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Huang R, Pang Q, Zheng L, Lin J, Li H, Wan L, Wang T. Cholesterol metabolism: physiological versus pathological aspects in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1015-1030. [PMID: 38989934 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an important component of plasma membranes and participates in many basic life functions, such as the maintenance of cell membrane stability, the synthesis of steroid hormones, and myelination. Cholesterol plays a key role in the establishment and maintenance of the central nervous system. The brain contains 20% of the whole body's cholesterol, 80% of which is located within myelin. A huge number of processes (e.g., the sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway and liver X receptor pathway) participate in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in the brain via mechanisms that include cholesterol biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and efflux. Certain brain injuries or diseases involving crosstalk among the processes above can affect normal cholesterol metabolism to induce detrimental consequences. Therefore, we hypothesized that cholesterol-related molecules and pathways can serve as therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases. Intracerebral hemorrhage is the most severe hemorrhagic stroke subtype, with high mortality and morbidity. Historical cholesterol levels are associated with the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Moreover, secondary pathological changes after intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with cholesterol metabolism dysregulation, such as neuroinflammation, demyelination, and multiple types of programmed cell death. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation in the brain has been found after intracerebral hemorrhage. In this paper, we review normal cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system, the mechanisms known to participate in the disturbance of cholesterol metabolism after intracerebral hemorrhage, and the links between cholesterol metabolism and cell death. We also review several possible and constructive therapeutic targets identified based on cholesterol metabolism to provide cholesterol-based perspectives and a reference for those interested in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Huang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Suzhou Medicine College of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
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Etxeberria A, Shen YAA, Vito S, Silverman SM, Imperio J, Lalehzadeh G, Soung AL, Du C, Xie L, Choy MK, Hsiao YC, Ngu H, Cho CH, Ghosh S, Novikova G, Rezzonico MG, Leahey R, Weber M, Gogineni A, Elstrott J, Xiong M, Greene JJ, Stark KL, Chan P, Roth GA, Adrian M, Li Q, Choi M, Wong WR, Sandoval W, Foreman O, Nugent AA, Friedman BA, Sadekar S, Hötzel I, Hansen DV, Chih B, Yuen TJ, Weimer RM, Easton A, Meilandt WJ, Bohlen CJ. Neutral or Detrimental Effects of TREM2 Agonist Antibodies in Preclinical Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e2347232024. [PMID: 38830764 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2347-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genetics and preclinical studies have identified key contributions of TREM2 to several neurodegenerative conditions, inspiring efforts to modulate TREM2 therapeutically. Here, we characterize the activities of three TREM2 agonist antibodies in multiple mixed-sex mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and remyelination. Receptor activation and downstream signaling are explored in vitro, and active dose ranges are determined in vivo based on pharmacodynamic responses from microglia. For mice bearing amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology (PS2APP) or combined Aβ and tau pathology (TauPS2APP), chronic TREM2 agonist antibody treatment had limited impact on microglia engagement with pathology, overall pathology burden, or downstream neuronal damage. For mice with demyelinating injuries triggered acutely with lysolecithin, TREM2 agonist antibodies unexpectedly disrupted injury resolution. Likewise, TREM2 agonist antibodies limited myelin recovery for mice experiencing chronic demyelination from cuprizone. We highlight the contributions of dose timing and frequency across models. These results introduce important considerations for future TREM2-targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Etxeberria
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Yun-An A Shen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Stephen Vito
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Sean M Silverman
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jose Imperio
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Guita Lalehzadeh
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Allison L Soung
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Changchun Du
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Luke Xie
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Man Kin Choy
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Yi-Chun Hsiao
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Hai Ngu
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Chang Hoon Cho
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Gloriia Novikova
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | | | - Rebecca Leahey
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Martin Weber
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Alvin Gogineni
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Justin Elstrott
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Monica Xiong
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Jacob J Greene
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Kimberly L Stark
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Pamela Chan
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Gillie A Roth
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Max Adrian
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Qingling Li
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Meena Choi
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Weng Ruh Wong
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Wendy Sandoval
- Microchemistry Lipidomics and Proteomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Oded Foreman
- Pathology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Alicia A Nugent
- Human Pathobiology and OMNI Reverse Translation, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Brad A Friedman
- Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Shraddha Sadekar
- Preclinical and Translational Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Isidro Hötzel
- Antibody Engineering, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - David V Hansen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Ben Chih
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
- Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Tracy J Yuen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Robby M Weimer
- Translational Imaging, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Amy Easton
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - William J Meilandt
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Christopher J Bohlen
- Departments of Neuroscience, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080
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Ou Z, Cheng Y, Ma H, Chen K, Lin Q, Chen J, Guo R, Huang Z, Cheng Q, Alaeiilkhchi N, Zhu Q, Huang Z, Jiang H. miR-223 accelerates lipid droplets clearance in microglia following spinal cord injury by upregulating ABCA1. J Transl Med 2024; 22:659. [PMID: 39010173 PMCID: PMC11247820 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by extensive demyelination and inflammatory responses. Facilitating the clearance of lipid droplets (LDs) within microglia contributes to creating a microenvironment that favors neural recovery and provides essential materials for subsequent remyelination. Therefore, investigating MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lipid homeostasis after SCI and elucidating their potential mechanisms in promoting LDs clearance in microglia have become focal points of SCI research. METHODS We established a subacute C5 hemicontusion SCI model in mice and performed transcriptomic sequencing on the injury epicenter to identify differentially expressed genes and associated pathways. Confocal imaging was employed to observe LDs accumulation. Multi-omics analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA post-SCI. Pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed using bioinformatics methods, revealing miR-223-Abca1 as a crucial miRNA-mRNA pair in lipid metabolism regulation. BV2 microglia cell lines overexpressing miR-223 were engineered, and immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and other techniques were employed to assess LDs accumulation, relevant targets, and inflammatory factor expression, confirming its role in regulating lipid homeostasis in microglia. RESULTS Histopathological results of our hemicontusion SCI model confirmed LDs aggregation at the injury epicenter, predominantly within microglia. Our transcriptomic analysis during the subacute phase of SCI in mice implicated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (Abca1) as a pivotal gene in lipid homeostasis, cholesterol efflux and microglial activation. Integrative mRNA-miRNA multi-omics analysis highlighted the crucial role of miR-223 in the neuroinflammation process following SCI, potentially through the regulation of lipid metabolism via Abca1. In vitro experiments using BV2 cells overexpressing miR-223 demonstrated that elevated levels of miR-223 enhance ABCA1 expression in myelin debris and LPS-induced BV2 cells. This promotes myelin debris degradation and LDs clearance, and induces a shift toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study unveils the critical regulatory role of miR-223 in lipid homeostasis following SCI. The mechanism by which this occurs involves the upregulation of ABCA1 expression, which facilitates LDs clearance and myelin debris degradation, consequently alleviating the lipid burden, and inhibiting inflammatory polarization of microglia. These findings suggest that strategies to enhance miR-223 expression and target ABCA1, thereby augmenting LDs clearance, may emerge as appealing new clinical targets for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Ou
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Cheng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruqin Guo
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qixian Cheng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Nima Alaeiilkhchi
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zucheng Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Saldivia N, Heller G, Zelada D, Whitehair J, Venkat N, Konjeti A, Savitzky R, Samano S, Simchuk D, van Breemen R, Givogri MI, Bongarzone ER. Deficiency of galactosyl-ceramidase in adult oligodendrocytes worsens disease severity during chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Mol Ther 2024:S1525-0016(24)00425-8. [PMID: 38937968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Galactosyl-ceramidase (GALC) is a ubiquitous lysosomal enzyme crucial for the correct myelination of the mammalian nervous system during early postnatal development. However, the physiological consequence of GALC deficiency in the adult brain remains unknown. In this study, we found that mice with conditional ablation of GALC activity in post-myelinating oligodendrocytes were lethally sensitized when challenged with chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), in contrast with the non-lethal dysmyelination observed in Galc-ablated mice without the EAE challenge. Mechanistically, we found strong inflammatory demyelination without remyelination and an impaired fusion of lysosomes and autophagosomes with accumulation of myelin debris after a transcription factor EB-dependent increase in the lysosomal autophagosome flux. These results indicate that the physiological impact of GALC deficiency is highly influenced by the cell context (oligodendroglial vs. global expression), the presence of inflammation, and the developmental time when it happens (pre-myelination vs. post-myelination). We conclude that Galc expression in adult oligodendrocytes is crucial for the maintenance of adult central myelin and to decrease vulnerability to additional demyelinating insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Saldivia
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Gregory Heller
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Diego Zelada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Whitehair
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikhil Venkat
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ashna Konjeti
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reina Savitzky
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shayla Samano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Simchuk
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | | | - Maria I Givogri
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Maurya SK, Borgonovo JE, Biswal S, Martínez-Cerdeño V, Mishra R, Muñoz EM. Editorial: Trends in neuroimmunology: cross-talk between brain-resident and peripheral immune cells in both health and disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1442322. [PMID: 39026666 PMCID: PMC11256089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1442322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shashank K. Maurya
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Janina E. Borgonovo
- Integrative Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Suryanarayan Biswal
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children of Northern California, and MIND Institute at the UC Davis Medical Center, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Rajnikant Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Estela M. Muñoz
- Institute of Histology and Embryology of Mendoza (IHEM), National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Mendoza, Argentina
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Fettig NM, Pu A, Osborne LC, Gommerman JL. The influence of aging and the microbiome in multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38890777 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is well-recognized as a key player in maintaining health. However, it is a dynamic entity that changes across the lifespan. How the microbial changes that occur in later decades of life shape host health or impact age-associated inflammatory neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is still unclear. Current understanding of the aging gut microbiome is largely limited to cross-sectional observational studies. Moreover, studies in humans are limited by confounding host-intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are not easily disentangled from aging. This review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature on the aging gut microbiome and its known relationships with neurological diseases, with a specific focus on MS. We will also discuss preclinical animal models and human studies that shed light on the complex microbiota-host interactions that have the potential to influence disease pathology and progression in aging individuals. Lastly, we propose potential avenues of investigation to deconvolute features of an aging microbiota that contribute to disease, or alternatively promote health in advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Fettig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Annie Pu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Maimaiti M, Li C, Cheng M, Zhong Z, Hu J, Yang L, Zhang L, Hong Z, Song J, Pan M, Ma X, Cui S, Zhang P, Hao H, Wang C, Hu H. Blocking cGAS-STING pathway promotes post-stroke functional recovery in an extended treatment window via facilitating remyelination. MED 2024; 5:622-644.e8. [PMID: 38663402 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a major cause of worldwide death and disability, with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator being the sole effective treatment, albeit with a limited treatment window. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is emerging as the major DNA-sensing pathway to invoke immune responses in neuroinflammatory disorders. METHODS By performing a series of neurobehavioral assessments, electrophysiological analysis, high-throughput sequencing, and cell-based assays based on the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse stroke model, we examined the effects and underlying mechanisms of genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the cGAS-STING pathway on long-term post-stroke neurological functional outcomes. FINDINGS Blocking the cGAS-STING pathway, even 3 days after tMCAO, significantly promoted functional recovery in terms of white matter structural and functional integrity as well as sensorimotor and cognitive functions. Mechanistically, the neuroprotective effects via inhibiting the cGAS-STING pathway were contributed not only by inflammation repression at the early stage of tMCAO but also by modifying the cell state of phagocytes to facilitate remyelination at the sub-acute phase. The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway significantly impeded post-stroke remyelination through restraining myelin debris uptake and degradation and hindering oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. CONCLUSIONS Manipulating the cGAS-STING pathway has an extended treatment window in promoting long-term post-stroke functional recovery via facilitating remyelination in a mouse stroke model. Our results highlight the roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in aggregating stroke pathology and propose a new way for improving functional recovery after ischemic stroke. FUNDING This work was primarily funded by the National Key R&D Program of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munire Maimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mingxing Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiameng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze Hong
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaonan Ma
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Center, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiping Hao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China; School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Chongqing Innovation Institute of China Pharmaceutical University, Chongqing, China.
