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Andreone F, Crottini A, Rakotoarison A, Rakotoarimalala F. Conserving Madagascar's Amphibians and Reptiles Requires Collaboration between Scientists. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2091. [PMID: 39061553 PMCID: PMC11273383 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is well known for its exceptional biodiversity and striking endemicity levels, which are accompanied by high rates of deforestation and habitat alteration [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Andreone
- Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, I-10123 Torino, Italy
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal;
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Andolalao Rakotoarison
- Mention Environnement, Université de l’Itasy, Faliarivo Ambohidanerana, Soavinandriana Itasy 118, Madagascar;
- School for International Training, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Fandresena Rakotoarimalala
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Faculté des Sciences, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;
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2
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Rossini M, Montanaro G, Montreuil O, Tarasov S. Towards computable taxonomic knowledge: Leveraging nanopublications for sharing new synonyms in the Madagascan genus Helictopleurus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae). Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e120304. [PMID: 38912110 PMCID: PMC11193050 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Numerous taxonomic studies have focused on the dung beetle genus Helictopleurus d'Orbigny, 1915, endemic to Madagascar. However, this genus stilll needs a thorough revision. Semantic technologies, such as nanopublications, hold the potential to enhance taxonomy by transforming how data are published and analysed. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of nanopublications in establishing synonyms within the genus Helictopleurus. New information In this study, we identify four new synonyms within Helictopleurus: H.rudicollis (Fairmaire, 1898) = H.hypocrita Balthasar, 1941 syn. nov.; H.vadoni Lebis, 1960 = H.perpunctatus Balthasar, 1963 syn. nov.; H.halffteri Balthasar, 1964 = H.dorbignyi Montreuil, 2005 syn. nov.; H.clouei (Harold, 1869) = H.gibbicollis (Fairmaire, 1895) syn. nov. Helictopleurus may have a significantly larger number of synonyms than currently known, indicating potentially inaccurate estimates about its recent extinction.We also publish the newly-established synonyms as nanopublications, which are machine-readable data snippets accessible online. Additionally, we explore the utility of nanopublications in taxonomy and demonstrate their practical use with an example query for data extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Rossini
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of Padova, Padova, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment (DAFNAE), University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Giulio Montanaro
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olivier Montreuil
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Sergei Tarasov
- Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandFinnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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Wang Z, Chen T, Yang L, Chapman CA, Fan P. Effects of protected area coverage and research on conservation status of primates globally. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14311. [PMID: 38853694 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Conducting conservation research and establishing protected areas (PAs) based on research results are critical to biodiversity conservation. However, the effect of research and PAs on conservation of threatened species has rarely been evaluated simultaneously. We collected data on PAs from 2000 for 2021 and determined the number of publications on global primates (published from 1950 to 2021) to assess the effect of PAs, research, and biological and socioeconomic factors on the current International Union for Conservation of Nature endangered status and change in status. We used the MCMCglmm package to conduct a phylogenetic comparative analysis to control the phylogenetic relationship of primate species. The status of 24.6% (82 of 333) of species assessed at least twice declined. Only the black lion tamarin (Leontopithecus chrysopygus) had an improved status. Species with status declines mostly occurred on the south coast of West Africa and in Madagascar. PAs covered 22.1% of each species' range. Forest loss in PAs (5.5%) was significantly lower than forest loss within 5 km outside PAs (13.8%), suggesting PAs effectively mitigated forest loss. Both the median number of total publications and conservation publications on critically endangered species were higher than those of other categories. Models showed that PA coverage and number of publications or conservation-focused publications were not related to current status or change in status over time. A decline in status was not related to creation of PAs or increase of research since the last assessment. Our results suggest that current PAs and research are not reversing the extinction crisis of global primates. Doing more conservation-oriented research, strengthening management of current PAs, and expanding PAs will be needed to protect primates globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhining Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Colin A Chapman
- Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Biology Department, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Baobab trees' evolutionary history could inform conservation efforts. Nature 2024:10.1038/d41586-024-01549-9. [PMID: 38811780 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-01549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
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Dagallier LPMJ, Condamine FL, Couvreur TLP. Sequential diversification with Miocene extinction and Pliocene speciation linked to mountain uplift explains the diversity of the African rain forest clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae). ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:677-696. [PMID: 37659091 PMCID: PMC11082524 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Throughout the Cenozoic, Africa underwent several climatic and geological changes impacting the evolution of tropical rain forests (TRFs). African TRFs are thought to have extended from east to west in a 'pan-African' TRF, followed by several events of fragmentation during drier climate periods. During the Miocene, climate cooling and mountain uplift led to the aridification of tropical Africa and open habitats expanded at the expense of TRFs, which probably experienced local extinctions. However, in plants, these drivers were previously inferred using limited taxonomic and molecular data. Here, we tested the impact of climate and geological changes on diversification within the diverse clade Monodoreae (Annonaceae) composed of 90 tree species restricted to African TRFs. METHODS We reconstructed a near-complete phylogenetic tree, based on 32 nuclear genes, and dated using relaxed clocks and fossil calibrations in a Bayesian framework. We inferred the biogeographical history and the diversification dynamics of the clade using multiple birth-death models. KEY RESULTS Monodoreae originated in East African TRFs ~25 million years ago (Ma) and expanded toward Central Africa during the Miocene. We inferred range contractions during the middle Miocene and document important connections between East and West African TRFs after 15-13 Ma. Our results indicated a sudden extinction event during the late Miocene, followed by an increase in speciation rates. Birth-death models suggested that African elevation change (orogeny) is positively linked to speciation in this clade. CONCLUSION East Africa is inferred as an important source of Monodoreae species, and possibly for African plant diversity in general. Our results support a 'sequential scenario of diversification' in which increased aridification triggered extinction of TRF species in Monodoreae. This was quickly followed by fragmentation of rain forests, subsequently enhancing lagged speciation resulting from vicariance and improved climate conditions. In contrast to previous ideas, the uplift of East Africa is shown to have played a positive role in Monodoreae diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo-Paul M J Dagallier
