1
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Wang L, Koui Y, Kanegae K, Kido T, Tamura-Nakano M, Yabe S, Tai K, Nakajima Y, Kusuhara H, Sakai Y, Miyajima A, Okochi H, Tanaka M. Establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatobiliary organoid with bile duct for pharmaceutical research use. Biomaterials 2024; 310:122621. [PMID: 38815455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
In vitro models of the human liver are promising alternatives to animal tests for drug development. Currently, primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) are preferred for pharmacokinetic and cytotoxicity tests. However, they are unable to recapitulate the flow of bile in hepatobiliary clearance owing to the lack of bile ducts, leading to the limitation of bile analysis. To address the issue, a liver organoid culture system that has a functional bile duct network is desired. In this study, we aimed to generate human iPSC-derived hepatobiliary organoids (hHBOs) consisting of hepatocytes and bile ducts. The two-step differentiation process under 2D and semi-3D culture conditions promoted the maturation of hHBOs on culture plates, in which hepatocyte clusters were covered with monolayered biliary tubes. We demonstrated that the hHBOs reproduced the flow of bile containing a fluorescent bile acid analog or medicinal drugs from hepatocytes into bile ducts via bile canaliculi. Furthermore, the hHBOs exhibited pathophysiological responses to troglitazone, such as cholestasis and cytotoxicity. Because the hHBOs can recapitulate the function of bile ducts in hepatobiliary clearance, they are suitable as a liver disease model and would be a novel in vitro platform system for pharmaceutical research use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuta Koui
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kanegae
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Tamura-Nakano
- Communal Laboratory, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Yabe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenpei Tai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Nakajima
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Okochi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minoru Tanaka
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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2
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Hussein KH, Ahmadzada B, Correa JC, Sultan A, Wilken S, Amiot B, Nyberg SL. Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:280-305. [PMID: 38973992 PMCID: PMC11226731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting list. Whole liver bioengineering, an emerging field of tissue engineering, holds great potential to overcome this gap. This approach involves two main steps; the first is liver decellularization and the second is recellularization. Liver decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary networks. Recellularization involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells, theoretically from the recipient patient, to reconstruct the parenchyma, vascular tree, and biliary network. The aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver, including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices, the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques, selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation, vascular, and biliary tree reconstruction. In vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered livers. Finally, the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also discussed. Addressing these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H. Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julio Cisneros Correa
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmer Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Silvana Wilken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bruce Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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3
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Kasper VL, Assis DN. Pathophysiology of Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease. Pediatr Pulmonol 2024; 59 Suppl 1:S98-S106. [PMID: 39105342 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.26869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Hepatobiliary complications of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) constitute a significant burden for persons with CF of all ages, with advanced CF liver disease in particular representing a leading cause of mortality. The causes of the heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, ranging from steatosis to focal biliary cholestasis and biliary strictures, are poorly understood and likely reflect a variety of environmental and disease-modifying factors in the setting of underlying CFTR mutations. This review summarizes the current understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatobiliary manifestations of CF, and discusses emerging disease models and therapeutic approaches that hold promise to impact this important yet incompletely addressed aspect of CF care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania L Kasper
- The Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Hasbro Children's Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - David N Assis
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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4
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Broere R, Luijmes SH, de Jonge J, Porte RJ. Graft repair during machine perfusion: a current overview of strategies. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2024; 29:248-254. [PMID: 38726753 PMCID: PMC11224572 DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000001151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With changing donor characteristics (advanced age, obesity), an increase in the use of extended criteria donor (ECD) livers in liver transplantation is seen. Machine perfusion allows graft viability assessment, but still many donor livers are considered nontransplantable. Besides being used as graft viability assessment tool, ex situ machine perfusion offers a platform for therapeutic strategies to ameliorate grafts prior to transplantation. This review describes the current landscape of graft repair during machine perfusion. RECENT FINDINGS Explored anti-inflammatory therapies, including inflammasome inhibitors, hemoabsorption, and cellular therapies mitigate the inflammatory response and improve hepatic function. Cholangiocyte organoids show promise in repairing the damaged biliary tree. Defatting during normothermic machine perfusion shows a reduction of steatosis and improved hepatobiliary function compared to nontreated livers. Uptake of RNA interference therapies during machine perfusion paves the way for an additional treatment modality. SUMMARY The possibility to repair injured donor livers during ex situ machine perfusion might increase the utilization of ECD-livers. Application of defatting agents is currently explored in clinical trials, whereas other therapeutics require further research or optimization before entering clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Broere
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepato-Pancreato- Biliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Zhao J, Yue P, Mi N, Li M, Fu W, Zhang X, Gao L, Bai M, Tian L, Jiang N, Lu Y, Ma H, Dong C, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ren Y, Suzuki A, Wong PF, Tanaka K, Rerknimitr R, Junger HH, Cheung TT, Melloul E, Demartines N, Leung JW, Yao J, Yuan J, Lin Y, Schlitt HJ, Meng W. Biliary fibrosis is an important but neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:326-365. [PMID: 39135601 PMCID: PMC11317084 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2024-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis resulting from pathological repair secondary to recurrent or persistent tissue damage often leads to organ failure and mortality. Biliary fibrosis is a crucial but easily neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders, which may promote the development and progression of benign and malignant biliary diseases through pathological healing mechanisms secondary to biliary tract injuries. Elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of biliary diseases. In this review, we emphasized the importance of biliary fibrosis in cholangiopathies and summarized the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and aberrant cellular composition involving the biliary ductules, cholangiocytes, immune system, fibroblasts, and the microbiome. We also focused on pivotal signaling pathways and offered insights into ongoing clinical trials and proposing a strategic approach for managing biliary fibrosis-related cholangiopathies. This review will offer a comprehensive perspective on biliary fibrosis and provide an important reference for future mechanism research and innovative therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningning Mi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Matu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenkang Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xianzhuo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Gao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Mingzhen Bai
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Liang Tian
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ningzu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yawen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Haidong Ma
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinduo Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Azumi Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Peng F. Wong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Kiyohito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Second Red Cross Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn, Bangkok, Thailand
- Excellence Center for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Henrik H. Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tan T. Cheung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emmanuel Melloul
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Demartines
- Department of Visceral Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joseph W. Leung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UC Davis Medical Center and Sacramento VA Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jia Yao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinqiu Yuan
- Clinical Research Center, Big Data Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanyan Lin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hans J. Schlitt
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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6
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van Luyk ME, Krotenberg Garcia A, Lamprou M, Suijkerbuijk SJE. Cell competition in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2024; 13:28. [PMID: 39060237 PMCID: PMC11282291 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-024-00530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult tissues set the scene for a continuous battle between cells, where a comparison of cellular fitness results in the elimination of weaker "loser" cells. This phenomenon, named cell competition, is beneficial for tissue integrity and homeostasis. In fact, cell competition plays a crucial role in tumor suppression, through elimination of early malignant cells, as part of Epithelial Defense Against Cancer. However, it is increasingly apparent that cell competition doubles as a tumor-promoting mechanism. The comparative nature of cell competition means that mutational background, proliferation rate and polarity all factor in to determine the outcome of these processes. In this review, we explore the intricate and context-dependent involvement of cell competition in homeostasis and regeneration, as well as during initiation and progression of primary and metastasized colorectal cancer. We provide a comprehensive overview of molecular and cellular mechanisms governing cell competition and its parallels with regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel Elise van Luyk
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Krotenberg Garcia
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Lamprou
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Jacoba Elisabeth Suijkerbuijk
- Division of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biodynamics and Biocomplexity, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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7
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Ly M, Lau NS, Dennis C, Chen J, Risbey C, Tan S, Chen R, Wang C, Gorrell MD, McKenzie C, Kench JG, Liu K, McCaughan GW, Crawford M, Pulitano C. Long Term Ex-Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion Allows Regeneration of Human Livers with Severe Bile Duct Injury. Am J Transplant 2024:S1600-6135(24)00442-8. [PMID: 39059585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Bile duct regeneration is hypothesised to prevent biliary strictures, a leading cause of morbidity after liver transplantation. Assessing the capacity for biliary regeneration may identify grafts as suitable for transplantation that are currently declined, but has been unfeasible until now. This study used Long-Term Ex-Situ Normothermic Machine Perfusion (LT-NMP) to assess biliary regeneration. Human livers that were declined for transplantation were perfused at 36°C for up to 13.5 days. Bile duct biopsies, bile and perfusate were collected throughout perfusion, which were examined for features of injury and regeneration. Biliary regeneration was defined as new Ki-67 positive biliary epithelium following severe injury. Ten livers were perfused for a median duration of 7.5 days. Severe bile duct injury occurred in all grafts, and biliary regeneration occurred in 70% of grafts. Traditional biomarkers of biliary viability such as bile glucose improved during perfusion but this was not associated with biliary regeneration (p>0.05). In contrast, the maintenance of IL-6 and VEGF-A levels in bile were associated with biliary regeneration (p=0.017 for both cytokines). This is the first study to demonstrate biliary regeneration during LT-NMP and identify a cytokine signature in bile as a novel biomarker for biliary regeneration during LT-NMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ly
- Centre for Organ Assessment Repair and Optimisation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ngee-Soon Lau
- Centre for Organ Assessment Repair and Optimisation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claude Dennis
- Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Charles Risbey
- Centre for Organ Assessment Repair and Optimisation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarah Tan
- Central Sydney Immunology Laboratory, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Renfen Chen
- Central Sydney Immunology Laboratory, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Chuanmin Wang
- Centre for Organ Assessment Repair and Optimisation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark D Gorrell
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Catriona McKenzie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - James G Kench
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geoffrey W McCaughan
- Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Crawford
- Centre for Organ Assessment Repair and Optimisation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carlo Pulitano
- Centre for Organ Assessment Repair and Optimisation, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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8
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Rejas C, Junger H. Cholangiocyte Organoids in Liver Transplantation; a Comprehensive Review. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12708. [PMID: 39100755 PMCID: PMC11294148 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Liver transplantation is the only curative option for many liver diseases that end up in liver failure, and cholangiopathy remains a challenging complication post-liver transplant, associated with significant morbidity and potential graft loss. The low availability of organs and high demand for transplantation motivate scientists to find novel interventions. Organoids, as three-dimensional cell cultures derived from adult cells or induced pluripotent cells, may help to address this problem. Different types of organoids have been described, from which cholangiocyte organoids offer a high level of versatility and plasticity for a deeper study of liver disease mechanisms. Cholangiocytes can be obtained from different segments of the biliary tree and have shown a remarkable capacity to adapt to new environments, presenting an effective system for studying cholangiopathies. Studies using cholangiocyte organoids show promising results for disease modeling, where organoids offer fundamental features to recapitulate the complexities of tissues in vitro and uncover fundamental pathological pathways to potentially reveal therapeutic strategies for personalized medicine. Organoids could hold the potential for regeneration of injured livers, representing tools of clinical impact in regenerative medicine when tissue damage is already present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Brazovskaja A, Gomes T, Holtackers R, Wahle P, Körner C, He Z, Schaffer T, Eckel JC, Hänsel R, Santel M, Seimiya M, Denecke T, Dannemann M, Brosch M, Hampe J, Seehofer D, Damm G, Camp JG, Treutlein B. Cell atlas of the regenerating human liver after portal vein embolization. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5827. [PMID: 38992008 PMCID: PMC11239663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49236-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver has the remarkable capacity to regenerate. In the clinic, regeneration is induced by portal vein embolization, which redirects portal blood flow, resulting in liver hypertrophy in locations with increased blood supply, and atrophy of embolized segments. Here, we apply single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics on healthy, hypertrophied, and atrophied patient-derived liver samples to explore cell states in the regenerating liver. Our data unveils pervasive upregulation of genes associated with developmental processes, cellular adhesion, and inflammation in post-portal vein embolization liver, disrupted portal-central hepatocyte zonation, and altered cell subtype composition of endothelial and immune cells. Interlineage crosstalk analysis reveals mesenchymal cells as an interaction hub between immune and endothelial cells, and highlights the importance of extracellular matrix proteins in liver regeneration. Moreover, we establish tissue-scale iterative indirect immunofluorescence imaging for high-dimensional spatial analysis of perivascular microenvironments, uncovering changes to tissue architecture in regenerating liver lobules. Altogether, our data is a rich resource revealing cellular and histological changes in human liver regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomás Gomes
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Rene Holtackers
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Wahle
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Körner
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Zhisong He
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Schaffer
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Connor Eckel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Hänsel
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Santel
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Makiko Seimiya
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Denecke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Dannemann
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Brosch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Damm
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Visceral Transplantation, University Hospital, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - J Gray Camp
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Institute of Human Biology (IHB), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Treutlein
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany.