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8
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Beiter RM, Sheehan PW, Schafer DP. Microglia phagocytic mechanisms: Development informing disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102877. [PMID: 38631077 PMCID: PMC11162951 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Microglia are tissue-resident macrophages and professional phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). In development, microglia-mediated phagocytosis is important for sculpting the cellular architecture. This includes the engulfment of dead/dying cells, pruning extranumerary synapses and axons, and phagocytosing fragments of myelin sheaths. Intriguingly, these developmental phagocytic mechanisms by which microglia sculpt the CNS are now appreciated as important for eliminating synapses, myelin, and proteins during neurodegeneration. Here, we discuss parallels between neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration, which highlights how development is informing disease. We further discuss recent advances and challenges towards therapeutically targeting these phagocytic pathways and how we can leverage development to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Beiter
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Patrick W Sheehan
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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9
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Martens N, Zhan N, Yam SC, Leijten FPJ, Palumbo M, Caspers M, Tiane A, Friedrichs S, Li Y, van Vark-van der Zee L, Voortman G, Zimetti F, Jaarsma D, Verschuren L, Jonker JW, Kuipers F, Lütjohann D, Vanmierlo T, Mulder MT. Supplementation of Seaweed Extracts to the Diet Reduces Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease in the APPswePS1ΔE9 Mouse Model. Nutrients 2024; 16:1614. [PMID: 38892548 PMCID: PMC11174572 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that diet supplementation with seaweed Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme) prevented AD-related pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here, we tested a lipid extract of seaweed Himanthalia elongata (H. elongata) and a supercritical fluid (SCF) extract of S. fusiforme that is free of excess inorganic arsenic. Diet supplementation with H. elongata extract prevented cognitive deterioration in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice. Similar trends were observed for the S. fusiforme SCF extract. The cerebral amyloid-β plaque load remained unaffected. However, IHC analysis revealed that both extracts lowered glial markers in the brains of APPswePS1ΔE9 mice. While cerebellar cholesterol concentrations remained unaffected, both extracts increased desmosterol, an endogenous LXR agonist with anti-inflammatory properties. Both extracts increased cholesterol efflux, and particularly, H. elongata extract decreased the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages. Additionally, our findings suggest a reduction of AD-associated phosphorylated tau and promotion of early oligodendrocyte differentiation by H. elongata. RNA sequencing on the hippocampus of one-week-treated APPswePS1ΔE9 mice revealed effects of H. elongata on, amongst others, acetylcholine and synaptogenesis signaling pathways. In conclusion, extracts of H. elongata and S. fusiforme show potential to reduce AD-related pathology in APPswePS1ΔE9 mice. Increasing desmosterol concentrations may contribute to these effects by dampening neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Martens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Na Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Sammie C. Yam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
| | - Frank P. J. Leijten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
| | - Marcella Palumbo
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.P.)
| | - Martien Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Assia Tiane
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Translational Neuroscience, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany (D.L.)
| | - Yanlin Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie van Vark-van der Zee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
| | - Gardi Voortman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
| | - Francesca Zimetti
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (M.P.)
| | - Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. Jonker
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.W.J.)
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands; (J.W.J.)
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany (D.L.)
| | - Tim Vanmierlo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, B-3590 Hasselt, Belgium
- Department Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Division Translational Neuroscience, Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Monique T. Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands (Y.L.); (G.V.); (T.V.)
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10
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Wculek SK, Forisch S, Miguel V, Sancho D. Metabolic homeostasis of tissue macrophages across the lifespan. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00111-5. [PMID: 38763781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are present in almost all organs. Apart from being immune sentinels, tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) have organ-specific functions that require a specialized cellular metabolism to maintain homeostasis. In addition, organ-dependent metabolic adaptations of TRMs appear to be fundamentally distinct in homeostasis and in response to a challenge, such as infection or injury. Moreover, TRM function becomes aberrant with advancing age, contributing to inflammaging and organ deterioration, and a metabolic imbalance may underlie TRM immunosenescence. Here, we outline current understanding of the particular metabolic states of TRMs across organs and the relevance for their function. Moreover, we discuss the concomitant aging-related decline in metabolic plasticity and functions of TRMs, highlighting potential novel therapeutic avenues to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie K Wculek
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stephan Forisch
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Miguel
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sancho
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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11
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Yue C, Lu W, Fan S, Huang Z, Yang J, Dong H, Zhang X, Shang Y, Lai W, Li D, Dong T, Yuan A, Wu J, Kang L, Hu Y. Nanoparticles for inducing Gaucher disease-like damage in cancer cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01668-4. [PMID: 38740934 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01668-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nutrient avidity is one of the most distinctive features of tumours. However, nutrient deprivation has yielded limited clinical benefits. In Gaucher disease, an inherited metabolic disorder, cells produce cholesteryl-glucoside which accumulates in lysosomes and causes cell damage. Here we develop a nanoparticle (AbCholB) to emulate natural-lipoprotein-carried cholesterol and initiate Gaucher disease-like damage in cancer cells. AbCholB is composed of a phenylboronic-acid-modified cholesterol (CholB) and albumin. Cancer cells uptake the nanoparticles into lysosomes, where CholB reacts with glucose and generates a cholesteryl-glucoside-like structure that resists degradation and aggregates into microscale crystals, causing Gaucher disease-like damage in a glucose-dependent manner. In addition, the nutrient-sensing function of mTOR is suppressed. It is observed that normal cells escape severe damage due to their inferior ability to compete for nutrients compared with cancer cells. This work provides a bioinspired strategy to selectively impede the metabolic action of cancer cells by taking advantage of their nutrient avidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuxin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhusheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjia Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiejun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinhui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifeng Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yiqiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Institute of Drug R&D, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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12
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Liu X, Xin DE, Zhong X, Zhao C, Li Z, Zhang L, Dourson AJ, Lee L, Mishra S, Bayat AE, Nicholson E, Seibel WL, Yan B, Mason J, Turner BJ, Gonsalvez DG, Ong W, Chew SY, Ghosh B, Yoon SO, Xin M, He Z, Tchieu J, Wegner M, Nave KA, Franklin RJM, Dutta R, Trapp BD, Hu M, Smith MA, Jankowski MP, Barton SK, He X, Lu QR. Small-molecule-induced epigenetic rejuvenation promotes SREBP condensation and overcomes barriers to CNS myelin regeneration. Cell 2024; 187:2465-2484.e22. [PMID: 38701782 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Remyelination failure in diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) was thought to involve suppressed maturation of oligodendrocyte precursors; however, oligodendrocytes are present in MS lesions yet lack myelin production. We found that oligodendrocytes in the lesions are epigenetically silenced. Developing a transgenic reporter labeling differentiated oligodendrocytes for phenotypic screening, we identified a small-molecule epigenetic-silencing-inhibitor (ESI1) that enhances myelin production and ensheathment. ESI1 promotes remyelination in animal models of demyelination and enables de novo myelinogenesis on regenerated CNS axons. ESI1 treatment lengthened myelin sheaths in human iPSC-derived organoids and augmented (re)myelination in aged mice while reversing age-related cognitive decline. Multi-omics revealed that ESI1 induces an active chromatin landscape that activates myelinogenic pathways and reprograms metabolism. Notably, ESI1 triggered nuclear condensate formation of master lipid-metabolic regulators SREBP1/2, concentrating transcriptional co-activators to drive lipid/cholesterol biosynthesis. Our study highlights the potential of targeting epigenetic silencing to enable CNS myelin regeneration in demyelinating diseases and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhao Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Dazhuan Eric Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xiaowen Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Chuntao Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhidan Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Adam J Dourson
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lindsay Lee
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Shreya Mishra
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arman E Bayat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eva Nicholson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - William L Seibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45229, USA
| | - Joel Mason
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - David G Gonsalvez
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3168, Australia
| | - William Ong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
| | - Sing Yian Chew
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Balaram Ghosh
- Epigenetic Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Shamirpet, Hyderabad, India, 500078
| | - Sung Ok Yoon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mei Xin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason Tchieu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Wegner
- Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus-Armin Nave
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Bruce D Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Matthew A Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA; Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children's Hospital, Akron, OH, USA
| | - Michael P Jankowski
- Department of Anesthesia, Division of Pain Management, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Pediatric Pain Research Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Samantha K Barton
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Xuelian He
- Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China.
