1
|
Masuda A, Nishida K, Ajima R, Saga Y, Bakhtan M, Klar A, Hirata T, Zhu Y. A global gene regulatory program and its region-specific regulator partition neurons into commissural and ipsilateral projection types. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2149. [PMID: 38781326 PMCID: PMC11114196 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic programs that drive neuronal diversification into classes and subclasses is key to understand nervous system development. All neurons can be classified into two types: commissural and ipsilateral, based on whether their axons cross the midline or not. However, the gene regulatory program underlying this binary division is poorly understood. We identified a pair of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors, Nhlh1 and Nhlh2, as a global transcriptional mechanism that controls the laterality of all floor plate-crossing commissural axons in mice. Mechanistically, Nhlh1/2 play an essential role in the expression of Robo3, the key guidance molecule for commissural axon projections. This genetic program appears to be evolutionarily conserved in chick. We further discovered that Isl1, primarily expressed in ipsilateral neurons within neural tubes, negatively regulates the Robo3 induction by Nhlh1/2. Our findings elucidate a gene regulatory strategy where a conserved global mechanism intersects with neuron class-specific regulators to control the partitioning of neurons based on axon laterality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aki Masuda
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishida
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
| | - Rieko Ajima
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yumiko Saga
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Marah Bakhtan
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avihu Klar
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, IMRIC, Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tatsumi Hirata
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Yan Zhu
- National Institute of Genetics, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Sokendai, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yoshida T, Latt KZ, Santo BA, Shrivastav S, Zhao Y, Fenaroli P, Chung JY, Hewitt SM, Tutino VM, Sarder P, Rosenberg AZ, Winkler CA, Kopp JB. Single-Cell Transcriptional Signatures of Glomerular Disease in Transgenic Mice with APOL1 Variants. J Am Soc Nephrol 2024:00001751-990000000-00309. [PMID: 38709562 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Points
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)-G1 induced kidney disease in the two APOL1 transgenic mouse models, HIV-associated nephropathy and IFN-γ administration.Glomerular single-nuclear RNA-sequencing identified genes differentially expressed among mice with APOL1-G1 and G0 variants at single-cell resolution.
Background
Apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) high-risk variants contribute to kidney disease among individuals with African ancestry. We sought to describe cell-specific APOL1 variant–induced pathways using two mouse models.
Methods
We characterized bacterial artificial chromosome/APOL1 transgenic mice crossed with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) Tg26 mice and bacterial artificial chromosome/APOL1 transgenic mice given IFN-γ.
Results
Both mouse models showed more severe glomerular disease in APOL1-G1 compared with APOL1-G0 mice. Synergistic podocyte-damaging pathways activated by APOL1-G1 and by the HIV transgene were identified by glomerular bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of HIVAN model. Single-nuclear RNA-seq revealed podocyte-specific patterns of differentially expressed genes as a function of APOL1 alleles. Shared activated pathways, for example, mammalian target of rapamycin, and differentially expressed genes, for example, Ccn2, in podocytes in both models suggest novel markers of APOL1-associated kidney disease. HIVAN mouse-model podocyte single-nuclear RNA-seq data showed similarity to human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis glomerular RNA-seq data. Differential effects of the APOL1-G1 variant on the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 pathway highlighted differences between the two models.
Conclusions
These findings in two mouse models demonstrated both shared and distinct cell type–specific transcriptomic signatures induced by APOL1 variants. These findings suggest novel therapeutic opportunities for APOL1 glomerulopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Yoshida
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Khun Zaw Latt
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Briana A Santo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Shashi Shrivastav
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Paride Fenaroli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi, AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincent M Tutino
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheryl A Winkler
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsytsarev V, Plachez C, Zhao S, O'Connor DH, Erzurumlu RS. Bilateral Whisker Representations in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex in Robo3cKO Mice Are Reflected in the Primary Motor Cortex. Neuroscience 2024; 544:128-137. [PMID: 38447690 PMCID: PMC11146016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In Robo3cKO mice, midline crossing defects of the trigeminothalamic projections from the trigeminal principal sensory nucleus result in bilateral whisker maps in the somatosensory thalamus and consequently in the face representation area of the primary somatosensory (S1) cortex (Renier et al., 2017; Tsytsarev et al., 2017). We investigated whether this bilateral sensory representation in the whisker-barrel cortex is also reflected in the downstream projections from the S1 to the primary motor (M1) cortex. To label these projections, we injected anterograde viral axonal tracer in S1 cortex. Corticocortical projections from the S1 distribute to similar areas across the ipsilateral hemisphere in control and Robo3cKO mice. Namely, in both genotypes they extend to the M1, premotor/prefrontal cortex (PMPF), secondary somatosensory (S2) cortex. Next, we performed voltage-sensitive dye imaging (VSDi) in the left hemisphere following ipsilateral and contralateral single whisker stimulation. While controls showed only activation in the contralateral whisker barrel cortex and M1 cortex, the Robo3cKO mouse left hemisphere was activated bilaterally in both the barrel cortex and the M1 cortex. We conclude that the midline crossing defect of the trigeminothalamic projections leads to bilateral whisker representations not only in the thalamus and the S1 cortex but also downstream from the S1, in the M1 cortex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliy Tsytsarev
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Céline Plachez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Shuxin Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Daniel H O'Connor
- The Zanvyl Krieger Mind/Brain Institute, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, 338 Krieger Hall, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 20 Penn St, HSF-2, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie Y, Huang L, Zhou Y, Wu J, Li N. Novel variants and phenotypes of ROBO3 gene associated with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. Pediatr Investig 2024; 8:72-74. [PMID: 38516134 PMCID: PMC10951487 DOI: 10.1002/ped4.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Department of OphthalmologyBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Lijuan Huang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujianChina
| | - Yunyu Zhou
- Department of OphthalmologyBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of OphthalmologyShenzhen Children's HospitalGuangdongChina
| | - Ningdong Li
- Department of OphthalmologyBeijing Children's HospitalCapital Medical UniversityNational Center for Children's HealthBeijingChina
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical UniversityFujianChina
- Department of OphthalmologyShanghai General HospitalShanghaiChina
- Department of OphthalmologyChildren's HospitalCapital Institute of PediatricsBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kiyozumi D. Lumicrine signaling: Extracellular regulation of sperm maturation in the male reproductive tract lumen. Genes Cells 2023; 28:757-763. [PMID: 37696504 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The behaviors of cells, tissues, and organs are controlled by the extracellular environment in addition to their autonomous regulatory system. Dysfunction of extracellular regulatory mechanisms affects not only the development and survival of organisms but also successful reproduction. In this review article, a novel extracellular regulatory mechanism regulating the mammalian male reproductive ability will be briefly summarized. In terrestrial vertebrates, spermatozoa generated in the testis are transported through the lumen of the male reproductive tract and become functionally mature during the transport. Recent studies with gene-modified animals are unveiling the luminal extracellular environment of the reproductive tract to function not only as the pathway of sperm transport and the site of sperm maturation but also as the channel for cellular communication to regulate sperm maturation. Of special interest is the molecular mechanism of lumicrine signaling, a transluminal secreted signal transduction in the male reproductive tract lumen as a master regulator of sperm maturation and male reproductive ability. The general significance of such transluminal signaling in the context of cell biology will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhosle VK, Tan JM, Li T, Hua R, Kwon H, Li Z, Patel S, Tessier-Lavigne M, Robinson LA, Kim PK, Brumell JH. SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling suppresses mTORC1 for organelle control and bacterial killing. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301964. [PMID: 37311584 PMCID: PMC10264968 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SLIT/ROBO signaling impacts many aspects of tissue development and homeostasis, in part, through the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Recent studies have also linked SLIT/ROBO signaling to the regulation of diverse phagocyte functions. However, the mechanisms by which SLIT/ROBO signaling acts at the nexus of cellular growth control and innate immunity remain enigmatic. Here, we show that SLIT2-mediated activation of ROBO1 leads to inhibition of mTORC1 kinase activity in macrophages, leading to dephosphorylation of its downstream targets, including transcription factor EB and ULK1. Consequently, SLIT2 augments lysosome biogenesis, potently induces autophagy, and robustly promotes the killing of bacteria within phagosomes. Concordant with these results, we demonstrate decreased lysosomal content and accumulated peroxisomes in the spinal cords of embryos from Robo1 -/- , Robo2 -/- double knockout mice. We also show that impediment of auto/paracrine SLIT-ROBO signaling axis in cancer cells leads to hyperactivation of mTORC1 and inhibition of autophagy. Together, these findings elucidate a central role of chemorepellent SLIT2 in the regulation of mTORC1 activity with important implications for innate immunity and cancer cell survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant K Bhosle
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joel Mj Tan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Taoyingnan Li
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rong Hua
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hyunwoo Kwon
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zhubing Li
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sajedabanu Patel
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Peter K Kim
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - John H Brumell
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- SickKids IBD Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Feng L, Shu HP, Sun LL, Tu YC, Liao QQ, Yao LJ. Role of the SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway in renal pathophysiology and various renal diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1226341. [PMID: 37497439 PMCID: PMC10366692 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1226341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
SLIT ligand and its receptor ROBO were initially recognized for their role in axon guidance in central nervous system development. In recent years, as research has advanced, the role of the SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway has gradually expanded from axonal repulsion to cell migration, tumor development, angiogenesis, and bone metabolism. As a secreted protein, SLIT regulates various pathophysiological processes in the kidney, such as proinflammatory responses and fibrosis progression. Many studies have shown that SLIT-ROBO is extensively involved in various aspects of kidney development and maintenance of structure and function. The SLIT-ROBO signaling pathway also plays an important role in different types of kidney disease. This article reviews the advances in the study of the SLIT-ROBO pathway in various renal pathophysiological and kidney disorders and proposes new directions for further research in this field.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nickerson KR, Tom I, Cortés E, Abolafia JR, Özkan E, Gonzalez LC, Jaworski A. WFIKKN2 is a bifunctional axon guidance cue that signals through divergent DCC family receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.15.544950. [PMID: 37398498 PMCID: PMC10312737 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.544950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Axon pathfinding is controlled by attractive and repulsive molecular cues that activate receptors on the axonal growth cone, but the full repertoire of axon guidance molecules remains unknown. The vertebrate DCC receptor family contains the two closely related members DCC and Neogenin with prominent roles in axon guidance and three additional, divergent members - Punc, Nope, and Protogenin - for which functions in neural circuit formation have remained elusive. We identified a secreted Punc/Nope/Protogenin ligand, WFIKKN2, which guides mouse peripheral sensory axons through Nope-mediated repulsion. In contrast, WFIKKN2 attracts motor axons, but not via Nope. These findings identify WFIKKN2 as a bifunctional axon guidance cue that acts through divergent DCC family members, revealing a remarkable diversity of ligand interactions for this receptor family in nervous system wiring. One-Sentence Summary WFIKKN2 is a ligand for the DCC family receptors Punc, Nope, and Prtg that repels sensory axons and attracts motor axons.