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland.
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10
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Tam PKH, Wells RG, Tang CSM, Lui VCH, Hukkinen M, Luque CD, De Coppi P, Mack CL, Pakarinen M, Davenport M. Biliary atresia. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38992031 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-024-00533-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive inflammatory fibrosclerosing disease of the biliary system and a major cause of neonatal cholestasis. It affects 1:5,000-20,000 live births, with the highest incidence in Asia. The pathogenesis is still unknown, but emerging research suggests a role for ciliary dysfunction, redox stress and hypoxia. The study of the underlying mechanisms can be conceptualized along the likely prenatal timing of an initial insult and the distinction between the injury and prenatal and postnatal responses to injury. Although still speculative, these emerging concepts, new diagnostic tools and early diagnosis might enable neoadjuvant therapy (possibly aimed at oxidative stress) before a Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). This is particularly important, as timely KPE restores bile flow in only 50-75% of patients of whom many subsequently develop cholangitis, portal hypertension and progressive fibrosis; 60-75% of patients require liver transplantation by the age of 18 years. Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, centralization of surgery and optimized interventions for complications after KPE lead to better survival. Postoperative corticosteroid use has shown benefits, whereas the role of other adjuvant therapies remains to be evaluated. Continued research to better understand disease mechanisms is necessary to develop innovative treatments, including adjuvant therapies targeting the immune response, regenerative medicine approaches and new clinical tests to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul K H Tam
- Medical Sciences Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Rebecca G Wells
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Clara S M Tang
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Vincent C H Lui
- Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maria Hukkinen
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlos D Luque
- Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cara L Mack
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Medical College of Wisconsin, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mikko Pakarinen
- Section of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatric Liver and Gut Research Group, New Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Davenport
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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11
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Budi NYP, Lai WY, Huang YH, Ho HN. 3D organoid cultivation improves the maturation and functional differentiation of cholangiocytes from human pluripotent stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1361084. [PMID: 39040044 PMCID: PMC11260683 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1361084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic cholangiopathies are diseases that affect cholangiocytes, and they have unknown etiologies. Currently, orthotopic liver transplantation is the only treatment available for end-stage liver disease. Limited access to the bile duct makes it difficult to model cholangiocyte diseases. In this study, by mimicking the embryonic development of cholangiocytes and using a robust, feeder- and serum-free protocol, we first demonstrate the generation of unique functional 3D organoids consisting of small and large cholangiocytes derived from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), as opposed to traditional 2D culture systems. At day 28 of differentiation, the human PSC-derived cholangiocytes expressed markers of mature cholangiocytes, such as CK7, CK19, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Compared with the 2D culture system-generated cholangiocytes, the 3D cholangiocyte organoids (COs) showed higher expression of the region-specific markers of intrahepatic cholangiocytes YAP1 and JAG1 and extrahepatic cholangiocytes AQP1 and MUC1. Furthermore, the COs had small-large tube-like structures and functional assays revealed that they exhibited characteristics of mature cholangiocytes, such as multidrug resistance protein 1 transporter function and CFTR channel activity. In addition to the extracellular matrix supports, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling regulation might be involved in this cholangiocyte maturation and differentiation. These results indicated the successful generation of intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocytes by using our 3D organoid protocol. The results highlight the advantages of our 3D culture system over the 2D culture system in promoting the functional differentiation and maturation of cholangiocytes. In summary, in advance of the previous works, our study provides a possible concept of small-large cholangiocyte transdifferentiation of human PSCs under cost-effective 3D culture conditions. The study findings have implications for the development of effective cell-based therapy using COs for patients with cholangiopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nova Yuli Prasetyo Budi
- International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Pediatric Surgery Division, Department of Surgery/Genetics Working Group, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Wei-Yu Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- International Ph.D. Program in Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Hermans F, Hasevoets S, Vankelecom H, Bronckaers A, Lambrichts I. From Pluripotent Stem Cells to Organoids and Bioprinting: Recent Advances in Dental Epithelium and Ameloblast Models to Study Tooth Biology and Regeneration. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1184-1199. [PMID: 38498295 PMCID: PMC11222197 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10702-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Ameloblasts are the specialized dental epithelial cell type responsible for enamel formation. Following completion of enamel development in humans, ameloblasts are lost and biological repair or regeneration of enamel is not possible. In the past, in vitro models to study dental epithelium and ameloblast biology were limited to freshly isolated primary cells or immortalized cell lines, both with limited translational potential. In recent years, large strides have been made with the development of induced pluripotent stem cell and organoid models of this essential dental lineage - both enabling modeling of human dental epithelium. Upon induction with several different signaling factors (such as transforming growth factor and bone morphogenetic proteins) these models display elevated expression of ameloblast markers and enamel matrix proteins. The advent of 3D bioprinting, and its potential combination with these advanced cellular tools, is poised to revolutionize the field - and its potential for tissue engineering, regenerative and personalized medicine. As the advancements in these technologies are rapidly evolving, we evaluate the current state-of-the-art regarding in vitro cell culture models of dental epithelium and ameloblast lineage with a particular focus toward their applicability for translational tissue engineering and regenerative/personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hermans
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.
| | - Steffie Hasevoets
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Hugo Vankelecom
- Laboratory of Tissue Plasticity in Health and Disease, Cluster of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Annelies Bronckaers
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Cardiology and Organ Systems (COS), Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium.