- DIADE, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier (Université de Montpellier), Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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Karimi N, Hanes MM. Patterns of Grewia (Malvaceae) diversity across geographical scales in Africa and Madagascar. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2024; 133:773-788. [PMID: 38243607 PMCID: PMC11082522 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Quantifying spatial species richness is useful to describe biodiversity patterns across broad geographical areas, especially in large, poorly known plant groups. We explore patterns and predictors of species richness across Africa in one such group, the palaeotropical genus Grewia L. (Malvaceae). METHODS Grewia species richness was quantified by extracting herbarium records from GBIF and Tropicos and creating geographical grids at varying spatial scales. We assessed predictors of species richness using spatial regression models with 30 environmental variables. We explored species co-occurrence in Madagascar at finer resolutions using Schoener's index and compared species range sizes and International Union for Conservation of Nature status among ecoregions. Lastly, we derived a trait matrix for a subset of species found in Madagascar to characterize morphological diversity across space. KEY RESULTS Grewia species occur in 50 countries in Africa, with the highest number of species in Madagascar (93, with 80 species endemic). Species richness is highest in Madagascar, with ≤23 Grewia species in a grid cell, followed by coastal Tanzania/Kenya (≤13 species) and northern South Africa and central Angola (11 species each). Across Africa, higher species richness was predicted by variables related to aridity. In Madagascar, a greater range in environmental variables best predicted species richness, consistent with geographical grid cells of highest species richness occurring near biome/ecoregion transitions. In Madagascar, we also observe increasing dissimilarity in species composition with increasing geographical distance. CONCLUSIONS The spatial patterns and underlying environmental predictors that we uncover in Grewia represent an important step in our understanding of plant distribution and diversity patterns across Africa. Madagascar boasts nearly twice the Grewia species richness of the second most species-rich country in Africa, which might be explained by complex topography and environmental conditions across small spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Karimi
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Margaret M Hanes
- Department of Biology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
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Wan JN, Wang SW, Leitch AR, Leitch IJ, Jian JB, Wu ZY, Xin HP, Rakotoarinivo M, Onjalalaina GE, Gituru RW, Dai C, Mwachala G, Bai MZ, Zhao CX, Wang HQ, Du SL, Wei N, Hu GW, Chen SC, Chen XY, Wan T, Wang QF. The rise of baobab trees in Madagascar. Nature 2024; 629:1091-1099. [PMID: 38750363 PMCID: PMC11136661 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The baobab trees (genus Adansonia) have attracted tremendous attention because of their striking shape and distinctive relationships with fauna1. These spectacular trees have also influenced human culture, inspiring innumerable arts, folklore and traditions. Here we sequenced genomes of all eight extant baobab species and argue that Madagascar should be considered the centre of origin for the extant lineages, a key issue in their evolutionary history2,3. Integrated genomic and ecological analyses revealed the reticulate evolution of baobabs, which eventually led to the species diversity seen today. Past population dynamics of Malagasy baobabs may have been influenced by both interspecific competition and the geological history of the island, especially changes in local sea levels. We propose that further attention should be paid to the conservation status of Malagasy baobabs, especially of Adansonia suarezensis and Adansonia grandidieri, and that intensive monitoring of populations of Adansonia za is required, given its propensity for negatively impacting the critically endangered Adansonia perrieri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Nan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Andrew R Leitch
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Jian-Bo Jian
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Hai-Ping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | | | | | - Robert Wahiti Gituru
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Department of Botany, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Can Dai
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Ming-Zhou Bai
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sheng-Lan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Neng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guang-Wan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Ya Chen
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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Neugarten RA, Rasolofoson RA, Barrett CB, Vieilledent G, Rodewald AD. The effect of a political crisis on performance of community forests and protected areas in Madagascar. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2963. [PMID: 38580639 PMCID: PMC10997648 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the effectiveness of conservation interventions during times of political instability is important given how much of the world's biodiversity is concentrated in politically fragile nations. Here, we investigate the effect of a political crisis on the relative performance of community managed forests versus protected areas in terms of reducing deforestation in Madagascar, a biodiversity hotspot. We use remotely sensed data and statistical matching within an event study design to isolate the effect of the crisis and post-crisis period on performance. Annual rates of deforestation accelerated at the end of the crisis and were higher in community forests than in protected areas. After controlling for differences in location and other confounding variables, we find no difference in performance during the crisis, but community-managed forests performed worse in post-crisis years. These findings suggest that, as a political crisis subsides and deforestation pressures intensify, community-based conservation may be less resilient than state protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Neugarten
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, 226 Mann Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA.
