1
|
Mahrokhian SH, Tostanoski LH, Vidal SJ, Barouch DH. COVID-19 vaccines: Immune correlates and clinical outcomes. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2324549. [PMID: 38517241 PMCID: PMC10962618 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2324549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe disease due to COVID-19 has declined dramatically as a result of widespread vaccination and natural immunity in the population. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that largely escape vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses, the efficacy of the original vaccines has waned and has required vaccine updating and boosting. Nevertheless, hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 have remained low. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of immune responses that contribute to population immunity and the mechanisms how vaccines attenuate COVID-19 disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shant H. Mahrokhian
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lisa H. Tostanoski
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel J. Vidal
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu S, van Dijk LLA, den Hartog Y, Hoek R, Verschuuren E, Geurtsvankessel CH, de Vries RD, Van Baarle D, Buter CVL. mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination of lung transplant recipients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection induces durable SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T cells. Vaccine 2024; 42:126250. [PMID: 39226789 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Lung transplant recipients (LTRs) are particularly at risk of developing severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), but are also difficult to protect by vaccination due to their immunocompromised state. Here, we investigated the immunogenicity of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in LTRs who had a prior natural SARS-CoV-2 infection. At a median of 184 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, LTRs were vaccinated twice with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, with a 28-day interval. Blood samples were obtained pre-vaccination, 28 days after the first dose, and 28 days and 6 months after the second dose. Spike (S-) and nucleocapsid (N-) specific antibodies were measured, as well as neutralization of the ancestral and Omicron BA.5 variant. S-specific T cell responses were evaluated using IFN-γ ELISpot,IGRA, and activation markers by flow cytometry. Phenotyping of T cells was performed by using high-resolution spectral flow cytometry. Most LTRs with prior infection had detectable S-specific antibodies and T cells at baseline. After the first vaccination, S-specific antibody levels increased significantly; an additional increase was observed after the second vaccination. N-specific antibodies decreased during the study period, indicative of the fact that no further breakthrough infections occurred. An increase in IFN-γ producing T cells was observed after the first vaccination, but no additional boost could be detected after the second vaccination. Antibody levels and virus-specific T cell responses remained significantly higher compared to pre-vaccination levels at 6 months post-vaccination, indicating an additive and durable effect of vaccination after infection in LTRs. Neutralizing antibodies were detected against the ancestral strain and retained cross-reactivity with Omicron BA.5, albeit at lower levels. Moreover, the quantity and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific T cells were similar in LTRs compared to controls with hybrid immunity. In conclusion, mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines are immunogenic in LTRs with prior immunity, and antibody and T cell responses are durable up to 6 months post-vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura L A van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette den Hartog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rogier Hoek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Verschuuren
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Debbie Van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Coretta Van Leer Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hojo-Souza NS, de Castro JT, Rivelli GG, Azevedo PO, Oliveira ER, Faustino LP, Salazar N, Bagno FF, Carvalho AF, Rattis B, Lourenço KL, Gomes IP, Assis BRD, Piccin M, Fonseca FG, Durigon E, Silva JS, de Souza RP, Goulart GAC, Santiago H, Fernandes APS, Teixeira SR, Gazzinelli RT. SpiN-Tec: A T cell-based recombinant vaccine that is safe, immunogenic, and shows high efficacy in experimental models challenged with SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Vaccine 2024; 42:126394. [PMID: 39368129 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern associated with waning immunity induced by natural infection or vaccines currently in use suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic will become endemic. Investing in new booster vaccines using different platforms is a promising way to enhance protection and keep the disease under control. Here, we evaluated the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of the SpiN-Tec vaccine, based on a chimeric recombinant protein (SpiN) adjuvanted with CTVad1 (MF59-based adjuvant), aiming at boosting immunity against variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2. Immunization of K18-hACE-2 transgenic mice and hamsters induced high antibody titers and cellular immune response to the SpiN protein as well as to its components, RBD and N proteins. Importantly in a heterologous prime/boost protocol with a COVID-19 vaccine approved for emergency use (ChAdOx1), SpiN-Tec enhanced the level of circulation neutralizing antibodies (nAb). In addition to protection against the Wuhan isolate, protection against the Delta and Omicron variants was also observed as shown by reduced viral load and lung pathology. Toxicity and safety tests performed in rats demonstrated that the SpiN-Tec vaccine was safe and, based on these results, the SpiN-Tec phase I/II clinical trial was approved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natália S Hojo-Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil
| | - Júlia T de Castro
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil; Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graziella G Rivelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrick O Azevedo
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil
| | | | - Lídia P Faustino
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil
| | - Natália Salazar
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia F Bagno
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alex F Carvalho
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rattis
- Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karine L Lourenço
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela P Gomes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna R D Assis
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariela Piccin
- Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio G Fonseca
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Edison Durigon