Collapse
|
9
|
Carranza A, Howard LJ, Brown HE, Ametepe AS, Evans TA. Slit-independent guidance of longitudinal axons by Drosophila Robo3. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.08.539901. [PMID: 37214810 PMCID: PMC10197545 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.08.539901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila Robo3 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Roundabout (Robo) receptor family and one of three Drosophila Robo paralogs. During embryonic ventral nerve cord development, Robo3 does not participate in canonical Slit-dependent midline repulsion, but instead regulates the formation of longitudinal axon pathways at specific positions along the medial-lateral axis. Longitudinal axon guidance by Robo3 is hypothesized to be Slit dependent, but this has not been directly tested. Here we create a series of Robo3 variants in which the N-terminal Ig1 domain is deleted or modified, in order to characterize the functional importance of Ig1 and Slit binding for Robo3's axon guidance activity. We show that Robo3 requires its Ig1 domain for interaction with Slit and for proper axonal localization in embryonic neurons, but deleting Ig1 from Robo3 only partially disrupts longitudinal pathway formation. Robo3 variants with modified Ig1 domains that cannot bind Slit retain proper localization and fully rescue longitudinal axon guidance. Our results indicate that Robo3 guides longitudinal axons independently of Slit, and that sequences both within and outside of Ig1 contribute to this Slit-independent activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Carranza
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
- Current Address: Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX 77807
| | - LaFreda J. Howard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
- Current Address: NAVA PBC, Washington, DC 20005
| | - Haley E. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
- Current Address: Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | | | - Timothy A. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dailey-Krempel B, Martin AL, Jo HN, Junge HJ, Chen Z. A tug of war between DCC and ROBO1 signaling during commissural axon guidance. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112455. [PMID: 37149867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic and coordinated axonal responses to changing environments are critical for establishing neural connections. As commissural axons migrate across the CNS midline, they are suggested to switch from being attracted to being repelled in order to approach and to subsequently leave the midline. A molecular mechanism that is hypothesized to underlie this switch in axonal responses is the silencing of Netrin1/Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma (DCC)-mediated attraction by the repulsive SLIT/ROBO1 signaling. Using in vivo approaches including CRISPR-Cas9-engineered mouse models of distinct Dcc splice isoforms, we show here that commissural axons maintain responsiveness to both Netrin and SLIT during midline crossing, although likely at quantitatively different levels. In addition, full-length DCC in collaboration with ROBO3 can antagonize ROBO1 repulsion in vivo. We propose that commissural axons integrate and balance the opposing DCC and Roundabout (ROBO) signaling to ensure proper guidance decisions during midline entry and exit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew L Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ha-Neul Jo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Harald J Junge
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Du X, Yu M, Ju H, Xue S, Li Y, Wu X, Xu H, Shen Q. Inhibition of MAPK/ERK pathway activation rescues congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) in Robo2 PB/+ Gen1 PB/+ mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 653:153-160. [PMID: 36870240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) have been attributed to genetic and environmental factors. However, monogenic and copy number variations cannot sufficiently explain the cause of the majority of CAKUT cases. Multiple genes through various modes of inheritance may lead to CAKUT pathogenesis. We previously showed that Robo2 and Gen1 coregulated the germination of ureteral buds (UB), significantly increasing CAKUT incidence. Furthermore, MAPK/ERK pathway activation is the central mechanism of these two genes. Thus, we explored the effect of the MAPK/ERK inhibitor U0126 in the CAKUT phenotype in Robo2PB/+Gen1PB/+ mice. Intraperitoneal injection of U0126 during pregnancy prevented the development of the CAKUT phenotype in Robo2PB/+Gen1PB/+ mice. Additionally, a single dose of 30 mg/kg U0126 on day 10.5 embryos (E10.5) was most effective for reducing CAKUT incidence and ectopic UB outgrowth in Robo2PB/+Gen1PB/+ mice. Furthermore, embryonic kidney mesenchymal levels of p-ERK were significantly decreased on day E11.5 after U0126 treatment, along with decreased cell proliferation index PHH3 and ETV5 expression. Collectively, Gen1 and Robo2 exacerbated the CAKUT phenotype in Robo2PB/+Gen1PB/+ mice through the MAPK/ERK pathway, increasing proliferation and ectopic UB outgrowth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuanjin Du
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Minghui Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Haixin Ju
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and National Center for International Research of Development and Disease, Institute of Developmental Biology and Molecular Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Kidney Development and Pediatric Kidney Disease Research Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoshida T, Latt KZ, Santo BA, Shrivastav S, Zhao Y, Fenaroli P, Chung JY, Hewitt SM, Tutino VM, Sarder P, Rosenberg AZ, Winkler CA, Kopp JB. APOL1 kidney risk variants in glomerular diseases modeled in transgenic mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.27.534273. [PMID: 37090576 PMCID: PMC10120684 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.27.534273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
APOL1 high-risk variants partially explain the high kidney disease prevalence among African ancestry individuals. Many mechanisms have been reported in cell culture models, but few have been demonstrated in mouse models. Here we characterize two models: (1) HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) Tg26 mice crossed with bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)/APOL1 transgenic mice and (2) interferon-γ administered to BAC/APOL1 mice. Both models showed exacerbated glomerular disease in APOL1-G1 compared to APOL1-G0 mice. HIVAN model glomerular bulk RNA-seq identified synergistic podocyte-damaging pathways activated by the APOL1-G1 allele and by HIV transgenes. Single-nuclear RNA-seq revealed podocyte-specific patterns of differentially-expressed genes as a function of APOL1 alleles. Eukaryotic Initiation factor-2 pathway was the most activated pathway in the interferon-γ model and the most deactivated pathway in the HIVAN model. HIVAN mouse model podocyte single-nuclear RNA-seq data showed similarity to human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) glomerular bulk RNA-seq data. Furthermore, single-nuclear RNA-seq data from interferon-γ mouse model podocytes (in vivo) showed similarity to human FSGS single-cell RNA-seq data from urine podocytes (ex vivo) and from human podocyte cell lines (in vitro) using bulk RNA-seq. These data highlight differences in the transcriptional effects of the APOL1-G1 risk variant in a model specific manner. Shared differentially expressed genes in podocytes in both mouse models suggest possible novel glomerular damage markers in APOL1 variant-induced diseases. Transcription factor Zbtb16 was downregulated in podocytes and endothelial cells in both models, possibly contributing to glucocorticoid-resistance. In summary, these findings in two mouse models suggest both shared and distinct therapeutic opportunities for APOL1 glomerulopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiko Yoshida
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Khun Zaw Latt
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Briana A. Santo
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Shashi Shrivastav
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yongmei Zhao
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD
| | - Paride Fenaroli
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
- S.C. Nefrologia e Dialisi, AUSL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Vincent M. Tutino
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
| | - Pinaki Sarder
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD
| | - Cheryl A. Winkler
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Frederick, MD
| | - Jeffrey B. Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, Kidney Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Shu L, Meng Y, Ma J, Gao R, Zhou X. A Genetic Variant of the ROBO3 Gene is Associated With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in the Chinese Population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2023; 48:E20-E24. [PMID: 36149840 DOI: 10.1097/brs.0000000000004484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A case-control association study. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal whether mutations within roundabout receptor 3 ( ROBO3 ) gene were related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) in Chinese Han population and to investigate the functional role of ROBO3 in the pathogenesis and progression of AIS. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA ROBO3 is essential for the regulation of hindbrain axonal cell migration and midline crossing. Studies have demonstrated that ROBO3 homozygous mutations are associated with horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis. However, whether and how ROBO3 contributed to the development of scoliosis remains unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in 135 AIS patients and 267 healthy controls to evaluate the differences of single nucleotide polymorphism variants within ROBO3 . Then the identified variant of ROBO3 was genotyped in another cohort included 1140 AIS patients and 1580 controls. Moreover, paraspinal muscles were collected from 39 AIS patients and 45 lumbar disk herniation patients for the measurement of ROBO3 mRNA expression. The χ 2 test, Fisher exact test or the Student t test were used to compare intergroup data. Pearson correlation was used to determine the association between ROBO3 expression and clinical phenotypes. RESULTS A significant association was identified between the gene variant (rs74787566) of ROBO3 and the development of AIS through exome sequencing. The genotyping cohort demonstrated a higher frequency of allele A in AIS patients compared to controls (7.89% vs . 