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Yu HP, Zhu YJ. Guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials: from weak to strong. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4490-4606. [PMID: 38502087 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms in nature have undergone continuous evolution over billions of years, resulting in the formation of high-performance fracture-resistant biomineralized tissues such as bones and teeth to fulfill mechanical and biological functions, despite the fact that most inorganic biominerals that constitute biomineralized tissues are weak and brittle. During the long-period evolution process, nature has evolved a number of highly effective and smart strategies to design chemical compositions and structures of biomineralized tissues to enable superior properties and to adapt to surrounding environments. Most biomineralized tissues have hierarchically ordered structures consisting of very small building blocks on the nanometer scale (nanoparticles, nanofibers or nanoflakes) to reduce the inherent weaknesses and brittleness of corresponding inorganic biominerals, to prevent crack initiation and propagation, and to allow high defect tolerance. The bioinspired principles derived from biomineralized tissues are indispensable for designing and constructing high-performance biomimetic materials. In recent years, a large number of high-performance biomimetic materials have been prepared based on these bioinspired principles with a large volume of literature covering this topic. Therefore, a timely and comprehensive review on this hot topic is highly important and contributes to the future development of this rapidly evolving research field. This review article aims to be comprehensive, authoritative, and critical with wide general interest to the science community, summarizing recent advances in revealing the formation processes, composition, and structures of biomineralized tissues, providing in-depth insights into guidelines derived from biomineralized tissues for the design and construction of high-performance biomimetic materials, and discussing recent progress, current research trends, key problems, future main research directions and challenges, and future perspectives in this exciting and rapidly evolving research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
| | - Ying-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Molnár Z, Pekker P, Rečnik A, Pósfai M. Formation and properties of spindle-shaped aragonite mesocrystals from Mg-bearing solutions. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2012-2021. [PMID: 38194258 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04672a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The formation of aragonite under ambient conditions is typically linked to Mg-rich aqueous environments. The grains that form in such environments show peculiar properties such as aggregate-like appearance and mesocrystalline character. We tested the effect of dissolved Mg2+ ions on the formation of aragonite mesocrystals by synthesizing aragonite with an automatic titrator at constant pH and at different dissolved Mg : Ca ratios, and by studying the properties of the precipitated material with various scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques. At all studied Mg : Ca ratios the firstly condensed carbonate phase was Mg-bearing amorphous calcium carbonate (Mg-ACC) that transformed into aragonite during the synthesis experiments. The aragonite grains had typically aggregate-like appearance and spindle shapes, with the external morphologies of the spindles unaffected by variation in solution chemistry. The alignment of the nanocrystals within the aggregates was crystallographically highly coherent, the [001] directions of nanocrystals showing only a small misorientation with respect to one another; however, both parallel and twin assembly of neighbouring crystals occurred. An increase in the dissolved Mg concentration decreased the crystallographic coherence between the aragonite nanocrystals, suggesting an important role of Mg2+ ions in the assembly of aragonite spindles. Whereas the mesoscale-ordered arrangement of nanocrystals implies a particle-mediated assembly, the observed differences in particle size and composition between the amorphous precursor and the crystalline end-product suggest that the crystallization includes at least partial dissolution and re-precipitation. These findings provide insight into the formation of aragonite and could contribute to the understanding of important aspects of the formation of mesocrystals and hierarchically structured biogenic minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Molnár
- University of Pannonia, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Nanolab, Egyetem st. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-PE Environmental Mineralogy Research Group, Egyetem st. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Péter Pekker
- University of Pannonia, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Nanolab, Egyetem st. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
| | - Aleksander Rečnik
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Department of Nanostructured Materials, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihály Pósfai
- University of Pannonia, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Nanolab, Egyetem st. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary.
- HUN-REN-PE Environmental Mineralogy Research Group, Egyetem st. 10, 8200, Veszprém, Hungary
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3
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Kuhrts L, Helmbrecht L, Noorduin WL, Pohl D, Sun X, Palatnik A, Wetzker C, Jantschke A, Schlierf M, Zlotnikov I. Recruiting Unicellular Algae for the Mass Production of Nanostructured Perovskites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300355. [PMID: 36775880 PMCID: PMC10104627 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional capacities of lead halide perovskites are strongly dependent on their morphology, crystallographic texture, and internal ultrastructure on the nano- and the meso-scale. In the last decade, significant efforts are directed towards the development of novel synthesis routes that would overcome the morphological constraints provided by the physical and crystallographic properties of these materials. In contrast, various living organisms, such as unicellular algae, have the ability to mold biogenic crystals into a vast variety of intricate nano-architectured shapes while keeping their single crystalline nature. Here, using the cell wall of the dinoflagellate L. granifera as a model, sustainably harvested biogenic calcite is successfully transformed into nano-structured perovskites. Three variants of lead halide perovskites CH3 NH3 PbX3 are generated with X = Cl- , Br- and I- ; exhibiting emission peak-wavelength ranging from blue, to green, to near-infrared, respectively. The approach can be used for the mass production of nano-architectured perovskites with desired morphological, textural and, consequently, physical properties exploiting the numerous templates provided by calcite forming unicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Kuhrts
- B CUBE – Center for Molecular BioengineeringDresden University of TechnologyTatzberg 4101307DresdenGermany
| | | | - Willem L. Noorduin
- AMOLFScience Park 104Amsterdam1098 XGThe Netherlands
- Van ‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdam1090 GDThe Netherlands
| | - Darius Pohl
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN)Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Dresden University of TechnologyHelmholtzstraße 1801069DresdenGermany
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Dresden RossendorfBautzner Landstraße 40001328DresdenGermany
| | - Alexander Palatnik
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic MaterialsDresden University of TechnologyNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Cornelia Wetzker
- Light microscopy facility of the Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB)Dresden University of Technology01062DresdenGermany
| | - Anne Jantschke
- Institute for GeosciencesJohannes Gutenberg University Mainz55099MainzGermany
| | - Michael Schlierf
- B CUBE – Center for Molecular BioengineeringDresden University of TechnologyTatzberg 4101307DresdenGermany
- Physics of LifeDFG Cluster of ExcellenceTU Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE – Center for Molecular BioengineeringDresden University of TechnologyTatzberg 4101307DresdenGermany
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4
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Wang Q, Yuan B, Huang W, Ping H, Xie J, Wang K, Wang W, Zou Z, Fu Z. Bioprocess inspired formation of calcite mesocrystals by cation-mediated particle attachment mechanism. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad014. [PMID: 36960223 PMCID: PMC10029847 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcite mesocrystals were proposed, and have been widely reported, to form in the presence of polymer additives via oriented assembly of nanoparticles. However, the formation mechanism and the role of polymer additives remain elusive. Here, inspired by the biomineralization process of sea urchin spine comprising magnesium calcite mesocrystals, we show that calcite mesocrystals could also be obtained via attachment of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) nanoparticles in the presence of inorganic zinc ions. Moreover, we demonstrate that zinc ions can induce the formation of temporarily stabilized amorphous nanoparticles of less than 20 nm at a significantly lower calcium carbonate concentration as compared to pure solution, which is energetically beneficial for the attachment and occlusion during calcite growth. The cation-mediated particle attachment crystallization significantly improves our understanding of mesocrystal formation mechanisms in biomineralization and offers new opportunities to bioprocess inspired inorganic ions regulated materials fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Gorzelak P, Kołbuk D, Stolarski J, Bącal P, Januszewicz B, Duda P, Środek D, Brachaniec T, Salamon MA. A Devonian crinoid with a diamond microlattice. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230092. [PMID: 36987636 PMCID: PMC10050926 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Owing to their remarkable physical properties, cellular structures, such as triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS), have multidisciplinary and multifunctional applications. Although these structures are observed in nature, examples of TPMS with large length scales in living organisms are exceedingly rare. Recently, microstructure reminiscent of the diamond-type TPMS was documented in the skeleton of the modern knobby starfish Protoreaster nodosus. Here we report a similar microlattice in a 385 Myr old crinoid Haplocrinites, which pushes back the origins of this highly ordered microstructure in echinoderms into the Devonian. Despite the low Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio of the 'calcite' Devonian sea, the skeleton of these crinoids has high-Mg content, which indicates strong biological control over biomineralogy. We suggest that such an optimization of trabecular arrangement additionally enriched in magnesium, which enhances the mechanical properties, might have evolved in these crinoids in response to increased predation pressure during the Middle Palaeozoic Marine Revolution. This discovery illustrates the remarkable ability of echinoderms, through the process of evolutionary optimization, to form a lightweight, stiff and damage-tolerant skeleton, which serves as an inspiration for biomimetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Gorzelak
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa 00-818, Poland
| | - Dorota Kołbuk
- UCD Earth Institute and School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jarosław Stolarski
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa 00-818, Poland
| | - Paweł Bącal
- Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, Warszawa 00-818, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Januszewicz
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 1/15, 90-537 Łódź, Poland
| | - Piotr Duda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec 41-205, Poland
| | - Dorota Środek
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brachaniec
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
| | - Mariusz A. Salamon
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Sosnowiec 41-200, Poland
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6
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Deng Z, Chen L, Li L. Comparative nanoindentation study of biogenic and geological calcite. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 137:105538. [PMID: 36343519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biogenic minerals are often reported to be harder and tougher than their geological counterparts. However, quantitative comparison of their mechanical properties, particularly fracture toughness, is still limited. Here we provide a systematic comparison of geological and biogenic calcite (mollusk shell Atrina rigida prisms and Placuna placenta laths) through nanoindentation under both dry and 90% relative humidity conditions. Berkovich nanoindentation is used to reveal the mechanical anisotropy of geological calcite when loaded on different crystallographic planes, i.e., reduced modulus Er{104} ≥ Er{108} > Er{001} and hardness H{001} ≥ H{104} ≥ H{108}, and biogenic calcite has comparable modulus but increased hardness than geological calcite. Based on conical nanoindentation, we elucidate that plastic deformation is activated in geological calcite at the low-load regime (<20 mN), involving r{104} and f{012} dislocation slips as well as e{018} twinning, while cleavage fracture dominates under higher loads by cracking along {104} planes. In comparison, biogenic calcite tends to undergo fracture, while the intercrystalline organic interfaces contribute to damage confinement. In addition, increased humidity does not show a significant influence on the properties of geological calcite and the single-crystal A. rigida prisms, however, the laminate composite of P. placenta laths (layer thickness, ∼250-300 nm) exhibits increased toughness and decreased hardness and modulus. We believe the results of this study can provide a benchmark for future investigations on biominerals and bio-inspired materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Liuni Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24060, USA.