| | - Ranaivo A Rasolofoson
- Duke Marine Lab, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, 33 Willcocks Street, Suite 1016V, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E8, Canada
| | - Christopher B Barrett
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7801, USA
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7801, USA
| | | | - Amanda D Rodewald
- Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Cornell University, 226 Mann Drive, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Rd, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
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Omollo WO, Rabarijaona RN, Ranaivoson RM, Rakotoarinivo M, Barrett RL, Zhang Q, Lai YJ, Ye JF, Le CT, Antonelli A, Chen ZD, Liu B, Lu LM. Spatial heterogeneity of neo- and paleo-endemism for plants in Madagascar. Curr Biol 2024; 34:1271-1283.e4. [PMID: 38460512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Madagascar is a biogeographically unique island with a remarkably high level of endemism. However, endemic taxa in Madagascar are massively threatened due to unprecedented pressures from anthropogenic habitat modification and climate change. A comprehensive phylogeny-based biodiversity evaluation of the island remains lacking. Here, we identify hotspots of taxonomic and phylogenetic plant diversity and neo- and paleo-endemism by generating a novel dated tree of life for the island. The tree is based on unprecedented sampling of 3,950 species (33% of the total known species) and 1,621 genera (93% of the total known genera and 69% of endemic genera) of Malagasy vascular plants. We find that island-endemic genera are concentrated in multiple lineages combining high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity. Integrating phylogenetic and geographic distribution data, our results reveal that taxon richness and endemism are concentrated in the northern, eastern, and southeastern humid forests. Paleo-endemism centers are concentrated in humid eastern and central regions, whereas neo-endemism centers are concentrated in the dry and spiny forests in western and southern Madagascar. Our statistical analysis of endemic genera in each vegetation region supports a higher proportion of ancient endemic genera in the east but a higher proportion of recent endemic genera in the south and west. Overlaying centers of phylogenetic endemism with protected areas, we identify conservation gaps concentrated in western and southern Madagascar. These gaps should be incorporated into conservation strategies to aid the protection of multiple facets of biodiversity and their benefits to the Malagasy people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyckliffe Omondi Omollo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Romer Narindra Rabarijaona
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rindra Manasoa Ranaivoson
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Mijoro Rakotoarinivo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Russell L Barrett
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Botanic Garden, Locked Bag 6002, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia; School of Biological, Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yang-Jun Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jian-Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Chi Toan Le
- Hanoi Pedagogical University 2, 32 Nguyen Van Linh, Xuanhoa, Phucyen, Vinhphuc 15000, Vietnam
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, TW9 3AE Richmond, Surrey, UK; Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41319 Gothenburg, Sweden; Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Zhi-Duan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Li-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
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Fernández-García V, Franquesa M, Kull CA. Madagascar's burned area from Sentinel-2 imagery (2016-2022): Four times higher than from lower resolution sensors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169929. [PMID: 38199348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Madagascar is one of the most burned regions in the world, to the point that it has been called the 'Isle of fire' or the 'Burning Island'. An accurate characterization of the burned area (BA) is crucial for understanding the true situation and impacts of fires on this island, where there is an active scientific debate on how fire affects multiple environmental and socioeconomic aspects, and how fire regimes should be in a complex context with differing interests. Despite this, recent advances have revealed that BA in Madagascar is poorly characterised by the currently available global BA products. In this work, we present, validate, and explore a BA database at 20 m spatial resolution for Madagascar covering the period 2016-2022. The database was built based on 75,010 Sentinel-2 images using a two-phase BA detection algorithm. The validation with independent long-term reference units showed Dice coefficients ≥79 %, omission errors ≤24 %, commission errors ≤18 %, and a relative bias ≥ - 8 %. An intercomparison with other available global BA products (GABAM, FireCCI51, C3SBA11, or MCD64) demonstrated that our product (i) exhibits temporal consistency, (ii) represents a significant accuracy improvement, as it reduces BA underestimations by about eightfold, (iii) yields BA estimates four times higher, and (iv) shows enhanced capability in detecting fires of all sizes. The observed BA spatial patterns were heterogeneous across the island, with 32 % of the grasslands burning annually, in contrast to other land cover types such as the dense tropical forest where <2 % burned every year. We conclude that the BA characterization in Madagascar must be addressed using imagery at spatial resolution higher than MODIS or Sentinel-3 (≥250 m), and temporal resolution higher than Landsat (16 days) to deal with cloudiness, the rapid attenuation of burn scars signals, and small fire patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Fernández-García
- Institute of Geography and Sustainability, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, Université de Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland; Ecology, Department of Biodiversity and Environmental Management, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de León, León 24071, Spain.
