griwatz
- Justus Liebig UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Materials Research Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16–17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Denis Arčon
- University of LjubljanaFaculty of Mathematics and Physics Jadranska 19 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
- Institute Jozef Stefan Jamova 39 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Hermann A. Wegner
- Justus Liebig UniversityInstitute of Organic Chemistry, Center for Materials Research Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16–17 35392 Giessen Germany
| | - Christopher P. Ewels
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN)-UMR6502 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229 44322 Nantes France
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- National Hellenic Research FoundationTheoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 11635 Athens Greece
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34
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Zhao Y, Li M, Xiong Y, Rahmani S, Yuan K, Zhao R, Ehara M, Nagase S, Zhao X. Pivotal Role of Nonmetal Atoms in the Stabilities, Geometries, Electronic Structures, and Isoelectronic Chemistry of Sc
3
X@C
80
(X = C, N, and O). J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2730-2738. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao‐Xiao Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Meng‐Yang Li
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yi‐Ming Xiong
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Shirin Rahmani
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Kun Yuan
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Rui‐Sheng Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | | | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University Kyoto 606‐8103 Japan
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Institute for Chemical Physics & Department of Chemistry, School of Science, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment & MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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35
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Abstract
Inter-synthetic-carbon-allotrope (SCA) architectures are constructed by hybridizing different types of carbon allotropes such as 0D-fullerene, 1D-carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and 2D-graphene. Also hybridizations of different fullerene families (e.g., empty fullerene, heterofullerenes, and endohedral fullerenes as well as their isomers) are considered as inter-SCA architectures and represent an emerging class of nanofunctional materials. Such highly integrated hybrids are quite promising, since they hold the potential of combining unique properties of each building block. For instance, hybridization of 2D-graphene, a synthetic carbon allotrope with outstanding chemical/physical properties, with 0D-fullerenes leads to materials with both outstanding solid state properties (e.g., electron mobility, flexibility, transparency, and mechanical stability) and distinct molecular properties (spatially resolved and tailor-made exohedral cage functionalization and endohedral guest encapsulation). Therefore, such integrated hybrids have potential as multifunctional nanocarbon materials applicable, for example, in energy storage, electronic devices, solar cells, or advanced sensors. Recognizing these significant advantages, a series of methods and techniques has been developed to synthesize such integrated hybrids. Based on in-depth understanding of fullerene chemistry, interfullerene hybrids where multiple fullerenes are linked together have been synthesized and fully characterized. However, due to the difficulty in functionalizing graphene or CNTs as a result of their poor dispersibility and weak reactivity the corresponding hybrids including these macromolecular forms are less explored. Furthermore, few approaches toward such systems reported so far inevitably involve some drawbacks such as low degree of addition and low production ability. This Account presents the concepts and strategies of our studies on the construction of inter-SCA hybrids. We first emphasize on our efficient "reductive functionalization route" as a versatile strategy for graphene/CNT functionalization. In sharp contrast to previous approaches, our strategy enables unprecedented functionalization of graphene/CNT without damaging their structures. As a consequence, the door for cross-dimensional architectures via hybridizing graphene/CNT with fullerenes has been opened. We will then summarize the diverse inter-SCA hybrids that we recently synthesized, ranging from interfullerene hybrids to those of cross-dimensional graphene/CNT-(endo)fullerenes hybrids as well as CNTs networks. For interfullerene hybrids, different types of fullerenes including empty fullerenes, heterofullerenes, and endohedral fullerenes have been employed. Finally, the prospects on the future challenges on inter-SCA hybrids are envisioned. This Account will provide fundamental insight into construction of inter-SCA hybrids and stimulate further efforts toward research on this emerging topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Process (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Process (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hirsch Andreas