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7
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Prudnikov E, Polishchuk I, Sand A, Hamad HA, Massad-Ivanir N, Segal E, Pokroy B. Self-assembled fatty acid crystalline coatings display superhydrophobic antimicrobial properties. Mater Today Bio 2022; 18:100516. [PMID: 36569590 PMCID: PMC9771733 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Superhydrophobicity is a well-known wetting phenomenon found in numerous plants and insects. It is achieved by the combination of the surface's chemical properties and its surface roughness. Inspired by nature, numerous synthetic superhydrophobic surfaces have been developed for various applications. Designated surface coating is one of the fabrication routes to achieve the superhydrophobicity. Yet, many of these coatings, such as fluorine-based formulations, may pose severe health and environmental risks, limiting their applicability. Herein, we present a new family of superhydrophobic coatings comprised of natural saturated fatty acids, which are not only a part of our daily diet, but can be produced from renewable feedstock, providing a safe and sustainable alternative to the existing state-of-the-art. These crystalline coatings are readily fabricated via single-step deposition routes, namely thermal deposition or spray-coating. The fatty acids self-assemble into highly hierarchical crystalline structures exhibiting a water contact angle of ∼165° and contact angle hysteresis lower than 6°, while their properties and morphology depend on the specific fatty acid used as well as on the deposition technique. Moreover, the fatty acid coatings demonstrate excellent thermal stability. Importantly, this new family of coatings displays excellent anti-biofouling and antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua, used as relevant model Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively. These multifunctional coatings hold immense potential for application in numerous fields, ranging from food safety to biomedicine, offering sustainable and safe solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Prudnikov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Andy Sand
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Hanan Abu Hamad
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Naama Massad-Ivanir
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel
| | - Ester Segal
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel,Corresponding author.
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003 Haifa, Israel,Corresponding author.
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8
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Mao LB, Meng YF, Meng XS, Yang B, Yang YL, Lu YJ, Yang ZY, Shang LM, Yu SH. Matrix-Directed Mineralization for Bulk Structural Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18175-18194. [PMID: 36162119 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mineral-based bulk structural materials (MBSMs) are known for their long history and extensive range of usage. The inherent brittleness of minerals poses a major problem to the performance of MBSMs. To overcome this problem, design principles have been extracted from natural biominerals, in which the extraordinary mechanical performance is achieved via the hierarchical organization of minerals and organics. Nevertheless, precise and efficient fabrication of MBSMs with bioinspired hierarchical structures under mild conditions has long been a big challenge. This Perspective provides a panoramic view of an emerging fabrication strategy, matrix-directed mineralization, which imitates the in vivo growth of some biominerals. The advantages of the strategy are revealed by comparatively analyzing the conventional fabrication techniques of artificial hierarchically structured MBSMs and the biomineral growth processes. By introducing recent advances, we demonstrate that this strategy can be used to fabricate artificial MBSMs with hierarchical structures. Particular attention is paid to the mass transport and the precursors that are involved in the mineralization process. We hope this Perspective can provide some inspiring viewpoints on the importance of biomimetic mineralization in material fabrication and thereby spur the biomimetic fabrication of high-performance MBSMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Mao
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Feng Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang-Sen Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lu
- Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Li-Mei Shang
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale; Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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9
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Schoeppler V, Cook PK, Detlefs C, Demichelis R, Zlotnikov I. Untangling the Mechanisms of Lattice Distortions in Biogenic Crystals across Scales. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200690. [PMID: 35460121 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralized structures are complex functional hierarchical assemblies composed of biomineral building blocks joined together by an organic phase. The formation of individual mineral units is governed by the cellular tissue component that orchestrates the process of biomineral nucleation, growth, and morphogenesis. These processes are imprinted in the structural, compositional, and crystallographic properties of the emerging biominerals on all scales. Measurement of these properties can provide crucial information on the mechanisms that are employed by the organism to form these complex 3D architectures and to unravel principles of their functionality. Nevertheless, so far, this has only been possible at the macroscopic scale, by averaging the properties of the entire composite assembly, or at the mesoscale, by looking at extremely small parts of the entire picture. In this study, the newly developed synchrotron-based dark-field X-ray microscopy method is employed to study the link between 3D crystallographic properties of relatively large calcitic prisms in the shell of the mollusc Pinna nobilis and their local lattice properties with extremely high angular resolution down to 0.001°. Mechanistic links between variations in local lattice parameters and spacing, crystal orientation, chemical composition, and the deposition process of the entire mineral unit are unraveled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Schoeppler
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Phil K Cook
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | | | - Raffaella Demichelis
- Curtin Institute for Computation, The Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- B CUBE - Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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10
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Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal Calcite and Their Temperature and Strain-Rate Effects. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15134613. [PMID: 35806738 PMCID: PMC9267817 DOI: 10.3390/ma15134613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Calcite is the most stable crystalline phase of calcium carbonate. It is applied or found in composite products, the food industry, biomineralization, archaeology, and geology, and its mechanical properties have attracted more and more attention. In this paper, the mechanical behaviors of single-crystal calcite under uniaxial tension in different directions were simulated with the molecular dynamics method. The obtained elastic moduli are in good agreement with the experimental results. It has been found from further research that single-crystal calcite has typical quasi-brittle failure characteristics, and its elastic modulus, fracture strength, and fracture strain are all strongly anisotropic. The tensile failure is caused by dislocation emission, void formation, and phase transition along the [010] and [421] directions, but by continuous dislocation glide and multiplication along the [421¯] direction. The fracture strength, fracture strain, and elastic modulus are all sensitive to temperature, but only elastic modulus is not sensitive to strain rate. The effects of temperature and logarithmic strain rate on fracture strength are in good agreement with the predictions of fracture dynamics.
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11
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Joudeh N, Linke D. Nanoparticle classification, physicochemical properties, characterization, and applications: a comprehensive review for biologists. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:262. [PMID: 35672712 PMCID: PMC9171489 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01477-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in nanomaterials and especially nanoparticles has exploded in the past decades primarily due to their novel or enhanced physical and chemical properties compared to bulk material. These extraordinary properties have created a multitude of innovative applications in the fields of medicine and pharma, electronics, agriculture, chemical catalysis, food industry, and many others. More recently, nanoparticles are also being synthesized ‘biologically’ through the use of plant- or microorganism-mediated processes, as an environmentally friendly alternative to the expensive, energy-intensive, and potentially toxic physical and chemical synthesis methods. This transdisciplinary approach to nanoparticle synthesis requires that biologists and biotechnologists understand and learn to use the complex methodology needed to properly characterize these processes. This review targets a bio-oriented audience and summarizes the physico–chemical properties of nanoparticles, and methods used for their characterization. It highlights why nanomaterials are different compared to micro- or bulk materials. We try to provide a comprehensive overview of the different classes of nanoparticles and their novel or enhanced physicochemical properties including mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. A comprehensive list of the common methods and techniques used for the characterization and analysis of these properties is presented together with a large list of examples for biogenic nanoparticles that have been previously synthesized and characterized, including their application in the fields of medicine, electronics, agriculture, and food production. We hope that this makes the many different methods more accessible to the readers, and to help with identifying the proper methodology for any given nanoscience problem.