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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13
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Muzio L, Perego J. CNS Resident Innate Immune Cells: Guardians of CNS Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4865. [PMID: 38732082 PMCID: PMC11084235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the CNS has been considered for a long time an immune-privileged organ, it is now well known that both the parenchyma and non-parenchymal tissue (meninges, perivascular space, and choroid plexus) are richly populated in resident immune cells. The advent of more powerful tools for multiplex immunophenotyping, such as single-cell RNA sequencing technique and upscale multiparametric flow and mass spectrometry, helped in discriminating between resident and infiltrating cells and, above all, the different spectrum of phenotypes distinguishing border-associated macrophages. Here, we focus our attention on resident innate immune players and their primary role in both CNS homeostasis and pathological neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, two key interconnected aspects of the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Muzio
- Neuroimmunology Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute of Experimental Neurology, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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14
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Zhang R, Wuerch E, Yong VW, Xue M. LXR agonism for CNS diseases: promises and challenges. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:97. [PMID: 38627787 PMCID: PMC11022383 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The unfavorable prognosis of many neurological conditions could be attributed to limited tissue regeneration in central nervous system (CNS) and overwhelming inflammation, while liver X receptor (LXR) may regulate both processes due to its pivotal role in cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response, and thus receives increasing attentions from neuroscientists and clinicians. Here, we summarize the signal transduction of LXR pathway, discuss the therapeutic potentials of LXR agonists based on preclinical data using different disease models, and analyze the dilemma and possible resolutions for clinical translation to encourage further investigations of LXR related therapies in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Emily Wuerch
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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15
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Malara M, Prestel M, Tahirovic S. Endo-lysosomal dysfunction and neuronal-glial crosstalk in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220388. [PMID: 38368932 PMCID: PMC10874755 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a rare progressive lysosomal lipid storage disorder that manifests with a heterogeneous spectrum of clinical syndromes, including visceral, neurological and psychiatric symptoms. This monogenetic autosomal recessive disease is largely caused by mutations in the NPC1 gene, which controls intracellular lipid homeostasis. Vesicle-mediated endo-lysosomal lipid trafficking and non-vesicular lipid exchange via inter-organelle membrane contact sites are both regulated by the NPC1 protein. Loss of NPC1 function therefore triggers intracellular accumulation of diverse lipid species, including cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, sphingomyelin and sphingosine. The NPC1-mediated dysfunction of lipid transport has severe consequences for all brain cells, leading to neurodegeneration. Besides the cell-autonomous contribution of neuronal NPC1, aberrant NPC1 signalling in other brain cells is critical for the pathology. We discuss here the importance of endo-lysosomal dysfunction and a tight crosstalk between neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in NPC pathology. We strongly believe that a cell-specific rescue may not be sufficient to counteract the severity of the NPC pathology, but targeting common mechanisms, such as endo-lysosomal and lipid trafficking dysfunction, may ameliorate NPC pathology. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiovanna Malara
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Prestel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Sabina Tahirovic
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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16
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Cheng YJ, Wang F, Feng J, Yu B, Wang B, Gao Q, Wang TY, Hu B, Gao X, Chen JF, Chen YJ, Lv SQ, Feng H, Xiao L, Mei F. Prolonged myelin deficits contribute to neuron loss and functional impairments after ischaemic stroke. Brain 2024; 147:1294-1311. [PMID: 38289861 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischaemic stroke causes neuron loss and long-term functional deficits. Unfortunately, effective approaches to preserving neurons and promoting functional recovery remain unavailable. Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the CNS, are susceptible to oxygen and nutrition deprivation and undergo degeneration after ischaemic stroke. Technically, new oligodendrocytes and myelin can be generated by the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). However, myelin dynamics and their functional significance after ischaemic stroke remain poorly understood. Here, we report numerous denuded axons accompanied by decreased neuron density in sections from ischaemic stroke lesions in human brain, suggesting that neuron loss correlates with myelin deficits in these lesions. To investigate the longitudinal changes in myelin dynamics after stroke, we labelled and traced pre-existing and newly-formed myelin, respectively, using cell-specific genetic approaches. Our results indicated massive oligodendrocyte death and myelin loss 2 weeks after stroke in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. In contrast, myelin regeneration remained insufficient 4 and 8 weeks post-stroke. Notably, neuronal loss and functional impairments worsened in aged brains, and new myelin generation was diminished. To analyse the causal relationship between remyelination and neuron survival, we manipulated myelinogenesis by conditional deletion of Olig2 (a positive regulator) or muscarinic receptor 1 (M1R, a negative regulator) in OPCs. Deleting Olig2 inhibited remyelination, reducing neuron survival and functional recovery after tMCAO. Conversely, enhancing remyelination by M1R conditional knockout or treatment with the pro-myelination drug clemastine after tMCAO preserved white matter integrity and neuronal survival, accelerating functional recovery. Together, our findings demonstrate that enhancing myelinogenesis is a promising strategy to preserve neurons and promote functional recovery after ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jie Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, 1st affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qing Gao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Teng-Yue Wang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, PR China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Physiology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fei Chen
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, 1st affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Sheng-Qing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma, 1st affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, 2nd affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Department of Histology and Embryology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
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17
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Goyne CE, Fair AE, Sumowski PE, Graves JS. The Impact of Aging on Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2024; 24:83-93. [PMID: 38416310 DOI: 10.1007/s11910-024-01333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Age is one of the most important factors in determining MS phenotype. This review provides an overview of how age influences MS clinical characteristics, pathology, and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS New methods for measuring aging have improved our understanding of the aging process in MS. New studies have characterized the molecular and cellular composition of chronic active or smoldering plaques in MS. These lesions are important contributors to disability progression in MS. These studies highlight the important role of immunosenescence and the innate immune system in sustaining chronic inflammation. Given these changes in immune function, several studies have assessed optimal treatment strategies in aging individuals with MS. MS phenotype is intimately linked with chronologic age and immunosenescence. While there are many unanswered questions, there has been much progress in understanding this relationship which may lead to more effective treatments for progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher E Goyne
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ashley E Fair
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paige E Sumowski
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jennifer S Graves
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Drive, Ste 4W-222, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
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18
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Huang Z, Jordan JD, Zhang Q. Myelin Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease: Potential Therapeutic Opportunities. Aging Dis 2024; 15:698-713. [PMID: 37548935 PMCID: PMC10917545 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive decline. Despite significant efforts over several decades, our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease is still incomplete. Myelin is a multi-layered membrane structure ensheathing neuronal axons, which is essential for the fast and effective propagation of action potentials along the axons. Recent studies highlight the critical involvement of myelin in memory consolidation and reveal its vulnerability in various pathological conditions. Notably, apart from the classic amyloid hypothesis, myelin degeneration has been proposed as another critical pathophysiological feature of AD, which could occur prior to the development of amyloid pathology. Here, we review recent works supporting the critical role of myelin in cognition and myelin pathology during AD progression, with a focus on the mechanisms underlying myelin degeneration in AD. We also discuss the complex intersections between myelin pathology and typical AD pathophysiology, as well as the therapeutic potential of pro-myelinating approaches for this disease. Overall, these findings implicate myelin degeneration as a critical contributor to AD-related cognitive deficits and support targeting myelin repair as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Huang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - J. Dedrick Jordan
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
| | - Quanguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103 USA
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19
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Haney MS, Pálovics R, Munson CN, Long C, Johansson PK, Yip O, Dong W, Rawat E, West E, Schlachetzki JCM, Tsai A, Guldner IH, Lamichhane BS, Smith A, Schaum N, Calcuttawala K, Shin A, Wang YH, Wang C, Koutsodendris N, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Reiman EM, Glass CK, Abu-Remaileh M, Enejder A, Huang Y, Wyss-Coray T. APOE4/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer's disease microglia. Nature 2024; 628:154-161. [PMID: 38480892 PMCID: PMC10990924 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Several genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease implicate genes involved in lipid metabolism and many of these lipid genes are highly expressed in glial cells1. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism in glia and Alzheimer's disease pathology remains poorly understood. Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing of brain tissue in Alzheimer's disease, we have identified a microglial state defined by the expression of the lipid droplet-associated enzyme ACSL1 with ACSL1-positive microglia being most abundant in patients with Alzheimer's disease having the APOE4/4 genotype. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, fibrillar Aβ induces ACSL1 expression, triglyceride synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation in an APOE-dependent manner. Additionally, conditioned media from lipid droplet-containing microglia lead to Tau phosphorylation and neurotoxicity in an APOE-dependent manner. Our findings suggest a link between genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease with microglial lipid droplet accumulation and neurotoxic microglia-derived factors, potentially providing therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Haney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christy Nicole Munson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chris Long
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrik K Johansson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eshaan Rawat
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth West
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andy Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian Hunter Guldner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bhawika S Lamichhane
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Schaum
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kruti Calcuttawala
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Shin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chengzhong Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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McCallum S, Suresh KB, Islam T, Saustad AW, Shelest O, Patil A, Lee D, Kwon B, Yenokian I, Kawaguchi R, Beveridge CH, Manchandra P, Randolph CE, Meares GP, Dutta R, Plummer J, Knott SRV, Chopra G, Burda JE. Lesion-remote astrocytes govern microglia-mediated white matter repair. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.15.585251. [PMID: 38558977 PMCID: PMC10979953 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.15.585251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Spared regions of the damaged central nervous system undergo dynamic remodeling and exhibit a remarkable potential for therapeutic exploitation. Here, lesion-remote astrocytes (LRAs), which interact with viable neurons, glia and neural circuitry, undergo reactive transformations whose molecular and functional properties are poorly understood. Using multiple transcriptional profiling methods, we interrogated LRAs from spared regions of mouse spinal cord following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). We show that LRAs acquire a spectrum of molecularly distinct, neuroanatomically restricted reactivity states that evolve after SCI. We identify transcriptionally unique reactive LRAs in degenerating white matter that direct the specification and function of local microglia that clear lipid-rich myelin debris to promote tissue repair. Fueling this LRA functional adaptation is Ccn1 , which encodes for a secreted matricellular protein. Loss of astrocyte CCN1 leads to excessive, aberrant activation of local microglia with (i) abnormal molecular specification, (ii) dysfunctional myelin debris processing, and (iii) impaired lipid metabolism, culminating in blunted debris clearance and attenuated neurological recovery from SCI. Ccn1 -expressing white matter astrocytes are specifically induced by local myelin damage and generated in diverse demyelinating disorders in mouse and human, pointing to their fundamental, evolutionarily conserved role in white matter repair. Our findings show that LRAs assume regionally divergent reactivity states with functional adaptations that are induced by local context-specific triggers and influence disorder outcome. Astrocytes tile the central nervous system (CNS) where they serve vital roles that uphold healthy nervous system function, including regulation of synapse development, buffering of neurotransmitters and ions, and provision of metabolic substrates 1 . In response to diverse CNS insults, astrocytes exhibit disorder-context specific transformations that are collectively referred to as reactivity 2-5 . The characteristics of regionally and molecularly distinct reactivity states are incompletely understood. The mechanisms through which distinct reactivity states arise, how they evolve or resolve over time, and their consequences for local cell function and CNS disorder progression remain enigmatic. Immediately adjacent to CNS lesions, border-forming astrocytes (BFAs) undergo transcriptional reprogramming and proliferation to form a neuroprotective barrier that restricts inflammation and supports axon regeneration 6-9 . Beyond the lesion, spared but dynamic regions of the injured CNS exhibit varying degrees of synaptic circuit remodeling and progressive cellular responses to secondary damage that have profound consequences for neural repair and recovery 10,11 . Throughout these cytoarchitecturally intact, but injury-reactive regions, lesion-remote astrocytes (LRAs) intermingle with neurons and glia, undergo little to no proliferation, and exhibit varying degrees of cellular hypertrophy 7,12,13 . The molecular and functional properties of LRAs remain grossly undefined. Therapeutically harnessing spared regions of the injured CNS will require a clearer understanding of the accompanying cellular and molecular landscape. Here, we leveraged integrative transcriptional profiling methodologies to identify multiple spatiotemporally resolved, molecularly distinct states of LRA reactivity within the injured spinal cord. Computational modeling of LRA-mediated heterotypic cell interactions, astrocyte-specific conditional gene deletion, and multiple mouse models of acute and chronic CNS white matter degeneration were used to interrogate a newly identified white matter degeneration-reactive astrocyte subtype. We define how this reactivity state is induced and its role in governing the molecular and functional specification of local microglia that clear myelin debris from the degenerating white matter to promote repair.
