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Saraceni PR, Miccoli A, Bada A, Taddei AR, Mazzonna M, Fausto AM, Scapigliati G, Picchietti S. Polystyrene nanoplastics as an ecotoxicological hazard: cellular and transcriptomic evidences on marine and freshwater in vitro teleost models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173159. [PMID: 38761939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of marine and freshwater environments by nanoplastics is considered a global threat for aquatic biota. Taking into account the most recent concentration range estimates reported globally and recognizing a knowledge gap in polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) ecotoxicology, the present work investigated the harmful effects of 20 nm and 80 nm PS-NPs, at increasing biological complexity, on the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss RTG-2 and gilthead seabream Sparus aurata SAF-1 cell lines. Twenty nm PS-NPs exerted a greater cytotoxicity than 80 nm ones and SAF-1 were approximately 4-fold more vulnerable to PS-NPs than RTG-2. The engagement of PS-NPs with plasma membranes was accompanied by discernible uptake patterns and morphological alterations along with a nuclear translocation already within a 30-min exposure. Cells were structurally damaged only by the 20 nm PS-NPs in a time-dependent manner as indicated by distinctive features of the execution phase of the apoptotic cell death mechanism such as cell shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, translocation of phosphatidylserine to the outer leaflet of the cell membrane and DNA fragmentation. At last, functional analyses unveiled marked transcriptional impairment at both sublethal and lethal doses of 20 nm PS-NPs, with the latter impacting the "Steroid biosynthesis", "TGF-beta signaling pathway", "ECM-receptor interaction", "Focal adhesion", "Regulation of actin cytoskeleton" and "Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum" pathways. Overall, a distinct ecotoxicological hazard of PS-NPs at environmentally relevant concentrations was thoroughly characterized on two piscine cell lines. The effects were demonstrated to depend on size, exposure time and model, emphasizing the need for a comparative evaluation of endpoints between freshwater and marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Saraceni
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Department of Sustainability, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - A Miccoli
- National Research Council, Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - A Bada
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - A R Taddei
- Center of Large Equipments, Section of Electron Microscopy, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - M Mazzonna
- National Research Council, Institute for Biological Systems (ISB), 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - A M Fausto
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - G Scapigliati
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - S Picchietti
- Dept. for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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2
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Liu R, Zhao Y, Su S, Kwabil A, Njoku PC, Yu H, Li X. Unveiling cancer dormancy: Intrinsic mechanisms and extrinsic forces. Cancer Lett 2024; 591:216899. [PMID: 38649107 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells disseminate in various distant organs at early stages of cancer progression. These disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) can stay dormant/quiescent without causing patient symptoms for years or decades. These dormant tumor cells survive despite curative treatments by entering growth arrest, escaping immune surveillance, and/or developing drug resistance. However, these dormant cells can reactivate to proliferate, causing metastatic progression and/or relapse, posing a threat to patients' survival. It's unclear how cancer cells maintain dormancy and what triggers their reactivation. What are better approaches to prevent metastatic progression and relapse through harnessing cancer dormancy? To answer these remaining questions, we reviewed the studies of tumor dormancy and reactivation in various types of cancer using different model systems, including the brief history of dormancy studies, the intrinsic characteristics of dormant cells, and the external cues at the cellular and molecular levels. Furthermore, we discussed future directions in the field and the strategies for manipulating dormancy to prevent metastatic progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010070, China; Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Yawei Zhao
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Shang Su
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Augustine Kwabil
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Prisca Chinonso Njoku
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA
| | - Haiquan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 010070, China.
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43614, USA.
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3
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Thia ZZ, Ho YT, Shih KC, Tong L. New developments in the management of persistent corneal epithelial defects. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:1093-1114. [PMID: 37301520 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A persistent epithelial defect (PED) is a corneal epithelial defect that failed to heal after 2weeks. It is a condition that carries much morbidity, and our understanding of PED remains poor, with current treatment methods often having unsatisfactory outcomes. With PEDs becoming more prevalent, more efforts are required to establish reliable treatment modalities. Our reviews describe the causes of PEDs and the different approaches developed to manage them, as well as their associated limitations. Emphasis is placed on understanding various advances in the development of new treatment modalities. We have also described a case of a woman with a background of graft-versus-host disease on long-term topical corticosteroids who developed complicated PED involving both eyes. The current approach to managing PEDs generally involves exclusion of an active infection, followed by treatment modalities that aim to encourage corneal epithelial healing. Success rates, however, remain far from desirable, as treatment remains challenging due to multiple underlying etiologies. In summary, advances in the development of new therapies may be able to facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of PED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Zhe Thia
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yik To Ho
- Hong Kong University, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Louis Tong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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4
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Yang H, Li Z, Jin W, Yang A. Application progress of human amniotic membrane in vitreoretinopathy: a literature review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1206577. [PMID: 37881631 PMCID: PMC10597697 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1206577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the application of the amniotic membrane (AM) in ophthalmology is gradually expanding from the anterior to the posterior segment of the eye. Its characteristics of anti-inflammation, anti-bacterial, anti-vascularization, immune regulation, anti-fibrosis, pro-epithelialization, and so forth have made it a hot topic in ophthalmic research. AM has been confirmed to repair photoreceptors, restore normal retinal structures, and close the abnormal structures in the optic disc. Currently, the application areas mainly include retinal hole, retinal detachment, optic disc pit, retinal degenerative diseases, and choroidal hole. This article reviews the current literature applying AM transplantation in the treatment of various posterior segment diseases while comparing the clinical outcomes with other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Yang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziyue Li
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- First Clinical College, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Anhuai Yang
- Eye Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Tomasin R, Rodrigues AM, Manucci AC, Bruni-Cardoso A. A molecular landscape of quiescence and proliferation highlights the role of Pten in mammary gland acinogenesis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261178. [PMID: 37712332 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell context is key for cell state. Using physiologically relevant models of laminin-rich extracellular matrix (lrECM) induction of mammary epithelial cell quiescence and differentiation, we provide a landscape of the key molecules for the proliferation-quiescence decision, identifying multiple layers of regulation at the mRNA and protein levels. Quiescence occurred despite activity of Fak (also known as PTK2), Src and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), suggesting the existence of a disconnecting node between upstream and downstream proliferative signalling. Pten, a lipid and protein phosphatase, fulfils this role, because its inhibition increased proliferation and restored signalling via the Akt, mTORC1, mTORC2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Pten and laminin levels were positively correlated in developing murine mammary epithelia, and Pten localized apicolaterally in luminal cells in ducts and near the nascent lumen in terminal end buds. Consistently, in three-dimensional acinogenesis models, Pten was required for triggering and sustaining quiescence, polarity and architecture. The multilayered regulatory circuitry that we uncovered provides an explanation for the robustness of quiescence within a growth-suppressive microenvironment, which could nonetheless be disrupted by perturbations in master regulators such as Pten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Tomasin
- E-signal lab, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Rodrigues
- E-signal lab, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos Manucci
- E-signal lab, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- E-signal lab, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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6
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Pensotti A, Bertolaso M, Bizzarri M. Is Cancer Reversible? Rethinking Carcinogenesis Models-A New Epistemological Tool. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13050733. [PMID: 37238604 DOI: 10.3390/biom13050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies shows that it is possible to induce a phenotypic transformation of cancer cells from malignant to benign. This process is currently known as "tumor reversion". However, the concept of reversibility hardly fits the current cancer models, according to which gene mutations are considered the primary cause of cancer. Indeed, if gene mutations are causative carcinogenic factors, and if gene mutations are irreversible, how long should cancer be considered as an irreversible process? In fact, there is some evidence that intrinsic plasticity of cancerous cells may be therapeutically exploited to promote a phenotypic reprogramming, both in vitro and in vivo. Not only are studies on tumor reversion highlighting a new, exciting research approach, but they are also pushing science to look for new epistemological tools capable of better modeling cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pensotti
- Research Unit of Philosophy of Science and Human Development, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Bertolaso
- Research Unit of Philosophy of Science and Human Development, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariano Bizzarri
- Systems Biology Group Lab, Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
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7