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Process (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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36
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Abstract
Molecular containers can keep guest molecules in a confined space that is completely separated from the solution. They have wide potential applications, including selective trapping of reactive intermediates, catalysis within the cavity, and molecular delivery. Numerous molecular containers have been prepared through covalent bonds, metal-ligand interactions and H-bonding or hydrophobic interactions. Fullerenes are all-carbon molecules with a spherical structure. Partial opening of the cage structure results in open-cage fullerenes, which can serve as molecular containers for various small molecules and atoms. Compared with classical molecular containers, open-cage fullerenes exhibit some unusual phenomena because of the unique structure of the fullerene cage. The synthesis of an open-cage fullerene with a large enough orifice as a molecular container requires consecutive cleavage of multiple fullerene skeleton bonds within a local area on the cage surface. In spite of the difficulty, remarkable progress has been achieved. Several reactions have been reported to cleave fullerene C-C bonds selectively to form open-cage fullerenes, some of which have been successfully used as molecular containers for molecules such as H2O. The size and shape of the orifice play a key role in the encapsulation of the guest molecule. To date the focus in this area has been the preparation of open-cage fullerenes and encapsulation of small molecules. Little information has been reported about the functional properties of these host-guest systems. Potential applications of these systems need to be explored. This Account mainly presents our results on the encapsulation of small molecules in open-cage fullerenes prepared in my group. The preparation of our open-cage fullerenes is based on fullerene-mixed peroxides, which are briefly mentioned herein. The encapsulation and release of a single molecule of water is discussed in detail. Quantitative water encapsulation was achieved by heating the open-cage fullerene in a homogeneous CDCl3/H2O/EtOH mixture at 80 °C for 18 h. The kinetics of the water release process was studied by blackbody IR radiation-induced dissociation (BIRD) and theoretical calculations. The trapped water could also be released by H-bonding with HF. To control the encapsulation and release processes, we prepared open-cage fullerenes with a switchable stopper on the rim of the orifice. Besides H2O, encapsulations of H2, HF, CO, O2, and H2O2 were also achieved by using different open-cage fullerenes. The encapsulation of CO is quite unusual in that the trapped CO is derived from a fullerene skeleton carbon that was pushed into the cavity by oxidation under ambient conditions at room temperature. The trapped O2/H2O2 could be released slowly under mild conditions, and these systems are now being studied as a new type of oxygen-releasing materials for biomedical research. The present results demonstrate that open-cage fullerenes are suitable molecular containers for small molecules. Our future work will focus on optimizing the conditions for the preparation of open-cage fullerenes and applications of open-cage fullerenes in areas such as oxygen delivery for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, China
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37
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Chen Y, Cho CR, Manzhos S. Lithium Attachment to C60 and Nitrogen- and Boron-Doped C60: A Mechanistic Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2136. [PMID: 31277206 PMCID: PMC6651722 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene-based materials including C60 and doped C60 have previously been proposed as anodes for lithium ion batteries. It was also shown earlier that n- and p-doping of small molecules can substantially increase voltages and specific capacities. Here, we study ab initio the attachment of multiple lithium atoms to C60, nitrogen-doped C60 (n-type), and boron doped C60 (p-type). We relate the observed attachment energies (which determine the voltage) to changes in the electronic structure induced by Li attachment and by doping. We compare results with a GGA (generalized gradient approximation) functional and a hybrid functional and show that while they agree semi-quantitatively with respect to the expected voltages, there are qualitative differences in the electronic structure. We show that, contrary to small molecules, single atom n- and p-doping will not lead to practically useful modulation of the voltage-capacity curve beyond the initial stages of lithiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Chae-Ryong Cho
- Department of Nanoenergy Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sergei Manzhos
- Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC J3X1S2, Canada.