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13
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Lu C, Le Q. Advances in Organoid Technology: A Focus on Corneal Limbal Organoids. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2024; 20:1227-1235. [PMID: 38558362 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-024-10706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Organoid technology provides a versatile platform for simulating organogenesis, investigating disease pathogenesis, and exploring therapeutic interventions. Among various types of organoids that have been developed, corneal limbal organoids, the three-dimensional miniaturized corneas which are derived from either pluripotent stem cells or limbal epithelial stem cells, are particularly promising for clinical translation. This narrative review summarized the state-of-the-art in corneal limbal organoids research including the cultivation methods, clinical relevance and its limitations and challenges. The potential of corneal limbal organoids in mimicking corneal development, disease modelling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine was discussed. Technical improvements in cultivation techniques, imaging modalities, and gene editing tools are anticipated to overcome current limitations and further promote its clinical potential. Despite challenges and difficulties, the development of corneal limbal organoids opens a new era of regenerative medicine and provides a potential source of stem cell replacement therapies for challenging corneal diseases with the establishment of an in vitro corneal limbal organoid bank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwei Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qihua Le
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Research Center, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Myopia Key Laboratory of Ministry of Health, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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14
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Wan Y, Ding J, Jia Z, Hong Y, Tian G, Zheng S, Pan P, Wang J, Liang H. Current trends and research topics regarding organoids: A bibliometric analysis of global research from 2000 to 2023. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32965. [PMID: 39022082 PMCID: PMC11253259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of animal models for biological experiments is no longer sufficient for research related to human life and disease. The development of organ tissues has replaced animal models by mimicking the structure, function, development and homeostasis of natural organs. This provides more opportunities to study human diseases such as cancer, infectious diseases and genetic disorders. In this study, bibliometric methods were used to analyze organoid-related articles published over the last 20+ years to identify emerging trends and frontiers in organoid research. A total of 13,143 articles from 4125 institutions in 86 countries or regions were included in the analysis. The number of papers increased steadily over the 20-year period. The United States was the leading country in terms of number of papers and citations. Harvard Medical School had the highest number of papers published. Keyword analysis revealed research trends and focus areas such as organ tissues, stem cells, 3D culture and tissue engineering. In conclusion, this study used bibliometric and visualization methods to explore the field of organoid research and found that organ tissues are receiving increasing attention in areas such as cancer, drug discovery, personalized medicine, genetic disease modelling and gene repair, making them a current research hotspot and a future research trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantong Wan
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Ding
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Jia
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghao Hong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guijie Tian
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqian Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou, China
| | - Pinfei Pan
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieyan Wang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of Urology, People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518109, China
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15
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Chen Z, Gao J, Li Z, Ma D, Wang Y, Cheng Q, Zhu J, Li Z. Integrative analysis reveals different feature of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma subtypes. Liver Int 2024. [PMID: 38924592 DOI: 10.1111/liv.16015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) has two main histological subtypes: large and small duct-type iCCA, which are characterized by different clinicopathological features. This study was conducted with the purpose of expanding our understanding of their differences in molecular features and immune microenvironment. METHODS We selected 132 patients who underwent radical surgery at our department between 2015 and 2021 for clinical and survival analyses. Whole-exome sequencing was performed to analyse mutational landscapes. Bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing data were used for pathway enrichment and immune infiltration analyses based on differentially expressed genes. The function of PPP1R1B was analysed both in vitro and in vivo and the gene mechanism was further investigated. RESULTS We found that large duct-type iCCA had worse overall survival and recurrence-free survival rates than small duct-type iCCA. Mutations in ARID1A, DOT1L and ELF3 usually occur in large duct-type iCCA, whereas mutations in IDH1 and BAP1 occur in small duct-type iCCA. Among the differentially expressed genes, we found that PPP1R1B was highly expressed in large duct-type iCCA tumour tissues. Expression of PPP1R1B promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion and indicated a worse prognosis. A combination of USF2 with the promoter of PPP1R1B can enhance gene expression in iCCA, which may further affect the expression of genes such as AHNAK, C4BPA and activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings extend our understanding of large and small duct-type iCCA. In addition, PPP1R1B may serve as a potential marker and therapeutic target for large duct-type iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuomiaoyu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center of Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Organ Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zuyin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Delin Ma
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiye Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center of Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Organ Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of HCC and Liver Cirrhosis, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center of Liver Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking University Institute of Organ Transplantation, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Miyazaki N, Takami S, Uemura M, Oiki H, Takahashi M, Kawashima H, Kanamori Y, Yoshioka T, Kasahara M, Nakazawa A, Higashi M, Yanagida A, Hiramatsu R, Kanai-Azuma M, Fujishiro J, Kanai Y. Impact of gallbladder hypoplasia on hilar hepatic ducts in biliary atresia. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:111. [PMID: 38862768 PMCID: PMC11166647 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary atresia (BA) is an intractable disease of unknown cause that develops in the neonatal period. It causes jaundice and liver damage due to the destruction of extrahepatic biliary tracts,. We have found that heterozygous knockout mice of the SRY related HMG-box 17 (Sox17) gene, a master regulator of stem/progenitor cells in the gallbladder wall, exhibit a condition like BA. However, the precise contribution of hypoplastic gallbladder wall to the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary disease in Sox17 heterozygous embryos and human BA remains unclear. METHODS We employed cholangiography and histological analyses in the mouse BA model. Furthermore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of human BA. RESULTS We show that gallbladder wall hypoplasia causes abnormal multiple connections between the hilar hepatic bile ducts and the gallbladder-cystic duct in Sox17 heterozygous embryos. These multiple hilar extrahepatic ducts fuse with the developing intrahepatic duct walls and pull them out of the liver parenchyma, resulting in abnormal intrahepatic duct network and severe cholestasis. In human BA with gallbladder wall hypoplasia (i.e., abnormally reduced expression of SOX17), we also identify a strong association between reduced gallbladder width (a morphometric parameter indicating gallbladder wall hypoplasia) and severe liver injury at the time of the Kasai surgery, like the Sox17-mutant mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Together with the close correlation between gallbladder wall hypoplasia and liver damage in both mouse and human cases, these findings provide an insight into the critical role of SOX17-positive gallbladder walls in establishing functional bile duct networks in the hepatic hilus of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanae Miyazaki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shohei Takami
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Uemura
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironobu Oiki
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masataka Takahashi
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawashima
- Department of Surgery, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kanamori
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Specialties, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Yoshioka
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakazawa
- Department of Clinical Research, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Higashi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto Kamikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yanagida
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hiramatsu
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Kanai-Azuma
- Center for Experimental Animals, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Fujishiro
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, the University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiakira Kanai
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Okumura A, Aoshima K, Tanimizu N. Generation of in vivo-like multicellular liver organoids by mimicking developmental processes: A review. Regen Ther 2024; 26:219-234. [PMID: 38903867 PMCID: PMC11186971 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver is involved in metabolic reactions, ammonia detoxification, and immunity. Multicellular liver tissue cultures are more desirable for drug screening, disease modeling, and researching transplantation therapy, than hepatocytes monocultures. Hepatocytes monocultures are not stable for long. Further, hepatocyte-like cells induced from pluripotent stem cells and in vivo hepatocytes are functionally dissimilar. Organoid technology circumvents these issues by generating functional ex vivo liver tissue from intrinsic liver progenitor cells and extrinsic stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells. To function as in vivo liver tissue, the liver organoid cells must be arranged precisely in the 3-dimensional space, closely mimicking in vivo liver tissue. Moreover, for long term functioning, liver organoids must be appropriately vascularized and in contact with neighboring epithelial tissues (e.g., bile canaliculi and intrahepatic bile duct, or intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts). Recent discoveries in liver developmental biology allows one to successfully induce liver component cells and generate organoids. Thus, here, in this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on liver development with a focus on its application in generating different liver organoids. We also cover the future prospects in creating (functionally and structurally) in vivo-like liver organoids using the current knowledge on liver development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Okumura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Kenji Aoshima
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanimizu
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
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18
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De Goeij FHC, De Meijer V, Mergental H, Guarrera JV, Asthana S, Ghinolfi D, Boteon YL, Selzner N, Kalisvaart M, Pulitano C, Sonnenday C, Martins PN, Berlakovich G, Schlegel A. Challenges With the Implementation of Machine Perfusion in Clinical Liver Transplantation. Transplantation 2024; 108:1296-1307. [PMID: 38057969 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic organ preservation is a relatively old technique which has regained significant interest in the last decade. Machine perfusion (MP) techniques are applied in various fields of solid organ transplantation today. The first clinical series of ex situ MP in liver transplantation was presented in 2010. Since then, the number of research and clinical applications has substantially increased. Despite the notable beneficial effect on organ quality and recipient outcome, MP is still not routinely used in liver transplantation. Based on the enormous need to better preserve organs and the subsequent demand to continuously innovate and develop perfusion equipment further, this technology is also beneficial to test and deliver future therapeutic strategies to livers before implantation. This article summarizes the various challenges observed during the current shift from static to dynamic liver preservation in the clinical setting. The different organ perfusion strategies are discussed first, together with ongoing clinical trials and future study design. The current status of research and the impact of costs and regulations is highlighted next. Factors contributing to costs and other required resources for a worldwide successful implementation and reimbursement are presented third. The impact of research on cost-utility and effectivity to guide the tailored decision-making regarding the optimal perfusion strategy is discussed next. Finally, this article provides potential solutions to the challenging field of innovation in healthcare considering the various social and economic factors and the role of clinical, regulatory, and financial stakeholders worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke H C De Goeij
- Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Transplant Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent De Meijer
- Department of Surgery, Section of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Surgical Research Laboratory, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hynek Mergental
- The Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- The Liver Unit, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - James V Guarrera
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ
| | | | - Davide Ghinolfi
- Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Pisa Medical School Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yuri L Boteon
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nazia Selzner
- Ajmera Transplant Center, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marit Kalisvaart
- Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Swiss HPB Centre, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Pulitano
- Australian National Liver Transplantation Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Paulo N Martins
- Division of Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Massachusetts Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | - Gabriela Berlakovich
- Division of Transplantation, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Transplantation Center, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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19