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Mao Y, Protzman NM, John N, Kuehn A, Long D, Sivalenka R, Junka RA, Shah AU, Gosiewska A, Hariri RJ, Brigido SA. An in vitro comparison of human corneal epithelial cell activity and inflammatory response on differently designed ocular amniotic membranes and a clinical case study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:684-700. [PMID: 36370413 PMCID: PMC10099462 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane (AM) is a naturally derived biomaterial with biological and mechanical properties important to Ophthalmology. The epithelial side of the AM promotes epithelialization, while the stromal side regulates inflammation. However, not all AMs are equal. AMs undergo different processing with resultant changes in cellular content and structure. This study evaluates the effects of sidedness and processing on human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) activity, the effect of processing on HCEC inflammatory response, and then a case study is presented. Three differently processed, commercially available ocular AMs were selected: (1) Biovance®3L Ocular, a decellularized, dehydrated human AM (DDHAM), (2) AMBIO2®, a dehydrated human AM (DHAM), and (3) AmnioGraft®, a cryopreserved human AM (CHAM). HCECs were seeded onto the AMs and incubated for 1, 4 and 7 days. Cell adhesion and viability were evaluated using alamarBlue assay. HCEC migration was evaluated using a scratch wound assay. An inflammatory response was induced by TNF-α treatment. The effect of AM on the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in HCECs was compared using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Staining confirmed complete decellularization and the absence of nuclei in DDHAM. HCEC activity was best supported on the stromal side of DDHAM. Under inflammatory stimulation, DDHAM promoted a higher initial inflammatory response with a declining trend across time. Clinically, DDHAM was used to successfully treat anterior basement membrane dystrophy. Compared with DHAM and CHAM, DDHAM had significant positive effects on the cellular activities of HCECs in vitro, which may suggest greater ocular cell compatibility in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nicole M Protzman
- Department of Research, Healthcare Analytics, LLC, Easton, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nikita John
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Adam Kuehn
- Celularity Inc., Florham Park, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anish U Shah
- Ophthalmic Surgeon, Norwich Ophthalmology Group, Norwich, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Moravveji SS, Khoshbakht S, Mokhtari M, Salimi M, Lanjanian H, Nematzadeh S, Torkamanian-Afshar M, Masoudi-Nejad A. Impact of 5HydroxyMethylCytosine (5hmC) on reverse/direct association of cell-cycle, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix pathways in gastrointestinal cancers. BMC Genom Data 2022; 23:49. [PMID: 35768769 PMCID: PMC9241275 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-022-01061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) can lead to cancer progression. Identification of 5-hmC-related biological pathways in cancer studies can produce better understanding of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. We conducted a network-based analysis on 5-hmC levels extracted from circulating free DNAs (cfDNA) in GI cancers including colon, gastric, and pancreatic cancers, and from healthy donors. The co-5-hmC network was reconstructed using the weighted-gene co-expression network method. The cancer-related modules/subnetworks were detected. Preservation of three detected 5-hmC-related modules was assessed in an external dataset. The 5-hmC-related modules were functionally enriched, and biological pathways were identified. The relationship between modules was assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient (p-value < 0.05). An elastic network classifier was used to assess the potential of the 5-hmC modules in distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals. To assess the efficiency of the model, the Area Under the Curve (AUC) was computed using five-fold cross-validation in an external dataset. RESULTS The main biological pathways were the cell cycle, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. Direct association between the cell cycle and apoptosis, inverse association between apoptosis and ECM organization, and inverse association between the cell cycle and ECM organization were detected for the 5-hmC modules in GI cancers. An AUC of 92% (0.73-1.00) was observed for the predictive model including 11 genes. CONCLUSION The intricate association between biological pathways of identified modules may reveal the hidden significance of 5-hmC in GI cancers. The identified predictive model and new biomarkers may be beneficial in cancer detection and precision medicine using liquid biopsy in the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed Sajjad Moravveji
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Samane Khoshbakht
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Majid Mokhtari
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Engineering and Natural Science Faculty, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sajjad Nematzadeh
- Computer Engineering Department, Architecture and Engineering Faculty, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahsa Torkamanian-Afshar
- Computer Engineering Department, Architecture and Engineering Faculty, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Department of Bioinformatics, Kish International Campus, University of Tehran, Kish Island, Iran.
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Devarampati LJ, Koduganti RR, Savant S, Gullapelli P, Manchala S, Mydukuru A. Role of Placental Extracts in Periodontal Regeneration: A Literature Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e26042. [PMID: 35859977 PMCID: PMC9288833 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontium is a specialized tissue surrounding the teeth. It is made up of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. The healing of periodontal tissues when infected occurs through repair and regeneration. The central dogma of regenerative periodontics is to stimulate a cascade of healing events that, if coordinated well, can lead to proper tissue synthesis which in turn would play a very important part in managing periodontitis and preventing tooth loss. Many regenerative procedures are being followed in periodontics using newer and modified barrier membranes. Placental membranes like amnion, chorion and amnion-chorion membranes are one among these that serve the purpose because of their active components and therapeutic effects. This literature review highlights the benefits of placental extracts in regenerative periodontal therapy.
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Chen L, Shi H, Li Z, Yang F, Zhang X, Xue Y, Zhang H, Xue C. Molecular mechanism of protein dynamic change in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during depuration at different salinities uncovered by mass spectrometry-based proteomics combined with bioinformatics. Food Chem 2022; 394:133454. [PMID: 35753254 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Salinity stress during depuration of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) leads to degradation in quality; therefore, an understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating dynamic changes during depuration is needed. Here, C. gigas was depurated for 72 h at salinities ranging from 26 to 38 g/L, a ± 10-20% fluctuation from that in the production area, and the gill proteomes were analyzed by sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS). Of the 1218 proteins analyzed, 241 were differentiating proteins (DPs). Salinity stress led to increased levels of DPs associated with glycolysis and the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway, and decreased levels of DPs associated with the citric acid cycle, lipid metabolism, genetic information processing, and cell transformation, especially in oysters exposed to 38 g/L salinity (+20%). Controlling salinity fluctuation within ± 10% of the production area during depuration was conducive to maintaining quality in C. gigas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Haohao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Zhaojie Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Food and Agricultural Products Testing Agency, Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yong Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Food and Agricultural Products Testing Agency, Technology Center of Qingdao Customs District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yu Shan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for MarineScience and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, Shandong Province, PR China.
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11
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Crist SB, Nemkov T, Dumpit RF, Dai J, Tapscott SJ, True LD, Swarbrick A, Sullivan LB, Nelson PS, Hansen KC, Ghajar CM. Unchecked oxidative stress in skeletal muscle prevents outgrowth of disseminated tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:538-553. [PMID: 35411081 PMCID: PMC11312424 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-00881-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has long been recognized as an inhospitable site for disseminated tumour cells (DTCs). Yet its antimetastatic nature has eluded a thorough mechanistic examination. Here, we show that DTCs traffic to and persist within skeletal muscle in mice and in humans, which raises the question of how this tissue suppresses colonization. Results from mouse and organotypic culture models along with metabolomic profiling suggested that skeletal muscle imposes a sustained oxidative stress on DTCs that impairs their proliferation. Functional studies demonstrated that disrupting reduction-oxidation homeostasis via chemogenetic induction of reactive oxygen species slowed proliferation in a more fertile organ: the lung. Conversely, enhancement of the antioxidant potential of tumour cells through ectopic expression of catalase in the tumour or host mitochondria allowed robust colonization of skeletal muscle. These findings reveal a profound metabolic bottleneck imposed on DTCs and sustained by skeletal muscle. A thorough understanding of this biology could reveal previously undocumented DTC vulnerabilities that can be exploited to prevent metastasis in other more susceptible tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Crist
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ruth F Dumpit
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jinxiang Dai
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen J Tapscott
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lawrence D True
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Swarbrick
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucas B Sullivan
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
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12
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Hazarika K, Malik K, Adhyapok A, Debnath S. Lyophilised amniotic membrane in intraoral surgical defects: A prospective clinical study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2022; 12:5-10. [PMID: 36199459 PMCID: PMC9527846 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_152_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The incidence of infection and scarring in intraoral raw wounds are decreased when wounds are grafted with biological materials. The favourable results of many studies about amniotic membrane in wound healing inspired us to investigate the effects of lyophilised amniotic membrane in intaoral surgical defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing of oral mucosal defects after application of lyophilised amniotic membrane (AM). Methods: Fifteen patients with oral precancerous lesions were included in this study. Lyophilised amniotic membrane was applied to the intraoral surgical defect, after wide excision of the lesion. The effectiveness of the lyophilised AM was evaluated by scoring the following parameters operability, haemostatic status, pain, feeding situation, epithelialisation, change in mouth opening, mucosal suppleness and safety. Results: The lyophilised amniotic membrane has been found to be effective in this study after evaluation of the parameters. No infection or allergic reaction was noticed after application of the lyophilised amniotic membrane in intraoral surgical defects. Discussion: In our study, the size and site of the surgical defect influenced the scar contracture so we suggest lyophilised AM may not prevent scarring for extensive surgical defects. All other findings regarding the effectiveness of lyophilised amniotic membrane in oral wound healing are in accordance with the findings of other studies conducted on hyperdry and cryopreserved AM. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, the results showed that the lyophilised amniotic membrane is a cost effective material for immediate coverage of the intraoral surgical defects.