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12
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Jia Z, Deng Z, Li L. Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: 3D Architecture. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106259. [PMID: 35085421 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralized materials are sophisticated material systems with hierarchical 3D material architectures, which are broadly used as model systems for fundamental mechanical, materials science, and biomimetic studies. The current knowledge of the structure of biological materials is mainly based on 2D imaging, which often impedes comprehensive and accurate understanding of the materials' intricate 3D microstructure and consequently their mechanics, functions, and bioinspired designs. The development of 3D techniques such as tomography, additive manufacturing, and 4D testing has opened pathways to study biological materials fully in 3D. This review discusses how applying 3D techniques can provide new insights into biomineralized materials that are either well known or possess complex microstructures that are challenging to understand in the 2D framework. The diverse structures of biomineralized materials are characterized based on four universal structural motifs. Nacre is selected as an example to demonstrate how the progression of knowledge from 2D to 3D can bring substantial improvements to understanding the growth mechanism, biomechanics, and bioinspired designs. State-of-the-art multiscale 3D tomographic techniques are discussed with a focus on their integration with 3D geometric quantification, 4D in situ experiments, and multiscale modeling. Outlook is given on the emerging approaches to investigate the synthesis-structure-function-biomimetics relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zian Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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13
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Deng Z, Jia Z, Li L. Biomineralized Materials as Model Systems for Structural Composites: Intracrystalline Structural Features and Their Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103524. [PMID: 35315243 PMCID: PMC9108615 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralized composites, which are usually composed of microscopic mineral building blocks organized in 3D intercrystalline organic matrices, have evolved unique structural designs to fulfill mechanical and other biological functionalities. While it has been well recognized that the intricate architectural designs of biomineralized composites contribute to their remarkable mechanical performance, the structural features within and corresponding mechanical properties of individual mineral building blocks are often less appreciated in the context of bio-inspired structural composites. The mineral building blocks in biomineralized composites exhibit a variety of salient intracrystalline structural features, such as, organic inclusions, inorganic impurities (or trace elements), crystalline features (e.g., amorphous phases, single crystals, splitting crystals, polycrystals, and nanograins), residual stress/strain, and twinning, which significantly modify the mechanical properties of biogenic minerals. In this review, recent progress in elucidating the intracrystalline structural features of three most common biomineral systems (calcite, aragonite, and hydroxyapatite) and their corresponding mechanical significance are discussed. Future research directions and corresponding challenges are proposed and discussed, such as the advanced structural characterizations and formation mechanisms of intracrystalline structures in biominerals, amorphous biominerals, and bio-inspired synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State UniversityBlacksburgVA24060USA
| | - Zian Jia
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State UniversityBlacksburgVA24060USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringVirginia Polytechnic Institute of Technology and State UniversityBlacksburgVA24060USA
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14
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High-Mg calcite nanoparticles within a low-Mg calcite matrix: A widespread phenomenon in biomineralization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120177119. [PMID: 35412906 PMCID: PMC9169743 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120177119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biominerals are extraordinarily intricate and possess superior mechanical properties compared with their synthetic counterparts. In this study, we show that the presence of high-Mg calcite nanoparticles within a low-Mg calcite matrix is a widespread phenomenon among marine organisms whose skeletons are composed of high-Mg calcite. It seems most likely that formation of such a complex structure is possible because of the phase separation that occurs as a result of spinodal decomposition of an amorphous Mg–calcium carbonate precursor and is followed by crystallization. We demonstrate that the basis of such phase separation stems from chemical composition rather than from biological similarities. The presence of high-Mg calcite nanoparticles increases the skeletons’ toughness and hardness. During the process of biomineralization, organisms utilize various biostrategies to enhance the mechanical durability of their skeletons. In this work, we establish that the presence of high-Mg nanoparticles embedded within lower-Mg calcite matrices is a widespread strategy utilized by various organisms from different kingdoms and phyla to improve the mechanical properties of their high-Mg calcite skeletons. We show that such phase separation and the formation of high-Mg nanoparticles are most probably achieved through spinodal decomposition of an amorphous Mg-calcite precursor. Such decomposition is independent of the biological characteristics of the studied organisms belonging to different phyla and even kingdoms but rather, originates from their similar chemical composition and a specific Mg content within their skeletons, which generally ranges from 14 to 48 mol % of Mg. We show evidence of high-Mg calcite nanoparticles in the cases of six biologically different organisms all demonstrating more than 14 mol % Mg-calcite and consider it likely that this phenomenon is immeasurably more prevalent in nature. We also establish the absence of these high-Mg nanoparticles in organisms whose Mg content is lower than 14 mol %, providing further evidence that whether or not spinodal decomposition of an amorphous Mg-calcite precursor takes place is determined by the amount of Mg it contains. The valuable knowledge gained from this biostrategy significantly impacts the understanding of how biominerals, although composed of intrinsically brittle materials, can effectively resist fracture. Moreover, our theoretical calculations clearly suggest that formation of Mg-rich nanoprecipitates greatly enhances the hardness of the biomineralized tissue as well.
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15
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Ping H, Wagermaier W, Horbelt N, Scoppola E, Li C, Werner P, Fu Z, Fratzl P. Mineralization generates megapascal contractile stresses in collagen fibrils. Science 2022; 376:188-192. [PMID: 35389802 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
During bone formation, collagen fibrils mineralize with carbonated hydroxyapatite, leading to a hybrid material with excellent properties. Other minerals are also known to nucleate within collagen in vitro. For a series of strontium- and calcium-based minerals, we observed that their precipitation leads to a contraction of collagen fibrils, reaching stresses as large as several megapascals. The magnitude of the stress depends on the type and amount of mineral. Using in-operando synchrotron x-ray scattering, we analyzed the kinetics of mineral deposition. Whereas no contraction occurs when the mineral deposits outside fibrils only, intrafibrillar mineralization generates fibril contraction. This chemomechanical effect occurs with collagen fully immersed in water and generates a mineral-collagen composite with tensile fibers, reminiscent of the principle of reinforced concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan 430070, China.,Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nils Horbelt
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ernesto Scoppola
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Chenghao Li
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Werner
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road No. 122, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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16
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Marzec B, Walker J, Jhons Y, Meldrum FC, Shaver M, Nudelman F. Micron-sized biogenic and synthetic hollow mineral spheres occlude additives within single crystals. Faraday Discuss 2022; 235:536-550. [PMID: 35388821 PMCID: PMC9281370 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00095k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Incorporating additives within host single crystals is an effective strategy for producing composite materials with tunable mechanical, magnetic and optical properties. The type of guest materials that can be occluded can be limited, however, as incorporation is a complex process depending on many factors including binding of the additive to the crystal surface, the rate of crystal growth and the stability of the additives in the crystallisation solution. In particular, the size of occluded guests has been restricted to a few angstroms – as for single molecules – to a few hundred nanometers – as for polymer vesicles and particles. Here, we present a synthetic approach for occluding micrometer-scale objects, including high-complexity unicellular organisms and synthetic hollow calcite spheres within calcite single crystals. Both of these objects can transport functional additives, including organic molecules and nanoparticles that would not otherwise occlude within calcite. Therefore, this method constitutes a generic approach using calcite as a delivery system for active compounds, while providing them with effective protection against environmental factors that could cause degradation. Occlusion of micron-sized algae cells and calcitic hollow spheres within calcite single crystals, mediated by the positively charged polymer poly(allylamine hydrochloride). Both objects are used to transport functional additives to the host lattice.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Marzec
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK. .,JEOL UK Ltd, 1-2 Silver Court, Watchmead, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1LT, UK
| | - Jessica Walker
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK. .,Beamline I14, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Yasmeen Jhons
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael Shaver
- Department of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Fabio Nudelman
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, The King's Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, UK.
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17
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Duboisset J, Ferrand P, Baroni A, Grünewald TA, Dicko H, Grauby O, Vidal-Dupiol J, Saulnier D, Gilles LM, Rosenthal M, Burghammer M, Nouet J, Chevallard C, Baronnet A, Chamard V. Amorphous-to-crystal transition in the layer-by-layer growth of bivalve shell prisms. Acta Biomater 2022; 142:194-207. [PMID: 35041900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization integrates complex physical and chemical processes bio-controlled by the living organisms through ionic concentration regulation and organic molecules production. It allows tuning the structural, optical and mechanical properties of hard tissues during ambient-condition crystallisation, motivating a deeper understanding of the underlying processes. By combining state-of-the-art optical and X-ray microscopy methods, we investigated early-mineralized calcareous units from two bivalve species, Pinctada margaritifera and Pinna nobilis, revealing chemical and crystallographic structural insights. In these calcite units, we observed ring-like structural features correlated with a lack of calcite and an increase of amorphous calcium carbonate and proteins contents. The rings also correspond to a larger crystalline disorder and a larger strain level. Based on these observations, we propose a temporal biomineralization cycle, initiated by the production of an amorphous precursor layer, which further crystallizes with a transition front progressing radially from the unit centre, while the organics are expelled towards the prism edge. Simultaneously, along the shell thickness, the growth occurs following a layer-by-layer mode. These findings open biomimetic perspectives for the design of refined crystalline materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Calcareous biominerals are amongst the most present forms of biominerals. They exhibit astonishing structural, optical and mechanical properties while being formed at ambient synthesis conditions from ubiquitous ions, motivating the deep understanding of biomineralization. Here, we unveil the first formation steps involved in the biomineralization cycle of prismatic units of two bivalve species by applying a new multi-modal non-destructive characterization approach, sensitive to chemical and crystalline properties. The observations of structural features in mineralized units of different ages allowed the derivation of a temporal sequence for prism biomineralization, involving an amorphous precursor, a radial crystallisation front and a layer-by-layer sequence. Beyond these chemical and physical findings, the herein introduced multi-modal approach is highly relevant to other biominerals and bio-inspired studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Duboisset
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Ferrand
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Arthur Baroni
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Tilman A Grünewald
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Hamadou Dicko
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Grauby
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Campus Luminy, Case 913, 13288-Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Jeremie Vidal-Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Montpellier France
| | - Denis Saulnier
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Environnement Insulaire Océanien (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 49, Vairao 98719, French Polynesia
| | - Le Moullac Gilles
- Ifremer, UMR 241 Environnement Insulaire Océanien (EIO), Labex Corail, Centre du Pacifique, BP 49, Vairao 98719, French Polynesia
| | - Martin Rosenthal
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F-38043 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | | | - Julius Nouet
- GEOPS, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Corinne Chevallard
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Alain Baronnet
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM, Campus Luminy, Case 913, 13288-Marseille cedex 9, France
| | - Virginie Chamard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France.
