1
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Wang B, Song L, Peng C, Lv X, Zheng G. Pd-induced polarized Cu 0-Cu + sites for electrocatalytic CO 2-to-C 2+ conversion in acidic medium. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 671:184-191. [PMID: 38797144 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The acidic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) offers a promising approach to mitigate CO2 reactant loss and carbonate deposition, which are challenging issues in alkaline or neutral electrolytes. However, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) competes in the proton-rich environment near the catalyst surface as a side reaction, reducing the energy efficiency of generating multi-carbon (C2+) products. In this work, we proposed a palladium (Pd) doping strategy in a copper (Cu)-based catalyst to stabilize polarized Cu0-Cu+ sites, thus enhancing the CC coupling step during the CO2RR while suppressing HER. At an optimal doping ratio of 6%, the Pd dopants were well dispersed as single atoms without aggregation, allowing for the stabilization of subsurface oxygen (OSub), preserving the polarized Cu0-Cu+ active sites, and reducing the energy barrier of CC coupling. The Pd-doped Cu/Cu2O catalyst exhibited a peak Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 64.0% for C2+ products with a corresponding C2+ partial current density of 407.1 mA∙cm-2 at -2.18 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode, a high CO2 single-pass conversion efficiency (SPCE) of 73.2%, as well as a high electrochemical stability of ∼ 150 h at industrially relevant current densities, thus suggesting a potential approach for tuning the electrocatalytic CO2 performances in acidic environments with higher carbon conversion efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lu Song
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chen Peng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ximeng Lv
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Gengfeng Zheng
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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2
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Chen J, Niu W, Xue L, Sun K, Yang X, Zhang X, Li W, Huang S, Shi W, Zhang B. Amino-functionalization enhanced CO 2 reduction reaction in pure water. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:16510-16516. [PMID: 39158040 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01416b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) to carbon monoxide represents a cost-effective pathway towards realizing carbon neutrality. To suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the presence of alkali cations is critical, which can however lead to precipitate formation on the electrode, adversely impacting the device stability. Employing pure water as the electrolyte in zero-gap CO2 electrolyzers can address this challenge, albeit at the cost of diminished catalyst performance due to the absence of alkali cations. In this study, we introduce a novel approach by implementing amino modifications on the catalyst surface to mimic the function of alkali metal cations, while simultaneously working in pure water. This modification enhances the adsorption of carbon dioxide and protons, thereby facilitating the CO2RR while concurrently suppressing the HER. Utilizing this strategy in a zero-gap CO2 electrolyzer with pure water as the anolyte resulted in an impressive carbon monoxide faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 95.5% at a current density of 250 mA cm-2, while maintaining stability for over 180 hours without any maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenzhe Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangyao Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weihang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shuanglong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers & Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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3
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Wu B, Wang B, Cai B, Wu C, Tjiu WW, Zhang M, Aabdin Z, Xi S, Lum Y. A Solid-State Electrolyte Facilitates Acidic CO 2 Electrolysis without Alkali Metal Cations by Regulating Proton Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39263868 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) in acidic media provides a pathway to curtail CO2 losses by suppressing the formation of (bi)carbonates. In such systems, a high concentration of alkali metal cations is necessary for mitigating the proton-rich environment and suppressing the competing hydrogen evolution reaction. However, a high cation concentration also promotes salt precipitation within the gas diffusion layer, resulting in poor system durability. Here, we resolve this conundrum by replacing the liquid catholyte with a solid-state proton conductor to regulate H+ transport. This is postulated to allow for a locally alkaline environment at the cathode, enabling selective CO2R even without alkali metal cations. We show that this strategy is effective over a broad range of catalyst systems. For instance, we achieve an 87% CO faradaic efficiency (FE) at 300 mA/cm2 using a composite nanoporous Au and single-atom Ni catalyst, with 0.25 M H2SO4 as the anolyte. Stable operation over 110 h and a high single-pass carbon efficiency of 82.8% were also successfully demonstrated. Importantly, we find that this solid-state system is also particularly effective at converting dilute feedstock (5% CO2) with a CO FE of 47.7%, a factor of 16.4 times higher than a conventional system. Our results introduce a simple yet effective design approach for developing efficient acidic CO2R electrolyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Beijing Cai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Republic of Singapore
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Weng Weei Tjiu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mingsheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zainul Aabdin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Singapore 627833, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yanwei Lum
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Republic of Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
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4
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Hicks MH, Nie W, Boehme AE, Atwater HA, Agapie T, Peters JC. Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction in Acidic Electrolytes: Spectroscopic Evidence for Local pH Gradients. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25282-25289. [PMID: 39215715 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by recent advances in electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2R) under acidic conditions, herein we leverage in situ spectroscopy to inform the optimization of CO2R at low pH. Using attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) and fluorescent confocal laser scanning microscopy, we investigate the role that alkali cations (M+) play on electrochemical CO2R. This study hence provides important information related to the local electrode surface pH under bulk acidic conditions for CO2R, both in the presence and absence of an organic film layer, at variable [M+]. We show that in an acidic electrolyte, an appropriate current density can enable CO2R in the absence of metal cations. In situ local pH measurements suggest the local [H+] must be sufficiently depleted to promote H2O reduction as the competing reaction with CO2R. Incrementally incorporating [K+] leads to increases in the local pH that promotes CO2R but only at proton consumption rates sufficient to drive the pH up dramatically. Stark tuning measurements and analysis of surface water structure reveal no change in the electric field with [M+] and a desorption of interfacial water, indicating that improved CO2R performance is driven by suppression of H+ mass transport and modification of the interfacial solvation structure. In situ pH measurements confirm increasing local pH, and therefore decreased local [CO2], with [M+], motivating alternate means of modulating proton transport. We show that an organic film formed via in situ electrodeposition of an organic additive provides a means to achieve selective CO2R (FECO2R ∼ 65%) over hydrogen evolution reaction in the presence of strong acid (pH 1) and low cation concentrations (≤0.1 M) at both low and high current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline H Hicks
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Weixuan Nie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Annette E Boehme
- Department of Applied Physics and Material Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Department of Applied Physics and Material Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jonas C Peters
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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5
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Bai H, Deng H, Pan B, Li Y, Wang Y. Trilayer Polymer Electrolytes Enable Carbon-Efficient CO 2 to Multicarbon Product Conversion in Alkaline Electrolyzers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404110. [PMID: 39031640 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is an appealing method for carbon utilization. Alkaline CO2 electrolyzers exhibit high CO2RR activity, low full-cell voltages, and cost-effectiveness. However, the issue of CO2 loss caused by (bi)carbonate formation leads to excessive energy consumption, rendering the process economically impractical. In this study, we propose a trilayer polymer electrolyte (TPE) comprising a perforated anion exchange membrane (PAEM) and a bipolar membrane (BPM) to facilitate alkaline CO2RR. This TPE enables the coexistence of high alkalinity near the catalyst surface and the H+ flux at the interface between the PAEM and the cation exchange layer (CEL) of the BPM, conditions favoring both CO2 reduction to multicarbon products and (bi)carbonate removal in KOH-fed membrane electrode assembly (MEA) reactors. As a result, we achieve a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of approximately 46 % for C2H4, corresponding to a C2+ FE of 64 % at 260 mA cm-2, with a CO2-to-C2H4 single-pass conversion (SPC) of approximately 32 % at 140 mA cm-2-nearly 1.3 times the limiting SPC in conventional AEM-MEA electrolyzers. Furthermore, coupling CO2 reduction with formaldehyde oxidation reaction (FOR) in the TPE-MEA electrolyzer reduces the full-cell voltage to 2.3 V at 100 mA cm-2 without compromising the C2H4 FE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jundong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuesheng Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haoxiang Bai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Huiying Deng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Binbin Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanguang Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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6
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Yue K, Qin Y, Huang H, Lv Z, Cai M, Su Y, Huang F, Yan Y. Stabilized Cu 0 -Cu 1+ dual sites in a cyanamide framework for selective CO 2 electroreduction to ethylene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7820. [PMID: 39242556 PMCID: PMC11379946 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to produce high-value ethylene is often limited by poor selectivity and yield of multi-carbon products. To address this, we propose a cyanamide-coordinated isolated copper framework with both metallic copper (Cu0) and charged copper (Cu1+) sites as an efficient electrocatalyst for the reduction of carbon dioxide to ethylene. Our operando electrochemical characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that copper atoms in the Cuδ+NCN complex enhance carbon dioxide activation by improving surface carbon monoxide adsorption, while delocalized electrons around copper sites facilitate carbon-carbon coupling by reducing the Gibbs free energy for *CHC formation. This leads to high selectivity for ethylene production. The Cuδ+NCN catalyst achieves 77.7% selectivity for carbon dioxide to ethylene conversion at a partial current density of 400 milliamperes per square centimeter and demonstrates long-term stability over 80 hours in membrane electrode assembly-based electrolysers. This study provides a strategic approach for designing catalysts for the electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals from carbon dioxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihang Yue
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyang Qin
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Honghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Zhuoran Lv
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Mingzhi Cai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaqiong Su
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China.
| | - Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Ya Yan
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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7
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Deng B, Sun D, Zhao X, Wang L, Ma F, Li Y, Dong F. Accelerating acidic CO 2 electroreduction: strategies beyond catalysts. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04283b. [PMID: 39263663 PMCID: PMC11382547 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04283b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dioxide electrochemical reduction (CO2RR) into high-value-added chemicals offers an alternative pathway toward achieving carbon neutrality. However, in conventional neutral or alkaline electrolyte systems, a significant portion of CO2 is converted into (bi)carbonate due to the thermodynamically favorable acid-base neutralization reaction between CO2 and hydroxide ions. This results in the single-pass carbon efficiency (SPCE) being theoretically capped at 50%, presenting challenges for practical applications. Acidic CO2RR can completely circumvent the carbonate issue and theoretically achieve 100% SPCE, garnering substantial attention from researchers in recent years. Nevertheless, acidic CO2RR currently lags behind traditional neutral/alkaline systems in terms of product selectivity, stability, and energy efficiency, primarily because the abundance of H+ ions exacerbates the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Encouragingly, significant breakthroughs have been made to address these challenges, with numerous studies indicating that the regulation of the local catalytic environment may be more crucial than the catalyst itself. In this review, we will discuss the main challenges and latest strategies for acidic CO2RR, focusing on three key aspects beyond the catalyst: electrolyte regulation, local catalytic environment modification, and novel designs of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs)/electrolyzers. We will also conclude the current advancement for acidic CO2RR and provide an outlook, with the hope that this technology will contribute to achieving carbon neutrality and advance towards practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Deng
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 China
- CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Daming Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University Lanzhou 730070 China
| | - Xueyang Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 611756 China
| | - Lili Wang
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 China
- CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Feiyu Ma
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 China
- CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy Chongqing 401147 China
| | - Yizhao Li
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 China
| | - Fan Dong
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Smart and Clean Energy, Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Huzhou 313001 China
- CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy Chongqing 401147 China
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8
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Li B, Lv M, Zhang Y, Gong X, Lou Z, Wang Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Cheng H, Dai Y, Huang B, Zheng Z. Single-Particle Imaging Photoinduced Charge Transfer of Ferroelectric Polarized Heterostructures for Photocatalysis. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39228064 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric-assisted photocatalysis has a huge potential in solving the energy shortage and environmental pollution problems, and imaging their detailed charge-transfer process can provide in-depth understanding for the development of high-active piezo-photocatalysts; however, it is still challenging. Herein, topotactic heterostructures of TiO2@BaTiO3 (TO@BTO-S) were constructed by the epitaxial growth of ferroelectric BaTiO3 mesocrystals on TiO2-{001} facets, resulting in a ferroelectric photocatalyst with a polarization orientation on the surface. Notably, the photoinduced charge transfer in ferroelectric TiO2@BaTiO3 was accurately monitored and directly visualized at the single-particle level by the advanced photoluminescence (PL) imaging microscopy systems. The longer PL lifetime of TO@BTO-S demonstrated the efficient charge separation caused by a built-in electric field, which is constructed by the polarization orientation of BaTiO3 mesocrystals. Therefore, the TO@BTO-S heterostructure exhibits efficient piezoelectric-assisted photocatalytic pure water splitting, which is 290 times higher than photocatalysis. This work revealed time/spatial-resolved photoinduced charge transfer in piezoelectric assistance photocatalysts at the single-particle level and demonstrated the great role of polarization orientation in promoting charge transfer for photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Min Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yujia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xueqin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zaizhu Lou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation, Institute of Nanophotonics, College of Physics & Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
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9
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Liu C, Shi Z, Zhang H, Yan C, Song P, Xing W, Xu W. pH Variation in the Acidic Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Process. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024. [PMID: 39213535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
To address the carbonate problem in the alkaline electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), more attention has been paid to the CO2RR conducted in acidic electrolytes. The pH stability of such an acidic electrolyte is vital to make sure that the conclusion made in the so-called acidic CO2RR is reliable. Herein, based on reported model electrocatalysts for acidic CO2RR, by monitoring the varying of pH and alkali cation (K+) concentration along with the CO2RR performance in initially acidic electrolyte solution (K2SO4 with pH = 3.5), we unveil their remarkable CO2RR performance along with the rapid pH increase up to 9.5 in the cathode chamber and decrease down to 2.4 in the anode chamber due to the diffusion of K+ along with protons through the proton exchange membrane from the anode to the cathode chamber. We further reveal the rapid collapse of their CO2RR performance in a constant acid solution. This means that some previously reported "remarkable acidic CO2RR performances" actually originate from the alkaline rather than acidic electrolyte, and the conclusions made in such work need to be reconsidered. We also summarize the actual relationship between the CO2RR performance and catholyte pH in widely used Bi- and Sn-based catalysts. This work provides deeper insights into the stability of acidity and the pH effect on electrocatalysts for the CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022 Changchun, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022 Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022 Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Chengyang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022 Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Ping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022 Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022 Changchun, P.R. China
| | - Weilin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry & Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, 130022 Changchun, P.R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Anhui, P.R. China
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10
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Chen X, Feng S, Yan J, Zou Y, Wang L, Qiao J, Liu Y. In 2O 3/Bi 2O 3 interface induces ultra-stable carbon dioxide electroreduction on heterogeneous InBiO x catalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 678:757-766. [PMID: 39217691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.08.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERCO2) has emerged as one of the most promising methods for achieving both renewable energy storage and CO2 recovery. However, achieving both high selectivity and stability of catalysts remains a significant challenge. To address this challenge, this study investigated the selective synthesis of formate via ERCO2 at the interface of In2O3 and Bi2O3 in the InBiO6 composite material. Moreover, InBiO6 was synthesized using indium-based metal-organic frameworks as precursor, which underwent continuous processing through ion exchange and thermal reduction. The results revealed that the formate Faradaic efficiency (FEformate) of InBiO6 reached nearly 100 % at -0.86 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and remained above 90 % after continuous 317-h electrolysis, which exceeded those of previously reported indium-based catalysts. Additionally, the InBiO6 composite material exhibited an FEformate exceeding 80 % across a wide potential range of 500 mV from -0.76 to -1.26 V vs. RHE. Density-functional theory analysis confirmed that the heterogeneous interface of InBiO6 played a role in achieving optimal free energies for *OCHO on its surface. Furthermore, the addition of Bi to the InBiO6 matrix facilitated electron transfer and altered the electronic structure of In2O3, thereby enhancing the adsorption, decomposition, and formate production of *OCHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Chen
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Shuoshuo Feng
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jiaying Yan
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yanhong Zou
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinli Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 Ren'min North Road, Shanghai 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yuyu Liu
- Institute for Sustainable Energy, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China.
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11
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Dongare S, Zeeshan M, Aydogdu AS, Dikki R, Kurtoğlu-Öztulum SF, Coskun OK, Muñoz M, Banerjee A, Gautam M, Ross RD, Stanley JS, Brower RS, Muchharla B, Sacci RL, Velázquez JM, Kumar B, Yang JY, Hahn C, Keskin S, Morales-Guio CG, Uzun A, Spurgeon JM, Gurkan B. Reactive capture and electrochemical conversion of CO 2 with ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:8563-8631. [PMID: 38912871 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have tremendous potential for reactive capture and conversion (RCC) of CO2 due to their wide electrochemical stability window, low volatility, and high CO2 solubility. There is environmental and economic interest in the direct utilization of the captured CO2 using electrified and modular processes that forgo the thermal- or pressure-swing regeneration steps to concentrate CO2, eliminating the need to compress, transport, or store the gas. The conventional electrochemical conversion of CO2 with aqueous electrolytes presents limited CO2 solubility and high energy requirement to achieve industrially relevant products. Additionally, aqueous systems have competitive hydrogen evolution. In the past decade, there has been significant progress toward the design of ILs and DESs, and their composites to separate CO2 from dilute streams. In parallel, but not necessarily in synergy, there have been studies focused on a few select ILs and DESs for electrochemical reduction of CO2, often diluting them with aqueous or non-aqueous solvents. The resulting electrode-electrolyte interfaces present a complex speciation for RCC. In this review, we describe how the ILs and DESs are tuned for RCC and specifically address the CO2 chemisorption and electroreduction mechanisms. Critical bulk and interfacial properties of ILs and DESs are discussed in the context of RCC, and the potential of these electrolytes are presented through a techno-economic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saudagar Dongare
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Muhammad Zeeshan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Ahmet Safa Aydogdu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ruth Dikki
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Samira F Kurtoğlu-Öztulum
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Turkish-German University, Sahinkaya Cad., Beykoz, 34820 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kagan Coskun
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Miguel Muñoz
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Avishek Banerjee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Manu Gautam
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - R Dominic Ross
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Jared S Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Rowan S Brower
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Baleeswaraiah Muchharla
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, & Engineering Technology, Elizabeth City State University, 1704 Weeksville Road, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA
| | - Robert L Sacci
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA
| | - Jesús M Velázquez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bijandra Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, & Engineering Technology, Elizabeth City State University, 1704 Weeksville Road, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA
| | - Jenny Y Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Christopher Hahn
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Seda Keskin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carlos G Morales-Guio
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Alper Uzun
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University TÜPRAŞ Energy Center (KUTEM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
- Koç University Surface Science and Technology Center (KUYTAM), Koç University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Burcu Gurkan
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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12
