1
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Liang Z, Tang Z, Zhu C, Li F, Chen S, Han X, Zheng R, Hu X, Lin R, Pei Q, Yin C, Wang J, Tang C, Cao N, Zhao J, Wang R, Li X, Luo N, Wen Q, Yu J, Li J, Xia X, Zheng X, Wang X, Huang N, Zhong Z, Mo C, Chen P, Wang Y, Fan J, Guo Y, Zhong H, Liu J, Peng Z, Mao H, Shi GP, Bonventre JV, Chen W, Zhou Y. Intestinal CXCR6 + ILC3s migrate to the kidney and exacerbate renal fibrosis via IL-23 receptor signaling enhanced by PD-1 expression. Immunity 2024; 57:1306-1323.e8. [PMID: 38815582 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) regulate inflammation and tissue repair at mucosal sites, but whether these functions pertain to other tissues-like the kidneys-remains unclear. Here, we observed that renal fibrosis in humans was associated with increased ILC3s in the kidneys and blood. In mice, we showed that CXCR6+ ILC3s rapidly migrated from the intestinal mucosa and accumulated in the kidney via CXCL16 released from the injured tubules. Within the fibrotic kidney, ILC3s increased the expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and subsequent IL-17A production to directly activate myofibroblasts and fibrotic niche formation. ILC3 expression of PD-1 inhibited IL-23R endocytosis and consequently amplified the JAK2/STAT3/RORγt/IL-17A pathway that was essential for the pro-fibrogenic effect of ILC3s. Thus, we reveal a hitherto unrecognized migration pathway of ILC3s from the intestine to the kidney and the PD-1-dependent function of ILC3s in promoting renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Liang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ziwen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Changjian Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuaijiabin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruilin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xinrong Hu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ruoni Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Pei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Changjun Yin
- Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ce Tang
- Precision Medicine Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Nan Cao
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Sun Yat-Sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qiong Wen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianwen Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xi Xia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Naya Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhong Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chengqiang Mo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Peisong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haojie Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenwei Peng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat-sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Drygiannakis I, Kolios G, Filidou E, Bamias G, Valatas V. Intestinal Stromal Cells in the Turmoil of Inflammation and Defective Connective Tissue Remodeling in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2024:izae066. [PMID: 38581412 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
In steady state, intestinal subepithelial myofibroblasts form a thin layer below the basement membrane. Unlike the rest of the stromal cells in the lamina propria, they express tensile proteins, guide epithelial regeneration, and sense luminal microbiota. Upon inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), they express activation markers, accept trophic signaling by infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, and are activated by cytokines from helper T cells to produce a narrow spectrum of cytokines and a wider spectrum of chemokines, attract cells of innate and adaptive immunity, orchestrate inflammatory responses, and qualitatively and quantitatively modify the extracellular matrix. Thus, beyond being structural tissue components, they assume active roles in the pathogenesis of complicated IBD. Discrimination between myofibroblasts and fibroblasts may be an oversimplification in light of single-cell sequencing data unveiling the complexity of multiple phenotypes of stromal cells with distinct roles and plasticity. Spatial transcriptomics revealed distinct phenotypes by histologic localization and, more intriguingly, the assembly of mucosal neighborhoods that support spatially distinct functions. Current IBD treatments target inflammation but fail in fibrostenotic or fistulizing disease. Baseline and recent findings on stromal cells, molecules, and pathways involved in disrupted extracellular matrix homeostasis are reviewed to provide relevant pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Drygiannakis
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Kolios
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eirini Filidou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Giorgos Bamias
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Third Academic Department of Internal Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Valatas
- Gastroenterology Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Gastroenterology Clinic, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
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3
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Koprivica I, Stanisavljević S, Mićanović D, Jevtić B, Stojanović I, Miljković Đ. ILC3: a case of conflicted identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1271699. [PMID: 37915588 PMCID: PMC10616800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1271699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells type 3 (ILC3s) are the first line sentinels at the mucous tissues, where they contribute to the homeostatic immune response in a major way. Also, they have been increasingly appreciated as important modulators of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune responses, both locally and systemically. The proper identification of ILC3 is of utmost importance for meaningful studies on their role in immunity. Flow cytometry is the method of choice for the detection and characterization of ILC3. However, the analysis of ILC3-related papers shows inconsistency in ILC3 phenotypic definition, as different inclusion and exclusion markers are used for their identification. Here, we present these discrepancies in the phenotypic characterization of human and mouse ILC3s. We discuss the pros and cons of using various markers for ILC3 identification. Furthermore, we consider the possibilities for the efficient isolation and propagation of ILC3 from different organs and tissues for in-vitro and in-vivo studies. This paper calls upon uniformity in ILC3 definition, isolation, and propagation for the increased possibility of confluent interpretation of ILC3's role in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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4
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Jan-Abu SC, Kabil A, McNagny KM. Parallel origins and functions of T cells and ILCs. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:76-86. [PMID: 37235977 PMCID: PMC10324547 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are tissue resident cells that are triggered through a relatively broad spectrum of alarmins, inflammatory cues, neuropeptides, and hormones. Functionally, ILCs are akin to subsets of helper T cells and are characterized by a similar effector cytokine profile. They also share a dependency on many of the same essential transcription factors identified for the maintenance and survival of T cells. The key distinguishing factor between the ILC family and T cells is the lack of antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR) on ILCs and, thus, they can be considered the "ultimate invariant T cells". ILCs, like T cells, orchestrate downstream effector inflammatory responses by adjusting the cytokine microenvironment in a fashion that promotes protection, health, and homeostasis at mucosal barrier sites. But also, like T cells, ILCs have recently been implicated in several pathological inflammatory disease states. This review focuses on the selective role of ILCs in the development of allergic airway inflammation (AAI) and fibrosis in the gut where a complex ILC interplay has been shown to either attenuate or worsen disease. Finally, we discuss new data on TCR gene rearrangements in subsets of ILCs that challenge the current dogma linking their origin to committed bone marrow progenitors and instead propose a thymic origin for at least some ILCs. In addition, we highlight how naturally occurring TCR rearrangements and the expression of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules in ILCs provide a useful natural barcode for these cells and may prove instrumental in studying their origins and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sia C Jan-Abu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Kabil
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation (HLI), St Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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5
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Korchagina AA, Shein SA, Koroleva E, Tumanov AV. Transcriptional control of ILC identity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1146077. [PMID: 36969171 PMCID: PMC10033543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1146077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are heterogeneous innate immune cells which participate in host defense, mucosal repair and immunopathology by producing effector cytokines similarly to their adaptive immune cell counterparts. The development of ILC1, 2, and 3 subsets is controlled by core transcription factors: T-bet, GATA3, and RORγt, respectively. ILCs can undergo plasticity and transdifferentiate to other ILC subsets in response to invading pathogens and changes in local tissue environment. Accumulating evidence suggests that the plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity is controlled by a balance between these and additional transcription factors such as STATs, Batf, Ikaros, Runx3, c-Maf, Bcl11b, and Zbtb46, activated in response to lineage-guiding cytokines. However, how interplay between these transcription factors leads to ILC plasticity and the maintenance of ILC identity remains hypothetical. In this review, we discuss recent advances in understanding transcriptional regulation of ILCs in homeostatic and inflammatory conditions.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a genetically complex and heterogeneous disorder with multifaceted neuropathological features, including β-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuroinflammation. Over the past decade, emerging evidence has implicated both beneficial and pathological roles for innate immune genes and immune cells, including peripheral immune cells such as T cells, which can infiltrate the brain and either ameliorate or exacerbate AD neuropathogenesis. These findings support a neuroimmune axis of AD, in which the interplay of adaptive and innate immune systems inside and outside the brain critically impacts the etiology and pathogenesis of AD. In this review, we discuss the complexities of AD neuropathology at the levels of genetics and cellular physiology, highlighting immune signaling pathways and genes associated with AD risk and interactions among both innate and adaptive immune cells in the AD brain. We emphasize the role of peripheral immune cells in AD and the mechanisms by which immune cells, such as T cells and monocytes, influence AD neuropathology, including microglial clearance of amyloid-β peptide, the key component of β-amyloid plaque cores, pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity of microglia, astrogliosis, and their interactions with the brain vasculature. Finally, we review the challenges and outlook for establishing immune-based therapies for treating and preventing AD.