4.30%, P <0.001, odds ratio=1.87). In addition, the expression of ROBO3 in paraspinal muscles was inversely correlated with the Cobb angle ( P =0.043, r2 =0.1059). CONCLUSION A significant association was identified between the gene variant (rs74787566) of ROBO3 and the development of AIS. The reduced expression of ROBO3 could result in the progression of curve magnitude in patients with AIS. Further studies are needed to verify the functional role of ROBO3 in the development of AIS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Zhanrong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Lun Shu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cortés E, Pak JS, Özkan E. Structure and evolution of neuronal wiring receptors and ligands. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:27-60. [PMID: 35727136 PMCID: PMC10084454 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the fundamental properties of a neuronal circuit is the map of its connections. The cellular and developmental processes that allow for the growth of axons and dendrites, selection of synaptic targets, and formation of functional synapses use neuronal surface receptors and their interactions with other surface receptors, secreted ligands, and matrix molecules. Spatiotemporal regulation of the expression of these receptors and cues allows for specificity in the developmental pathways that wire stereotyped circuits. The families of molecules controlling axon guidance and synapse formation are generally conserved across animals, with some important exceptions, which have consequences for neuronal connectivity. Here, we summarize the distribution of such molecules across multiple taxa, with a focus on model organisms, evolutionary processes that led to the multitude of such molecules, and functional consequences for the diversification or loss of these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cortés
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Joseph S Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kiyozumi D. The molecular mechanisms of mammalian sperm maturation regulated by NELL2-ROS1 lumicrine signaling. J Biochem 2022; 172:341-346. [PMID: 36071564 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In terrestrial vertebrates, spermatozoa generated in the testis are transported through the reproductive tract toward outside the body. In addition to as the pathway of sperm transport, the male reproductive tract also functions as the site of post-testicular sperm maturation and the epididymis, which constitutes the majority of male reproductive tract, plays central roles in such a sperm maturation. Recent studies with gene-modified animals have been unveiling not only the molecular mechanisms of sperm maturation in the epididymis but the regulatory system by which the epididymis acquires and executes sperm maturing functions. In this review, the mechanisms of mammalian sperm maturation will be summarized, based on recent findings including the lumicrine regulation of sperm maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiji Kiyozumi
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ha CM, Kim DH, Lee TH, Kim HR, Choi J, Kim Y, Kang D, Park JW, Ojeda SR, Jeong JK, Lee BJ. Transcriptional Regulatory Role of NELL2 in Preproenkephalin Gene Expression. Mol Cells 2022; 45:537-549. [PMID: 35950455 PMCID: PMC9385569 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preproenkephalin (PPE) is a precursor molecule for multiple endogenous opioid peptides Leu-enkephalin (ENK) and Met-ENK, which are involved in a wide variety of modulatory functions in the nervous system. Despite the functional importance of ENK in the brain, the effect of brain-derived factor(s) on PPE expression is unknown. We report the dual effect of neural epidermal growth factor (EGF)-likelike 2 (NELL2) on PPE gene expression. In cultured NIH3T3 cells, transfection of NELL2 expression vectors induced an inhibition of PPE transcription intracellularly, in parallel with downregulation of protein kinase C signaling pathways and extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Interestingly, these phenomena were reversed when synthetic NELL2 was administered extracellularly. The in vivo disruption of NELL2 synthesis resulted in an increase in PPE mRNA level in the rat brain, suggesting that the inhibitory action of intracellular NELL2 predominates the activation effect of extracellular NELL2 on PPE gene expression in the brain. Biochemical and molecular studies with mutant NELL2 structures further demonstrated the critical role of EGF-like repeat domains in NELL2 for regulation of PPE transcription. These are the first results to reveal the spatio-specific role of NELL2 in the homeostatic regulation of PPE gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Man Ha
- Brain Research Core Facilities and Global Relation Center of Research Strategy Office, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Tae Hwan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Han Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Jungil Choi
- Bioenvironmental Science & Technology Division, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju 52834, Korea
| | - Yoonju Kim
- Brain Research Core Facilities and Global Relation Center of Research Strategy Office, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41068, Korea
| | - Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| | - Sergio R. Ojeda
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center/Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44610, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Miyaguchi M, Nakanishi Y, Maturana AD, Mizutani K, Niimi T. Conformational Change of the Hairpin-like-structured Robo2 Ectodomain Allows NELL1/2 Binding. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167777. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
18
|
Moreno-Bravo JA, Rappeneau Q, Roig-Puiggros S, Sotelo C, Chédotal A. Uncoupling axon guidance and neuronal migration in Robo3-deficient inferior olivary neurons. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:2868-2880. [PMID: 35811330 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inferior olivary (IO) neurons are born in the dorsal hindbrain and migrate tangentially toward the ventral midline. During their dorsoventral migration, IO neurons extend long leading processes that cross the midline, transform into axons, and project into the contralateral cerebellum. In absence of the axon guidance receptor Robo3, IO axons fail to cross the midline and project to the ipsilateral cerebellum. Remarkably, the IO cell bodies still reach the midline where they form a nucleus of abnormal cytoarchitecture. The mechanisms underlying the migration of Robo3-deficient IO neurons are unknown. Here, we used three-dimensional imaging and transgenic mice to label subsets of IO neurons and study their migratory behavior in Robo3 knockout. We show that IO migration is delayed in absence of Robo3. Strikingly, Robo3-deficient IO neurons progress toward the midline in a direction opposite to their axons. This occurs through a change of polarity and the generation of a second leading process at the rear of the cell. These results suggest that Robo3 receptor controls the establishment of neuronal polarity and the coupling of axonogenesis and cell body migration in IO neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Moreno-Bravo
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France.,Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (UMH-CSIC), San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Quentin Rappeneau
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Alain Chédotal
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shaker MR, Kahtan A, Prasad R, Lee JH, Pietrogrande G, Leeson HC, Sun W, Wolvetang EJ, Slonchak A. Neural Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Like Protein 2 Is Expressed in Human Oligodendroglial Cell Types. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:803061. [PMID: 35265611 PMCID: PMC8899196 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.803061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural epidermal growth factor-like like 2 (NELL2) is a cytoplasmic and secreted glycosylated protein with six epidermal growth factor-like domains. In animal models, NELL2 is predominantly expressed in neural tissues where it regulates neuronal differentiation, polarization, and axon guidance, but little is known about the role of NELL2 in human brain development. In this study, we show that rostral neural stem cells (rNSC) derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) exhibit particularly strong NELL2 expression and that NELL2 protein is enriched at the apical side of neural rosettes in hiPSC-derived brain organoids. Following differentiation of human rostral NSC into neurons, NELL2 remains robustly expressed but changes its subcellular localization from >20 small cytoplasmic foci in NSC to one–five large peri-nuclear puncta per neuron. Unexpectedly, we discovered that in human brain organoids, NELL2 is readily detectable in the oligodendroglia and that the number of NELL2 puncta increases as oligodendrocytes mature. Artificial intelligence-based machine learning further predicts a strong association of NELL2 with multiple human white matter diseases, suggesting that NELL2 may possess yet unexplored roles in regulating oligodendrogenesis and/or myelination during human cortical development and maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed R Shaker
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amna Kahtan
- St Cloud Technical & Community College, St Cloud, MN, United States
| | - Renuka Prasad
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Giovanni Pietrogrande
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Hannah C Leeson
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program for Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrii Slonchak
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee BJ, Jeong JK. Positioning-dependent bidirectional NELL2 signaling in the brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1049595. [PMID: 36329889 PMCID: PMC9623028 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1049595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Byung Ju Lee, ; Jin Kwon Jeong,
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