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21
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Oppong AE, Coelewij L, Robertson G, Martin-Gutierrez L, Waddington KE, Dönnes P, Nytrova P, Farrell R, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC. Blood metabolomic and transcriptomic signatures stratify patient subgroups in multiple sclerosis according to disease severity. iScience 2024; 27:109225. [PMID: 38433900 PMCID: PMC10907838 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
There are no blood-based biomarkers distinguishing patients with relapsing-remitting (RRMS) from secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) although evidence supports metabolomic changes according to MS disease severity. Here machine learning analysis of serum metabolomic data stratified patients with RRMS from SPMS with high accuracy and a putative score was developed that stratified MS patient subsets. The top differentially expressed metabolites between SPMS versus patients with RRMS included lipids and fatty acids, metabolites enriched in pathways related to cellular respiration, notably, elevated lactate and glutamine (gluconeogenesis-related) and acetoacetate and bOHbutyrate (ketone bodies), and reduced alanine and pyruvate (glycolysis-related). Serum metabolomic changes were recapitulated in the whole blood transcriptome, whereby differentially expressed genes were also enriched in cellular respiration pathways in patients with SPMS. The final gene-metabolite interaction network demonstrated a potential metabolic shift from glycolysis toward increased gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in SPMS, indicating metabolic stress which may trigger stress response pathways and subsequent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Oppong
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Leda Coelewij
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Georgia Robertson
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Lucia Martin-Gutierrez
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Kirsty E. Waddington
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Pierre Dönnes
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
- Scicross AB, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Petra Nytrova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical, Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 500 03 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel Farrell
- Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London and Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Inés Pineda-Torra
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Division of Medicine, Department of Inflammation, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
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22
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Wang XX, Li ZH, Du HY, Liu WB, Zhang CJ, Xu X, Ke H, Peng R, Yang DG, Li JJ, Gao F. The role of foam cells in spinal cord injury: challenges and opportunities for intervention. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368203. [PMID: 38545108 PMCID: PMC10965697 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in a large amount of tissue cell debris in the lesion site, which interacts with various cytokines, including inflammatory factors, and the intrinsic glial environment of the central nervous system (CNS) to form an inhibitory microenvironment that impedes nerve regeneration. The efficient clearance of tissue debris is crucial for the resolution of the inhibitory microenvironment after SCI. Macrophages are the main cells responsible for tissue debris removal after SCI. However, the high lipid content in tissue debris and the dysregulation of lipid metabolism within macrophages lead to their transformation into foamy macrophages during the phagocytic process. This phenotypic shift is associated with a further pro-inflammatory polarization that may aggravate neurological deterioration and hamper nerve repair. In this review, we summarize the phenotype and metabolism of macrophages under inflammatory conditions, as well as the mechanisms and consequences of foam cell formation after SCI. Moreover, we discuss two strategies for foam cell modulation and several potential therapeutic targets that may enhance the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xin Wang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Hui Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Yong Du
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Bo Liu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Jia Zhang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Han Ke
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Run Peng
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - De-Gang Yang
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Jun Li
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Rehabilitation, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Spinal and Neural Functional Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China
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23
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de la Fuente AG, Dittmer M, Heesbeen EJ, de la Vega Gallardo N, White JA, Young A, McColgan T, Dashwood A, Mayne K, Cabeza-Fernández S, Falconer J, Rodriguez-Baena FJ, McMurran CE, Inayatullah M, Rawji KS, Franklin RJM, Dooley J, Liston A, Ingram RJ, Tiwari VK, Penalva R, Dombrowski Y, Fitzgerald DC. Ageing impairs the regenerative capacity of regulatory T cells in mouse central nervous system remyelination. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1870. [PMID: 38467607 PMCID: PMC10928230 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Myelin regeneration (remyelination) is essential to prevent neurodegeneration in demyelinating diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis, however, its efficiency declines with age. Regulatory T cells (Treg) recently emerged as critical players in tissue regeneration, including remyelination. However, the effect of ageing on Treg-mediated regenerative processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that expansion of aged Treg does not rescue age-associated remyelination impairment due to an intrinsically diminished capacity of aged Treg to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in male and female mice. This decline in regenerative Treg functions can be rescued by a young environment. We identified Melanoma Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (MCAM1) and Integrin alpha 2 (ITGA2) as candidates of Treg-mediated oligodendrocyte differentiation that decrease with age. Our findings demonstrate that ageing limits the neuroregenerative capacity of Treg, likely limiting their remyelinating therapeutic potential in aged patients, and describe two mechanisms implicated in Treg-driven remyelination that may be targetable to overcome this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alerie Guzman de la Fuente
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Sciences of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, 03010, Spain.
- Instituto de Neurosciencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, 03550, Spain.
| | - Marie Dittmer
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Elise J Heesbeen
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Division of Pharmacology, Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nira de la Vega Gallardo
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jessica A White
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Andrew Young
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Tiree McColgan
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Amy Dashwood
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
- Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Mayne
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sonia Cabeza-Fernández
- Institute for Health and Biomedical Sciences of Alicante (ISABIAL), Alicante, 03010, Spain
- Instituto de Neurosciencias CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, 03550, Spain
| | - John Falconer
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- CRUK Beatson Institute, G61 1BD, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Christopher E McMurran
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mohammed Inayatullah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), 5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Khalil S Rawji
- Altos Labs - Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, UK
| | - Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs - Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GP, UK
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, CB2 1QP, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca J Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vijay K Tiwari
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Institute for Advanced Study (DIAS), 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rosana Penalva
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Yvonne Dombrowski
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Denise C Fitzgerald
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
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24
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Kim T, James BT, Kahn MC, Blanco-Duque C, Abdurrob F, Islam MR, Lavoie NS, Kellis M, Tsai LH. Gamma entrainment using audiovisual stimuli alleviates chemobrain pathology and cognitive impairment induced by chemotherapy in mice. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadf4601. [PMID: 38446899 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf4601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy frequently experience a neurological condition known as chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment, or "chemobrain," which can persist for the remainder of their lives. Despite the growing prevalence of chemobrain, both its underlying mechanisms and treatment strategies remain poorly understood. Recent findings suggest that chemobrain shares several characteristics with neurodegenerative diseases, including chronic neuroinflammation, DNA damage, and synaptic loss. We investigated whether a noninvasive sensory stimulation treatment we term gamma entrainment using sensory stimuli (GENUS), which has been shown to alleviate aberrant immune and synaptic pathologies in mouse models of neurodegeneration, could also mitigate chemobrain phenotypes in mice administered a chemotherapeutic drug. When administered concurrently with the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, GENUS alleviated cisplatin-induced brain pathology, promoted oligodendrocyte survival, and improved cognitive function in a mouse model of chemobrain. These effects persisted for up to 105 days after GENUS treatment, suggesting the potential for long-lasting benefits. However, when administered to mice 90 days after chemotherapy, GENUS treatment only provided limited benefits, indicating that it was most effective when used to prevent the progression of chemobrain pathology. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the effects of GENUS in mice were not limited to cisplatin-induced chemobrain but also extended to methotrexate-induced chemobrain. Collectively, these findings suggest that GENUS may represent a versatile approach for treating chemobrain induced by different chemotherapy agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- TaeHyun Kim
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin T James
- Computer Science and Artificial intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martin C Kahn
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristina Blanco-Duque
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fatema Abdurrob
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Md Rezaul Islam
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nicolas S Lavoie
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Manolis Kellis
- Computer Science and Artificial intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Li-Huei Tsai
- Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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25
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Gingele S, Möllenkamp TM, Henkel F, Schröder L, Hümmert MW, Skripuletz T, Stangel M, Gudi V. Automated analysis of gray matter damage in aged mice reveals impaired remyelination in the cuprizone model. Brain Pathol 2024; 34:e13218. [PMID: 37927164 PMCID: PMC10901622 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by myelin loss, axonal damage, and glial scar formation. Still, the underlying processes remain unclear, as numerous pathways and factors have been found to be involved in the development and progression of the disease. Therefore, it is of great importance to find suitable animal models as well as reliable methods for their precise and reproducible analysis. Here, we describe the impact of demyelination on clinically relevant gray matter regions of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, using the previously established cuprizone model for aged mice. We could show that bioinformatic image analysis methods are not only suitable for quantification of cell populations, but also for the assessment of de- and remyelination processes, as numerous objective parameters can be considered for reproducible measurements. After cuprizone-induced demyelination, subsequent remyelination proceeded slowly and remained incomplete in all gray matter areas studied. There were regional differences in the number of mature oligodendrocytes during remyelination suggesting region-specific differences in the factors accounting for remyelination failure, as, even in the presence of oligodendrocytes, remyelination in the cortex was found to be impaired. Upon cuprizone administration, synaptic density and dendritic volume in the gray matter of aged mice decreased. The intensity of synaptophysin staining gradually restored during the subsequent remyelination phase, however the expression of MAP2 did not fully recover. Microgliosis persisted in the gray matter of aged animals throughout the remyelination period, whereas extensive astrogliosis was of short duration as compared to white matter structures. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the application of the cuprizone model in aged mice mimics the impaired regeneration ability seen in human pathogenesis more accurately than commonly used protocols with young mice and therefore provides an urgently needed animal model for the investigation of remyelination failure and remyelination-enhancing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gingele
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | - Florian Henkel
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
| | | | | | | | - Martin Stangel
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
- Department of Translational Medicine NeuroscienceNovartis Institute for BioMedical ResearchBaselSwitzerland
| | - Viktoria Gudi
- Department of NeurologyHannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany
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26
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Rubinski A, Dewenter A, Zheng L, Franzmeier N, Stephenson H, Deming Y, Duering M, Gesierich B, Denecke J, Pham AV, Bendlin B, Ewers M. Florbetapir PET-assessed demyelination is associated with faster tau accumulation in an APOE ε4-dependent manner. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1035-1049. [PMID: 38049659 PMCID: PMC10881623 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main objectives were to test whether (1) a decrease in myelin is associated with enhanced rate of fibrillar tau accumulation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, and (2) whether apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 genotype is associated with worse myelin decrease and thus tau accumulation. METHODS To address our objectives, we repurposed florbetapir-PET as a marker of myelin in the white matter (WM) based on previous validation studies showing that beta-amyloid (Aβ) PET tracers bind to WM myelin. We assessed 43 Aβ-biomarker negative (Aβ-) cognitively normal participants and 108 Aβ+ participants within the AD spectrum with florbetapir-PET at baseline and longitudinal flortaucipir-PET as a measure of fibrillar tau (tau-PET) over ~ 2 years. In linear regression analyses, we tested florbetapir-PET in the whole WM and major fiber tracts as predictors of tau-PET accumulation in a priori defined regions of interest (ROIs) and fiber-tract projection areas. In mediation analyses we tested whether tau-PET accumulation mediates the effect of florbetapir-PET in the whole WM on cognition. Finally, we assessed the role of myelin alteration on the association between APOE and tau-PET accumulation. RESULTS Lower florbetapir-PET in the whole WM or at a given fiber tract was predictive of faster tau-PET accumulation in Braak stages or the connected grey matter areas in Aβ+ participants. Faster tau-PET accumulation in higher cortical brain areas mediated the association between a decrease in florbetapir-PET in the WM and a faster rate of decline in global cognition and episodic memory. APOE ε4 genotype was associated with a worse decrease in the whole WM florbetapir-PET and thus enhanced tau-PET accumulation. CONCLUSION Myelin alterations are associated in an APOE ε4 dependent manner with faster tau progression and cognitive decline, and may therefore play a role in the etiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rubinski
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Dewenter
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukai Zheng
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolai Franzmeier
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Henry Stephenson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yuetiva Deming
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marco Duering
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benno Gesierich
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jannis Denecke
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - An-Vi Pham
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Bendlin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.
