1
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Bhattarai H, Tai APK, Val Martin M, Yung DHY. Responses of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) air quality to future climate, land use, and emission changes: Insights from modeling across shared socioeconomic pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174611. [PMID: 38992356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution induced by fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) poses a significant challenge for global air quality management. Understanding how factors such as climate change, land use and land cover change (LULCC), and changing emissions interact to impact PM2.5 remains limited. To address this gap, we employed the Community Earth System Model and examined both the individual and combined effects of these factors on global surface PM2.5 in 2010 and projected scenarios for 2050 under different Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Our results reveal biomass-burning and anthropogenic emissions as the primary drivers of surface PM2.5 across all SSPs. Less polluted regions like the US and Europe are expected to experience substantial PM2.5 reduction in all future scenarios, reaching up to ~5 μg m-3 (70 %) in SSP1. However, heavily polluted regions like India and China may experience varied outcomes, with a potential decrease in SSP1 and increase under SSP3. Eastern China witness ~20 % rise in PM2.5 under SSP3, while northern India may experience ~70 % increase under same scenario. Depending on the region, climate change alone is expected to change PM2.5 up to ±5 μg m-3, while the influence of LULCC appears even weaker. The modest changes in PM2.5 attributable to LULCC and climate change are associated with aerosol chemistry and meteorological effects, including biogenic volatile organic compound emissions, SO2 oxidation, and NH4NO3 formation. Despite their comparatively minor role, LULCC and climate change can still significantly shape future air quality in specific regions, potentially counteracting the benefits of emission control initiatives. This study underscores the pivotal role of changes in anthropogenic emissions in shaping future PM2.5 across all SSP scenarios. Thus, addressing all contributing factors, with a primary focus on reducing anthropogenic emissions, is crucial for achieving sustainable reduction in surface PM2.5 levels and meeting sustainable pollution mitigation goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj Bhattarai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David H Y Yung
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Zhu X, Jia G, Xu X. Accelerated rise in wildfire carbon emissions from Arctic continuous permafrost. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2430-2438. [PMID: 38910108 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires over permafrost put perennially frozen carbon at risk. However, wildfire emissions from biomass burning over the diverse range of permafrost regions and their share in global wildfire emissions have not been revealed. The results showed a dramatic increase in wildfire carbon emissions from permafrost regions over the period 1997-2021. The share of permafrost in global wildfire CO2 emissions increased from 2.42% in 1997 to 20.86% in 2021. Accelerating wildfire emissions from continuous permafrost region is the single largest contributor to increased emissions in northern permafrost regions. Fire-induced emissions from 2019 to 2021 alone accounted for approximately 40% of the 25-year total CO2 emissions from continuous permafrost regions. The rise in wildfire emissions from continuous permafrost regions is explained by desiccation within a 5-10 cm soil depth, where wildfires combust belowground fuel. These findings highlight the acceleration of fire-induced carbon emissions from continuous permafrost regions, which disturb the organic carbon stock and accelerate the positive feedback between permafrost degradation and climate warming, thus stimulating permafrost towards a climatic tipping point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingru Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gensuo Jia
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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3
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Wang H, Welch AM, Nagalingam S, Leong C, Czimczik CI, Tang J, Seco R, Rinnan R, Vettikkat L, Schobesberger S, Holst T, Brijesh S, Sheesley RJ, Barsanti KC, Guenther AB. High temperature sensitivity of Arctic isoprene emissions explained by sedges. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6144. [PMID: 39034371 PMCID: PMC11271288 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49960-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been widely reported that isoprene emissions from the Arctic ecosystem have a strong temperature response. Here we identify sedges (Carex spp. and Eriophorum spp.) as key contributors to this high sensitivity using plant chamber experiments. We observe that sedges exhibit a markedly stronger temperature response compared to that of other isoprene emitters and predictions by the widely accepted isoprene emission model, the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). MEGAN is able to reproduce eddy-covariance flux observations at three high-latitude sites by integrating our findings. Furthermore, the omission of the strong temperature responses of Arctic isoprene emitters causes a 20% underestimation of isoprene emissions for the high-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere during 2000-2009 in the Community Land Model with the MEGAN scheme. We also find that the existing model had underestimated the long-term trend of isoprene emissions from 1960 to 2009 by 55% for the high-latitude regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
| | - Allison M Welch
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Sanjeevi Nagalingam
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Christopher Leong
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Claudia I Czimczik
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jing Tang
- Center of Volatile Interactions (VOLT), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Roger Seco
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Riikka Rinnan
- Center of Volatile Interactions (VOLT), Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark.
| | - Lejish Vettikkat
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Thomas Holst
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Shobhit Brijesh
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Kelley C Barsanti
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Center for Environmental Research & Technology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alex B Guenther
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.