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João S Silva
- Plataforma Bi-Institucional de Pesquisa em Medicina Translacional, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan P de Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gisele A C Goulart
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Helton Santiago
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula S Fernandes
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Santuza R Teixeira
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ricardo T Gazzinelli
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Minas, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Simayi A, Chen Y, Chu J, Yu H, Zhang S, Bao C, Zhu F, Jin H, Qin Y, Zhen Q, Liu Y, Zhu L. Ad5-nCoV boosted vaccine and reinfection-induced memory T/B cell responses and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2: based on two prospective cohorts. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024:2412619. [PMID: 39360715 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2412619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
AbstractHere, we regularly followed SARS-CoV-2 infected cohorts to investigate the combined effects of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) and B and T cell profiles during the convalescent period. Ten participants infected with SARS-CoV-2 in December 2022 were selected to assess the effects of an inhaled adenovirus type 5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) booster on B cells and humoral immunity. To evaluate T cell responses, eight primary and 20 reinfection participants were included. Blood samples from all 38 participants were collected at 1-, 2-, and 6-months post-infection. The assays included single B cell technology, activation-induced marker (AIM) assays, and pseudovirus neutralization. In the first cohort, eighteen monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with neutralizing activity from memory B cells (MBC) against SARS-CoV-2 mutants were obtained by high throughput single-B-cell cloning method, which lasted from 1- month to 6- month post infection. The overall number of mAbs from MBC in the inhaled Ad5-nCoV-boosted immunization group was higher than that in the non-boosted immunization group at 2-, and 6-months post-infection. In the second cohort, circulating T follicular helper cells (cTfh) and AIM + CD4 + T cells increased over time in the reinfection group (P < 0.05). The serum NAb levels against XBB.1.22, EG.5.1, and JN.1 in the primary infection group tended to increase from the post 1-month to 2-month infection (P < 0.05). In both cohorts, serum NAb titers showed significant immune escape, while cTfh and AIM + CD4 + T cells in the second cohort essentially showed no immune escape to new strains (including XBB, EG.5) during the six-month follow-up period. AIM + CD4 + T cells against BA.5 and EG.5 were strongly negatively correlated with the time to viral clearance in the reinfected group after months of 6M infection. The broader significance of this study was to comprehensively assess the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 boosted immunization and reinfection-induced generation of T/B cell immune memories in preventing reinfection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aidibai Simayi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing
| | - Jinjin Chu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Huiyan Yu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Health Emergency, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanfang Qin
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhen
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing
| | - Liguo Zhu
- Department of Acute Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Enteric Pathogenic Microbiology, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology in Emerging Major Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fryer HA, Geers D, Gommers L, Zaeck LM, Tan NH, Jones-Freeman B, Goorhuis A, Postma DF, Visser LG, Hogarth PM, Koopmans MPG, GeurtsvanKessel CH, O'Hehir RE, van der Kuy PHM, de Vries RD, van Zelm MC. Fourth dose bivalent COVID-19 vaccines outperform monovalent boosters in eliciting cross-reactive memory B cells to Omicron subvariants. J Infect 2024; 89:106246. [PMID: 39127451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Bivalent COVID-19 vaccines comprising ancestral Wuhan-Hu-1 (WH1) and the Omicron BA.1 or BA.5 subvariant elicit enhanced serum antibody responses to emerging Omicron subvariants. Here, we characterized the RBD-specific memory B cell (Bmem) response following a fourth dose with a BA.1 or BA.5 bivalent vaccine, in direct comparison with a WH1 monovalent fourth dose. Healthcare workers previously immunized with mRNA or adenoviral vector monovalent vaccines were sampled before and one month after a fourth dose with a monovalent or a BA.1 or BA.5 bivalent vaccine. Serum neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were quantified, as well as RBD-specific Bmem with an in-depth spectral flow cytometry panel including recombinant RBD proteins of the WH1, BA.1, BA.5, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1.5 variants. Both bivalent vaccines elicited higher NAb titers against Omicron subvariants compared to the monovalent vaccine. Following either vaccine type, recipients had slightly increased WH1 RBD-specific Bmem numbers. Both bivalent vaccines significantly increased WH1 RBD-specific Bmem binding of all Omicron subvariants tested by flow cytometry, while recognition of Omicron subvariants was not enhanced following monovalent vaccination. IgG1+ Bmem dominated the response, with substantial IgG4+ Bmem only detected in recipients of an mRNA vaccine for their primary dose. Thus, Omicron-based bivalent vaccines can significantly boost NAb and Bmem specific for ancestral WH1 and Omicron variants and improve recognition of descendent subvariants by pre-existing, WH1-specific Bmem beyond that of a monovalent vaccine. This provides new insights into the capacity of variant-based mRNA booster vaccines to improve immune memory against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and potentially protect against severe disease. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY: Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 bivalent COVID-19 boosters, used as a fourth dose, increase RBD-specific Bmem cross-recognition of Omicron subvariants, both those encoded by the vaccines and antigenically distinct subvariants, further than a monovalent booster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Fryer
- Dept. Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daryl Geers
- Dept. Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Dept. Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luca M Zaeck
- Dept. Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ngoc H Tan
- Dept. Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bernadette Jones-Freeman
- Dept. Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Postma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Dept. Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Dept. Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Robyn E O'Hehir