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The Potential of Metalloproteinase-9 Administration to Accelerate Mammary Involution and Boost the Immune System at Dry-Off. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123415. [PMID: 34944191 PMCID: PMC8697945 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The cow dry period is a critical period presenting a high risk of contracting intramammary infections. Active molecules to boost the innate immunity of the mammary gland and increase infection resilience could be decisive for the milking performance of dairy cows in the next lactation. Metalloproteinase-9 is a protein with a relevant role in facilitating the immune function and activating the regeneration of the mammary gland. The focus of this study was to test the role of the infusion of a recombinant version of metalloproteinase 9 at cow dry off, showing, contrary to expectations, that it is not able to enhance the innate immunity nor to improve the involution and regeneration of the mammary gland. Abstract The dry period is decisive for the milking performance of dairy cows. The promptness of mammary gland involution at dry-off affects not only the productivity in the next lactation, but also the risk of new intra-mammary infections since it is closely related with the activity of the immune system. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an enzyme present in the mammary gland and has an active role during involution by disrupting the extracellular matrix, mediating cell survival and the recruitment of immune cells. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of exogenous administration of a soluble and recombinant version of a truncated MMP-9 (rtMMP-9) to accelerate mammary involution and boost the immune system at dry-off, avoiding the use of antibiotics. Twelve Holstein cows were dried abruptly, and two quarters of each cow received an intra-mammary infusion of either soluble rtMMP-9 or a positive control based on immunostimulant inclusion bodies (IBs). The contralateral quarters were infused with saline solution as negative control. Samples of mammary secretion were collected during the week following dry-off to determine SCC, metalloproteinase activity, bovine serum albumin, lactoferrin, sodium, and potassium concentrations. The soluble form of rtMMP-9 increased endogenous metalloproteinase activity in the mammary gland compared with saline quarters but did not accelerate either the immune response or involution in comparison with control quarters. The results demonstrated that the strategy to increase the mammary gland immunocompetence by recombinant infusion of rtMMP-9 was unsuccessful.
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Rutherford TR, Elder AM, Lyons TR. Anoikis resistance in mammary epithelial cells is mediated by semaphorin 7a. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:872. [PMID: 34561423 PMCID: PMC8463677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Semaphorin-7a (SEMA7A), best known as a neuroimmune molecule, plays a diverse role in many cellular processes and pathologies. Here, we show that SEMA7A promotes anoikis resistance in cultured mammary epithelial cells through integrins and activation of pro-survival kinase AKT, which led us to investigate a role for SEMA7A during postpartum mammary gland involution-a normal developmental process where cells die by anoikis. Our results reveal that SEMA7A is expressed on live mammary epithelial cells during involution, that SEMA7A expression is primarily observed in α6-integrin expressing cells, and that luminal progenitor cells, specifically, are decreased in mammary glands of SEMA7A-/- mice during involution. We further identify a SEMA7A-α6/β1-integrin dependent mechanism of mammosphere formation and chemoresistance in mammary epithelial cells and suggest that this mechanism is relevant for recurrence in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor R Rutherford
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cell biology, Stem cell, and Development Graduate Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alan M Elder
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Cancer biology Graduate Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Traci R Lyons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Young Women's Breast Cancer Translational Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Cell biology, Stem cell, and Development Graduate Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Cancer biology Graduate Training Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Combinatorial therapy in tumor microenvironment: Where do we stand? Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188585. [PMID: 34224836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression by creating a dynamic interaction with cancer cells. The tumor microenvironment consists of various cellular components, including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells, cancer stem cells and vasculature, which provide a sustained environment for cancer cell proliferation. Currently, targeting tumor microenvironment is increasingly being explored as a novel approach to improve cancer therapeutics, as it influences the growth and expansion of malignant cells in various ways. Despite continuous advancements in targeted therapies for cancer treatment, drug resistance, toxicity and immune escape mechanisms are the basis of treatment failure and cancer escape. Targeting tumor microenvironment efficiently with approved drugs and combination therapy is the solution to this enduring challenge that involves combining more than one treatment modality such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and nanotherapy that can effectively and synergistically target the critical pathways associated with disease pathogenesis. This review shed light on the composition of the tumor microenvironment, interaction of different components within tumor microenvironment with tumor cells and associated hallmarks, the current status of combinatorial therapies being developed, and various growing advancements. Furthermore, computational tools can also be used to monitor the significance and outcome of therapies being developed. We addressed the perceived barriers and regulatory hurdles in developing a combinatorial regimen and evaluated the present status of these therapies in the clinic. The accumulating depth of knowledge about the tumor microenvironment in cancer may facilitate further development of effective treatment modalities. This review presents the tumor microenvironment as a sweeping landscape for developing novel cancer therapies.
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16
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Mushtaq U, Bashir M, Nabi S, Khanday FA. Epidermal growth factor receptor and integrins meet redox signaling through P66shc and Rac1. Cytokine 2021; 146:155625. [PMID: 34157521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines the concerted role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and integrins in regulating Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through different signaling pathways. ROS as such are not always deleterious to the cells but they also act as signaling molecules, that regulates numerous indespensible physiological fuctions of life. Many adaptor proteins, particularly Shc and Grb2, are involved in mediating the downstream signaling pathways stimulated by EGFR and integrins. Integrin-induced activation of EGFR and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation of a class of acceptor sites on EGFR leads to alignment and tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, PLCγ, the p85 subunit of PI-3 K, and Cbl, followed by activation of the downstream targets Erk and Akt/PKB. Functional interactions between these receptors result in the activation of Rac1 via these adaptor proteins, thereby leading to Reactive Oxygen Species. Both GF and integrin activation can produce oxidants independently, however synergistically there is increased ROS generation, suggesting a mutual cooperation between integrins and GFRs for redox signalling. The ROS produced further promotes feed-forward stimulation of redox signaling events such as MAPK activation and gene expression. This relationship has not been reviewed previously. The literature presented here can have multiple implications, ranging from looking at synergistic effects of integrin and EGFR mediated signaling mechanisms of different proteins to possible therapeutic interventions operated by these two receptors. Furthermore, such mutual redox regulation of crosstalk between EGFR and integrins not only add to the established models of pathological oxidative stress, but also can impart new avenues and opportunities for targeted antioxidant based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, JK 191201, India
| | - Muneesa Bashir
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India; Department of Higher Education, Government of Jammu & Kashmir, 190001, India
| | - Sumaiya Nabi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, JK 190006, India.
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Comprehensive understanding of anchorage-independent survival and its implication in cancer metastasis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:629. [PMID: 34145217 PMCID: PMC8213763 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Detachment is the initial and critical step for cancer metastasis. Only the cells that survive from detachment can develop metastases. Following the disruption of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions, cells are exposed to a totally different chemical and mechanical environment. During which, cells inevitably suffer from multiple stresses, including loss of growth stimuli from ECM, altered mechanical force, cytoskeletal reorganization, reduced nutrient uptake, and increased reactive oxygen species generation. Here we review the impact of these stresses on the anchorage-independent survival and the underlying molecular signaling pathways. Furthermore, its implications in cancer metastasis and treatment are also discussed.