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Franklin RJM, Bodini B, Goldman SA. Remyelination in the Central Nervous System. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2024; 16:a041371. [PMID: 38316552 PMCID: PMC10910446 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The inability of the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) to undergo spontaneous regeneration has long been regarded as a central tenet of neurobiology. However, while this is largely true of the neuronal elements of the adult mammalian CNS, save for discrete populations of granule neurons, the same is not true of its glial elements. In particular, the loss of oligodendrocytes, which results in demyelination, triggers a spontaneous and often highly efficient regenerative response, remyelination, in which new oligodendrocytes are generated and myelin sheaths are restored to denuded axons. Yet remyelination in humans is not without limitation, and a variety of demyelinating conditions are associated with sustained and disabling myelin loss. In this work, we will (1) review the biology of remyelination, including the cells and signals involved; (2) describe when remyelination occurs and when and why it fails, including the consequences of its failure; and (3) discuss approaches for therapeutically enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases of both children and adults, both by stimulating endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and by transplanting these cells into demyelinated brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J M Franklin
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge CB21 6GH, United Kingdom
| | - Benedetta Bodini
- Sorbonne Université, Paris Brain Institute, CNRS, INSERM, Paris 75013, France
- Saint-Antoine Hospital, APHP, Paris 75012, France
| | - Steven A Goldman
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
- University of Copenhagen Faculty of Medicine, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
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Goldberg G, Coelho L, Mo G, Adang LA, Patne M, Chen Z, Garcia-Bassets I, Mesci P, Muotri AR. TREX1 is required for microglial cholesterol homeostasis and oligodendrocyte terminal differentiation in human neural assembloids. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:566-579. [PMID: 38129659 PMCID: PMC11153041 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02348-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Three Prime Repair Exonuclease 1 (TREX1) gene mutations have been associated with Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome (AGS) - a rare, severe pediatric autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the brain and has a poorly understood etiology. Microglia are brain-resident macrophages indispensable for brain development and implicated in multiple neuroinflammatory diseases. However, the role of TREX1 - a DNase that cleaves cytosolic nucleic acids, preventing viral- and autoimmune-related inflammatory responses - in microglia biology remains to be elucidated. Here, we leverage a model of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived engineered microglia-like cells, bulk, and single-cell transcriptomics, optical and transmission electron microscopy, and three-month-old assembloids composed of microglia and oligodendrocyte-containing organoids to interrogate TREX1 functions in human microglia. Our analyses suggest that TREX1 influences cholesterol metabolism, leading to an active microglial morphology with increased phagocytosis in the absence of TREX1. Notably, regulating cholesterol metabolism with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, FDA-approved atorvastatin, rescues these microglial phenotypes. Functionally, TREX1 in microglia is necessary for the transition from gliogenic intermediate progenitors known as pre-oligodendrocyte precursor cells (pre-OPCs) to precursors of the oligodendrocyte lineage known as OPCs, impairing oligodendrogenesis in favor of astrogliogenesis in human assembloids. Together, these results suggest routes for therapeutic intervention in pathologies such as AGS based on microglia-specific molecular and cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Luisa Coelho
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Guoya Mo
- Universal Sequencing Technology Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, 92011, USA
| | - Laura A Adang
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Patne
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhoutao Chen
- Universal Sequencing Technology Corporation, Carlsbad, CA, 92011, USA
| | | | - Pinar Mesci
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Axiom Space, Houston, TX, 77058, USA.
| | - Alysson R Muotri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA) and Archealization (ArchC), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Moradi K, Mitew S, Xing YL, Merson TD. HB-EGF and EGF infusion following CNS demyelination mitigates age-related decline in regeneration of oligodendrocytes from neural precursor cells originating in the ventricular-subventricular zone. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.26.582092. [PMID: 38529498 PMCID: PMC10962700 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.26.582092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic demyelination initiated by immune-mediated destruction of myelin, leads to axonal damage and neuronal cell death, resulting in a progressive decline in neurological function. The development of interventions that potentiate remyelination could hold promise as a novel treatment strategy for MS. To this end, our group has demonstrated that neural precursor cells (NPCs) residing in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the adult mouse brain contribute significantly to remyelination in response to central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and can regenerate myelin of normal thickness. However, aging takes its toll on the regenerative potential of NPCs and reduces their contribution to remyelination. In this study, we investigated how aging influences the contribution of NPCs to oligodendrogenesis during the remyelination process and whether the delivery of growth factors into the brains of aged mice could potentiate the oligodendrogenic potential of NPCs. To enable us to map the fate of NPCs in response to demyelination induced at different postnatal ages, Nestin-CreERT2;Rosa26-LSL-eYFP mice were gavaged with tamoxifen at either 8 weeks, 30 weeks or one year of age before being challenged with cuprizone for a period of six weeks. Using osmotic minipumps, we infused heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), and/or epidermal growth factor (EGF) into the cisterna magna for a period of two weeks beginning at the peak of cuprizone-induced demyelination (n=6-8 mice per group). Control mice received artificial cerebrospinal fluid (vehicle) alone. Mice were perfused six weeks after cuprizone withdrawal and the contribution of NPCs to oligodendrocyte regeneration in the corpus callosum was assessed. Our data reveal that although NPC-derived oligodendrocyte generation declined dramatically with age, this decline was partially reversed by growth factor infusion. Notably, co-infusion of EGF and HB-EGF increased oligodendrocyte regeneration twofold in some regions of the corpus callosum. Our results shed light on the beneficial effects of EGF and HB-EGF for increasing the contribution of NPCs to remyelination and indicate their therapeutic potential to combat the negative effects of aging upon remyelination efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaveh Moradi
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stanislaw Mitew
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yao Lulu Xing
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tobias D. Merson
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, 15 Innovation Walk, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Current address: Oligodendroglial Interactions Group, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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30
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Lattau SSJ, Borsch LM, Auf dem Brinke K, Klose C, Vinhoven L, Nietert M, Fitzner D. Plasma Lipidomic Profiling Using Mass Spectrometry for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis and Disease Activity Stratification (LipidMS). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2483. [PMID: 38473733 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This investigation explores the potential of plasma lipidomic signatures for aiding in the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and evaluating the clinical course and disease activity of diseased patients. Plasma samples from 60 patients with MS (PwMS) were clinically stratified to either a relapsing-remitting (RRMS) or a chronic progressive MS course and 60 age-matched controls were analyzed using state-of-the-art direct infusion quantitative shotgun lipidomics. To account for potential confounders, data were filtered for age and BMI correlations. The statistical analysis employed supervised and unsupervised multivariate data analysis techniques, including a principal component analysis (PCA), a partial least squares discriminant analysis (oPLS-DA) and a random forest (RF). To determine whether the significant absolute differences in the lipid subspecies have a relevant effect on the overall composition of the respective lipid classes, we introduce a class composition visualization (CCV). We identified 670 lipids across 16 classes. PwMS showed a significant increase in diacylglycerols (DAG), with DAG 16:0;0_18:1;0 being proven to be the lipid with the highest predictive ability for MS as determined by RF. The alterations in the phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) were mainly linked to RRMS while the alterations in the ether-bound PEs (PE O-) were found in chronic progressive MS. The amount of CE species was reduced in the CPMS cohort whereas TAG species were reduced in the RRMS patients, both lipid classes being relevant in lipid storage. Combining the above mentioned data analyses, distinct lipidomic signatures were isolated and shown to be correlated with clinical phenotypes. Our study suggests that specific plasma lipid profiles are not merely associated with the diagnosis of MS but instead point toward distinct clinical features in the individual patient paving the way for personalized therapy and an enhanced understanding of MS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisa-Marie Borsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Liza Vinhoven
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Nietert
- Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Fitzner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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31
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Vural G, Gumusyayla S, Karakoyunlu Eren F, Barakli S, Demir Unal E, Neselioglu S, Erel O. Relationship between pattern reversal visual evoked potential P100 wave latency and dysfunctional HDL in patients with multiple sclerosis subjected to an optic neuritis attack: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37115. [PMID: 38335440 PMCID: PMC10860982 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Optic neuritis frequently occurs during the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this condition, demyelination of the optic nerve occurs, which electrophysiologically causes a delay in P100 wave latency. Sensitive cholesterol homeostasis is critical for the formation of the myelin sheath and for myelin to become functionally mature. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) becomes dysfunctional under oxidative stress and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of MS. In this study, HDL levels of MS patients suffering from optic neuritis were compared with those of healthy individuals, and the relationship between pattern reversal visual evoked potential (PRVEP) P100 wave latency and HDL levels in patients with optic neuritis attacks was analyzed. PRVEP studies were performed in patients with MS who had an episode of optic neuritis, and P100 wave latencies were measured. Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy participants and patients. Lipid levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and paraoxonase (PON) activities were measured, and the MPO/PON ratio was then calculated. The lipid profiles and dysfunctional HDL levels in the healthy and patient groups were compared. Finally, the relationship between these parameters and the PRVEP-P100 wave latency was examined. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were significantly higher in the patient group (P = .044; P = .038, respectively). There was no statistically significant difference in HDL levels between groups (P = .659). The distribution of MPO values was similar between groups (P = .452). PON values were significantly lower, whereas the MPO/PON ratios were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P = .025; P = .028, respectively). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the elevated MPO/PON ratio, representing dysfunctional HDL, and both the mean and maximum PRVEP-P100 wave latencies (P < .001, R = 0.690; P < .001, R = 0.815, respectively). A dysfunctional form of HDL may lead to poor deactivation of remyelination-limiting factors and may ultimately be associated with poor outcomes in optic neuritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonul Vural
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Gumusyayla
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Barakli
- Department of Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Sungurlu State Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Esra Demir Unal
- Department of Neurology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Neurology, Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salim Neselioglu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozcan Erel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
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32
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Litvinchuk A, Suh JH, Guo JL, Lin K, Davis SS, Bien-Ly N, Tycksen E, Tabor GT, Remolina Serrano J, Manis M, Bao X, Lee C, Bosch M, Perez EJ, Yuede CM, Cashikar AG, Ulrich JD, Di Paolo G, Holtzman DM. Amelioration of Tau and ApoE4-linked glial lipid accumulation and neurodegeneration with an LXR agonist. Neuron 2024; 112:384-403.e8. [PMID: 37995685 PMCID: PMC10922706 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a strong genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). APOE4 increases and APOE2 decreases risk relative to APOE3. In the P301S mouse model of tauopathy, ApoE4 increases tau pathology and neurodegeneration when compared with ApoE3 or the absence of ApoE. However, the role of ApoE isoforms and lipid metabolism in contributing to tau-mediated degeneration is unknown. We demonstrate that in P301S tau mice, ApoE4 strongly promotes glial lipid accumulation and perturbations in cholesterol metabolism and lysosomal function. Increasing lipid efflux in glia via an LXR agonist or Abca1 overexpression strongly attenuates tau pathology and neurodegeneration in P301S/ApoE4 mice. We also demonstrate reductions in reactive astrocytes and microglia, as well as changes in cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism in glia of tauopathy mice in response to LXR activation. These data suggest that promoting efflux of glial lipids may serve as a therapeutic approach to ameliorate tau and ApoE4-linked neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Litvinchuk
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jung H Suh
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jing L Guo
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Karin Lin
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sonnet S Davis
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Nga Bien-Ly
- Denali Therapeutics Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, McDonnell Genome Institute, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - G Travis Tabor
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Javier Remolina Serrano
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Melissa Manis
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Xin Bao
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Choonghee Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Megan Bosch
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Enmanuel J Perez
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Anil G Cashikar
- Department of Psychiatry, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jason D Ulrich
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | | | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA.