- *Correspondence: Byung Ju Lee, ; Jin Kwon Jeong,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ahmed M, Owens MJS, Toledo EM, Arenas E, Bradley M, ffrench-Constant C. Combinatorial ECM Arrays Identify Cooperative Roles for Matricellular Proteins in Enhancing the Generation of TH+ Neurons From Human Pluripotent Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:755406. [PMID: 34926447 PMCID: PMC8672163 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.755406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of efficient cell culture strategies for the generation of dopaminergic neurons is an important goal for transplantation-based approaches to treat Parkinson's disease. To identify extracellular matrix molecules that enhance differentiation and might be used in these cell cultures we have used micro-contact printed arrays on glass slides presenting 190 combinations of 19 extracellular matrix molecules selected on the basis of their expression during embryonic development of the ventral midbrain. Using long-term neuroepithelial stem cells (Lt-NES), this approach identified a number of matricellular proteins that enhanced differentiation, with the combination of Sparc, Sparc-like (Sparc-l1) and Nell2 increasing the number of tyrosine hydroxylase+ neurons derived from Lt-NES cells and, critically for further translation, human pluripotent stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maqsood Ahmed
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. S. Owens
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Enrique M. Toledo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ernest Arenas
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charles ffrench-Constant
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, England
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Howard LJ, Reichert MC, Evans TA. The Slit-binding Ig1 domain is required for multiple axon guidance activities of Drosophila Robo2. Genesis 2021; 59:e23443. [PMID: 34411419 PMCID: PMC8446337 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila Robo2 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance receptors. Robo receptors signal midline repulsion in response to Slit ligands, which bind to the N‐terminal Ig1 domain in most family members. In the Drosophila embryonic ventral nerve cord, Robo1 and Robo2 signal Slit‐dependent midline repulsion, while Robo2 also regulates the medial‐lateral position of longitudinal axon pathways and acts non‐autonomously to promote midline crossing of commissural axons. While Robo2 signals midline repulsion in response to Slit, it is less clear whether Robo2's other activities are also Slit‐dependent. To determine which of Robo2's axon guidance roles depend on its Slit‐binding Ig1 domain, we used a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐based strategy to replace the endogenous robo2 gene with a robo2 variant lacking the Ig1 domain (robo2∆Ig1). We compare the expression and localization of Robo2∆Ig1 protein with full‐length Robo2 in embryonic neurons in vivo and examine its ability to substitute for Robo2 to mediate midline repulsion and lateral axon pathway formation. We find that the removal of the Ig1 domain from Robo2∆Ig1 disrupts both of these axon guidance activities. In addition, we find that the Ig1 domain of Robo2 is required for its proper subcellular localization in embryonic neurons, a role that is not shared by the Ig1 domain of Robo1. Finally, we report that although FasII‐positive lateral axons are misguided in embryos expressing Robo2∆Ig1, the axons that normally express Robo2 are correctly guided to the lateral zone, suggesting that Robo2 may guide lateral longitudinal axons through a cell non‐autonomous mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- LaFreda J Howard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.,City of Houston Health Department, University of Arkansas, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marie C Reichert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Timothy A Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jayabal P, Zhou F, Lei X, Ma X, Blackman B, Weintraub ST, Houghton PJ, Shiio Y. NELL2-cdc42 signaling regulates BAF complexes and Ewing sarcoma cell growth. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109254. [PMID: 34233189 PMCID: PMC8312579 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BAF chromatin remodeling complexes play important roles in chromatin regulation and cancer. Here, we report that Ewing sarcoma cells are dependent on the autocrine signaling mediated by NELL2, a secreted glycoprotein that has been characterized as an axon guidance molecule. NELL2 uses Robo3 as the receptor to transmit critical growth signaling. NELL2 signaling inhibits cdc42 and upregulates BAF complexes and EWS-FLI1 transcriptional output. We demonstrate that cdc42 is a negative regulator of BAF complexes, inducing actin polymerization and complex disassembly. Furthermore, we identify NELL2highCD133highEWS-FLI1high and NELL2lowCD133lowEWS-FLI1low populations in Ewing sarcoma, which display phenotypes consistent with high and low NELL2 signaling, respectively. We show that NELL2, CD133, and EWS-FLI1 positively regulate each other and upregulate BAF complexes and cell proliferation in Ewing sarcoma. These results reveal a signaling pathway regulating critical chromatin remodeling complexes and cancer cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panneerselvam Jayabal
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Fuchun Zhou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiufen Lei
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Xiuye Ma
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Barron Blackman
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Peter J Houghton
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yuzuru Shiio
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang L, Qi Z, Li J, Li M, Du X, Wang S, Zhou G, Xu B, Liu W, Xi S, Xu Z, Deng Y. Roles and Mechanisms of Axon-Guidance Molecules in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3290-3307. [PMID: 33675023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by progressive memory decline and cognitive dysfunctions. Although the causes of AD have not yet been established, many mechanisms have been proposed. Axon-guidance molecules play the roles in the occurrence and development of AD by participating in different mechanisms. Therefore, what roles do axon-guidance molecules play in AD? This study aimed at elucidating how axon-guidance molecules Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins, and Ephrins regulate the levels of Aβ, hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, Reelin, and other ways through different signaling pathways, in order to show the roles of axon-guidance molecules in the occurrence and development of AD. And it is hoped that this study can provide a theoretical basis and new perspectives in the search for new therapeutic targets for AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhipeng Qi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiashuo Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Xianchao Du
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoyu Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuhua Xi
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhaofa Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wurmser M, Muppavarapu M, Tait CM, Laumonnerie C, González-Castrillón LM, Wilson SI. Robo2 Receptor Gates the Anatomical Divergence of Neurons Derived From a Common Precursor Origin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668175. [PMID: 34249921 PMCID: PMC8263054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory information relayed to the brain is dependent on complex, yet precise spatial organization of neurons. This anatomical complexity is generated during development from a surprisingly small number of neural stem cell domains. This raises the question of how neurons derived from a common precursor domain respond uniquely to their environment to elaborate correct spatial organization and connectivity. We addressed this question by exploiting genetically labeled mouse embryonic dorsal interneuron 1 (dI1) neurons that are derived from a common precursor domain and give rise to spinal projection neurons with distinct organization of cell bodies with axons projecting either commissurally (dI1c) or ipsilaterally (dI1i). In this study, we examined how the guidance receptor, Robo2, which is a canonical Robo receptor, influenced dI1 guidance during embryonic development. Robo2 was enriched in embryonic dI1i neurons, and loss of Robo2 resulted in misguidance of dI1i axons, whereas dI1c axons remained unperturbed within the mantle zone and ventral commissure. Further, Robo2 profoundly influenced dI1 cell body migration, a feature that was partly dependent on Slit2 signaling. These data suggest that dI1 neurons are dependent on Robo2 for their organization. This work integrated with the field support of a model whereby canonical Robo2 vs. non-canonical Robo3 receptor expression facilitates projection neurons derived from a common precursor domain to read out the tissue environment uniquely giving rise to correct anatomical organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Wurmser
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | - Sara Ivy Wilson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nissenkorn A, Yosovich K, Leibovitz Z, Hartman TG, Zelcer I, Hugirat M, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T, Blumkin L. Congenital Mirror Movements Associated With Brain Malformations. J Child Neurol 2021; 36:545-555. [PMID: 33413009 DOI: 10.1177/0883073820984068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital mirror movements are involuntary movements of a side of the body imitating intentional movements on the opposite side, appearing in early childhood and persisting beyond 7 years of age. Congenital mirror movements are usually idiopathic but have been reported in association with various brain malformations. METHODS We describe clinical, genetic, and radiologic features in 9 individuals from 5 families manifesting congenital mirror movements. RESULTS The brain malformations associated with congenital mirror movements were: dysplastic corpus callosum in father and daughter with a heterozygous p.Met1* mutation in DCC; hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, and malformed vermis in a mother and son with a heterozygous p.Thr312Met mutation in TUBB3; dysplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, abnormal vermis, and asymmetric ventricles in a father and 2 daughters with a heterozygous p.Arg121Trp mutation in TUBB; hypoplastic corpus callosum, dysgyria, malformed basal ganglia and abnormal vermis in a patient with a heterozygous p.Glu155Asp mutation in TUBA1A; hydrocephalus, hypoplastic corpus callosum, polymicrogyria, and cerebellar cysts in a patient with a homozygous p.Pro312Leu mutation in POMGNT1. CONCLUSION DCC, TUBB3, TUBB, TUBA1A, POMGNT1 cause abnormal axonal guidance via different mechanisms and result in congenital mirror movements associated with brain malformations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Nissenkorn
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Keren Yosovich
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Molecular Genetics Laboratory, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Zvi Leibovitz
- Fetal Neurology Clinic, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tamar Gur Hartman