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Afonso MB, Marques V, van Mil SW, Rodrigues CM. Human liver organoids: From generation to applications. Hepatology 2024; 79:1432-1451. [PMID: 36815360 PMCID: PMC11095893 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, research into human hepatology has been revolutionized by the development of mini human livers in a dish. These liver organoids are formed by self-organizing stem cells and resemble their native counterparts in cellular content, multicellular architecture, and functional features. Liver organoids can be derived from the liver tissue or pluripotent stem cells generated from a skin biopsy, blood cells, or renal epithelial cells present in urine. With the development of liver organoids, a large part of previous hurdles in modeling the human liver is likely to be solved, enabling possibilities to better model liver disease, improve (personalized) drug testing, and advance bioengineering options. In this review, we address strategies to generate and use organoids in human liver disease modeling, followed by a discussion of their potential application in drug development and therapeutics, as well as their strengths and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vanda Marques
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Saskia W.C. van Mil
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia M.P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
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20
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de Haan MJA, Jacobs ME, Witjas FMR, de Graaf AMA, Sánchez-López E, Kostidis S, Giera M, Calderon Novoa F, Chu T, Selzner M, Maanaoui M, de Vries DK, Kers J, Alwayn IPJ, van Kooten C, Heijs B, Wang G, Engelse MA, Rabelink TJ. A cell-free nutrient-supplemented perfusate allows four-day ex vivo metabolic preservation of human kidneys. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3818. [PMID: 38740760 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47106-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing disparity between the demand for transplants and the available donor supply, coupled with an aging donor population and increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, highlights the urgent need for the development of platforms enabling reconditioning, repair, and regeneration of deceased donor organs. This necessitates the ability to preserve metabolically active kidneys ex vivo for days. However, current kidney normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) approaches allow metabolic preservation only for hours. Here we show that human kidneys discarded for transplantation can be preserved in a metabolically active state up to 4 days when perfused with a cell-free perfusate supplemented with TCA cycle intermediates at subnormothermia (25 °C). Using spatially resolved isotope tracing we demonstrate preserved metabolic fluxes in the kidney microenvironment up to Day 4 of perfusion. Beyond Day 4, significant changes were observed in renal cell populations through spatial lipidomics, and increases in injury markers such as LDH, NGAL and oxidized lipids. Finally, we demonstrate that perfused kidneys maintain functional parameters up to Day 4. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that this approach enables metabolic and functional preservation of human kidneys over multiple days, establishing a solid foundation for future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon J A de Haan
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen E Jacobs
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Franca M R Witjas
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M A de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sarantos Kostidis
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Giera
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tunpang Chu
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Department of Surgery, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mehdi Maanaoui
- University of Lille, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (CHU Lille), Institute Pasteur Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dorottya K de Vries
- Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jesper Kers
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian P J Alwayn
- Transplant Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Heijs
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gangqi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Marten A Engelse
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) & Einthoven Laboratory of Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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21
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Bonaccorsi-Riani E, Ghinolfi D, Czigany Z, Dondossola D, Emamaullee J, Yuksel M, Boteon YL, Al-Adra D, Ho CM, Abdelrahim M, Pang L, Barbas A, Meier R, MacParland S, Sayed BA, Pavan-Guimaraes J, Brüggenwirth IMA, Zarrinpar A, Mas VR, Selzner M, Martins PN, Bhat M. What Is Hot and New in Basic and Translational Science in Liver Transplantation in 2023? Report of the Basic and Translational Research Committee of the International Liver Transplantation Society. Transplantation 2024; 108:1043-1052. [PMID: 38494468 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The 2023 Joint Annual Congress of the International Liver Transplantation Society, European Liver and Intestine Transplant Association, and Liver Intensive Care Group of Europe were held in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, from May 3 to 6, 2023. This year, all speakers were invited to attend the Congress in person for the first time since the COVID-19 pandemic. The congress was attended by 1159 registered delegates from 54 countries representing 5 continents, with the 10 countries comprising the bulk of the delegates. Of the 647 abstracts initially submitted, 542 were eventually presented at the meeting, coming from 38 countries (mainly North America, Europe, and Asia) and 85% of them (462 abstracts) came from only 10 countries. Fifty-three (9.8%) abstracts, originated from 17 countries, were submitted under the Basic/Translational Scientific Research category, a similar percentage as in 2022. Abstracts presented at the meeting were classified as (1) ischemia and reperfusion injury, (2) machine perfusion, (3) bioengineering and liver regeneration, (4) transplant oncology, (5) novel biomarkers in liver transplantation, (6) liver immunology (rejection and tolerance), and (7) artificial intelligence and machine learning. Finally, we evaluated the number of abstracts commented in the Basic and Translational Research Committee-International Liver Transplantation Society annual reports over the past 5 y that resulted in publications in peer-reviewed journals to measure their scientific impact in the field of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliano Bonaccorsi-Riani
- Abdominal Transplant Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation-Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Davide Ghinolfi
- Division of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University Hospital of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoltan Czigany
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniele Dondossola
- General and Liver Transplant Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi, Milan, Italy
| | - Juliet Emamaullee
- Department of Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Muhammed Yuksel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yuri L Boteon
- Transplant Centre, Hospital São Luiz Itaim, Rede D'OR, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Al-Adra
- Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Cheng-Maw Ho
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Maen Abdelrahim
- Section of GI Medical Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li Pang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrew Barbas
- Division of Abdominal Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Raphael Meier
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sonya MacParland
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Blayne Amir Sayed
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Juliana Pavan-Guimaraes
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, UMass Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | | | - Ali Zarrinpar
- Division of Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Valeria R Mas
- Surgical Sciences Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Markus Selzner
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paulo N Martins
- Department of Surgery, Transplant Division, UMass Memorial Hospital, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Park S, Cho SW. Bioengineering toolkits for potentiating organoid therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115238. [PMID: 38447933 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional, multicellular constructs that recapitulate the structural and functional features of specific organs. Because of these characteristics, organoids have been widely applied in biomedical research in recent decades. Remarkable advancements in organoid technology have positioned them as promising candidates for regenerative medicine. However, current organoids still have limitations, such as the absence of internal vasculature, limited functionality, and a small size that is not commensurate with that of actual organs. These limitations hinder their survival and regenerative effects after transplantation. Another significant concern is the reliance on mouse tumor-derived matrix in organoid culture, which is unsuitable for clinical translation due to its tumor origin and safety issues. Therefore, our aim is to describe engineering strategies and alternative biocompatible materials that can facilitate the practical applications of organoids in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, we highlight meaningful progress in organoid transplantation, with a particular emphasis on the functional restoration of various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Park
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Jin H, Xue Z, Liu J, Ma B, Yang J, Lei L. Advancing Organoid Engineering for Tissue Regeneration and Biofunctional Reconstruction. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0016. [PMID: 38628309 PMCID: PMC11018530 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage and functional abnormalities in organs have become a considerable clinical challenge. Organoids are often applied as disease models and in drug discovery and screening. Indeed, several studies have shown that organoids are an important strategy for achieving tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction. In contrast to established stem cell therapies, organoids have high clinical relevance. However, conventional approaches have limited the application of organoids in clinical regenerative medicine. Engineered organoids might have the capacity to overcome these challenges. Bioengineering-a multidisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biomedicine-has bridged the gap between engineering and medicine to promote human health. More specifically, bioengineering principles have been applied to organoids to accelerate their clinical translation. In this review, beginning with the basic concepts of organoids, we describe strategies for cultivating engineered organoids and discuss the multiple engineering modes to create conditions for breakthroughs in organoid research. Subsequently, studies on the application of engineered organoids in biofunction reconstruction and tissue repair are presented. Finally, we highlight the limitations and challenges hindering the utilization of engineered organoids in clinical applications. Future research will focus on cultivating engineered organoids using advanced bioengineering tools for personalized tissue repair and biofunction reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairong Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
- Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Zengqi Xue
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Jinnv Liu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology,
The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jianfeng Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325200, China
| | - Lanjie Lei
- Institute of Translational Medicine,
Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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24
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Mao W, Li W, Hu X. Tumor hyperthermia research progress and application prospect in tumoroids (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2024; 20:31. [PMID: 38476334 PMCID: PMC10928662 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2024.2729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor hyperthermia is the fifth tumor treatment method after surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and biological therapy, and is also one of the important adjuvant treatment methods for tumors. Hyperthermia can not only directly eliminate tumor cells, but also stimulate the antitumor immune response of the body, and improve the sensitivity of tumor tissues to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An organoid is a tissue-specific cell cluster formed by 3D culture of various types of cells derived from target organ stem cells, which can reproduce the functions of target organs in vivo. At present, the research models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in vitro are mainly 2D culture cell line models, and there is no clinical report on tumor hyperthermia using HCC tumoroids. It was hypothesized that this will be a promising research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanchang University Infectious Disease Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Wen Li
- Central Laboratory, Nanchang University Infectious Disease Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330002, P.R. China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Organ Transplantation Center, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Donghu, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330001, P.R. China
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25
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Konkwo C, Chowdhury S, Vilarinho S. Genetics of liver disease in adults. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0408. [PMID: 38551385 PMCID: PMC10984672 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease stands as a significant global health problem with an estimated 2 million annual deaths across the globe. Combining the use of next-generation sequencing technologies with evolving knowledge in the interpretation of genetic variation across the human genome is propelling our understanding, diagnosis, and management of both rare and common liver diseases. Here, we review the contribution of risk and protective alleles to common forms of liver disease, the rising number of monogenic diseases affecting the liver, and the role of somatic genetic variants in the onset and progression of oncological and non-oncological liver diseases. The incorporation of genomic information in the diagnosis and management of patients with liver disease is driving the beginning of a new era of genomics-informed clinical hepatology practice, facilitating personalized medicine, and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chigoziri Konkwo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shanin Chowdhury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Silvia Vilarinho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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26
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Feng S, Roll GR, Rouhani FJ, Sanchez Fueyo A. The future of liver transplantation. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00817. [PMID: 38537154 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, liver transplantation has evolved into a procedure routinely performed in many countries worldwide. Those able to access this therapy frequently experience a miraculous risk-benefit ratio, particularly if they face the imminently life-threatening disease. Over the decades, the success of liver transplantation, with dramatic improvements in early posttransplant survival, has aggressively driven demand. However, despite the emergence of living donors to augment deceased donors as a source of organs, supply has lagged far behind demand. As a result, rationing has been an unfortunate focus in recent decades. Recent shifts in the epidemiology of liver disease combined with transformative innovations in liver preservation suggest that the underlying premise of organ shortage may erode in the foreseeable future. The focus will sharpen on improving equitable access while mitigating constraints related to workforce training, infrastructure for organ recovery and rehabilitation, and their associated costs. Research efforts in liver preservation will undoubtedly blossom with the aim of optimizing both the timing and conditions of transplantation. Coupled with advances in genetic engineering, regenerative biology, and cellular therapies, the portfolio of innovation, both broad and deep, offers the promise that, in the future, liver transplantation will not only be broadly available to those in need but also represent a highly durable life-saving therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Feng