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Colón Ortiz C, Eroglu C. Astrocyte signaling and interactions in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102307. [PMID: 38145604 PMCID: PMC10922437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of impairment in working-aged adults. MS is characterized by neuroinflammation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells to the brain, which cause myelin loss and death of oligodendrocytes and neurons. Many studies on MS have focused on the peripheral immune sources of demyelination and repair. However, recent studies revealed that a glial cell type, the astrocytes, undergo robust morphological and transcriptomic changes that contribute significantly to demyelination and myelin repair. Here, we discuss recent findings elucidating signaling modalities that astrocytes acquire or lose in MS and how these changes alter the interactions of astrocytes with other nervous system cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Colón Ortiz
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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34
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Skeyni A, Pradignac A, Matz RL, Terrand J, Boucher P. Cholesterol trafficking, lysosomal function, and atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C473-C486. [PMID: 38145298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00415.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Despite years of study and major research advances over the past 50 years, atherosclerotic diseases continue to rank as the leading global cause of death. Accumulation of cholesterol within the vascular wall remains the main problem and represents one of the early steps in the development of atherosclerotic lesions. There is a complex relationship between vesicular cholesterol transport and atherosclerosis, and abnormalities in cholesterol trafficking can contribute to the development and progression of the lesions. The dysregulation of vesicular cholesterol transport and lysosomal function fosters the buildup of cholesterol within various intracytoplasmic compartments, including lysosomes and lipid droplets. This, in turn, promotes the hallmark formation of foam cells, a defining feature of early atherosclerosis. Multiple cellular processes, encompassing endocytosis, exocytosis, intracellular trafficking, and autophagy, play crucial roles in influencing foam cell formation and atherosclerotic plaque stability. In this review, we highlight recent advances in the understanding of the intricate mechanisms of vesicular cholesterol transport and its relationship with atherosclerosis and discuss the importance of understanding these mechanisms in developing strategies to prevent or treat this prevalent cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Skeyni
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain Pradignac
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Rachel L Matz
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jérôme Terrand
- UMR-S INSERM 1109, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Ancău M, Tanti GK, Butenschoen VM, Gempt J, Yakushev I, Nekolla S, Mühlau M, Scheunemann C, Heininger S, Löwe B, Löwe E, Baer S, Fischer J, Reiser J, Ayachit SS, Liesche-Starnecker F, Schlegel J, Matiasek K, Schifferer M, Kirschke JS, Misgeld T, Lueth T, Hemmer B. Validating a minipig model of reversible cerebral demyelination using human diagnostic modalities and electron microscopy. EBioMedicine 2024; 100:104982. [PMID: 38306899 PMCID: PMC10850420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.104982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, such as multiple sclerosis, are significant sources of morbidity in young adults despite therapeutic advances. Current murine models of remyelination have limited applicability due to the low white matter content of their brains, which restricts the spatial resolution of diagnostic imaging. Large animal models might be more suitable but pose significant technological, ethical and logistical challenges. METHODS We induced targeted cerebral demyelinating lesions by serially repeated injections of lysophosphatidylcholine in the minipig brain. Lesions were amenable to follow-up using the same clinical imaging modalities (3T magnetic resonance imaging, 11C-PIB positron emission tomography) and standard histopathology protocols as for human diagnostics (myelin, glia and neuronal cell markers), as well as electron microscopy (EM), to compare against biopsy data from two patients. FINDINGS We demonstrate controlled, clinically unapparent, reversible and multimodally trackable brain white matter demyelination in a large animal model. De-/remyelination dynamics were slower than reported for rodent models and paralleled by a degree of secondary axonal pathology. Regression modelling of ultrastructural parameters (g-ratio, axon thickness) predicted EM features of cerebral de- and remyelination in human data. INTERPRETATION We validated our minipig model of demyelinating brain diseases by employing human diagnostic tools and comparing it with biopsy data from patients with cerebral demyelination. FUNDING This work was supported by the DFG under Germany's Excellence Strategy within the framework of the Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 2145 SyNergy, ID 390857198) and TRR 274/1 2020, 408885537 (projects B03 and Z01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ancău
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Goutam Kumar Tanti
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vicki Marie Butenschoen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Gempt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Igor Yakushev
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Nekolla
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Mühlau
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Scheunemann
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Sebastian Heininger
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Benjamin Löwe
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Erik Löwe
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Silke Baer
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Fischer
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Judith Reiser
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sai S Ayachit
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Liesche-Starnecker
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany; Medical Faculty, Institute of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Schlegel
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, Technical University of Munich School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Kaspar Matiasek
- Clinical and Comparative Neuropathology, Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Schifferer
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan S Kirschke
- Department of Neuroradiology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Misgeld
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Lueth
- Institute of Micro Technology and Medical Device Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany; Ergosurg GmbH, Ismaning, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hemmer
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
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Liu Y, Tan Y, Zhang Z, Yi M, Zhu L, Peng W. The interaction between ageing and Alzheimer's disease: insights from the hallmarks of ageing. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38254235 PMCID: PMC10804662 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00397-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is a crucial risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is characterised by systemic changes in both intracellular and extracellular microenvironments that affect the entire body instead of a single organ. Understanding the specific mechanisms underlying the role of ageing in disease development can facilitate the treatment of ageing-related diseases, such as AD. Signs of brain ageing have been observed in both AD patients and animal models. Alleviating the pathological changes caused by brain ageing can dramatically ameliorate the amyloid beta- and tau-induced neuropathological and memory impairments, indicating that ageing plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process of AD. In this review, we summarize the impact of several age-related factors on AD and propose that preventing pathological changes caused by brain ageing is a promising strategy for improving cognitive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yejun Tan
- School of Mathematics, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Lemei Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, 410219, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Changsha, 410011, People's Republic of China.
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Tian D, You X, Ye J, Chen G, Yu H, Lv J, Shan F, Liang C, Bi Y, Jing J, Zheng M. hBcl2 overexpression in BMSCs enhances resistance to myelin debris-induced apoptosis and facilitates neuroprotection after spinal cord injury in rats. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1830. [PMID: 38246980 PMCID: PMC10800342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), the accumulation of myelin debris at the lesion exacerbates cell death and hinders axonal regeneration. Transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proven to be beneficial for SCI repair, but they are susceptible to apoptosis. It remains unclear whether this apoptotic process is influenced by myelin debris. Here, we constructed rat BMSCs overexpressing human B-cell lymphoma 2 (hBcl2) alone (hBcl2 group), BMSCs overexpressing hBcl2 with an endoplasmic reticulum-anchored segment (hBcl2-cb) (cb group), and a negative control group (NC group) for transplantation in this study. Immunocytochemistry staining validated the successful expression of hBcl2 in BMSCs within the hBcl2 group and cb group. All BMSCs from each group exhibited the ability to phagocytize myelin debris. Nevertheless, only BMSCs derived from the hBcl2 group exhibited heightened resistance to apoptosis and maintained prolonged viability for up to 5 days when exposed to myelin debris. Notably, overexpression of hBcl2 protein, rather than its endoplasmic reticulum-anchored counterpart, significantly enhanced the resistance of BMSCs against myelin debris-induced apoptosis. This process appeared to be associated with the efficient degradation of myelin debris through the Lamp1+ lysosomal pathway in the hBcl2 group. In vivo, the hBcl2 group exhibited significantly higher numbers of surviving cells and fewer apoptotic BMSCs compared to the cb and NC groups following transplantation. Furthermore, the hBcl2 group displayed reduced GFAP+ glial scarring and greater preservation of NF200+ axons in the lesions of SCI rats. Our results suggest that myelin debris triggers apoptosis in transplanted BMSCs, potentially elucidating the low survival rate of these cells after SCI. Consequently, the survival rate of transplanted BMSCs is improved by hBcl2 overexpression, leading to enhanced preservation of axons within the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasheng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Xingyu You
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianan Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jianwei Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Fangli Shan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yihui Bi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Juehua Jing
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Meige Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Hagen KM, Gordon P, Frederick A, Palmer AL, Edalat P, Zonta YR, Scott L, Flancia M, Reid JK, Joel M, Ousman SS. CRYAB plays a role in terminating the presence of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the older, injured mouse peripheral nervous system. Neurobiol Aging 2024; 133:1-15. [PMID: 38381471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that dysfunction of older Schwann cells and macrophages contributes to poor regeneration of more mature peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons after damage. Since the underlying molecular factors are largely unknown, we investigated if CRYAB, a small heat shock protein that is expressed by Schwann cells and axons and whose expression declines with age, impacts prominent deficits in the injured, older PNS including down-regulation of cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme genes, Schwann cell dysfunction, and macrophage persistence. Following sciatic nerve transection injury in 3- and 12-month-old wildtype and CRYAB knockout mice, we found by bulk RNA sequencing and RT-PCR, that while gene expression of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes is markedly dysregulated in the aging, injured PNS, CRYAB is not involved. However, immunohistochemical staining of crushed sciatic nerves revealed that more macrophages of the pro-inflammatory but not immunosuppressive phenotype persisted in damaged 12-month-old knockout nerves. These pro-inflammatory macrophages were more efficient at engulfing myelin debris. CRYAB thus appears to play a role in resolving pro-inflammatory macrophage responses after damage to the older PNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Margaret Hagen
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Gordon
- Cumming School of Medicine Centre for Health Genomics and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ariana Frederick
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexandra Louise Palmer
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pariya Edalat
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yohan Ricci Zonta
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas Scott
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Melissa Flancia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Kelsey Reid
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Joel
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shalina Sheryl Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Wouters F, van der Hilst J, Bogie J. Lipids in inflammasome activation and autoinflammatory disorders. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1-11. [PMID: 37871669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Autoinflammatory diseases (AIDs) are a group of rare monogenetic disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of fever and systemic inflammation. A major pathologic hallmark of AIDs is excessive inflammasome assembly and activation, often the result of gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding core inflammasome components, including pyrin and cryopyrin. Recent advances in lipidomics have revealed that dysregulated metabolism of lipids such as cholesterol and fatty acids, especially in innate immune cells, exerts complex effects on inflammasome activation and the pathogenesis of AIDs. In this review, we summarize and discuss the impact of lipids and their metabolism on inflammasome activation and the disease pathogenesis of the most common AIDs, including familial Mediterranean fever, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes, and mevalonate kinase deficiency. We postulate that lipids hold diagnostic value in AIDs and that dietary and pharmacologic intervention studies could represent a promising approach to attenuate inflammasome activation and AID progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Jeroen van der Hilst
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immune Pathology, Jessa General Hospital and Limburg Clinical Research Center, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium; University MS Center Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium.