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Movement Disorders Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Itay Zelcer
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, 61172HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Mohammad Hugirat
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, 61172HaEmek Medical Center, Afula, Israel
| | - Dorit Lev
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Rina Mor Institute of Medical Genetics, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Fetal Neurology Clinic, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Lubov Blumkin
- Metabolic Neurogenetic Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Pediatric Neurology Unit, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.,Pediatric Movement Disorders Service, 58883Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chaudhari K, Gorla M, Chang C, Kania A, Bashaw GJ. Robo recruitment of the Wave regulatory complex plays an essential and conserved role in midline repulsion. eLife 2021; 10:e64474. [PMID: 33843588 PMCID: PMC8096436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roundabout (Robo) guidance receptor family induces axon repulsion in response to its ligand Slit by inducing local cytoskeletal changes; however, the link to the cytoskeleton and the nature of these cytoskeletal changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that the heteropentameric Scar/Wave Regulatory Complex (WRC), which drives Arp2/3-induced branched actin polymerization, is a direct effector of Robo signaling. Biochemical evidence shows that Slit triggers WRC recruitment to the Robo receptor's WRC-interacting receptor sequence (WIRS) motif. In Drosophila embryos, mutants of the WRC enhance Robo1-dependent midline crossing defects. Additionally, mutating Robo1's WIRS motif significantly reduces receptor activity in rescue assays in vivo, and CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis shows that the WIRS motif is essential for endogenous Robo1 function. Finally, axon guidance assays in mouse dorsal spinal commissural axons and gain-of-function experiments in chick embryos demonstrate that the WIRS motif is also required for Robo1 repulsion in mammals. Together, our data support an essential conserved role for the WIRS-WRC interaction in Robo1-mediated axon repulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chaudhari
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Madhavi Gorla
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Chao Chang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhang H, Shi Q, Yang Z, Wang K, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Cui X, Li F. An Extracellular Matrix-Based Signature Associated With Immune Microenvironment Predicts the Prognosis and Therapeutic Responses of Patients With Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:598427. [PMID: 33869274 PMCID: PMC8044946 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.598427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has suggested that the cancer-associated extracellular matrix (ECM) could be recognised as immune-related biomarkers that modulate tumour progression and expansion. However, the ECM-associated immune effect on esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) prognosis and therapy has not been well characterised. In our study, we first constructed an ECM-related signature including four genes CST1, NELL2, ADAMTSL4, and ANGPTL7 by multivariate Cox regression analyses. This signature could serve as a marker to evaluate the prognosis of patients with ESCC and was successfully validated in testing and combined (training plus testing) cohorts. We also found that there were significant different therapeutic responses to chemotherapy and targeted drugs between the high-risk and low-risk groups of patients defined by the signature. Furthermore, the expression of four genes and immune function analysis suggested that this ECM-related signature gene might play important roles in the changes of the tumour microenvironment. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that the ECM-related signature might serve as an independent prognostic factor and provide a potential biomarker for chemotherapy responses for patients with ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongpan Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Shi
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Kaige Wang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaobin Cui
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nakamura R, Oyama T, Inokuchi M, Ishikawa S, Hirata M, Kawashima H, Ikeda H, Dobashi Y, Ooi A. Neural EGFL like 2 expressed in myoepithelial cells and suppressed breast cancer cell migration. Pathol Int 2021; 71:326-336. [PMID: 33657249 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Breast tissue has a branching structure that contains double-layered cells, consisting primarily of luminal epithelial cells inside and myoepithelial cells outside. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) still has myoepithelial cells surrounding the cancer cells. However, myoepithelial cells disappear in invasive ductal carcinoma. In this study, we detected expression of neural EGFL like (NELL) 2 and one of its receptors, roundabout guidance receptor (ROBO) 3, in myoepithelial and luminal epithelial cells (respectively) in normal breast tissue. NELL2 also was expressed in myoepithelial cells surrounding the non-cancerous intraductal proliferative lesions and DCIS. However, the expression level and proportion of NELL2-positive cells in DCIS were lower than those in normal and non-cancerous intraductal proliferative lesions. ROBO3 expression was decreased in invasive ductal carcinoma compared to that in normal and non-cancerous intraductal proliferative lesions. An evaluation of NELL2's function in breast cancer cell lines demonstrated that full-length NELL2 suppressed cell adhesion and migration in vitro. In contrast, the N-terminal domain of NELL2 increased cell adhesion in the early phase and migration in vitro in some breast cancer cells. These results suggested that full-length NELL2 protein, when expressed in myoepithelial cells, might serve as an inhibitor of breast cancer cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritsuko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takeru Oyama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inokuchi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Hirata
- Department of Breast Surgery, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kawashima
- Radiology Division, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoh Dobashi
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama, Japan.,Department of Pathology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Akishi Ooi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bourojeni FB, Zeilhofer HU, Kania A. Netrin-1 receptor DCC is required for the contralateral topography of lamina I anterolateral system neurons. Pain 2021; 162:161-175. [PMID: 32701653 PMCID: PMC7737868 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Anterolateral system (AS) neurons relay nociceptive information from the spinal cord to the brain, protecting the body from harm by evoking a variety of behaviours and autonomic responses. The developmental programs that guide the connectivity of AS neurons remain poorly understood. Spinofugal axons cross the spinal midline in response to Netrin-1 signalling through its receptor deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC); however, the relevance of this canonical pathway to AS neuron development has only been demonstrated recently. Here, we disrupted Netrin-1:DCC signalling developmentally in AS neurons and assessed the consequences on the path finding of the different classes of spinofugal neurons. Many lamina I AS neurons normally innervate the lateral parabrachial nucleus and periaqueductal gray on the contralateral side. The loss of DCC in the developing spinal cord resulted in increased frequency of ipsilateral projection of spinoparabrachial and spinoperiaqueductal gray neurons. Given that contralateral spinofugal projections are largely associated with somatotopic representation of the body, changes in the laterality of AS spinofugal projections may contribute to reduced precision in pain localization observed in mice and humans carrying Dcc mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farin B. Bourojeni
- Research Unit in Neural Circuit Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Hanns Ulrich Zeilhofer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Artur Kania
- Research Unit in Neural Circuit Development, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Luo C, Lu Z, Chen Y, Chen X, Liu N, Chen J, Dong S. MicroRNA-640 promotes cell proliferation and adhesion in glioblastoma by targeting Slit guidance ligand 1. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:161. [PMID: 33552279 PMCID: PMC7798089 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) on glioblastoma have attracted the attention of researchers in the last 7 years. However, the role of miR-640 and its targeted gene, Slit guidance ligand 1 (SLIT1), in the development of glioblastoma are not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to investigate the role of miR-640 in the proliferation and adhesion of glioblastoma. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis was performed to detect miR-640 and SLIT1 expression in glioblastoma tissues and cells. In addition, the Dual-luciferase reporter and RNA-pull down assays were performed to assess the association between miR-640 and SLIT1. The Cell Counting Kit-8, BrdU ELISA, cell adhesion and caspase-3 activity assays were also performed to assess cell viability, proliferation, adhesion and apoptosis of glioblastoma cells, respectively. The results demonstrated that miR-640 expression was upregulated in glioblastoma tissues and cells. In addition, miR-640 promoted the cell viability, proliferation and adhesion of glioblastoma cells, while inhibiting cell apoptosis. SLIT1, a direct downstream target of miR-640, was demonstrated to be downregulated in glioblastoma tissues and cells. Furthermore, overexpression of SLIT1 attenuated the promotive effect of miR-640 on glioblastoma cells. Taken together, these results suggest that miR-640 accelerates the proliferation and adhesion of glioblastoma cell lines by targeting and suppressing SLIT1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430034, P.R. China
| | - Zhiying Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kunming Medical University Affiliated Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan 650034, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430034, P.R. China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430034, P.R. China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430034, P.R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430034, P.R. China