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4
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Guo J, Feng H, Peng C, Du J, Wang W, Kneeshaw D, Pan C, Roberge G, Feng L, Chen A. Fire effects on soil CH 4 and N 2O fluxes across terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174708. [PMID: 39032756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Fire, as a natural disturbance, significantly shapes and influences the functions and services of terrestrial ecosystems via biotic and abiotic processes. Comprehending the influence of fire on soil greenhouse gas dynamics is crucial for understanding the feedback mechanisms between fire disturbances and climate change. Despite work on CO2 fluxes, there is a large uncertainty as to whether and how soil CH4 and N2O fluxes change in response to fire disturbance in terrestrial ecosystems. To narrow this knowledge gap, we performed a meta-analysis synthesizing 3615 paired observations from 116 global studies. Our findings revealed that fire increased global soil CH4 uptake in uplands by 23.2 %, soil CH4 emissions from peatlands by 74.7 %, and soil N2O emissions in terrestrial ecosystems (including upland and peatland) by 18.8 %. Fire increased soil CH4 uptake in boreal, temperate, and subtropical forests by 20.1 %, 38.8 %, and 30.2 %, respectively, and soil CH4 emissions in tropical forests by 193.3 %. Additionally, fire negatively affected soil total carbon (TC; -10.3 %), soil organic carbon (SOC; -15.6 %), microbial biomass carbon (MBC; -44.8 %), dissolved organic carbon (DOC; -27 %), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN; -24.7 %), soil water content (SWC; -9.2 %), and water table depth (WTD; -68.2 %). Conversely, the fire increased soil bulk density (BD; +10.8 %), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N; +46 %), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N; +54 %), pH (+4.4 %), and soil temperature (+15.4 %). Our meta-regression analysis showed that the positive effects of fire on soil CH4 and N2O emissions were significantly positively correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP), indicating that climate warming will amplify the positive effects of fire disturbance on soil CH4 and N2O emissions. Taken together, since higher future temperatures are likely to prolong the fire season and increase the potential of fires, this could lead to positive feedback between warming, fire events, CH4 and N2O emissions, and future climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Huili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics and Germplasm Innovation of Tropical Special Trees and Ornamental Plants, School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry (School of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, School of Rural Revitalization), Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada; College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Juan Du
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430223, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Chang Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, Anhui 246011, China
| | - Gabrielle Roberge
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Lei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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5
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Liang L, Liang S, Zeng Z. Extreme climate sparks record boreal wildfires and carbon surge in 2023. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100631. [PMID: 38779135 PMCID: PMC11109458 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shijing Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Jurasinski G, Barthelmes A, Byrne KA, Chojnicki BH, Christiansen JR, Decleer K, Fritz C, Günther AB, Huth V, Joosten H, Juszczak R, Juutinen S, Kasimir Å, Klemedtsson L, Koebsch F, Kotowski W, Kull A, Lamentowicz M, Lindgren A, Lindsay R, Linkevičienė R, Lohila A, Mander Ü, Manton M, Minkkinen K, Peters J, Renou-Wilson F, Sendžikaitė J, Šimanauskienė R, Taminskas J, Tanneberger F, Tegetmeyer C, van Diggelen R, Vasander H, Wilson D, Zableckis N, Zak DH, Couwenberg J. Active afforestation of drained peatlands is not a viable option under the EU Nature Restoration Law. AMBIO 2024; 53:970-983. [PMID: 38696060 PMCID: PMC11101405 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The EU Nature Restoration Law (NRL) is critical for the restoration of degraded ecosystems and active afforestation of degraded peatlands has been suggested as a restoration measure under the NRL. Here, we discuss the current state of scientific evidence on the climate mitigation effects of peatlands under forestry. Afforestation of drained peatlands without restoring their hydrology does not fully restore ecosystem functions. Evidence on long-term climate benefits is lacking and it is unclear whether CO2 sequestration of forest on drained peatland can offset the carbon loss from the peat over the long-term. While afforestation may offer short-term gains in certain cases, it compromises the sustainability of peatland carbon storage. Thus, active afforestation of drained peatlands is not a viable option for climate mitigation under the EU Nature Restoration Law and might even impede future rewetting/restoration efforts. Instead, restoring hydrological conditions through rewetting is crucial for effective peatland restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Jurasinski
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany.