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garrett R Roll
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplant Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Foad J Rouhani
- Tissue Regeneration and Clonal Evolution Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Alberto Sanchez Fueyo
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College London, King's College Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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27
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Parente A, Sun K, Dutkowski P, Shapiro AMJ, Schlegel A. Routine utilization of machine perfusion in liver transplantation: Ready for prime time? World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1488-1493. [PMID: 38617447 PMCID: PMC11008417 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i11.1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The last decade has been notable for increasing high-quality research and dramatic improvement in outcomes with dynamic liver preservation. Robust evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials has been pooled by meta-analyses, providing the highest available evidence on the protective effect of machine perfusion (MP) over static cold storage in liver transplantation (LT). Based on a protective effect with less complications and improved graft survival, the field has seen a paradigm shift in organ preservation. This editorial focuses on the role of MP in LT and how it could become the new "gold standard". Strong collaborative efforts are needed to explore its effects on long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Parente
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Keyue Sun
- Immunity and Inflammation, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
| | - Philipp Dutkowski
- Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center, Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - AM James Shapiro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Andrea Schlegel
- Immunity and Inflammation, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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28
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Watson CJ, Gaurav R, Butler AJ. Current Techniques and Indications for Machine Perfusion and Regional Perfusion in Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2024; 14:101309. [PMID: 38274508 PMCID: PMC10806097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2023.101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the advent of University of Wisconsin preservation solution in the 1980s, clinicians have learned to work within its confines. While affording improved outcomes, considerable limitations still exist and contribute to the large number of livers that go unused each year, often for fear they may never work. The last 10 years have seen the widespread availability of new perfusion modalities which provide an opportunity for assessing organ viability and prolonged organ storage. This review will discuss the role of in situ normothermic regional perfusion for livers donated after circulatory death. It will also describe the different modalities of ex situ perfusion, both normothermic and hypothermic, and discuss how they are thought to work and the opportunities afforded by them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J.E. Watson
- University of Cambridge Department of Surgery, Box 210, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- The Roy Calne Transplant Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Rohit Gaurav
- The Roy Calne Transplant Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Andrew J. Butler
- University of Cambridge Department of Surgery, Box 210, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
- The Roy Calne Transplant Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
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29
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Cardinale V, Paradiso S, Alvaro D. Biliary stem cells in health and cholangiopathies and cholangiocarcinoma. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2024; 40:92-98. [PMID: 38320197 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000001005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review discusses evidence regarding progenitor populations of the biliary tree in the tissue regeneration and homeostasis, and the pathobiology of cholangiopathies and malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS In embryogenesis biliary multipotent progenitor subpopulation contributes cells not only to the pancreas and gall bladder but also to the liver. Cells equipped with a constellation of markers suggestive of the primitive endodermal phenotype exist in the peribiliary glands, the bile duct glands, of the intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts. These cells are able to be isolated and cultured easily, which demonstrates the persistence of a stable phenotype during in vitro expansion, the ability to self-renew in vitro, and the ability to differentiate between hepatocyte and biliary and pancreatic islet fates. SUMMARY In normal human livers, stem/progenitors cells are mostly restricted in two distinct niches, which are the bile ductules/canals of Hering and the peribiliary glands (PBGs) present inside the wall of large intrahepatic bile ducts. The existence of a network of stem/progenitor cell niches within the liver and along the entire biliary tree inform a patho-biological-based translational approach to biliary diseases and cholangiocarcinoma since it poses the basis to understand biliary regeneration after extensive or chronic injuries and progression to fibrosis and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Savino Paradiso
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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30
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Zhang T, Qian C, Song M, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Dong G, Shen Q, Chen W, Wang A, Shen S, Zhao Y, Lu Y. Application Prospect of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Organoids and Cell Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2680. [PMID: 38473926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since its inception, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has been hailed as a powerful tool for comprehending disease etiology and advancing drug screening across various domains. While earlier iPSC-based disease modeling and drug assessment primarily operated at the cellular level, recent years have witnessed a significant shift towards organoid-based investigations. Organoids derived from iPSCs offer distinct advantages, particularly in enabling the observation of disease progression and drug metabolism in an in vivo-like environment, surpassing the capabilities of iPSC-derived cells. Furthermore, iPSC-based cell therapy has emerged as a focal point of clinical interest. In this review, we provide an extensive overview of non-integrative reprogramming methods that have evolved since the inception of iPSC technology. We also deliver a comprehensive examination of iPSC-derived organoids, spanning the realms of the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and oncology, as well as systematically elucidate recent advancements in iPSC-related cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengyao Song
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Tang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yueke Zhou
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guanglu Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiuhong Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aiyun Wang
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Yang Zhao
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yin Lu
- Jiangsu Joint International Research Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Regenerative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Obeid DA, Mir TA, Alzhrani A, Altuhami A, Shamma T, Ahmed S, Kazmi S, Fujitsuka I, Ikhlaq M, Shabab M, Assiri AM, Broering DC. Using Liver Organoids as Models to Study the Pathobiology of Rare Liver Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:446. [PMID: 38398048 PMCID: PMC10887144 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver organoids take advantage of several important features of pluripotent stem cells that self-assemble in a three-dimensional culture matrix and reproduce many aspects of the complex organization found within their native tissue or organ counterparts. Compared to other 2D or 3D in vitro models, organoids are widely believed to be genetically stable or docile structures that can be programmed to virtually recapitulate certain biological, physiological, or pathophysiological features of original tissues or organs in vitro. Therefore, organoids can be exploited as effective substitutes or miniaturized models for the study of the developmental mechanisms of rare liver diseases, drug discovery, the accurate evaluation of personalized drug responses, and regenerative medicine applications. However, the bioengineering of organoids currently faces many groundbreaking challenges, including a need for a reasonable tissue size, structured organization, vascularization, functional maturity, and reproducibility. In this review, we outlined basic methodologies and supplements to establish organoids and summarized recent technological advances for experimental liver biology. Finally, we discussed the therapeutic applications and current limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A. Obeid
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Tanveer Ahmad Mir
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Alaa Alzhrani
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Altuhami
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Talal Shamma
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sana Ahmed
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shadab Kazmi
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi 923-1292, Ishikawa, Japan
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | | | - Mohd Ikhlaq
- Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Toyama, Japan
| | - Mohammad Shabab
- School of Pharmacy, Desh Bhagat University, Mandi Gobindgarh 147301, Punjab, India
| | - Abdullah M. Assiri
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dieter C. Broering
- Tissue/Organ Bioengineering and BioMEMS Lab, Organ Transplant Centre of Excellence, Transplant Research and Innovation Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia (A.A.); (S.A.)
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
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Lee S, Memon A, Chae SC, Shin D, Choi TY. Epcam regulates intrahepatic bile duct reconstruction in zebrafish, providing a potential model for primary cholangitis model. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 696:149512. [PMID: 38224664 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAMs) have been identified as surface markers of proliferating ductal cells, which are referred to as liver progenitor cells (LPCs), during liver regeneration and correspond to malignancies. These cells can differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells (BECs) in vitro. EpCAM-positive LPCs are involved in liver regeneration following severe liver injury; however, the in vivo function of EpCAMs in the regenerating liver remains unclear. In the present study, we used a zebrafish model of LPC-driven liver regeneration to elucidate the function of EpCAMs in the regenerating liver in vivo. Proliferating ductal cells were observed after severe hepatocyte loss in the zebrafish model. Analyses of the liver size as well as hepatocyte and BEC markers revealed successful conversion of LPCs to hepatocytes and BECs in epcam mutants. Notably, epcam mutants exhibited severe defects in intrahepatic duct maturation and bile acid secretion in regenerating hepatocytes, suggesting that epcam plays a critical role in intrahepatic duct reconstruction during LPC-driven liver regeneration. Our findings provide insights into human diseases involving non-parenchymal cells, such as primary biliary cholangitis, by highlighting the regulatory effect of epcam on intrahepatic duct reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeo Lee
- Department of Pathology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Azra Memon
- Department of Pathology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Cheon Chae
- Department of Pathology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Shin
- Department of Developmental Biology, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Tae-Young Choi
- Department of Pathology, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Sun Y, You Y, Wu Q, Hu R, Dai K. Genetically inspired organoids prevent joint degeneration and alleviate chondrocyte senescence via Col11a1-HIF1α-mediated glycolysis-OXPHOS metabolism shift. Clin Transl Med 2024; 14:e1574. [PMID: 38314968 PMCID: PMC10840017 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Developmental dysplasia of hip (DDH) is a hip joint disorder leading to subsequent osteoarthritis. Previous studies suggested collagen XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) as a potential gene in hip dysplasia and chondrocyte degeneration. However, no genetic association has reported COL11A1-related cellular therapy as treatment of DDH and joint degeneration. METHODS AND RESULTS We report identified genetic association between COL11A1 locus and DDH with genome-wide association study (GWAS). Further exome sequencing for familial DDH patients was conducted in different populations to identify potential pathogenic Col11A1 variants for familiar DDH. Further studies demonstrated involvement of COL11A1 expression was down-regulated in femoral head cartilage of DDH patients and Col11a1-KO mice with induced DDH. Col11a1-KO mice demonstrated aggravated joint degeneration and severe OA phenotype. To explore the underlying mechanism of Col11a1 in cartilage and DDH development, we generated scRNA-seq profiles for DDH and Col11a1-KO cartilage, demonstrating disrupted chondrocyte homeostasis and cellular senescence caused by Col11a1-HIF1α-mediated glycolysis-OXPHOS shift in chondrocytes. Genetically and biologically inspired, we further fabricated an intra-articular injection therapy to preventing cartilage degeneration by generating a Col11a1-over-expressed (OE) SMSC mini-organoids. Col11a1-OE organoids demonstrated superior chondrogenesis and ameliorated cartilage degeneration in DDH mice via regulating cellular senescence by up-regulated Col11a1/HIF1α-mediated glycolysis in chondrocytes. CONCLUSION We reported association between COL11A1 loci and DDH with GWAS and exome sequencing. Further studies demonstrated involvement of COL11A1 in DDH patients and Col11a1-KO mice. ScRNA-seq for DDH and Col11a1-KO cartilage demonstrated disrupted chondrocyte homeostasis and cellular senescence caused by Col11a1-HIF1α-mediated glycolysis-OXPHOS shift in chondrocytes. Genetically and biologically inspired, an intra-articular injection therapy was fabricated to prevent cartilage degeneration with Col11a1-OE SMSC organoids. Col11a1-OE organoids ameliorated cartilage degeneration in DDH mice via regulating cellular senescence by up-regulated Col11a1/HIF1α-mediated glycolysis in chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Sun
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantsShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yongqing You
- Department of Renal DiseasesAffiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjingChina
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantsShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Rui Hu
- Department of OrthopaedicsThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityJiangsuChina
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic SurgeryShanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic ImplantsShanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