| | - Shanwu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430034, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alvarez S, Varadarajan SG, Butler SJ. Dorsal commissural axon guidance in the developing spinal cord. Curr Top Dev Biol 2020; 142:197-231. [PMID: 33706918 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Commissural axons have been a key model system for identifying axon guidance signals in vertebrates. This review summarizes the current thinking about the molecular and cellular mechanisms that establish a specific commissural neural circuit: the dI1 neurons in the developing spinal cord. We assess the contribution of long- and short-range signaling while sequentially following the developmental timeline from the birth of dI1 neurons, to the extension of commissural axons first circumferentially and then contralaterally into the ventral funiculus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Alvarez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Samantha J Butler
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brown HE, Evans TA. Minimal structural elements required for midline repulsive signaling and regulation of Drosophila Robo1. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241150. [PMID: 33091076 PMCID: PMC7580999 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Roundabout (Robo) family of axon guidance receptors has a conserved ectodomain arrangement of five immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains plus three fibronectin type III (Fn) repeats. Based on the strong evolutionary conservation of this domain structure among Robo receptors, as well as in vitro structural and domain-domain interaction studies of Robo family members, this ectodomain arrangement is predicted to be important for Robo receptor signaling in response to Slit ligands. Here, we define the minimal ectodomain structure required for Slit binding and midline repulsive signaling in vivo by Drosophila Robo1. We find that the majority of the Robo1 ectodomain is dispensable for both Slit binding and repulsive signaling. We show that a significant level of midline repulsive signaling activity is retained when all Robo1 ectodomain elements apart from Ig1 are deleted, and that the combination of Ig1 plus one additional ectodomain element (Ig2, Ig5, or Fn3) is sufficient to restore midline repulsion to wild type levels. Further, we find that deleting four out of five Robo1 Ig domains (ΔIg2-5) does not affect negative regulation of Robo1 by Commissureless (Comm) or Robo2, while variants lacking all three fibronectin repeats (ΔFn1-3 and ΔIg2-Fn3) are insensitive to regulation by both Comm and Robo2, signifying a novel regulatory role for Robo1's Fn repeats. Our results provide an in vivo perspective on the importance of the conserved 5+3 ectodomain structure of Robo receptors, and suggest that specific biochemical properties and/or ectodomain structural conformations observed in vitro for domains other than Ig1 may have limited significance for in vivo signaling in the context of midline repulsion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haley E. Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Evans
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Perera SN, Williams RM, Lyne R, Stubbs O, Buehler DP, Sauka-Spengler T, Noda M, Micklem G, Southard-Smith EM, Baker CVH. Insights into olfactory ensheathing cell development from a laser-microdissection and transcriptome-profiling approach. Glia 2020; 68:2550-2584. [PMID: 32857879 PMCID: PMC7116175 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are neural crest-derived glia that ensheath bundles of olfactory axons from their peripheral origins in the olfactory epithelium to their central targets in the olfactory bulb. We took an unbiased laser microdissection and differential RNA-seq approach, validated by in situ hybridization, to identify candidate molecular mechanisms underlying mouse OEC development and differences with the neural crest-derived Schwann cells developing on other peripheral nerves. We identified 25 novel markers for developing OECs in the olfactory mucosa and/or the olfactory nerve layer surrounding the olfactory bulb, of which 15 were OEC-specific (that is, not expressed by Schwann cells). One pan-OEC-specific gene, Ptprz1, encodes a receptor-like tyrosine phosphatase that blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation. Mutant analysis suggests Ptprz1 may also act as a brake on OEC differentiation, and that its loss disrupts olfactory axon targeting. Overall, our results provide new insights into OEC development and the diversification of neural crest-derived glia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surangi N Perera
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ruth M Williams
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Lyne
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oliver Stubbs
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dennis P Buehler
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Masaharu Noda
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Gos Micklem
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Michelle Southard-Smith
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Clare V H Baker
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bhosle VK, Mukherjee T, Huang YW, Patel S, Pang BWF, Liu GY, Glogauer M, Wu JY, Philpott DJ, Grinstein S, Robinson LA. SLIT2/ROBO1-signaling inhibits macropinocytosis by opposing cortical cytoskeletal remodeling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4112. [PMID: 32807784 PMCID: PMC7431850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Macropinocytosis is essential for myeloid cells to survey their environment and for growth of RAS-transformed cancer cells. Several growth factors and inflammatory stimuli are known to induce macropinocytosis, but its endogenous inhibitors have remained elusive. Stimulation of Roundabout receptors by Slit ligands inhibits directional migration of many cell types, including immune cells and cancer cells. We report that SLIT2 inhibits macropinocytosis in vitro and in vivo by inducing cytoskeletal changes in macrophages. In mice, SLIT2 attenuates the uptake of muramyl dipeptide, thereby preventing NOD2-dependent activation of NF-κB and consequent secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokine, CXCL1. Conversely, blocking the action of endogenous SLIT2 enhances CXCL1 secretion. SLIT2 also inhibits macropinocytosis in RAS-transformed cancer cells, thereby decreasing their survival in nutrient-deficient conditions which resemble tumor microenvironment. Our results identify SLIT2 as a physiological inhibitor of macropinocytosis and challenge the conventional notion that signals that enhance macropinocytosis negatively regulate cell migration, and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant K Bhosle
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Tapas Mukherjee
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yi-Wei Huang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Sajedabanu Patel
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Bo Wen Frank Pang
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- BenchSci, Suite 201, 559 College Street, Toronto, ON, M6G 1A9, Canada
| | - Guang-Ying Liu
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 101 Elm Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 2L3, Canada
- Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, University Health Network, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C1, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Dental Research and Care, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jane Y Wu
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Dana J Philpott
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sergio Grinstein
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, 290 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, M5C 1N8, Canada
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada.
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Gorla M, Bashaw GJ. Molecular mechanisms regulating axon responsiveness at the midline. Dev Biol 2020; 466:12-21. [PMID: 32818516 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic development in bilaterally symmetric organisms, correct midline crossing is important for the proper formation of functional neural circuits. The aberrant development of neural circuits can result in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, including horizontal gaze palsy, congenital mirror movement disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate proper axon guidance at the midline can provide insights into the pathology of neurological disorders. The signaling mechanisms that regulate midline crossing have been extensively studied in the Drosophila ventral nerve cord and the mouse embryonic spinal cord. In this review, we discuss these axon guidance mechanisms, highlighting the most recent advances in the understanding of how commissural axons switch their responsiveness from attractants to repellents during midline crossing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Gorla
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kim HR, Kim DH, An JY, Kang D, Park JW, Hwang EM, Seo EJ, Jang IH, Ha CM, Lee BJ. NELL2 Function in Axon Development of Hippocampal Neurons. Mol Cells 2020; 43:581-589. [PMID: 32597395 PMCID: PMC7332358 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons have multiple dendrites and single axon. This neuronal polarity is gradually established during early processes of neuronal differentiation: generation of multiple neurites (stages 1-2); differentiation (stage 3) and maturation (stages 4-5) of an axon and dendrites. In this study, we demonstrated that the neuron-specific n-glycosylated protein NELL2 is important for neuronal polarization and axon growth using cultured rat embryonic hippocampal neurons. Endogenous NELL2 expression was gradually increased in parallel with the progression of developmental stages of hippocampal neurons, and overexpression of NELL2 stimulated neuronal polarization and axon growth. In line with these results, knockdown of NELL2 expression resulted in deterioration of neuronal development, including inhibition of neuronal development progression, decreased axon growth and increased axon branching. Inhibitor against extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) dramatically inhibited NELL2-induced progression of neuronal development and axon growth. These results suggest that NELL2 is an important regulator for the morphological development for neuronal polarization and axon growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Rae Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 4460, Korea
- Present address: Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 4460, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Ji Young An
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 4460, Korea
- These authors contributed equally to this work.