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18
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Shor RE, Dai J, Lee SY, Pisarsky L, Matei I, Lucotti S, Lyden D, Bissell MJ, Ghajar CM. The PI3K/mTOR inhibitor Gedatolisib eliminates dormant breast cancer cells in organotypic culture, but fails to prevent metastasis in preclinical settings. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:130-147. [PMID: 34058066 PMCID: PMC8732345 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dormant, disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) are thought to be the source of breast cancer metastases several years or even decades after initial treatment. To date, a selective therapy that leads to their elimination has not been discovered. While dormant DTCs resist chemotherapy, evidence suggests that this resistance is driven not by their lack of proliferation, but by their engagement of the surrounding microenvironment, via integrin‐β1‐mediated interactions. Because integrin‐β1‐targeted agents have not been translated readily to the clinic, signaling nodes downstream of integrin‐β1 could serve as attractive therapeutic targets in order to sensitize dormant DTCs to therapy. By probing a number of kinases downstream of integrin‐β1, we determined that PI3K inhibition with either a tool compounds or a compound (PF‐05212384; aka Gedatolisib) in clinical trials robustly sensitizes quiescent breast tumor cells seeded in organotypic bone marrow cultures to chemotherapy. These results motivated the preclinical study of whether Gedatolisib—with or without genotoxic therapy—would reduce DTC burden and prevent metastases. Despite promising results in organotypic culture, Gedatolisib failed to reduce DTC burden or delay, reduce or prevent metastasis in murine models of either triple‐negative or estrogen receptor‐positive breast cancer dissemination and metastasis. This result held true whether analyzing Gedatolisib on its own (vs. vehicle‐treated animals) or in combination with dose‐dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (vs. animals treated only with dose‐dense chemotherapies). These data suggest that PI3K is not the node downstream of integrin‐β1 that confers chemotherapeutic resistance to DTCs. More broadly, they cast doubt on the strategy to target PI3K in order to eliminate DTCs and prevent breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryann E Shor
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jinxiang Dai
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA
| | - Laura Pisarsky
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Irina Matei
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serena Lucotti
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Lyden
- Children's Cancer and Blood Foundation Laboratories, Department of Pediatrics, and Cell and Developmental Biology, Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA, USA
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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Kim K, Min S, Kim D, Kim H, Roh S. A Rho Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitor, Y-27632, Inhibits the Dissociation-Induced Cell Death of Salivary Gland Stem Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092658. [PMID: 34062818 PMCID: PMC8124333 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary gland stem cells (SGSCs) are potential cell sources for the treatment of salivary gland diseases. The control of cell survival is an essential factor for applying stem cells to regenerative medicine or stem cell-based research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on the survival of SGSCs and its underlying mechanisms. SGSCs were isolated from mouse submandibular glands and cultured in suspension. Treatment with Y-27632 restored the viability of SGSCs that was significantly decreased during isolation and the subsequent culture. Y-27632 upregulated the expression of anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 in SGSCs and, in the apoptosis assay, significantly reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell populations. Matrigel was used to mimic the extracellular environment of an intact salivary gland. The expression of genes regulating apoptosis and the ROCK signaling pathway was significantly reduced when SGSCs were embedded in Matrigel. SGSCs cultured in Matrigel and treated with Y-27632 showed no difference in the total numbers of spheroids and expression levels of apoptosis-regulating genes. Matrigel-embedded SGSCs treated with Y-27632 increased the number of spheroids with budding structures and the expression of acinar cell-specific marker AQP5. We demonstrate the protective effects of Y-27632 against dissociation-induced apoptosis of SGSCs during their culture in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kichul Kim
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sol Min
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Daehwan Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3 Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA;
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea;
| | - Sangho Roh
- Cellular Reprogramming and Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 08826, Korea; (K.K.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-2333
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20
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Xiao Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Feng H, Li Z, Chen H. Interaction between endogenous H 2O 2 and OsVPE3 in the GA-induced PCD of rice aleurone layers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:691-705. [PMID: 33559721 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is involved in regulating the gibberellic acid-induced programmed cell death (PCD) of the aleurone layers by cooperating with OsVPE3 during rice seed germination. Preliminary experiments revealed that H2O2 produced by the NOX pathway is the key factor affecting rice germination. Histochemical analysis indicated that H2O2 is located in the aleurone layer. Both the H2O2 scavenger DMTU and the NOX inhibitor DPI decreased H2O2 content and significantly slowed down vacuolation in a dose-dependent manner. Interestingly, DMTU down-regulated the OsNOX8 transcript or DMTU and DPI decreased the intracellular H2O2 level, resulting in a delay of PCD. In contrast, GA and H2O2 up-regulated the OsNOX8 transcript and intracellular H2O2 level, leading to premature PCD, and the effects of GA and H2O2 were reversed by DMTU and DPI, respectively. These results showed that the imbalance of intracellular H2O2 levels leads to the delayed or premature PCD. Further experiments indicated that GA up-regulated the OsVPE3 transcript and VPE activity, and the effect was reversed by DPI. Furthermore, Ac-YVAD-CMK significantly blocked H2O2 accumulation, and DPI + Ac-YVAD-CMK had a more significant inhibitory effect compared with DPI alone, resulting in the delayed PCD, suggesting that OsVPE3 regulates PCD by promoting H2O2 generation. Meanwhile, DPI significantly inhibited the OsVPE3 transcript and VPE activity, and in turn delayed PCD occurrence, suggesting that the H2O2 produced by the NOX pathway may regulate PCD by up-regulating the OsVPE3 transcript. Thus, the endogenous H2O2 produced by the NOX pathway mediates the GA-induced PCD of rice aleurone layers by interacting with OsVPE3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Heting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Hongyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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Guérin LP, Le-Bel G, Desjardins P, Couture C, Gillard E, Boisselier É, Bazin R, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Human Tissue-Engineered Cornea (hTEC): Recent Progress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031291. [PMID: 33525484 PMCID: PMC7865732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Each day, about 2000 U.S. workers have a job-related eye injury requiring medical treatment. Corneal diseases are the fifth cause of blindness worldwide. Most of these diseases can be cured using one form or another of corneal transplantation, which is the most successful transplantation in humans. In 2012, it was estimated that 12.7 million people were waiting for a corneal transplantation worldwide. Unfortunately, only 1 in 70 patients received a corneal graft that same year. In order to provide alternatives to the shortage of graftable corneas, considerable progress has been achieved in the development of living corneal substitutes produced by tissue engineering and designed to mimic their in vivo counterpart in terms of cell phenotype and tissue architecture. Most of these substitutes use synthetic biomaterials combined with immortalized cells, which makes them dissimilar from the native cornea. However, studies have emerged that describe the production of tridimensional (3D) tissue-engineered corneas using untransformed human corneal epithelial cells grown on a totally natural stroma synthesized by living corneal fibroblasts, that also show appropriate histology and expression of both extracellular matrix (ECM) components and integrins. This review highlights contributions from laboratories working on the production of human tissue-engineered corneas (hTECs) as future substitutes for grafting purposes. It overviews alternative models to the grafting of cadaveric corneas where cell organization is provided by the substrate, and then focuses on their 3D counterparts that are closer to the native human corneal architecture because of their tissue development and cell arrangement properties. These completely biological hTECs are therefore very promising as models that may help understand many aspects of the molecular and cellular mechanistic response of the cornea toward different types of diseases or wounds, as well as assist in the development of novel drugs that might be promising for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Philippe Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Gaëtan Le-Bel
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Pascale Desjardins
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Couture
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Elodie Gillard
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Élodie Boisselier
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Richard Bazin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice—Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; (L.-P.G.); (G.L.-B.); (P.D.); (C.C.); (E.G.); (É.B.); (R.B.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-682-7565
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22
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Crist SB, Ghajar CM. When a House Is Not a Home: A Survey of Antimetastatic Niches and Potential Mechanisms of Disseminated Tumor Cell Suppression. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2020; 16:409-432. [PMID: 33276706 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-012419-032647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, the cancer biology field has concentrated on cellular and microenvironmental drivers of metastasis. Despite this focus, mortality rates upon diagnosis of metastatic disease remain essentially unchanged. Would a small change in perspective help? Knowing what constitutes an inhospitable, rather than hospitable, microenvironment could provide the inspiration necessary to develop better therapies and preventative strategies. In this review, we canvas the literature for hints about what characteristics four common antimetastatic niches-skeletal muscle, spleen, thyroid, and yellow bone marrow-have in common. We posit that thorough molecular and mechanistic characterization of antimetastatic tissues may inspire reimagined therapies that inhibit metastatic development and/or progression in an enduring manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah B Crist
