1
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Lai C, Zhan J, Chai Q, Wang C, Yang X, He H, Huang B, Pan X. Dissolved carbon in biochar: Exploring its chemistry, iron complexing capability, toxicity in natural redox environment. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:217-229. [PMID: 39003041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water. However, the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied. Here, the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied. It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances. The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light, respectively. The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0∼57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6 ∼65.2 mmol/gC, and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from 49.7∼97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1 ∼113.3 mmol/gC. Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution and microalgae growth were also investigated. The complexing Fe3+ was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution. Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC, the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions. Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth, which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis. The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juhong Zhan
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Qiuyun Chai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Changlu Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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2
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Mayot N, Buitenhuis ET, Wright RM, Hauck J, Bakker DCE, Le Quéré C. Constraining the trend in the ocean CO 2 sink during 2000-2022. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8429. [PMID: 39341849 PMCID: PMC11438992 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52641-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The ocean will ultimately store most of the CO2 emitted to the atmosphere by human activities. Despite its importance, estimates of the 2000-2022 trend in the ocean CO2 sink differ by a factor of two between observation-based products and process-based models. Here we address this discrepancy using a hybrid approach that preserves the consistency of known processes but constrains the outcome using observations. We show that the hybrid approach reproduces the stagnation of the ocean CO2 sink in the 1990s and its reinvigoration in the 2000s suggested by observation-based products and matches their amplitude. It suggests that process-based models underestimate the amplitude of the decadal variability in the ocean CO2 sink, but that observation-based products on average overestimate the decadal trend in the 2010s. The hybrid approach constrains the 2000-2022 trend in the ocean CO2 sink to 0.42 ± 0.06 Pg C yr-1 decade-1, and by inference the total land CO2 sink to 0.28 ± 0.13 Pg C yr-1 decade-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Mayot
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Erik T Buitenhuis
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rebecca M Wright
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Judith Hauck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Corinne Le Quéré
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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3
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Huang R, Zhang P, Zhang X, Chen S, Sun J, Jiang X, Zhang D, Li H, Yi X, Qu L, Wang T, Gao K, Hall-Spencer JM, Adams J, Gao G, Lin X. Ocean acidification alters microeukaryotic and bacterial food web interactions in a eutrophic subtropical mesocosm. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 257:119084. [PMID: 38823617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is known to influence biological and ecological processes, mainly focusing on its impacts on single species, but little has been documented on how OA may alter plankton community interactions. Here, we conducted a mesocosm experiment with ambient (∼410 ppmv) and high (1000 ppmv) CO2 concentrations in a subtropical eutrophic region of the East China Sea and examined the community dynamics of microeukaryotes, bacterioplankton and microeukaryote-attached bacteria in the enclosed coastal seawater. The OA treatment with elevated CO2 affected taxa as the phytoplankton bloom stages progressed, with a 72.89% decrease in relative abundance of the protist Cercozoa on day 10 and a 322% increase in relative abundance of Stramenopile dominated by diatoms, accompanied by a 29.54% decrease in relative abundance of attached Alphaproteobacteria on day 28. Our study revealed that protozoans with different prey preferences had differing sensitivity to high CO2, and attached bacteria were more significantly affected by high CO2 compared to bacterioplankton. Our findings indicate that high CO2 changed the co-occurrence network complexity and stability of microeukaryotes more than those of bacteria. Furthermore, high CO2 was found to alter the proportions of potential interactions between phytoplankton and their predators, as well as microeukaryotes and their attached bacteria in the networks. The changes in the relative abundances and interactions of microeukaryotes between their predators in response to high CO2 revealed in our study suggest that high CO2 may have profound impacts on marine food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China
| | - Shouchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiazhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiangqi Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liming Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jason M Hall-Spencer
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025, Japan; School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jonathan Adams
- School of Geography and Oceanography, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Xiamen City Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Xiamen, China.
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4
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Wang Z, Cao Z, Liu Z, Zhai W, Luo Y, Lin Y, Roberts E, Gan J, Dai M. Pacific Ocean-originated anthropogenic carbon and its long-term variations in the South China Sea. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn9171. [PMID: 39270023 PMCID: PMC11397484 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn9171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Coastal oceans, traditionally seen as a conduit for transporting atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2)-derived anthropogenic carbon (CANT) to open oceans, exhibit complex carbon exchanges at their interface. South China Sea (SCS) exemplifies this complexity, where interactions with the Pacific, particularly through Kuroshio intrusion, challenge the understanding of CANT source and variability in a coastal ocean. Contrary to prevailing paradigm expectations, our high-resolution, long-term data reveal that CANT in the SCS primarily originates from Pacific water injection across the Luzon Strait rather than atmospheric CO2 invasion. Over the past two decades, the SCS has experienced increasing CANT levels, with notable interannual fluctuations driven by El Niño and La Niña events influencing Kuroshio intrusion, generating anomalously high and low CANT inventories, respectively. This highlights an overlooked CANT transport pathway from open to coastal oceans, responsible for cumulative ocean acidification that has already affected coral reefs enriched in the SCS located west of the Coral Triangle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhimian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weidong Zhai
- Frontier Research Center, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| | - Yaohua Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Elliott Roberts
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianping Gan
- Department of Ocean Science and Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minhan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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5
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Hung CC, Hsieh HH, Chou WC, Liu EC, Chow CH, Chang Y, Lee TM, Santschi PH, Ranatunga RRMKP, Bacosa HP, Shih YY. Assessing CO 2 sources and sinks in and around Taiwan: Implication for achieving regional carbon neutrality by 2050. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 206:116664. [PMID: 38986397 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Taiwan has pledged to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, but the current extent of carbon sinks in Taiwan remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to first review the existing nature-based carbon sinks on land and in the oceans around Taiwan. Subsequently, we suggest potential strategies to reduce CO2 emissions and propose carbon dioxide removal methods (CDRs). The natural carbon sinks by forests, sediments, and oceans in and around Taiwan are approximately 21.5, 42.1, and 96.8 Mt-CO2 y-1, respectively, which is significantly less than Taiwan's CO2 emissions (280 Mt-CO2 y-1). Taiwan must consider decarbonization strategies like using electric vehicles, renewable energy, and hydrogen energy by formulating enabling policies. Besides more precisely assessing both terrestrial and marine carbon sinks, Taiwan should develop novel CDRs such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage, afforestation, reforestation, biochar, seaweed cultivation, and ocean alkalinity enhancement, to reach carbon neutrality by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC; Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsueh-Han Hsieh
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Chen Chou
- Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan, ROC; Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung 944401, Taiwan, ROC
| | - En-Chi Liu
- Department of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chun Hoe Chow
- Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi Chang
- Graduate Institute of Marine Affairs, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tse-Min Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Peter Hans Santschi
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, TX 77553, USA
| | - R R M K P Ranatunga
- Center for Marine Science and Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Hernando P Bacosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, the Philippines
| | - Yung-Yen Shih
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Applied Science, R.O.C. Naval Academy, Kaohsiung 81345, Taiwan, ROC.
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6
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Zhou J, Zheng Y, Hou L, Qi L, Mao T, Yin G, Liu M. Nitrogen input modulates the effects of coastal acidification on nitrification and associated N 2O emission. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 261:122041. [PMID: 38972235 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Acidification of coastal waters, synergistically driven by increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and intensive land-derived nutrient inputs, exerts significant stresses on the biogeochemical cycles of coastal ecosystem. However, the combined effects of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) inputs and aquatic acidification on nitrification, a critical process of N cycling, remains unclear in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Here, we showed that increased loading of ammonium (NH4+) in estuarine and coastal waters alleviated the inhibitory effect of acidification on nitrification rates but intensified the production of the potent greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), thus accelerating global climate change. Metatranscriptomes and natural N2O isotopic signatures further suggested that the enhanced emission of N2O may mainly source from hydroxylamine (NH2OH) oxidation rather than from nitrite (NO2-) reduction pathway of nitrifying microbes. This study elucidates how anthropogenic N inputs regulate the effects of coastal acidification on nitrification and associated N2O emissions, thereby enhancing our ability to predict the feedbacks of estuarine and coastal ecosystems to climate change and human perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China; State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Lin Qi
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Tieqiang Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200241, China
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7
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Spingys CP, Garabato ACN, Belal M. Optical fibre sensing of turbulent-frequency motions in the oceanic environment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20276. [PMID: 39217186 PMCID: PMC11365927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70720-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Observations of turbulence in the oceanic environment are sparse, with very few cases of coherent measurements with significant spatio-temporal extent due primarily to limitations of current observational tools. Here we propose submarine cables with embedded optical fibres as a potential solution to fill this observational gap, and utilise a recent 12-h observational optical fibre data set from a fast-flowing tidal channel to demonstrate such potential. Firstly, the presence of turbulent-scale signals driven by flow-topography interaction is shown at frequencies of 1 Hz and higher. These signals are consistent with the timing of the tidal flow as recorded by a nearby conventional sensor. Secondly, we show the presence of surface gravity waves with periods of 10 s, which are tight in frequency space further offshore but leak energy into the turbulent frequency range on parts of the cable closer to shore. This is compatible with shoreward-propagating surface waves that break in shallow water. Finally, we fit a theoretical spectral structure to the observations to show that much of the collected data (i) has a spectral slope that is consistent with the turbulent inertial subrange, and (ii) has a range of spectral energy consistent with that expected from turbulence generation by bottom drag acting on the tidal flow. In combination, these results highlight the potential for optical fibre sensing of turbulence, and call for a targeted experiment to characterise the fibre's turbulence-sensing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl P Spingys
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK.