- Laboratory of Flora and Geobotany, Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Alexandra Barthelmes
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kenneth A Byrne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Bogdan H Chojnicki
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jesper Riis Christiansen
- Department of Geoscience and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kris Decleer
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Fritz
- Department of Aquatic Biology and Environmental Sciences, RIBES, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke Beate Günther
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Vytas Huth
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans Joosten
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Radosław Juszczak
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sari Juutinen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Åsa Kasimir
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leif Klemedtsson
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Franziska Koebsch
- Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wiktor Kotowski
- Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Conservation, University If Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ain Kull
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Amelie Lindgren
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Richard Lindsay
- Sustainability Research Institute, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Rita Linkevičienė
- Laboratory of Climate and Water Research, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Annalea Lohila
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Michael Manton
- Bioeconomy Research Institute, Vytautas Magnus University, Akademija, Lithuania
| | - Kari Minkkinen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan Peters
- Michael Succow Foundation, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florence Renou-Wilson
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jūratė Sendžikaitė
- Foundation for Peatland Restoration and Conservation, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Institute of Geosciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Šimanauskienė
- Laboratory of Climate and Water Research, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Foundation for Peatland Restoration and Conservation, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Julius Taminskas
- Laboratory of Climate and Water Research, Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Franziska Tanneberger
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Cosima Tegetmeyer
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rudy van Diggelen
- Geobiology Research Group, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Harri Vasander
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Nerijus Zableckis
- Foundation for Peatland Restoration and Conservation, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Dominik H Zak
- Institute of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Couwenberg
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Greifswald, Germany
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Luo B, Luo D, Dai A, Xiao C, Simmonds I, Hanna E, Overland J, Shi J, Chen X, Yao Y, Duan W, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Xu X, Diao Y, Jiang Z, Gong T. Rapid summer Russian Arctic sea-ice loss enhances the risk of recent Eastern Siberian wildfires. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5399. [PMID: 38926364 PMCID: PMC11208637 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49677-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades boreal wildfires have occurred frequently over eastern Siberia, leading to increased emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants. However, it is unclear what factors have contributed to recent increases in these wildfires. Here, using the data we show that background eastern Siberian Arctic warming (BAW) related to summer Russian Arctic sea-ice decline accounts for ~79% of the increase in summer vapor pressure deficit (VPD) that controls wildfires over eastern Siberia over 2004-2021 with the remaining ~21% related to internal atmospheric variability associated with changes in Siberian blocking events. We further demonstrate that Siberian blocking events are occurring at higher latitudes, are more persistent and have larger zonal scales and slower decay due to smaller meridional potential vorticity gradients caused by stronger BAW under lower sea-ice. These changes lead to more persistent, widespread and intense high-latitude warming and VPD, thus contributing to recent increases in eastern Siberian high-latitude wildfires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhe Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dehai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Cunde Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Ian Simmonds
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward Hanna
- Department of Geography, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - James Overland
- NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Department of atmospheric and oceanic sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Wansuo Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Earth system Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Yina Diao
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhina Jiang
- Institute of Global Change and Polar Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266400, China
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8
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Liu J, Baker D, Basu S, Bowman K, Byrne B, Chevallier F, He W, Jiang F, Johnson MS, Kubar TL, Li X, Liu Z, Miller SM, Philip S, Xiao J, Yun J, Zeng N. The reduced net carbon uptake over Northern Hemisphere land causes the close-to-normal CO 2 growth rate in 2021 La Niña. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl2201. [PMID: 38848371 PMCID: PMC11160468 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
La Niña climate anomalies have historically been associated with substantial reductions in the atmospheric CO2 growth rate. However, the 2021 La Niña exhibited a unique near-neutral impact on the CO2 growth rate. In this study, we investigate the underlying mechanisms by using an ensemble of net CO2 fluxes constrained by CO2 observations from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 in conjunction with estimates of gross primary production and fire carbon emissions. Our analysis reveals that the close-to-normal atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2021 was the result of the compensation between increased net carbon uptake over the tropics and reduced net carbon uptake over the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Specifically, we identify that the extreme drought and warm anomalies in Europe and Asia reduced the net carbon uptake and offset 72% of the increased net carbon uptake over the tropics in 2021. This study contributes to our broader understanding of how regional processes can shape the trajectory of atmospheric CO2 concentration under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - David Baker
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sourish Basu
- Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Kevin Bowman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Brendan Byrne
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Frederic Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L’Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wei He
- Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - Terence L. Kubar
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xing Li
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Scot M. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sajeev Philip
- Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Jeongmin Yun
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - Ning Zeng
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, College Park, MD 20740, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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9
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Li Y, Janssen TAJ, Chen R, He B, Veraverbeke S. Trends and drivers of Arctic-boreal fire intensity between 2003 and 2022. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172020. [PMID: 38547987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate change has disproportional effects on Arctic-boreal ecosystems, as the increase of air temperatures in these northern regions is several times higher than the global average. Ongoing warming and drying have resulted in recent record-breaking fire years in Arctic-boreal ecosystems, resulting in substantial carbon emissions that might accelerate climate change. While recent trends in Arctic-boreal burned area have been well documented, it is still unclear how fire intensity has changed. Fire intensity relates to the energy release from combustion and to a large extent drives the impact of a fire on the vegetation and soils, the emission of various gasses and the combustion completeness of different fuels. Here, we used the active fire product from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to examine trends in fire radiative power (FRP) over the entire Arctic-boreal region. We found a significant increase in annual median fire intensity between 2003 and 2022 in Eurasian boreal forests, for both daytime (increase of 0.392 MW/km2 per year, R2 = 0.56, p < 0.001) and nighttime fires (increase of 0.175 MW/km2 per year, R2 = 0.47, p < 0.001), while no general trend in FRP was observed in boreal North America. This increase in FRP in Eurasian boreal forests was strongly associated with simultaneous increases in air temperature, vapour pressure deficit, fire weather and fuel availability. We estimated that for Eurasia with each degree increase in air temperature, annual median daytime FRP increases with 1.58 MW/km2 in the tundra and 0.94 MW/km2 in the taiga. Climate change has thus resulted in a widespread and clear increase in fire intensity in central and eastern Eurasia while we could not discern clear trends in Arctic-boreal North America. Arctic-boreal fire intensity may further increase with climate change, with potentially major consequences for fire regimes, carbon emissions and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Li
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas A J Janssen
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Binbin He
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Sander Veraverbeke
- Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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10
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Knezevic J, Zhang T, Zhou R, Hong J, Zhou R, Barnett C, Song Q, Gao Y, Xu W, Liu D, Proschogo N, Mohanty B, Strachan J, Soltani B, Li F, Maschmeyer T, Lovell EC, Cullen PJ. Long-Chain Hydrocarbons from Nonthermal Plasma-Driven Biogas Upcycling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12601-12608. [PMID: 38687243 PMCID: PMC11082885 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The burgeoning necessity to discover new methodologies for the synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons and oxygenates, independent of traditional reliance on high-temperature, high-pressure, and fossil fuel-based carbon, is increasingly urgent. In this context, we introduce a nonthermal plasma-based strategy for the initiation and propagation of long-chain carbon growth from biogas constituents (CO2 and CH4). Utilizing a plasma reactor operating at atmospheric room temperature, our approach facilitates hydrocarbon chain growth up to C40 in the solid state (including oxygenated products), predominantly when CH4 exceeds CO2 in the feedstock. This synthesis is driven by the hydrogenation of CO2 and/or amalgamation of CHx radicals. Global plasma chemistry modeling underscores the pivotal role of electron temperature and CHx radical genesis, contingent upon varying CO2/CH4 ratios in the plasma system. Concomitant with long-chain hydrocarbon production, the system also yields gaseous products, primarily syngas (H2 and CO), as well as liquid-phase alcohols and acids. Our finding demonstrates the feasibility of atmospheric room-temperature synthesis of long-chain hydrocarbons, with the potential for tuning the chain length based on the feed gas composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Knezevic
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Renwu Zhou
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jungmi Hong
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rusen Zhou
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Qiang Song
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuting Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanping Xu
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nicholas Proschogo
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | | | - Jyah Strachan
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Behdad Soltani
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Fengwang Li
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Thomas Maschmeyer
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Emma C. Lovell
- Particle
and Catalysis Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Patrick J. Cullen
- School
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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11
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Yao Q, Jiang D, Zheng B, Wang X, Zhu X, Fang K, Shi L, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhong L, Pei Y, Hudson A, Xu S, Bai M, Huang X, Trouet V. Anthropogenic warming is a key climate indicator of rising urban fire activity in China. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae163. [PMID: 38855727 PMCID: PMC11162151 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
China, one of the most populous countries in the world, has suffered the highest number of natural disaster-related deaths from fire. On local scales, the main causes of urban fires are anthropogenic in nature. Yet, on regional to national scales, little is known about the indicators of large-scale co-varying urban fire activity in China. Here, we present the China Fire History Atlas (CFHA), which is based on 19 947 documentary records and represents fires in urban areas of China over the twentieth century (1901-1994). We found that temperature variability is a key indicator of urban fire activity in China, with warmer temperatures being correlated with more urban fires, and that this fire-temperature relationship is seasonally and regionally explicit. In the early twentieth century, however, the fire-temperature relationship was overruled by war-related fires in large urban areas. We further used the fire-temperature relationship and multiple emissions scenarios to project fire activity across China into the twenty-first century. Our projections show a distinct increase in future urban fire activity and fire-related economic loss. Our findings provide insights into fire-climate relationships in China for densely-populated areas and on policy-relevant time scales and they contribute spatial coverage to efforts to improve global fire models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Yao
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
| | - Dabang Jiang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ben Zheng
- Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, USA
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhu