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; , .,Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Public Health Sciences Division/Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA; ,
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23
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Kumar S, Hirani T, Shah S, Mehta R, Bhakkand SR, Shishoo D. Treating Public Health Dilemma of Gingival Recession by the Dehydrated Amnion Allograft: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2020; 1:540211. [PMID: 35047979 PMCID: PMC8757781 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2020.540211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of dehydrated amnion allograft with coronally positioned flap procedure in paired Miller's class I recession defects. Methods: A total of 51 subjects were included in the study with bilateral Miller's class I gingival recession defects. In the test group, patients were treated with an amniotic membrane (AM) with a coronally positioned flap, while in the control group, patients were treated with coronally positioned flap alone. Clinical parameters such as recession depth, recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), relative attachment level (RAL), width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and thickness of keratinized gingiva (TKG) were recorded at baseline and after 5 years of follow-up. Result: The mean baseline recession was 2.95 ± 0.89 in the test group and 2.70 ± 0.85 in the control group, and both were statically non-significant. At the end of 6 months, all the parameters, when compared with the baseline, showed a significant improvement. Intergroup comparison showed the non-significant difference in all settings except the TKG. Conclusion: AM proved to help improve the TKG. This increase in thickness helps in the long-term maintenance of the gingival margin in Miller's class I recession defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Tanvi Hirani
- Department of Periodontology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Sujay Shah
- Department of Periodontology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Rupal Mehta
- Department of Periodontology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Susmita R Bhakkand
- Department of Periodontology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Deepak Shishoo
- Department of Physiology, Karnavati School of Dentistry, Karnavati University, Gandhinagar, India
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24
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Miles LA, Vago JP, Sousa LP, Parmer RJ. Functions of the plasminogen receptor Plg-R KT. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18:2468-2481. [PMID: 32662180 PMCID: PMC7722214 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Plg-RKT is a structurally unique transmembrane plasminogen receptor with both N- and C-terminal domains exposed on the extracellular face of the cell. Its C-terminal lysine functions to tether plasminogen to cell surfaces. Overexpression of Plg-RKT increases cell surface plasminogen binding capacity while genetic deletion of Plg-RKT decreases plasminogen binding. Plasminogen binding to Plg-RKT results in promotion of plasminogen activation to the broad spectrum serine protease plasmin. This function is promoted by the physical association of Plg-RKT with the urokinase receptor (uPAR). Plg-RKT is broadly expressed in cells and tissues throughout the organism and its sequence is remarkably conserved phylogenetically. Plg-RKT also is required for lactation and, thus, is necessary for survival of the species. This review provides an overview of established and emerging functions of Plg-RKT and highlights major roles for Plg-RKT in both the initiation and resolution of inflammation. While the roles for Plg-RKT in the inflammatory response are predominantly plasmin(ogen)-dependent, its role in lactation requires both plasminogen-dependent and plasminogen-independent mechanisms. Furthermore, the functions of Plg-RKT are dependent on sex. In view of the broad tissue distribution of Plg-RKT , its role in a broad array of physiological and pathological processes should provide a fruitful area for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Miles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Juliana P. Vago
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia P. Sousa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Robert J. Parmer
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
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25
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Maini S, Hurley-Bennett K, Dawson C. Case Series Describing the Use of Low-Temperature Vacuum-Dehydrated Amnion (Omnigen) for the Treatment of Corneal Ulcers in Cats and Dogs: 46 Cases (2016-2017). Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 41:100474. [PMID: 32919060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amniotic membrane is widely used in the treatment of ocular surface disorders in human and veterinary patients. Preservation and storage of amnion has proven challenging, prompting the development of new preservation techniques. Omnigen, a novel low-temperature vacuum-dehydrated amnion, is reported to possess enhanced structural properties and biochemical stability in vitro, but its clinical use in veterinary patients is not well described. This study aims to document and describe the varied use of Omnigen for the surgical treatment of corneal ulceration in cats and dogs. A total of 45 patients (46 eyes) were recruited from the clinical record system of the Royal Veterinary College (London) between January 2016 and December 2017. Brachycephalic breeds were over-represented (37/45; 82.2%). Omnigen was used as a standalone graft in 5/46 (10.9%) eyes, as a supplementary graft in 29/46 (63.0%) eyes and as a patch in 12/46 (26.1%) eyes. Graft failure occurred in 10/46 eyes (21.7%). At final examination 43/46 eyes (93.5%) had healed and 31/33 eyes (93.9%) were visual. This study demonstrates the successful use of Omnigen for the surgical treatment of corneal ulceration in cats and dogs. Further studies are needed to clarify its properties and benefits in the clinical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Maini
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK.
| | - Kiera Hurley-Bennett
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK
| | - Charlotte Dawson
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, Ophthalmology Service, University of London, North Mymms, Herts, UK
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26
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Messmer EM. [Wound healing following amniotic membrane, limbal stem cell and corneal transplantation]. Ophthalmologe 2020; 117:1163-1170. [PMID: 32833114 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-020-01211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of wound healing processes involved in amniotic membrane, limbal stem cell and corneal transplantation enables an assessment of clinical findings and a targeted treatment. The amniotic membrane serves as a basal membrane substrate or temporary transplant in corneal epithelial wound healing. It has an anti-inflammatory effect, supports corneal wound healing and counteracts scar formation. Amniotic membranes are integrated intraepithelially, subepithelially, or intrastromally in the course of healing. Limbal epithelial stem cells express multiple genes necessary for corneal wound healing. The rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y‑27632 can improve the proliferation of limbal epithelial cells and therefore represents a new therapeutic option for limbal stem cell deficiency. Wound healing following penetrating keratoplasty involves fibroblasts, type III and IV collagens, proteoglycans, and chondroitin-6-sulfate. A certain inflammatory reaction seems to be necessary for final corneal wound closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Messmer
- Augenklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Mathildenstr. 8, 80336, München, Deutschland.
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27
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Walkden A. Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Ophthalmology: An Updated Perspective. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:2057-2072. [PMID: 32801614 PMCID: PMC7383023 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s208008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this paper is to provide a succinct literature review of the different clinical applications for AMT usage in an ophthalmic setting, ranging from commonly used applications to less mainstream approaches. The hope is that this review enables the reader to have a better understanding of the biological properties of amnion as well as the indications and scenarios in which AMT can be used, whilst presenting relevant evidence from within the literature which may be of interest. We also provide an update on the methods of preservation of amniotic membrane and the application methodologies. Methods Literature search. A PubMed search was performed using the search terms “amniotic membrane transplant”, “amnion AND cornea”, amnion AND ophthalmology”, “amnion AND ocular surface” and “Amnion AND eye”. A full review of the literature using the PubMed database was conducted up until 01/05/20. The articles used were written in English, with all articles accessed in full. Both review articles and original articles were used for this review. All full publications related to ophthalmology were considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Walkden
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,University of Manchester Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK
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28
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Potential of MMP-9 based nanoparticles at optimizing the cow dry period: pulling apart the effects of MMP-9 and nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11299. [PMID: 32647244 PMCID: PMC7347913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The cow dry period is a non-milking interval where the mammary gland involutes and regenerates to guarantee an optimal milk production in the subsequent lactation. Important bottlenecks such as the high risk of intramammary infections complicate the process. Antibiotics have been routinely used as a preventive treatment but the concerns about potential antibiotic resistance open a new scenario in which alternative strategies have to be developed. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is an enzyme able to degrade the extracellular matrix, triggering the involution and immune function of cow mammary gland. We have studied the infusion into the mammary gland of MMP-9 inclusion bodies as protein-based nanoparticles, demonstrating that 1.2 mg of MMP-9 enhanced the involution and immune function of the cow mammary gland. However, the comparison of the effects triggered by the administration of an active and an inactive form of MMP-9 led to conclude that the response observed in the bovine mammary gland was mainly due to the protein format but not to the biological activity of the MMP-9 embedded in the inclusion body. This study provides relevant information on the future use of protein inclusion bodies in cow mammary gland and the role of MMP-9 at dry-off.