| | | | - Mohammad Belal
- National Oceanography Centre, European Way, Southampton, UK
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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8
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Azevedo CC, González-Dávila M, Santana-Casiano JM, González-Santana D, Caldeira RMA. Impact of sampling depth on CO 2 flux estimates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18476. [PMID: 39122772 PMCID: PMC11316035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The exchange of trace gases between the atmosphere and the ocean plays a key role in the Earth's climate. Fluxes at the air-sea interface are affected mainly by wind blowing over the ocean and seawater temperature and salinity changes. This study aimed to quantify the use of CO2 partial pressure (pCO2 ) measurements at different depths (1, 5, and 10 m) in ocean surface layers to determine CO2 fluxes (FCO2 ) and to investigate the impacts of wind-sheltered and wind-exposed regions on the carbon budget. Vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, and pCO2 were considered during a daily cycle. pCO2 profiles exhibited relatively high values during sunny hours, associated with relatively high sea temperatures. However, the largest FCO2 corresponded with higher wind speeds. Estimated fluxes between measurements at 1 and 10 m depths decreased by 71% in the sheltered region and 44% in the exposed region. According to the SOCAT dataset, at a depth of 5 m, the Atlantic basin emits approximately 0.29 Tg month- 1 of CO2 to the atmosphere; nevertheless, our estimates suggest that FCO2 at the surface is 12.02 Tg month- 1 , which is 97.6% greater than that at 5 m depth. Therefore, future studies should consider sampling depth to adequately estimate the FCO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia C Azevedo
- Dom Luiz Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, ARDITI, Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Melchor González-Dávila
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - J Magdalena Santana-Casiano
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - David González-Santana
- Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global, IOCAG, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Rui M A Caldeira
- Dom Luiz Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, ARDITI, Funchal, Portugal
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9
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Li X, Wu Z, Ouyang Z, Cai WJ. The source and accumulation of anthropogenic carbon in the U.S. East Coast. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl3169. [PMID: 39121231 PMCID: PMC11313966 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
The ocean has absorbed anthropogenic carbon dioxide (Canthro) from the atmosphere and played an important role in mitigating global warming. However, how much Canthro is accumulated in coastal oceans and where it comes from have rarely been addressed with observational data. Here, we use a high-quality carbonate dataset (1996-2018) in the U.S. East Coast to address these questions. Our work shows that the offshore slope waters have the highest Canthro accumulation changes (ΔCanthro) consistent with water mass age and properties. From offshore to nearshore, ΔCanthro decreases with salinity to near zero in the subsurface, indicating no net increase in the export of Canthro from estuaries and wetlands. Excesses over the conservative mixing baseline also reveal an uptake of Canthro from the atmosphere within the shelf. Our analysis suggests that the continental shelf exports most of its absorbed Canthro from the atmosphere to the open ocean and acts as an essential pathway for global ocean Canthro storage and acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhangxian Ouyang
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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10
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Chen XL, Wu J, Wang JL, Liu XM, Mei H, Xu Y. Dual-nodes bridged cobalt-modified Keggin-type polyoxometalate-based chains for highly efficient CO 2 photoconversion. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12943-12950. [PMID: 39049578 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The design of efficient catalysts for photocatalytic CO2 conversion is of great importance for the sustainable development of society. Herein, three polyoxometalate (POM)-based crystalline materials were formulated prepared by substituting transition metals and adjusting solvent acidity with 2-(2-pyridyl) benzimidazole (pyim) as the light-trapping ligand, namely {[SiW12O40][Co(pyim)2]2}·2C2H5OH (SiW12Co2), {[SiW12O40][Ni(pyim)2]2}·2C2H5OH (SiW12Ni2), and {[SiW12O40][Mn(pyim)2]2}·2C2H5OH (SiW12Mn2). X-ray crystallography diffraction analysis indicates that the three complexes exhibit isostructural properties, and form a stable one-dimensional chain structure stabilized by two [M(pyim)2]22+ (M = Co, Ni, and Mn) fragments serving as dual-nodes to the adjacent SiW12 units. A comprehensive analysis of the structural characterization and photocatalytic CO2 reduction properties is presented. Under light irradiation, SiW12Co2 exhibited a remarkable CO generation rate of 10 733 μmol g-1 h-1 with a turnover number of 328, outperforming most of the reported heterogeneous POM-based photocatalysts. Besides, cycling tests revealed that SiW12Co2 is an efficient and stable photocatalyst with great recyclability for at least four successive runs. This study proves that the successful incorporation of diverse transition metals into the POM anion could facilitate the development of highly efficient photocatalysts for the CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lian Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Lei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao-Mei Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China.
| | - Hua Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, P. R. China.
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Jin S, Fu Y, Jie K, Dai H, Luo YJ, Ye L, Zhou C, Xu W. High-Entropy Lanthanide-Organic Framework as an Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Cycloaddition of CO 2 with Epoxides and Knoevenagel Condensation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400756. [PMID: 38727558 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
Multimetallic synergistic effects have the potential to improve CO2 cycloesterification and Knoevenagel reaction processes, outperforming monometallic MOFs. The results demonstrate superior performance in these processes. To investigate this, we created and characterized a selection of single-component Ln(III)-MOFs (Ln=Eu, Tb, Gd, Dy, Ho) and high-entropy lanthanide-organic framework (HE-LnMOF) using solvent-thermal conditions. The experiments revealed that HE-LnMOF exhibited heightened catalytic efficiency in CO2 cycloesterification and Knoevenagel reactions compared to single-component Ln(III) MOFs. Moreover, the HE-LnMOF displayed significant stability, maintaining their structural integrity after five cycles while sustaining elevated conversion and selectivity rates. The feasible mechanisms of catalytic reactions were also discussed. HE-LnMOF possess multiple unsaturated metal centers, acting as Lewis acid sites, with oxygen atoms connecting the metal, and hydroxyl groups on the ligand serving as base sites. This study introduces a novel method for synthesizing HE-LnMOF and presents a fresh application of HE-LnMOF for converting CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Jin
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Yu Fu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Kecheng Jie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023
| | - Huan Dai
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Yun Jie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Liang Ye
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Chaohui Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Resource Recycling of Ningbo University -, Ningbo Shuangneng Environmental Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211
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12
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Saraswat R, Fathima R, Salman M, Suokhrie T, Saalim SM. Decoupling of carbon burial from productivity in the northeast Indian Ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174587. [PMID: 38986710 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial climate parameter as it has far-reaching implications on global temperature. The oceans are a significant sink for CO2. Biologically mediated carbon sequestration, in the form of both inorganic (CaCO3) and organic carbon (Corg), and its subsequent burial in marine sediments play a vital role in regulating atmospheric CO2. Understanding the distribution of carbon in marine sediments under different environments can help predict the fate of excess CO2 in the future. We studied the factors affecting the basin scale variation in carbon burial in the climatically sensitive northeast Indian Ocean, by using the data [CaCO3, Corg, Corg/Nitrogen, and isotopic ratio (δ13C, δ15N) of organic carbon] from a total of 718 surface sediments. The entire continental shelf and slope contain <10 % CaCO3. The highest CaCO3 is in the deepest parts of the central northeast Indian Ocean, away from the mouth of major river systems. Despite of the high productivity, the low Corg on the continental shelf is attributed to the well-oxygenated coarse-grained sediments. The lowest Corg is found in the well-oxygenated deeper central northeast Indian Ocean. Interestingly, the highest total carbon is in the deeper central and equatorial regions, far away from the highly productive marginal marine regions. Our study reveals that the grain size, terrigenous dilution, dissolved oxygen, and water masses strongly influence carbon accumulation in the northeast Indian Ocean, with only secondary influence of the productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Saraswat
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India.
| | - Rinu Fathima
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India; School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Mohd Salman
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India; School of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Goa University, Goa, India
| | - Thejasino Suokhrie
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India
| | - S M Saalim
- Micropaleontology Laboratory, National Institute of Oceanography, Goa, India; Department of Geology, Patna University, Bihar, India
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13
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Maas AE, Lawson GL, Bergan AJ, Wang ZA, Tarrant AM. Sea butterflies in a pickle: reliable biomarkers and seasonal sensitivity of Limacina retroversa to ocean acidification in the Gulf of Maine. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae040. [PMID: 38915852 PMCID: PMC11194183 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The passive dissolution of anthropogenically produced CO2 into the ocean system is reducing ocean pH and changing a suite of chemical equilibria, with negative consequences for some marine organisms, in particular those that bear calcium carbonate shells. Although our monitoring of these chemical changes has improved, we have not developed effective tools to translate observations, which are typically of the pH and carbonate saturation state, into ecologically relevant predictions of biological risks. One potential solution is to develop bioindicators: biological variables with a clear relationship to environmental risk factors that can be used for assessment and management. Thecosomatous pteropods are a group of pelagic shelled marine gastropods, whose biological responses to CO2 have been suggested as potential bioindicators of ocean acidification owing to their sensitivity to acidification in both the laboratory and the natural environment. Using five CO2 exposure experiments, occurring across four seasons and running for up to 15 days, we describe a consistent relationship between saturation state, shell transparency and duration of exposure, as well as identify a suite of genes that could be used for biological monitoring with further study. We clarify variations in thecosome responses due to seasonality, resolving prior uncertainties and demonstrating the range of their phenotypic plasticity. These biomarkers of acidification stress can be implemented into ecosystem models and monitoring programmes in regions where pteropods are found, whilst the approach will serve as an example for other regions on how to bridge the gap between point-based chemical monitoring and biologically relevant assessments of ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Maas
- Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, School of Ocean Futures, Arizona State University, 17 Biological Station, St. George’s GE01, Bermuda
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Gareth L Lawson
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
- Conservation Law Foundation, 62 Summer St, Boston, MA 02110, USA
| | - Alexander J Bergan
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Zhaohui Aleck Wang
- Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| | - Ann M Tarrant
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
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14
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Helgoe J, Davy SK, Weis VM, Rodriguez-Lanetty M. Triggers, cascades, and endpoints: connecting the dots of coral bleaching mechanisms. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:715-752. [PMID: 38217089 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The intracellular coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis is the engine that underpins the success of coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. However, the breakdown of the symbiosis and the loss of the microalgal symbiont (i.e. coral bleaching) due to environmental changes are resulting in the rapid degradation of coral reefs globally. There is an urgent need to understand the cellular physiology of coral bleaching at the mechanistic level to help develop solutions to mitigate the coral reef crisis. Here, at an unprecedented scope, we present novel models that integrate putative mechanisms of coral bleaching within a common framework according to the triggers (initiators of bleaching, e.g. heat, cold, light stress, hypoxia, hyposalinity), cascades (cellular pathways, e.g. photoinhibition, unfolded protein response, nitric oxide), and endpoints (mechanisms of symbiont loss, e.g. apoptosis, necrosis, exocytosis/vomocytosis). The models are supported by direct evidence from cnidarian systems, and indirectly through comparative evolutionary analyses from non-cnidarian systems. With this approach, new putative mechanisms have been established within and between cascades initiated by different bleaching triggers. In particular, the models provide new insights into the poorly understood connections between bleaching cascades and endpoints and highlight the role of a new mechanism of symbiont loss, i.e. 'symbiolysosomal digestion', which is different from symbiophagy. This review also increases the approachability of bleaching physiology for specialists and non-specialists by mapping the vast landscape of bleaching mechanisms in an atlas of comprehensible and detailed mechanistic models. We then discuss major knowledge gaps and how future research may improve the understanding of the connections between the diverse cascade of cellular pathways and the mechanisms of symbiont loss (endpoints).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Helgoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon K Davy
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Virginia M Weis
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, 2701 SW Campus Way, 2403 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Mauricio Rodriguez-Lanetty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE 167, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, USA
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15
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Cui D, Zou W, Wu B, Jiao R, Zhang S, Zhao T, Zhan Y, Chang Y. Interactive effects of chronic ocean acidification and warming on the growth, survival, and physiological responses of adults of the temperate sea urchin Strongylocentrotusintermedius. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141907. [PMID: 38588896 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the interactive effects of chronic ocean acidification and warming (OAW) on the growth, survival, and physiological responses of sea urchins, adults of the temperate sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius were incubated separately/jointly in acidic (ΔpHNBS = -0.5 units) and thermal (ΔT = +3.0 °C) seawater for 120 days under lab-controlled conditions based on the projected ocean pH and temperature for 2100 put forward by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Survival rate (SR), average food consumption rate (FCR), gut index (GuI), specific growth rate (SGR), digestive capability, energy production, and antioxidant capability were subsequently determined. The results showed that 1) the SR, FCR, GuI and SGR decreased sharply under OAW conditions. Significant interactive effects of OAW on SR and SGR were observed at 120 days post-incubation (dpi), and on FCR this occurred at 90 dpi. 2) OAW altered the activities of both digestive and antioxidant enzymes. There were significant interaction effects of OAW on the activities of amylase, trehalase, and superoxide dismutase. 3) The relative gene expression levels and activities of key enzymes involved in glycometabolism pathways (i.e., glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle) were significantly affected by OAW, resulting in an alteration of the total ATP content in the sea urchins. Interaction effects of OAW were observed in both relative gene expression and the activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis (hexokinase), the transformation of glycolysis end-products (lactate dehydrogenase), the tricarboxylic acid cycle (citrate synthetase), and ATP production (Na+/K+-ATPase). The data from this study will enrich our knowledge concerning the combined effects of global climate change on the survival, growth, and physiological responses of echinoderms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyao Cui
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China; College of Biological Science and Technology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110866, PR China
| | - Wenjing Zou
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Boqiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Renhe Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China
| | - Tanjun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China; College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China.