- Dept. Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - P Hugo M van der Kuy
- Dept. Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Dept. Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Dept. Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology Service, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Dept. Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Braun A, Rowntree LC, Huang Z, Pandey K, Thuesen N, Li C, Petersen J, Littler DR, Raji S, Nguyen THO, Jappe Lange E, Persson G, Schantz Klausen M, Kringelum J, Chung S, Croft NP, Faridi P, Ayala R, Rossjohn J, Illing PT, Scull KE, Ramarathinam S, Mifsud NA, Kedzierska K, Sørensen AB, Purcell AW. Mapping the immunopeptidome of seven SARS-CoV-2 antigens across common HLA haplotypes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7547. [PMID: 39214998 PMCID: PMC11364864 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51959-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Most COVID-19 vaccines elicit immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. However, Spike protein mutations in emerging strains and immune evasion by the SARS-CoV-2 virus demonstrates the need to develop more broadly targeting vaccines. To facilitate this, we use mass spectrometry to identify immunopeptides derived from seven relatively conserved structural and non-structural SARS-CoV-2 proteins (N, E, Nsp1/4/5/8/9). We use two different B-lymphoblastoid cell lines to map Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) class I and class II immunopeptidomes covering some of the prevalent HLA types across the global human population. We employ DNA plasmid transfection and direct antigen delivery approaches to sample different antigens and find 248 unique HLA class I and HLA class II bound peptides with 71 derived from N, 12 from E, 28 from Nsp1, 19 from Nsp4, 73 from Nsp8 and 45 peptides derived from Nsp9. Over half of the viral peptides are unpublished. T cell reactivity tested against 56 of the detected peptides shows CD8+ and CD4+ T cell responses against several peptides from the N, E, and Nsp9 proteins. Results from this study will aid the development of next-generation COVID vaccines targeting epitopes from across a number of SARS-CoV-2 proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asolina Braun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziyi Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kirti Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Chen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dene R Littler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Shabana Raji
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Shanzou Chung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nathan P Croft
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Pouya Faridi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rochelle Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Patricia T Illing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine E Scull
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sri Ramarathinam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Anthony W Purcell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou H, Leng P, Wang Y, Yang K, Li C, Ojcius DM, Wang P, Jiang S. Development of T cell antigen-based human coronavirus vaccines against nAb-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:2456-2470. [PMID: 38942698 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Currently approved vaccines have been successful in preventing the severity of COVID-19 and hospitalization. These vaccines primarily induce humoral immune responses; however, highly transmissible and mutated variants, such as the Omicron variant, weaken the neutralization potential of the vaccines, thus, raising serious concerns about their efficacy. Additionally, while neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) tend to wane more rapidly than cell-mediated immunity, long-lasting T cells typically prevent severe viral illness by directly killing infected cells or aiding other immune cells. Importantly, T cells are more cross-reactive than antibodies, thus, highly mutated variants are less likely to escape lasting broadly cross-reactive T cell immunity. Therefore, T cell antigen-based human coronavirus (HCoV) vaccines with the potential to serve as a supplementary weapon to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with resistance to nAbs are urgently needed. Alternatively, T cell antigens could also be included in B cell antigen-based vaccines to strengthen vaccine efficacy. This review summarizes recent advancements in research and development of vaccines containing T cell antigens or both T and B cell antigens derived from proteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants and/or other HCoVs based on different vaccine platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Ping Leng
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kaiwen Yang
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chen Li
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - David M Ojcius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of the Pacific, Arthur Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministry of Education/Ministry of Health/Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shahbazi E, Moradi A, Mollasalehi H, Mohebbi SR. Unravelling the diagnostic methodologies for SARS-CoV-2; the Indispensable need for developing point-of-care testing. Talanta 2024; 275:126139. [PMID: 38696900 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused COVID-19 pandemic that continues to be a global menace and since its emergence in the late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has been vigorously spreading throughout the globe putting the whole world into a multidimensional calamity. The suitable diagnosis strategies are on the front line of the battle against preventing the spread of infections. Since the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is shared between various diseases, detection of the unique impacts of the pathogen on the host along with the diagnosis of the virus itself should be addressed. Employing the most suitable approaches to specifically, sensitively and effectively recognize the infected cases may be a real game changer in controlling the outbreak and the crisis management. In that matter, point-of-care assays (POC) appears to be the potential option, due to sensitivity, specificity, affordable, and availability. Here we brief the most recent findings about the virus, its variants, and the conventional methods that have been used for its detection, along with the POC strategies that have been applied to the virus diagnosis and the developing technologies which can accelerate the diagnosis procedure yet maintain its efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Shahbazi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Moradi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Mollasalehi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Reza Mohebbi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Verheul MK, Kaczorowska J, Hofstee MI, Schepp RM, Smits GP, Wessels Beljaars D, Kuijer M, Schuin W, Middelhof I, Wong D, van Hagen CCE, Vos ERA, Nicolaie MA, de Melker HE, van Binnendijk RS, van der Klis FRM, den Hartog G. Protective mucosal SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the majority of the general population in the Netherlands. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:554-564. [PMID: 38553008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 on the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract are understood to contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to describe the prevalence, levels, and functionality of mucosal antibodies in the general Dutch population. Nasal samples were collected from 778 randomly selected participants, 1-90 years of age, nested within the nationwide prospective SARS-CoV-2 PIENTER corona serosurvey in the Netherlands. Spike-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G was detected in the nasal samples of 94.6% (in case of the wild-type S1 variant) and 94.9% (Omicron BA.1) of the individuals, whereas 44.2% and 62.7% of the individuals were positive for wild-type and Omicron BA.1 S1 IgA, respectively. The lowest prevalence of mucosal antibodies was observed in children under 12 years of age. The prevalence and levels of IgA and IgG were higher in individuals with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mucosal antibodies inhibited the binding of Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 receptor binding domain to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in 94.4%, 95.4%, and 92.6% of the participants, respectively. Higher levels of mucosal antibodies were associated with a lower risk of future infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marije K Verheul
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kaczorowska
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes I Hofstee
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger M Schepp
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gaby P Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dewi Wessels Beljaars
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Kuijer
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Schuin
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Irene Middelhof
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Wong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Cheyenne C E van Hagen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Eric R A Vos
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Alina Nicolaie
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Hester E de Melker
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology and Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robert S van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona R M van der Klis
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ishihara Y, Naruse H, Fujigaki H, Murakami R, Ando T, Sakurai K, Uehara K, Shimomae K, Sakaguchi E, Hattori H, Sarai M, Ishii J, Fujii R, Ito H, Saito K, Izawa H. Humoral and Cellular Response Induced by Primary Series and Booster Doses of mRNA Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:786. [PMID: 39066424 PMCID: PMC11281625 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a pivotal risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We investigated the longitudinal (over 1 year and 9 months) humoral and cellular responses to primary series and booster doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in patients with CVD. Twenty-six patients with CVD who received monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines were enrolled in this study. Peripheral blood samples were serially drawn nine times from each patient. IgG against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interferon-γ-releasing cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides were measured using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The RBD-IgG titers increased 2 weeks after the primary series and booster vaccination and waned 6 months after vaccination. The S1-specific T cell responses in patients aged < 75 years were favorable before and after booster doses; however, the Omicron BA.1-specific T cell responses were poor. These results suggest that regular vaccination is useful to maintain long-term antibody levels and has implications for booster dose strategies in patients with CVD. Additional booster doses, including Omicron variant-adapted mRNA vaccines, may be recommended for patients with CVD, regardless of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Ishihara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyuki Naruse
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Reiko Murakami
- Institute for Glyco-Core Research, Gifu University, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Tatsuya Ando
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kouhei Sakurai
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Komei Uehara
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Koki Shimomae
- Department of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University Graduate of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Eirin Sakaguchi
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Hidekazu Hattori
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (E.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Masayoshi Sarai
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Junnichi Ishii
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| | - Ryosuke Fujii
- Department of Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Hiroyasu Ito
- Department of Joint Research Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (T.A.); (K.S.); (H.I.)
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Department of Advanced Diagnostic System Development, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (H.F.); (K.S.)
| | - Hideo Izawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.S.); (J.I.); (H.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rizvi ZA, Sadhu S, Dandotiya J, Sharma P, Binayke A, Singh V, Das V, Khatri R, Kumar R, Samal S, Kalia M, Awasthi A. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces thymic atrophy mediated by IFN-γ in hACE2 transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350624. [PMID: 38655818 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Pathogenic infections cause thymic atrophy, perturb thymic T-cell development, and alter immunological response. Previous studies reported dysregulated T-cell function and lymphopenia in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, immunopathological changes in the thymus associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have not been elucidated. Here, we report that SARS-CoV-2 infects thymocytes, and induces CD4+CD8+ (double positive; DP) T-cell apoptosis leading to thymic atrophy and loss of peripheral TCR repertoire in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice. Infected thymus led to increased CD44+CD25- T-cells, indicating an early arrest in the T-cell maturation pathway. Thymic atrophy was notably higher in male hACE2-Tg mice than in females and involved an upregulated de-novo synthesis pathway of thymic glucocorticoid. Further, IFN-γ was crucial for thymic atrophy, as anti-IFN-γ -antibody neutralization blunted thymic involution. Therapeutic use of Remdesivir also rescued thymic atrophy. While the Omicron variant and its sub-lineage BA.5 variant caused marginal thymic atrophy, the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited severe thymic atrophy characterized by severely depleted DP T-cells. Recently characterized broadly SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing monoclonal antibody P4A2 was able to rescue thymic atrophy and restore the thymic maturation pathway of T-cells. Together, we report SARS-CoV-2-associated thymic atrophy resulting from impaired T-cell maturation pathway which may contribute to dyregulated T cell response during COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaigham Abbas Rizvi