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Nguyen TN, Khiarak BN, Xu Z, Farzi A, Sadaf SM, Seifitokaldani A, Dinh CT. Multi-metallic Layered Catalysts for Stable Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Formate and Formic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301894. [PMID: 38490951 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) to value-added products such as formate/formic acid is a promising approach for CO2 mitigation. Practical ECR requires long-term stability at industrially relevant reduction rates, which is challenging due to the rapid degradation of most catalysts at high current densities. Herein, we report the development of a bismuth (Bi) gas diffusion electrode on a polytetrafluoroethylene-based electrically conductive silver (Ag) substrate (Ag@Bi), which exhibits high Faradaic efficiency (FE) for formate of over 90 % in 1 M KOH and 1 M KHCO3 electrolytes. The catalyst also shows high selectivity of formic acid above 85 % in 1 M NaCl catholyte, which has a bulk pH of 2-3 during ECR, at current densities up to 300 mA cm-2. In 1 M KHCO3 condition, Ag@Bi maintains formate FE above 90 % for at least 500 hours at the current density of 100 mA cm-2. We found that the Ag@Bi catalyst degrades over time due to the leaching of Bi in the NaCl catholyte. To overcome this challenge, we deposited a layer of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Ag@Bi to form a multi-layer Ag@Bi/Ag catalyst. This designed catalyst exhibits 300 hours of stability with FE for formic acid ≥70 % at 100 mA cm-2. Our work establishes a new strategy for achieving the operational longevity of ECR under wide pH conditions, which is critical for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu N Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Helen Scientific Research and Technological Development Co., Ltd, Ho Chi Minh, City, 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Zijun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Farzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Sharif Md Sadaf
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Ali Seifitokaldani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Cao-Thang Dinh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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13
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Ma D, Zhi C, Zhang Y, Chen J, Zhang Y, Shi JW. A Review on the Influence of Crystal Facets on the Product Selectivity of CO 2RR over Cu Metal Catalysts. ACS NANO 2024; 18:21714-21746. [PMID: 39126711 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (ECRR) is promising in converting environmentally harmful CO2 into useful chemicals, but the large-scale application of this technology is seriously limited by its low efficiency and selectivity. Cu-based electrocatalysts displayed attractive ability in converting CO2 to multiple products, and the product selectivity can be manipulated through various approaches. Among them, exposing specific crystal facets through crystal facet engineering has been proven to be highly effective in obtaining specific products and has attracted numerous researchers. However, to our knowledge, few reports have systematically summarized the relationship between the crystal facet control of Cu catalysts and the catalytic products. This review begins by outlining the general mechanism of CO2 electrocatalytic reduction on Cu-based catalysts, and then summarizes the preferences of low-index and high-index Cu facets regarding product selectivity and delves into the synergistic effects between facets (including different Cu facets and interactions between Cu and non-Cu facets) and their impact on CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR). In addition, the study of the recently developed Cu single-atom catalysts in ECRR was also introduced. Finally, we provide an outlook on the development of high-performance Cu-based catalysts for applications in CO2RR. The purpose of this review is to provide a clear vein and meaningful guidance for the following studies over the crystal facet control of Cu-based electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Chuanqi Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiantao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jian-Wen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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14
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Feng J, Liu C, Qiao L, An K, Lin S, Ip WF, Pan H. Electrolyte-Assisted Structure Reconstruction Optimization of Sn-Zn Hybrid Oxide Boosts the Electrochemical CO 2-to-HCOO - Conversion. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2407019. [PMID: 39158940 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202407019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Electrolyte plays crucial roles in electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (e-CO2RR), yet how it affects the e-CO2RR performance still being unclarified. In this work, it is reported that Sn-Zn hybrid oxide enables excellent CO2-to-HCOO- conversion in KHCO3 with a HCOO- Faraday efficiency ≈89%, a yield rate ≈0.58 mmol cm-2 h-1 and a stability up to ≈60 h at -0.93 V, which are higher than those in NaHCO3 and K2SO4. Systematical characterizations unveil that the surface reconstruction on Sn-Zn greatly depends on the electrolyte using: the Sn-SnO2/ZnO, the ZnO encapsulated Sn-SnO2/ZnO and the Sn-SnO2/Zn-ZnO are reconstructed on the surface by KHCO3, NaHCO3 and K2SO4, respectively. The improved CO2-to-HCOO- performance in KHCO3 is highly attributed to the reconstructed Sn-SnO2/ZnO, which can enhance the charge transportation, promote the CO2 adsorption and optimize the adsorption configuration, accumulate the protons by enhancing water adsorption/cleavage and limit the hydrogen evolution. The findings may provide insightful understanding on the relationship between electrolyte and surface reconstruction in e-CO2RR and guide the design of novel electrocatalyst for effective CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Feng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Chunfa Liu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Lulu Qiao
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Keyu An
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Sen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Weng Fai Ip
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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15
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Xu X, Guan J. Spin effect in dual-atom catalysts for electrocatalysis. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04370g. [PMID: 39246370 PMCID: PMC11376133 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04370g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of high-efficiency atomic-level catalysts for energy-conversion and -storage technologies is crucial to address energy shortages. The spin states of diatomic catalysts (DACs) are closely tied to their catalytic activity. Adjusting the spin states of DACs' active centers can directly modify the occupancy of d-orbitals, thereby influencing the bonding strength between metal sites and intermediates as well as the energy transfer during electro reactions. Herein, we discuss various techniques for characterizing the spin states of atomic catalysts and strategies for modulating their active center spin states. Next, we outline recent progress in the study of spin effects in DACs for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), electrocatalytic nitrogen/nitrate reduction reaction (eNRR/NO3RR), and electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (eCO2RR) and provide a detailed explanation of the catalytic mechanisms influenced by the spin regulation of DACs. Finally, we offer insights into the future research directions in this critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Xu
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 PR China
| | - Jingqi Guan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130021 PR China
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16
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Yang K, Li M, Gao T, Xu G, Li D, Zheng Y, Li Q, Duan J. An acid-tolerant metal-organic framework for industrial CO 2 electrolysis using a proton exchange membrane. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7060. [PMID: 39152107 PMCID: PMC11329766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Industrial CO2 electrolysis via electrochemical CO2 reduction has achieved progress in alkaline solutions, while the same reaction in acidic solution remains challenging because of severe hydrogen evolution side reactions, acid corrosion, and low target product selectivity. Herein, an industrial acidic CO2 electrolysis to pure HCOOH system is realized in a proton-exchange-membrane electrolyzer using an acid-tolerant Bi-based metal-organic framework guided by a Pourbaix diagram. Significantly, the Faradaic efficiency of HCOOH synthesis reaches 95.10% at a large current density of 400 mA/cm2 with a high CO2 single-pass conversion efficiency of 64.91%. Moreover, the proton-exchange-membrane device also achieves an industrial-level current density of 250 mA/cm2 under a relatively low voltage of 3.5 V for up to 100 h with a Faradaic efficiency of 93.5% for HCOOH production, which corresponds to an energy consumption of 200.65 kWh/kmol, production rate of 12.1 mmol/m2/s, and an energy conversion efficiency of 38.2%. These results will greatly aid the contemporary research moving toward commercial implementation and success of CO2 electrolysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- MIIT Key Lab Thermal Control Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Li
- MIIT Key Lab Thermal Control Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianqi Gao
- MIIT Key Lab Thermal Control Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Xu
- MIIT Key Lab Thermal Control Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Li
- MIIT Key Lab Thermal Control Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Qiang Li
- MIIT Key Lab Thermal Control Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Duan
- MIIT Key Lab Thermal Control Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 210094, Nanjing, China.
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17
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He J, Xu L, Qin C, Zhang J, Liu D, Li Q, Feng Z, Wang J, Liu P, Li H, Yang Z. Electron Reservoir Effect of Adjacent Fe Nanoclusters Boosts Atomic Fe Active Sites on Porous Carbon for the Both Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction and CO 2 Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405157. [PMID: 39126174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) are greatly significant in renewable energy-related devices and carbon-neutral closed cycle, while the development of robust and highly efficient electrocatalysts has remained challenges. Herein, a hybrid electrocatalyst, featuring axial N-coordinated Fe single atom sites on hierarchically N, P-codoped porous carbon support and Fe nanoclusters as electron reservoir (FeNCs/FeSAs-NPC), is fabricated via in situ thermal transformation of the precursor of a supramolecular polymer initiated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds co-assembly. The FeNCs/FeSAs-NPC catalyst manifests superior oxygen reduction activity with a half-wave potential of 0.91 V in alkaline solution, as well as high CO2 to CO Faraday efficiency (FE) of surpassing 90% in a wide potential window from -0.40 to -0.85 V, along with excellent electrochemical durability. Theoretical calculations indicate that the electron reservoir effect of Fe nanoclusters can trigger the electron redistribution of the atomic Fe moieties, facilitating the activation of O2 and CO2 molecules, lowering the energy barriers for rate-determining step, and thus contributing to the accelerated ORR and CO2RR kinetics. This work offers an effective design of electron coupling catalysts that have advanced single atoms coexisting with nanoclusters for efficient ORR and CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin He
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Li Xu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Chenchen Qin
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Daomeng Liu
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qingyi Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ziyi Feng
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Peigen Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (NSRL), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Hongbao Li
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhengkun Yang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui Graphene Carbon Fiber Materials Research Center, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
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18
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Tsai MD, Wu KC, Kung CW. Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks and their roles in electrocatalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8360-8374. [PMID: 39034845 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02793k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Due to their exceptional chemical stability in water and high structural tunability, zirconium(IV)-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) have been considered attractive materials in the broad fields of electrocatalysis. Numerous studies published since 2015 have attempted to utilise Zr-MOFs in electrocatalysis, with the porous framework serving as either the active electrocatalyst or the scaffold or surface coating to further enhance the performance of the actual electrocatalyst. Herein, the roles of Zr-MOFs in electrocatalytic processes are discussed, and some selected examples reporting the applications of Zr-MOFs in various electrocatalytic reactions, including several studies from our group, are overviewed. Challenges, limitations and opportunities in using Zr-MOFs in electrocatalysis in future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Dian Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Chu Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan.