| | - Yaqing Chang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, PR China.
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16
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Shaw WJ, Kidder MK, Bare SR, Delferro M, Morris JR, Toma FM, Senanayake SD, Autrey T, Biddinger EJ, Boettcher S, Bowden ME, Britt PF, Brown RC, Bullock RM, Chen JG, Daniel C, Dorhout PK, Efroymson RA, Gaffney KJ, Gagliardi L, Harper AS, Heldebrant DJ, Luca OR, Lyubovsky M, Male JL, Miller DJ, Prozorov T, Rallo R, Rana R, Rioux RM, Sadow AD, Schaidle JA, Schulte LA, Tarpeh WA, Vlachos DG, Vogt BD, Weber RS, Yang JY, Arenholz E, Helms BA, Huang W, Jordahl JL, Karakaya C, Kian KC, Kothandaraman J, Lercher J, Liu P, Malhotra D, Mueller KT, O'Brien CP, Palomino RM, Qi L, Rodriguez JA, Rousseau R, Russell JC, Sarazen ML, Sholl DS, Smith EA, Stevens MB, Surendranath Y, Tassone CJ, Tran B, Tumas W, Walton KS. A US perspective on closing the carbon cycle to defossilize difficult-to-electrify segments of our economy. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:376-400. [PMID: 38693313 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00587-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrification to reduce or eliminate greenhouse gas emissions is essential to mitigate climate change. However, a substantial portion of our manufacturing and transportation infrastructure will be difficult to electrify and/or will continue to use carbon as a key component, including areas in aviation, heavy-duty and marine transportation, and the chemical industry. In this Roadmap, we explore how multidisciplinary approaches will enable us to close the carbon cycle and create a circular economy by defossilizing these difficult-to-electrify areas and those that will continue to need carbon. We discuss two approaches for this: developing carbon alternatives and improving our ability to reuse carbon, enabled by separations. Furthermore, we posit that co-design and use-driven fundamental science are essential to reach aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Shaw
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | | | - Simon R Bare
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.
| | | | | | - Francesca M Toma
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Functional Materials for Sustainability, Helmholtz Zentrum Hereon, Teltow, Brandenburg, Germany.
| | | | - Tom Autrey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Shannon Boettcher
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Robert C Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Jingguang G Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Peter K Dorhout
- Vice President for Research, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron S Harper
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - David J Heldebrant
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Oana R Luca
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Jonathan L Male
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Robert Rallo
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Rachita Rana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Robert M Rioux
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Aaron D Sadow
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Lisa A Schulte
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - William A Tarpeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dionisios G Vlachos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Bryan D Vogt
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Robert S Weber
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Elke Arenholz
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brett A Helms
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Wenyu Huang
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James L Jordahl
- Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Kourosh Cyrus Kian
- Independent consultant, Washington DC, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA
| | | | - Johannes Lercher
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ping Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | | | - Karl T Mueller
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Casey P O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Long Qi
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Jake C Russell
- Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy, Department of Energy, Washington DC, USA
| | - Michele L Sarazen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | - Emily A Smith
- Ames National Laboratory, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Yogesh Surendranath
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ba Tran
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - William Tumas
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Krista S Walton
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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17
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Li X, Qi M, Li Q, Wu B, Fu Y, Liang X, Yin G, Zheng Y, Dong H, Liu M, Hou L. Acidification Offset Warming-Induced Increase in N 2O Production in Estuarine and Coastal Sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4989-5002. [PMID: 38442002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Global warming and acidification, induced by a substantial increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions, are expected to have profound impacts on biogeochemical cycles. However, underlying mechanisms of nitrous oxide (N2O) production in estuarine and coastal sediments remain rarely constrained under warming and acidification. Here, the responses of sediment N2O production pathways to warming and acidification were examined using a series of anoxic incubation experiments. Denitrification and N2O production were largely stimulated by the warming, while N2O production decreased under the acidification as well as the denitrification rate and electron transfer efficiency. Compared to warming alone, the combination of warming and acidification decreased N2O production by 26 ± 4%, which was mainly attributed to the decline of the N2O yield by fungal denitrification. Fungal denitrification was mainly responsible for N2O production under the warming condition, while bacterial denitrification predominated N2O production under the acidification condition. The reduced site preference of N2O under acidification reflects that the dominant pathways of N2O production were likely shifted from fungal to bacterial denitrification. In addition, acidification decreased the diversity and abundance of nirS-type denitrifiers, which were the keystone taxa mediating the low N2O production. Collectively, acidification can decrease sediment N2O yield through shifting the responsible production pathways, partly counteracting the warming-induced increase in N2O emissions, further reducing the positive climate warming feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mengting Qi
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qiuxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Boshuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuxuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongpo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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18
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Asselot R, Carracedo LI, Thierry V, Mercier H, Bajon R, Pérez FF. Anthropogenic carbon pathways towards the North Atlantic interior revealed by Argo-O 2, neural networks and back-calculations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1630. [PMID: 38388482 PMCID: PMC10884407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) is a region of high anthropogenic CO2 (Cant) storage per unit area. Although the average Cant distribution is well documented in this region, the Cant pathways towards the ocean interior remain largely unresolved. We used observations from three Argo-O2 floats spanning 2013-2018 within the SPNA, combined with existing neural networks and back-calculations, to determine the Cant evolution along the float pathways from a quasi-lagrangian perspective. Our results show that Cant follows a stepwise deepening along its way through the SPNA. The upper subtropical waters have a stratified Cant distribution that homogenizes within the winter mixed layer by Subpolar Mode Water formation in the Iceland Basin. In the Irminger and Labrador Basins, the high-Cant footprint (> 55 μmol kg-1) is mixed down to 1400 and 1800 dbar, respectively, by deep winter convection. As a result, the maximum Cant concentration is diluted (<45 μmol kg-1). Our study highlights the role of water mass transformation as a first-order mechanism for Cant penetration into the ocean. It also demonstrates the potential of Argo-O2 observations, combined with existing methods, to obtain reliable Cant estimates, opening ways to study the oceanic Cant content at high spatio-temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Asselot
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Spatial and Physical Oceanography (LOPS), 29280, Plouzané, France.