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40
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Zhang R, Dong Y, Liu Y, Moezzi D, Ghorbani S, Mirzaei R, Lozinski BM, Dunn JF, Yong VW, Xue M. Enhanced liver X receptor signalling reduces brain injury and promotes tissue regeneration following experimental intracerebral haemorrhage: roles of microglia/macrophages. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2023; 8:486-502. [PMID: 37137522 PMCID: PMC10800269 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation-exacerbated secondary brain injury and limited tissue regeneration are barriers to favourable prognosis after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). As a regulator of inflammation and lipid metabolism, Liver X receptor (LXR) has the potential to alter microglia/macrophage (M/M) phenotype, and assist tissue repair by promoting cholesterol efflux and recycling from phagocytes. To support potential clinical translation, the benefits of enhanced LXR signalling are examined in experimental ICH. METHODS Collagenase-induced ICH mice were treated with the LXR agonist GW3965 or vehicle. Behavioural tests were conducted at multiple time points. Lesion and haematoma volume, and other brain parameters were assessed using multimodal MRI with T2-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI sequences. The fixed brain cryosections were stained and confocal microscopy was applied to detect LXR downstream genes, M/M phenotype, lipid/cholesterol-laden phagocytes, oligodendrocyte lineage cells and neural stem cells. Western blot and real-time qPCR were also used. CX3CR1CreER: Rosa26iDTR mice were employed for M/M-depletion experiments. RESULTS GW3965 treatment reduced lesion volume and white matter injury, and promoted haematoma clearance. Treated mice upregulated LXR downstream genes including ABCA1 and Apolipoprotein E, and had reduced density of M/M that apparently shifted from proinflammatory interleukin-1β+ to Arginase1+CD206+ regulatory phenotype. Fewer cholesterol crystal or myelin debris-laden phagocytes were observed in GW3965 mice. LXR activation increased the number of Olig2+PDGFRα+ precursors and Olig2+CC1+ mature oligodendrocytes in perihaematomal regions, and elevated SOX2+ or nestin+ neural stem cells in lesion and subventricular zone. MRI results supported better lesion recovery by GW3965, and this was corroborated by return to pre-ICH values of functional rotarod activity. The therapeutic effects of GW3965 were abrogated by M/M depletion in CX3CR1CreER: Rosa26iDTR mice. CONCLUSIONS LXR agonism using GW3965 reduced brain injury, promoted beneficial properties of M/M and facilitated tissue repair correspondent with enhanced cholesterol recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyi Zhang
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, & Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dorsa Moezzi
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Samira Ghorbani
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reza Mirzaei
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brian M Lozinski
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeff F Dunn
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mengzhou Xue
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Baaklini CS, Ho MFS, Lange T, Hammond BP, Panda SP, Zirngibl M, Zia S, Himmelsbach K, Rana H, Phillips B, Antoszko D, Ibanga J, Lopez M, Lee KV, Keough MB, Caprariello AV, Kerr BJ, Plemel JR. Microglia promote remyelination independent of their role in clearing myelin debris. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113574. [PMID: 38100356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease characterized by myelin loss. While therapies exist to slow MS progression, no treatment currently exists for remyelination. Remyelination, linked to reduced disability in MS, relies on microglia and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). This study aims to understand the role of microglia during remyelination by lineage tracing and depleting them. Microglial lineage tracing reveals that both microglia and MDMs initially accumulate, but microglia later dominate the lesion. Microglia and MDMs engulf equal amounts of inhibitory myelin debris, but after microglial depletion, MDMs compensate by engulfing more myelin debris. Microglial depletion does, however, reduce the recruitment and proliferation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and impairs their subsequent differentiation and remyelination. These findings underscore the essential role of microglia during remyelination and offer insights for enhancing this process by understanding microglial regulation of remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charbel S Baaklini
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Madelene F S Ho
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Tristan Lange
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Brady P Hammond
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sharmistha P Panda
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Martin Zirngibl
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Sameera Zia
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kassandre Himmelsbach
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Heli Rana
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Braxton Phillips
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Daria Antoszko
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jeremies Ibanga
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Mizuki Lopez
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Kelly V Lee
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Michael B Keough
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Andrew V Caprariello
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Jason R Plemel
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Shima T, Ogura M, Matsuda R, Nakamura S, Jin N, Yoshimori T, Kuma A. The TMEM192-mKeima probe specifically assays lysophagy and reveals its initial steps. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202204048. [PMID: 37801070 PMCID: PMC10558291 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202204048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane rupture of lysosomes results in leakage of their contents, which is harmful to cells. Recent studies have reported that several systems contribute to the repair or elimination of damaged lysosomes. Lysophagy is a type of selective autophagy that plays a crucial role in the lysosomal damage response. Because multiple pathways are involved in this response, an assay that specifically evaluates lysophagy is needed. Here, we developed the TMEM192-mKeima probe to evaluate lysophagy. By comparing the use of this probe with the conventional galectin-3 assay, we showed that this probe is more specific to lysophagy. Using TMEM192-mKeima, we showed that TFEB and p62 are important for the lysosomal damage response but not for lysophagy, although they have previously been considered to be involved in lysophagy. We further investigated the initial steps in lysophagy and identified UBE2L3, UBE2N, TRIM10, 16, and 27 as factors involved in it. Our results demonstrate that the TMEM192-mKeima probe is a useful tool for investigating lysophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Shima
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Monami Ogura
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ruriko Matsuda
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuhei Nakamura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsuko Jin
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiko Kuma
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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43
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Chen K, Wang M, Long D, Zou D, Li X, Wang R, Wang Y, Yang L. Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteomic Profiles in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3879-3892. [PMID: 37966014 PMCID: PMC10696610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic mechanism of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) remains unclear. Herein, we aimed to seek the hub proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which display significant changes between the PHN and nonpainful patients (Control). First, the proteomic results showed that compared with the Control-CSF, there were 100 upregulated and 50 downregulated differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the PHN-CSF. Besides, functional analyses including gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that biological processes and pathways including complement activation, infection, coagulation, and lipid metabolism were activated, while synaptic organization was suppressed. Next, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis indicated that increased PLG, F2, APOA1, APOA2, SERPINC1, and KNG1 and reduced APOE, which were all enriched in the top pathways according to the KEGG analysis, were defined as hub proteins. Finally, three of the hub proteins, such as PLG, APOA1, and APOE, were reconfirmed in a larger cohort using both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting methods. Above all, the results indicated that PLG, APOA1, and APOE and their involved processes such as infection, inflammation, cholesterol metabolism, and coagulation shall be potential therapeutic approaches. (The raw mass spectrometry proteome data and search results have been deposited to the iProx-integrated Proteome Resources (http://www.iprox.cn) with the data set identifier IPX0007372000.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dongju Long
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Dingquan Zou
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ruixuan Wang
- Bourns
Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department
of Pain Management, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department
of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital,
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Clinical
Research Center for Pain Medicine in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan
Province Center for Clinical Anesthesia and Anesthesiology, Research Institute of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
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44
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Hu ZL, Yuan YQ, Tong Z, Liao MQ, Yuan SL, Jian Y, Yang JL, Liu WF. Reexamining the Causes and Effects of Cholesterol Deposition in the Brains of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6852-6868. [PMID: 37507575 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03529-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Numerous studies have shown that imbalances in cholesterol homeostasis in the brains of AD patients precede the onset of clinical symptoms. In addition, cholesterol deposition has been observed in the brains of AD patients even though peripheral cholesterol does not enter the brain through the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). Studies have demonstrated that cholesterol metabolism in the brain is associated with many pathological conditions, such as amyloid beta (Aβ) production, Tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and inflammation. In 2022, some scholars put forward a new hypothesis of AD: the disease involves lipid invasion and its exacerbation of the abnormal metabolism of cholesterol in the brain. In this review, by discussing the latest research progress, the causes and effects of cholesterol retention in the brains of AD patients are analyzed and discussed. Additionally, the possible mechanism through which AD may be improved by targeting cholesterol is described. Finally, we propose that improving the impairments in cholesterol removal observed in the brains of AD patients, instead of further reducing the already impaired cholesterol synthesis in the brain, may be the key to preventing cholesterol deposition and improving the corresponding pathological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Lin Hu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Yang-Qi Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Zhen Tong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Mei-Qing Liao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Shun-Ling Yuan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Ye Jian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Jia-Lun Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China
| | - Wen-Feng Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Sports Rehabilitation, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410012, China.