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18
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Gilbert PUPA, Bergmann KD, Boekelheide N, Tambutté S, Mass T, Marin F, Adkins JF, Erez J, Gilbert B, Knutson V, Cantine M, Hernández JO, Knoll AH. Biomineralization: Integrating mechanism and evolutionary history. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl9653. [PMID: 35263127 PMCID: PMC8906573 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the history of life and the global carbon cycle during the past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification and mass extinctions reflect physiological responses to environmental changes through time. An integrated understanding of carbonate biomineralization is necessary to illuminate this evolutionary record and to understand how modern organisms will respond to 21st century global change. Biomineralization evolved independently but convergently across phyla, suggesting a unity of mechanism that transcends biological differences. In this review, we combine CaCO3 skeleton formation mechanisms with constraints from evolutionary history, omics, and a meta-analysis of isotopic data to develop a plausible model for CaCO3 biomineralization applicable to all phyla. The model provides a framework for understanding the environmental sensitivity of marine calcifiers, past mass extinctions, and resilience in 21st century acidifying oceans. Thus, it frames questions about the past, present, and future of CaCO3 biomineralizing organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pupa U. P. A. Gilbert
- Departments of Physics, Chemistry, Geoscience, and Materials Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Corresponding author. (P.U.P.A.G.); (A.H.K.)
| | - Kristin D. Bergmann
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nicholas Boekelheide
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sylvie Tambutté
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Department of Marine Biology, 98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Tali Mass
- University of Haifa, Marine Biology Department, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
| | - Frédéric Marin
- Université de Bourgogne–Franche-Comté (UBFC), Laboratoire Biogéosciences, UMR CNRS 6282, Bâtiment des Sciences Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jess F. Adkins
- Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, MS 100-23, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jonathan Erez
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Institute of Earth Sciences, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Benjamin Gilbert
- Energy Geoscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vanessa Knutson
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Marjorie Cantine
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Javier Ortega Hernández
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew H. Knoll
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Corresponding author. (P.U.P.A.G.); (A.H.K.)
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19
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Meng YF, Zhu YB, Zhou LC, Meng XS, Yang YL, Zhao R, Xia J, Yang B, Lu YJ, Wu HA, Mao LB, Yu SH. Artificial Nacre with High Toughness Amplification Factor: Residual Stress-Engineering Sparks Enhanced Extrinsic Toughening Mechanisms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108267. [PMID: 34957604 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high fracture toughness of mollusk nacre is predominantly attributed to the structure-associated extrinsic mechanisms such as platelet sliding and crack deflection. While the nacre-mimetic structures are widely adopted in artificial ceramics, the extrinsic mechanisms are often weakened by the relatively low tensile strength of the platelets with a large aspect ratio, which makes the fracture toughness of these materials much lower than expected. Here, it is demonstrated that the fracture toughness of artificial nacre materials with high inorganic contents can be improved by residual stress-induced platelet strengthening, which can catalyze more effective extrinsic toughening mechanisms that are specific to the nacre-mimetic structures. Thereby, while the absolute fracture toughness of the materials is not comparable with advanced ceramic-based composites, the toughness amplification factor of the material reaches 16.1 ± 1.1, outperforming the state-of-the-art biomimetic ceramics. The results reveal that, with the merit of nacre-mimetic structural designs, the overall fracture toughness of the artificial nacre can be improved by the platelet strengthening through extrinsic toughening mechanisms, although the intrinsic fracture toughness may decrease at platelet level due to the strengthening. It is anticipated that advanced structural ceramics with exceeding performance can be fabricated through these unconventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yin-Bo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Li-Chuan Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Sen Meng
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu-Lu Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jun Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yu-Jie Lu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Heng-An Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Li-Bo Mao
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biomimetic Materials and Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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20
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Wu K, Song Y, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zheng Z, Gong X, He L, Yao H, Ni Y. A Prestressing Strategy Enabled Synergistic Energy-Dissipation in Impact-Resistant Nacre-Like Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104867. [PMID: 35023329 PMCID: PMC8867135 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of prestresses is a valuable strategy for enhancing the overall mechanical performances of structural materials. Residual stresses, acting as prestresses, exist naturally in biological structural materials, such as the nacre with the 3D "brick-and-mortar" arrangement. Although regulation of the tablets sliding has recently been demonstrated to be vital to improve toughness in synthetic nacre-like structures, the effects of prestresses on the tablets-sliding mechanism in these nacre-like structures remain unclear. Here, by a combination of simulation, additive manufacturing, and drop tower testing the authors reveal that, at a critical prestress, synergistic effects between the prestress-enhanced tablets sliding and prestress-weakened structural integrality result in optimized impact resistance of nacre-like structures. Furthermore, the prestressing strategy is easily implemented to a designed nacre-inspired separator to enhance the impact resistance of lithium batteries. The findings demonstrate that the prestressing strategy combined with bioinspired architectures can be exploited for enhancing the impact resistance of engineering structural materials and energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Yonghui Song
- Division of Nanomaterials and ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryInstitute of Biomimetic Materials & ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Zhijun Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Xinglong Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Linghui He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Hong‐Bin Yao
- Division of Nanomaterials and ChemistryHefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleDepartment of ChemistryInstitute of Biomimetic Materials & ChemistryUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
| | - Yong Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of MaterialsDepartment of Modern MechanicsCAS Center for Excellence in Complex System MechanicsUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiAnhui230026China
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21
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Intracellular nanoscale architecture as a master regulator of calcium carbonate crystallization in marine microalgae. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2025670118. [PMID: 34772804 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2025670118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unicellular marine microalgae are responsible for one of the largest carbon sinks on Earth. This is in part due to intracellular formation of calcium carbonate scales termed coccoliths. Traditionally, the influence of changing environmental conditions on this process has been estimated using poorly constrained analogies to crystallization mechanisms in bulk solution, yielding ambiguous predictions. Here, we elucidated the intracellular nanoscale environment of coccolith formation in the model species Pleurochrysis carterae using cryoelectron tomography. By visualizing cells at various stages of the crystallization process, we reconstructed a timeline of coccolith development. The three-dimensional data portray the native-state structural details of coccolith formation, uncovering the crystallization mechanism, and how it is spatially and temporally controlled. Most strikingly, the developing crystals are only tens of nanometers away from delimiting membranes, resulting in a highly confined volume for crystal growth. We calculate that the number of soluble ions that can be found in such a minute volume at any given time point is less than the number needed to allow the growth of a single atomic layer of the crystal and that the uptake of single protons can markedly affect nominal pH values. In such extreme confinement, the crystallization process is expected to depend primarily on the regulation of ion fluxes by the living cell, and nominal ion concentrations, such as pH, become the result, rather than a driver, of the crystallization process. These findings call for a new perspective on coccolith formation that does not rely exclusively on solution chemistry.
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Bianco-Stein N, Polishchuk I, Lang A, Atiya G, Villanova J, Zaslansky P, Katsman A, Pokroy B. Structural and chemical variations in Mg-calcite skeletal segments of coralline red algae lead to improved crack resistance. Acta Biomater 2021; 130:362-373. [PMID: 34087436 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The calcareous alga Jania sp. is an articulated coralline red seaweed that is abundant in the shallow waters of oceans worldwide. We have previously demonstrated that its structure is highly intricate and exhibits hierarchical organization across multiple length scales from the macro to the nano scale. Moreover, we have proven that the inner pores of its structure are helical, conveying the alga greater compliance as compared to a cylindrical configuration. Herein, we reveal new insights into the structure of Jania sp., particularly, its crystallographic variations and the internal elemental distribution of Mg and Ca. We show that the high-Mg calcite cell wall nanocrystals of Jania sp. are arranged in layers with alternating Mg contents. Moreover, we show that this non-homogenous elemental distribution assists the alga in preventing fracture caused by crack propagation. We further reveal that each one of the cell wall nanocrystals in Jania sp. is not a single crystal as was previously thought, but rather comprises Mg-rich calcite nanoparticles demonstrating various crystallographic orientations, arranged periodically within the layered structure. We also show that these Mg-rich nanoparticles are present in yet another species of the coralline red algae, Corallina sp., pointing to the generality of this phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge this is a first report on the existence of Mg-rich nanoparticles in algal mineralized tissue. We envisage that our findings on the bio-strategy found in the algae to enhance their fracture toughness will have an impact on the design of structures with superior mechanical properties. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the structure-property relation in biomineralized tissues is of great importance in unveiling Nature's material design strategies, which form the basis for the development of novel structural materials. Crystallographic and elemental variations in the skeletal parts of the coralline red algae and their cumulative contribution to prevention of mechanical failure are yet poorly studied. Herein, we reveal that the high-Mg calcite cell wall nanocrystals of Jania sp. are arranged in layers with alternating Mg concentrations and that this organization facilitates crack deflection, thereby preventing catastrophic fracture. We further discovered that the nanocrystals contain incoherent Mg-rich nanoparticles and suggest that they form via spinodal decomposition of the Mg-ACC precursor and self-arrange periodically throughout the alga's mineralized cell wall, a phenomenon most likely to be widespread in high-Mg calcite biomineralization.
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Structural evidence for extracellular silica formation by diatoms. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4639. [PMID: 34330922 PMCID: PMC8324917 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The silica cell wall of diatoms, a widespread group of unicellular microalgae, is an exquisite example for the ability of organisms to finely sculpt minerals under strict biological control. The prevailing paradigm for diatom silicification is that this is invariably an intracellular process, occurring inside specialized silica deposition vesicles that are responsible for silica precipitation and morphogenesis. Here, we study the formation of long silicified extensions that characterize many diatom species. We use cryo-electron tomography to image silica formation in situ, in 3D, and at a nanometer-scale resolution. Remarkably, our data suggest that, contradictory to the ruling paradigm, these intricate structures form outside the cytoplasm. In addition, the formation of these silica extensions is halted at low silicon concentrations that still support the formation of other cell wall elements, further alluding to a different silicification mechanism. The identification of this unconventional strategy expands the suite of mechanisms that diatoms use for silicification.