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Srikanth Sadhu
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Jyotsna Dandotiya
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Puja Sharma
- Regional Centre Biotechnology, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Akshay Binayke
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Virendra Singh
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Vinayaka Das
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Khatri
- Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sweety Samal
- Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Manjula Kalia
- Regional Centre Biotechnology, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immuno-biology Lab, Infection and Immunology Centre, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
- Immunology-Core Lab, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR-Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Streng BMM, Van Coillie J, Wildenbeest JG, Binnendijk RS, Smits G, den Hartog G, Wang W, Nouta J, Linty F, Visser R, Wuhrer M, Vidarsson G, Bont LJ. IgG1 glycosylation highlights premature aging in Down syndrome. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14167. [PMID: 38616780 PMCID: PMC11258452 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by lowered immune competence and premature aging. We previously showed decreased antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in adults with DS. IgG1 Fc glycosylation patterns are known to affect the effector function of IgG and are associated with aging. Here, we compare total and anti-spike (S) IgG1 glycosylation patterns following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in DS and healthy controls (HC). Total and anti-Spike IgG1 Fc N-glycan glycoprofiles were measured in non-exposed adults with DS and controls before and after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) of Fc glycopeptides. We recruited N = 44 patients and N = 40 controls. We confirmed IgG glycosylation patterns associated with aging in HC and showed premature aging in DS. In DS, we found decreased galactosylation (50.2% vs. 59.0%) and sialylation (6.7% vs. 8.5%) as well as increased fucosylation (97.0% vs. 94.6%) of total IgG. Both cohorts showed similar bisecting GlcNAc of total and anti-S IgG1 with age. In contrast, anti-S IgG1 of DS and HC showed highly comparable glycosylation profiles 28 days post vaccination. The IgG1 glycoprofile in DS exhibits strong premature aging. The combination of an early decrease in IgG1 Fc galactosylation and sialylation and increase in fucosylation is predicted to reduce complement activity and decrease FcγRIII binding and subsequent activation, respectively. The altered glycosylation patterns, combined with decreased antibody concentrations, help us understand the susceptibility to severe infections in DS. The effect of premature aging highlights the need for individuals with DS to receive tailored vaccines and/or vaccination schedules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M. M. Streng
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Julie Van Coillie
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Joanne G. Wildenbeest
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Rob S. Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and VaccinesNational Institute of Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and VaccinesNational Institute of Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and VaccinesNational Institute of Public Health and the EnvironmentBilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Nouta
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Federica Linty
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Remco Visser
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdam University Medical Center, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Louis J. Bont
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Brostoff T, Savage HP, Jackson KA, Dutra JC, Fontaine JH, Hartigan-O’Connor DJ, Carney RP, Pesavento PA. Feline Infectious Peritonitis mRNA Vaccine Elicits Both Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:705. [PMID: 39066343 PMCID: PMC11281389 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a devastating and often fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV). Currently, there is no widely used vaccine for FIP, and many attempts using a variety of platforms have been largely unsuccessful due to the disease's highly complicated pathogenesis. One such complication is antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) seen in FIP, which occurs when sub-neutralizing antibody responses to viral surface proteins paradoxically enhance disease. A novel vaccine strategy is presented here that can overcome the risk of ADE by instead using a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding the transcript for the internal structural nucleocapsid (N) FCoV protein. Both wild type and, by introduction of silent mutations, GC content-optimized mRNA vaccines targeting N were developed. mRNA durability in vitro was characterized by quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and protein expression by immunofluorescence assay for one week after transfection of cultured feline cells. Both mRNA durability and protein production in vitro were improved with the GC-optimized construct as compared to wild type. Immune responses were assayed by looking at N-specific humoral (by ELISA) and stimulated cytotoxic T cell (by flow cytometry) responses in a proof-of-concept mouse vaccination study. These data together demonstrate that an LNP-mRNA FIP vaccine targeting FCoV N is stable in vitro, capable of eliciting an immune response in mice, and provides justification for beginning safety and efficacy trials in cats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terza Brostoff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.P.S.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.P.)
| | - Hannah P. Savage
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.P.S.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.P.)
| | - Kenneth A. Jackson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.P.S.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.P.)
| | - Joseph C. Dutra
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.C.D.); (J.H.F.); (D.J.H.-O.)
| | - Justin H. Fontaine
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.C.D.); (J.H.F.); (D.J.H.-O.)
| | - Dennis J. Hartigan-O’Connor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (J.C.D.); (J.H.F.); (D.J.H.-O.)