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19
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Hao Q, Zhen C, Tang Q, Wang J, Ma P, Wu J, Wang T, Liu D, Xie L, Liu X, Gu MD, Hoffmann MR, Yu G, Liu K, Lu J. Universal Formation of Single Atoms from Molten Salt for Facilitating Selective CO 2 Reduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406380. [PMID: 38857899 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Clarifying the formation mechanism of single-atom sites guides the design of emerging single-atom catalysts (SACs) and facilitates the identification of the active sites at atomic scale. Herein, a molten-salt atomization strategy is developed for synthesizing zinc (Zn) SACs with temperature universality from 400 to 1000/1100 °C and an evolved coordination from Zn-N2Cl2 to Zn-N4. The electrochemical tests and in situ attenuated total reflectance-surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy confirm that the Zn-N4 atomic sites are active for electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) conversion to carbon monoxide (CO). In a strongly acidic medium (0.2 m K2SO4, pH = 1), the Zn SAC formed at 1000 °C (Zn1NC) containing Zn-N4 sites enables highly selective CO2 electroreduction to CO, with nearly 100% selectivity toward CO product in a wide current density range of 100-600 mA cm-2. During a 50 h continuous electrolysis at the industrial current density of 200 mA cm-2, Zn1NC achieves Faradaic efficiencies greater than 95% for CO product. The work presents a temperature-universal formation of single-atom sites, which provides a novel platform for unraveling the active sites in Zn SACs for CO2 electroreduction and extends the synthesis of SACs with controllable coordination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hao
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Cheng Zhen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Jiazhi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Peiyu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Junxiu Wu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Tianyang Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Dongxue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Education and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
| | - Linxuan Xie
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - M Danny Gu
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, China
| | - Michael R Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Gang Yu
- Merging Contaminants Research Center, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519087, China
| | - Kai Liu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
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20
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Chen H, Mo P, Zhu J, Xu X, Cheng Z, Yang F, Xu Z, Liu J, Wang L. Anionic Coordination Control in Building Cu-Based Electrocatalytic Materials for CO 2 Reduction Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2400661. [PMID: 38597688 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Renewable energy-driven conversion of CO2 to value-added fuels and chemicals via electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) technology is regarded as a promising strategy with substantial environmental and economic benefits to achieve carbon neutrality. Because of its sluggish kinetics and complex reaction paths, developing robust catalytic materials with exceptional selectivity to the targeted products is one of the core issues, especially for extensively concerned Cu-based materials. Manipulating Cu species by anionic coordination is identified as an effective way to improve electrocatalytic performance, in terms of modulating active sites and regulating structural reconstruction. This review elaborates on recent discoveries and progress of Cu-based CO2RR catalytic materials enhanced by anionic coordination control, regarding reaction paths, functional mechanisms, and roles of different non-metallic anions in catalysis. Finally, the review concludes with some personal insights and provides challenges and perspectives on the utilization of this strategy to build desirable electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxia Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Mo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Junpeng Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Feng Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhongfei Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Juzhe Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
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21
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Ma Y, Sun M, Xu H, Zhang Q, Lv J, Guo W, Hao F, Cui W, Wang Y, Yin J, Wen H, Lu P, Wang G, Zhou J, Yu J, Ye C, Gan L, Zhang D, Chu S, Gu L, Shao M, Huang B, Fan Z. Site-Selective Growth of fcc-2H-fcc Copper on Unconventional Phase Metal Nanomaterials for Highly Efficient Tandem CO 2 Electroreduction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402979. [PMID: 38811011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) nanomaterials are a unique kind of electrocatalysts for high-value multi-carbon production in carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), which holds enormous potential in attaining carbon neutrality. However, phase engineering of Cu nanomaterials remains challenging, especially for the construction of unconventional phase Cu-based asymmetric heteronanostructures. Here the site-selective growth of Cu on unusual phase gold (Au) nanorods, obtaining three kinds of heterophase fcc-2H-fcc Au-Cu heteronanostructures is reported. Significantly, the resultant fcc-2H-fcc Au-Cu Janus nanostructures (JNSs) break the symmetric growth mode of Cu on Au. In electrocatalytic CO2RR, the fcc-2H-fcc Au-Cu JNSs exhibit excellent performance in both H-type and flow cells, with Faradaic efficiencies of 55.5% and 84.3% for ethylene and multi-carbon products, respectively. In situ characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the co-exposure of 2H-Au and 2H-Cu domains in Au-Cu JNSs diversifies the CO* adsorption configurations and promotes the CO* spillover and subsequent C-C coupling toward ethylene generation with reduced energy barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangbo Ma
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Mingzi Sun
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jia Lv
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Fengkun Hao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wenting Cui
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinwen Yin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Haiyu Wen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Pengyi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guozhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jinli Yu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Chenliang Ye
- Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - Lin Gan
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Daliang Zhang
- Multi-scale Porous Materials Center, Institute of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies & School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Shengqi Chu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Gu
- Beijing National Center for Electron Microscopy and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Energy Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Bolong Huang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhanxi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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22
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Han SM, Park M, Kim J, Lee D. Boosting the Electroreduction of CO 2 to CO by Ligand Engineering of Gold Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404387. [PMID: 38757232 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has been widely studied as a promising means to convert anthropogenic CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. In this process, the alkali metal ions present in the electrolyte are known to significantly influence the CO2RR activity and selectivity. In this study, we report a strategy for preparing efficient electrocatalysts by introducing a cation-relaying ligand, namely 6-mercaptohexanoic acid (MHA), into atom-precise Au25 nanoclusters (NCs). The CO2RR activity of the synthesized Au25(MHA)18 NCs was compared with that of Au25(HT)18 NCs (HT=1-hexanethiolate). While both NCs selectively produced CO over H2, the CO2-to-CO conversion activity of the Au25(MHA)18 NCs was significantly higher than that of the Au25(HT)18 NCs when the catholyte pH was higher than the pKa of MHA, demonstrating the cation-relaying effect of the anionic terminal group. Mechanistic investigations into the CO2RR occurring on the Au25 NCs in the presence of different catholyte cations and concentrations revealed that the CO2-to-CO conversion activities of these Au25 NCs increased in the order Li+
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Myeong Han
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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23
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Yang Y, He F, Lv X, Liu Q, Wu A, Qi Z, Wu HB. Tackling CO 2 Loss in Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction by Advanced Material and Electrolyzer Design. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400786. [PMID: 39075827 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECO2R) has been considered as a promising approach to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals and fuels. CO2 loss in conventional alkaline electrolyzers has been recognized as a major obstacle that compromising the efficiency of the ECO2R system. This review firstly conducts an in-depth assessment of the origin and influence of CO2 loss. On this basis, this work summarizes electrolyzer configurations based on novel material and structure design that are capable of tackling CO2 loss, including acidic electrolyzer, bipolar membrane (BPM) derived electrolyzer, cascade electrolyzer, liquid-phase-anode electrolyzer, and liquid-fed electrolyzer. The design strategies and challenges of these carbon efficient electrolyzers have been deliberated in detail. By comparing and analyzing the advantages and limitations of various electrolyzer designs, this work aims to provide some guidelines for the development of efficient ECO2R technology toward large-scale industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fan He
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Xiangzhou Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qian Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Angjian Wu
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhifu Qi
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Hao Bin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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24
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Wan CP, Guo H, Si DH, Gao SY, Cao R, Huang YB. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide in Acidic Electrolyte with Superior Performance of a Metal-Covalent Organic Framework over Metal-Organic Framework. JACS AU 2024; 4:2514-2522. [PMID: 39055143 PMCID: PMC11267553 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) to generate valuable chemicals in acidic electrolytes can improve the carbon utilization rate in comparison to that under alkaline conditions. However, the thermodynamically more favorable hydrogen evolution reaction under an acidic electrolyte makes the CO2RR a big challenge. Herein, robust metal phthalocyanine(Pc)-based (M = Ni, Co) conductive metal-covalent organic frameworks (MCOFs) connected by strong metal tetraaza[14]annulene (TAA) linkage, named NiPc-NiTAA and NiPc-CoTAA, are designed and synthesized to apply in the CO2RR in acidic electrolytes for the first time. The optimal NiPc-NiTAA exhibited an excellent Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 95.1% and a CO partial current density of 143.0 mA cm-2 at -1.5 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode in an acidic electrolyte, which is 3.1 times that of the corresponding metal-organic framework NiPc-NiN4. The comparison tests and theoretical calculations reveal that in-plane full π-d conjugation MCOF with a good conductivity of 3.01 × 10-4 S m-1 accelerates migration of the electrons. The NiTAA linkage can tune the electron distribution in the d orbit of metal centers, making the d-band center close to the Fermi level and then activating CO2. Thus, the active sites of NiPc and NiTAA collaborate to reduce the *COOH formation energy barrier, favoring CO production in an acid electrolyte. It is a helpful route for designing outstanding conductive MCOF materials to enhance CO2 electrocatalysis under an acidic electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Pu Wan
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences. Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences. Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Duan-Hui Si