| | - Lidia I Carracedo
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Spatial and Physical Oceanography (LOPS), 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Virginie Thierry
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Spatial and Physical Oceanography (LOPS), 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Herlé Mercier
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Spatial and Physical Oceanography (LOPS), 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Raphaël Bajon
- University of Brest, Ifremer, CNRS, IRD, Laboratory of Spatial and Physical Oceanography (LOPS), 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Fiz F Pérez
- Institute of Marine Investigations (IIM, CSIC), 6 Eduardo Cabello Street, 36208, Vigo, Spain
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19
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Yang M, Tan L, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. The solubility product controls the rate of calcite dissolution in pure water and seawater. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2464-2472. [PMID: 38362434 PMCID: PMC10866361 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantification of calcite dissolution underpins climate and oceanographic modelling. We report the factors controlling the rate at which individual crystals of calcite dissolved. Clear, generic criteria based on the change of calcite particle dimensions measured microscopically with time are established to indicate if dissolution occurs under kinetic or thermodynamic control. The dissolution of calcite crystals into water is unambiguously revealed to be under thermodynamic control such that the rate at which the crystal dissolved is controlled by the rate of diffusion of ions from a saturated surface layer adjacent to the calcite surface. As such the dissolution rate is controlled by the true stoichiometric solubility product which is inferred from the microscopic measurement as a function of the concentration of NaCl. Comparison with accepted literature values shows that the role of ion pairing at high ionic strengths as in seawater, specifically that of CaCO3 and other ion pairs, exerts a significant influence since these equilibria control the amount of dissolved calcium and carbonate ions in the later of solution immediately adjacent to the solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Yang
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Ling Tan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | | | - Richard G Compton
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
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20
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Jin Y, Keeling RF, Stephens BB, Long MC, Patra PK, Rödenbeck C, Morgan EJ, Kort EA, Sweeney C. Improved atmospheric constraints on Southern Ocean CO 2 exchange. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309333121. [PMID: 38289951 PMCID: PMC10861854 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309333121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
We present improved estimates of air-sea CO2 exchange over three latitude bands of the Southern Ocean using atmospheric CO2 measurements from global airborne campaigns and an atmospheric 4-box inverse model based on a mass-indexed isentropic coordinate (Mθe). These flux estimates show two features not clearly resolved in previous estimates based on inverting surface CO2 measurements: a weak winter-time outgassing in the polar region and a sharp phase transition of the seasonal flux cycles between polar/subpolar and subtropical regions. The estimates suggest much stronger summer-time uptake in the polar/subpolar regions than estimates derived through neural-network interpolation of pCO2 data obtained with profiling floats but somewhat weaker uptake than a recent study by Long et al. [Science 374, 1275-1280 (2021)], who used the same airborne data and multiple atmospheric transport models (ATMs) to constrain surface fluxes. Our study also uses moist static energy (MSE) budgets from reanalyses to show that most ATMs tend to have excessive diabatic mixing (transport across moist isentrope, θe, or Mθe surfaces) at high southern latitudes in the austral summer, which leads to biases in estimates of air-sea CO2 exchange. Furthermore, we show that the MSE-based constraint is consistent with an independent constraint on atmospheric mixing based on combining airborne and surface CO2 observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Jin
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Ralph F. Keeling
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Britton B. Stephens
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO80307
| | - Matthew C. Long
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO80307
| | - Prabir K. Patra
- Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama236-0001, Japan
| | | | - Eric J. Morgan
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92093
| | - Eric A. Kort
- Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI48109
| | - Colm Sweeney
- Global Monitoring Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO80309
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21
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Shetye S, Kurian S, Shenoy D, Gauns M, Pratihary A, Shirodkar G, Naik H, Fernandes M, Vidya P, Nandakumar K, Shaikh A. Contrasting patterns in pH variability in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15271-15288. [PMID: 38289549 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Continuous understanding of the ongoing ocean acidification (OA) is essential for predicting the future impact of OA on marine ecosystems. Here we report the results of open ocean time-series measurements (19 cruises) of seawater pH in total hydrogen ion scale (pHT) and associated parameters in the Arabian Sea (AS) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB). During southwest monsoon (SWM), the pHT within the 30 to 100 m water column shows the maximum difference between the two basins with BoB pHT being lower (up to ~0.39 units) than AS which could be due to freshwater influx from rivers, mixed layer dynamics, and cold-core eddies. However, during Spring inter-monsoon (SIM), the pHT of BoB follows the trend of AS. A contrasting finding is that the lowest pHT occurs at 350 to 500 m in the BoB while it is ~1000 m in the AS. The pHT within the 150 to 1500 m layer of these two basins shows lower values by 0.03 (±0.02) in the BoB as compared to the AS. The possible reasons for the low pHT within the BoB oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) could be due to intrusion of western Pacific water in the BoB, freshwater influx from rivers, variations in OMZ of the two basins, higher temperature (~2°C) within the OMZ of the AS, and denitrification in the AS. The pHT in both the basins (500 to 1000 m) is lower than in the North Atlantic and higher than in the North Pacific waters; however, the pHT in the 200 to 500 m is lower in the BoB than in all these basins. This study highlights the under-saturation of calcium carbonate at very shallow depths (~ 100 m) in the BoB, indicating that the plankton in the BoB are facing a major risk from OA compared to the AS and need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhas Shetye
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India.
| | - Siby Kurian
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Damodar Shenoy
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Mangesh Gauns
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Anil Pratihary
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Gayatri Shirodkar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Hema Naik
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Michelle Fernandes
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Pottekkatt Vidya
- National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (NCPOR), Ministry of Earth Sciences, Headland Sada, Goa, 403 804, India
| | - Kuniyil Nandakumar
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
| | - Adnan Shaikh
- CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403 004, India
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22
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Gray AR. The Four-Dimensional Carbon Cycle of the Southern Ocean. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:163-190. [PMID: 37738480 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-041923-104057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean plays a fundamental role in the global carbon cycle, dominating the oceanic uptake of heat and carbon added by anthropogenic activities and modulating atmospheric carbon concentrations in past, present, and future climates. However, the remote and extreme conditions found there make the Southern Ocean perpetually one of the most difficult places on the planet to observe and to model, resulting in significant and persistent uncertainties in our knowledge of the oceanic carbon cycle there. The flow of carbon in the Southern Ocean is traditionally understood using a zonal mean framework, in which the meridional overturning circulation drives the latitudinal variability observed in both air-sea flux and interior ocean carbon concentration. However, recent advances, based largely on expanded observation and modeling capabilities in the region, reveal the importance of processes acting at smaller scales, including basin-scale zonal asymmetries in mixed-layer depth, mesoscale eddies, and high-frequency atmospheric variability. Assessing the current state of knowledge and remaining gaps emphasizes the need to move beyond the zonal mean picture and embrace a four-dimensional understanding of the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison R Gray
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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23
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Li CL, Han L, Zhai WD, Qi D, Wang XC, Lin HM, Zheng LW. Storage and redistribution of anthropogenic CO 2 in the western North Pacific: The role of subtropical mode water transportation. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:103-112. [PMID: 38933835 PMCID: PMC11197630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Oceanic uptake and storage of anthropogenic CO2 (CANT) are regulated by ocean circulation and ventilation. To decipher the storage and redistribution of CANT in the western North Pacific, where a major CANT sink develops, we investigated the water column carbonate system, dissolved inorganic radiocarbon and ancillary parameters in May and August 2018, spanning the Kuroshio Extension (KE, 35-39 °N), Kuroshio Recirculation (KR, 27-35 °N) and subtropical (21-27 °N) zones. Water column CANT inventories were estimated to be 40.5 ± 1.1 mol m-2 in the KR zone and 37.2 ± 0.9 mol m-2 in the subtropical zone. In comparison with historical data obtained in 2005, relatively high rates of increase of the CANT inventory of 1.05 ± 0.20 and 1.03 ± 0.12 mol m-2 yr-1 in the recent decade were obtained in the KR and subtropical zones, respectively. Our water-mass-based analyses suggest that formation and transport of subtropical mode water dominate the deep penetration, storage, and redistribution of CANT in those two regions. In the KE zone, however, both the water column CANT inventory and the decadal CANT accumulation rate were small and uncertain owing to the dynamic hydrology, where the naturally uplifting isopycnal surfaces make CANT penetration relatively shallow. The findings of this study improve the understanding of the spatiotemporal variations of CANT distribution, storage, and transport in the western North Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-long Li
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Lei Han
- China-ASEAN College of Marine Science and Technology, Xiamen University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei-dong Zhai
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Di Qi
- Polar and Marine Research Institute, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xu-chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Hong-mei Lin
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li-wen Zheng
- Weihai Institute of Marine Ecology and Economy Research, Weihai 264400, China
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24
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Kang HC, Jeong HJ, Ok JH, Lim AS, Lee K, You JH, Park SA, Eom SH, Lee SY, Lee KH, Jang SH, Yoo YD, Lee MJ, Kim KY. Food web structure for high carbon retention in marine plankton communities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadk0842. [PMID: 38100582 PMCID: PMC10848704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Total annual net primary productions in marine and terrestrial ecosystems are similar. However, a large portion of the newly produced marine phytoplankton biomass is converted to carbon dioxide because of predation. Which food web structure retains high carbon biomass in the plankton community in the global ocean? In 6954 individual samples or locations containing phytoplankton, unicellular protozooplankton, and multicellular metazooplankton in the global ocean, phytoplankton-dominated bottom-heavy pyramids held higher carbon biomass than protozooplankton-dominated middle-heavy diamonds or metazooplankton-dominated top-heavy inverted pyramids. Bottom-heavy pyramids predominated, but the high predation impact by protozooplankton on phytoplankton or the vertical migration of metazooplankton temporarily changed bottom-heavy pyramids to middle-heavy diamonds or top-heavy inverted pyramids but returned to bottom-heavy pyramids shortly. This finding has profound implications for carbon retention by plankton communities in the global ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Chang Kang
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hae Jin Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ok
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - An Suk Lim
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Kitack Lee
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Ji Hyun You
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sang Ah Park
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Se Hee Eom
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung Ha Lee
- Food and Nutrition Tech, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon 16495, South Korea
| | - Se Hyeon Jang
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Yeong Du Yoo
- Department of Oceanography, Kunsan National University, Kunsan 54150, South Korea
| | - Moo Joon Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Anyang University, Incheon 23038, South Korea
| | - Kwang Young Kim
- Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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25
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Servetto N, Ruiz MB, Martínez M, Harms L, de Aranzamendi MC, Alurralde G, Giménez D, Abele D, Held C, Sahade R. Molecular responses to ocean acidification in an Antarctic bivalve and an ascidian. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166577. [PMID: 37633374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Southern Ocean organisms are considered particularly vulnerable to Ocean acidification (OA), as they inhabit cold waters where calcite-aragonite saturation states are naturally low. It is also generally assumed that OA would affect calcifying animals more than non-calcifying animals. In this context, we aimed to study the impact of reduced pH on both types of species: the ascidian Cnemidocarpa verrucosa sp. A, and the bivalve Aequiyoldia eightsii, from an Antarctic fjord. We used gene expression profiling and enzyme activity to study the responses of these two Antarctic benthic species to OA. We report the results of an experiment lasting 66 days, comparing the molecular mechanisms underlying responses under two pCO2 treatments (ambient and elevated pCO2). We observed 224 up-regulated and 111 down-regulated genes (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.05) in the ascidian. In particular, the decrease in pH caused an upregulation of genes involved in the immune system and antioxidant response. While fewer differentially expressed (DE) genes were observed in the infaunal bivalve, 34 genes were up-regulated, and 69 genes were downregulated (FC ≥ 2; p-value ≤ 0.05) in response to OA. We found downregulated genes involved in the oxidoreductase pathway (such as glucose dehydrogenase and trimethyl lysine dioxygenase), while the heat shock protein 70 was up-regulated. This work addresses the effect of OA in two common, widely distributed Antarctic species, showing striking results. Our major finding highlights the impact of OA on the non-calcifying species, a result that differ from the general trend, which describes a higher impact on calcifying species. This calls for discussion of potential effects on non-calcifying species, such as ascidians, a diverse and abundant group that form extended three-dimensional clusters in shallow waters and shelf areas in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Servetto
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - M B Ruiz
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - M Martínez
- Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - L Harms
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M C de Aranzamendi
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G Alurralde
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden; Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission HELCOM, Helsinki FI-00160, Finland
| | - D Giménez
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Abele
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - C Held
- Alfred Wegener Institute - Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen, 12 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - R Sahade
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES-IDEA), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA), Ecosistemas Marinos Polares (ECOMARES), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, X5000JJC Córdoba, Argentina.