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Ehrlich H, Bailey E, Wysokowski M, Jesionowski T. Forced Biomineralization: A Review. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:46. [PMID: 34287234 PMCID: PMC8293141 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically induced and controlled mineralization of metals promotes the development of protective structures to shield cells from thermal, chemical, and ultraviolet stresses. Metal biomineralization is widely considered to have been relevant for the survival of life in the environmental conditions of ancient terrestrial oceans. Similar behavior is seen among extremophilic biomineralizers today, which have evolved to inhabit a variety of industrial aqueous environments with elevated metal concentrations. As an example of extreme biomineralization, we introduce the category of "forced biomineralization", which we use to refer to the biologically mediated sequestration of dissolved metals and metalloids into minerals. We discuss forced mineralization as it is known to be carried out by a variety of organisms, including polyextremophiles in a range of psychrophilic, thermophilic, anaerobic, alkaliphilic, acidophilic, and halophilic conditions, as well as in environments with very high or toxic metal ion concentrations. While much additional work lies ahead to characterize the various pathways by which these biominerals form, forced biomineralization has been shown to provide insights for the progression of extreme biomimetics, allowing for promising new forays into creating the next generation of composites using organic-templating approaches under biologically extreme laboratory conditions relevant to a wide range of industrial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
- Centre for Climate Change Research, Toronto, ON M4P 1J4, Canada
- ICUBE-University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Bailey
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;
| | - Marcin Wysokowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Ihli J, Bloch L, Boecklein S, Rzepka P, Burghammer M, Cesar da Silva J, Mestl G, Anton van Bokhoven J. Evolution of Heterogeneity in Industrial Selective Oxidation Catalyst Pellets. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Bloch
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Przemyslaw Rzepka
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Julio Cesar da Silva
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Gerhard Mestl
- Clariant AG, Waldheimer Str. 13, Bruckmühl 83052, Germany
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
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26
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Shaked H, Polishchuk I, Nagel A, Bekenstein Y, Pokroy B. Long-term stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate-an ink for bio-inspired 3D printing. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100120. [PMID: 34337378 PMCID: PMC8318986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biominerals formed by organisms in the course of biomineralization often demonstrate complex morphologies despite their single-crystalline nature. This is achieved owing to the crystallization via a predeposited amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) phase, a precursor that is particularly widespread in biominerals. Inspired by this natural strategy, we used robocasting, an additive manufacturing three-dimensional (3D) printing technique, for printing 3D objects from novel long-term, Mg-stabilized ACC pastes with high solids loading. We demonstrated, for the first time, that the ACC remains stable for at least a couple of months, even after printing. Crystallization, if desired, occurs only after the 3D object is already formed and at temperatures significantly lower than those of common postprinting sintering. We also examined the effects different organic binders have on the crystallization, the morphology, and the final amount of incorporated Mg. This novel bio-inspired method may pave the way for a new bio-inspired route to low-temperature 3D printing of ceramic materials for a multitude of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Shaked
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - I. Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - A. Nagel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Y. Bekenstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - B. Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 32000, Israel
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27
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Unseeded, spontaneous nucleation of spherulitic magnesium calcite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 593:359-369. [PMID: 33744544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Most of the sedimentary carbonates deposited in the marine environments are composed of calcium carbonate minerals with varying amounts of incorporated Mg2+. However, understanding how interactions of impurities with carbonate and their incorporation affect sediments behavior remains a challenge. Here, a new insight is obtained by monitoring solution composition, morphology, and electrokinetic potential of carbonate particles formed in a spontaneous unseeded batch precipitation experiment using electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy methods. The solid composition and growth rate are extracted from changes in the bulk composition and fitted to chemical affinity rate law, revealing that the precipitation pathway consists of second-order dissolution and first-order precipitation. The molecular dynamics simulations show that the lattice strain induced by randomly substituting Ca2+ by Mg2+ stabilizes spherical nanoparticles and reduces their surface area and volume. Combining kinetics and thermodynamics insight, we conclude that variation in the carbonate bulk and interfacial energies, along with the solution supersaturation, lead to the dissolution-precipitation transformation pathway from Mg-rich to Mg-poor carbonate phase that preserves spherulitic morphology. Our findings are relevant for long-standing questions of how impurities influence diagenesis of carbonate sediments and spherulitic carbonate particles' origin.
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28
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Palin D, Style RW, Zlopaša J, Petrozzini JJ, Pfeifer MA, Jonkers HM, Dufresne ER, Estroff LA. Forming Anisotropic Crystal Composites: Assessing the Mechanical Translation of Gel Network Anisotropy to Calcite Crystal Form. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3439-3447. [PMID: 33647198 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The promise of crystal composites with direction-specific properties is an attractive prospect for diverse applications; however, synthetic strategies for realizing such composites remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that anisotropic agarose gel networks can mechanically "mold" calcite crystal growth, yielding anisotropically structured, single-crystal composites. Drying and rehydration of agarose gel films result in the affine deformation of their fibrous networks to yield fiber alignment parallel to the drying plane. Precipitation of calcium carbonate within these anisotropic networks results in the formation of calcite crystal composite disks oriented parallel to the fibers. The morphology of the disks, revealed by nanocomputed tomography imaging, evolves with time and can be described by linear-elastic fracture mechanics theory, which depends on the ratio between the length of the crystal and the elastoadhesive length of the gel. Precipitation of calcite in uniaxially deformed agarose gel cylinders results in the formation of rice-grain-shaped crystals, suggesting the broad applicability of the approach. These results demonstrate how the anisotropy of compliant networks can translate into the desired crystal composite morphologies. This work highlights the important role organic matrices can play in mechanically "molding" biominerals and provides an exciting platform for fabricating crystal composites with direction-specific and emergent functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Palin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Materials & Environment section, Department 3MD Faculty of Civil and Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Robert W Style
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jure Zlopaša
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jonathan J Petrozzini
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mark A Pfeifer
- Cornell Center for Materials Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Henk M Jonkers
- Materials & Environment section, Department 3MD Faculty of Civil and Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology 2628 CN, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eric R Dufresne
- Laboratory of Soft and Living Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Vidavsky N, Kunitake JAMR, Estroff LA. Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001271. [PMID: 33274854 PMCID: PMC8724004 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral-organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate-based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In-depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state-of-the-art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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Abstract
Biominerals such as seashells, coral skeletons, bone, and tooth enamel are optically anisotropic crystalline materials with unique nanoscale and microscale organization that translates into exceptional macroscopic mechanical properties, providing inspiration for engineering new and superior biomimetic structures. Using Seriatopora aculeata coral skeleton as a model, here, we experimentally demonstrate X-ray linear dichroic ptychography and map the c-axis orientations of the aragonite (CaCO3) crystals. Linear dichroic phase imaging at the oxygen K-edge energy shows strong polarization-dependent contrast and reveals the presence of both narrow (<35°) and wide (>35°) c-axis angular spread in the coral samples. These X-ray ptychography results are corroborated by four-dimensional (4D) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) on the same samples. Evidence of co-oriented, but disconnected, corallite subdomains indicates jagged crystal boundaries consistent with formation by amorphous nanoparticle attachment. We expect that the combination of X-ray linear dichroic ptychography and 4D STEM could be an important multimodal tool to study nano-crystallites, interfaces, nucleation, and mineral growth of optically anisotropic materials at multiple length scales.
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Molecular and skeletal fingerprints of scleractinian coral biomineralization: From the sea surface to mesophotic depths. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:263-276. [PMID: 31954936 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reef-building corals, the major producers of biogenic calcium carbonate, form skeletons in a plethora of morphological forms. Here we studied skeletal modifications of Stylophora pistillata (clade 4) colonies that adapt to increasing depths with decreasing ambient light. The coral show characteristic transitions from spherical morphologies (shallow depths, 5 m deep) to flat and branching geometries (mesophotic depths, 60 m deep). Such changes are typically ascribed to the algal photosymbiont physiological feedback with the coral that host them. We find specific fine-scale skeletal variability in accretion of structure at shallow- and mesophotic depth morphotypes that suggest underlying genomic regulation of biomineralization pathways of the coral host. To explain this, we conducted comparative morphology-based analyses, including optical and electron microscopy, tomography and X-ray diffraction analysis coupled with a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of S. pistillata. The samples originated from Gulf of Eilat in the Red Sea collected along a depth gradient from shallow to mesophotic depths (5 to 60 m). Additional samples were experimentally transplanted from 5 m to 60 m and from 60 m to 5 m. Interestingly, both morphologically and functionally, transplanted corals partly adapt by exhibiting typical depth-specific properties. In mesophotic depths, we find that the organic matrix fraction is enriched in the coralla, well matching the overrepresentation of transcripts encoding biomineralization "tool-kit" structural extracellularproteins that was observed. These results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of calcification and skeletal adaptation that repeatedly allowed this coral group to adapt to a range of environments presumably with a rich geological past. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the reef coral physiological plasticity under a rapidly changing climate is of crucial importance for the protection of coral reef ecosystems. Most of the reef corals operate near their upper limit of heat tolerance. A possible rescue for some coral species is migration to deeper, cooler mesophotic depths. However, gradually changing environmental parameters (especially light) along the depth gradient pose new adaptative stress on corals with largely unknown influences on the various biological molecular pathways. This work provides a first comprehensive analysis of changes in gene expression, including biomineralization "tool kit" genes, and reports the fine-scale microstructural and crystallographic skeletal details in S. pistillata collected in the Red Sea along a depth gradient spannign 5 to 60 m.