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Keyan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Process (MOE), College of Geographic Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Lamei Shi
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Linhao Zhong
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Yanyan Pei
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Amy Hudson
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Maowei Bai
- National Institute of Natural Hazards, Ministry of Emergency Management of China, Beijng 100085, China
| | - Xinyan Huang
- Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Valerie Trouet
- Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721, USA
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12
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Liu G, Li J, Ying T. Amundsen Sea Ice Loss Contributes to Australian Wildfires. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6716-6724. [PMID: 38573586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Wildfires in Australia have attracted extensive attention in recent years, especially for the devastating 2019-2020 fire season. Remote forcing, such as those from tropical oceans, plays an important role in driving the abnormal weather conditions associated with wildfires. However, whether high latitude climate change can impact Australian fires is largely unclear. In this study, we reveal a robust relationship between Antarctic sea ice concentration (SIC), primarily over the Amundsen Sea region, with Australian springtime fire activity, by using reanalysis data sets, AMIP simulation results, and a state-of-the-art climate model simulation. Specifically, a diminished Amundsen SIC leads to the formation of a high-pressure system above Australia as a result of the eastward propagation of Rossby waves. Meanwhile, two strengthened meridional cells originating from the tropic and polar regions also enhance subsiding airflow in Australia, resulting in prolonged arid and high-temperature conditions. This mechanism explains about 28% of the variability of Australian fire weather and contributed more than 40% to the 2019 extreme burning event, especially in the eastern hotspots. These findings contribute to our understanding of polar-low latitude climate teleconnection and have important implications for projecting Australian fires as well as the global environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Liu
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tong Ying
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Tomshin O, Solovyev V. Synoptic weather patterns during fire spread events in Siberia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:171205. [PMID: 38408671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Several recent studies have indicated a strong relationship between extensive wildfires in Siberia and synoptic-scale weather processes. In this study, we used the concept of fire spread events to investigate the relationships between synoptic and surface-level weather conditions and extensive wildfires in Siberia during 2001-2022 using the MODIS and ERA5 reanalysis products. We analyzed the spatio-temporal features and seasonality of fire spread events in the region and found that most of them occurred in the central part of Eastern Siberia (ES) during the summer months, following the wildfire season in the region. A significant positive trend in the annual count of fire spread events was found in ES, coinciding with non-significant negative trends in cloud cover and precipitation and non-significant positive trends in air temperature and the fire weather index. Results show that in the ES region, which accounts for 46 % of the total number of considered events, the main driver of fire spread events is the formation of a positive geopotential height anomaly, which, based on the pattern of the meridional wind component, indicates the presence of an anticyclone above the area of fire spread events. The presence of a high-pressure zone causes a decrease in cloud cover over regions with fires, leading to increases in the amount of incoming solar radiation and surface air temperature and a decrease in precipitation. These conditions contribute to the drying of fuel and an increase in the overall fire hazard level, which in turn leads to an intensification of the combustion process, as evidenced by an increase in the radiative power of fires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Tomshin
- Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677980, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Solovyev
- Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yakutsk 677980, Russia.
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14
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Gincheva A, Pausas JG, Edwards A, Provenzale A, Cerdà A, Hanes C, Royé D, Chuvieco E, Mouillot F, Vissio G, Rodrigo J, Bedía J, Abatzoglou JT, Senciales González JM, Short KC, Baudena M, Llasat MC, Magnani M, Boer MM, González ME, Torres-Vázquez MÁ, Fiorucci P, Jacklyn P, Libonati R, Trigo RM, Herrera S, Jerez S, Wang X, Turco M. A monthly gridded burned area database of national wildland fire data. Sci Data 2024; 11:352. [PMID: 38589374 PMCID: PMC11002030 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
We assembled the first gridded burned area (BA) database of national wildfire data (ONFIRE), a comprehensive and integrated resource for researchers, non-government organisations, and government agencies analysing wildfires in various regions of the Earth. We extracted and harmonised records from different regions and sources using open and reproducible methods, providing data in a common framework for the whole period available (starting from 1950 in Australia, 1959 in Canada, 1985 in Chile, 1980 in Europe, and 1984 in the United States) up to 2021 on a common 1° × 1° grid. The data originate from national agencies (often, ground mapping), thus representing the best local expert knowledge. Key opportunities and limits in using this dataset are discussed as well as possible future expansions of this open-source approach that should be explored. This dataset complements existing gridded BA data based on remote sensing and offers a valuable opportunity to better understand and assess fire regime changes, and their drivers, in these regions. The ONFIRE database can be freely accessed at https://zenodo.org/record/8289245 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrina Gincheva
- Regional Atmospheric Modelling (MAR) Group, Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum (CEIR), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juli G Pausas
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Spanish National Research Council (CIDE-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrew Edwards
- Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Antonello Provenzale
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources - National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IGG), Turin, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Artemi Cerdà
- Soil Erosion and Degradation Research Group, Department of Geography, Valencia University, Valencia, Spain
| | - Chelene Hanes
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominic Royé
- Climate Research Foundation (FIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Chuvieco
- Universidad de Alcalá, Environmental Remote Sensing Research Group, Department of Geology, Geography and the Environment, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Florent Mouillot
- UMR CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Gabriele Vissio
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources - National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IGG), Turin, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jesús Rodrigo