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7
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Hosotani Y, Yasuda K, Nagai M, Yamanishi K, Kanazawa N, Gomi F, Imai Y. IL-33-induced keratoconjunctivitis is mediated by group 2 innate lymphoid cells in mice. Allergol Int 2022; 72:324-331. [PMID: 37010996 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is involved in type 2 innate immunity by inducing type 2 cytokines, such as IL-5 and IL-13, through the activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) or T helper 2 (Th2) cells. We previously reported that mice overexpressing IL-33 (IL-33Tg) in the cornea and conjunctiva spontaneously develop atopic keratoconjunctivitis-like inflammation. Despite previous studies, it is not fully understood what types of immune cells contribute to the disease process of IL-33-induced keratoconjunctivitis. METHODS To defect Th2 cells, IL-33Tg mice were crossed with Rag2KO mice. To defect ILC2s, IL-33Tg mice received bone marrow transplantations from B6.C3(Cg)-Rorasg/J mice that lacked ILC2. Immunostaining techniques were used to determine where ILC2 is distributed in the cornea and conjunctiva. We analyzed the transcriptomes of ILC2 from the conjunctiva by using single-cell RNA-seq analysis. To investigate whether tacrolimus reduces type 2 cytokine production by ILC2, ILC2 was cultured with tacrolimus, and the percentage of cytokine-producing ILC2 was examined. To investigate whether tacrolimus can inhibit IL-33-induced keratoconjunctivitis in vivo, IL-33Tg mice were treated with tacrolimus eye drops. RESULTS ILC2 infiltrated the conjunctival epithelium and subepithelial tissue. Keratoconjunctivitis developed spontaneously in Rag2KO/IL-33Tg mice, but keratoconjunctivitis was abolished in IL-33Tg mice lacking ILC2. ILC2 was not a uniform cluster but a heterogeneous cluster. Tacrolimus inhibited cytokine production from ILC2s in vitro, and tacrolimus eye drops inhibited keratoconjunctivitis in IL-33Tg mice in vivo. CONCLUSIONS ILC2 plays a pivotal role in IL-33-induced keratoconjunctivitis in mice.
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Bianchi N, Doneda L, Elli L, Taccioli C, Vaira V, Scricciolo A, Lombardo V, Terrazzan A, Colapietro P, Terranova L, Bergamini C, Vecchi M, Scaramella L, Nandi N, Roncoroni L. Circulating microRNAs Suggest Networks Associated with Biological Functions in Aggressive Refractory Type 2 Celiac Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061408. [PMID: 35740429 PMCID: PMC9219665 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite following a gluten-free diet, which is currently the only effective therapy for celiac disease, about 5% of patients can develop serious complications, which in the case of refractory type 2 could evolve towards intestinal lymphoma. In this study, we have identified a set of 15 microRNAs in serum discriminating between the two types of refractory disease. Upregulated miR-770-5p, miR-181b-2-3p, miR-1193, and miR-1226-3p could be useful for the better stratification of patients and the monitoring of disease development, while miR-490-3p was found to be dysregulated in patients with refractory type 1. Finally, by using bioinformatic tools applied to the analysis of the targets of dysregulated microRNAs, we have completed a more precise assessment of their functions. These mainly include the pathway of response to Transforming Growth Factor β cell-cell signaling by Wnt; epigenetic regulation, especially novel networks associated with transcriptional and post-transcriptional alterations; and the well-known inflammatory profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Bianchi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Street L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Luisa Doneda
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Street Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.D.); (L.R.)
| | - Luca Elli
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.S.); (V.L.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (N.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristian Taccioli
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, 35020 Legnaro, Italy;
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Street F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Street F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alice Scricciolo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.S.); (V.L.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Vincenza Lombardo
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.S.); (V.L.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Anna Terrazzan
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Street L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (N.B.); (A.T.)
| | - Patrizia Colapietro
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Street F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Terranova
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Internal Medicine Department, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Street F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Bergamini
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Street L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.S.); (V.L.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (N.N.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Street F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lucia Scaramella
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.S.); (V.L.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (N.N.)
| | - Nicoletta Nandi
- Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Celiac Disease, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (A.S.); (V.L.); (M.V.); (L.S.); (N.N.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Street F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Leda Roncoroni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Street Pascal 36, 20133 Milan, Italy; (L.D.); (L.R.)
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Song J, Song H, Wei H, Sun R, Tian Z, Peng H. Requirement of RORα for maintenance and antitumor immunity of liver-resident natural killer cells/ILC1s. Hepatology 2022; 75:1181-1193. [PMID: 34510508 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD AND AIMS Liver type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s), also known as liver-resident natural killer (LrNK) cells, comprise a high proportion of total hepatic ILCs. However, factors regulating their maintenance and function remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this study, we found high expression of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (RORα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Mice with conditional ablation of retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor alpha (Rorα) in LrNK cells/ILC1s and conventional natural killer (cNK) cells had decreased LrNK cells/ILC1s but normal numbers of cNK cells. RORα-deficient LrNK cells/ILC1s displayed increased apoptosis and significantly altered transcriptional profile. Using a murine model of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, we found that RORα conditional deficiency resulted in more aggressive liver tumor progression and impaired effector molecule expression in LrNK cells/ILC1s. Consequently, treatment with the RORα agonist efficiently limited liver metastases and promoted effector molecule expression of LrNK cells/ILC1s. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals a role of RORα in LrNK cell/ILC1 maintenance and function, providing insights into the harnessing of LrNK cell/ILC1 activity in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Hao Song
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Haiming Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Research Unit of NK Cell StudyChinese Academy of Medical SciencesHefeiChina
| | - Hui Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina.,Institute of ImmunologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
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10
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Hsu AY, Wang T, Syahirah R, Liu S, Li K, Zhang W, Wang J, Cao Z, Tian S, Matosevic S, Staiger CJ, Wan J, Deng Q. Rora Regulates Neutrophil Migration and Activation in Zebrafish. Front Immunol 2022; 13:756034. [PMID: 35309302 PMCID: PMC8931656 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.756034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil migration and activation are essential for defense against pathogens. However, this process may also lead to collateral tissue injury. We used microRNA overexpression as a platform and discovered protein-coding genes that regulate neutrophil migration. Here we show that miR-99 decreased the chemotaxis of zebrafish neutrophils and human neutrophil-like cells. In zebrafish neutrophils, miR-99 directly targets the transcriptional factor RAR-related orphan receptor alpha (roraa). Inhibiting RORα, but not the closely related RORγ, reduced chemotaxis of zebrafish and primary human neutrophils without causing cell death, and increased susceptibility of zebrafish to bacterial infection. Expressing a dominant-negative form of Rorα or disrupting the roraa locus specifically in zebrafish neutrophils reduced cell migration. At the transcriptional level, RORα regulates transmembrane signaling receptor activity and protein phosphorylation pathways. Our results, therefore, reveal previously unknown functions of miR-99 and RORα in regulating neutrophil migration and anti-microbial defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Y. Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ramizah Syahirah
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kailing Li
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jiao Wang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Ziming Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Simon Tian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Sandro Matosevic
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Christopher J. Staiger
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics, Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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11
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A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new eosinophilic esophagitis loci. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:988-998. [PMID: 34506852 PMCID: PMC9579995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus marked by eosinophilic infiltration. Cumulative evidence indicates that the risk of EoE involves the complex interplay of both genetic and environmental factors. Because only a few genetic loci have been identified in EoE, the genetic underpinning of EoE remains largely elusive. OBJECTIVE We sought to identify genetic loci associated with EoE. METHODS Four EoE cohorts were genotyped using the Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism array platform, totaling 1,930 cases and 13,634 controls of European ancestry. Genotype imputation was performed with the Michigan Imputation Server using the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine reference panel including whole-genome sequencing data from more than 100,000 individuals. Meta-analysis was conducted to identify potential novel genetic loci associated with EoE. RESULTS Our study identified 11 new genome-wide significant loci, of which 6 are common variant loci, including 5q31.1 (rs2106984, P = 4.16 × 10-8; odds ratio [OR], 1.26, RAD50), 15q22.2 (rs2279293, P = 1.23 × 10-10; OR, 0.69, RORA), and 15q23 (rs56062135, P = 2.91 × 10-11; OR, 1.29, SMAD3), which have been previously associated with allergic conditions. Interestingly, a low-frequency synonymous mutation within the MATN2 gene was identified as the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism at the 8q22.1 locus. We also identified 5 sex-specific loci in the EoE cases, including an inflammatory bowel disease-associated locus at 9p24.1 (rs62541556, P = 4.4 × 10-8; OR, 1.11, JAK2). CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate shared genetic underpinnings between EoE and other immune-mediated diseases and provide novel candidate genes for therapeutic target identification and prioritization.