| | - Dasol Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 4460, Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 4460, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Hwang
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 079, Korea
| | - Eun Jin Seo
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Il Ho Jang
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Dental and Life Science Institute, Pusan National University School of Dentistry, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Chang Man Ha
- Research Division and Brain Research Core Facilities of Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 1068, Korea,
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 4460, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Surface LE, Burrow DT, Li J, Park J, Kumar S, Lyu C, Song N, Yu Z, Rajagopal A, Bae Y, Lee BH, Mumm S, Gu CC, Baker JC, Mohseni M, Sum M, Huskey M, Duan S, Bijanki VN, Civitelli R, Gardner MJ, McAndrew CM, Ricci WM, Gurnett CA, Diemer K, Wan F, Costantino CL, Shannon KM, Raje N, Dodson TB, Haber DA, Carette JE, Varadarajan M, Brummelkamp TR, Birsoy K, Sabatini DM, Haller G, Peterson TR. ATRAID regulates the action of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates on bone. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaav9166. [PMID: 32434850 PMCID: PMC7882121 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav9166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs), such as alendronate, are the most widely prescribed medications for diseases involving bone, with nearly 200 million prescriptions written annually. Recently, widespread use of N-BPs has been challenged due to the risk of rare but traumatic side effects such as atypical femoral fracture (AFF) and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). N-BPs bind to and inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase, resulting in defects in protein prenylation. Yet, it remains poorly understood what other cellular factors might allow N-BPs to exert their pharmacological effects. Here, we performed genome-wide studies in cells and patients to identify the poorly characterized gene, ATRAID Loss of ATRAID function results in selective resistance to N-BP-mediated loss of cell viability and the prevention of alendronate-mediated inhibition of prenylation. ATRAID is required for alendronate inhibition of osteoclast function, and ATRAID-deficient mice have impaired therapeutic responses to alendronate in both postmenopausal and senile (old age) osteoporosis models. Last, we performed exome sequencing on patients taking N-BPs that suffered ONJ or an AFF. ATRAID is one of three genes that contain rare nonsynonymous coding variants in patients with ONJ or an AFF that is also differentially expressed in poor outcome groups of patients treated with N-BPs. We functionally validated this patient variation in ATRAID as conferring cellular hypersensitivity to N-BPs. Our work adds key insight into the mechanistic action of N-BPs and the processes that might underlie differential responsiveness to N-BPs in people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Surface
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Damon T Burrow
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinmei Li
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiwoong Park
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cheng Lyu
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Niki Song
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Center for Systems Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Abbhirami Rajagopal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yangjin Bae
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brendan H Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Steven Mumm
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Charles C Gu
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8067, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan C Baker
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mahshid Mohseni
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Melissa Sum
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, NYU Langone Health, 530 1st Ave., Schwartz 5E., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Margaret Huskey
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shenghui Duan
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Roberto Civitelli
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Gardner
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, 450 Broadway Street, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Chris M McAndrew
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 4938 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - William M Ricci
- Hospital for Special Surgery Main Campus-Belaire Building, 525 East 71st Street 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Christina A Gurnett
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, 4938 Parkview Place, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathryn Diemer
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fei Wan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8109, 4590 Children's Place, Suite 9600, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Christina L Costantino
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kristen M Shannon
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Noopur Raje
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas B Dodson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel A Haber
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Malini Varadarajan
- Oncology Disease Area, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, CA 02140, USA
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Oncode Institute, Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Cancer Genomics Center, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David M Sabatini
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Whitehead Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- David H. Koch Center for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabe Haller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8111, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8057, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Timothy R Peterson
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, BJC Institute of Health, 425 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4515 McKinley Ave. Campus Box 8232, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Institute for Public Health, Washington University School of Medicine, 600 S. Taylor Suite 2400, Campus Box 8217, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pak JS, DeLoughery ZJ, Wang J, Acharya N, Park Y, Jaworski A, Özkan E. NELL2-Robo3 complex structure reveals mechanisms of receptor activation for axon guidance. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1489. [PMID: 32198364 PMCID: PMC7083938 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Axon pathfinding is critical for nervous system development, and it is orchestrated by molecular cues that activate receptors on the axonal growth cone. Robo family receptors bind Slit guidance cues to mediate axon repulsion. In mammals, the divergent family member Robo3 does not bind Slits, but instead signals axon repulsion from its own ligand, NELL2. Conversely, canonical Robos do not mediate NELL2 signaling. Here, we present the structures of NELL-Robo3 complexes, identifying a mode of ligand engagement for Robos that is orthogonal to Slit binding. We elucidate the structural basis for differential binding between NELL and Robo family members and show that NELL2 repulsive activity is a function of its Robo3 affinity and is enhanced by ligand trimerization. Our results reveal a mechanism of oligomerization-induced Robo activation for axon guidance and shed light on Robo family member ligand binding specificity, conformational variability, divergent modes of signaling, and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Pak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zachary J DeLoughery
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nischal Acharya
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yeonwoo Park
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alexander Jaworski
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Engin Özkan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Grossman Institute for Neuroscience, Quantitative Biology and Human Behavior, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The spinal cord receives, relays and processes sensory information from the periphery and integrates this information with descending inputs from supraspinal centres to elicit precise and appropriate behavioural responses and orchestrate body movements. Understanding how the spinal cord circuits that achieve this integration are wired during development is the focus of much research interest. Several families of proteins have well-established roles in guiding developing spinal cord axons, and recent findings have identified new axon guidance molecules. Nevertheless, an integrated view of spinal cord network development is lacking, and many current models have neglected the cellular and functional diversity of spinal cord circuits. Recent advances challenge the existing spinal cord axon guidance dogmas and have provided a more complex, but more faithful, picture of the ontogenesis of vertebrate spinal cord circuits.
Collapse
|
41
|
Niimi T. Roles of Slit Ligands and Their Roundabout (Robo) Family of Receptors in Bone Remodeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 21:143-154. [PMID: 32986130 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Slit guidance ligands (Slits) and their roundabout (Robo) family of receptors are well-known axon guidance molecules that were originally identified in Drosophila mutants with commissural axon pathfinding defects. However, Slit-Robo signaling has been shown to be involved in not only neurogenesis, but also the development of other organs such as the kidney and heart. Recently, it was also revealed that Slit-Robo signaling plays an important role in bone metabolism. For example, osteoclast-derived Slit3 plays an osteoprotective role by synchronously stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and suppressing bone resorption by osteoclasts through Robo receptors expressed on osteoblastic and osteoclastic cell lineages, making it a potential therapeutic target for metabolic bone disorders. Furthermore, osteoblast-derived Slit3 promotes bone formation indirectly as a proangiogenic factor. This review summarizes the recent progress on defining the roles of the Slit-Robo signaling in bone metabolism, and discusses the possible roles of the interaction between Robo and neural epidermal growth factor-like (NEL)-like (NELL) proteins that are novel ligands for Robo receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Niimi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Comer JD, Alvarez S, Butler SJ, Kaltschmidt JA. Commissural axon guidance in the developing spinal cord: from Cajal to the present day. Neural Dev 2019; 14:9. [PMID: 31514748 PMCID: PMC6739980 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-019-0133-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
During neuronal development, the formation of neural circuits requires developing axons to traverse a diverse cellular and molecular environment to establish synaptic contacts with the appropriate postsynaptic partners. Essential to this process is the ability of developing axons to navigate guidance molecules presented by specialized populations of cells. These cells partition the distance traveled by growing axons into shorter intervals by serving as intermediate targets, orchestrating the arrival and departure of axons by providing attractive and repulsive guidance cues. The floor plate in the central nervous system (CNS) is a critical intermediate target during neuronal development, required for the extension of commissural axons across the ventral midline. In this review, we begin by giving a historical overview of the ventral commissure and the evolutionary purpose of decussation. We then review the axon guidance studies that have revealed a diverse assortment of midline guidance cues, as well as genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms required for coordinating the commissural axon response to these cues. Finally, we examine the contribution of dysfunctional axon guidance to neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Comer
- Neuroscience Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA.,Developmental Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Alvarez
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - S J Butler
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - J A Kaltschmidt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tulloch AJ, Teo S, Carvajal BV, Tessier-Lavigne M, Jaworski A. Diverse spinal commissural neuron populations revealed by fate mapping and molecular profiling using a novel Robo3 Cre mouse. J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2948-2972. [PMID: 31152445 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The two sides of the nervous system coordinate and integrate information via commissural neurons, which project axons across the midline. Commissural neurons in the spinal cord are a highly heterogeneous population of cells with respect to their birthplace, final cell body position, axonal trajectory, and neurotransmitter phenotype. Although commissural axon guidance during development has been studied in great detail, neither the developmental origins nor the mature phenotypes of commissural neurons have been characterized comprehensively, largely due to lack of selective genetic access to these neurons. Here, we generated mice expressing Cre recombinase from the Robo3 locus specifically in commissural neurons. We used Robo3 Cre mice to characterize the transcriptome and various origins of developing commissural neurons, revealing new details about their extensive heterogeneity in molecular makeup and developmental lineage. Further, we followed the fate of commissural neurons into adulthood, thereby elucidating their settling positions and molecular diversity and providing evidence for possible functions in various spinal cord circuits. Our studies establish an important genetic entry point for further analyses of commissural neuron development, connectivity, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Tulloch