- Departamento de Análisis Geográfico Regional y Geografía Física, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquin Bedía
- Departamento Matemática Aplicada y Ciencias de la Computación (MACC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Grupo de Meteorología y Computación, Universidad de Cantabria, Unidad Asociada al CSIC, Santander, Spain
| | - John T Abatzoglou
- Management of Complex Systems, University of California, Merced, USA
| | | | - Karen C Short
- Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Missoula Fire Sciences Laboratory, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Mara Baudena
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council of Italy (CNR- ISAC), Torino, Italy
| | - Maria Carmen Llasat
- GAMA, Department of Applied Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Magnani
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources - National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IGG), Turin, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matthias M Boer
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- NSW Bushfire and Natural Hazards Research Centre, Richmond, NSW, Australia
| | - Mauro E González
- Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Center for Climate and Resilience Research (CR2), Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Ángel Torres-Vázquez
- Regional Atmospheric Modelling (MAR) Group, Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum (CEIR), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Peter Jacklyn
- Darwin Centre for Bushfire Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Renata Libonati
- Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Trigo
- Instituto Dom Luiz (IDL), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sixto Herrera
- Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Department Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sonia Jerez
- Regional Atmospheric Modelling (MAR) Group, Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum (CEIR), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Xianli Wang
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marco Turco
- Regional Atmospheric Modelling (MAR) Group, Department of Physics, Regional Campus of International Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum (CEIR), University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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15
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Fletcher C, Ripple WJ, Newsome T, Barnard P, Beamer K, Behl A, Bowen J, Cooney M, Crist E, Field C, Hiser K, Karl DM, King DA, Mann ME, McGregor DP, Mora C, Oreskes N, Wilson M. Earth at risk: An urgent call to end the age of destruction and forge a just and sustainable future. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae106. [PMID: 38566756 PMCID: PMC10986754 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Human development has ushered in an era of converging crises: climate change, ecological destruction, disease, pollution, and socioeconomic inequality. This review synthesizes the breadth of these interwoven emergencies and underscores the urgent need for comprehensive, integrated action. Propelled by imperialism, extractive capitalism, and a surging population, we are speeding past Earth's material limits, destroying critical ecosystems, and triggering irreversible changes in biophysical systems that underpin the Holocene climatic stability which fostered human civilization. The consequences of these actions are disproportionately borne by vulnerable populations, further entrenching global inequities. Marine and terrestrial biomes face critical tipping points, while escalating challenges to food and water access foreshadow a bleak outlook for global security. Against this backdrop of Earth at risk, we call for a global response centered on urgent decarbonization, fostering reciprocity with nature, and implementing regenerative practices in natural resource management. We call for the elimination of detrimental subsidies, promotion of equitable human development, and transformative financial support for lower income nations. A critical paradigm shift must occur that replaces exploitative, wealth-oriented capitalism with an economic model that prioritizes sustainability, resilience, and justice. We advocate a global cultural shift that elevates kinship with nature and communal well-being, underpinned by the recognition of Earth's finite resources and the interconnectedness of its inhabitants. The imperative is clear: to navigate away from this precipice, we must collectively harness political will, economic resources, and societal values to steer toward a future where human progress does not come at the cost of ecological integrity and social equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fletcher
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - William J Ripple
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Thomas Newsome
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Phoebe Barnard
- Center for Environmental Politics and School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- African Climate and Development Initiative and FitzPatrick Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Kamanamaikalani Beamer
- Hui ‘Āina Momona Program, Richardson School of Law, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Hawai‘inuiākea School of Hawaiian Knowledge, Kamakakūokalani Center for Hawaiian Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Aishwarya Behl
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jay Bowen
- Institute of American Indian Arts, Santa Fe, NM 87508, USA
- Upper Skagit Tribe, Sedro Woolley, WA 98284, USA
| | - Michael Cooney
- School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Hawai‘i Natural Energy Institute, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Eileen Crist
- Department of Science Technology and Society, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - Christopher Field
- Doerr School for Sustainability, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Krista Hiser
- Department of Languages, Linguistics, and Literature, Kapi‘olani Community College, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA
- Global Council for Science and the Environment, Washington, DC 20006, USA
| | - David M Karl
- Department of Oceanography, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
- Daniel K. Inouye Center for Microbial Oceanography, Research and Education, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - David A King
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1DQ, UK
| | - Michael E Mann
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Davianna P McGregor
- Department of Ethnic Studies, Center for Oral History, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Camilo Mora
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Naomi Oreskes
- Department of the History of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Wilson
- Associate Justice, Hawaii Supreme Court (retired), Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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16