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences. Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Shui-Ying Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences. Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
| | - Rong Cao
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences. Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian
Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic
Information of China Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Biao Huang
- State
Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese
Academy of Sciences. Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, P. R. China
- Fujian
Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic
Information of China Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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25
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Song D, Zhang S, Zhou M, Wang M, Zhu R, Ning H, Wu M. Advances in the Stability of Catalysts for Electroreduction of CO 2 to Formic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301719. [PMID: 38411399 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The electroreduction of CO2 to high-value products is a promising approach for achieving carbon neutrality. Among these products, formic acid stands out as having the most potential for industrialization due to its optimal economic value in terms of consumption and output. In recent years, the Faraday efficiency of formic acid from CO2 electroreduction has reached 90~100 %. However, this high selectivity cannot be maintained for extended periods under high currents to meet industrial requirements. This paper reviews excellent work from the perspective of catalyst stability, summarizing and discussing the performance of typical catalysts. Strategies for preparing stable and highly active catalysts are also briefly described. This review may offer a useful data reference and valuable guidance for the future design of long-stability catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Minjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Mingwang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Hui Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
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26
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Li S, Dong X, Wu G, Song Y, Mao J, Chen A, Zhu C, Li G, Wei Y, Liu X, Wang J, Chen W, Wei W. Ampere-level CO 2 electroreduction with single-pass conversion exceeding 85% in acid over silver penetration electrodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6101. [PMID: 39030184 PMCID: PMC11271590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50521-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of valuable chemicals from CO2 electroreduction in acidic media is highly desirable to overcome carbonation. However, suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction in such proton-rich environments remains a considerable challenge. The current study demonstrates the use of a hollow fiber silver penetration electrode with hierarchical micro/nanostructures to enable CO2 reduction to CO in strong acids via balanced coordination of CO2 and K+/H+ supplies. Correspondingly, a CO faradaic efficiency of 95% is achieved at a partial current density as high as 4.3 A/cm2 in a pH = 1 solution of H2SO4 and KCl, sustaining 200 h of continuous electrolysis at a current density of 2 A/cm2 with over 85% single-pass conversion of CO2. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations suggest that the controllable CO2 feeding induced by the hollow fiber penetration configuration primarily coordinate the CO2/H+ balance on Ag active sites in strong acids, favoring CO2 activation and key intermediate *COOH formation, resulting in enhanced CO formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujie Li
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangfeng Wu
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfang Song
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianing Mao
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Aohui Chen
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang Zhu
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiheng Wei
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohu Liu
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangjiang Wang
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Jiao Z, Song D, Wei L, Ma M, Hua W, Zheng Z, Wang M, Su Y, Ke X, Lyu F, Deng Z, Zhong J, Peng Y. Robust Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction in Acid Enabled by "Molecularly Charged" Cobalt Phthalocyanine: A Profound Understanding from Electric Double Layer. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7342-7350. [PMID: 38989694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (eCO2R) in acid holds promise in renewable electricity-powered CO2 utilization with high efficiency, but the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) often prevails and results in a low eCO2R selectivity. Here, using cobalt phthalocyanine/Ketjen black (CoPc/KB) as the model catalysts, we systematically study the effect of active site density, operational current density, and hydrated cations on the acidic eCO2R selectivity and decipher it through the componential dynamics of electric double layer (EDL). The optimal CoPc-4/KB demonstrates a near-unity CO Faradaic efficiency from 50 to 400 mA cm-2 and superb operational stability (>120 h) at 100 mA cm-2. Aided by in situ Raman and infrared spectroscopies, we reveal that the proper cations establish an electrostatic shield for mitigating bulk H+ penetration and mediate the interfacial water structure for suppressing HER. This study should elicit further profound thinking on robust eCO2R system design from the perspective of multiphasic and dynamic EDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Jiao
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Daqi Song
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Le Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Mutian Ma
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hua
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhangyi Zheng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Yanhui Su
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Ke
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
| | - Fenglei Lyu
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Deng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yang Peng
- Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovations, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
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28
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Chen L, Yu C, Dong J, Han Y, Huang H, Li W, Zhang Y, Tan X, Qiu J. Seawater electrolysis for fuels and chemicals production: fundamentals, achievements, and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:7455-7488. [PMID: 38855878 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00822c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Seawater electrolysis for the production of fuels and chemicals involved in onshore and offshore plants powered by renewable energies offers a promising avenue and unique advantages for energy and environmental sustainability. Nevertheless, seawater electrolysis presents long-term challenges and issues, such as complex composition, potential side reactions, deposition of and poisoning by microorganisms and metal ions, as well as corrosion, thus hindering the rapid development of seawater electrolysis technology. This review focuses on the production of value-added fuels (hydrogen and beyond) and fine chemicals through seawater electrolysis, as a promising step towards sustainable energy development and carbon neutrality. The principle of seawater electrolysis and related challenges are first introduced, and the redox reaction mechanisms of fuels and chemicals are summarized. Strategies for operating anodes and cathodes including the development and application of chloride- and impurity-resistant electrocatalysts/membranes are reviewed. We comprehensively summarize the production of fuels and chemicals (hydrogen, carbon monoxide, sulfur, ammonia, etc.) at the cathode and anode via seawater electrolysis, and propose other potential strategies for co-producing fine chemicals, even sophisticated and electronic chemicals. Seawater electrolysis can drive the oxidation and upgrading of industrial pollutants or natural organics into value-added chemicals or degrade them into harmless substances, which would be meaningful for environmental protection. Finally, the perspective and prospects are outlined to address the challenges and expand the application of seawater electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Chang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junting Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yingnan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Hongling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Wenbin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xinyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Jieshan Qiu
- State Key Lab of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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29
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Han Y, Fan G, Guo Y, Guo S, Ding J, Han C, Gao Y, Zhang J, Gu X, Wu L. Plasma-Driven Efficient Conversion of CO 2 and H 2O into Pure Syngas with Controllable Wide H 2/CO Ratios over Metal-Organic Frameworks Featuring In Situ Evolved Ligand Defects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406007. [PMID: 38687057 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
While the mild production of syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO) from CO2 and H2O is a promising alternative to the coal-based chemical engineering technologies, the inert nature of CO2 molecules, unfavorable splitting pathways of H2O and unsatisfactory catalysts lead to the challenge in the difficult integration of high CO2 conversion efficiency with produced syngas with controllable H2/CO ratios in a wide range. Herein, we report an efficient plasma-driven catalytic system for mild production of pure syngas over porous metal-organic framework (MOF) catalysts with rich confined H2O molecules, where their syngas production capacity is regulated by the in situ evolved ligand defects and the plasma-activated intermediate species of CO2 molecules. Specially, the Cu-based catalyst system achieves 61.9 % of CO2 conversion and the production of pure syngas with wide H2/CO ratios of 0.05 : 1-4.3 : 1. As revealed by the experimental and theoretical calculation results, the in situ dynamic structure evolution of Cu-containing MOF catalysts favors the generation of coordinatively unsaturated metal active sites with optimized geometric and electronic characteristics, the adsorption of reactants, and the reduced energy barriers of syngas-production potential-determining steps of the hydrogenation of CO2 to *COOH and the protonation of H2O to *H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Guilan Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Shoujun Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Junfang Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Chenhui Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Limin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Department of Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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30
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Shen Z, Chen G, Cheng X, Xu F, Huang H, Wang X, Yang L, Wu Q, Hu Z. Self-enhanced localized alkalinity at the encapsulated Cu catalyst for superb electrocatalytic nitrate/nitrite reduction to NH 3 in neutral electrolyte. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm9325. [PMID: 38985876 PMCID: PMC11235175 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic nitrate/nitrite reduction reaction (eNOx-RR) to ammonia (NH3) is thermodynamically more favorable than the eye-catching nitrogen (N2) electroreduction. To date, the high eNOx-RR-to-NH3 activity is limited to strong alkaline electrolytes but cannot be achieved in economic and sustainable neutral/near-neutral electrolytes. Here, we construct a copper (Cu) catalyst encapsulated inside the hydrophilic hierarchical nitrogen-doped carbon nanocages (Cu@hNCNC). During eNOx-RR, the hNCNC shell hinders the diffusion of generated OH- ions outward, thus creating a self-enhanced local high pH environment around the inside Cu nanoparticles. Consequently, the Cu@hNCNC catalyst exhibits an excellent eNOx-RR-to-NH3 activity in the neutral electrolyte, equivalent to the Cu catalyst immobilized on the outer surface of hNCNC (Cu/hNCNC) in strong alkaline electrolyte, with much better stability for the former. The optimal NH3 yield rate reaches 4.0 moles per hour per gram with a high Faradaic efficiency of 99.7%. The strong-alkalinity-free advantage facilitates the practicability of Cu@hNCNC catalyst as demonstrated in a coupled plasma-driven N2 oxidization with eNOx-RR-to-NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guanghai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xueyi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Fengfei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xizhang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE and Jiangsu Provincial Laboratory for Nanotechnology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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31