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Shaun Teo
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | | | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Alexander Jaworski
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island.,Robert J. and Nancy D. Carney Institute for Brain Science, Providence, Rhode Island
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jiang Z, Liang G, Xiao Y, Qin T, Chen X, Wu E, Ma Q, Wang Z. Targeting the SLIT/ROBO pathway in tumor progression: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919855238. [PMID: 31217826 PMCID: PMC6557020 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919855238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The SLITs (SLIT1, SLIT2, and SLIT3) are a family of secreted proteins that mediate positional interactions between cells and their environment during development by signaling through ROBO receptors (ROBO1, ROBO2, ROBO3, and ROBO4). The SLIT/ROBO signaling pathway has been shown to participate in axonal repulsion, axon guidance, and neuronal migration in the nervous system and the formation of the vascular system. However, the role of the SLIT/ROBO pathway has not been thoroughly clarified in tumor development. The SLIT/ROBO pathway can produce both beneficial and detrimental effects in the growth of malignant cells. It has been confirmed that SLIT/ROBO play contradictory roles in tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the tumor promotion and tumor suppression roles of the SLIT/ROBO pathway in tumor growth, angiogenesis, migration, and the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these roles will help us develop more effective cancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, No. 215 Hospital of Shaanxi Nuclear Industry, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Institute, Baylor Scott and White Health, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Qingyong Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Tong M, Jun T, Nie Y, Hao J, Fan D. The Role of the Slit/Robo Signaling Pathway. J Cancer 2019; 10:2694-2705. [PMID: 31258778 PMCID: PMC6584916 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Slit family is a family of secreted proteins that play important roles in various physiologic and pathologic activities via interacting with Robo receptors. Slit/Robo signaling was first identified in the nervous system, where it functions in neuronal axon guidance; nevertheless, an increasing number of studies have shown that Slit/Robo signaling even regulates other activities, such as angiogenesis, inflammatory cell chemotaxis, tumor cell migration and metastasis. Although the precise role of the ligand-receptor in organisms has been obscure and the conclusions drawn are sometimes paradoxical, tremendous advances in understanding the Slit/Robo signaling pathway have been made. As such, our review summarizes the characteristics of the Slit/Robo signaling pathway and its role in various cell types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfu Tong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tie Jun
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jianyu Hao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Daiming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Taroc EZM, Lin JM, Tulloch AJ, Jaworski A, Forni PE. GnRH-1 Neural Migration From the Nose to the Brain Is Independent From Slit2, Robo3 and NELL2 Signaling. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:70. [PMID: 30881290 PMCID: PMC6406018 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 (GnRH-1) neurons play a pivotal role in controlling pubertal onset and fertility once they reach their hypothalamic location. During embryonic development, GnRH-1 neurons migrate from the nasal area to the hypothalamus where they modulate gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland. Defective migration of the GnRH-1 neurons to the brain, lack of GnRH-1 secretion or signaling cause hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), a pathology characterized by delayed or absence of puberty. Binding of the guidance cue Slit2 to the receptor roundabout 3 (Robo3) has been proposed to modulate GnRH-1 cell motility and basal forebrain (bFB) access during migration. However, evidence suggests that Neural EGFL Like 2 (NELL2), not Slit2, binds to Robo3. To resolve this discrepancy, we analyzed GnRH-1 neuronal migration in NELL2, Robo3, and Slit2 knock-out mouse lines. Our data do not confirm a negative effect for monogenic Robo3 and Slit2 mutations on GnRH-1 neuronal migration from the nasal area to the brain. Moreover, we found no changes in GnRH-1 neuronal migration in the brain after NELL2 loss-of-function. However, we found that Slit2 loss-of-function alters the patterning of GnRH-1 cells in the brain, suggesting that Slit2 loss-of-function affects GnRH-1 cell positioning in the brain in a Robo3 independent fashion. Our results challenge previous theories on GnRH-1 neuronal migration mechanisms and provide a new impetus to identify and understand the complex genetic mechanisms causing disorders like Kallmann syndrome (KS) and HH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ed Zandro M Taroc
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer M Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Alastair J Tulloch
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Alexander Jaworski
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nakamoto C, Durward E, Horie M, Nakamoto M. Nell2 regulates the contralateral-versus-ipsilateral visual projection as a domain-specific positional cue. Development 2019; 146:dev.170704. [PMID: 30745429 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In mammals with binocular vision, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons from each eye project to eye-specific domains in the contralateral and ipsilateral dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN), underpinning disparity-based stereopsis. Although domain-specific axon guidance cues that discriminate contralateral and ipsilateral RGC axons have long been postulated as a key mechanism for development of the eye-specific retinogeniculate projection, the molecular nature of such cues has remained elusive. Here, we show that the extracellular glycoprotein Nell2 (neural epidermal growth factor-like-like 2) is expressed in the dorsomedial region of the dLGN, which ipsilateral RGC axons terminate in and contralateral axons avoid. In Nell2 mutant mice, contralateral RGC axons abnormally invaded the ipsilateral domain of the dLGN, and ipsilateral axons terminated in partially fragmented patches, forming a mosaic pattern of contralateral and ipsilateral axon-termination zones. In vitro, Nell2 exerted inhibitory effects on contralateral, but not ipsilateral, RGC axons. These results provide evidence that Nell2 acts as a domain-specific positional label in the dLGN that discriminates contralateral and ipsilateral RGC axons, and that it plays essential roles in the establishment of the eye-specific retinogeniculate projection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chizu Nakamoto
- Aberdeen Developmental Biology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Elaine Durward
- Aberdeen Developmental Biology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Masato Horie
- Department of CNS Research, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, 463-10 Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakamoto
- Aberdeen Developmental Biology Group, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yamamoto N, Kashiwagi M, Ishihara M, Kojima T, Maturana AD, Kuroda S, Niimi T. Robo2 contains a cryptic binding site for neural EGFL-like (NELL) protein 1/2. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4693-4703. [PMID: 30700556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathways that are mediated by Slit ligands and their Roundabout (Robo) family of receptors play multifunctional roles in the development of the nervous system and other organs. A recent study identified neural epidermal growth factor-like (NEL)-like 2 (NELL2) as a novel ligand for Robo3. In this study, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between NELL1 and the Robo family of receptors and demonstrated that Robo2 contains a cryptic binding site for both NELL1 and NELL2. NELL1/2 binds to the first fibronectin type III (FNIII) domain of Robo2 but not to intact Robo2. Mutation analysis revealed that several amino acids within the first FNIII domain are critical for NELL1 binding to Robo2 but not to Robo1. The Robo2 deletion mutants without the fourth immunoglobulin domain and single amino acid substitution mutants that can influence the architecture of the ectodomain facilitated binding to NELL1/2. Acidic conditions increased the binding affinity of Robo2 for NELL1. These results suggest that Robo2 functions as a receptor for NELL1/2, particularly under circumstances where Robo2 undergoes proteolytic digestion. If this is not the case, conformational changes of the ectodomain of Robo2 may unmask the binding site for NELL1/2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoka Yamamoto
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Manabu Kashiwagi
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Manami Ishihara
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Takaaki Kojima
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Andrés D Maturana
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| | - Shun'ichi Kuroda
- the Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Niimi
- From the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan and
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Long-Range Guidance of Spinal Commissural Axons by Netrin1 and Sonic Hedgehog from Midline Floor Plate Cells. Neuron 2019; 101:635-647.e4. [PMID: 30661738 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An important model for axon pathfinding is provided by guidance of embryonic commissural axons from dorsal spinal cord to ventral midline floor plate (FP). FP cells produce a chemoattractive activity, comprised largely of netrin1 (FP-netrin1) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh), that can attract the axons at a distance in vitro. netrin1 is also produced by ventricular zone (VZ) progenitors along the axons' route (VZ-netrin1). Recent studies using region-specific netrin1 deletion suggested that FP-netrin1 is dispensable and VZ-netrin1 sufficient for netrin guidance activity in vivo. We show that removing FP-netrin1 actually causes guidance defects in spinal cord consistent with long-range action (i.e., over hundreds of micrometers), and double mutant analysis supports that FP-netrin1 and Shh collaborate to attract at long range. We further provide evidence that netrin1 may guide via chemotaxis or haptotaxis. These results support the model that netrin1 signals at both short and long range to guide commissural axons in spinal cord.
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
The creation of complex neuronal networks relies on ligand-receptor interactions that mediate attraction or repulsion towards specific targets. Roundabouts comprise a family of single-pass transmembrane receptors facilitating this process upon interaction with the soluble extracellular ligand Slit protein family emanating from the midline. Due to the complexity and flexible nature of Robo receptors , their overall structure has remained elusive until now. Recent structural studies of the Robo 1 and Robo 2 ectodomains have provided the basis for a better understanding of their signalling mechanism. These structures reveal how Robo receptors adopt an auto-inhibited conformation on the cell surface that can be further stabilised by cis and/or trans oligmerisation arrays. Upon Slit -N binding Robo receptors must undergo a conformational change for Ig4 mediated dimerisation and signaling, probably via endocytosis. Furthermore, it's become clear that Robo receptors do not only act alone, but as large and more complex cell surface receptor assemblies to manifest directional and growth effects in a concerted fashion. These context dependent assemblies provide a mechanism to fine tune attractive and repulsive signals in a combinatorial manner required during neuronal development. While a mechanistic understanding of Slit mediated Robo signaling has advanced significantly further structural studies on larger assemblies are required for the design of new experiments to elucidate their role in cell surface receptor complexes. These will be necessary to understand the role of Slit -Robo signaling in neurogenesis, angiogenesis, organ development and cancer progression. In this chapter, we provide a review of the current knowledge in the field with a particular focus on the Roundabout receptor family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bisiak
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France.
| | - Andrew A McCarthy
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue Des Martyrs, 38042, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|