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Li H, Li J, Wang T, Sun K, Huang G, Cao Y, Wu F, Xu A. Hepatobiliary organoids differentiated from hiPSCs relieve cholestasis-induced liver fibrosis in nonhuman primates. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:1160-1179. [PMID: 38385067 PMCID: PMC10878143 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.90441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat end-stage liver disease due to the shortage of available organs. Although cell transplantation holds considerable promise, its availability is limited due to the low engrafted cell mass and lack of unifying cell transplantation strategies. Here, we optimally established human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived functional hepatobiliary organoids (HBOs) based on our previous research and transplanted them into a monkey model via liver subcapsular and submesenteric transplantation routes to assess their potential clinical application. Our study revealed that HBO transplantation could safely and effectively improve hepatoprotection effects by antiapoptotic and antifibrotic agents. In addition, we also discovered that while multiple HBO transplantation pathways may have a shared effector mechanism, their respective treatment approaches have distinct advantages. Transplantation of HBOs could promote the high expression of CTSV in hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells, which might halt the progression of hepatic sinusoidal capillarization and liver fibrosis. Liver subcapsular transplants had stronger pro-CTSV upregulation than HBO submesenteric transplants, which could be attributed to naturally high CTSV expression in HBOs. Interestingly, both transplantation routes of HBOs were targeted the injured liver and triggered a new pattern of ductular reaction to alleviate the degree of liver fibrosis by surrounding the area with CK19-positive labeled cells. These residing, homing and repairing effects might be related to the high expression of MMP family genes. By promoting a unique pattern of ductular reactions, submesenteric HBO transplantation has a more representative antifibrotic impact than liver subcapsular transplantation. Altogether, our data strongly imply that the treatment of severe liver diseases with liver subcapsular and submesenteric transplantation of HBOs may be clinically effective and safe. These findings provide new insight into HBOs for further experimental and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beizhong Jingyuan Biotechnology (Beijing) Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Sun
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangrui Huang
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- Beizhong Jingyuan Biotechnology (Beijing) Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Cao
- Beizhong Jingyuan Biotechnology (Beijing) Limited, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Tangyi Holdings (Shenzhen) Limited, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenfang Wu
- Shenzhen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518116, People's Republic of China
| | - Anlong Xu
- School of Life Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, College of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, People's Republic of China
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Stüve P, Nerb B, Harrer S, Wuttke M, Feuerer M, Junger H, Eggenhofer E, Lungu B, Laslau S, Ritter U. Analysis of organoid and immune cell co-cultures by machine learning-empowered image cytometry. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1274482. [PMID: 38298516 PMCID: PMC10827864 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1274482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) structures that can be derived from stem cells or adult tissue progenitor cells and exhibit an extraordinary ability to autonomously organize and resemble the cellular composition and architectural integrity of specific tissue segments. This feature makes them a useful tool for analyzing therapeutical relevant aspects, including organ development, wound healing, immune disorders and drug discovery. Most organoid models do not contain cells that mimic the neighboring tissue’s microenvironment, which could potentially hinder deeper mechanistic studies. However, to use organoid models in mechanistic studies, which would enable us to better understand pathophysiological processes, it is necessary to emulate the in situ microenvironment. This can be accomplished by incorporating selected cells of interest from neighboring tissues into the organoid culture. Nevertheless, the detection and quantification of organoids in such co-cultures remains a major technical challenge. These imaging analysis approaches would require an accurate separation of organoids from the other cell types in the co-culture. To efficiently detect and analyze 3D organoids in co-cultures, we developed a high-throughput imaging analysis platform. This method integrates automated imaging techniques and advanced image processing tools such as grayscale conversion, contrast enhancement, membrane detection and structure separation. Based on machine learning algorithms, we were able to identify and classify 3D organoids within dense co-cultures of immune cells. This procedure allows a high-throughput analysis of organoid-associated parameters such as quantity, size, and shape. Therefore, the technology has significant potential to advance contextualized research using organoid co-cultures and their potential applications in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Stüve
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Nerb
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Selina Harrer
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marina Wuttke
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Feuerer
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Junger
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elke Eggenhofer
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Uwe Ritter
- Division of Immunology, LIT – Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
- Chair for Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Montagud-Marrahi E, Luque Y, Ros RR, Ajami T, Cuadrado-Payan E, Estrella H, Arancibia A, Sánchez-Etayo G, Bohils M, Marrero R, Fundora Y, Ramírez-Bajo MJ, Banon-Maneus E, Rovira J, Larque AB, Campistol JM, Diekmann F, Musquera M. Ex vivo normothermic preservation of a kidney graft from uncontrolled donation after circulatory death over 73 hours. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1330043. [PMID: 38283171 PMCID: PMC10811075 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1330043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The transplant community is focused on prolonging the ex vivo preservation time of kidney grafts to allow for long-distance kidney graft transportation, assess the viability of marginal grafts, and optimize a platform for the translation of innovative therapeutics to clinical practice, especially those focused on cell and vector delivery to organ conditioning and reprogramming. We describe the first case of feasible preservation of a kidney from a donor after uncontrolled circulatory death over a 73-h period using normothermic perfusion and analyze hemodynamic, biochemical, histological, and transcriptomic parameters for inflammation and kidney injury. The mean pressure and flow values were 71.24 ± 9.62 mmHg and 99.65 ± 18.54 mL/min, respectively. The temperature range was 36.7°C-37.2°C. The renal resistance index was 0.75 ± 0.15 mmHg/mL/min. The mean pH was 7.29 ± 0.15. The lactate concentration peak increased until 213 mg/dL at 6 h, reaching normal values after 34 h of perfusion (8.92 mg/dL). The total urine output at the end of perfusion was 1.185 mL. Histological analysis revealed no significant increase in acute tubular necrosis (ATN) severity as perfusion progressed. The expression of KIM-1, VEGF, and TGFβ decreased after 6-18 h of perfusion until 60 h in which the expression of these genes increased again together with the expression of β-catenin, Ki67, and TIMP1. We show that normothermic perfusion can maintain a kidney graft viable ex vivo for 3 days, thus allowing a rapid translation of pre-clinical therapeutics to clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Montagud-Marrahi
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Department. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yosu Luque
- Sorbonne Université - Inserm UMRS_1155, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris. Soins Intensifs Nephrologiques et Rein Aigu. Departement de Nephrologie. Hopital Tenon. Paris, France
| | - Ruben Rabadan Ros
- Group of Metabolism and Genetic Regulation of Disease, UCAM HiTech Sport & Health Innovation Hub, Universidad Católica de Murcia, Guadalupe, Spain
| | - Tarek Ajami
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Urology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Cuadrado-Payan
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Department. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hector Estrella
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Urology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Arancibia
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Urology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Sánchez-Etayo
- Donation and Transplant Coordination Section, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Bohils
- Donation and Transplant Coordination Section, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramsés Marrero
- Donation and Transplant Coordination Section, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yilliam Fundora
- Liver Transplant Unit, Institut Clínic de Malalties Digestives I Metabòliques, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria José Ramírez-Bajo
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisenda Banon-Maneus
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Rovira
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana-Belén Larque
- Department of Pathology. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. Corresponding Author: Mireia Musquera, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Campistol
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Department. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fritz Diekmann
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation Department. Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratori Experimental de Nefrologia i Trasplantament (LENIT). Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Red de Investigación Cooperativa Orientada a Resultados en Salud (RICORS 2040), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Musquera
- Kidney Transplant Unit. Urology Department, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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López-Martínez S, Simón C, Santamaria X. Normothermic Machine Perfusion Systems: Where Do We Go From Here? Transplantation 2024; 108:22-44. [PMID: 37026713 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) aims to preserve organs ex vivo by simulating physiological conditions such as body temperature. Recent advancements in NMP system design have prompted the development of clinically effective devices for liver, heart, lung, and kidney transplantation that preserve organs for several hours/up to 1 d. In preclinical studies, adjustments to circuit structure, perfusate composition, and automatic supervision have extended perfusion times up to 1 wk of preservation. Emerging NMP platforms for ex vivo preservation of the pancreas, intestine, uterus, ovary, and vascularized composite allografts represent exciting prospects. Thus, NMP may become a valuable tool in transplantation and provide significant advantages to biomedical research. This review recaps recent NMP research, including discussions of devices in clinical trials, innovative preclinical systems for extended preservation, and platforms developed for other organs. We will also discuss NMP strategies using a global approach while focusing on technical specifications and preservation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara López-Martínez
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Simón
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Xavier Santamaria
- Carlos Simon Foundation, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Su L, Jin D, Wang Y, Wang Q, Pan C, Jiang S, Yang H, Yang Z, Wang X, Xia N, Chan KF, Chiu PWY, Sung JJY, Zhang L. Modularized microrobot with lock-and-detachable modules for targeted cell delivery in bile duct. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj0883. [PMID: 38100592 PMCID: PMC10848723 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic microrobots promise benefits in minimally invasive cell-based therapy. However, they generally suffer from an inevitable compromise between their magnetic responsiveness and biomedical functions. Herein, we report a modularized microrobot consisting of magnetic actuation (MA) and cell scaffold (CS) modules. The MA module with strong magnetism and pH-responsive deformability and the CS module with cell loading-release capabilities were fabricated by three-dimensional printing technique. Subsequently, assembly of modules was performed by designing a shaft-hole structure and customizing their relative dimensions, which enabled magnetic navigation in complex environments, while not deteriorating the cellular functionalities. On-demand disassembly at targeted lesion was then realized to facilitate CS module delivery and retrieval of the MA module. Furthermore, the feasibility of proposed system was validated in an in vivo rabbit bile duct. Therefore, this work presents a modular design-based strategy that enables uncompromised fabrication of multifunctional microrobots and stimulates their development for future cell-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dongdong Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuqiong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qinglong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chengfeng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haojin Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhengxin Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Fung Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Philip Wai Yan Chiu
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph Jao-Yiu Sung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Multi-Scale Medical Robotics Center, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CUHK T Stone Robotics Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zhang Z, Wu Y, Xuan Z, Xu H, Yin S, Meng Z. Self-assembly of three-dimensional liver organoids: virtual reconstruction via endocytosed polymer dots for refactoring the fine structure. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7867-7883. [PMID: 37902572 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01174g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In vitro culture of organoids holds considerable promise for the treatment of diseases or the provision of artificial organs. Traditional 2D differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) faces challenges in replicating the development of embryonic organs at the cellular level; conversely, the cultivation of 3D organoids exhibits potential for application. It is crucial for clinicians and technology researchers to acquire insights into organoid tissue differentiation, autonomous morphogenesis, as well as 3D assembly processes in vitro. In this investigation, novel 3D organoids capable of engendering complex liver-like tissues in vitro were cultured, and a class of high-luminance semiconductor polymer dots (Pdots) was employed to monitor the self-assembly process of 3D liver organoid tissues and cellular interaction and migration dynamics. Three-dimensional liver-bud (3D-LB) organoid tissues were derived through the interplay of induced MSCs, Wharton's Jelly, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and their structural characteristics were determined during the liver-bud organoid development; ultimately, the co-cultured organoid spatial cellular clusters resembling a truffle were successfully replicated. Utilizing R8-Pdots with remarkable resolution and biocompatibility, the structural elements of functional and vascularized organs derived from liver organoid tissues were adeptly reconstituted, and this investigation shall contribute to a further understanding of human hepato-developmental physiology and liver-disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P. R. China.