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
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45
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Adeniyi PA, Gong X, MacGregor E, Degener-O’Brien K, McClendon E, Garcia M, Romero O, Russell J, Srivastava T, Miller J, Keene CD, Back SA. Ferroptosis of Microglia in Aging Human White Matter Injury. Ann Neurol 2023; 94:1048-1066. [PMID: 37605362 PMCID: PMC10840747 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Because the role of white matter (WM) degenerating microglia (DM) in remyelination failure is unclear, we sought to define the core features of this novel population of aging human microglia. METHODS We analyzed postmortem human brain tissue to define a population of DM in aging WM lesions. We used immunofluorescence staining and gene expression analysis to investigate molecular mechanisms related to the degeneration of DM. RESULTS We found that DM, which accumulated myelin debris were selectively enriched in the iron-binding protein light chain ferritin, and accumulated PLIN2-labeled lipid droplets. DM displayed lipid peroxidation injury and enhanced expression for TOM20, a mitochondrial translocase, and a sensor of oxidative stress. DM also displayed enhanced expression of the DNA fragmentation marker phospho-histone H2A.X. We identified a unique set of ferroptosis-related genes involving iron-mediated lipid dysmetabolism and oxidative stress that were preferentially expressed in WM injury relative to gray matter neurodegeneration. INTERPRETATION Ferroptosis appears to be a major mechanism of WM injury in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. WM DM are a novel therapeutic target to potentially reduce the impact of WM injury and myelin loss on the progression of cognitive impairment. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:1048-1066.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A. Adeniyi
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Xi Gong
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ellie MacGregor
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Kiera Degener-O’Brien
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Evelyn McClendon
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Mariel Garcia
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Oscar Romero
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joshua Russell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Taasin Srivastava
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeremy Miller
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen A. Back
- Departments of Pediatrics and, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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46
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Olmedillas M, Brawek B, Li K, Richter C, Garaschuk O. Plaque vicinity as a hotspot of microglial turnover in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Glia 2023; 71:2884-2901. [PMID: 37596829 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the major immune cells of the brain, are functionally heterogeneous but in vivo functional properties of these cells are rarely studied at single-cell resolution. By using microRNA-9 regulated viral vectors for multicolor labeling and longitudinal in vivo monitoring of individual microglia, we followed their fate in the cortex of healthy adult mice and at the onset of amyloidosis in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. In wild-type mice, microglia were rather mobile (16% of the cells migrated at least once in 10-20 days) but had a low turnover as documented by low division and death rates. Half of the migratory events were tightly associated with blood vessels. Surprisingly, basic migration properties of microglia (i.e., fraction of migrating cells, saltatory migration pattern, speed of migration, translocation distance, and strong association with blood vessels) were preserved in amyloid-depositing brains, despite amyloid plaques becoming the major destination of migration. Besides, amyloid deposition significantly increased microglial division and death rates. Moreover, the plaque vicinity became a hotspot of microglial turnover, harboring 33% of all migration, 70% of death and 54% of division events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Olmedillas
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Brawek
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kaizhen Li
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cris Richter
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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47
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Vanherle S, Guns J, Loix M, Mingneau F, Dierckx T, Wouters F, Kuipers K, Vangansewinkel T, Wolfs E, Lins PP, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I, Dehairs J, Swinnen JV, Verberk SGS, Haidar M, Hendriks JJA, Bogie JFJ. Extracellular vesicle-associated cholesterol supports the regenerative functions of macrophages in the brain. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12394. [PMID: 38124258 PMCID: PMC10733568 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play major roles in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders, being involved in seemingly opposing processes such as lesion progression and resolution. Yet, the molecular mechanisms that drive their harmful and benign effector functions remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by repair-associated macrophages (RAMs) enhance remyelination ex vivo and in vivo by promoting the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Guided by lipidomic analysis and applying cholesterol depletion and enrichment strategies, we find that EVs released by RAMs show markedly elevated cholesterol levels and that cholesterol abundance controls their reparative impact on OPC maturation and remyelination. Mechanistically, EV-associated cholesterol was found to promote OPC differentiation predominantly through direct membrane fusion. Collectively, our findings highlight that EVs are essential for cholesterol trafficking in the brain and that changes in cholesterol abundance support the reparative impact of EVs released by macrophages in the brain, potentially having broad implications for therapeutic strategies aimed at promoting repair in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Vanherle
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jeroen Guns
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Melanie Loix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Fleur Mingneau
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Tess Dierckx
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Flore Wouters
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Koen Kuipers
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Tim Vangansewinkel
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- VIB, Center for Brain & Disease Research, Laboratory of NeurobiologyUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Esther Wolfs
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Paula Pincela Lins
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- Health DepartmentFlemish Institute for Technological ResearchMolBelgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardio and Organs Systems, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
| | - Jonas Dehairs
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Johannes V. Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, Leuven Cancer InstituteUniversity of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Sanne G. S. Verberk
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Mansour Haidar
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jerome J. A. Hendriks
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
| | - Jeroen F. J. Bogie
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research InstituteHasselt UniversityDiepenbeekBelgium
- University MS Center HasseltPeltBelgium
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Villoria-González A, Zierfuss B, Parzer P, Heuböck E, Zujovic V, Waidhofer-Söllner P, Ponleitner M, Rommer P, Göpfert J, Forss-Petter S, Berger J, Weinhofer I. Efficacy of HDAC Inhibitors in Driving Peroxisomal β-Oxidation and Immune Responses in Human Macrophages: Implications for Neuroinflammatory Disorders. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1696. [PMID: 38136568 PMCID: PMC10741867 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of saturated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in cell membranes and secreted lipoparticles have been associated with neurotoxicity and, therefore, require tight regulation. Excessive VLCFAs are imported into peroxisomes for degradation by β-oxidation. Impaired VLCFA catabolism due to primary or secondary peroxisomal alterations is featured in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders such as X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy and multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we identified that healthy human macrophages upregulate the peroxisomal genes involved in β-oxidation during myelin phagocytosis and pro-inflammatory activation, and that this response is impaired in peripheral macrophages and phagocytes in brain white matter lesions in MS patients. The pharmacological targeting of VLCFA metabolism and peroxisomes in innate immune cells could be favorable in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We previously identified the epigenetic histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors entinostat and vorinostat to enhance VLCFA degradation and pro-regenerative macrophage polarization. However, adverse side effects currently limit their use in chronic neuroinflammation. Here, we focused on tefinostat, a monocyte/macrophage-selective HDAC inhibitor that has shown reduced toxicity in clinical trials. By using a gene expression analysis, peroxisomal β-oxidation assay, and live imaging of primary human macrophages, we assessed the efficacy of tefinostat in modulating VLCFA metabolism, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and immune function. Our results revealed the significant stimulation of VLCFA degradation with the upregulation of genes involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation and interference with immune cell recruitment; however, tefinostat was less potent than the class I HDAC-selective inhibitor entinostat in promoting a regenerative macrophage phenotype. Further research is needed to fully explore the potential of class I HDAC inhibition and downstream targets in the context of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Villoria-González
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.)
| | - Bettina Zierfuss
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Patricia Parzer
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.)
| | - Elisabeth Heuböck
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.)
| | - Violetta Zujovic
- Institut du Cerveau—Paris Brain Institute—ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, Hôpital Pitié Salpétrière—University Hospital, Sorbonne University, DMU Neuroscience 6, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Petra Waidhofer-Söllner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T Cell Activation, Institute of Immunology Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Ponleitner
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paulus Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jens Göpfert
- Department of Pharma and Biotech, NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sonja Forss-Petter
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.)
| | - Johannes Berger
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.)
| | - Isabelle Weinhofer
- Department of Pathobiology of the Nervous System, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.V.-G.)
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49
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Li L, Li D, Sun D, Zhang X, Lei W, Wu M, Huang Q, Nian X, Dai W, Lu X, Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Xiao Y, Zhang L, Mo W, Liu Z, Zhang L. Nuclear import carrier Hikeshi cooperates with HSP70 to promote murine oligodendrocyte differentiation and CNS myelination. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2275-2291.e6. [PMID: 37865085 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of factors in nucleocytoplasmic transport is closely linked to neural developmental diseases. Mutation in Hikeshi, encoding a nonconventional nuclear import carrier of heat shock protein 70 family (HSP70s), leads to inherited leukodystrophy; however, the pathological mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we showed that Hikeshi is essential for central nervous system (CNS) myelination. Deficiency of Hikeshi, which is observed in inherited leukodystrophy patients, resulted in murine oligodendrocyte maturation arrest. Hikeshi is required for nuclear translocation of HSP70s upon differentiation. Nuclear-localized HSP70 promotes murine oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination after white matter injury. Mechanistically, HSP70s interacted with SOX10 in the nucleus and protected it from E3 ligase FBXW7-mediated ubiquitination degradation. Importantly, we discovered that Hikeshi-dependent hyperthermia therapy, which induces nuclear import of HSP70s, promoted oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination following in vivo demyelinating injury. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Hikeshi-mediated nuclear translocation of HSP70s is essential for myelinogenesis and provide insights into pathological mechanisms of Hikeshi-related leukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Daopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Di Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wanying Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Mei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ximing Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yanqin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Yunshan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Clinic Laboratory, The Affiliated Chenggong Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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50
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Pang XW, Chu YH, Zhou LQ, Chen M, You YF, Tang Y, Yang S, Zhang H, Xiao J, Deng G, Wang W, Shang K, Qin C, Tian DS. Trem2 deficiency attenuates microglial phagocytosis and autophagic-lysosomal activation in white matter hypoperfusion. J Neurochem 2023; 167:489-504. [PMID: 37823326 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion leads to sustained demyelination and a unique response of microglia. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2), which is expressed exclusively on microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), plays an essential role in microglial response in various CNS disorders. However, the specific role of Trem2 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the specific role of Trem2 in a mouse model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). Our results showed that chronic hypoperfusion induced white matter demyelination, microglial phagocytosis, and activation of the microglial autophagic-lysosomal pathway, accompanied by an increase in Trem2 expression. After Trem2 knockout, we observed attenuation of white matter lesions and microglial response. Trem2 deficiency also suppressed microglial phagocytosis and relieved activation of the autophagic-lysosomal pathway, leading to microglial polarization towards anti-inflammatory and homeostatic phenotypes. Furthermore, Trem2 knockout inhibited lipid droplet accumulation in microglia in vitro. Collectively, these findings suggest that Trem2 deficiency ameliorated microglial phagocytosis and autophagic-lysosomal activation in hypoperfusion-induced white matter injury, and could be a promising target for the treatment of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Pang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Hui Chu
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Luo-Qi Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Chen
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun-Fan You
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Tang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dai-Shi Tian
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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