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26
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Chen S, Meng Y, Lin S, Yu Y, Xi J. Estimation of sea surface nitrate from space: Current status and future potential. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165690. [PMID: 37487888 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Sea surface nitrate (SSN) plays an important role in assessing phytoplankton growth and new production in the ocean. Field sampling of SSN data is important, but limited by data quantity both spatially and temporally. Satellite remote sensing can contribute through providing spatial and temporal data to such assessments. During the past 30 years many studies have been published focusing on SSN retrievals from satellites to a greater or less extent. In this study, we reviewed the progresses of SSN estimation from satellites in both open ocean and coastal waters. Because of the lack of electromagnetic properties of SSN, satellite retrievals of SSN were most realized by developing relationships between SSN and related environmental variables (e.g., sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, sea surface salinity), using traditional empirical regressions and novel machine learning techniques. We synthesized most of the peer-reviewed studies for both open and coastal oceans, in terms of study areas, model inputs, regression formulas, and model uncertainties. In general, regional SSN algorithms were most developed in coastal oceans with upwelling or river discharges. The published SSN algorithms had varying uncertainties with a wide range of 0.83-6.87 μmol/L, and the uncertainties were significantly reduced in recent studies, with more field measurements available and better understanding of the physical and biogeochemical processes in driving nitrate dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China.
| | - Yu Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Sheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jingyuan Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
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27
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Lampe RH, Coale TH, Forsch KO, Jabre LJ, Kekuewa S, Bertrand EM, Horák A, Oborník M, Rabines AJ, Rowland E, Zheng H, Andersson AJ, Barbeau KA, Allen AE. Short-term acidification promotes diverse iron acquisition and conservation mechanisms in upwelling-associated phytoplankton. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7215. [PMID: 37940668 PMCID: PMC10632500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coastal upwelling regions are among the most productive marine ecosystems but may be threatened by amplified ocean acidification. Increased acidification is hypothesized to reduce iron bioavailability for phytoplankton thereby expanding iron limitation and impacting primary production. Here we show from community to molecular levels that phytoplankton in an upwelling region respond to short-term acidification exposure with iron uptake pathways and strategies that reduce cellular iron demand. A combined physiological and multi-omics approach was applied to trace metal clean incubations that introduced 1200 ppm CO2 for up to four days. Although variable, molecular-level responses indicate a prioritization of iron uptake pathways that are less hindered by acidification and reductions in iron utilization. Growth, nutrient uptake, and community compositions remained largely unaffected suggesting that these mechanisms may confer short-term resistance to acidification; however, we speculate that cellular iron demand is only temporarily satisfied, and longer-term acidification exposure without increased iron inputs may result in increased iron stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Lampe
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tyler H Coale
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kiefer O Forsch
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Loay J Jabre
- Department of Biology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Samuel Kekuewa
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Erin M Bertrand
- Department of Biology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Aleš Horák
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, CZ, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, CZ, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Oborník
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05, České Budějovice, CZ, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05, České Budějovice, CZ, Czechia
| | - Ariel J Rabines
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Elden Rowland
- Department of Biology and Institute for Comparative Genomics, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Hong Zheng
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andreas J Andersson
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Katherine A Barbeau
- Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Andrew E Allen
- Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Microbial and Environmental Genomics, J. Craig Venter Institute, 4120 Capricorn Lane, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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28
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Wang P, Meng Q, Xue L, Zhao Y, Qiao H, Hu H, Wei Q, Xin M, Ran X, Han C, Zhou F, Liu C. Preliminary assessment of carbonic acid dissociation constants: Insights from observations in China's east coastal oceans. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106219. [PMID: 37848362 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Based on observations in China's east coastal oceans, we conducted a preliminary assessment of 16 sets of carbonic acid dissociation constants (K1* and K2*) by comparing spectrophotometrically measured pH values at 25 °C with those calculated from total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon. We obtained that K1* and K2* often performed differently within different salinity ranges, and that the constants of Millero et al. (2002) (M02) demonstrated the best performance for the salinity range of 24-35. In contrast, the often recommended constants of Mehrbach et al. (1973) refit by Dickson and Millero (1987) (DM87-M) and Lucker et al. (2000) (L00) would underestimate pH at salinities of 24-30. This was mainly associated with the higher product of K1* and K2* by DM87-M and L00 than by M02 at this salinity range. Also, we found almost no differences between pH values calculated with DM87-M and L00.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Engineering Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Qicheng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Observation and Research Station of Yangtze River Delta Marine Ecosystems, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhoushan, China
| | - Liang Xue
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China.
| | - Yuhang Zhao
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Hao Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Engineering Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - He Hu
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Qinsheng Wei
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Ming Xin
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Xiangbin Ran
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266061, China
| | - Chenhua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Observation and Research Station of Yangtze River Delta Marine Ecosystems, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhoushan, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; Observation and Research Station of Yangtze River Delta Marine Ecosystems, Ministry of Natural Resources, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Engineering Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
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29
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Li Z, England MH, Groeskamp S. Recent acceleration in global ocean heat accumulation by mode and intermediate waters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6888. [PMID: 37898610 PMCID: PMC10613216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The ocean absorbs >90% of anthropogenic heat in the Earth system, moderating global atmospheric warming. However, it remains unclear how this heat uptake is distributed by basin and across water masses. Here we analyze historical and recent observations to show that ocean heat uptake has accelerated dramatically since the 1990s, nearly doubling during 2010-2020 relative to 1990-2000. Of the total ocean heat uptake over the Argo era 2005-2020, about 89% can be found in global mode and intermediate water layers, spanning both hemispheres and both subtropical and subpolar mode waters. Due to anthropogenic warming, there are significant changes in the volume of these water-mass layers as they warm and freshen. After factoring out volumetric changes, the combined warming of these layers accounts for ~76% of global ocean warming. We further decompose these water-mass layers into regional water masses over the subtropical Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and in the Southern Ocean. This shows that regional mode and intermediate waters are responsible for a disproportionate fraction of total heat uptake compared to their volume, with important implications for understanding ongoing ocean warming, sea-level rise, and climate impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Matthew H England
- Australian Centre for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sjoerd Groeskamp
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Department of Ocean Systems, 1790 AB, Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands
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30
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Devlin SW, Jamnuch S, Xu Q, Chen AA, Qian J, Pascal TA, Saykally RJ. Agglomeration Drives the Reversed Fractionation of Aqueous Carbonate and Bicarbonate at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22384-22393. [PMID: 37774115 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In the course of our investigations of the adsorption of ions to the air-water interface, we previously reported the surprising result that doubly charged carbonate anions exhibit a stronger surface affinity than singly charged bicarbonate anions. In contrast to monovalent, weakly hydrated anions, which generally show enhanced concentrations in the interfacial region, multivalent (and strongly hydrated) anions are expected to show a much weaker surface propensity. In the present work, we use resonantly enhanced deep-UV second-harmonic generation spectroscopy to measure the Gibbs free energy of adsorption of both carbonate (CO32-) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) anions to the air-water interface. Contrasting the predictions of classical electrostatic theory and in support of our previous findings from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we find that carbonate anions do indeed exhibit much stronger surface affinity than do the bicarbonate anions. Extensive computer simulations reveal that strong ion pairing of CO32- with the Na+ countercation in the interfacial region results in the formation of near-neutral agglomerate clusters, consistent with a theory of interfacial ion adsorption based on hydration free energy and capillary waves. Simulated X-ray photoelectron spectra predict a 1 eV shift in the carbonate spectra compared to that of bicarbonate, further confirming our experiments. These findings not only advance our fundamental understanding of ion adsorption chemistry but also impact important practical processes such as ocean acidification, sea-spray aerosol chemistry, and mammalian respiration physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane W Devlin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sasawat Jamnuch
- ATLAS Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Nano Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
| | - Qiang Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amanda A Chen
- ATLAS Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Nano Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
| | - Jin Qian
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tod A Pascal
- ATLAS Materials Science Laboratory, Department of Nano Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
- Sustainable Power and Energy Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92023, United States
| | - Richard J Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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31
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Chen TW, Chen SM, Anushya G, Kannan R, G. Al-Sehemi A, Alargarsamy S, Gajendran P, Ramachandran R. Development of Different Kinds of Electrocatalyst for the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Reactions: An Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:7016. [PMID: 37894499 PMCID: PMC10609525 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in the development of CO2 reduction processes for applications such as electrosynthesis, energy storage, and environmental remediation. Several materials have demonstrated great potential in achieving high activity and selectivity for the desired reduction products. Nevertheless, these advancements have primarily been limited to small-scale laboratory settings, and the considerable technical obstacles associated with large-scale CO2 reduction have not received sufficient attention. Many of the researchers have been faced with persistent challenges in the catalytic process, primarily stemming from the low Faraday efficiency, high overpotential, and low limiting current density observed in the production of the desired target product. The highlighted materials possess the capability to transform CO2 into various oxygenates, including ethanol, methanol, and formates, as well as hydrocarbons such as methane and ethane. A comprehensive summary of the recent research progress on these discussed types of electrocatalysts is provided, highlighting the detailed examination of their electrocatalytic activity enhancement strategies. This serves as a valuable reference for the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts with different orientations. This review encompasses the latest developments in catalyst materials and cell designs, presenting the leading materials utilized for the conversion of CO2 into various valuable products. Corresponding designs of cells and reactors are also included to provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Ganesan Anushya
- Department of Physics, St. Joseph College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Chennai 602 117, India;
| | - Ramanujam Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Kumara Gurupara Swamigal Arts College (Affiliated to Manomaniam Sundaranar University), Srivaikuntam, Thoothukudi 628 619, India;
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saranvignesh Alargarsamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan;