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12
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Xiao L, Wang M, Zhang W, Song Y, Zeng J, Li H, Yu H, Li L, Gao P, Yao P. Maternal diabetes-mediated RORA suppression contributes to gastrointestinal symptoms in autism-like mouse offspring. BMC Neurosci 2022; 23:8. [PMID: 35164690 PMCID: PMC8842926 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-022-00693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) has been reported to be suppressed in autistic patients and is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), although the potential role and mechanism of RORA on gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in ASD patients is still not reported. In this study, we aim to investigate the contribution of RORA to GI symptoms through a maternal diabetes-mediated autism-like mouse model. RESULTS Male offspring of diabetic dams were treated with either superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic MnTBAP or RORA agonist SR1078, or were crossbred with intestine epithelial cells (IEC)-specific RORA knockout (RORA-/-) mouse. Gene expression, oxidative stress and inflammation were measured in brain tissues, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and IEC, and GI symptoms were evaluated. Our results showed that SOD mimetic MnTBAP completely, while RORA agonist SR1078 partly, reversed maternal diabetes-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, PBMC and IEC, as well as GI symptoms, including intestine permeability and altered gut microbiota compositions. IEC-specific RORA deficiency either mimicked or worsened maternal diabetes-mediated GI symptoms as well as oxidative stress and inflammation in IEC, while there was little effect on maternal diabetes-mediated autism-like behaviors. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that RORA suppression contributes to maternal diabetes-mediated GI symptoms in autism-like mouse offspring, this study provides a potential therapeutical target for maternal diabetes-mediated GI symptoms in offspring through RORA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570206, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Song
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570206, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Zeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Huilin Li
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570206, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Li
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570206, People's Republic of China.
| | - Pingming Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Paul Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Foshan Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine of Southern Medical University, Foshan, 528000, People's Republic of China. .,Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, 570206, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Watanabe D, Kamada N. Contribution of the Gut Microbiota to Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:826240. [PMID: 35198577 PMCID: PMC8859331 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.826240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Crohn's disease (CD), intestinal fibrosis is a critical determinant of a patient's prognosis. Although inflammation may be a prerequisite for the initiation of intestinal fibrosis, research shows that the progression or continuation of intestinal fibrosis can occur independently of inflammation. Thus, once initiated, intestinal fibrosis may persist even if medical treatment controls inflammation. Clearly, an understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of intestinal fibrosis is required to diminish its occurrence. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. For example, the presence of antibodies against gut microbes can predict which CD patients will have intestinal complications. In addition, microbial ligands can activate intestinal fibroblasts, thereby inducing the production of extracellular matrix. Moreover, in various animal models, bacterial infection can lead to the development of intestinal fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the link between intestinal fibrosis in CD and the gut microbiota. We highlight basic science and clinical evidence that the gut microbiota can be causative for intestinal fibrosis in CD and provide valuable information about the animal models used to investigate intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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14
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Valle-Noguera A, Ochoa-Ramos A, Gomez-Sánchez MJ, Cruz-Adalia A. Type 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells as Regulators of the Host-Pathogen Interaction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:748851. [PMID: 34659248 PMCID: PMC8511434 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.748851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 3 Innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have been described as tissue-resident cells and characterized throughout the body, especially in mucosal sites and classical first barrier organs such as skin, gut and lungs, among others. A significant part of the research has focused on their role in combating pathogens, mainly extracellular pathogens, with the gut as the principal organ. However, some recent discoveries in the field have unveiled their activity in other organs, combating intracellular pathogens and as part of the response to viruses. In this review we have compiled the latest studies on the role of ILC3s and the molecular mechanisms involved in defending against different microbes at the mucosal surface, most of these studies have made use of conditional transgenic mice. The present review therefore attempts to provide an overview of the function of ILC3s in infections throughout the body, focusing on their specific activity in different organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valle-Noguera
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Ochoa-Ramos
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria José Gomez-Sánchez
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Cruz-Adalia
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid; 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Fiancette R, Finlay CM, Willis C, Bevington SL, Soley J, Ng STH, Baker SM, Andrews S, Hepworth MR, Withers DR. Reciprocal transcription factor networks govern tissue-resident ILC3 subset function and identity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1245-1255. [PMID: 34556884 PMCID: PMC7611981 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01024-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are guardians of mucosal immunity, yet the transcriptional networks that support their function remain poorly understood. We used inducible combinatorial deletion of key transcription factors (TFs) required for ILC development (RORγt, RORα and T-bet) to determine their necessity in maintaining ILC3 identity and function. Both RORγt and RORα were required to preserve optimum effector functions; however, RORα was sufficient to support robust interleukin-22 production among the lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like ILC3 subset, but not natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR)+ ILC3s. Lymphoid tissue inducer-like ILC3s persisted with only selective loss of phenotype and effector functions even after the loss of both TFs. In contrast, continued RORγt expression was essential to restrain transcriptional networks associated with type 1 immunity within NCR+ ILC3s, which coexpress T-bet. Full differentiation to an ILC1-like population required the additional loss of RORα. Together, these data demonstrate how TF networks integrate within mature ILCs after development to sustain effector functions, imprint phenotype and restrict alternative differentiation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fiancette
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Claire Willis
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah L Bevington
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jake Soley
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sky T H Ng
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Syed Murtuza Baker
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Science, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon Andrews
- Bioinformatics Group, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew R Hepworth
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| | - David R Withers
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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16
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Liang T, Chen T, Qiu J, Gao W, Qiu X, Zhu Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhou H, Deng Z, Li P, Xu C, Peng Y, Liang A, Su P, Gao B, Huang D. Inhibition of nuclear receptor RORα attenuates cartilage damage in osteoarthritis by modulating IL-6/STAT3 pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:886. [PMID: 34584074 PMCID: PMC8478978 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage destruction, chronic inflammation, and local pain. Evidence showed that retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-α (RORα) is crucial in cartilage development and OA pathogenesis. Here, we investigated the role and molecular mechanism of RORα, an important member of the nuclear receptor family, in regulating the development of OA pathologic features. Investigation into clinical cartilage specimens showed that RORα expression level is positively correlated with the severity of OA and cartilage damage. In an in vivo OA model induced by anterior crucial ligament transaction, intra-articular injection of si-Rora adenovirus reversed the cartilage damage. The expression of cartilage matrix components type II collagen and aggrecan were elevated upon RORα blockade. RNA-seq data suggested that the IL-6/STAT3 pathway is significantly downregulated, manifesting the reduced expression level of both IL-6 and phosphorylated STAT3. RORα exerted its effect on IL-6/STAT3 signaling in two different ways, including interaction with STAT3 and IL-6 promoter. Taken together, our findings indicated the pivotal role of the RORα/IL-6/STAT3 axis in OA progression and confirmed that RORα blockade improved the matrix catabolism in OA chondrocytes. These results may provide a potential treatment target in OA therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Benzamides/chemistry
- Benzamides/pharmacology
- Cartilage, Articular/drug effects
- Cartilage, Articular/metabolism
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation/drug effects
- Female
- Fluorocarbons/chemistry
- Fluorocarbons/pharmacology
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/genetics
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Models, Biological
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/agonists
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/genetics
- Osteoarthritis/metabolism
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
- Signal Transduction
- Sulfonamides/chemistry
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Thiophenes/chemistry
- Thiophenes/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Taiqiu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jincheng Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianjian Qiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanbo Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihuai Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Research Centre for Translational Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anjing Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiqiang Su
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dongsheng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Huusko JM, Tiensuu H, Haapalainen AM, Pasanen A, Tissarinen P, Karjalainen MK, Zhang G, Christensen K, Ryckman KK, Jacobsson B, Murray JC, Kingsmore SF, Hallman M, Muglia LJ, Rämet M. Integrative genetic, genomic and transcriptomic analysis of heat shock protein and nuclear hormone receptor gene associations with spontaneous preterm birth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17115. [PMID: 34429451 PMCID: PMC8384995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are involved in the response to stress including activation of the immune response. Elevated circulating heat shock proteins are associated with spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). Intracellular heat shock proteins act as multifunctional molecular chaperones that regulate activity of nuclear hormone receptors. Since SPTB has a significant genetic predisposition, our objective was to identify genetic and transcriptomic evidence of heat shock proteins and nuclear hormone receptors that may affect risk for SPTB. We investigated all 97 genes encoding members of the heat shock protein families and all 49 genes encoding nuclear hormone receptors for their potential role in SPTB susceptibility. We used multiple genetic and genomic datasets including genome-wide association studies (GWASs), whole-exome sequencing (WES), and placental transcriptomics to identify SPTB predisposing factors from the mother, infant, and placenta. There were multiple associations of heat shock protein and nuclear hormone receptor genes with SPTB. Several orthogonal datasets supported roles for SEC63, HSPA1L, SACS, RORA, and AR in susceptibility to SPTB. We propose that suppression of specific heat shock proteins promotes maintenance of pregnancy, whereas activation of specific heat shock protein mediated signaling may disturb maternal–fetal tolerance and promote labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Huusko
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.,Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Heli Tiensuu
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti M Haapalainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu Pasanen
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pinja Tissarinen
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Minna K Karjalainen
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ge Zhang
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kelli K Ryckman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalisation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey C Murray
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stephen F Kingsmore
- Rady Children's Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mikko Hallman
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Louis J Muglia
- Division of Human Genetics, Center for Prevention of Preterm Birth, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, March of Dimes Prematurity Research Center Ohio Collaborative, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Mika Rämet
- PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
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18
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Inverse Agonist of Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor-Alpha Prevents Apoptosis and Degeneration in Nucleus Pulposus Cells via Upregulation of YAP. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:9954909. [PMID: 34366712 PMCID: PMC8337132 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9954909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degenerative disease (IDD) is the most common degenerative spine disease, which leads to chronic low back pain and symptoms in the lower extremities. In this study, we found that RORα, a member of the retinoid-related orphan receptor family, is significantly elevated in nucleus pulposus tissue in IDD patients. The elevation of RORα is associated with increased apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Therefore, we applicated a well-established inverse agonist of RORα, SR3335, to investigate its role in regulating NP cell metabolism and apoptosis. To further investigate the mechanism that SR3335 regulates the pathogenesis of IDD in vitro, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation was used in human NP cells to mimic the hostile environment that leads to degeneration. We found that SR3335 treatment reversed the trend of increased apoptosis in NP cells induced by TNF-α treatment. Next, TNF-α treatment upregulated the expression of type II collagen and aggrecan and downregulated MMP13 (matrix-degrading enzyme matrix metalloproteinase 13) and ADAMTS4 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4). However, these effects were reversed after SR3335 treatment. Furthermore, we find that SR3335 mediated the effect in NP cells by regulating the YAP signaling pathway, especially by affecting the phosphorylation state of YAP. In conclusion, the reduction of matrix degradation enzymes and apoptosis upon SR3335 treatment suggests that SR3335 is a promising drug in reversing the deleterious microenvironment in IDD patients.