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Li Y, Wang H, Yang X, O'Carroll T, Wu G. Designing and Engineering Atomically Dispersed Metal Catalysts for CO 2 to CO Conversion: From Single to Dual Metal Sites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317884. [PMID: 38150410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) is a promising approach to achieving sustainable electrical-to-chemical energy conversion and storage while decarbonizing the emission-heavy industry. The carbon-supported, nitrogen-coordinated, and atomically dispersed metal sites are effective catalysts for CO generation due to their high activity, selectivity, and earth abundance. Here, we discuss progress, challenges, and opportunities for designing and engineering atomic metal catalysts from single to dual metal sites. Engineering single metal sites using a nitrogen-doped carbon model was highlighted to exclusively study the effect of carbon particle sizes, metal contents, and M-N bond structures in the form of MN4 moieties on catalytic activity and selectivity. The structure-property correlation was analyzed by combining experimental results with theoretical calculations to uncover the CO2 to CO conversion mechanisms. Furthermore, dual-metal site catalysts, inheriting the merits of single-metal sites, have emerged as a new frontier due to their potentially enhanced catalytic properties. Designing optimal dual metal site catalysts could offer additional sites to alter the surface adsorption to CO2 and various intermediates, thus breaking the scaling relationship limitation and activity-stability trade-off. The CO2 RR electrolysis in flow reactors was discussed to provide insights into the electrolyzer design with improved CO2 utilization, reaction kinetics, and mass transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Thomas O'Carroll
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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17
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Whitmee S, Green R, Belesova K, Hassan S, Cuevas S, Murage P, Picetti R, Clercq-Roques R, Murray K, Falconer J, Anton B, Reynolds T, Sharma Waddington H, Hughes RC, Spadaro J, Aguilar Jaber A, Saheb Y, Campbell-Lendrum D, Cortés-Puch M, Ebi K, Huxley R, Mazzucato M, Oni T, de Paula N, Peng G, Revi A, Rockström J, Srivastava L, Whitmarsh L, Zougmoré R, Phumaphi J, Clark H, Haines A. Pathways to a healthy net-zero future: report of the Lancet Pathfinder Commission. Lancet 2024; 403:67-110. [PMID: 37995741 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02466-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Whitmee
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Rosemary Green
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kristine Belesova
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Syreen Hassan
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Soledad Cuevas
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peninah Murage
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Roberto Picetti
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Romain Clercq-Roques
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kris Murray
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, The Gambia
| | - Jane Falconer
- Library, Archive & Open Research Services, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Blanca Anton
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tamzin Reynolds
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Hugh Sharma Waddington
- Environmental Health Group, Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; London International Development Centre, London, UK
| | - Robert C Hughes
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joseph Spadaro
- Spadaro Environmental Research Consultants (SERC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kristie Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, Hans Rosling Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Huxley
- C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Mazzucato
- Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tolu Oni
- Global Diet and Activity Research Group, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole de Paula
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy; Women Leaders for Planetary Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gong Peng
- University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Aromar Revi
- Indian Institute for Human Settlements Tharangavana, Bengaluru, India
| | - Johan Rockström
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Potsdam, Germany
| | - Leena Srivastava
- Ashoka Centre for a People-centric Energy Transition, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Robert Zougmoré
- AICCRA, International Crops Research for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Bamako, Mali
| | - Joy Phumaphi
- African Leaders Malaria Alliance (ALMA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Helen Clark
- Helen Clark Foundation, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andy Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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18
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Kim JE, Wang JA, Li Y, Czimczik CI, Randerson JT. Wildfire-induced increases in photosynthesis in boreal forest ecosystems of North America. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17151. [PMID: 38273511 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Observations of the annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 in high northern latitudes provide evidence for an increase in terrestrial metabolism in Arctic tundra and boreal forest ecosystems. However, the mechanisms driving these changes are not yet fully understood. One proposed hypothesis is that ecological change from disturbance, such as wildfire, could increase the magnitude and change the phase of net ecosystem exchange through shifts in plant community composition. Yet, little quantitative work has evaluated this potential mechanism at a regional scale. Here we investigate how fire disturbance influences landscape-level patterns of photosynthesis across western boreal North America. We use Alaska and Canadian large fire databases to identify the perimeters of wildfires, a Landsat-derived land cover time series to characterize plant functional types (PFTs), and solar-induced fluorescence (SIF) from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) as a proxy for photosynthesis. We analyze these datasets to characterize post-fire changes in plant succession and photosynthetic activity using a space-for-time approach. We find that increases in herbaceous and sparse vegetation, shrub, and deciduous broadleaf forest PFTs during mid-succession yield enhancements in SIF by 8-40% during June and July for 2- to 59-year stands relative to pre-fire controls. From the analysis of post-fire land cover changes within individual ecoregions and modeling, we identify two mechanisms by which fires contribute to long-term trends in SIF. First, increases in annual burning are shifting the stand age distribution, leading to increases in the abundance of shrubs and deciduous broadleaf forests that have considerably higher SIF during early- and mid-summer. Second, fire appears to facilitate a long-term shift from evergreen conifer to broadleaf deciduous forest in the Boreal Plain ecoregion. These findings suggest that increasing fire can contribute substantially to positive trends in seasonal CO2 exchange without a close coupling to long-term increases in carbon storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyuk E Kim
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Jonathan A Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia I Czimczik
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - James T Randerson
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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19