| | - Pandi Gajendran
- Department of Chemistry, The Madura College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Vidya Nagar, Madurai 625 011, India;
| | - Rasu Ramachandran
- Department of Chemistry, The Madura College (Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University), Vidya Nagar, Madurai 625 011, India;
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32
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Mayot N, Le Quéré C, Rödenbeck C, Bernardello R, Bopp L, Djeutchouang LM, Gehlen M, Gregor L, Gruber N, Hauck J, Iida Y, Ilyina T, Keeling RF, Landschützer P, Manning AC, Patara L, Resplandy L, Schwinger J, Séférian R, Watson AJ, Wright RM, Zeng J. Climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO 2 sink. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220055. [PMID: 37150207 PMCID: PMC10164464 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean is a major sink of atmospheric CO2, but the nature and magnitude of its variability remains uncertain and debated. Estimates based on observations suggest substantial variability that is not reproduced by process-based ocean models, with increasingly divergent estimates over the past decade. We examine potential constraints on the nature and magnitude of climate-driven variability of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink from observation-based air-sea O2 fluxes. On interannual time scales, the variability in the air-sea fluxes of CO2 and O2 estimated from observations is consistent across the two species and positively correlated with the variability simulated by ocean models. Our analysis suggests that variations in ocean ventilation related to the Southern Annular Mode are responsible for this interannual variability. On decadal time scales, the existence of significant variability in the air-sea CO2 flux estimated from observations also tends to be supported by observation-based estimates of O2 flux variability. However, the large decadal variability in air-sea CO2 flux is absent from ocean models. Our analysis suggests that issues in representing the balance between the thermal and non-thermal components of the CO2 sink and/or insufficient variability in mode water formation might contribute to the lack of decadal variability in the current generation of ocean models. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Mayot
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C. Le Quéré
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - C. Rödenbeck
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, PO Box 600164, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - R. Bernardello
- Department of Earth Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - L. Bopp
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France
| | - L. M. Djeutchouang
- Department of Oceanography, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- SOCCO, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - M. Gehlen
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - L. Gregor
- Environmental Physics, ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N. Gruber
- Environmental Physics, ETH Zürich, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Hauck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Y. Iida
- Atmosphere and Ocean Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, 1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 100-8122, Japan
| | - T. Ilyina
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. F. Keeling
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - P. Landschützer
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - A. C. Manning
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - L. Patara
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - L. Resplandy
- Department of Geosciences and High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J. Schwinger
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
- NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - R. Séférian
- CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - A. J. Watson
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, UK
| | - R. M. Wright
- Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - J. Zeng
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
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33
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Hauck J, Nissen C, Landschützer P, Rödenbeck C, Bushinsky S, Olsen A. Sparse observations induce large biases in estimates of the global ocean CO 2 sink: an ocean model subsampling experiment. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220063. [PMID: 37150197 PMCID: PMC10164466 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of ocean [Formula: see text] uptake from global ocean biogeochemistry models and [Formula: see text]-based data products differ substantially, especially in high latitudes and in the trend of the [Formula: see text] uptake since 2000. Here, we assess the effect of data sparsity on two [Formula: see text]-based estimates by subsampling output from a global ocean biogeochemistry model. The estimates of the ocean [Formula: see text] uptake are improved from a sampling scheme that mimics present-day sampling to an ideal sampling scheme with 1000 evenly distributed sites. In particular, insufficient sampling has given rise to strong biases in the trend of the ocean carbon sink in the [Formula: see text] products. The overestimation of the [Formula: see text] flux trend by 20-35% globally and 50-130% in the Southern Ocean with the present-day sampling is reduced to less than [Formula: see text] with the ideal sampling scheme. A substantial overestimation of the decadal variability of the Southern Ocean carbon sink occurs in one product and appears related to a skewed data distribution in [Formula: see text] space. With the ideal sampling, the bias in the mean [Formula: see text] flux is reduced from 9-12% to 2-9% globally and from 14-26% to 5-17% in the Southern Ocean. On top of that, discrepancies of about [Formula: see text] (15%) persist due to uncertainties in the gas-exchange calculation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hauck
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Cara Nissen
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Seth Bushinsky
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Department of Oceanography, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Are Olsen
- Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
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Landschützer P, Tanhua T, Behncke J, Keppler L. Sailing through the southern seas of air-sea CO 2 flux uncertainty. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220064. [PMID: 37150203 PMCID: PMC10164465 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Ocean is among the largest contemporary sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide on our planet; however, remoteness, harsh weather and other circumstances have led to an undersampling of the ocean basin, compared with its northern hemispheric counterparts. While novel data interpolation methods can in part compensate for such data sparsity, recent studies raised awareness that we have hit a wall of unavoidable uncertainties in air-sea [Formula: see text] flux reconstructions. Here, we present results from autonomous observing campaigns using a novel platform to observe remote ocean regions: sailboats. Sailboats are at present a free of charge environmentally friendly platform that recurrently pass remote ocean regions during round-the-globe racing events. During the past 5 years, we collected [Formula: see text] measurements of the sea surface partial pressure of [Formula: see text] (p[Formula: see text]) around the globe including the Southern Ocean throughout an Antarctic circumnavigation during the Vendée Globe racing event. Our analysis demonstrates that the sailboat tracks pass regions where large uncertainty in the air-sea [Formula: see text] flux reconstruction prevails, with regional oversaturation or undersaturation of the sea surface p[Formula: see text]. Sailboat races provide an independent cross-calibration platform for autonomous measurement devices, such as Argo floats, ultimately strengthening the entire Southern Ocean observing system. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Heat and carbon uptake in the Southern Ocean: the state of the art and future priorities'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Landschützer
- Department Research, Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), 8400 Ostend, Belgium
- The Ocean in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Toste Tanhua
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, 24148 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Behncke
- The Ocean in the Earth System, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School on Earth System Modelling, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Keppler
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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35
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Weerathunga V, Hung CC, Dupont S, Hsieh HH, Piyawardhana N, Yuan FL, Kao KJ, Huang KC, Huang WJ. Ocean acidification increases inorganic carbon over organic carbon in shrimp's exoskeleton. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 192:115050. [PMID: 37216880 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) may either increase or have a neutral effect on the calcification in shrimp's exoskeleton. However, investigations on changes in the carbon composition of shrimp's exoskeletons under OA are lacking. We exposed juvenile Pacific white shrimps to target pHs of 8.0, 7.9, and 7.6 for 100 days to evaluate changes in carapace thickness, total carbon (TC), particulate organic carbon (POC), particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), calcium, and magnesium concentrations in their exoskeletons. The PIC: POC ratio of shrimp in pH 7.6 treatment was significantly higher by 175 % as compared to pH 8.0 treatment. Thickness and Ca% in pH 7.6 treatment were significantly higher as compared to pH 8.0 treatment (90 % and 65 %, respectively). This is the first direct evidence of an increased PIC: POC ratio in shrimp exoskeletons under OA. In the future, such changes in carbon composition may affect the shrimp population, ecosystem functions, and regional carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veran Weerathunga
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Hung
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Sam Dupont
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Fiskebäckskil 45178, Sweden; Radioecology Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Marine Laboratories, 98000, Principality of Monaco
| | - Hsueh-Han Hsieh
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Nathangi Piyawardhana
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Ling Yuan
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jung Kao
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-Chen Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jen Huang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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36
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Huang Y, Fassbender A, Bushinsky S. Biogenic carbon pool production maintains the Southern Ocean carbon sink. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217909120. [PMID: 37099629 PMCID: PMC10160987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217909120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Through biological activity, marine dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is transformed into different types of biogenic carbon available for export to the ocean interior, including particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and particulate inorganic carbon (PIC). Each biogenic carbon pool has a different export efficiency that impacts the vertical ocean carbon gradient and drives natural air-sea carbon dioxide gas (CO2) exchange. In the Southern Ocean (SO), which presently accounts for ~40% of the anthropogenic ocean carbon sink, it is unclear how the production of each biogenic carbon pool contributes to the contemporary air-sea CO2 exchange. Based on 107 independent observations of the seasonal cycle from 63 biogeochemical profiling floats, we provide the basin-scale estimate of distinct biogenic carbon pool production. We find significant meridional variability with enhanced POC production in the subantarctic and polar Antarctic sectors and enhanced DOC production in the subtropical and sea-ice-dominated sectors. PIC production peaks between 47°S and 57°S near the "great calcite belt." Relative to an abiotic SO, organic carbon production enhances CO2 uptake by 2.80 ± 0.28 Pg C y-1, while PIC production diminishes CO2 uptake by 0.27 ± 0.21 Pg C y-1. Without organic carbon production, the SO would be a CO2 source to the atmosphere. Our findings emphasize the importance of DOC and PIC production, in addition to the well-recognized role of POC production, in shaping the influence of carbon export on air-sea CO2 exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Huang
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA98115
| | - Andrea J. Fassbender
- Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95064
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA98115
| | - Seth M. Bushinsky
- Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HA96822
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37
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Rana S, Hasan MN, Sultana N, Hasan SJ, Shimul SA, Nahid SAA. Acidification scenario of Cox's Bazar coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh and its influence on fish larvae abundance. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15855. [PMID: 37180940 PMCID: PMC10172786 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is caused mainly by atmospheric carbon dioxide stored in the ocean. Ocean acidification is considered a major threat to aquatic life, and how it influences the abundance of marine fish larvae is still unclear. This research was designed to measure the current ocean acidification scenario of the Cox's Bazar coast of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, and its probable influence on the abundance of fish larvae. Three research stations were selected: Bakkhali river estuary, Naf river estuary, and Rezu Khal. Monthly sampling was done, and larvae sample was collected from the surface water column (depth: 0.5 m) using a bongo net. Water parameters such as temperature, salinity, total alkalinity, and pH were determined using laboratory protocol. The seacarb package of the R programming language was used to determine ocean acidification factors. The Bakkhali river estuary showed the highest partial carbon dioxide (143.99 ± 102.27 μatm) and the lowest pH (8.27 ± 0.21). A total of 19 larvae families were identified, and the highest larval count was found in Rezu Khal (390 larvae/1000 m3), while the lowest was found in the Bakkhali river (3 larvae/1000 m3). Clupeidae, Myctophidae, and Engraulidae comprised more than 50% of the identified larvae. Blenniidae, Carangidae, Clupeidae, Engraulidae, and Gobiidae were found in all three seasons. Most of the larvae families showed the highest mean abundance under less pCO2. A negative correlation was observed between larvae and acidification factors such as pCO2, HCO3-, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The study revealed that acidification parameters of the Cox's Bazar coast were not in an acute state for the aquatic organisms' survival, but fish larvae abundance could be declined with raises in the partial carbon dioxide. The results of this study may aid in developing a management plan for conserving Bangladesh's marine and coastal fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifuddin Rana