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zhilu Xuan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China
| | - Haotian Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P. R. China.
| | - Shengyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronic, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, No. 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Zihui Meng
- Department of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, No. 126 Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P. R. China.
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Salas-Silva S, Kim Y, Kim TH, Kim M, Seo D, Choi J, Factor VM, Seo HR, Song Y, Choi GS, Jung YK, Kim K, Lee KG, Jeong J, Shin JH, Choi D. Human chemically-derived hepatic progenitors (hCdHs) as a source of liver organoid generation: Application in regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and toxicology testing. Biomaterials 2023; 303:122360. [PMID: 38465578 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Several types of human stem cells from embryonic (ESCs) and induced pluripotent (iPSCs) to adult tissue-specific stem cells are commonly used to generate 3D liver organoids for modeling tissue physiology and disease. We have recently established a protocol for direct conversion of primary human hepatocytes (hPHs) from healthy donor livers into bipotent progenitor cells (hCdHs). Here we extended this culture system to generate hCdH-derived liver organoids for diverse biomedical applications. METHODS To obtain hCdHs, hPHs were cultured in reprogramming medium containing A83-01 and CHIR99021 for 7 days. Liver organoids were established from hCdHs (hCdHOs) and human liver cells (hLOs) using the same donor livers for direct comparison, as well as from hiPSCs. Organoid properties were analyzed by standard in vitro assays. Molecular changes were determined by RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. Clinical relevance was evaluated by transplantation into FRG mice, modeling of alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD), and in vitro drug-toxicity tests. RESULTS hCdHs were clonally expanded as organoid cultures with low variability between starting hCdH lines. Similar to the hLOs, hCdHOs stably maintained stem cell phenotype based on accepted criteria. However, hCdHOs had an advantage over hLOs in terms of EpCAM expression, efficiency of organoid generation and capacity for directed hepatic differentiation as judged by molecular profiling, albumin secretion, glycogen accumulation, and CYP450 activities. Accordingly, FRG mice transplanted with hCdHOs survived longer than mice injected with hLOs. When exposed to ethanol, hCdHOs developed stronger ARLD phenotype than hLOs as evidenced by transcriptional profiling, lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. In drug-induced injury assays in vitro, hCdHOs showed a similar or higher sensitivity response than hPHs. CONCLUSION hCdHOs provide a novel patient-specific stem cell-based platform for regenerative medicine, toxicology testing and modeling liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Salas-Silva
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yohan Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307, Dresden, Germany; Department of MetaBioHealth, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Myounghoi Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekwan Seo
- Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Researcj, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Jeonghoon Choi
- Office of Cellular, Tissue and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Researcj, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Valentina M Factor
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Haeng Ran Seo
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712-beon gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Song
- Advanced Biomedical Research Laboratory, Institute Pasteur Korea, 16, Daewangpangyo-ro 712-beon gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Sung Choi
- Department of General Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Jung
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kungsik Kim
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Geun Lee
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Jeong
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure and Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, KIRAMS, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Shin
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongho Choi
- Department of Surgery, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of HY-KIST Bio-convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Iqbal W, Wang Y, Sun P, Zhou X. Modeling Liver Development and Disease in a Dish. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15921. [PMID: 37958904 PMCID: PMC10650907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, biological research has relied primarily on animal models. While this led to the understanding of numerous human biological processes, inherent species-specific differences make it difficult to answer certain liver-related developmental and disease-specific questions. The advent of 3D organoid models that are either derived from pluripotent stem cells or generated from healthy or diseased tissue-derived stem cells have made it possible to recapitulate the biological aspects of human organs. Organoid technology has been instrumental in understanding the disease mechanism and complements animal models. This review underscores the advances in organoid technology and specifically how liver organoids are used to better understand human-specific biological processes in development and disease. We also discuss advances made in the application of organoid models in drug screening and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Iqbal
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.I.); (Y.W.); (P.S.)
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.I.); (Y.W.); (P.S.)
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Pingnan Sun
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.I.); (Y.W.); (P.S.)
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Stem Cell Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.I.); (Y.W.); (P.S.)
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Manzano-Núñez F, Prates Tiago Aguilar L, Sempoux C, Lemaigre FP. Biliary Tract Cancer: Molecular Biology of Precursor Lesions. Semin Liver Dis 2023; 43:472-484. [PMID: 37944999 DOI: 10.1055/a-2207-9834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer is a devastating malignancy of the bile ducts and gallbladder with a dismal prognosis. The study of precancerous lesions has received considerable attention and led to a histopathological classification which, in some respects, remains an evolving field. Consequently, increasing efforts have been devoted to characterizing the molecular pathogenesis of the precursor lesions, with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms of tumor progression, and with the ultimate goal of meeting the challenges of early diagnosis and treatment. This review delves into the molecular mechanisms that initiate and promote the development of precursor lesions of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and of gallbladder carcinoma. It addresses the genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic landscape of these precursors and provides an overview of animal and organoid models used to study them. In conclusion, this review summarizes the known molecular features of precancerous lesions in biliary tract cancer and highlights our fragmentary knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of tumor initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital CHUV, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Chneiweiss H, Dubart-Kupperschmitt A, Duclos-Vallée JC, Clément B, Flacher V, Galzi JL, Gidrol X, Goureau O, Guasch G, Haiech J, Lemaitre C, Mahé MM, Martin S, Poulain L, Sebastiani C, Vergnolle N, Yates F. [For a good understanding and use of the term "organoids"]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:876-878. [PMID: 38018932 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depuis une dizaine d’années, des progrès considérables ont été réalisés concernant les conditions qui permettent à des cellules de s’auto-organiser dans l’espace comme elles le font lors des phases précoces du développement embryonnaire ou dans certains tissus adultes. On nomme ainsi « organoïdes » des structures en trois dimensions complexes, organisées et intégrant plusieurs types cellulaires, qui peuvent reproduire in vitro certaines fonctions d’un organe. Toutefois, ces organoïdes ne peuvent actuellement reproduire à l’identique une architecture anatomique et fonctionnelle complète. Bien qu’utilisé pour des raisons de simplification pour la communication, en particulier dans la presse généraliste, il est donc abusif d’utiliser le terme « mini-organes » pour décrire ces structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bruno Clément
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Vincent Flacher
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Jean-Luc Galzi
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Olivier Goureau
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | | | - Jacques Haiech
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | | | - Maxime M Mahé
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Sophie Martin
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | - Laurent Poulain
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
| | | | | | - Frank Yates
- Groupement de recherche CNRS « Organoïdes » (GDR2102)1, France
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Iske J, Schroeter A, Knoedler S, Nazari-Shafti TZ, Wert L, Roesel MJ, Hennig F, Niehaus A, Kuehn C, Ius F, Falk V, Schmelzle M, Ruhparwar A, Haverich A, Knosalla C, Tullius SG, Vondran FWR, Wiegmann B. Pushing the boundaries of innovation: the potential of ex vivo organ perfusion from an interdisciplinary point of view. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1272945. [PMID: 37900569 PMCID: PMC10602690 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1272945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ex vivo machine perfusion (EVMP) is an emerging technique for preserving explanted solid organs with primary application in allogeneic organ transplantation. EVMP has been established as an alternative to the standard of care static-cold preservation, allowing for prolonged preservation and real-time monitoring of organ quality while reducing/preventing ischemia-reperfusion injury. Moreover, it has paved the way to involve expanded criteria donors, e.g., after circulatory death, thus expanding the donor organ pool. Ongoing improvements in EVMP protocols, especially expanding the duration of preservation, paved the way for its broader application, in particular for reconditioning and modification of diseased organs and tumor and infection therapies and regenerative approaches. Moreover, implementing EVMP for in vivo-like preclinical studies improving disease modeling raises significant interest, while providing an ideal interface for bioengineering and genetic manipulation. These approaches can be applied not only in an allogeneic and xenogeneic transplant setting but also in an autologous setting, where patients can be on temporary organ support while the diseased organs are treated ex vivo, followed by reimplantation of the cured organ. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the differences and similarities in abdominal (kidney and liver) and thoracic (lung and heart) EVMP, focusing on the organ-specific components and preservation techniques, specifically on the composition of perfusion solutions and their supplements and perfusion temperatures and flow conditions. Novel treatment opportunities beyond organ transplantation and limitations of abdominal and thoracic EVMP are delineated to identify complementary interdisciplinary approaches for the application and development of this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Iske
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Schroeter
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samuel Knoedler
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Z. Nazari-Shafti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonard Wert
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian J. Roesel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Felix Hennig
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Adelheid Niehaus
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Kuehn
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Fabio Ius
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | - Volkmar Falk
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Translational Cardiovascular Technology, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Schmelzle
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arjang Ruhparwar
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Haverich
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Knosalla