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Lang A, Mijowska S, Polishchuk I, Fermani S, Falini G, Katsman A, Marin F, Pokroy B. Acidic Monosaccharides become Incorporated into Calcite Single Crystals*. Chemistry 2020; 26:16860-16868. [PMID: 33405235 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, along with proteins and peptides, are known to represent a major class of biomacromolecules involved in calcium carbonate biomineralization. However, in spite of multiple physical and biochemical characterizations, the explicit role of saccharide macromolecules (long chains of carbohydrate molecules) in mineral deposition is not yet understood. In this study, we investigated the influence of two common acidic monosaccharides (MSs), the two simplest forms of acidic carbohydrates, namely glucuronic and galacturonic acids, on the formation of calcite crystals in vitro. We show here that the size, morphology, and microstructure of calcite crystals are altered when they are grown in the presence of these MSs. More importantly, these MSs were found to become incorporated into the calcite crystalline lattice and induce anisotropic lattice distortions, a phenomenon widely studied for other biomolecules related to CaCO3 biomineralization, but never before reported in the case of single MSs. Changes in the calcite lattice induced by MSs incorporation were precisely determined by high-resolution synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. We believe that the results of this research may deepen our understanding of the interaction of saccharide polymers with an inorganic host and shed light on the implications of carbohydrates for biomineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arad Lang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sylwia Mijowska
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Simona Fermani
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bologna, 2 Via Selmi, 40126, Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bologna, 2 Via Selmi, 40126, Bologna BO, Italy
| | - Alexander Katsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Frédéric Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, 21000, France
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of, Technology, Technion City, 320003, Haifa, Israel
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Abstract
Although calcareous anatomical structures have evolved in diverse animal groups, such structures have been unknown in insects. Here, we report the discovery of high-magnesium calcite [CaMg(CO3)2] armor overlaying the exoskeletons of major workers of the leaf-cutter ant Acromyrmex echinatior. Live-rearing and in vitro synthesis experiments indicate that the biomineral layer accumulates rapidly as ant workers mature, that the layer is continuously distributed, covering nearly the entire integument, and that the ant epicuticle catalyzes biomineral nucleation and growth. In situ nanoindentation demonstrates that the biomineral layer significantly hardens the exoskeleton. Increased survival of ant workers with biomineralized exoskeletons during aggressive encounters with other ants and reduced infection by entomopathogenic fungi demonstrate the protective role of the biomineral layer. The discovery of biogenic high-magnesium calcite in the relatively well-studied leaf-cutting ants suggests that calcareous biominerals enriched in magnesium may be more common in metazoans than previously recognized. Biomineral armour is known in a number of diverse creatures but has not previously been observed in insects. Here, the authors report on the discovery and characterization of high-magnesium calcite armour which overlays the exoskeletons of leaf-cutter ants.
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34
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Deng Z, Chen H, Yang T, Jia Z, Weaver JC, Shevchenko PD, De Carlo F, Mirzaeifar R, Li L. Strategies for simultaneous strengthening and toughening via nanoscopic intracrystalline defects in a biogenic ceramic. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5678. [PMID: 33173053 PMCID: PMC7655841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19416-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While many organisms synthesize robust skeletal composites consisting of spatially discrete organic and mineral (ceramic) phases, the intrinsic mechanical properties of the mineral phases are poorly understood. Using the shell of the marine bivalve Atrina rigida as a model system, and through a combination of multiscale structural and mechanical characterization in conjunction with theoretical and computational modeling, we uncover the underlying mechanical roles of a ubiquitous structural motif in biogenic calcite, their nanoscopic intracrystalline defects. These nanoscopic defects not only suppress the soft yielding of pure calcite through the classical precipitation strengthening mechanism, but also enhance energy dissipation through controlled nano- and micro-fracture, where the defects' size, geometry, orientation, and distribution facilitate and guide crack initialization and propagation. These nano- and micro-scale cracks are further confined by larger scale intercrystalline organic interfaces, enabling further improved damage tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Deng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Hongshun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zian Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - James C Weaver
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Pavel D Shevchenko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Francesco De Carlo
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Reza Mirzaeifar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 635 Prices Fork Road, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Checa AG, Macías-Sánchez E, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Sánchez-Navas A, Lagos NA. Origin of the biphase nature and surface roughness of biogenic calcite secreted by the giant barnacle Austromegabalanus psittacus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16784. [PMID: 33033294 PMCID: PMC7544902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73804-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcite grains forming the wall plates of the giant barnacle Austramegabalanus psittacus have a distinctive surface roughness made of variously sized crystalline nanoprotrusions covered by extremely thin amorphous pellicles. This biphase (crystalline-amorphous) structure also penetrates through the crystal’s interiors, forming a web-like structure. Nanoprotrusions very frequently elongate following directions related to the crystallographic structure of calcite, in particular, the <− 441> directions, which are the strongest periodic bond chains (PBCs) in calcite. We propose that the formation of elongated nanoprotrusions happens during the crystallization of calcite from a precursor amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC). This is because biomolecules integrated within the ACC are expelled from such PBCs due to the force of crystallization, with the consequent formation of uninterrupted crystalline nanorods. Expelled biomolecules accumulate in adjacent regions, thereby stabilizing small pellicle-like volumes of ACC. With growth, such pellicles become occluded within the crystal. In summary, the surface roughness of the biomineral surface reflects the complex shape of the crystallization front, and the biphase structure provides evidence for crystallization from an amorphous precursor. The surface roughness is generally explained as resulting from the attachment of ACC particles to the crystal surface, which later crystallised in concordance with the crystal lattice. If this was the case, the nanoprotrusions do not reflect the size and shape of any precursor particle. Accordingly, the particle attachment model for biomineral formation should seek new evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Checa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra, CSIC-Universidad de Granada, 18100, Armilla, Spain.
| | - Elena Macías-Sánchez
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Antonio Sánchez-Navas
- Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
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36
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Wysokowski M, Zaslansky P, Ehrlich H. Macrobiomineralogy: Insights and Enigmas in Giant Whale Bones and Perspectives for Bioinspired Materials Science. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:5357-5367. [PMID: 33320547 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The giant bones of whales (Cetacea) are the largest extant biomineral-based constructs known. The fact that such mammalian bones can grow up to 7 m long raises questions about differences and similarities to other smaller bones. Size and exposure to environmental stress are good reasons to suppose that an unexplored level of hierarchical organization may be present that is not needed in smaller bones. The existence of such a macroscopic naturally grown structure with poorly described mechanisms for biomineralization is an example of the many yet unexplored phenomena in living organisms. In this article, we describe key observations in macrobiomineralization and suggest that the large scale of biomineralization taking place in selected whale bones implies they may teach us fundamental principles of the chemistry, biology, and biomaterials science governing bone formation, from atomistic to the macrolevel. They are also associated with a very lipid rich environment on those bones. This has implications for bone development and damage sensing that has not yet been fully addressed. We propose that whale bone construction poses extreme requirements for inorganic material storage, mediated by biomacromolecules. Unlike extinct large mammals, cetaceans still live deep in large terrestrial water bodies following eons of adaptation. The nanocomposites from which the bones are made, comprising biomacromolecules and apatite nanocrystals, must therefore be well adapted to create the macroporous hierarchically structured architectures of the bones, with mechanical properties that match the loads imposed in vivo. This massive skeleton directly contributes to the survival of these largest mammals in the aquatic environments of Earth, with structural refinements being the result of 60 million years of evolution. We also believe that the concepts presented in this article highlight the beneficial uses of multidisciplinary and multiscale approaches to study the structural peculiarities of both organic and inorganic phases as well as mechanisms of biomineralization in highly specialized and evolutionarily conserved hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan 60965, Poland.,Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Strasse 3, Freiberg 09599, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav-Zeuner Strasse 3, Freiberg 09599, Germany
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37
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Von Euw S, Azaïs T, Manichev V, Laurent G, Pehau-Arnaudet G, Rivers M, Murali N, Kelly DJ, Falkowski PG. Solid-State Phase Transformation and Self-Assembly of Amorphous Nanoparticles into Higher-Order Mineral Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12811-12825. [PMID: 32568532 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Materials science has been informed by nonclassical pathways to crystallization, based on biological processes, about the fabrication of damage-tolerant composite materials. Various biomineralizing taxa, such as stony corals, deposit metastable, magnesium-rich, amorphous calcium carbonate nanoparticles that further assemble and transform into higher-order mineral structures. Here, we examine a similar process in abiogenic conditions using synthetic, amorphous calcium magnesium carbonate nanoparticles. Applying a combination of high-resolution imaging and in situ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we reveal the underlying mechanism of the solid-state phase transformation of these amorphous nanoparticles into crystals under aqueous conditions. These amorphous nanoparticles are covered by a hydration shell of bound water molecules. Fast chemical exchanges occur: the hydrogens present within the nanoparticles exchange with the hydrogens from the surface-bound H2O molecules which, in turn, exchange with the hydrogens of the free H2O molecule of the surrounding aqueous medium. This cascade of chemical exchanges is associated with an enhanced mobility of the ions/molecules that compose the nanoparticles which, in turn, allow for their rearrangement into crystalline domains via solid-state transformation. Concurrently, the starting amorphous nanoparticles aggregate and form ordered mineral structures through crystal growth by particle attachment. Sphere-like aggregates and spindle-shaped structures were, respectively, formed from relatively high or low weights per volume of the same starting amorphous nanoparticles. These results offer promising prospects for exerting control over such a nonclassical pathway to crystallization to design mineral structures that could not be achieved through classical ion-by-ion growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislas Von Euw
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.,Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Thierry Azaïs
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Viacheslav Manichev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Institute of Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Guillaume Laurent
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Gérard Pehau-Arnaudet
- UMR 3528 and UTech UBI, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Margarita Rivers
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Devices, and Nanotechnology, Rutgers University, 607 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States.,Department of Physics, Wellesley College, 106 Central Street, Wellesley, Massachusetts 02481, United States
| | - Nagarajan Murali
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590, Ireland
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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38
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Bianco‐Stein N, Polishchuk I, Seiden G, Villanova J, Rack A, Zaslansky P, Pokroy B. Helical Microstructures of the Mineralized Coralline Red Algae Determine Their Mechanical Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000108. [PMID: 32537417 PMCID: PMC7284203 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Through controlled biomineralization, organisms yield complicated structures with specific functions. Here, Jania sp., an articulated coralline red alga that secretes high-Mg calcite as part of its skeleton, is in focus. It is shown that Jania sp. exhibits a remarkable structure, which is highly porous (with porosity as high as 64 vol%) and reveals several hierarchical orders from the nano to the macroscale. It is shown that the structure is helical, and proven that its helical configuration provides the alga with superior compliance that allows it to adapt to stresses in its natural environment. Thus, the combination of high porosity and a helical configuration result in a sophisticated, light-weight, compliant structure. It is anticipated that the findings on the advantages of such a structure are likely to be of value in the design or improvement of lightweight structures with superior mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuphar Bianco‐Stein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion−Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion−Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
| | - Gabriel Seiden
- Moriah Scientific ConsultingYehiel Paldi St 11Rehovot7624811Israel
| | | | - Alexander Rack
- The European SynchrotronCS 40220Grenoble Cedex 938043France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department of Restorative and Preventive DentistryInstitute for Dental and Craniofacial SciencesCharité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlin14197Germany
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion−Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
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39
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Shape-preserving amorphous-to-crystalline transformation of CaCO 3 revealed by in situ TEM. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3397-3404. [PMID: 32015117 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914813117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms use inorganic ions and macromolecules to regulate crystallization from amorphous precursors, endowing natural biominerals with complex morphologies and enhanced properties. The mechanisms by which modifiers enable these shape-preserving transformations are poorly understood. We used in situ liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy to follow the evolution from amorphous calcium carbonate to calcite in the presence of additives. A combination of contrast analysis and infrared spectroscopy shows that Mg ions, which are widely present in seawater and biological fluids, alter the transformation pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. The ions bring excess (structural) water into the amorphous bulk so that a direct transformation is triggered by dehydration in the absence of morphological changes. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest Mg-incorporated water induces structural fluctuations, allowing transformation without the need to nucleate a separate crystal. Thus, the obtained calcite retains the original morphology of the amorphous state, biomimetically achieving the morphological control of crystals seen in biominerals.