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Han S, Ryu JH, Lee WB, Ryu J, Yoon J. Translating the Optimized Durability of Co-Based Anode Catalyst into Sustainable Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311052. [PMID: 38282379 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Development of robust electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) underpins the efficient production of green hydrogen via anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE). This study elucidates the factors contributing to the degradation of cobalt-based (Co-based) OER catalysts synthesized via electrodeposition, thus establishing strategic approaches to enhance their longevity. Systematic variations in the electroplating process and subsequent heat treatment reveal a delicate balance between catalytic activity and durability, substantiated by comprehensive electrochemical assessments and material analyses. Building upon these findings, the Co-based anode is successfully optimized in the AEMWE single-cell configuration, showcasing an average degradation rate of 0.07 mV h-1 over a continuous operation for 1500 h at a current density of 1 A cm-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghwi Han
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Ryu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Bo Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyune Ryu
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyong Yoon
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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32
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Chu N, Jiang Y, Zeng RJ, Li D, Liang P. Solid Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Carbon Dioxide Valorization: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10881-10896. [PMID: 38861036 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
One of the most promising approaches to address the global challenge of climate change is electrochemical carbon capture and utilization. Solid electrolytes can play a crucial role in establishing a chemical-free pathway for the electrochemical capture of CO2. Furthermore, they can be applied in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) to increase carbon utilization, produce high-purity liquid chemicals, and advance hybrid electro-biosystems. This review article begins by covering the fundamentals and processes of electrochemical CO2 capture, emphasizing the advantages of utilizing solid electrolytes. Additionally, it highlights recent advancements in the use of the solid polymer electrolyte or solid electrolyte layer for the CO2RR with multiple functions. The review also explores avenues for future research to fully harness the potential of solid electrolytes, including the integration of CO2 capture and the CO2RR and performance assessment under realistic conditions. Finally, this review discusses future opportunities and challenges, aiming to contribute to the establishment of a green and sustainable society through electrochemical CO2 valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Chu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Raymond Jianxiong Zeng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Daping Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Peng Liang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
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33
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Zeng M, Fang W, Cen Y, Zhang X, Hu Y, Xia BY. Reaction Environment Regulation for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction in Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404574. [PMID: 38638104 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a sustainable route for converting CO2 into value-added fuels and feedstocks, advancing a carbon-neutral economy. The electrolyte critically influences CO2 utilization, reaction rate and product selectivity. While typically conducted in neutral/alkaline aqueous electrolytes, the CO2RR faces challenges due to (bi)carbonate formation and its crossover to the anolyte, reducing efficiency and stability. Acidic media offer promise by suppressing these processes, but the low Faradaic efficiency, especially for multicarbon (C2+) products, and poor electrocatalyst stability persist. The effective regulation of the reaction environment at the cathode is essential to favor the CO2RR over the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and improve long-term stability. This review examines progress in the acidic CO2RR, focusing on reaction environment regulation strategies such as electrocatalyst design, electrode modification and electrolyte engineering to promote the CO2RR. Insights into the reaction mechanisms via in situ/operando techniques and theoretical calculations are discussed, along with critical challenges and future directions in acidic CO2RR technology, offering guidance for developing practical systems for the carbon-neutral community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zeng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wensheng Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiren Cen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yongming Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nanoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Hubei University, 368 Youyi Road, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), 1037 Luoyu Rd, Wuhan, 430074, China
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34
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Kato S, Ito S, Nakahata S, Kurihara R, Harada T, Nakanishi S, Kamiya K. Quantitative Analysis and Manipulation of Alkali Metal Cations at the Cathode Surface in Membrane Electrode Assembly Electrolyzers for CO 2 Reduction Reactions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401013. [PMID: 38899491 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The stable operation of the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in membrane electrode assembly (MEA) electrolyzers is known to be hindered by the accumulation of bicarbonate salt, which are derived from alkali metal cations in anolytes, on the cathode side. In this study, we conducted a quantitative evaluation of the correlation between the CO2RR activity and the transported alkali metal cations in MEA electrolyzers. As a result, although the presence of transported alkali metal cations on the cathode surface significantly contributes to the generation of C2+ compounds, the rate of K+ ion transport did not match the selectivity of C2+, suggesting that a continuous supply of high amount of K+ to the cathode surface is not required for C2+ formation. Based on these findings, we achieved a faradaic efficiency (FE) and a partial current density for C2+ of 77 % and 230 mA cm-2, respectively, even after switching the anode solution from 0.1 M KHCO3 to a dilute K+ solution (<7 mM). These values were almost identical to those when 0.1 M KHCO3 was continuously supplied. Based on this insight, we successfully improved the durability of the system against salt precipitation by intermittently supplying concentrated KHCO3, compared with the continuous supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Kato
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shotaro Ito
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shoko Nakahata
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Ryo Kurihara
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Harada
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Kamiya
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Jia C, Sun Q, Liu R, Mao G, Maschmeyer T, Gooding JJ, Zhang T, Dai L, Zhao C. Challenges and Opportunities for Single-Atom Electrocatalysts: From Lab-Scale Research to Potential Industry-Level Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404659. [PMID: 38870958 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Single-atom electrocatalysts (SACs) are a class of promising materials for driving electrochemical energy conversion reactions due to their intrinsic advantages, including maximum metal utilization, well-defined active structures, and strong interface effects. However, SACs have not reached full commercialization for broad industrial applications. This review summarizes recent research achievements in the design of SACs for crucial electrocatalytic reactions on their active sites, coordination, and substrates, as well as the synthesis methods. The key challenges facing SACs in activity, selectivity, stability, and scalability, are highlighted. Furthermore, it is pointed out the new strategies to address these challenges including increasing intrinsic activity of metal sites, enhancing the utilization of metal sites, improving the stability, optimizing the local environment, developing new fabrication techniques, leveraging insights from theoretical studies, and expanding potential applications. Finally, the views are offered on the future direction of single-atom electrocatalysis toward commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jia
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Qian Sun
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Ruirui Liu
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Guangzhao Mao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Liming Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Chuan Zhao
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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36
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Liu S, Li Y, Wang D, Xi S, Xu H, Wang Y, Li X, Zang W, Liu W, Su M, Yan K, Nielander AC, Wong AB, Lu J, Jaramillo TF, Wang L, Canepa P, He Q. Alkali cation-induced cathodic corrosion in Cu electrocatalysts. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5080. [PMID: 38871724 PMCID: PMC11176167 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49492-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The reconstruction of Cu catalysts during electrochemical reduction of CO2 is a widely known but poorly understood phenomenon. Herein, we examine the structural evolution of Cu nanocubes under CO2 reduction reaction and its relevant reaction conditions using identical location transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, in situ X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. Our results suggest that Cu catalysts reconstruct via a hitherto unexplored yet critical pathway - alkali cation-induced cathodic corrosion, when the electrode potential is more negative than an onset value (e.g., -0.4 VRHE when using 0.1 M KHCO3). Having alkali cations in the electrolyte is critical for such a process. Consequently, Cu catalysts will inevitably undergo surface reconstructions during a typical process of CO2 reduction reaction, resulting in dynamic catalyst morphologies. While having these reconstructions does not necessarily preclude stable electrocatalytic reactions, they will indeed prohibit long-term selectivity and activity enhancement by controlling the morphology of Cu pre-catalysts. Alternatively, by operating Cu catalysts at less negative potentials in the CO electrochemical reduction, we show that Cu nanocubes can provide a much more stable selectivity advantage over spherical Cu nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Liu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Yuheng Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, E5 #02-29, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment (ISCE2), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore.
| | - Haoming Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Wenjie Zang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Weidong Liu
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Mengyao Su
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Katherine Yan
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Adam C Nielander
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Andrew B Wong
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, E5 #02-29, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, E8, 1 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117580, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, E8, 1 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117580, Singapore
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, E5 #02-29, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, E8, 1 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117580, Singapore.
| | - Pieremanuele Canepa
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, E5 #02-29, Singapore, 117585, Singapore.
| | - Qian He
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, EA #03-09, Singapore, 117575, Singapore.
- Centre for Hydrogen Innovations, National University of Singapore, E8, 1 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117580, Singapore.