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19
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Haim-Vilmovsky L, Henriksson J, Walker JA, Miao Z, Natan E, Kar G, Clare S, Barlow JL, Charidemou E, Mamanova L, Chen X, Proserpio V, Pramanik J, Woodhouse S, Protasio AV, Efremova M, Griffin JL, Berriman M, Dougan G, Fisher J, Marioni JC, McKenzie ANJ, Teichmann SA. Mapping Rora expression in resting and activated CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251233. [PMID: 34003838 PMCID: PMC8130942 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Rora has been shown to be important for the development of ILC2 and the regulation of ILC3, macrophages and Treg cells. Here we investigate the role of Rora across CD4+ T cells in general, but with an emphasis on Th2 cells, both in vitro as well as in the context of several in vivo type 2 infection models. We dissect the function of Rora using overexpression and a CD4-conditional Rora-knockout mouse, as well as a RORA-reporter mouse. We establish the importance of Rora in CD4+ T cells for controlling lung inflammation induced by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection, and have measured the effect on downstream genes using RNA-seq. Using a systematic stimulation screen of CD4+ T cells, coupled with RNA-seq, we identify upstream regulators of Rora, most importantly IL-33 and CCL7. Our data suggest that Rora is a negative regulator of the immune system, possibly through several downstream pathways, and is under control of the local microenvironment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Helminth/immunology
- Antigens, Helminth/metabolism
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nippostrongylus/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/immunology
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1/metabolism
- Pneumonia/immunology
- Pneumonia/parasitology
- Pneumonia/pathology
- Strongylida Infections/immunology
- Strongylida Infections/parasitology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Haim-Vilmovsky
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johan Henriksson
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A. Walker
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhichao Miao
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eviatar Natan
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gozde Kar
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Clare
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jillian L. Barlow
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Evelina Charidemou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lira Mamanova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Chen
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valentina Proserpio
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jhuma Pramanik
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Woodhouse
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust—Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anna V. Protasio
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mirjana Efremova
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Biomolecular Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt Berriman
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - John C. Marioni
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N. J. McKenzie
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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20
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Abortive γδTCR rearrangements suggest ILC2s are derived from T-cell precursors. Blood Adv 2021; 4:5362-5372. [PMID: 33137203 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified subset of leukocytes that play a central role in pathogen surveillance and resistance, modulation of immune response, and tissue repair. They are remarkably similar to CD4+ T-helper subsets in terms of function and transcription factors required for their development but are distinguished by their lack of antigen-specific receptors. Despite their similarities, the absence of a surface T-cell receptor (TCR) and presence of ILCs and precursors in adult bone marrow has led to speculation that ILCs and T cells develop separately from lineages that branch at the point of precursors within the bone marrow. Considering the common lineage markers and effector cytokine profiles shared between ILCs and T cells, it is surprising that the status of the TCR loci in ILCs was not fully explored at the time of their discovery. Here, we demonstrate that a high proportion of peripheral tissue ILC2s have TCRγ chain gene rearrangements and TCRδ locus deletions. Detailed analyses of these loci show abundant frameshifts and premature stop codons that would encode nonfunctional TCR proteins. Collectively, these data argue that ILC2 can develop from T cells that fail to appropriately rearrange TCR genes, potentially within the thymus.
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21
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Shin SB, McNagny KM. ILC-You in the Thymus: A Fresh Look at Innate Lymphoid Cell Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681110. [PMID: 34025680 PMCID: PMC8136430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revolutionized our understanding of innate immunity and immune cell interactions at epithelial barrier sites. Their presence and maintenance are critical for modulating immune homeostasis, responding to injury or infection, and repairing damaged tissues. To date, ILCs have been defined by a set of transcription factors, surface antigens and cytokines, and their functions resemble those of three major classes of helper T cell subsets, Th1, Th2 and Th17. Despite this, the lack of antigen-specific surface receptors and the notion that ILCs can develop in the absence of the thymic niche have clearly set them apart from the T-cell lineage and promulgated a dogma that ILCs develop directly from progenitors in the bone marrow. Interestingly however, emerging studies have challenged the BM-centric view of adult ILC development and suggest that ILCs could arise neonatally from developing T cell progenitors. In this review, we discuss ILC development in parallel to T-cell development and summarize key findings that support a T-cell-centric view of ILC ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B Shin
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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22
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Ghaedi M, Takei F. Innate lymphoid cell development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1549-1560. [PMID: 33965092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) mainly reside at barrier surfaces and regulate tissue homeostasis and immunity. ILCs are divided into 3 groups, group 1 ILCs, group 2 ILCs, and group 3 ILC3, on the basis of their similar effector programs to T cells. The development of ILCs from lymphoid progenitors in adult mouse bone marrow has been studied in detail, and multiple ILC progenitors have been characterized. ILCs are mostly tissue-resident cells that develop in the perinatal period. More recently, ILC progenitors have also been identified in peripheral tissues. In this review, we discuss the stepwise transcription factor-directed differentiation of mouse ILC progenitors into mature ILCs, the critical time windows in ILC development, and the contribution of bone marrow versus tissue ILC progenitors to the pool of mature ILCs in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaedi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fumio Takei
- the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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23
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Hams E, Roberts J, Bermingham R, Fallon PG. Functions for Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORα) in the Activation of Macrophages During Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Septic Shock. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647329. [PMID: 33767712 PMCID: PMC7986717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Related Orphan Receptor Alpha (RORα) plays an important role in regulating circadian rhythm, inflammation, metabolism and cellular development. Herein we show that in the absence of functional RORα in mice there is reduced susceptibility to LPS-induced endotoxic shock, with selective decreases in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Treatment of mice with a RORα selective synthetic inhibitor also reduced the severity of LPS-induced endotoxemia. The reduction in responses in Rora deficient mice was associated with an alterations in metabolic and pro-inflammatory functions of macrophages, both in vivo peritoneal macrophages and in vitro generated bone marrow derived macrophages. Using LysMCreRorafl/sg mice the reduced susceptibility to LPS was shown to be specific to Rora expression in the macrophages. This study identifies that Rora-mediated regulation of macrophages impacts on the pro-inflammatory responses elicited by LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hams
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Roberts
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel Bermingham
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Padraic G Fallon
- School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Dublin, Ireland
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24
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Tiwari D, Gupta P. Nuclear Receptors in Asthma: Empowering Classical Molecules Against a Contemporary Ailment. Front Immunol 2021; 11:594433. [PMID: 33574813 PMCID: PMC7870687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The escalation in living standards and adoption of 'Western lifestyle' has an allied effect on the increased allergy and asthma burden in both developed and developing countries. Current scientific reports bespeak an association between allergic diseases and metabolic dysfunction; hinting toward the critical requirement of organized lifestyle and dietary habits. The ubiquitous nuclear receptors (NRs) translate metabolic stimuli into gene regulatory signals, integrating diet inflences to overall developmental and physiological processes. As a consequence of such promising attributes, nuclear receptors have historically been at the cutting edge of pharmacy world. This review discusses the recent findings that feature the cardinal importance of nuclear receptors and how they can be instrumental in modulating current asthma pharmacology. Further, it highlights a possible future employment of therapy involving dietary supplements and synthetic ligands that would engage NRs and aid in eliminating both asthma and linked comorbidities. Therefore, uncovering new and evolving roles through analysis of genomic changes would represent a feasible approach in both prevention and alleviation of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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25