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29
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Nicolini A, Rossi G, Ferrari P, Carpi A. Minimal residual disease in advanced or metastatic solid cancers: The G0-G1 state and immunotherapy are key to unwinding cancer complexity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 79:68-82. [PMID: 32201368 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, a large amount of research has focused on elucidating the mechanisms that account for homing disseminated cancer cells (DCCs) from solid tumours to distant organs, which successively progress to overt metastatic disease; this is currently incurable. A better understanding of DCC behaviour is expected to allow detectable metastasis prevention by more effectively targeting 'metastatic seeds before they sprout'. As DCC biology co-evolved with that of the primary tumour, and due to the many similarities between them, the term 'niche' has been borrowed from normal adult stem cells (ASCs) to define the site of DCC metastatic colonisation. Moreover, heterogeneity, survival, protection, stemness and plasticity as well as the prolonged G0-G1 dormant state in the metastatic niche have been the main aspects of intense investigation. Consistent with these findings, in solid cancers with minimal residual disease (MRD), it has been proposed to prolong adjuvant therapy by targeting specific molecular pathway(s) involving DCC dormancy. However, so far, few disappointing clinical data have been reported. As an alternative strategy, because immune-surveillance contributes to the steady state of the DCC population and likely to the G0-G1 state of cancer cells, we have used prolonged immune-modulatory cytostatic chemotherapy, active immune stimulation with an INF-β/IL-2 sequence or drugs inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)/Treg-mediated immune suppression. This strategy, mainly aimed at boosting the immune response, is based on recent findings suggesting the downregulation of immune escape mechanisms as well as other principal hallmarks during the G0-G1 state and/or in MRD. Preliminary clinical and/or laboratory data suggest the efficacy of this strategy in gastrointestinal and some endocrine-dependent cancers. Following this, we propose therapeutic schedules to prevent DCC activation and proliferation in solid cancers at a high risk of relapse or as maintenance therapy in metastatic patients after complete response (CR) to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Rossi
- National Research Council (CNR), Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Institute of Clinical Physiology and G. Monasterio Foundation, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Carpi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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30
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Berger C, Bjørlykke Y, Hahn L, Mühlemann M, Kress S, Walles H, Luxenhofer R, Ræder H, Metzger M, Zdzieblo D. Matrix decoded - A pancreatic extracellular matrix with organ specific cues guiding human iPSC differentiation. Biomaterials 2020; 244:119766. [PMID: 32199284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.119766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix represents a dynamic microenvironment regulating essential cell functions in vivo. Tissue engineering approaches aim to recreate the native niche in vitro using biological scaffolds generated by organ decellularization. So far, the organ specific origin of such scaffolds was less considered and potential consequences for in vitro cell culture remain largely elusive. Here, we show that organ specific cues of biological scaffolds affect cellular behavior. In detail, we report on the generation of a well-preserved pancreatic bioscaffold and introduce a scoring system allowing standardized inter-study quality assessment. Using multiple analysis tools for in-depth-characterization of the biological scaffold, we reveal unique compositional, physico-structural, and biophysical properties. Finally, we prove the functional relevance of the biological origin by demonstrating a regulatory effect of the matrix on multi-lineage differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells emphasizing the significance of matrix specificity for cellular behavior in artificial microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Berger
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yngvild Bjørlykke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lukas Hahn
- Functional Polymer Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Mühlemann
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kress
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heike Walles
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany; Otto-von Guericke University, Core Facility Tissue Engineering, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Luxenhofer
- Functional Polymer Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Bavarian Polymer Institute, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helge Ræder
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marco Metzger
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Zdzieblo
- Chair Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC-RT), Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Würzburg, Germany.
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31
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Some Ototoxic Drugs Destroy Cochlear Support Cells Before Damaging Sensory Hair Cells. Neurotox Res 2020; 37:743-752. [PMID: 31997155 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of ototoxic drugs are capable of damaging the sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea resulting in permanent hearing loss. However, the toxic properties of these drugs suggest that some could potentially damage cochlear support cells as well. To test the hypothesis, we treated postnatal day three rat cochlear cultures with toxic doses of gentamicin, cisplatin, mefloquine, and cadmium. Gentamicin primarily destroyed the hair cells and disrupted the intercellular connection with the surrounding support cells. Gentamicin-induced hair cell death was initiated through the caspase-9 intrinsic apoptotic pathway followed by activation of downstream executioner caspase-3. In contrast, cisplatin, mefloquine, and cadmium initially damaged the support cells and only later damaged the hair cells. Support cell death was initiated through the caspase-8 extrinsic apoptotic pathway followed later by downstream activation of caspase-3. Cisplatin, mefloquine, and cadmium significantly reduced the expression of actin and laminin, in the extracellular matrix, leading to significant disarray of the sensory epithelium.
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32
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The Extracellular Matrix Modulates the Metastatic Journey. Dev Cell 2020; 49:332-346. [PMID: 31063753 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is perturbed in tumors. The tumor matrix promotes the growth, survival, and invasion of the cancer and modifies fibroblast and immune cell behavior to drive metastasis and impair treatment. Here, we discuss how the tumor matrix regulates metastasis by fostering tumor cell invasion into the stroma and migration toward the vasculature. We describe the role of the tumor matrix in cancer cell intravasation and vascular dissemination. We examine the impact of the matrix on disseminated tumor cell extravasation and on tumor dormancy and metastatic outgrowth. Finally, we discuss the clinical outcome of therapeutics that normalize tumor-matrix interactions.
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33
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Zhao X, Ponchon B, Lanctôt S, Lacasse P. Invited review: Accelerating mammary gland involution after drying-off in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6701-6717. [PMID: 31202662 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bovine mammary gland involution, as a part of the reproductive cycle in dairy cows, is a very important remodeling transformation of the mammary gland for the subsequent lactation. There is considerable incentive to accelerate mammary gland involution to improve udder health, shorten the dry period, and simplify the management process by reducing dietary changes. The complex process of mammary involution is characterized by morphological changes in the epithelial cells and mammary tissue, changes in the composition of mammary secretions, and changes in the integrity of tight junctions. Involution is facilitated by elements of the immune system and several types of proteases and is coordinated by various types of hormones. This review first describes the involution process and then argues for the need to accelerate it. Last, this review focuses on various intervention methods for accelerating involution. Our aim is to provide a comprehensive overview of bovine mammary gland involution as well as potential techniques and new opinions for dry cow management.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9.
| | - B Ponchon
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada H9X 3V9
| | - S Lanctôt
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
| | - P Lacasse
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1M 0C8
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34
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Wallace RM, Hart ML, Egen TE, Schmelzle A, Smith MF, Pohler KG, Green JA. Bovine pregnancy associated glycoproteins can alter selected transcripts in bovine endometrial explants. Theriogenology 2019; 131:123-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Hirota M, Ikeda T, Sugita Y, Ishijima M, Hirota S, Ogawa T. Impaired osteoblastic behavior and function on saliva-contaminated titanium and its restoration by UV treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:165-177. [PMID: 30948050 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine behavior and function of osteoblasts on saliva-contaminated titanium and its potential improvement after UV light treatment. Acid-etched titanium disks were contaminated with human saliva. Osteoblasts derived from rat femur were cultured on contaminated and clean titanium disks. Contaminated disks further treated with UV light were also tested. The number of attached cells, the degree of cell spreading, and the expression of adhesion protein were significantly decreased on saliva-contaminated surfaces compared with clean surfaces. The gene expression of osteocalcin was also downregulated on contaminated surfaces, whereas ALP activity and mineralization were not significantly influenced. The impaired functions on contaminated surfaces were significantly increased if the surfaces were further treated with UV and even outperformed the ones on clean titanium surfaces. XPS analysis revealed that the atomic percentage of carbon and nitrogen detected on contaminated surfaces were substantially decreased after UV treatment. These results suggest that osteoblastic behavior and function were compromised on titanium surfaces contaminated with saliva. The compromised functions no longer happened if the surfaces were further treated with UV light, providing the basis to understand the effect of biological contamination on osseointegration and to explore UV treatment as a decontaminating technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Hirota
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Manabu Ishijima
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Satoko Hirota
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Laboratory for bone and implant Sciences, The Jane and Jerry Weintraub center for reconstructive biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, United States of America
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36
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Jena MK, Jaswal S, Kumar S, Mohanty AK. Molecular mechanism of mammary gland involution: An update. Dev Biol 2019; 445:145-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang F, Li G, Ning J, Chen L, Xu H, Kong X, Bu J, Zhao W, Li Z, Wang X, Li X, Ma J. Alcohol accumulation promotes esophagitis via pyroptosis activation. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1245-1255. [PMID: 30123073 PMCID: PMC6097477 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux impairs the mucosal barrier in the distal esophagus, allowing chronic exposure of the squamous epithelium to multitudinous stimulations and inducing chronic inflammation. Esophagitis is a response to inflammation of the esophageal squamous mucosa. Our study clarified that alcohol accumulation could aggravate the progress of esophagitis by inducing pyroptosis; however, Ac-YVAD-CMK, an inhibitor of caspase-1, could effectively suppress the expression of IL-1β and IL-18 both in vivo and in vitro, reducing the inflammatory response, which is promised to be an agent to inhibit the progression of esophagitis. Additionally, caspase-1-derived pyroptosis is involved in esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Jinfeng Ning