| | - M Franquesa
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPE-CSIC), Zaragoza 50059, Spain
| | - C A Kull
- Institute of Geography and Sustainability, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, Université de Lausanne, Géopolis, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
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Yu KP, Kuntner M. Discovering unknown Madagascar biodiversity: integrative taxonomy of raft spiders (Pisauridae: Dolomedes). PeerJ 2024; 12:e16781. [PMID: 38435991 PMCID: PMC10906265 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is a global biodiversity hotspot, but its biodiversity continues to be underestimated and understudied. Of raft spiders, genus Dolomedes Latreille, 1804, literature only reports two species on Madagascar. Our single expedition to humid forests of eastern and northern Madagascar, however, yielded a series of Dolomedes exemplars representing both sexes of five morphospecies. To avoid only using morphological diagnostics, we devised and tested an integrative taxonomic model for Dolomedes based on the unified species concept. The model first determines morphospecies within a morphometrics framework, then tests their validity via species delimitation using COI. It then incorporates habitat preferences, geological barriers, and dispersal related traits to form hypotheses about gene flow limitations. Our results reveal four new Dolomedes species that we describe from both sexes as Dolomedes gregoric sp. nov., D. bedjanic sp. nov., D. hydatostella sp. nov., and D. rotundus sp. nov. The range of D. kalanoro Silva & Griswold, 2013, now also known from both sexes, is expanded to eastern Madagascar. By increasing the known raft spider diversity from one valid species to five, our results merely scratch the surface of the true Dolomedes species diversity on Madagascar. Our integrative taxonomic model provides the framework for future revisions of raft spiders anywhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Ping Yu
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Kuntner
- Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jovan Hadži Institute of Biology, ZRC SAZU, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, and Centre for Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Percival JEH, Sato H, Razanaparany TP, Rakotomamonjy AH, Razafiarison ZL, Kitajima K. Non fire-adapted dry forest of Northwestern Madagascar: Escalating and devastating trends revealed by Landsat timeseries and GEDI lidar data. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290203. [PMID: 38377075 PMCID: PMC10878523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Ankarafantsika National Park (ANP), the last significant remnant of Northwestern Madagascar's tropical dry forests, is facing rapid degradation due to increased incidences of fire. This poses severe threats to biodiversity, local livelihoods, and vital ecosystem services. Our study, conducted on 3,052-ha of ANP's pristine forests, employed advanced remote-sensing techniques to assess fire impacts during the past 37 years. Our aims were to understand historical fire patterns and evaluate forest recovery and susceptibility to repeated fires following initial burns. Using data from multiple Landsat satellite sensors, we constructed a time series of fire events since 1985, which revealed no fire activity before 2014. The Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar sensor data were used to observe forest structure in both post-fire areas and undisturbed zones for comparison. We recorded six fire incidents from 2014-2021, during which the fire-affected area exponentially grew. A significant fire incident in October 2021 impacted 1,052 hectares, 59% of which had experienced at least one fire in two-to-four years prior, with 60% experiencing two preceding incidents: one in 2017 and another in 2019. The initial fire drastically reduced plant cover and tree height, with subsequent fires causing minor additional loss. Post-fire recovery was negligible within the initial four years, even in patches without recurrent fires. The likelihood for an initial burn to trigger subsequent fires within a few years was high, leading to larger, more severe fires. We conclude that ANP's dry forests exhibit high vulnerability and low resilience to anthropogenic fires. Prompt preventive measures are essential to halt further fire spread and conserve the park's unique and invaluable biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Ando Harilalao Rakotomamonjy
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Ecole Doctorale et Écosystème Naturel, University of Mahjanga, Mahjanga, Madagascar
| | | | - Kaoru Kitajima
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
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13
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Liu Y, Wang Y, Willett SD, Zimmermann NE, Pellissier L. Escarpment evolution drives the diversification of the Madagascar flora. Science 2024; 383:653-658. [PMID: 38330102 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi0833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Madagascar exhibits high endemic biodiversity that has evolved with sustained and stable rates of speciation over the past several tens of millions of years. The topography of Madagascar is dominated by a mountainous continental rift escarpment, with the highest plant diversity and rarity found along the steep, eastern side of this geographic feature. Using a process-explicit model, we show that precipitation-driven erosion and landward retreat of this high-relief topography creates transient habitat organization through multiple mechanisms, including catchment expansion, isolation of highland remnants, and formation of topographic barriers. Habitat isolation and reconnection on a million-year timescale serves as an allopatric speciation pump creating the observed biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sean D Willett
- Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus E Zimmermann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Loïc Pellissier
- Swiss Federal Research Institute (WSL), 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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14
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Piccoli C, Belluardo F, Lobón-Rovira J, Oliveira Alves I, Rasoazanany M, Andreone F, Rosa GM, Crottini A. Another step through the crux: a new microendemic rock-dwelling Paroedura (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from south-central Madagascar. Zookeys 2023; 1181:125-154. [PMID: 37841030 PMCID: PMC10568478 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1181.108134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Using an integrative taxonomic approach including genetic and morphological data, we formally describe a new microendemic gecko species belonging to the Paroedurabastardi clade, previously referred to as P.bastardi D. We name this taxon currently known from Anja Reserve and Tsaranoro Valley Forest (south-central Madagascar), as P.manongavatosp. nov. The new species differs from other species of the P.bastardi clade by ≥ 12.4% uncorrected p-distance at the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene and it forms a monophyletic group in the COI mtDNA phylogenetic tree. It lacks haplotype sharing at the nuclear KIAA1239 and CMOS genes with the other species of the same complex, including the syntopic P.rennerae. Given its limited extent of occurrence and high levels of habitat fragmentation linked to forest clearances and fires, we propose the IUCN Red List Category of Critically Endangered, based on the B1ab(iii) criterion. The conservation value of Anja Reserve and Tsaranoro Valley Forest is remarkable. Preserving the remaining deciduous forest habitat is of paramount importance to protect these narrow-range reptile species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Piccoli
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalMuseo Regionale di Scienze NaturaliTurinItaly
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
- MRSN, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, I-10123 Turin, ItalyBIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairãoPortugal
| | - Francesco Belluardo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalMuseo Regionale di Scienze NaturaliTurinItaly
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Javier Lobón-Rovira
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalMuseo Regionale di Scienze NaturaliTurinItaly
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Ivo Oliveira Alves
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalMuseo Regionale di Scienze NaturaliTurinItaly
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Malalatiana Rasoazanany
- Mention Zoologie et Biodiversité Animale, Université d’Antananarivo, Antananarivo, MadagascarUniversité d’AntananarivoAntananarivoMadagascar
| | - Franco Andreone
- MRSN, Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, I-10123 Turin, ItalyBIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de VairãoVairãoPortugal
| | - Gonçalo M. Rosa
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, NW1 4RY London, UKInstitute of Zoology, Zoological Society of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Bloco C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, PortugalCentre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & Global Change and Sustainability InstituteLisboaPortugal
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalMuseo Regionale di Scienze NaturaliTurinItaly
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, PortugalUniversidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, PortugalUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
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15
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Ali JR, Hedges SB. The colonisation of Madagascar by land-bound vertebrates. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1583-1606. [PMID: 37142264 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite discussions extending back almost 160 years, the means by which Madagascar's iconic land vertebrates arrived on the island remains the focus of active debate. Three options have been considered: vicariance, range expansion across land bridges, and dispersal over water. The first assumes that a group (clade/lineage) occupied the island when it was connected with the other Gondwana landmasses in the Mesozoic. Causeways to Africa do not exist today, but have been proposed by some researchers for various times in the Cenozoic. Over-water dispersal could be from rafting on floating vegetation (flotsam) or by swimming/drifting. A recent appraisal of the geological data supported the idea of vicariance, but found nothing to justify the notion of past causeways. Here we review the biological evidence for the mechanisms that explain the origins of 28 of Madagascar's land vertebrate clades [two other lineages (the geckos Geckolepis and Paragehyra) could not be included in the analysis due to phylogenetic uncertainties]. The podocnemid turtles and typhlopoid snakes are conspicuous for they appear to have arisen through a deep-time vicariance event. The two options for the remaining 26 (16 reptile, five land-bound-mammal, and five amphibian), which arrived between the latest Cretaceous and the present, are dispersal across land bridges or over water. As these would produce very different temporal influx patterns, we assembled and analysed published arrival times for each of the groups. For all, a 'colonisation interval' was generated that was bracketed by its 'stem-old' and 'crown-young' tree-node ages; in two instances, the ranges were refined using palaeontological data. The synthesis of these intervals for all clades, which we term a colonisation profile, has a distinctive shape that can be compared, statistically, to various models, including those that assume the arrivals were focused in time. The analysis leads us to reject the various land bridge models (which would show temporal concentrations) and instead supports the idea of dispersal over water (temporally random). Therefore, the biological evidence is now in agreement with the geological evidence, as well as the filtered taxonomic composition of the fauna, in supporting over-water dispersal as the mechanism that explains all but two of Madagascar's land-vertebrate groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Ali