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4225, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Hasan
- Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4331, Bangladesh
| | - Nargis Sultana
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4225, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shahida Arfine Shimul
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4225, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Sk. Ahmad Al Nahid
- Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-4225, Chattogram, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
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38
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Kanzaki Y, Planavsky NJ, Reinhard CT. New estimates of the storage permanence and ocean co-benefits of enhanced rock weathering. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad059. [PMID: 37096198 PMCID: PMC10122414 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Avoiding many of the most severe consequences of anthropogenic climate change in the coming century will very likely require the development of "negative emissions technologies"-practices that lead to net carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from Earth's atmosphere. However, feedbacks within the carbon cycle place intrinsic limits on the long-term impact of CDR on atmospheric CO2 that are likely to vary across CDR technologies in ways that are poorly constrained. Here, we use an ensemble of Earth system models to provide new insights into the efficiency of CDR through enhanced rock weathering (ERW) by explicitly quantifying long-term storage of carbon in the ocean during ERW relative to an equivalent modulated emissions scenario. We find that although the backflux of CO2 to the atmosphere in the face of CDR is in all cases significant and time-varying, even for direct removal and underground storage, the leakage of initially captured carbon associated with ERW is well below that currently assumed. In addition, net alkalinity addition to the surface ocean from ERW leads to significant increases in seawater carbonate mineral saturation state relative to an equivalent emissions trajectory, a co-benefit for calcifying marine organisms. These results suggest that potential carbon leakage from the oceans during ERW is a small component of the overall ERW life cycle and that it can be rigorously quantified and incorporated into technoeconomic assessments of ERW at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kanzaki
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Noah J Planavsky
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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39
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Jiang LQ, Kozyr A, Relph JM, Ronje EI, Kamb L, Burger E, Myer J, Nguyen L, Arzayus KM, Boyer T, Cross S, Garcia H, Hogan P, Larsen K, Parsons AR. The Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System. Sci Data 2023; 10:136. [PMID: 36922515 PMCID: PMC10017681 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ocean Carbon and Acidification Data System (OCADS) is a data management system at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). It manages a wide range of ocean carbon and acidification data, including chemical, physical, and biological observations collected from research vessels, ships of opportunity, and uncrewed platforms, as well as laboratory experiment results, and model outputs. Additionally, OCADS serves as a repository for related Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) biogeochemistry Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), e.g., oxygen, nutrients, transient tracers, and stable isotopes. OCADS endeavors to be one of the world's leading providers of ocean carbon and acidification data, information, products, and services. To provide the best data management services to the ocean carbon and acidification research community, OCADS prioritizes adopting a customer-centric approach and gathering knowledge and expertise from the research community to improve its data management practices. OCADS aims to make all ocean carbon and acidification data accessible via a single portal, and welcomes submissions from around the world: https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Jiang
- Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA.
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA.
| | - Alex Kozyr
- Cooperative Institute for Satellite Earth System Studies, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
| | - John M Relph
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
| | - Errol I Ronje
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529, USA
| | - Linus Kamb
- NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, 98115, USA
| | - Eugene Burger
- NOAA/OAR Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, 98115, USA
| | - Jonathan Myer
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Asheville, North Carolina, 28801, USA
| | - Liem Nguyen
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20740, USA
| | - Krisa M Arzayus
- NOAA/NOS Integrated Ocean Observing System, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
| | - Tim Boyer
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
| | - Scott Cross
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Charleston, South Carolina, 29412, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20910, USA
| | - Patrick Hogan
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529, USA
| | - Kirsten Larsen
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529, USA
| | - A Rost Parsons
- NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, 39529, USA
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40
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Zhou J, Zheng Y, Hou L, An Z, Chen F, Liu B, Wu L, Qi L, Dong H, Han P, Yin G, Liang X, Yang Y, Li X, Gao D, Li Y, Liu Z, Bellerby R, Liu M. Effects of acidification on nitrification and associated nitrous oxide emission in estuarine and coastal waters. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1380. [PMID: 36914644 PMCID: PMC10011576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the context of an increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) level, acidification of estuarine and coastal waters is greatly exacerbated by land-derived nutrient inputs, coastal upwelling, and complex biogeochemical processes. A deeper understanding of how nitrifiers respond to intensifying acidification is thus crucial to predict the response of estuarine and coastal ecosystems and their contribution to global climate change. Here, we show that acidification can significantly decrease nitrification rate but stimulate generation of byproduct nitrous oxide (N2O) in estuarine and coastal waters. By varying CO2 concentration and pH independently, an expected beneficial effect of elevated CO2 on activity of nitrifiers ("CO2-fertilization" effect) is excluded under acidification. Metatranscriptome data further demonstrate that nitrifiers could significantly up-regulate gene expressions associated with intracellular pH homeostasis to cope with acidification stress. This study highlights the molecular underpinnings of acidification effects on nitrification and associated greenhouse gas N2O emission, and helps predict the response and evolution of estuarine and coastal ecosystems under climate change and human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yanling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Lijun Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Zhirui An
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Feiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bolin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Lin Qi
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongpo Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Han
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Guoyu Yin
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Dengzhou Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.,Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhanfei Liu
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA
| | - Richard Bellerby
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Thormøhlensgt 53D, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Min Liu
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China. .,Key Laboratory of Spatial-temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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41
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CeO2-supported Fe, Co and Ni toward CO2 hydrogenation: Tuning catalytic performance via metal-support interaction. J RARE EARTH 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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42
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Miao W, Hao R, Wang J, Wang Z, Lin W, Liu H, Feng Z, Lyu Y, Li Q, Jia D, Ouyang R, Cheng J, Nie A, Wu J. Architecture Design and Catalytic Activity: Non-Noble Bimetallic CoFe/fe 3 O 4 Core-Shell Structures for CO 2 Hydrogenation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205087. [PMID: 36529701 PMCID: PMC9929264 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-noble metal catalysts now play a key role in promoting efficiently and economically catalytic reduction of CO2 into clean energy, which is an important strategy to ameliorate global warming and resource shortage issues. Here, a non-noble bimetallic catalyst of CoFe/Fe3 O4 nanoparticles is successfully designed with a core-shell structure that is well dispersed on the defect-rich carbon substrate for the hydrogenation of CO2 under mild conditions. The catalysts exhibit a high CO2 conversion activity with the rate of 30% and CO selectivity of 99%, and extremely robust stability without performance decay over 90 h in the reverse water gas shift reaction process. Notably, it is found that the reversible exsolution/dissolution of cobalt in the Fe3 O4 shell will lead to a dynamic and reversible deactivation/regeneration of the catalysts, accompanying by shell thickness breathing during the repeated cycles, via atomic structure study of the catalysts at different reaction stages. Combined with density functional theory calculations, the catalytic activity reversible regeneration mechanism is proposed. This work reveals the structure-property relationship for rational structure design of the advanced non-noble metallic catalyst materials with much improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Miao
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Ronghui Hao
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Jingzhou Wang
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Wenxin Lin
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China
| | - Heguang Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of TechnologyXi'an710048China
| | - Zhenjie Feng
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Yingchun Lyu
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Dongling Jia
- Collaborative Research CenterShanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai201318China
| | - Runhai Ouyang
- Materials Genome InstituteShanghai UniversityShanghai200444China
| | - Jipeng Cheng
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
| | - Anmin Nie
- Center for High Pressure ScienceState Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and TechnologyYanshan UniversityQinhuangdao066004China
| | - Jinsong Wu
- Nanostructure Research CenterWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
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43
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Carral L, Lamas-Galdo MI, Buenhombre JLM, Barros JJC, Naya S, Tarrio-Saavedra J. Application of residuals from purification of bivalve molluscs in Galician to facilitate marine ecosystem resiliency through artificial reefs with shells - One generation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159095. [PMID: 36181815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The seas and oceans of the planet provide a wide range of essential resources. However, marine ecosystems are undergoing severe degradation due to the unsustainable exploitation and consumption patterns of the linear economy. On the other hand, many economic activities linked to the sea generate a large amount of waste, leading to negative impacts, such as the cost of treating or disposing of this waste. A case in point is bivalve mollusc production: a purification process is needed to avoid the risk of diseases through faecal contamination. The present work proposes an innovative procedure to convert this waste, calcium carbonate as calcite and aragonite allotropic types, into by-products. These by-products can be used to manufacture green artificial reefs, partially replacing concrete aggregates with a sustainable alternative to the geological sources of CaCO3. By installing these reefs, marine ecosystems could be created in a sustainable way and an innovative approach based on the circular economy could be taken towards protecting them. To this end, different concrete mixtures with bivalve shells are proposed. Although this study had been carried out for Galicia (NW Spain), the methodology followed could also be valid for other regions. A physicochemical characterisation of the waste from purifying the bivalves, including oysters, mussels, clams and scallops, was performed. Statistical and multi-criteria analyses were done in order to select the best dosage. Both have provided justification for using a mixture of shells with a predominance of calcite (oyster, scallop) instead of shells with a predominance of aragonite. The multi-criteria analysis served to identify the two best alternatives with dosages in which the medium aggregates were substituted with shells mainly from oysters, with a predominance of calcite. Finally, the statistical analysis played a role in estimating the compressive strength and water absorption of each mixture from the design parameter values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carral
- Escuela Politécnica de Ingeniería de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Spain.