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Lantao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xianglong Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jianlong Bu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhengtian Li
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiuyun Wang
- Department of Abdominal Ultrasound, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jianqun Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150001, China
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Zhang J, Sun H, Salvi R, Ding D. Paraquat initially damages cochlear support cells leading to anoikis-like hair cell death. Hear Res 2018; 364:129-141. [PMID: 29563067 PMCID: PMC5984146 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Paraquat (PQ), one of the most widely used herbicides, is extremely dangerous because it generates the highly toxic superoxide radical. When paraquat was applied to cochlear organotypic cultures, it not only damaged the outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs), but also caused dislocation of the hair cell rows. We hypothesized that the dislocation arose from damage to the support cells (SCs) that anchors hair cells within the epithelium. To test this hypothesis, rat postnatal cochlear cultures were treated with PQ. Shortly after PQ treatment, the rows of OHCs separated from one another and migrated radially away from IHCs suggesting loss of cell-cell adhesion that hold the hair cells in proper alignment. Hair cells dislocation was associated with extensive loss of SCs in the organ of Corti, loss of tympanic border cells (TBCs) beneath the basilar membrane, the early appearance of superoxide staining and caspase-8 labeling in SCs below the OHCs and disintegration of E-cadherin and β-catenin in the organ of Corti. Damage to the TBCs and SCs occurred prior to loss of OHC or IHC loss suggesting a form of detachment-induced apoptosis referred to as anoikis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Richard Salvi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA; Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dalian Ding
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China; Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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Girnius N, Davis RJ. JNK Promotes Epithelial Cell Anoikis by Transcriptional and Post-translational Regulation of BH3-Only Proteins. Cell Rep 2018; 21:1910-1921. [PMID: 29141222 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental morphogenesis, tissue injury, and oncogenic transformation can cause the detachment of epithelial cells. These cells are eliminated by a specialized form of apoptosis (anoikis). While the processes that contribute to this form of cell death have been studied, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we tested the role of the cJUN NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway using murine models with compound JNK deficiency in mammary and kidney epithelial cells. These studies demonstrated that JNK is required for efficient anoikis in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, JNK-promoted anoikis required pro-apoptotic members of the BCL2 family of proteins. We show that JNK acts through a BAK/BAX-dependent apoptotic pathway by increasing BIM expression and phosphorylating BMF, leading to death of detached epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nomeda Girnius
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Roger J Davis
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Fiore APZP, Ribeiro PDF, Bruni-Cardoso A. Sleeping Beauty and the Microenvironment Enchantment: Microenvironmental Regulation of the Proliferation-Quiescence Decision in Normal Tissues and in Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:59. [PMID: 29930939 PMCID: PMC6001001 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells from prokaryota to the more complex metazoans cease proliferating at some point in their lives and enter a reversible, proliferative-dormant state termed quiescence. The appearance of quiescence in the course of evolution was essential to the acquisition of multicellular specialization and compartmentalization and is also a central aspect of tissue function and homeostasis. But what makes a cell cease proliferating even in the presence of nutrients, growth factors, and mitogens? And what makes some cells "wake up" when they should not, as is the case in cancer? Here, we summarize and discuss evidence showing how microenvironmental cues such as those originating from metabolism, extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and arrangement, neighboring cells and tissue architecture control the cellular proliferation-quiescence decision, and how this complex regulation is corrupted in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- e-Signal Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Effect of fresh human amniotic membrane on radiation-induced wounds in a murine experimental model. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-017-1380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Cao R, Wang Q, Yang D, Liu Y, Ran W, Qu Y, Wu H, Cong M, Li F, Ji C, Zhao J. CO 2-induced ocean acidification impairs the immune function of the Pacific oyster against Vibrio splendidus challenge: An integrated study from a cellular and proteomic perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 625:1574-1583. [PMID: 29996454 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) and pathogenic diseases pose a considerable threat to key species of marine ecosystem. However, few studies have investigated the combined impact of reduced seawater pH and pathogen challenge on the immune responses of marine invertebrates. In this study, Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were exposed to OA (~2000 ppm) for 28 days and then challenged with Vibrio splendidus for another 72 h. Hemocyte parameters showed that V. splendidus infection exacerbated the impaired oyster immune responses under OA exposure. An iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis revealed that C. gigas responded differently to OA stress and V. splendidus challenge, alone or in combination. Generally, OA appears to act via a generalized stress response by causing oxidative stress, which could lead to cellular injury and cause disruption to the cytoskeleton, protein turnover, immune responses and energy metabolism. V. splendidus challenge in oysters could suppress the immune system directly and lead to a disturbed cytoskeleton structure, increased protein turnover and energy metabolism suppression, without causing oxidative stress. The combined OA- and V. splendidus-treated oysters ultimately presented a similar, but stronger proteomic response pattern compared with OA treatment alone. Overall, the impaired oyster immune functions caused by OA exposure may have increased the risk of V. splendidus infection. These results have important implications for the impact of OA on disease outbreaks in marine invertebrates, which would have significant economic and ecological repercussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Cao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China
| | - Dinglong Yang
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China
| | - Yongliang Liu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China
| | - Wen Ran
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yi Qu
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Ming Cong
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Chenglong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environmental Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Yantai, Shandong 264117, PR China.
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Miles LA, Baik N, Bai H, Makarenkova HP, Kiosses WB, Krajewski S, Castellino FJ, Valenzuela A, Varki NM, Mueller BM, Parmer RJ. The plasminogen receptor , Plg-R KT, is essential for mammary lobuloalveolar development and lactation. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:919-932. [PMID: 29495105 PMCID: PMC5965281 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Plg-RKT-/- female mice give birth, but no offspring of Plg-RKT-/- female mice survive to weaning. Causal mechanisms of potential lactational failure in Plg-RKT-/- mice are unknown. Plg-RKT regulates extracellular matrix remodeling, cell proliferation, apoptosis, fibrin surveillance. Plg-RKT is essential for lactogenesis and mammary lobuloalveolar development. SUMMARY Background Lactational competence requires plasminogen, the zymogen of the serine protease, plasmin. Plg-RKT is a unique transmembrane plasminogen receptor that promotes plasminogen activation to plasmin on cell surfaces. Plg-RKT-/- mice are viable, but no offspring of Plg-RKT-/- female mice survive to weaning. Objectives We investigated potential lactational failure in Plg-RKT-/- mice and addressed causal mechanisms. Methods Fibrin accumulation, macrophage infiltration, processing of extracellular matrix components, effects of genetic deletion of fibrinogen, expression of fibrosis genes, and proliferation and apoptosis of epithelial cells were examined in lactating mammary glands of Plg-RKT-/- and Plg-RKT+/+ mice. Results Milk was not present in the stomachs of offspring of Plg-RKT-/- female mice and the pups were rescued by foster mothers. Although the mammary ductal tree developed normally in Plg-RKT-/- glands, lobuloalveolar development was blocked by a hypertrophic fibrotic stroma and infiltrating macrophages were present. A massive accumulation of fibrin was also present in Plg-RKT-/- alveoli and ducts. Although this accumulation was decreased when Plg-RKT-/- mice were made genetically heterozygous for fibrinogen, defects in lobuloalveolar development were not rescued by fibrinogen heterozygosity. Transcriptional profiling revealed that EGF was downregulated 12-fold in Plg-RKT-/- glands. Furthermore, proliferation of epithelial cells was not detectable. In addition, the pro-survival protein, Mcl-1, was markedly downregulated and apoptosis was observed in Plg-RKT-/- but not Plg-RKT+/+ glands. Conclusions Plg-RKT is essential for lactogenesis and functions to maintain the appropriate stromal extracellular matrix environment, regulate epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis, and, by regulating fibrinolysis, preserve alveolar and ductal patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A. Miles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nagyung Baik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hongdong Bai
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | | | - William B. Kiosses
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stan Krajewski
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Alex Valenzuela
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Nissi M. Varki
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Robert J. Parmer
- Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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Muncie JM, Weaver VM. The Physical and Biochemical Properties of the Extracellular Matrix Regulate Cell Fate. Curr Top Dev Biol 2018; 130:1-37. [PMID: 29853174 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a complex network of hydrated macromolecular proteins and sugars that, in concert with bound soluble factors, comprise the acellular stromal microenvironment of tissues. Rather than merely providing structural information to cells, the extracellular matrix plays an instructive role in development and is critical for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. In this chapter, we review the composition of the extracellular matrix and summarize data illustrating its importance in embryogenesis, tissue-specific development, and stem cell differentiation. We discuss how the biophysical and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrix ligate specific transmembrane receptors to activate intracellular signaling that alter cell shape and cytoskeletal dynamics to modulate cell growth and viability, and direct cell migration and cell fate. We present examples describing how the extracellular matrix functions as a highly complex physical and chemical entity that regulates tissue organization and cell behavior through a dynamic and reciprocal dialogue with the cellular constituents of the tissue. We suggest that the extracellular matrix not only transmits cellular and tissue-level force to shape development and tune cellular activities that are key for coordinated tissue behavior, but that it is itself remodeled such that it temporally evolves to maintain the integrated function of the tissue. Accordingly, we argue that perturbations in extracellular matrix composition and structure compromise key developmental events and tissue homeostasis, and promote disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon M Muncie