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38
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Lu F, Kerim A. A study of the aromaticity and ring currents of azaacepentalenes. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinjiang University Urumqi China
| | - Ablikim Kerim
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinjiang University Urumqi China
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39
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Zhao C, Nie M, Meng H, Wang C, Wang T. Synthesis and Structural Studies of Two Paramagnetic Metallofullerenes with Isomeric C 72 Cage. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8162-8168. [PMID: 31124674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized and isolated two paramagnetic metallofullerenes of La@C72 and Y@C72 with different fullerene cages, which were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. DFT calculations disclosed two possible isomers of La/Y@C72 with C72- C2 and C72- C2v cages, both of which have similar thermodynamic stability and one pair of fused pentagons. Their paramagnetic properties were then studied by EPR spectroscopy, and the obtained EPR signals were analyzed with very different hyperfine coupling constants, revealing distinct electron spin distributions for these two species. Furthermore, the experimental coupling constants were compared with those of calculated coupling constants, and comparison results revealed that the produced La@C72 has a C72- C2v cage and Y@C72 has a C72- C2 cage. These studies illustrate that the electron spin can be used as a probe to identify metallofullerene structure due to the susceptibility of spin-metal couplings. The successful isolation and characterizations of La@C72 and Y@C72 with such a small C72 cage reveal their stability that is important for application as paramagnetic molecule materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Mingzhe Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Haibing Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Chunru Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Taishan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
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40
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MarcoContelles J, Jagerovic N, Alhambra C. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3-Azido-3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose and C60. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/174751989902301122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The thermal cycloaddition of azido sugar 3 with C60 gives the chiral azafulleroid 4 in 2.55% yield (8% based in recovered C60).
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Affiliation(s)
- José MarcoContelles
- Institute de Química Orgánica General, Laboratorio de Radicales Libres (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
| | - C. Alhambra
- Institute de Química Orgánica General, Laboratorio de Radicales Libres (CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006-Madrid, Spain
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41
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Shang SS, Gao S. Heteroatom‐Enhanced Metal‐Free Catalytic Performance of Carbocatalysts for Organic Transformations. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sen S. Shang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Dalian 116023 P. R. China
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42
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Abstract
Full-carbon electronics at the scale of several angstroms is an expeimental challenge, which could be overcome by exploiting the versatility of carbon allotropes. Here, we investigate charge transport through graphene/single-fullerene/graphene hybrid junctions using a single-molecule manipulation technique. Such sub-nanoscale electronic junctions can be tuned by band gap engineering as exemplified by various pristine fullerenes such as C60, C70, C76 and C90. In addition, we demonstrate further control of charge transport by breaking the conjugation of their π systems which lowers their conductance, and via heteroatom doping of fullerene, which introduces transport resonances and increase their conductance. Supported by our combined density functional theory (DFT) calculations, a promising future of tunable full-carbon electronics based on numerous sub-nanoscale fullerenes in the large family of carbon allotropes is anticipated. All-carbon electronics holds promise beyond the conventional silicon-based electronics, but it remains challenging to manufacture them with well-defined structures thus tunability. Tan et al. control charge transport in single-molecule junctions using different fullerenes between graphene electrodes.
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43
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Stergiou A, Asad K, Kourtellaris A, Chronakis N, Tagmatarchis N. Tether‐Directed Regioselective Synthesis of an
Equatorial
face
Bisadduct of Azafullerene Using
Cyclo
‐[2]‐octylmalonate. Chemistry 2019; 25:5751-5756. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Stergiou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry InstituteNational Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 11635 Athens Greece
| | - Karam Asad
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus University str. 1, Building No. 13 2109 Aglantzia Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Andreas Kourtellaris
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus University str. 1, Building No. 13 2109 Aglantzia Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Nikos Chronakis
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Cyprus University str. 1, Building No. 13 2109 Aglantzia Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Nikos Tagmatarchis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry InstituteNational Hellenic Research Foundation 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue 11635 Athens Greece
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44