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Song D, Lai L, Ran Z. Metabolic Regulation of Group 3 Innate Lymphoid Cells and Their Role in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580467. [PMID: 33193381 PMCID: PMC7649203 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the intestine. IBD is associated with complex pathogenesis, and considerable data suggest that innate lymphoid cells contribute to the development and progression of the condition. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) not only play a protective role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and gut barrier function, but also a pathogenic role in intestinal inflammation. ILC3s can sense environmental and host-derived signals and combine these cues to modulate cell expansion, migration and function, and transmit information to the broader immune system. Herein, we review current knowledge of how ILC3s can be regulated by dietary nutrients, microbiota and their metabolites, as well as other metabolites. In addition, we describe the phenotypic and functional alterations of ILC3s in IBD and discuss the therapeutic potential of ILC3s in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjuan Song
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Lijie Lai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Ran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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26
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Alhouayek M, Ameraoui H, Muccioli GG. Bioactive lipids in inflammatory bowel diseases - From pathophysiological alterations to therapeutic opportunities. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158854. [PMID: 33157277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are lifelong diseases that remain challenging to treat. IBDs are characterized by alterations in intestinal barrier function and dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immunity. An increasing number of lipids are found to be important regulators of inflammation and immunity as well as gut physiology. Therefore, the study of lipid mediators in IBDs is expected to improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and lead to novel therapeutic opportunities. Here, through selected examples - such as fatty acids, specialized proresolving mediators, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and oxysterols - we discuss how lipid signaling is involved in IBD physiopathology and how modulating lipid signaling pathways could affect IBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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27
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Ghaedi M, Shen ZY, Orangi M, Martinez-Gonzalez I, Wei L, Lu X, Das A, Heravi-Moussavi A, Marra MA, Bhandoola A, Takei F. Single-cell analysis of RORα tracer mouse lung reveals ILC progenitors and effector ILC2 subsets. J Exp Med 2020; 217:132620. [PMID: 31816636 PMCID: PMC7062532 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20182293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ghaedi et al. identify IL-18R+IL-33R− ILC progenitors, which differentiate into multiple ILC lineages, in the lung of neonatal and adult RORα lineage tracer mice. ILC2s in neonatal mouse lungs are divided into distinct cytokine and amphiregulin-producing effector ILC2s. Lung group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) drive allergic inflammation and promote tissue repair. ILC2 development is dependent on the transcription factor retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor (RORα), which is also expressed in common ILC progenitors. To elucidate the developmental pathways of lung ILC2s, we generated RORα lineage tracer mice and performed single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and functional analyses. In adult mouse lungs, we found an IL-18Rα+ST2− population different from conventional IL-18Rα−ST2+ ILC2s. The former was GATA-3intTcf7EGFP+Kit+, produced few cytokines, and differentiated into multiple ILC lineages in vivo and in vitro. In neonatal mouse lungs, three ILC populations were identified, namely an ILC progenitor population similar to that in adult lungs and two distinct effector ILC2 subsets that differentially produced type 2 cytokines and amphiregulin. Lung ILC progenitors might actively contribute to ILC-poiesis in neonatal and inflamed adult lungs. In addition, neonatal lung ILC2s include distinct proinflammatory and tissue-repairing subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghaedi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zi Yi Shen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mona Orangi
- Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Oncology Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Itziar Martinez-Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Wei
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.,Department of Geriatrics, Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Arundhoti Das
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Alireza Heravi-Moussavi
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Fumio Takei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Terry Fox Laboratory, B.C. Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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28
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Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis (IA) refers to a group of chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other spondyloarthritis (SpA). IA is characterized by autoimmune-mediated joint inflammation and is associated with inflammatory cytokine networks. Innate lymphocytes, including innate-like lymphocytes (ILLs) expressing T or B cell receptors and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play important roles in the initiation of host immune responses against self-antigens and rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines upon stimulation. TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor)-α, IFN (Interferon)-γ, Th2-related cytokines (IL-4, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13), IL-17A, IL-22, and GM-CSF are involved in IA and are secreted by ILLs and ILCs. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of ILL and ILC phenotypes, cytokine production and functions in IA. A better understanding of the roles of ILLs and ILCs in IA initiation and development will ultimately provide insights into developing effective strategies for the clinical treatment of IA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunyao Wu
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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29
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Panossian A, Brendler T. The Role of Adaptogens in Prophylaxis and Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E236. [PMID: 32911682 PMCID: PMC7558817 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our review is to demonstrate the potential of herbal preparations, specifically adaptogens for prevention and treatment of respiratory infections, as well as convalescence, specifically through supporting a challenged immune system, increasing resistance to viral infection, inhibiting severe inflammatory progression, and driving effective recovery. The evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies with Andrographis paniculata, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Glycyrrhiza spp., Panax spp., Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis, Withania somnifera, their combination products and melatonin suggests that adaptogens can be useful in prophylaxis and treatment of viral infections at all stages of progression of inflammation as well as in aiding recovery of the organism by (i) modulating innate and adaptive immunity, (ii) anti-inflammatory activity, (iii) detoxification and repair of oxidative stress-induced damage in compromised cells, (iv) direct antiviral effects of inhibiting viral docking or replication, and (v) improving quality of life during convalescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Panossian
- Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, 31275 Halland, Sweden
- EuropharmaUSA, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA
| | - Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa;
- Traditional Medicinals Inc., Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ 08108, USA
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30
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Creyns B, Cremer J, De Hertogh G, Boon L, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, Van Assche G, Ceuppens JL, Breynaert C. Fibrogenesis in chronic murine colitis is independent of innate lymphoid cells. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 8:393-407. [PMID: 32567222 PMCID: PMC7416052 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Insight in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis is an unmet medical need in inflammatory bowel diseases. Studies in murine models and human organ fibrosis point to a potential role of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in chronic intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Materials and Methods Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in drinking water was used to induce chronic colitis and remodeling in C57Bl/6 wild type (WT), RAG‐deficient, RAG−/− common γ chain deficient and anti‐CD90.2 monoclonal antibody treated RAG−/− mice. Inflammation was scored by macroscopic and histological examination and fibrosis was evaluated by hydroxyproline quantification and histology. Results In RAG−/− mice (which have a normal ILC population but no adaptive immunity), chronic intestinal inflammation and fibrosis developed similarly as in WT mice, with a relative increase in ILC2 during repeated DSS exposure. Chronic colitis could also be induced in the absence of ILC (RAG−/−γc−/− or anti‐CD90.2 treated RAG−/− mice) with no attenuation of fibrosis. Importantly, clinical recovery based on weight gain after stopping DSS exposure was impaired in ILC‐deficient or ILC‐depleted mice. Conclusion These data argue against a profibrotic effect of ILC in chronic colitis, but rather suggest that ILC have a protective and recovery‐enhancing effect after repeated intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Creyns
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Marc Ferrante
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L Ceuppens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Internal Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Ryffel B, Alves-Filho JC. ILC2s and Basophils Team Up to Orchestrate IL-33-Induced Atopic Dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 139:2077-2079. [PMID: 31543211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In this issue, Imai et al. (2019) provide new insights into the pathophysiology of AD-like inflammation using their model (Imai et al., 2013) and ask how ILC2s and basophils contribute to the IL-33-induced AD-like inflammation. Their findings show that continuous expression of IL-33 in keratinocytes is sufficient to cause AD-like inflammation in mice, and that this occurrence is largely independent of adaptive immune cells and is mediated by basophils and ILC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics(INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS-University of Orleans, Orleans, France.