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Patricia A. Pesavento
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (H.P.S.); (K.A.J.); (P.A.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang X, Zhang J, Liu M, Guo Y, Guo P, Yang X, Shang B, Li M, Tian J, Zhang T, Wang X, Jin R, Zhou J, Gao GF, Liu J. Nonconserved epitopes dominate reverse preexisting T cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescents. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:160. [PMID: 38866784 PMCID: PMC11169541 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01876-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is continuously consolidated across the world during the ongoing pandemic. However, the potential function of the nonconserved epitopes in the reverse preexisting cross-reactivity induced by SARS-CoV-2 to other human coronaviruses is not well explored. In our research, we assessed T cell responses to both conserved and nonconserved peptides shared by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, identifying cross-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes using enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. Then, in vitro refolding and circular dichroism were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the HLA/peptide complexes. Lastly, single-cell T cell receptor reservoir was analyzed based on tetramer staining. Here, we discovered that cross-reactive T cells targeting SARS-CoV were present in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, and identified SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cell epitopes spanning the major structural antigens. T cell responses induced by the nonconserved peptides between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were higher and played a dominant role in the cross-reactivity in COVID-19 convalescents. Cross-T cell reactivity was also observed within the identified series of CD8+ T cell epitopes. For representative immunodominant peptide pairs, although the HLA binding capacities for peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were similar, the TCR repertoires recognizing these peptides were distinct. Our results could provide beneficial information for the development of peptide-based universal vaccines against coronaviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Maoshun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bingli Shang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jinmin Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Ronghua Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
- Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, China
- National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, P.R. China
| | - Jikun Zhou
- Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - George F Gao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, Research Unit of Adaptive Evolution and Control of Emerging Viruses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), Beijing, 102206, China.
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aguilar-Bretones M, den Hartog Y, van Dijk LLA, Malahe SRK, Dieterich M, Mora HT, Mueller YM, Koopmans MPG, Reinders MEJ, Baan CC, van Nierop GP, de Vries RD. SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses converge in kidney disease patients and controls with hybrid immunity. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:93. [PMID: 38806532 PMCID: PMC11133345 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy individuals with hybrid immunity, due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to first vaccination, have stronger immune responses compared to those who were exclusively vaccinated. However, little is known about the characteristics of antibody, B- and T-cell responses in kidney disease patients with hybrid immunity. Here, we explored differences between kidney disease patients and controls with hybrid immunity after asymptomatic or mild coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). We studied the kinetics, magnitude, breadth and phenotype of SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses against primary mRNA-1273 vaccination in patients with chronic kidney disease or on dialysis, kidney transplant recipients, and controls with hybrid immunity. Although vaccination alone is less immunogenic in kidney disease patients, mRNA-1273 induced a robust immune response in patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In contrast, kidney disease patients with hybrid immunity develop SARS-CoV-2 antibody, B- and T-cell responses that are equally strong or stronger than controls. Phenotypic analysis showed that Spike (S)-specific B-cells varied between groups in lymph node-homing and memory phenotypes, yet S-specific T-cell responses were phenotypically consistent across groups. The heterogeneity amongst immune responses in hybrid immune kidney patients warrants further studies in larger cohorts to unravel markers of long-term protection that can be used for the design of targeted vaccine regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yvette den Hartog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L A van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Reshwan K Malahe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Héctor Tejeda Mora
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chen J, Chen C, Yuan L, Chen Y, Wang X, Tang N, Wei D, Ye X, Xia N, Chen Y. Intranasal influenza-vectored COVID-19 vaccines confer broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 XBB variants in hamsters. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae183. [PMID: 38800610 PMCID: PMC11118774 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The XBB.1.5 subvariant has garnered significant attention due to its exceptional immune evasion and transmissibility. Significantly, the evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 has shown continual progression, with a recent global shift observed from XBB to BA.2.86, exemplified by the emergence of the predominant JN.1 subvariant. This phenomenon highlights the need for vaccines that can provide broad-spectrum antigenic coverage. In this study, we utilized a NS1-deleted (dNS1) influenza viral vector to engineer an updated live-attenuated vectored vaccine called dNS1-XBB-RBD. This vaccine encodes the receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of the XBB.1.5 strain. Our findings demonstrate that the dNS1-XBB-RBD vaccine elicits a similar systemic and mucosal immune response compared to its prototypic form, dNS1-RBD. In hamsters, the dNS1-XBB-RBD vaccine provided robust protection against the SARS-CoV-2 immune-evasive strains XBB.1.9.2.1 and Beta. Remarkably, nasal vaccination with dNS1-RBD, which encodes the ancestor RBD gene, also effectively protected hamsters against both the XBB.1.9.2.1 and Beta strains. These results provide valuable insights about nasal influenza-vectored vaccine and present a promising strategy for the development of a broad-spectrum vaccine against COVID-19 in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Congjie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lunzhi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yaode Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ningxin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Dongmei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xiangzhong Ye
- Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Ltd., No.31, Kexueyuan Road, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biologic Products, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, Xiamen University, No.4221, Xiang'an South Road, Xiang'an District, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhuang Z, Zhuo J, Yuan Y, Chen Z, Zhang S, Zhu A, Zhao J, Zhao J. Harnessing T-Cells for Enhanced Vaccine Development against Viral Infections. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:478. [PMID: 38793729 PMCID: PMC11125924 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant strides in vaccine research and the availability of vaccines for many infectious diseases, the threat posed by both known and emerging infectious diseases persists. Moreover, breakthrough infections following vaccination remain a concern. Therefore, the development of novel vaccines is imperative. These vaccines must exhibit robust protective efficacy, broad-spectrum coverage, and long-lasting immunity. One promising avenue in vaccine development lies in leveraging T-cells, which play a crucial role in adaptive immunity and regulate immune responses during viral infections. T-cell recognition can target highly variable or conserved viral proteins, and memory T-cells offer the potential for durable immunity. Consequently, T-cell-based vaccines hold promise for advancing vaccine development efforts. This review delves into the latest research advancements in T-cell-based vaccines across various platforms and discusses the associated challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianfen Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Yaochang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, China; (Z.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.Y.); (Z.C.); (S.Z.); (A.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Guangzhou National Laboratory, Guangzhou 510005, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
van Leeuwen LPM, Grobben M, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Ellerbroek PM, de Bree GJ, Potjewijd J, Rutgers A, Jolink H, van de Veerdonk FL, van Gils MJ, de Vries RD, Dalm VASH. Immunogenicity of COVID-19 booster vaccination in IEI patients and their one year clinical follow-up after start of the COVID-19 vaccination program. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1390022. [PMID: 38698851 PMCID: PMC11063285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1390022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have demonstrated that the majority of patients with an inborn error of immunity (IEI) develop a spike (S)-specific IgG antibody and T-cell response after two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine, but little is known about the response to a booster vaccination. We studied the immune responses 8 weeks after booster vaccination with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines in 171 IEI patients. Moreover, we evaluated the clinical outcomes in these patients one year after the start of the Dutch COVID-19 vaccination campaign. Methods This study was embedded in a large prospective multicenter study investigating the immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA-based vaccines in IEI (VACOPID study). Blood samples were taken from 244 participants 8 weeks after booster vaccination. These participants included 171 IEI patients (X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA;N=11), combined immunodeficiency (CID;N=4), common variable immunodeficiency (CVID;N=45), isolated or undefined antibody deficiencies (N=108) and phagocyte defects (N=3)) and 73 controls. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses were evaluated. One year after the start of the COVID-19 vaccination program, 334 study participants (239 IEI patients and 95 controls) completed a questionnaire to supplement their clinical data focusing on SARS-CoV-2 infections. Results After booster vaccination, S-specific IgG titers increased in all COVID-19 naive IEI cohorts and controls, when compared to titers at 6 months after the priming regimen. The fold-increases did not differ between controls and IEI cohorts. SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses also increased equally in all cohorts after booster vaccination compared to 6 months after the priming regimen. Most SARS-CoV-2 infections during the study period occurred in the period when the Omicron variant had become dominant. The clinical course of these infections was mild, although IEI patients experienced more frequent fever and dyspnea compared to controls and their symptoms persisted longer. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that mRNA-based booster vaccination induces robust recall of memory B-cell and T-cell responses in most IEI patients. One-year clinical follow-up demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infections in IEI patients were mild. Given our results, we support booster campaigns with newer variant-specific COVID-19 booster vaccines to IEI patients with milder phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Travel Clinic, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Pauline M. Ellerbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Judith Potjewijd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Clinical Immunology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hetty Jolink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Frank L. van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Campagna R, Dominelli F, Zingaropoli MA, Ciurluini F, Grilli G, Amoroso A, De Domenico A, Amatore D, Lia MS, Cortesi E, Picone V, Mastroianni CM, Ciardi MR, De Santis R, Lista F, Antonelli G, Turriziani O. COVID-19 vaccination in cancer patients: Immune responses one year after the third dose. Vaccine 2024; 42:2687-2694. [PMID: 38499458 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer patients (CPs), being immunosuppressed due to the treatment received or to the disease itself, are more susceptible to infections and their potential complications, showing therefore an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 compared to the general population. We evaluated the immune responses to anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with solid tumors one year after the administration of the third dose and the effect of cancer treatment on vaccine immunogenicity was assessed. Healthy donors (HDs) were enrolled. Binding and neutralizing antibody (Ab) titers were evaluated using chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) respectively. T-cell response was analyzed using multiparametric flow cytometry. CPs who were administered three vaccine doses showed lower Ab titers than CPs with four doses and HDs. Overall, a lower cell-mediated response was found in CPs, with a predominance of monofunctional T-cells producing TNFα. Lower Ab titers and a weaker T-cell response were observed in CPs without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection when compared to those with a previous infection. While no differences in the humoral response were found comparing immunotherapy and non-immunotherapy patients, a stronger T-cell response in CPs treated with immunotherapy was observed. Our results emphasize the need of booster doses in cancer patients to achieve a level of protection similar to that observed in healthy donors and underlines the importance of considering the treatment received to reach a proper immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Campagna
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 33, 000185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Dominelli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Antonella Zingaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Ciurluini
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia Grilli
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | - Enrico Cortesi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Picone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudio Maria Mastroianni
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosa Ciardi
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo De Santis
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Florigio Lista
- Defence Institute for Biomedical Sciences, 00184 Rome, Italy.