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Xu YY, Tian HR, Li SH, Chen ZC, Yao YR, Wang SS, Zhang X, Zhu ZZ, Deng SL, Zhang Q, Yang S, Xie SY, Huang RB, Zheng LS. Flexible decapyrrylcorannulene hosts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:485. [PMID: 30700716 PMCID: PMC6353959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of spherical fullerenes, or buckyballs, into single crystals for crystallographic identification often suffers from disordered arrangement. Here we show a chiral configuration of decapyrrylcorannulene that has a concave 'palm' of corannulene and ten flexible electron-rich pyrryl group 'fingers' to mimic the smart molecular 'hands' for self-adaptably cradling various buckyballs in a (+)hand-ball-hand(-) mode. As exemplified by crystallographic identification of 15 buckyball structures representing pristine, exohedral, endohedral, dimeric and hetero-derivatization, the pyrryl groups twist with varying dihedral angles to adjust the interaction between decapyrrylcorannulene and fullerene. The self-adaptable electron-rich pyrryl groups, susceptible to methylation, are theoretically revealed to contribute more than the bowl-shaped palm of the corannulene in holding buckyball structures. The generality of the present decapyrrylcorannulene host with flexible pyrryl groups facilitates the visualization of numerous unknown/unsolved fullerenes by crystallography and the assembly of the otherwise close-packed spherical fullerenes into two-dimensional layered structures by intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yan Xu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Han-Rui Tian
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shu-Hui Li
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shan-Shan Wang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zheng-Zhong Zhu
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shun-Liu Deng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qianyan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Rong-Bin Huang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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45
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Hashikawa Y, Murata Y. Probing the Regioselectivity with Encapsulated H
2
: Diels–Alder Reaction of an Open‐Cage C
60
Derivative with Anthracene. Chemistry 2019; 25:2482-2485. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasujiro Murata
- Institute for Chemical ResearchKyoto University Uji Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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46
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Vinit V, Ramachandran CN. Spin density transfer from guest to host in endohedral heterofullerene dimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7605-7612. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00442d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The endohedral heterofullerenes (B@C59B)2, (B@C59N)2, (N@C59B)2 and (B@C59N–N@C59B) are investigated using dispersion corrected density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinit Vinit
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
| | - C. N. Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
- Roorkee
- India
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47
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García-Rodeja Y, Solà M, Fernández I. Influence of the charge on the reactivity of azafullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28011-28018. [PMID: 30382266 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06031b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The influence of the charge on the Diels-Alder reactivity of azafullerenes (C59N+ and C59N-) has been computationally explored by means of density functional theory calculations. In addition, the regioselectivity of the process has been investigated and compared to the analogous cycloaddition reaction involving the parent neutral azahydro[60]fullerene C59NH. It is found that the [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction between C59N+ and cyclopentadiene, which occurs concertedly through a synchronous transition state, proceeds with a lower activation barrier and is more exothermic than the analogous process involving C59NH. In contrast, the anionic C59N- counterpart is clearly less reactive. This reactivity trend is quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the activation strain model of reactivity in combination with the energy decomposition analysis method. It is found that the frontier molecular orbital interactions are not responsible for the observed reactivity trend but the Pauli repulsion between closed-shells mainly governs the transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yago García-Rodeja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040-Madrid, Spain.
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48
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Liu S, Gao FW, Xu HL, Su ZM. Transition metals doped fullerenes: structures – NLO property relationships. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1538540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Yamada M, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Gewinnung reaktiver Fullerene aus Ruß durch exohedrale Derivatisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry; Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei; Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan
- Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba; Ibaraki 305-0821 Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry; Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku; Kyoto 606-8103 Japan
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50
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Yamada M, Akasaka T, Nagase S. Salvaging Reactive Fullerenes from Soot by Exohedral Derivatization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:13394-13405. [PMID: 29665229 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The awesome allotropy of carbon yields innumerable topologically possible cage structures of molecular carbon. This field is also related to endohedral metallofullerenes constructed by metal-atom encapsulation. Stable and soluble empty fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes are available in pure form in macroscopic amounts from carbon arc production or other physical processes followed by extraction and subsequent chromatographic separation. However, many other unidentified fullerene species, which must be reactive and insoluble in their pristine forms, remain in soot. These "missing" species must have extremely small HOMO-LUMO gaps and may have unconventional cage structures. Recent progress in this field has demonstrated that reactive fullerenes can be salvaged by exohedral derivatization, which can stabilize the reactive carbon cages. This concept provides a means of preparing macroscopic amounts of unconventional fullerenes as their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akasaka
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8501, Japan.,Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Foundation for Advancement of International Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0821, Japan.,State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Dye and Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shigeru Nagase
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
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