| | - José Carlos Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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32
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Krempski JW, Kobayashi T, Iijima K, McKenzie AN, Kita H. Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells Promote Development of T Follicular Helper Cells and Initiate Allergic Sensitization to Peanuts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:3086-3096. [PMID: 32366582 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peanut allergy is a growing public concern; however, little is known about the immunological mechanism(s) that initiate the disease process. Our knowledge is also limited regarding the role of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) in regulating humoral immunity. To fill these major gaps in our knowledge, we investigated the immunological mechanisms involved in peanut allergen sensitization by using mouse models. To mimic environmental exposure in humans, naive BALB/c mice were exposed to peanut flour by inhalation without any exogenous adjuvants. When exposed to peanut flour, naive mice developed T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in their lung draining lymph nodes and produced IgE Abs to peanuts. Mice deficient in IL-13 showed decreased numbers of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells and produced significantly fewer IgE Abs. IL-13 was necessary and sufficient for induction of CD11c+ MHC class IIhi dendritic cells that are implicated in Tfh cell development. Importantly, lung ILC2s served as a predominant early source of IL-13 when naive mice were exposed to peanut flour. Furthermore, mice that are deficient in lung ILC2s by bone marrow transfer from Rora sg/sg mice or by genetic manipulation produced significantly fewer IgE Abs to peanuts compared with control mice. These findings suggest lung ILC2s that serve as a rapid source of IL-13 upon allergen exposure play a major role in Tfh cell development, IgE Ab production, and initiation of peanut allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259; and
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259; and
| | - Andrew N McKenzie
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905; .,Division of Allergic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259; and
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33
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Helfrich S, Duerr CU. Regulating the development of pulmonary Group 2 innate lymphoid cells. Biol Chem 2020; 400:1497-1507. [PMID: 31256061 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are members of the family of innate lymphoid cells and are innately committed to type 2 immune responses. In the lungs, ILC2s are the predominant population of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and their development is orchestrated by several different transcription factors ensuring lineage commitment by intrinsic regulation. ILC2s are present in the lungs from the foetal period onwards and are thus exposed to extrinsic regulation due to the airways' continuous morphological changes upon birth. In this review, we will briefly summarise the dependence of ILC2s on transcription factors and discuss recently described characteristics and function of early life ILC2s in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia U Duerr
- Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, D-12203 Berlin, Germany
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34
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Guia S, Narni-Mancinelli E. Helper-like Innate Lymphoid Cells in Humans and Mice. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:436-452. [PMID: 32223931 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family consists of natural killer (NK) cells, helper-like lymphoid cells (ILC1s, ILC2s, and ILC3s), and lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells. Helper-like ILCs are considered the innate counterpart of T-helper cells because of similarities in their cytokine output and expression of key transcription factors. ILCs provide and regulate innate immune functions before the development of adaptive immunity. They are involved in host defense against pathogens, inflammation, tissue repair, and metabolic homeostasis. However, they can also be involved in inflammatory disorders and carcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest research on ILC development and plasticity in humans and mice, focusing on the pathogenic role of helper-like ILCs in inflammatory disorders, such as asthma, Crohn's disease (CD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guia
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France.
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35
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Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Central Players in a Recurring Theme of Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041350. [PMID: 32079296 PMCID: PMC7072936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are recently discovered innate counterparts to the well-established T helper cell subsets and are most abundant at barrier surfaces, where they participate in tissue homeostasis and inflammatory responses against invading pathogens. Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) share cytokine and transcription factor expression profiles with type-2 helper T cells and are primarily associated with immune responses against allergens and helminth infections. Emerging data, however, suggests that ILC2s are also key regulators in other inflammatory settings; both in a beneficial context, such as the establishment of neonatal immunity, tissue repair, and homeostasis, and in the context of pathological tissue damage and disease, such as fibrosis development. This review focuses on the interactions of ILC2s with stromal cells, eosinophils, macrophages, and T regulatory cells that are common to the different settings in which type-2 immunity has been explored. We further discuss how an understanding of these interactions can reveal new avenues of therapeutic tissue regeneration, where the role of ILC2s is yet to be fully established.
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36
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Lo BC, Canals Hernaez D, Scott RW, Hughes MR, Shin SB, Underhill TM, Takei F, McNagny KM. The Transcription Factor RORα Preserves ILC3 Lineage Identity and Function during Chronic Intestinal Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3209-3215. [PMID: 31676672 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical for host defense and tissue repair but can also contribute to chronic inflammatory diseases. The transcription factor RORα is required for ILC2 development but is also highly expressed by other ILC subsets where its function remains poorly defined. We previously reported that Rorasg/sg bone marrow chimeric mice (C57BL/6J) were protected from Salmonella-induced intestinal fibrosis due to defective ILC3 responses. In this study, single-cell RNA analysis of ILCs isolated from inflamed tissues indicates that RORα perturbation led to a reduction in ILC3 lineages. Furthermore, residual Rorasg/sg ILC3s have decreased expression of key signature genes, including Rorc and activating cytokine receptors. Collectively, our data suggest that RORα plays a key role in preserving functional ILC3s by modulating their ability to integrate environmental cues to efficiently produce cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - R Wilder Scott
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Michael R Hughes
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Samuel B Shin
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - T Michael Underhill
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Fumio Takei
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
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37
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Ehrhardt K, Steck N, Kappelhoff R, Stein S, Rieder F, Gordon IO, Boyle EC, Braubach P, Overall CM, Finlay BB, Grassl GA. Persistent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Induces Protease Expression During Intestinal Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1629-1643. [PMID: 31066456 PMCID: PMC6749888 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn's disease characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and formation of scar tissue. Although many factors including cytokines and proteases contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis, the initiating mechanisms and the complex interplay between these factors remain unclear. METHODS Chronic infection of mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was used to induce intestinal fibrosis. A murine protease-specific CLIP-CHIP microarray analysis was employed to assess regulation of proteases and protease inhibitors. To confirm up- or downregulation during fibrosis, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical stainings in mouse tissue and tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro infections were used to demonstrate a direct effect of bacterial infection in the regulation of proteases. RESULTS Mice develop severe and persistent intestinal fibrosis upon chronic infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, mimicking the pathology of human disease. Microarray analyses revealed 56 up- and 40 downregulated proteases and protease inhibitors in fibrotic cecal tissue. Various matrix metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and protease inhibitors were regulated in the fibrotic tissue, 22 of which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteases demonstrated site-specific staining patterns in intestinal fibrotic tissue from mice and in tissue from human inflammatory bowel disease patients. Finally, we show in vitro that Salmonella infection directly induces protease expression in macrophages and epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that chronic Salmonella infection regulates proteases and protease inhibitors during tissue fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and therefore this model is well suited to investigating the role of proteases in intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Steck
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Stein
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany,Present affiliation: Center for Internal Medicine, I. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Address correspondence to: Guntram A. Grassl, PhD, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ()
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38
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Creyns B, Cremer J, Hoshino T, Geboes K, de Hertogh G, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, Ceuppens JL, Van Assche G, Breynaert C. Fibrogenesis in Chronic DSS Colitis is Not Influenced by Neutralisation of Regulatory T Cells, of Major T Helper Cytokines or Absence of IL-13. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10064. [PMID: 31296924 PMCID: PMC6624199 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying fibrogenesis in chronic colitis are largely unknown. There is an urgent need for clinical markers and identification of targets to prevent, treat and limit intestinal fibrosis. This study investigated the contribution of major T cell cytokines and T regulatory cells (Tregs) to inflammation and fibrosis induced in a model of experimental colitis by oral intake of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) in wild type and IL-13 knock-out C57Bl/6 mice. Inflammation and fibrosis were scored by macroscopic and histological examination and fibrosis was quantified by hydroxyproline. Numbers of Tregs and IFN-γ+, IL-13+ and IL-17A+ CD4+ T helper (Th) cells in mesenteric lymph nodes increased during chronic DSS administration and mRNA for IFN-γ and IL-17 in the inflamed colon tissue was upregulated. However, antibody-mediated neutralisation of IFN-γ or IL-17A/F in a therapeutic setting had no effect on chronic intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Antibody-mediated depletion of Tregs did not enhance fibrosis, nor did IL-13 deficiency have an effect on the fibrotic disease. These data argue against an important contribution of Tregs and of the cytokines IFN-γ, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F in the induction and/or control of fibrosis in this Crohn's disease like murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Creyns
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Karel Geboes
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert de Hertogh
- KU Leuven, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell & Tissue Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Ferrante
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Séverine Vermeire
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan L Ceuppens
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Assche
- KU Leuven, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Leuven, Belgium.,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Leuven, Belgium. .,University Hospitals Leuven, Department of General Internal Medicine, Leuven, Belgium.