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37
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Wang M, Wang Z, Huang Z, Fang M, Zhu Y, Jiang L. Hydrophobic SiO 2 Armor: Stabilizing Cu δ+ to Enhance CO 2 Electroreduction toward C 2+ Products in Strong Acidic Environments. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15303-15311. [PMID: 38803281 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Electroreduction of CO2 in highly acidic environments holds promise for enhancing CO2 utilization efficiency. Due to the HER interference and structural instability, however, challenges in improving the selectivity and stability toward multicarbon (C2+) products remain. In this study, we proposed an "armor protection" strategy involving the deposition of ultrathin, hydrophobic SiO2 onto the Cu surface (Cu/SiO2) through a simple one-step hydrolysis. Our results confirmed the effective inhibition of HER by a hydrophobic SiO2 layer, leading to a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of up to 76.9% for C2+ products at a current density of 900 mA cm-2 under a strongly acidic condition with a pH of 1. The observed high performance surpassed the reported performance for most previously studied Cu-based catalysts in acidic CO2RR systems. Furthermore, the ultrathin hydrophobic SiO2 shell was demonstrated to effectively prevent the structural reconstruction of Cu and preserve the oxidation state of Cuδ+ active sites during CO2RR. Additionally, it hindered the accumulation of K+ ions on the catalyst surface and diffusion of in situ generated OH- ions away from the electrode, thereby favoring C2+ product generation. In situ Raman analyses coupled with DFT simulations further elucidated that the SiO2 shell proficiently modulated *CO adsorption behavior on the Cu/SiO2 catalyst by reducing *CO adsorption energy, facilitating the C-C coupling. This work offers a compelling strategy for rationally designing and exploiting highly stable and active Cu-based catalysts for CO2RR in highly acidic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingwei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interface Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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38
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Feng J, Wu L, Song X, Zhang L, Jia S, Ma X, Tan X, Kang X, Zhu Q, Sun X, Han B. CO 2 electrolysis to multi-carbon products in strong acid at ampere-current levels on La-Cu spheres with channels. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4821. [PMID: 38844773 PMCID: PMC11156665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving satisfactory multi-carbon (C2+) products selectivity and current density under acidic condition is a key issue for practical application of electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), but is challenging. Herein, we demonstrate that combining microenvironment modulation by porous channel structure and intrinsic catalytic activity enhancement via doping effect could promote efficient CO2RR toward C2+ products in acidic electrolyte (pH ≤ 1). The La-doped Cu hollow sphere with channels exhibits a C2+ products Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 86.2% with a partial current density of -775.8 mA cm-2. CO2 single-pass conversion efficiency for C2+ products can reach 52.8% at -900 mA cm-2. Moreover, the catalyst still maintains a high C2+ FE of 81.3% at -1 A cm-2. The channel structure plays a crucial role in accumulating K+ and OH- species near the catalyst surface and within the channels, which effectively suppresses the undesired hydrogen evolution and promotes C-C coupling. Additionally, the La doping enhances the generation of *CO intermediate, and also facilitates C2+ products formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- College of Chemical Engineering and Environment, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Limin Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinning Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Libing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shunhan Jia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingxing Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinchen Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinggong Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofu Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Buxing Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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39
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Ramadhany P, Luong Q, Zhang Z, Leverett J, Samorì P, Corrie S, Lovell E, Canbulat I, Daiyan R. State of Play of Critical Mineral-Based Catalysts for Electrochemical E-Refinery to Synthetic Fuels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405029. [PMID: 38838055 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The pursuit of decarbonization involves leveraging waste CO2 for the production of valuable fuels and chemicals (e.g., ethanol, ethylene, and urea) through the electrochemical CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR). The efficacy of this process heavily depends on electrocatalyst performance, which is generally reliant on high loading of critical minerals. However, the supply of these minerals is susceptible to shortage and disruption, prompting concerns regarding their usage, particularly in electrocatalysis, requiring swift innovations to mitigate the supply risks. The reliance on critical minerals in catalyst fabrication can be reduced by implementing design strategies that improve the available active sites, thereby increasing the mass activity. This review seeks to discuss and analyze potential strategies, challenges, and opportunities for improving catalyst activity in CO2RR with a special attention to addressing the risks associated with critical mineral scarcity. By shedding light onto these aspects of critical mineral-based catalyst systems, this review aims to inspire the development of high-performance catalysts and facilitates the practical application of CO2RR technology, whilst mitigating adverse economic, environmental, and community impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Ramadhany
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Quang Luong
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ziling Zhang
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Josh Leverett
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Simon Corrie
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Emma Lovell
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Ismet Canbulat
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rahman Daiyan
- School of Minerals and Energy Resources Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Carbon Science and Innovation, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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40
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Liu Y, Song Y, Huang L, Su J, Li G, Zhang Q, Xin Y, Cao X, Guo W, Dou Y, He M, Feng T, Jin Z, Ye R. Constructing Ionic Interfaces for Stable Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14020-14028. [PMID: 38764286 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) has emerged as a promising approach for sustainable carbon cycling and valuable chemical production. Various methods and strategies have been explored to boost CO2RR performance. One of the most promising strategies includes the construction of stable ionic interfaces on metallic or molecular catalysts using organic or inorganic cations, which has demonstrated a significant improvement in catalytic performance. The stable ionic interface is instrumental in adjusting adsorption behavior, influencing reactive intermediates, facilitating mass transportation, and suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction, particularly under acidic conditions. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the recent advancements in building ionic interfaces in the electrocatalytic process and discuss the application of this strategy to improve the CO2RR performance of metallic and molecular catalysts. We aim to convey the future trends and opportunities in creating ionic interfaces to further enhance carbon utilization efficiency and the productivity of CO2RR products. The emphasis of this Perspective lies in the pivotal role of ionic interfaces in catalysis, providing a valuable reference for future research in this critical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yun Song
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Libei Huang
- Division of Science, Engineering and Health Study, School of Professional Education and Executive Development, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (PolyU SPEED), Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Su
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Geng Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yinger Xin
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Dou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingming He
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Tanglue Feng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, MOE Key Laboratory of High Performance Polymer Materials and Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Tianchang New Materials and Energy Technology Research Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruquan Ye
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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41
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Ma M, Seger B. Rational Design of Local Reaction Environment for Electrocatalytic Conversion of CO 2 into Multicarbon Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401185. [PMID: 38576259 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 into multi-carbon (C2+) products provides an attractive route for storing intermittent renewable electricity as fuels and feedstocks with high energy densities. Although substantial progress has been made in selective electrosynthesis of C2+ products via engineering the catalyst, rational design of the local reaction environment in the vicinity of catalyst surface also acts as an effective approach for further enhancing the performance. Here, we discuss recent advances and pertinent challenges in the modulation of local reaction environment, encompassing local pH, the choice of the species and concentrations of cations and anions as well as local reactant/intermediate concentrations, for achieving high C2+ selectivity. In addition, mechanistic understanding in the effects of the local reaction environment is also discussed. Particularly, the important progress extracted from in situ and operando spectroscopy techniques provides insights into how local reaction environment affects C-C coupling and key intermediates formation that lead to reaction pathways toward a desired C2+ product. The possible future direction in understanding and engineering the local reaction environment is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ma
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Brian Seger
- Surface Physics and Catalysis (Surfcat) Section, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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42
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Lu X, Zhou C, Delima RS, Lees EW, Soni A, Dvorak DJ, Ren S, Ji T, Bahi A, Ko F, Berlinguette CP. Visualization of CO 2 electrolysis using optical coherence tomography. Nat Chem 2024; 16:979-987. [PMID: 38429344 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrolysers offer an appealing technology for conversion of CO2 into high-value chemicals. However, there are few tools available to track the reactions that occur within electrolysers. Here we report an electrolysis optical coherence tomography platform to visualize the chemical reactions occurring in a CO2 electrolyser. This platform was designed to capture three-dimensional images and videos at high spatial and temporal resolutions. We recorded 12 h of footage of an electrolyser containing a porous electrode separated by a membrane, converting a continuous feed of liquid KHCO3 to reduce CO2 into CO at applied current densities of 50-800 mA cm-2. This platform visualized reactants, intermediates and products, and captured the strikingly dynamic movement of the cathode and membrane components during electrolysis. It also linked CO production to regions of the electrolyser in which CO2 was in direct contact with both membrane and catalyst layers. These results highlight how this platform can be used to track reactions in continuous flow electrochemical reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chris Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roxanna S Delima
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eric W Lees
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Abhishek Soni
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Dvorak
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shaoxuan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tengxiao Ji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Addie Bahi
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frank Ko
- Department of Materials Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Curtis P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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43
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Fu Z, Ouyang Y, Wu M, Ling C, Wang J. Mechanism of surface oxygen-containing species promoted electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1410-1417. [PMID: 38480022 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen-containing species have been demonstrated to play a key role in facilitating electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2RR), particularly in enhancing the selectivity towards multi-carbon (C2+) products. However, the underlying promotion mechanism is still under debate, which greatly limits the rational optimization of the catalytic performance of CO2RR. Herein, taking CO2 and O2 co-electrolysis over Cu as the prototype, we successfully clarified how O2 boosts CO2RR from a new perspective by employing comprehensive theoretical simulations. Our results demonstrated that O2 in feed gas can be rapidly reduced into *OH, leading to the partial oxidation of Cu surface under reduction conditions. Surface *OH accelerates the formation of quasi-specifically adsorbed K+ due to the electrostatic interaction between *OH and K+ ions, which significantly increases the concentration of K+ near the Cu surface. These quasi-specifically adsorbed K+ ions can not only lower the C-C coupling barriers but also promote the hydrogenation of CO2 to improve the CO yield rate, which are responsible for the remarkably enhanced efficiency of C2+ products. During the whole process, O2 co-electrolysis plays an indispensable role in stabilizing surface *OH. This mechanism can be also adopted to understand the effect of high pH of electrolyte and residual O in oxide-derived Cu (OD-Cu) on the catalytic efficiency towards C2+ products. Therefore, our work provides new insights into strategies for improving C2+ products on the Cu-based catalysts, i.e., maintaining partial oxidation of surface under reduction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China
| | - Yixin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China
| | - Mingliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China
| | - Chongyi Ling
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China.
| | - Jinlan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing 21189, China.