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, 1925 N 12th Street, Suite 502, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
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Droissart V, Verlynde S, Ramandimbisoa B, Andriamahefarivo L, Stévart T. Diversity and distribution of Orchidaceae in one of the world's most threatened plant hotspots (Madagascar). Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e106223. [PMID: 38318515 PMCID: PMC10840847 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e106223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent decades, Madagascar has become one of the most important plant hotspots in the world. The country's remaining forests and vegetation are disappearing at an alarming rate, while dozens of new species are discovered each year. Amongst the plant families that have long been studied, Orchidaceae appear as one of the most charismatic, diverse and of high conservation concern. Based on a reviewed, comprehensive herbarium dataset, we have compiled a curated checklist of all orchid species occurring in Madagascar. Based on this complete dataset, we then compiled sampling effort, species diversity distribution and some general statistics on their ecology and IUCN conservation status. METHODS We compiled and standardised a global dataset using five public databases as the main data sources, supplemented by the most recent publications. The database contains ~ 10,000 geolocated records collected between 1816 and 2021. We used GIS software and rarefaction methods to examine sampling and diversity patterns. RESULTS According to our dataset, there are currently 913 orchid species collected in Madagascar, of which 759 orchid species (83.1%) are endemic. Doubling the sampling effort could lead to the discovery of around 100 more species, bringing the total estimated number of orchid species in Madagascar to between 986 and 1048. About one-third (297 species) of all orchid species are known only by type specimens (189 species) or have not been collected in Madagascar for more than 50 years (214 species). Although the raw data show that the Andasibe-Moramanga area would have the highest orchid species concentration, our analysis of the data, adjusted for bias, shows that the centres of orchid diversity in Madagascar are in the Tsaratanàna Strict Nature Reserve and the Ranomafana National Park. Life-form statistics show that 55.0% of orchid species are strict epiphytes. The main flowering period of orchids in Madagascar is between November and March. To date, 84% of the 226 Malagasy orchid species listed in the IUCN Red List are threatened with extinction (CR, EN or VU). CONCLUSION Despite geographically uneven coverage, the biodiversity of Malagasy orchids appears to be already well documented. We provide maps corrected for sampling bias that indicate priority areas for future surveys. Upcoming efforts should also focus on rediscovery and conservation of rare and/or threatened species and ensure that the protected area network is well aligned with the distribution of priority species for conservation. Finally, the conservation status of 75% of the orchid species found in Madagascar is not yet known and the inclusion of these species must be a top priority in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Droissart
- AMAP Lab, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAE, Montpellier, FranceAMAP Lab, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, CNRS, CIRAD, INRAEMontpellierFrance
- Plant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047, Yaoundé, CameroonPlant Systematics and Ecology Laboratory, Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 047YaoundéCameroon
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, CP 169, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, BelgiumHerbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, CP 169, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, B-1050BrusselsBelgium
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, United States of AmericaMissouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299United States of America
| | - Simon Verlynde
- Cullman Program for Molecular Systematics, New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York 10458-5126, United States of AmericaCullman Program for Molecular Systematics, New York Botanical Garden, BronxNew York 10458-5126United States of America
- PhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave., New York, NY 10016, United States of AmericaPhD Program in Biology, Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5th Ave.New York, NY 10016United States of America
| | - Brigitte Ramandimbisoa
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, United States of AmericaMissouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299United States of America
| | - Lalao Andriamahefarivo
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, United States of AmericaMissouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299United States of America
| | - Tariq Stévart
- Herbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, CP 169, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, B-1050, Brussels, BelgiumHerbarium et Bibliothèque de Botanique africaine, CP 169, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av. F. Roosevelt 50, B-1050BrusselsBelgium
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, United States of AmericaMissouri Botanical Garden, Africa & Madagascar Department, P.O. Box 299St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299United States of America
- Botanic Garden Meise, Domein van Bouchout, Nieuwelaan 38, B-1860 Meise, BelgiumBotanic Garden Meise, Domein van Bouchout, Nieuwelaan 38B-1860 MeiseBelgium
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Rasoamanamihaja CF, Rakotoarivelo RA, Edosoa G, Rasamoelina T, Montresor A, Marchese V, Fusco D. Schistosomiasis elimination in Madagascar: challenges and opportunities for implementing the new WHO guidelines. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:e012598. [PMID: 37580102 PMCID: PMC10432657 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Madagascar is one of the countries with the highest burden of schistosomiasis worldwide. The release from the WHO of the new 2021-2030 neglected tropical disease (NTD) roadmap alongside with the schistosomiasis guidelines sets the ambitious goal of eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem worldwide. In Madagascar, implementation barriers exist. This paper has the objective of identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in order to build on their basis practices and policies that can help the country to align with the international global health agenda and reach the ambitious goal set by the WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Glenn Edosoa
- World Health Organization, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Valentina Marchese
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fur Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Site, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniela Fusco
- Infectious Diseases Epidemiology, Bernhard-Nocht-Institut fur Tropenmedizin, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems Site, Hamburg, Germany
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Antonelli A. Five essentials for area-based biodiversity protection. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:630-631. [PMID: 36899140 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Antonelli
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, UK. .,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Bolotov IN, Eliseeva TA, Tsiplenkina IG, Gofarov MY, Kondakov AV. Long forgotten record of a freshwater leech on Madagascar indicates a host-associated dispersal event from continental Africa. ECOLOGICA MONTENEGRINA 2023. [DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.61.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Madagascar houses a peculiar and largely endemic biota, having ancient Gondwanan affinities. However, the faunal composite of many invertebrate groups on the island is poorly known. For a long time, it was believed that the freshwater leech fauna of Madagascar contains a salifid species (Salifidae) only. Here, we report on a historical record of Placobdelloides multistriatus (Johansson, 1909) (Glossiphoniidae), a widespread African species, from Andrahomana, Southern Madagascar. Franz Sikora (1863-1902), an Austrian traveler and collector, who visited Andrahomana in 1899 to excavate fossils from a cave, collected the leech sample. The two specimens were obtained from an unspecified turtle species. We assume that P. multistriatus may have arrived to Madagascar relatively recently (i.e., in the Late Pleistocene or Holocene) via a long-distance dispersal event from continental Africa with its reptilian hosts such as the Nile crocodile and marsh terrapin. Based on a review of the body of available literature, two more freshwater leech species are known to occur on Madagascar: Linta be Westergren & Siddall, 2004 (Salifidae) and Alboglossiphonia sp. (Glossiphoniidae). Our findings indicate that Madagascar houses at least three freshwater leech species and that some additional taxa may have been overlooked there due to the scarcity of sampling efforts in the island’s freshwater bodies.
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Spatial ecology of the invasive Asian common toad in Madagascar and its implications for invasion dynamics. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3526. [PMID: 36864075 PMCID: PMC9981762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion dynamics are determined, among other aspects, by the spatial behaviour of invasive populations. The invasive toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus is spreading inland from the eastern coast of Madagascar, causing considerable ecological impacts. Understanding the basic factors determining the spread dynamics can inform management strategies and provide insights into spatial evolutionary processes. We radio-tracked 91 adult toads in three localities along the invasion gradient to determine whether spatial sorting of dispersive phenotypes is occurring, and investigate intrinsic and extrinsic determinants of spatial behaviour. Overall, toads in our study appeared as habitat generalists, and their sheltering behaviour was tied to water proximity, with toads changing shelter more frequently closer to waterbodies. Toads showed low displacement rates (mean = 4.12 m/day) and quite a philopatric behaviour but were able to perform daily movements of over 50 m. We did not detect any spatial sorting of dispersal-relevant traits nor sex- or size-biased dispersal. Our results suggest that toads are more likely to expand their range during the wet season, and that the range expansion is probably dominated by short-distance dispersal at this stage of the invasion, although a future increase in invasion speed is expected, due to the capacity for long-distance movements of this species.