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39
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Imai Y, Yasuda K, Nagai M, Kusakabe M, Kubo M, Nakanishi K, Yamanishi K. IL-33-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Inflammation in Mice Is Mediated by Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells in Concert with Basophils. J Invest Dermatol 2019; 139:2185-2194.e3. [PMID: 31121178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
IL-33 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a pivotal role in allergic disorders. In a transgenic mouse expressing IL-33 driven by a keratin-14 promoter (IL33tg), atopic dermatitis (AD)-like inflammation develops spontaneously with the activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). However, it remains unknown how effector cells, such as T helper type 2 cells, ILC2s, and basophils, contribute to the inflammatory process induced by IL-33. To address the question, we examined the phenotype of IL33tg mice lacking each of these cells. AD-like inflammation still developed in Rag2KO IL33tg mice lacking T and B cells; in contrast, when ILC2s were depleted in IL33tg mice via bone marrow transplantation from ILC2-lacking, RAR-related orphan receptor alpha-deficient mice, the development of AD-like inflammation was almost completely suppressed. Basophils were accumulated in the inflamed skin of IL33tg mice, and AD-like inflammation was alleviated by the conditional depletion of basophils using anti-FcεRIα antibodies or a Bas-TRECK transgenic mouse system. In these basophil-depleted IL33tg skins, ILC2s were decreased, and cytokines and chemokines such as IL-5, IL-13, and CCL5 were reduced. From these results, we suggest that IL-33-induced AD-like inflammation is dependent on innate immune responses that are mediated by ILC2s in concert with basophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutomo Imai
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Koubun Yasuda
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Minori Kusakabe
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masato Kubo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Research Institute for Biomedical Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory for Cytokine Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Nakanishi
- Department of Immunology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Yamanishi
- Department of Dermatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
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40
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Klepsch V, Moschen AR, Tilg H, Baier G, Hermann-Kleiter N. Nuclear Receptors Regulate Intestinal Inflammation in the Context of IBD. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1070. [PMID: 31139192 PMCID: PMC6527601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) homeostasis is strongly dependent on nuclear receptor (NR) functions. They play a variety of roles ranging from nutrient uptake, sensing of microbial metabolites, regulation of epithelial intestinal cell integrity to shaping of the intestinal immune cell repertoire. Several NRs are associated with GI pathologies; therefore, systematic analysis of NR biology, the underlying molecular mechanisms, and regulation of target genes can be expected to help greatly in uncovering the course of GI diseases. Recently, an increasing number of NRs has been validated as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Besides the classical glucocorticoids, especially PPARγ, VDR, or PXR-selective ligands are currently being tested with promising results in clinical IBD trials. Also, several pre-clinical animal studies are being performed with NRs. This review focuses on the complex biology of NRs and their context-dependent anti- or pro-inflammatory activities in the regulation of gastrointestinal barrier with special attention to NRs already pharmacologically targeted in clinic and pre-clinical IBD treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Klepsch
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander R Moschen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Natascha Hermann-Kleiter
- Translational Cell Genetics, Department of Pharmacology and Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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41
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Imai J, Kitamoto S, Sugihara K, Nagao-Kitamoto H, Hayashi A, Morhardt TL, Kuffa P, Higgins PDR, Barnich N, Kamada N. Flagellin-mediated activation of IL-33-ST2 signaling by a pathobiont promotes intestinal fibrosis. Mucosal Immunol 2019; 12:632-643. [PMID: 30742042 PMCID: PMC6462251 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a severe complication in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Unfortunately, the trigger leading to the development of intestinal fibrosis in the context of CD remains elusive. Here, we show that colonization by a CD-associated pathobiont adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) promotes the development of intestinal fibrosis. Exogenously inoculated AIEC strain LF82 and commensal E. coli HS were gradually eradicated from the intestine in healthy mice. In Salmonella- or dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis models, AIEC exploited inflammation and stably colonize the gut. Consequently, persistent colonization by AIEC LF82 led to substantial fibrosis. In contrast, commensal E. coli HS was unable to derive a growth advantage from inflammation, thereby failing to colonize the inflamed intestine or promote intestinal fibrosis. AIEC colonization potentiated the expression of the IL-33 receptor ST2 in the intestinal epithelium, which is crucial for the development of intestinal fibrosis. The induction of ST2 by AIEC LF82 was mediated by flagellin, as the ΔfliC mutant failed to induce ST2. These observations provide novel insights into pathobiont-driven intestinal fibrosis and can lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of intestinal fibrosis in the context of CD that target AIEC and/or its downstream IL-33-ST2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Imai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sho Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kohei Sugihara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hiroko Nagao-Kitamoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Atsushi Hayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Research Laboratory, Miyarisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 114-0016, Japan
| | - Tina L Morhardt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Kuffa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter D R Higgins
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nicolas Barnich
- UMR1071 Inserm/University Clermont Auvergne, INRA USC2018, M2iSH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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42
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Zeng B, Shi S, Ashworth G, Dong C, Liu J, Xing F. ILC3 function as a double-edged sword in inflammatory bowel diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:315. [PMID: 30962426 PMCID: PMC6453898 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), composed mainly of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are strongly implicated in the development of intestinal inflammation lesions. Its exact etiology and pathogenesis are still undetermined. Recently accumulating evidence supports that group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are responsible for gastrointestinal mucosal homeostasis through moderate generation of IL-22, IL-17, and GM-CSF in the physiological state. ILC3 contribute to the progression and aggravation of IBD while both IL-22 and IL-17, along with IFN-γ, are overexpressed by the dysregulation of NCR- ILC3 or NCR+ ILC3 function and the bias of NCR+ ILC3 towards ILC1 as well as regulatory ILC dysfunction in the pathological state. Herein, we feature the group 3 innate lymphoid cells' development, biological function, maintenance of gut homeostasis, mediation of IBD occurrence, and potential application to IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boning Zeng
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengnan Shi
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Jing Liu
- BioMedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, NR4 7TJ, Norwich, UK.
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Institute of Tissue Transplantation and Immunology, Department of Immunobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong, Higher Education Institutes, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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Bracamonte-Baran W, Chen G, Hou X, Talor MV, Choi HS, Davogustto G, Taegtmeyer H, Sung J, Hackam DJ, Nauen D, Čiháková D. Non-cytotoxic Cardiac Innate Lymphoid Cells Are a Resident and Quiescent Type 2-Commited Population. Front Immunol 2019; 10:634. [PMID: 30984196 PMCID: PMC6450181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are a subset of leukocytes with lymphoid properties that lack antigen specific receptors. They can be stimulated by and exert their effect via specific cytokine axes, whereas Natural Killers (NK) cells are the only known cytotoxic member of this family. ILCs are considered key in linking the innate and adaptive response in physiologic and pathologic environments. In this study, we investigated the properties of non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs in physiologic, inflammatory, and ischemic conditions. We found that in healthy humans and mice, non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs are predominantly a type 2-committed population with progenitor-like features, such as an absence of type-specific immunophenotype, intermediate GATA3 expression, and capacity to transiently express Pro-myelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger protein (PLZF) upon activation. During myocarditis and ischemia, in both human and mice, cardiac ILCs differentiated into conventional ILC2s. We found that cardiac ILCs lack IL-25 receptor and cannot become inflammatory ILC2s. We found a strong correlation between IL-33 production in the heart and the ability of cardiac ILCs to become conventional ILC2s. The main producer of IL-33 was a subset of CD29+Sca-1+ cardiac fibroblasts. ILC2 expansion and fibroblast-derived IL-33 production were significantly increased in the heart in mouse models of infarction and myocarditis. Despite its progenitor-like status in healthy hearts, cardiac ILCs were unable to become ILC1 or ILC3 in vivo and in vitro. Using adoptive transfer and parabiosis, we demonstrated that the heart, unlike other organs such as lung, cannot be infiltrated by circulating ILCs in adulthood even during cardiac inflammation or ischemia. Thus, the ILC2s present during inflammatory conditions are derived from the heart-resident and quiescent steady-state population. Non-cytotoxic cardiac ILCs are a resident population of ILC2-commited cells, with undifferentiated progenitor-like features in steady-state conditions and an ability to expand and develop pro-inflammatory type 2 features during inflammation or ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bracamonte-Baran
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Guobao Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuezhou Hou
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Monica V Talor
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hee Sun Choi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Giovanni Davogustto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jungeun Sung
- School of Medicine, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Joel Hackam
- Division of General Pediatric Surgery, Johns Hopkins University and Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Nauen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Daniela Čiháková
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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44
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Ebihara T, Taniuchi I. Transcription Factors in the Development and Function of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061377. [PMID: 30893794 PMCID: PMC6470746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are tissue-resident cells and are a major source of innate TH2 cytokine secretion upon allergen exposure or parasitic-worm infection. Accumulating studies have revealed that transcription factors, including GATA-3, Bcl11b, Gfi1, RORα, and Ets-1, play a role in ILC2 differentiation. Recent reports have further revealed that the characteristics and functions of ILC2 are influenced by the physiological state of the tissues. Specifically, the type of inflammation strongly affects the ILC2 phenotype in tissues. Inhibitory ILC2s, memory-like ILC2s, and ex-ILC2s with ILC1 features acquire their characteristic properties following exposure to their specific inflammatory environment. We have recently reported a new ILC2 population, designated as exhausted-like ILC2s, which emerges after a severe allergic inflammation. Exhausted-like ILC2s are featured with low reactivity and high expression of inhibitory receptors. Therefore, for a more comprehensive understanding of ILC2 function and differentiation, we review the recent knowledge of transcriptional regulation of ILC2 differentiation and discuss the roles of the Runx transcription factor in controlling the emergence of exhausted-like ILC2s. The concept of exhausted-like ILC2s sheds a light on a new aspect of ILC2 biology in allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ebihara
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
| | - Ichiro Taniuchi
- Laboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.