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44
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He F, Chen X, Xue Y, Li Y. Theoretical Prediction Leads to Synthesize GDY Supported InO x Quantum Dots for CO 2 Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318080. [PMID: 38548702 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of formic acid by direct reduction of carbon dioxide is an important basis for the future chemical industry and is of great significance. Due to the serious shortage of highly active and selective electrocatalysts leading to the development of direct reduction of carbon dioxide is limited. Herein the target catalysts with high CO2RR activity and selectivity were identified by integrating DFT calculations and high-throughput screening and by using graphdiyne (GDY) supported metal oxides quantum dots (QDs) as the ideal model. It is theoretically predicted that GDY supported indium oxide QDs (i.e., InOx/GDY) is a new heterostructure electrocatalyst candidate with optimal CO2RR performance. The interfacial electronic strong interactions effectively regulate the surface charge distribution of QDs and affect the adsorption/desorption behavior of HCOO* intermediate during CO2RR to achieve highly efficient CO2 conversion. Based on the predicted composition and structure, we synthesized the advanced catalytic system, and demonstrates superior CO2-to-HCOOH conversion performance. The study presents an effective strategy for rational design of highly efficient heterostructure electrocatalysts to promote green chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yurui Xue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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45
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Heßelmann M, Lee JK, Chae S, Tricker A, Keller RG, Wessling M, Su J, Kushner D, Weber AZ, Peng X. Pure-Water-Fed Forward-Bias Bipolar Membrane CO 2 Electrolyzer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:24649-24659. [PMID: 38711294 PMCID: PMC11103649 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Coupling renewable electricity to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) electrochemically into carbon feedstocks offers a promising pathway to produce chemical fuels sustainably. While there has been success in developing materials and theory for CO2 reduction, the widespread deployment of CO2 electrolyzers has been hindered by challenges in the reactor design and operational stability due to CO2 crossover and (bi)carbonate salt precipitation. Herein, we design asymmetrical bipolar membranes assembled into a zero-gap CO2 electrolyzer fed with pure water, solving both challenges. By investigating and optimizing the anion-exchange-layer thickness, cathode differential pressure, and cell temperature, the forward-bias bipolar membrane CO2 electrolyzer achieves a CO faradic efficiency over 80% with a partial current density over 200 mA cm-2 at less than 3.0 V with negligible CO2 crossover. In addition, this electrolyzer achieves 0.61 and 2.1 mV h-1 decay rates at 150 and 300 mA cm-2 for 200 and 100 h, respectively. Postmortem analysis indicates that the deterioration of catalyst/polymer-electrolyte interfaces resulted from catalyst structural change, and ionomer degradation at reductive potential shows the decay mechanism. All these results point to the future research direction and show a promising pathway to deploy CO2 electrolyzers at scale for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Heßelmann
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jason Keonhag Lee
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sudong Chae
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew Tricker
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Robert Gregor Keller
- Chemical
Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- Chemical
Process Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI
Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ji Su
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Douglas Kushner
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Z. Weber
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiong Peng
- Energy
Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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46
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Tang B, Fang Y, Zhu S, Bai Q, Li X, Wei L, Li Z, Zhu C. Tuning hydrogen bond network connectivity in the electric double layer with cations. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7111-7120. [PMID: 38756806 PMCID: PMC11095383 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06904d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bond (H-bond) network connectivity in electric double layers (EDLs) is of paramount importance for interfacial HER/HOR electrocatalytic processes. However, it remains unclear whether the cation-specific effect on H-bond network connectivity in EDLs exists. Herein, we report simulation evidence from ab initio molecular dynamics that cations at Pt(111)/water interfaces can tune the structure and the connectivity of H-bond networks in EDLs. As the surface charge density σ becomes more negative, we show that the connectivity of the H-bond networks in EDLs of the Na+ and Ca2+ systems decreases markedly; in stark contrast, the connectivity of the H-bond networks in EDLs of the Mg2+ system increases slightly. Further analysis revealed that the interplay between the hydration of cations and the interfacial water structure plays a key role in the connectivity of H-bond networks in EDLs. These findings highlight the key roles of cations in EDLs and electrocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Yeguang Fang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiaojiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Laiyang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 P. R. China
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China
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47
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Wu W, Xu L, Lu Q, Sun J, Xu Z, Song C, Yu JC, Wang Y. Addressing the Carbonate Issue: Electrocatalysts for Acidic CO 2 Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312894. [PMID: 38722084 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) powered by renewable energy provides a promising route to CO2 conversion and utilization. However, the widely used neutral/alkaline electrolyte consumes a large amount of CO2 to produce (bi)carbonate byproducts, leading to significant challenges at the device level, thereby impeding the further deployment of this reaction. Conducting CO2RR in acidic electrolytes offers a promising solution to address the "carbonate issue"; however, it presents inherent difficulties due to the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, necessitating concerted efforts toward advanced catalyst and electrode designs to achieve high selectivity and activity. This review encompasses recent developments of acidic CO2RR, from mechanism elucidation to catalyst design and device engineering. This review begins by discussing the mechanistic understanding of the reaction pathway, laying the foundation for catalyst design in acidic CO2RR. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in acidic CO2RR catalysts is provided, highlighting heterogeneous catalysts, surface immobilized molecular catalysts, and catalyst surface enhancement. Furthermore, the progress made in device-level applications is summarized, aiming to develop high-performance acidic CO2RR systems. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions in the design of acidic CO2RR catalysts are outlined, emphasizing the need for improved selectivity, activity, stability, and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Liangpang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Jiping Sun
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Zhanyou Xu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Chunshan Song
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Jimmy C Yu
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S. A. R., China
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48
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Chuai H, Yang H, Zhang S. Boosting Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to CO by Regulating the Porous Structure of Carbon Membrane. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38709644 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Ni single-atom-decorated nitrogen-doped carbon materials (Ni-Nx-C) have demonstrated high efficiency in the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) to CO. In this study, Ni-Nx-C active sites were embedded within a carbon membrane via an electrospinning and pyrolysis process. The resulting self-supported carbon membrane hosting Ni-Nx-C sites could be directly utilized as an electrode for the CO2RR. To enhance the CO2RR performance of the carbon membrane, the porous structure of the carbon membrane was fine-tuned by incorporating a pore-forming agent. The optimized porous carbon membrane electrode, K0.66-Ni-NC, achieved an impressive CO faradaic efficiency (FECO) of over 90% within a wide potential range from -0.8 to -1.6 V vs RHE for CO2RR. Additionally, it maintained an FECO of above 90% at -0.8 V vs RHE throughout a 30 h durability test in an H-cell. Further analysis has revealed that the porous structure of the carbon membrane not only facilitates the mass transport of CO2 but also increases the level of exposure of active sites during the CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Chuai
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haibei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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49
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Yao Z, Lin R. Overcoming Low C 2+ Yield in Acidic CO 2 Electroreduction: Modulating Local Hydrophobicity for Enhanced Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306686. [PMID: 38072807 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Operating electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) in acidic media has garnered considerable attention due to its sustainable electrolyte cycling and stable performance. Nevertheless, the severe parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and decayed multi-carbon species (C2+) yield still hampers efficient CO2RR in acid. Here, this work investigates the influence of local hydrophobicity on the acidic CO2RR. By employing direct electrodeposition, the hydrophobicity of the catalyst layer can be finely tuned over a wide range without additive. It is revealed that the hydrophobic microenvironment significantly suppressed HER, improved CO2RR performance and boosted C2+ yield. A Faradaic efficiency (FE) of ≈74% for C2+ is achieved in pH = 2 on electrodeposited copper with a highly hydrophobic environment. Moreover, this phenomenon can be extended to industrial application. An ≈81% total FE for the CO2RR, along with a ≈62% FE for C2+ species, is achieved even with commercial copper. Remarkably, the system exhibited stable operation for a continuous period exceeding 50 h at an industrially applied current density of 300 mA cm-2. This work highlights the crucial role of interface hydrophobicity in acidic CO2RR and proposes a facile and universally applicable method for achieving efficient and stable CO2RR to high-value products in acidic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yao
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
| | - Rui Lin
- School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
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50
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Zhou R, Wu D, Ma J, Ruan L, Feng Y, Ban C, Zhou K, Cai S, Gan LY, Zhou X. Boosting CO 2 piezo-reduction via metal-support interactions in Au/ZnO based catalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 661:512-519. [PMID: 38308891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Confronting the challenge of climate change necessitates innovative approaches for the reduction of CO2 emissions. Metal-support interaction has been widely demonstrated to enable greatly improved performances in thermal-catalytic, photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction. However, its applicability and specifically its role in the emerging piezo-electrocatalytic CO2 reduction are unknown, severely hampering the utilizations of piezo-electrocatalysis in CO2 conversion. Herein, by adopting Au particles supported on ZnO (Au/ZnO) as a paradigm, it is found that the metal-support interaction can remarkably improve the separation and transfer of piezo-carriers and enhance CO2 adsorption. As a result, Au/ZnO demonstrates a substantially boosted activity for piezo-electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and the optimal sample exhibits a 37.3% increase in CO yield compared to the pristine ZnO. The integration of metal-support interactions opens a new avenue to the design of advanced piezo-electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundong Zhou
- Corpus Christi College, University of Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB2 1RH, United Kingdom
| | - Di Wu
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jiangping Ma
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lujie Ruan
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yajie Feng
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Chaogang Ban
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Songjiang Cai
- Chongqing DEPU Foreign Language School, Chongqing 401320, China
| | - Li-Yong Gan
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhou
- College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China; Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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