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco and University of California Berkeley, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, The Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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45
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Fiore APZP, Spencer VA, Mori H, Carvalho HF, Bissell MJ, Bruni-Cardoso A. Laminin-111 and the Level of Nuclear Actin Regulate Epithelial Quiescence via Exportin-6. Cell Rep 2018; 19:2102-2115. [PMID: 28591581 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin (N-actin) is known to participate in the regulation of gene expression. We showed previously that N-actin levels mediate the growth and quiescence of mouse epithelial cells in response to laminin-111 (LN1), a component of the mammary basement membrane (BM). We know that BM is defective in malignant cells, and we show here that it is the LN1/N-actin pathway that is aberrant in human breast cancer cells, leading to continuous growth. Photobleaching assays revealed that N-actin exit in nonmalignant cells begins as early as 30 min after LN1 treatment. LN1 attenuates the PI3K pathway leading to upregulation of exportin-6 (XPO6) activity and shuttles actin out of the nucleus. Silencing XPO6 prevents quiescence. Malignant cells are impervious to LN1 signaling. These results shed light on the crucial role of LN1 in quiescence and differentiation and how defects in the LN1/PI3K/XPO6/N-actin axis explain the loss of tissue homeostasis and growth control that contributes to malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Zen Petisco Fiore
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Hidetoshi Mori
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- INFABiC - National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil; Structural and Functional Biology Department, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Mina J Bissell
- Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Alexandre Bruni-Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil; Life Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; INFABiC - National Institute of Science and Technology on Photonics Applied to Cell Biology, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
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Saad H, Krisht KM, Yang WH, Lopez-Gonzalez MA, Aboud E, Krisht AF. Biocompatible Amniotic Sac Implant Maintains a Scar-Free Brain Surface During Recurrent Glioma Surgery. World Neurosurg 2017; 107:308-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.07.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Karsdal MA, Nielsen SH, Leeming DJ, Langholm LL, Nielsen MJ, Manon-Jensen T, Siebuhr A, Gudmann NS, Rønnow S, Sand JM, Daniels SJ, Mortensen JH, Schuppan D. The good and the bad collagens of fibrosis - Their role in signaling and organ function. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:43-56. [PMID: 28736303 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 305] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Usually the dense extracellular structure in fibrotic tissues is described as extracellular matrix (ECM) or simply as collagen. However, fibrosis is not just fibrosis, which is already exemplified by the variant morphological characteristics of fibrosis due to viral versus cholestatic, autoimmune or toxic liver injury, with reticular, chicken wire and bridging fibrosis. Importantly, the overall composition of the ECM, especially the relative amounts of the many types of collagens, which represent the most abundant ECM molecules and which centrally modulate cellular functions and physiological processes, changes dramatically during fibrosis progression. We hypothesize that there are good and bad collagens in fibrosis and that a change of location alone may change the function from good to bad. Whereas basement membrane collagen type IV anchors epithelial and other cells in a polarized manner, the interstitial fibroblast collagens type I and III do not provide directional information. In addition, feedback loops from biologically active degradation products of some collagens are examples of the importance of having the right collagen at the right place and at the right time controlling cell function, proliferation, matrix production and fate. Examples are the interstitial collagen type VI and basement membrane collagen type XVIII. Their carboxyterminal propeptides serve as an adipose tissue hormone, endotrophin, and as a regulator of angiogenesis, endostatin, respectively. We provide an overview of the 28 known collagen types and propose that the molecular composition of the ECM in fibrosis needs careful attention to assess its impact on organ function and its potential to progress or reverse. Consequently, to adequately assess fibrosis and to design optimal antifibrotic therapies, we need to dissect the molecular entity of fibrosis for the molecular composition and spatial distribution of collagens and the associated ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - S H Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D J Leeming
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - L L Langholm
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M J Nielsen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Manon-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - A Siebuhr
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N S Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S Rønnow
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J M Sand
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - S J Daniels
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J H Mortensen
- Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers & Research A/S, Herlev, Denmark
| | - D Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology and Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, Khattab MS, AbuBakr HO. Novel approach to gastric mucosal defect repair using fresh amniotic membrane allograft in dogs (experimental study). Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:235. [PMID: 29047409 PMCID: PMC5648434 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric mucosal defect could result from several causative factors including the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, Helicobacter pylori infection, gastrointestinal and spinal cord diseases, and neoplasia. This study was performed to achieve a novel simple, inexpensive, and effective surgical technique for the repair of gastric mucosal defect. Methods Six adult male mongrel dogs were divided into two groups (three dogs each). In the control positive group (C + ve), dogs were subjected to surgical induction of gastric mucosal defect and then treated using traditional medicinal treatment for such a condition. In the amniotic membrane (AM) group, dogs were subjected to the same operation and then fresh AM allograft was applied. Clinical, endoscopic, biochemical (serum protein and lipid and pepsin activity in gastric juice), histopathological, and immunohistochemistry evaluations were performed. Results Regarding endoscopic examination, there was no sign of inflammatory reaction around the grafted area in the AM group compared to the C + ve group. The leukocytic infiltration in the gastric ulcer was well detected in the control group and was less observed in the AM group. In the AM group, the concentrations of both protein and lipid profiles were nearly the same as those in serum samples taken preoperatively at zero time, which indicated that the AM grafting acted the same as gastric mucosa. The re-epithelization of the gastric ulcer in the C + ve group was not yet detected at 21 days, while in the AM group it was well observed covering most of the gastric ulcer. AM accelerated the re-epithelization of the gastric ulcer. The fibrous connective tissue and the precursor of collagen (COL IA1) were poorly detected in the gastric ulcer with AM application. Conclusion Using fresh AM allograft for repairing gastric mucosal defect in dogs showed great impact as a novel method to achieve optimum reconstruction of the gastric mucosal architecture and restoration of pre-epithelial, epithelial, and post-epithelial normal gastric mucosal barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haithem A Farghali
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Naglaa A AbdElKader
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Huda O AbuBakr
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
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Treatment of acute ocular chemical burns. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 63:214-235. [PMID: 28935121 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocular chemical burns are an ophthalmic emergency and are responsible for 11.5%-22.1% of ocular injuries. Immediate copious irrigation is universally recommended in acute ocular burns to remove the offending agent and minimize damage. Conventional medical therapy consists of the use of agents that promote epithelialization, minimize inflammation, and prevent cicatricial complications. Biological fluids such as autologous serum, umbilical cord blood serum, platelet-rich plasma, and amniotic membrane suspension are a rich source of growth factors and promote healing when used as adjuncts to conventional therapy. Surgical treatment of acute ocular burns includes the debridement of the necrotic tissue, application of tissue adhesives, tenoplasty, and tectonic keratoplasty. Amniotic membrane transplantation is a novel surgical treatment that is increasingly being used as an adjunct to conventional treatment to promote epithelial healing, minimize pain, and restore visual acuity. Various experimental treatments that aim to promote wound healing and minimize inflammation are being evaluated such as human mesenchymal and adipose stem cells, beta-1,3 glucan, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, cultivated fibroblasts, zinc desferrioxamine, antifibrinolytic agents, antioxidants, collagen cross-linking, and inhibitors of corneal neovascularization.
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Gupta SK, Torrico Guzmán EA, Meenach SA. Coadministration of a tumor-penetrating peptide improves the therapeutic efficacy of paclitaxel in a novel air-grown lung cancer 3D spheroid model. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:2143-2153. [PMID: 28771722 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3 D) cell culture platforms are increasingly being used in cancer research and drug development since they mimic avascular tumors in vitro. In this study, we focused on the development of a novel air-grown multicellular spheroid (MCS) model to mimic in vivo tumors for understanding lung cancer biology and improvement in the evaluation of aerosol anticancer therapeutics. 3 D MCS were formed using A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells, comprising cellular heterogeneity with respect to different proliferative and metabolic gradients. The growth kinetics, morphology and 3 D structure of air-grown MCS were characterized by brightfield, fluorescent and scanning electron microscopy. MCS demonstrated a significant decrease in growth when the tumor-penetrating peptide iRGD and paclitaxel (PTX) were coadministered as compared with PTX alone. It was also found that when treated with both iRGD and PTX, A549 MCS exhibited an increase in apoptosis and decrease in clonogenic survival capacity in contrast to PTX treatment alone. This study demonstrated that coadministration of iRGD resulted in the improvement of the tumor penetration ability of PTX in an in vitro A549 3 D MCS model. In addition, this is the first time a high-throughput air-grown lung cancer tumor spheroid model has been developed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta K Gupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Elisa A Torrico Guzmán
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
| | - Samantha A Meenach
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI.,Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI
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