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Mander Ü, Espenberg M, Melling L, Kull A. Peatland restoration pathways to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and retain peat carbon. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY 2023; 167:523-543. [PMID: 38707516 PMCID: PMC11068583 DOI: 10.1007/s10533-023-01103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon (C) cycle, making their restoration a key strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and retaining C. This study analyses the most common restoration pathways employed in boreal and temperate peatlands, potentially applicable in tropical peat swamp forests. Our analysis focuses on the GHG emissions and C retention potential of the restoration measures. To assess the C stock change in restored (rewetted) peatlands and afforested peatlands with continuous drainage, we adopt a conceptual approach that considers short-term C capture (GHG exchange between the atmosphere and the peatland ecosystem) and long-term C sequestration in peat. The primary criterion of our conceptual model is the capacity of restoration measures to capture C and reduce GHG emissions. Our findings indicate that carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most influential part of long-term climate impact of restored peatlands, whereas moderate methane (CH4) emissions and low N2O fluxes are relatively unimportant. However, lateral losses of dissolved and particulate C in water can account up to a half of the total C stock change. Among the restored peatland types, Sphagnum paludiculture showed the highest CO2 capture, followed by shallow lakes and reed/grass paludiculture. Shallow lakeshore vegetation in restored peatlands can reduce CO2 emissions and sequester C but still emit CH4, particularly during the first 20 years after restoration. Our conceptual modelling approach reveals that over a 300-year period, under stable climate conditions, drained bog forests can lose up to 50% of initial C content. In managed (regularly harvested) and continuously drained peatland forests, C accumulation in biomass and litter input does not compensate C losses from peat. In contrast, rewetted unmanaged peatland forests are turning into a persistent C sink. The modelling results emphasized the importance of long-term C balance analysis which considers soil C accumulation, moving beyond the short-term C cycling between vegetation and the atmosphere. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-023-01103-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ülo Mander
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikk Espenberg
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Lulie Melling
- Sarawak Tropical Peat Research Institute, Kuching, Sarawak Malaysia
| | - Ain Kull
- Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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20
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Zhang S, Zhang C, Cai W, Bai Y, Callaghan M, Chang N, Chen B, Chen H, Cheng L, Dai H, Dai X, Fan W, Fang X, Gao T, Geng Y, Guan D, Hu Y, Hua J, Huang C, Huang H, Huang J, Huang X, Ji JS, Jiang Q, Jiang X, Kiesewetter G, Li T, Liang L, Lin B, Lin H, Liu H, Liu Q, Liu X, Liu Z, Liu Z, Liu Y, Lu B, Lu C, Luo Z, Ma W, Mi Z, Ren C, Romanello M, Shen J, Su J, Sun Y, Sun X, Tang X, Walawender M, Wang C, Wang Q, Wang R, Warnecke L, Wei W, Wen S, Xie Y, Xiong H, Xu B, Yan Y, Yang X, Yao F, Yu L, Yuan J, Zeng Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhao M, Zheng D, Zhou H, Zhou J, Zhou Z, Luo Y, Gong P. The 2023 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: taking stock for a thriving future. Lancet Public Health 2023; 8:e978-e995. [PMID: 37989307 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-2667(23)00245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Cai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqi Bai
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Max Callaghan
- Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change, Berlin, Germany; Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Nan Chang
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqi Chen
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangliang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hancheng Dai
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Dai
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Weicheng Fan
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fang
- Meteorological Impact and Risk Research Center, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Gao
- School of Management, Qufu Normal University, Rizhao, China
| | - Yang Geng
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabo Guan
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Hu
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyi Hua
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbin Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Huang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - John S Ji
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaolei Jiang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Jiang
- Office of the WHO Representative, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Kiesewetter
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Tiantian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liang
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Borong Lin
- School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hualiang Lin
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyong Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- School of Airport Economics and Management, Beijing Institute of Economics and Management, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufu Liu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Lu
- National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Climate Change and Health Center, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhifu Mi
- Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chao Ren
- Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jianxiang Shen
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Su
- School of Humanities, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlu Sun
- Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London, UK
| | - Xu Tang
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Centre of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maria Walawender
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Can Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Population Health, National Institute of Environmental Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Laura Warnecke
- Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Wangyu Wei
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Sanmei Wen
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Xie
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- Artificial Intelligence Thrust Area and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu Yang
- Institute of Climate Change and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanghong Yao
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Le Yu
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacan Yuan
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Integrated Research on Disaster Risk International Centre of Excellence on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zeng
- Schwarzman Scholars, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Journalism and Communication, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physical Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangchen Zhang
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohui Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, China; Pollution Management Research Group, Energy, Climate, and Environment Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dashan Zheng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Institute for Urban Governance and Sustainable Development, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhou
- Business Intelligence Lab, Baidu Research, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqiao Zhou
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Gong
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Earth Sciences and Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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