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Ralimanana H, Perrigo AL, Smith RJ, Borrell JS, Faurby S, Rajaonah MT, Randriamboavonjy T, Vorontsova MS, Cooke RSC, Phelps LN, Sayol F, Andela N, Andermann T, Andriamanohera AM, Andriambololonera S, Bachman SP, Bacon CD, Baker WJ, Belluardo F, Birkinshaw C, Cable S, Canales NA, Carrillo JD, Clegg R, Clubbe C, Crottini A, Damasco G, Dhanda S, Edler D, Farooq H, de Lima Ferreira P, Fisher BL, Forest F, Gardiner LM, Goodman SM, Grace OM, Guedes TB, Hackel J, Henniges MC, Hill R, Lehmann CER, Lowry PP, Marline L, Matos-Maraví P, Moat J, Neves B, Nogueira MGC, Onstein RE, Papadopulos AST, Perez-Escobar OA, Phillipson PB, Pironon S, Przelomska NAS, Rabarimanarivo M, Rabehevitra D, Raharimampionona J, Rajaonary F, Rajaovelona LR, Rakotoarinivo M, Rakotoarisoa AA, Rakotoarisoa SE, Rakotomalala HN, Rakotonasolo F, Ralaiveloarisoa BA, Ramirez-Herranz M, Randriamamonjy JEN, Randrianasolo V, Rasolohery A, Ratsifandrihamanana AN, Ravololomanana N, Razafiniary V, Razanajatovo H, Razanatsoa E, Rivers M, Silvestro D, Testo W, Torres Jiménez MF, Walker K, Walker BE, Wilkin P, Williams J, Ziegler T, Zizka A, Antonelli A. Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities. Science 2022; 378:eadf1466. [DOI: 10.1126/science.adf1466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Madagascar’s unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar’s terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by presenting data and analyses on documented and predicted species-level conservation statuses, the most prevalent and relevant threats, ex situ collections and programs, and the coverage and comprehensiveness of protected areas. The existing terrestrial protected area network in Madagascar covers 10.4% of its land area and includes at least part of the range of the majority of described native species of vertebrates with known distributions (97.1% of freshwater fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals combined) and plants (67.7%). The overall figures are higher for threatened species (97.7% of threatened vertebrates and 79.6% of threatened plants occurring within at least one protected area). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments and Bayesian neural network analyses for plants identify overexploitation of biological resources and unsustainable agriculture as the most prominent threats to biodiversity. We highlight five opportunities for action at multiple levels to ensure that conservation and ecological restoration objectives, programs, and activities take account of complex underlying and interacting factors and produce tangible benefits for the biodiversity and people of Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Ralimanana
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Allison L. Perrigo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhian J. Smith
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Søren Faurby
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mamy Tiana Rajaonah
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | - Robert S. C. Cooke
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, UK
| | - Leanne N. Phelps
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ferran Sayol
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Niels Andela
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Tobias Andermann
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Organismal Biology, SciLifeLab, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Christine D. Bacon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Francesco Belluardo
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Chris Birkinshaw
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart Cable
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Nataly A. Canales
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juan D. Carrillo
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Rosie Clegg
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Colin Clubbe
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Angelica Crottini
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Gabriel Damasco
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Sonia Dhanda
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniel Edler
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Integrated Science Lab, Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Harith Farooq
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lúrio University, Pemba, Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique
| | - Paola de Lima Ferreira
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | | | - Félix Forest
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Lauren M. Gardiner
- Cambridge University Herbarium, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven M. Goodman
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Thaís B. Guedes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jan Hackel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Marie C. Henniges
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rowena Hill
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Caroline E. R. Lehmann
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Porter P. Lowry
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Lovanomenjanahary Marline
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Association Vahatra, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Pável Matos-Maraví
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Justin Moat
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Beatriz Neves
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus G. C. Nogueira
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renske E. Onstein
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter B. Phillipson
- Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, et Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Samuel Pironon
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC), Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalia A. S. Przelomska
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Anthropology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - David Rabehevitra
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Fano Rajaonary
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Landy R. Rajaovelona
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Mijoro Rakotoarinivo
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Antananarivo, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Amédée A. Rakotoarisoa
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Solofo E. Rakotoarisoa
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Herizo N. Rakotomalala
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Franck Rakotonasolo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | - Myriam Ramirez-Herranz
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, University of La Serena, La Serena, Chile
- Programa de Doctorado en Biología y Ecología Aplicada, Universidad Católica del Norte, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | | | - Vonona Randrianasolo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | | | | | | | - Velosoa Razafiniary
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Henintsoa Razanajatovo
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Estelle Razanatsoa
- Plant Conservation Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Malin Rivers
- Botanic Gardens Conservation International, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | - Daniele Silvestro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Weston Testo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Maria F. Torres Jiménez
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kim Walker
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Paul Wilkin
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Thomas Ziegler
- Cologne Zoo, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Zizka
- Department of Biology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexandre Antonelli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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