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40
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Broad A, Ford IJ, Duffy DM, Darkins R. Magnesium-rich nanoprecipitates in calcite: atomistic mechanisms responsible for toughening in Ophiocoma wendtii. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10056-10062. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00887g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomistic simulations provide insight into an example of the superiority of biogenic crystals, where Mg-rich nanoprecipitates in calcite inhibit crack propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Broad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
| | - Ian J. Ford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
| | - Dorothy M. Duffy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
| | - Robert Darkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- University College London
- London WC1E 6BT
- UK
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41
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Kim YY, Darkins R, Broad A, Kulak AN, Holden MA, Nahi O, Armes SP, Tang CC, Thompson RF, Marin F, Duffy DM, Meldrum FC. Hydroxyl-rich macromolecules enable the bio-inspired synthesis of single crystal nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5682. [PMID: 31831739 PMCID: PMC6908585 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic macromolecules are traditionally considered key to calcium carbonate biomineralisation and have long been first choice in the bio-inspired synthesis of crystalline materials. Here, we challenge this view and demonstrate that low-charge macromolecules can vastly outperform their acidic counterparts in the synthesis of nanocomposites. Using gold nanoparticles functionalised with low charge, hydroxyl-rich proteins and homopolymers as growth additives, we show that extremely high concentrations of nanoparticles can be incorporated within calcite single crystals, while maintaining the continuity of the lattice and the original rhombohedral morphologies of the crystals. The nanoparticles are perfectly dispersed within the host crystal and at high concentrations are so closely apposed that they exhibit plasmon coupling and induce an unexpected contraction of the crystal lattice. The versatility of this strategy is then demonstrated by extension to alternative host crystals. This simple and scalable occlusion approach opens the door to a novel class of single crystal nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Robert Darkins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexander Broad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexander N Kulak
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ouassef Nahi
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, S3 7HF, UK
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Rebecca F Thompson
- The Astbury Biostructure Laboratory, Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Frederic Marin
- UMR CNRS 6282 Biogeosciences, Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Dorothy M Duffy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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42
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Ihli J, Green DC, Lynch C, Holden MA, Lee PA, Zhang S, Robinson IK, Webb SED, Meldrum FC. Super‐Resolution Microscopy Reveals Shape and Distribution of Dislocations in Single‐Crystal Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut 5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | | | - Christophe Lynch
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilResearch Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Mark A. Holden
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- School of Physical Sciences and ComputingUniversity of Central Lancashire Preston PR1 2HE UK
| | | | - Shuheng Zhang
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ian K. Robinson
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London London WC1H 0AH UK
- Brookhaven National Lab Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Stephen E. D. Webb
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities CouncilResearch Complex at HarwellRutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot OX11 0QX UK
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43
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Ihli J, Green DC, Lynch C, Holden MA, Lee PA, Zhang S, Robinson IK, Webb SED, Meldrum FC. Super-Resolution Microscopy Reveals Shape and Distribution of Dislocations in Single-Crystal Nanocomposites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17328-17334. [PMID: 31591809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With their potential to offer new properties, single crystals containing nanoparticles provide an attractive class of nanocomposite materials. However, to fully profit from these, it is essential that we can characterise their 3D structures, identifying the locations of individual nanoparticles, and the defects present within the host crystals. Using calcite crystals containing quantum dots as a model system, we here use 3D stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to locate the positions of the nanoparticles within the host crystal. The nanoparticles are shown to preferentially associate with dislocations in a manner previously recognised for atomic impurities, rendering these defects visible by STORM. Our images also demonstrate that the types of dislocations formed at the crystal/substrate interface vary according to the nucleation face, and dislocation loops are observed that have entirely different geometries to classic misfit dislocations. This approach offers a rapid, easily accessed, and non-destructive method for visualising the dislocations present within crystals, and gives insight into the mechanisms by which additives become occluded within crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - David C Green
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christophe Lynch
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,School of Physical Sciences and Computing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Phillip A Lee
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Shuheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ian K Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK.,Brookhaven National Lab, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Stephen E D Webb
- Central Laser Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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44
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Barhom H, Machnev AA, Noskov RE, Goncharenko A, Gurvitz EA, Timin AS, Shkoldin VA, Koniakhin SV, Koval OY, Zyuzin MV, Shalin AS, Shishkin II, Ginzburg P. Biological Kerker Effect Boosts Light Collection Efficiency in Plants. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7062-7071. [PMID: 31496253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Being the polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), vaterite and calcite have attracted a great deal of attention as promising biomaterials for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, they are important biogenic minerals, enabling living organisms to reach specific functions. In nature, vaterite and calcite monocrystals typically form self-assembled polycrystal micro- and nanoparticles, also referred to as spherulites. Here, we demonstrate that alpine plants belonging to the Saxifraga genus can tailor light scattering channels and utilize multipole interference effect to improve light collection efficiency via producing CaCO3 polycrystal nanoparticles on the margins of their leaves. To provide a clear physical background behind this concept, we study optical properties of artificially synthesized vaterite nanospherulites and reveal the phenomenon of directional light scattering. Dark-field spectroscopy measurements are supported by a comprehensive numerical analysis, accounting for the complex microstructure of particles. We demonstrate the appearance of generalized Kerker condition, where several higher order multipoles interfere constructively in the forward direction, governing the interaction phenomenon. As a result, highly directive forward light scattering from vaterite nanospherulites is observed in the entire visible range. Furthermore, ex vivo studies of microstructure and optical properties of leaves for the alpine plants Saxifraga "Southside Seedling" and Saxifraga Paniculata Ria are performed and underline the importance of the Kerker effect for these living organisms. Our results pave the way for a bioinspired strategy of efficient light collection by self-assembled polycrystal CaCO3 nanoparticles via tailoring light propagation directly to the photosynthetic tissue with minimal losses to undesired scattering channels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alexander Goncharenko
- Research Institute of Influenza , Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation , Prof. Popova str. 15/17 , St. Petersburg 197376 , Russia
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University , Polytechnicheskaya str. 29 , St. Petersburg 195251 , Russia
| | - Egor A Gurvitz
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University , Polytechnicheskaya str. 29 , St. Petersburg 195251 , Russia
- Research School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University , Lenin Avenue 30 , 634050 Tomsk , Russia
| | - Vitaliy A Shkoldin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
- St. Petersburg Academic University , St. Petersburg 194021 , Russia
| | - Sergei V Koniakhin
- St. Petersburg Academic University , St. Petersburg 194021 , Russia
- Institut Pascal, PHOTON-N2 , Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal , F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand , France
| | - Olga Yu Koval
- St. Petersburg Academic University , St. Petersburg 194021 , Russia
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
| | - Alexander S Shalin
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering , ITMO University , Lomonosova 9 , St. Petersburg 191002 , Russia
| | | | - Pavel Ginzburg
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials , Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny , 141700 Russia
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45
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Seknazi E, Kozachkevich S, Polishchuk I, Bianco Stein N, Villanova J, Suuronen JP, Dejoie C, Zaslansky P, Katsman A, Pokroy B. From spinodal decomposition to alternating layered structure within single crystals of biogenic magnesium calcite. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4559. [PMID: 31594921 PMCID: PMC6783414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
As organisms can form crystals only under ambient conditions, they demonstrate fascinating strategies to overcome this limitation. Recently, we reported a previously unknown biostrategy for toughening brittle calcite crystals, using coherently incorporated Mg-rich nanoprecipitates arranged in a layered manner in the lenses of a brittle star, Ophiocoma wendtii. Here we propose the mechanisms of formation of this functional hierarchical structure under conditions of ambient temperature and limited solid diffusion. We propose that formation proceeds via a spinodal decomposition of a liquid or gel-like magnesium amorphous calcium carbonate (Mg-ACC) precursor into Mg-rich nanoparticles and a Mg-depleted amorphous matrix. In a second step, crystallization of the decomposed amorphous precursor leads to the formation of high-Mg particle-rich layers. The model is supported by our experimental results in synthetic systems. These insights have significant implications for fundamental understanding of the role of Mg-ACC material transformation during crystallization and its subsequent stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Seknazi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Stas Kozachkevich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nuphar Bianco Stein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Julie Villanova
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jussi-Petteri Suuronen
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Catherine Dejoie
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Department for Restorative and Preventive Dentistry, Centrum für Zahn-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 14197, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex Katsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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46