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan G. Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bettina Wiegmann
- Department for Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Center for Biomedical Engineering, Implant Research and Development (NIFE), Hannover, Germany
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Gan Z, Qin X, Liu H, Liu J, Qin J. Recent advances in defined hydrogels in organoid research. Bioact Mater 2023; 28:386-401. [PMID: 37334069 PMCID: PMC10273284 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are in vitro model systems that mimic the complexity of organs with multicellular structures and functions, which provide great potential for biomedical and tissue engineering. However, their current formation heavily relies on using complex animal-derived extracellular matrices (ECM), such as Matrigel. These matrices are often poorly defined in chemical components and exhibit limited tunability and reproducibility. Recently, the biochemical and biophysical properties of defined hydrogels can be precisely tuned, offering broader opportunities to support the development and maturation of organoids. In this review, the fundamental properties of ECM in vivo and critical strategies to design matrices for organoid culture are summarized. Two typically defined hydrogels derived from natural and synthetic polymers for their applicability to improve organoids formation are presented. The representative applications of incorporating organoids into defined hydrogels are highlighted. Finally, some challenges and future perspectives are also discussed in developing defined hydrogels and advanced technologies toward supporting organoid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqiao Gan
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- Division of Biotechnology, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, CAS, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Russi AE, Shivakumar P, Luo Z, Bezerra J. Plasticity between type 2 innate lymphoid cell subsets and amphiregulin expression regulates epithelial repair in biliary atresia. Hepatology 2023; 78:1035-1049. [PMID: 37078450 PMCID: PMC10524120 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although a dysregulated type 1 immune response is integral to the pathogenesis of biliary atresia, studies in both humans and mice have uncovered a type 2 response, primarily driven by type 2 innate lymphoid cells. In nonhepatic tissues, natural type 2 innate lymphoid cell (nILC2s) regulate epithelial proliferation and tissue repair, whereas inflammatory ILC2s (iIlC2s) drive tissue inflammation and injury. The aim of this study is to determine the mechanisms used by type 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) subpopulations to regulate biliary epithelial response to an injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using Spearman correlation analysis, nILC2 transcripts, but not those of iILC2s, are positively associated with cholangiocyte abundance in biliary atresia patients at the time of diagnosis. nILC2s are identified in the mouse liver through flow cytometry. They undergo expansion and increase amphiregulin production after IL-33 administration. This drives epithelial proliferation dependent on the IL-13/IL-4Rα/STAT6 pathway as determined by decreased nILC2s and reduced epithelial proliferation in knockout strains. The addition of IL-2 promotes inter-lineage plasticity towards a nILC2 phenotype. In experimental biliary atresia induced by rotavirus, this pathway promotes epithelial repair and tissue regeneration. The genetic loss or molecular inhibition of any part of this circuit switches nILC2s to inflammatory type 2 innate lymphoid cell-like, resulting in decreased amphiregulin production, decreased epithelial proliferation, and the full phenotype of experimental biliary atresia. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify a key function of the IL-13/IL-4Rα/STAT6 pathway in ILC2 plasticity and an alternate circuit driven by IL-2 to promote nILC2 stability and amphiregulin expression. This pathway induces epithelial homeostasis and repair in experimental biliary atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Russi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Pranavkumar Shivakumar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center; Cincinnati OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Cincinnati OH, USA
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510080
| | - Jorge Bezerra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children’s Health of Dallas, TX, USA
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Song Y, Lu Z, Shu W, Xiang Z, Wang Z, Wei X, Xu X. Arouse potential stemness: Intrinsic and acquired stem cell therapeutic strategies for advanced liver diseases. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100115. [PMID: 37719773 PMCID: PMC10502372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are a major health issue, and prolonged liver injury always progresses. Advanced liver disorders impair liver regeneration. Millions of patients die yearly worldwide, even with the available treatments of liver transplantation and artificial liver support system. With its abundant cell resources and significant differentiative potential, stem cell therapy is a viable treatment for various disorders and offers hope to patients waiting for orthotopic liver transplantation. Considering such plight, stem cell therapeutic strategies deliver hope to the patients. Moreover, we conclude intrinsic and acquired perspectives based on stem cell sources. The properties and therapeutic uses of these stem cells' specific types or sources were then reviewed. Owing to the recent investigations of the above cells, a safe and effective therapy will emerge for advanced liver diseases soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisu Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhengyang Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Wenzhi Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengxin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuyong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Rutherford D, Ho GT. Therapeutic Potential of Human Intestinal Organoids in Tissue Repair Approaches in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1488-1498. [PMID: 37094358 PMCID: PMC10472753 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic immune-mediated conditions characterized by significant gut tissue damage due to uncontrolled inflammation. Anti-inflammatory treatments have improved, but there are no current prorepair approaches. Organoids have developed into a powerful experimental platform to study mechanisms of human diseases. Here, we specifically focus on its role as a direct tissue repair modality in IBD. We discuss the scientific rationale for this, recent parallel advances in scientific technologies (CRISPR [clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats]/Cas9 and metabolic programming), and in addition, the clinical IBD context in which this therapeutic approach is tractable. Finally, we review the translational roadmap for the application of organoids and the need for this as a novel direction in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan Rutherford
- Gut Research Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gwo-Tzer Ho
- Gut Research Unit, Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Nakamura T, Nishikawa Y, Shiokawa M, Takeda H, Yokode M, Matsumoto S, Muramoto Y, Ota S, Yoshida H, Okada H, Kuwada T, Marui S, Matsumori T, Maruno T, Uza N, Kodama Y, Hatano E, Seno H. ELF3 suppresses gallbladder cancer development through downregulation of the EREG/EGFR/mTOR complex 1 signalling pathway. J Pathol 2023; 261:28-42. [PMID: 37345534 DOI: 10.1002/path.6144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains poor, and a better understanding of GBC molecular mechanisms is important. Genome sequencing of human GBC has demonstrated that loss-of-function mutations of E74-like ETS transcription factor 3 (ELF3) are frequently observed, with ELF3 considered to be a tumour suppressor in GBC. To clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ELF3 suppresses GBC development, we performed in vivo analysis using a combination of autochthonous and allograft mouse models. We first evaluated the clinical significance of ELF3 expression in human GBC tissues and found that low ELF3 expression was associated with advanced clinical stage and deep tumour invasion. For in vivo analysis, we generated Pdx1-Cre; KrasG12D ; Trp53R172H ; Elf3f/f (KPCE) mice and Pdx1-Cre; KrasG12D ; Trp53R172H ; Elf3wt/wt (KPC) mice as a control and analysed their gallbladders histologically. KPCE mice developed larger papillary lesions in the gallbladder than those developed by KPC mice. Organoids established from the gallbladders of KPCE and KPC mice were analysed in vitro. RNA sequencing showed upregulated expression of epiregulin (Ereg) in KPCE organoids, and western blotting revealed that EGFR/mechanical targets of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) were upregulated in KPCE organoids. In addition, ChIP assays on Elf3-overexpressing KPCE organoids showed that ELF3 directly regulated Ereg. Ereg deletion in KPCE organoids (using CRISPR/Cas9) induced EGFR/mTORC1 downregulation, indicating that ELF3 controlled EGFR/mTORC1 activity through regulation of Ereg expression. We also generated allograft mouse models using KPCE and KPC organoids and found that KPCE organoid allograft tumours exhibited poorly differentiated structures with mTORC1 upregulation and mesenchymal phenotype, which were suppressed by Ereg deletion. Furthermore, EGFR/mTORC1 inhibition suppressed cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in KPCE organoids. Our results suggest that ELF3 suppresses GBC development via downregulation of EREG/EGFR/mTORC1 signalling. EGFR/mTORC1 inhibition is a potential therapeutic option for GBC with ELF3 mutation. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Nakamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shiokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Yokode
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shimpei Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuya Muramoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuwada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saiko Marui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsumori
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Uza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuzo Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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50
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Li P, Miyamoto D, Huang Y, Adachi T, Hidaka M, Hara T, Soyama A, Matsushima H, Imamura H, Kanetaka K, Gu W, Eguchi S. Three-dimensional human bile duct formation from chemically induced human liver progenitor cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1249769. [PMID: 37671190 PMCID: PMC10475568 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The intrahepatic bile ducts (BDs) play an important role in the modification and transport of bile, and the integration between the BD and hepatocytes is the basis of the liver function. However, the lack of a source of cholangiocytes limits in vitro research. The aim of the present study was to establish three-dimensional BDs combined with human mature hepatocytes (hMHs) in vitro using chemically induced human liver progenitor cells (hCLiPs) derived from hMHs. Methods: In this study, we formed functional BDs from hCLiPs using hepatocyte growth factor and extracellular matrix. BDs expressed the typical biliary markers CK-7, GGT1, CFTR and EpCAM and were able to transport the bile-like substance rhodamine 123 into the lumen. The established three-dimensional BDs were cocultured with hMHs. These cells were able to bind to the BDs, and the bile acid analog CLF was transported from the culture medium through the hMHs and accumulated in the lumen of the BDs. The BDs generated from the hCLiPs showed a BD function and a physiological system (e.g., the transport of bile within the liver) when they were connected to the hMHs. Conclusion: We present a novel in vitro three-dimensional BD combined with hMHs for study, drug screening and the therapeutic modulation of the cholangiocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Li
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Daisuke Miyamoto
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tomohiko Adachi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takanobu Hara
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Soyama
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Matsushima
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hajime Imamura
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kengo Kanetaka
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Weili Gu
- Department of Surgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Susumu Eguchi
- Department of Surgery, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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