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45
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Lo BC, Shin SB, Canals Hernaez D, Refaeli I, Yu HB, Goebeler V, Cait A, Mohn WW, Vallance BA, McNagny KM. IL-22 Preserves Gut Epithelial Integrity and Promotes Disease Remission during Chronic Salmonella Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 202:956-965. [PMID: 30617224 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine IL-22 is rapidly induced at barrier surfaces where it regulates host-protective antimicrobial immunity and tissue repair but can also enhance disease severity in some chronic inflammatory settings. Using the chronic Salmonella gastroenteritis model, Ab-mediated neutralization of IL-22 impaired intestinal epithelial barrier integrity and, consequently, exaggerated expression of proinflammatory cytokines. As disease normally resolved, neutralization of IL-22 caused luminal narrowing of the cecum-a feature reminiscent of fibrotic strictures seen in Crohn disease patients. Corresponding to the exaggerated immunopathology caused by IL-22 suppression, Salmonella burdens in the gut were reduced. This enhanced inflammation and pathogen clearance was associated with alterations in gut microbiome composition, including the overgrowth of Bacteroides acidifaciens Our findings thus indicate that IL-22 plays a protective role by limiting infection-induced gut immunopathology but can also lead to persistent pathogen colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C Lo
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Samuel B Shin
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Diana Canals Hernaez
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ido Refaeli
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Hong B Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Verena Goebeler
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; and
| | - Alissa Cait
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - William W Mohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Bruce A Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3V4, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada;
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46
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Hernández PP, Strzelecka PM, Athanasiadis EI, Hall D, Robalo AF, Collins CM, Boudinot P, Levraud JP, Cvejic A. Single-cell transcriptional analysis reveals ILC-like cells in zebrafish. Sci Immunol 2018; 3:eaau5265. [PMID: 30446505 PMCID: PMC6258902 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aau5265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are important mediators of the immune response and homeostasis in barrier tissues of mammals. However, the existence and function of ILCs in other vertebrates are poorly understood. Here, we use single-cell RNA sequencing to generate a comprehensive atlas of zebrafish lymphocytes during tissue homeostasis and after immune challenge. We profiled 14,080 individual cells from the gut of wild-type zebrafish, as well as of rag1-deficient zebrafish that lack T and B cells, and discovered populations of ILC-like cells. We uncovered a rorc-positive subset of ILCs that could express cytokines associated with type 1, 2, and 3 responses upon immune challenge. Specifically, these ILC-like cells expressed il22 and tnfa after exposure to inactivated bacteria or il13 after exposure to helminth extract. Cytokine-producing ILC-like cells express a specific repertoire of novel immune-type receptors, likely involved in recognition of environmental cues. We identified additional novel markers of zebrafish ILCs and generated a cloud repository for their in-depth exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro P Hernández
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Paulina M Strzelecka
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emmanouil I Athanasiadis
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominic Hall
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ana F Robalo
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Boudinot
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaire, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages et Développement de l'Immunité, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR3738, Paris, France
| | - Ana Cvejic
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
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47
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Puente-Marin S, Nombela I, Chico V, Ciordia S, Mena MC, Coll J, Mercado L, Ortega-Villaizan MDM. Rainbow Trout Erythrocytes ex vivo Transfection With a DNA Vaccine Encoding VHSV Glycoprotein G Induces an Antiviral Immune Response. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2477. [PMID: 30429850 PMCID: PMC6220650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish red blood cells (RBCs), are integral in several biologic processes relevant to immunity, such as pathogen recognition, pathogen binding and clearance, and production of effector molecules and cytokines. So far, one of the best strategies to control and prevent viral diseases in aquaculture is DNA immunization. DNA vaccines (based on the rhabdoviral glycoprotein G [gpG] gene) have been shown to be effective against fish rhabdoviruses. However, more knowledge about the immune response triggered by DNA immunization is necessary to develop novel and more effective strategies. In this study, we investigated the role of fish RBCs in immune responses induced by DNA vaccines. We show for the first time that rainbow trout RBCs express gpG of viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) (GVHSV) when transfected with the DNA vaccine ex vivo and modulate the expression of immune genes and proteins. Functional network analysis of transcriptome profiling of RBCs expressing GVHSV revealed changes in gene expression related to G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR)-downstream signaling, complement activation, and RAR related orphan receptor α (RORA). Proteomic profile functional network analysis of GVHSV-transfected RBCs revealed proteins involved in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species, interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) antiviral mechanisms, antigen presentation of exogenous peptides, and the proteasome. Conditioned medium of GVHSV-transfected RBCs conferred antiviral protection and induced ifn1 and mx gene expression in RTG-2 cells infected with VHSV. In summary, rainbow trout nucleated RBCs could be actively participating in the regulation of the fish immune response to GVHSV DNA vaccine, and thus may represent a possible carrier cells for the development of new vaccine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Puente-Marin
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Ivan Nombela
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Veronica Chico
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Spain
| | - Sergio Ciordia
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Mena
- Unidad de Proteómica, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Coll
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias, Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mercado
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile
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48
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Rajput C, Han M, Bentley JK, Lei J, Ishikawa T, Wu Q, Hinde JL, Callear AP, Stillwell TL, Jackson WT, Martin ET, Hershenson MB. Enterovirus D68 infection induces IL-17-dependent neutrophilic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121882. [PMID: 30135310 PMCID: PMC6141171 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) shares biologic features with rhinovirus (RV). In 2014, a nationwide outbreak of EV-D68 was associated with severe asthma-like symptoms. We sought to develop a mouse model of EV-D68 infection and determine the mechanisms underlying airway disease. BALB/c mice were inoculated intranasally with EV-D68 (2014 isolate), RV-A1B, or sham, alone or in combination with anti-IL-17A or house dust mite (HDM) treatment. Like RV-A1B, lung EV-D68 viral RNA peaked 12 hours after infection. EV-D68 induced airway inflammation, expression of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12b, IL-17A, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL10, and CCL2), and airway hyperresponsiveness, which were suppressed by anti-IL-17A antibody. Neutrophilic inflammation and airway responsiveness were significantly higher after EV-D68 compared with RV-A1B infection. Flow cytometry showed increased lineage-, NKp46-, RORγt+ IL-17+ILC3s and γδ T cells in the lungs of EV-D68-treated mice compared with those in RV-treated mice. EV-D68 infection of HDM-exposed mice induced additive or synergistic increases in BAL neutrophils and eosinophils and expression of IL-17, CCL11, IL-5, and Muc5AC. Finally, patients from the 2014 epidemic period with EV-D68 showed significantly higher nasopharyngeal IL-17 mRNA levels compared with patients with RV-A infection. EV-D68 infection induces IL-17-dependent airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, which is greater than that generated by RV-A1B, consistent with the clinical picture of severe asthma-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Rajput
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mingyuan Han
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - J. Kelley Bentley
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jing Lei
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Qian Wu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joanna L. Hinde
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Amy P. Callear
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Terri L. Stillwell
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William T. Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily T. Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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49
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Mikami Y, Takada Y, Hagihara Y, Kanai T. Innate lymphoid cells in organ fibrosis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 42:27-36. [PMID: 30104153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified family of lymphoid effector cells. ILCs are mainly clustered into 3 groups based on their unique cytokine profiles and transcription factors typically attributed to the subsets of T helper cells. ILCs have a critical role in the mucosal immune response through promptly responding to pathogens and producing large amount of effector cytokines of type 1, 2, or 3 responses. In addition to the role of early immune responses against infections, ILCs, particularly group 2 ILCs (ILC2), have recently gained attention for modulating remodeling and fibrosis especially in the mucosal tissues. Herein, we overview the current knowledge in this area, highlighting roles of ILCs on fibrosis in the mucosal tissues, especially focusing on the gut and lung. We also discuss some new directions for future research by extrapolating from knowledge derived from studies on Th cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mikami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Takada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Hagihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanori Kanai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, 160-8582, Tokyo, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, 100-0004, Japan
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50
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Control of pathogens and microbiota by innate lymphoid cells. Microbes Infect 2018; 20:317-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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