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Różycka M, Coronado I, Brach K, Olesiak‐Bańska J, Samoć M, Zarębski M, Dobrucki J, Ptak M, Weber E, Polishchuk I, Pokroy B, Stolarski J, Ożyhar A. Lattice Shrinkage by Incorporation of Recombinant Starmaker-Like Protein within Bioinspired Calcium Carbonate Crystals. Chemistry 2019; 25:12740-12750. [PMID: 31241793 PMCID: PMC6790713 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The biological mediation of mineral formation (biomineralization) is realized through diverse organic macromolecules that guide this process in a spatial and temporal manner. Although the role of these molecules in biomineralization is being gradually revealed, the molecular basis of their regulatory function is still poorly understood. In this study, the incorporation and distribution of the model intrinsically disordered starmaker-like (Stm-l) protein, which is active in fish otoliths biomineralization, within calcium carbonate crystals, is revealed. Stm-l promotes crystal nucleation and anisotropic tailoring of crystal morphology. Intracrystalline incorporation of Stm-l protein unexpectedly results in shrinkage (and not expansion, as commonly described in biomineral and bioinspired crystals) of the crystal lattice volume, which is described herein, for the first time, for bioinspired mineralization. A ring pattern was observed in crystals grown for 48 h; this was composed of a protein-enriched region flanked by protein-depleted regions. It can be explained as a result of the Ostwald-like ripening process and intrinsic properties of Stm-l, and bears some analogy to the daily growth layers of the otolith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosława Różycka
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50-370Poland
| | - Ismael Coronado
- Institute of PaleobiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw00-818Poland
| | - Katarzyna Brach
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling GroupFaculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50-370Poland
| | - Joanna Olesiak‐Bańska
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling GroupFaculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50-370Poland
| | - Marek Samoć
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling GroupFaculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50-370Poland
| | - Mirosław Zarębski
- Department of Cell BiophysicsFaculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakow30-387Poland
| | - Jerzy Dobrucki
- Department of Cell BiophysicsFaculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and BiotechnologyJagiellonian UniversityKrakow30-387Poland
| | - Maciej Ptak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure ResearchPolish Academy of SciencesWroclaw50-422Poland
| | - Eva Weber
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
| | - Iryna Polishchuk
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
| | - Boaz Pokroy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology InstituteTechnion Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa32000Israel
| | | | - Andrzej Ożyhar
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and TechnologyWroclaw50-370Poland
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47
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Coronado I, Fine M, Bosellini FR, Stolarski J. Impact of ocean acidification on crystallographic vital effect of the coral skeleton. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2896. [PMID: 31263108 PMCID: PMC6603003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10833-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing between environmental and species-specific physiological signals, recorded in coral skeletons, is one of the fundamental challenges in their reliable use as (paleo)climate proxies. To date, characteristic biological bias in skeleton-recorded environmental signatures (vital effect) was shown in shifts in geochemical signatures. Herein, for the first time, we have assessed crystallographic parameters of bio-aragonite to study the response of the reef-building coral Stylophora pistillata to experimental seawater acidification (pH 8.2, 7.6 and 7.3). Skeletons formed under high pCO2 conditions show systematic crystallographic changes such as better constrained crystal orientation and anisotropic distortions of bio-aragonite lattice parameters due to increased amount of intracrystalline organic matrix and water content. These variations in crystallographic features that seem to reflect physiological adjustments of biomineralizing organisms to environmental change, are herein called crystallographic vital effect (CVE). CVE may register those changes in the biomineralization process that may not yet be perceived at the macromorphological skeletal level. Coral fossils can record climatic history, but teasing apart environmental signals remains a challenge. Here the authors show that crystallographic changes in coral skeletons grown under high CO2 conditions could be used as a sensitive pH proxy, enabling measurement of ocean acidification back in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Coronado
- Institute of Paleobiology, Twarda 51/55, PL-00-818, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maoz Fine
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat Gan, Israel.,The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, P.O. Box 469, 88103, Eilat, Israel
| | - Francesca R Bosellini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
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48
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Böhm CF, Harris J, Schodder PI, Wolf SE. Bioinspired Materials: From Living Systems to New Concepts in Materials Chemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2117. [PMID: 31266158 PMCID: PMC6651889 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nature successfully employs inorganic solid-state materials (i.e., biominerals) and hierarchical composites as sensing elements, weapons, tools, and shelters. Optimized over hundreds of millions of years under evolutionary pressure, these materials are exceptionally well adapted to the specifications of the functions that they perform. As such, they serve today as an extensive library of engineering solutions. Key to their design is the interplay between components across length scales. This hierarchical design-a hallmark of biogenic materials-creates emergent functionality not present in the individual constituents and, moreover, confers a distinctly increased functional density, i.e., less material is needed to provide the same performance. The latter aspect is of special importance today, as climate change drives the need for the sustainable and energy-efficient production of materials. Made from mundane materials, these bioceramics act as blueprints for new concepts in the synthesis and morphosynthesis of multifunctional hierarchical materials under mild conditions. In this review, which also may serve as an introductory guide for those entering this field, we demonstrate how the pursuit of studying biomineralization transforms and enlarges our view on solid-state material design and synthesis, and how bioinspiration may allow us to overcome both conceptual and technical boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna F Böhm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joe Harris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp I Schodder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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49
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Ihli J, Clark JN, Kanwal N, Kim YY, Holden MA, Harder RJ, Tang CC, Ashbrook SE, Robinson IK, Meldrum FC. Visualization of the effect of additives on the nanostructures of individual bio-inspired calcite crystals. Chem Sci 2019; 10:1176-1185. [PMID: 30774916 PMCID: PMC6349071 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03733g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble additives provide a versatile strategy for controlling crystallization processes, enabling selection of properties including crystal sizes, morphologies, and structures. The additive species can also be incorporated within the crystal lattice, leading for example to enhanced mechanical properties. However, while many techniques are available for analyzing particle shape and structure, it remains challenging to characterize the structural inhomogeneities and defects introduced into individual crystals by these additives, where these govern many important material properties. Here, we exploit Bragg coherent diffraction imaging to visualize the effects of soluble additives on the internal structures of individual crystals on the nanoscale. Investigation of bio-inspired calcite crystals grown in the presence of lysine or magnesium ions reveals that while a single dislocation is observed in calcite crystals grown in the presence of lysine, magnesium ions generate complex strain patterns. Indeed, in addition to the expected homogeneous solid solution of Mg ions in the calcite lattice, we observe two zones comprising alternating lattice contractions and relaxation, where comparable alternating layers of high magnesium calcite have been observed in many magnesium calcite biominerals. Such insight into the structures of nanocomposite crystals will ultimately enable us to understand and control their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
| | - Jesse N Clark
- Stanford PULSE Institute , SLAC National Accelerator , Menlo Park , California 94025 , USA
| | - Nasima Kanwal
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM , University of St. Andrews , North Haugh , St. Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Yi-Yeoun Kim
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
| | - Mark A Holden
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
| | - Ross J Harder
- Advanced Photon Source , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , USA
| | - Chiu C Tang
- Diamond Light Source , Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot , Oxfordshire OX11 0DE , UK
| | - Sharon E Ashbrook
- School of Chemistry and EaStCHEM , University of St. Andrews , North Haugh , St. Andrews , KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Ian K Robinson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology , University College London , London WC1H 0AH , UK
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science , Brookhaven National Lab. Upton , NY 11973-5000 , USA
| | - Fiona C Meldrum
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK . ;
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50
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Xto J, Wetter R, Borca CN, Frieh C, van Bokhoven JA, Huthwelker T. Droplet-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy cell for studying crystallization processes at the tender X-ray energy range. RSC Adv 2019; 9:34004-34010. [PMID: 35528920 PMCID: PMC9073857 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06084g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The understanding of nucleation and crystallization is fundamental in science and technology. In solution, these processes are complex involving multiple transformations from ions and ion pairs through amorphous intermediates to multiple crystalline phases. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), which is sensitive to liquid, amorphous and crystalline phases offers prospects of demystifying these processes. However, for low Z elements the use of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy requires the tender X-ray range, which is often limited by vacuum requirements thereby complicating these measurements. To overcome these challenges, we developed a versatile and user-friendly droplet-based in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy cell for studying crystallization processes. Time-resolved in situ experiments under ambient conditions are carried out in the cell whilst the cell is mounted in the vacuum chamber of a tender X-ray beamline. By following changes in the Ca K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), we captured in situ the intermediate phases involved during calcium carbonate crystallization from aqueous solutions. In addition, through linear combination fitting it was possible to qualitatively observe the evolution of each phase during the reaction demonstrating the potential of the cell in studying complex multiphase chemical processes. We introduce a new in situ cell for time-resolved reactions involving aerosols/droplets using tender X-ray absorption spectroscopy and related methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Xto
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
| | - Reto Wetter
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jeroen A. van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut
- 5232 Villigen
- Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering
- ETH Zürich
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