| | | | | | | | - Salvador Naya
- Escuela Politécnica de Ingeniería de Ferrol, Universidade da Coruña, Spain
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44
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Namvar F, Salavati-Niasari M, Mahdi MA, Meshkani F. Multidisciplinary green approaches (ultrasonic, co-precipitation, hydrothermal, and microwave) for fabrication and characterization of Erbium-promoted Ni-Al2O3 catalyst for CO2 methanation. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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45
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Satterthwaite EV, Komyakova V, Erazo NG, Gammage L, Juma GA, Kelly R, Kleinman D, Lobelle D, James RS, Zanuri NBM. Five actionable pillars to engage the next generation of leaders in the co-design of transformative ocean solutions. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001832. [PMID: 36251638 PMCID: PMC9576046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Solutions to complex and unprecedented global challenges are urgently needed. Overcoming these challenges requires input and innovative solutions from all experts, including Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs). To achieve diverse inclusion from ECOPs, fundamental changes must occur at all levels—from individuals to organizations. Drawing on insights from across the globe, we propose 5 actionable pillars that support the engagement of ECOPs in co-design processes that address ocean sustainability: sharing knowledge through networks and mentorship, providing cross-boundary training and opportunities, incentivizing and celebrating knowledge co-design, creating inclusive and participatory governance structures, and catalyzing culture change for inclusivity. Foundational to all actions are the cross-cutting principles of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusivity. In addition, the pillars are cross-boundary in nature, including collaboration and innovation across sectors, disciplines, regions, generations, and backgrounds. Together, these recommendations provide an actionable and iterative path toward inclusive engagement and intergenerational exchange that can develop ocean solutions for a sustainable future. Early Career Ocean Professionals (ECOPs) need to engage in co-design processes that address ocean sustainability. This Consensus View proposes five pillars to provide an actionable and iterative path toward inclusive engagement and intergenerational exchange that can develop ocean solutions for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V. Satterthwaite
- California Sea Grant, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Valeriya Komyakova
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Natalia G. Erazo
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Louise Gammage
- Department of Biological Sciences and Marine & Antarctic Research for Innovation & Sustainability (MARIS), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gabriel A. Juma
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Daniel Kleinman
- Seaworthy Collective, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Delphine Lobelle
- Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rachel Sapery James
- Blue Pacific Programs Manager, WWF-Australia, Gubbi Gubbi Country, Sunshine Coast
| | - Norlaila Binti Mohd Zanuri
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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46
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Yeo SJ, Choi WS, Hong SY, Song JH. Enhanced Convolutional Neural Network for In Situ AUV Thruster Health Monitoring Using Acoustic Signals. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7073. [PMID: 36146422 PMCID: PMC9502450 DOI: 10.3390/s22187073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for ocean exploration increases, studies are being actively conducted on autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) that can efficiently perform various missions. To successfully perform long-term, wide-ranging missions, it is necessary to apply fault diagnosis technology to AUVs. In this study, a system that can monitor the health of in situ AUV thrusters using a convolutional neural network (CNN) was developed. As input data, an acoustic signal that comprehensively contains the mechanical and hydrodynamic information of the AUV thruster was adopted. The acoustic signal was pre-processed into two-dimensional data through continuous wavelet transform. The neural network was trained with three different pre-processing methods and the accuracy was compared. The decibel scale was more effective than the linear scale, and the normalized decibel scale was more effective than the decibel scale. Through tests on off-training conditions that deviate from the neural network learning condition, the developed system properly recognized the distribution characteristics of noise sources even when the operating speed and the thruster rotation speed changed, and correctly diagnosed the state of the thruster. These results showed that the acoustic signal-based CNN can be effectively used for monitoring the health of the AUV's thrusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Jae Yeo
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woen-Sug Choi
- Department of Ocean Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Hong
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jee-Hun Song
- Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
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47
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Bertagni MB, Porporato A. The Carbon-Capture Efficiency of Natural Water Alkalinization: Implications For Enhanced weathering. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156524. [PMID: 35714488 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced weathering (EW) is a promising negative-emission technology that artificially accelerates the dissolution of natural minerals, promotes biomass growth, and alleviates the acidification of soils and natural waters. EW aims to increase the alkalinity of natural waters (alkalinization) to promote a transfer of CO2 from the atmosphere to the water. Here we provide a quantification of the alkalinization carbon-capture efficiency (ACE) as a function of the water chemistry. ACE can be used for any alkaline mineral in various natural waters. We show that ACE strongly depends on the water pH, with a sharp transition from minimum to maximum in a narrow interval of pH values. We also quantify ACE in three compartments of the land-to-ocean aquatic continuum: the world topsoils, the lakes of an acid-sensitive area, and the global surface ocean. The results reveal that the efficiency of terrestrial EW varies markedly, from 0 to 100 %, with a significant trade-off in acidic conditions between carbon-capture efficiency and enhanced chemical dissolution. The efficiency is more stable in the ocean, with a typical value of around 80 % and a latitudinal pattern driven by differences in seawater temperature and salinity. Our results point to the importance of an integrated hydrological and biogeochemical theory to assess the fate of the weathering products across the aquatic continuum from land to ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo B Bertagni
- The High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Amilcare Porporato
- The High Meadows Environmental Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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48
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Mignot A, von Schuckmann K, Landschützer P, Gasparin F, van Gennip S, Perruche C, Lamouroux J, Amm T. Decrease in air-sea CO 2 fluxes caused by persistent marine heatwaves. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4300. [PMID: 35879317 PMCID: PMC9314444 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Regional processes play a key role in the global carbon budget. Major ocean CO2 uptake at mid-latitudes counteracts CO2 release in the tropics, which is modulated by episodes of marine heatwaves. Yet, we lack essential knowledge on persistent marine heatwaves, and their effect on the CO2 sensitive areas. Here we show, using a 1985–2017 joint analysis of reconstructions, ocean reanalysis and in situ and satellite data, that persistent marine heatwaves occur in major CO2 uptake and release areas. Average air-sea CO2 flux density changes from persistent marine heatwaves are strongest in the Pacific Ocean with a 40 ± 9% reduction in CO2 release in the tropics linked to ENSO, and a reduction in CO2 uptake of 29 ± 11% in the North Pacific over the study period. These results provide new insights into the interplay of extreme variability and a critical regulating ocean ecosystem service, and pave the way for future investigations on its evolution under climate change. Ocean CO2 uptake at mid-latitudes counteracts CO2 release in the tropics, but we know little about the effects of marine heatwaves that modulate this process. Here, the authors use joint analysis of satellite measurements, in situ observation, reconstructions derived from machine learning algorithms, numerical model of the global ocean, and find that areas where PMHWs most frequently occur coincide with the regions that are the most critical for the oceanic carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tristan Amm
- Mercator Océan International, Toulouse, France
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49
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Yang JB, Pan JH, Zhu YH, Wang JL, Mei H, Xu Y. Two 1D Anderson-Type Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Complexes as Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO 2 Photoreduction and Sulfur Oxidation. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11775-11786. [PMID: 35858285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur oxides from the combustion of petrol and excessive emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are currently the main causes of environmental pollution. Considerable interest has been paid to solving the challenge, and catalytic reactions seem to be the desired choice. Due to the high density of Lewis acid active sites, polyoxometalates are considered to be the ideal choice for these catalytic reactions. Herein, two captivating polyoxometalate-based metal-organic complexes, formulated as [Co(H2O)2DABT]2[CrMo6(OH)5O19] ({Co-CrMo6}) and [Zn(H2O)2DABT]2[CrMo6(OH)5O19] ({Zn-CrMo6}) (DABT = 3,3'-diamino-5,5'-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazole)) were successfully obtained under hydrothermal conditions. The structural analysis demonstrates that {Co-CrMo6} and {Zn-CrMo6} are isostructural with two different transition metal (Co/Zn) ions based on quadridentate Anderson-type [CrMo6(OH)5O19]4- polyanions. A fan-shaped unit of {Co-CrMo6}/{Zn-CrMo6} is linked to generate a one-dimensional (1D) ladder-like structure. Intriguingly, benefitting from rich Co centers with a suitable energy band structure, {Co-CrMo6} displays better photocatalytic activity than {Zn-CrMo6} for converting CO2 into CO, endowing the CO formation of 1935.3 μmol g-1 h-1 with high selectivity. Meanwhile, {Co-CrMo6} also exhibits a satisfactory removal rate of 99% for oxidizing dibenzothiophene at 50 °C, which suggests that {Co-CrMo6} may be utilized as a potential dual functional material with immense prospects in photocatalytic CO2 reduction and sulfur oxidation for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Hang Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Hua Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Lei Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Hua Mei
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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50
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Komyakova V, Jaffrés JBD, Strain EMA, Cullen-Knox C, Fudge M, Langhamer O, Bender A, Yaakub SM, Wilson E, Allan BJM, Sella I, Haward M. Conceptualisation of multiple impacts interacting in the marine environment using marine infrastructure as an example. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154748. [PMID: 35337877 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The human population is increasingly reliant on the marine environment for food, trade, tourism, transport, communication and other vital ecosystem services. These services require extensive marine infrastructure, all of which have direct or indirect ecological impacts on marine environments. The rise in global marine infrastructure has led to light, noise and chemical pollution, as well as facilitation of biological invasions. As a result, marine systems and associated species are under increased pressure from habitat loss and degradation, formation of ecological traps and increased mortality, all of which can lead to reduced resilience and consequently increased invasive species establishment. Whereas the cumulative bearings of collective human impacts on marine populations have previously been demonstrated, the multiple impacts associated with marine infrastructure have not been well explored. Here, building on ecological literature, we explore the impacts that are associated with marine infrastructure, conceptualising the notion of correlative, interactive and cumulative effects of anthropogenic activities on the marine environment. By reviewing the range of mitigation approaches that are currently available, we consider the role that eco-engineering, marine spatial planning and agent-based modelling plays in complementing the design and placement of marine structures to incorporate the existing connectivity pathways, ecological principles and complexity of the environment. Because the effect of human-induced, rapid environmental change is predicted to increase in response to the growth of the human population, this study demonstrates that the development and implementation of legislative framework, innovative technologies and nature-informed solutions are vital, preventative measures to mitigate the multiple impacts associated with marine infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Komyakova
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia.
| | - Jasmine B D Jaffrés
- C&R Consulting, Townsville, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Elisabeth M A Strain
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Coco Cullen-Knox
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Maree Fudge
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia; College of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Olivia Langhamer
- Division of Electricity, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Anke Bender
- Division of Electricity, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Siti M Yaakub
- Sustainability & Climate Solutions Department, DHI Water & Environment (S), Singapore
| | - Eloise Wilson
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia
| | - Bridie J M Allan
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - Marcus Haward
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; Centre for Marine Socioecology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7053, Australia; Blue Economy Cooperative Research Centre, PO Box 897, Launceston, Tasmania 7250, Australia
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