| | - Guido Antonelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 33, 000185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Ombretta Turriziani
- Department of Molecular Medicine Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell'Università, 33, 000185 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sheetikov SA, Khmelevskaya AA, Zornikova KV, Zvyagin IV, Shomuradova AS, Serdyuk YV, Shakirova NT, Peshkova IO, Titov A, Romaniuk DS, Shagina IA, Chudakov DM, Kiryukhin DO, Shcherbakova OV, Khamaganova EG, Dzutseva V, Afanasiev A, Bogolyubova AV, Efimov GA. Clonal structure and the specificity of vaccine-induced T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369436. [PMID: 38629062 PMCID: PMC11018901 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus vaccines, particularly the COVID-19 Ad5-nCoV adenovirus vaccine, have emerged as promising tools in the fight against infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the structure of the T cell response to the Spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus used in the COVID-19 Ad5-nCoV adenoviral vaccine in a phase 3 clinical trial (NCT04540419). In 69 participants, we collected peripheral blood samples at four time points after vaccination or placebo injection. Sequencing of T cell receptor repertoires from Spike-stimulated T cell cultures at day 14 from 17 vaccinated revealed a more diverse CD4+ T cell repertoire compared to CD8+. Nevertheless, CD8+ clonotypes accounted for more than half of the Spike-specific repertoire. Our longitudinal analysis showed a peak T cell response at day 14, followed by a decline until month 6. Remarkably, multiple T cell clonotypes persisted for at least 6 months after vaccination, as demonstrated by ex vivo stimulation. Examination of CDR3 regions revealed homologous sequences in both CD4+ and CD8+ clonotypes, with major CD8+ clonotypes sharing high similarity with annotated sequences specific for the NYNYLYRLF peptide, suggesting potential immunodominance. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the immunogenicity of the Ad5-nCoV adenoviral vaccine and highlights its ability to induce robust and durable T cell responses. These findings provide valuable insight into the efficacy of the vaccine against COVID-19 and provide critical information for ongoing efforts to control infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saveliy A. Sheetikov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra A. Khmelevskaya
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ksenia V. Zornikova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Zvyagin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Shomuradova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yana V. Serdyuk
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Naina T. Shakirova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia O. Peshkova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Titov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitrii S. Romaniuk
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Shagina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Chudakov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Genomics of Adaptive Immunity Department, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
| | - Dmitry O. Kiryukhin
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Shcherbakova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina G. Khamaganova
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vitalina Dzutseva
- Novosibirsk State University, Medical School, Novosibirsk, Russia
- NPO Petrovax Pharm LLC, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Grigory A. Efimov
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, National Medical Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fumagalli V, Ravà M, Marotta D, Di Lucia P, Bono EB, Giustini L, De Leo F, Casalgrandi M, Monteleone E, Mouro V, Malpighi C, Perucchini C, Grillo M, De Palma S, Donnici L, Marchese S, Conti M, Muramatsu H, Perlman S, Pardi N, Kuka M, De Francesco R, Bianchi ME, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M. Antibody-independent protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge conferred by prior infection or vaccination. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:633-643. [PMID: 38486021 PMCID: PMC11003867 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Vaccines have reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) morbidity and mortality, yet emerging variants challenge their effectiveness. The prevailing approach to updating vaccines targets the antibody response, operating under the presumption that it is the primary defense mechanism following vaccination or infection. This perspective, however, can overlook the role of T cells, particularly when antibody levels are low or absent. Here we show, through studies in mouse models lacking antibodies but maintaining functional B cells and lymphoid organs, that immunity conferred by prior infection or mRNA vaccination can protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge independently of antibodies. Our findings, using three distinct models inclusive of a novel human/mouse ACE2 hybrid, highlight that CD8+ T cells are essential for combating severe infections, whereas CD4+ T cells contribute to managing milder cases, with interferon-γ having an important function in this antibody-independent defense. These findings highlight the importance of T cell responses in vaccine development, urging a broader perspective on protective immunity beyond just antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Marotta
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa B Bono
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica De Leo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Violette Mouro
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Malpighi
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Perucchini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Grillo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara De Palma
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Charles River Laboratories, Calco, Italy
| | - Lorena Donnici
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Conti
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
| | - Hiromi Muramatsu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mirela Kuka
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Francesco
- Istituto Nazionale di Genetica Molecolare (INGM) 'Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi', Milan, Italy
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luca G Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.
- Experimental Imaging Centre, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Matusali G, Vergori A, Cimini E, Mariotti D, Mazzotta V, Lepri AC, Colavita F, Gagliardini R, Notari S, Meschi S, Fusto M, Tartaglia E, Girardi E, Maggi F, Antinori A. Poor durability of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages after a bivalent mRNA COVID-19 booster dose in persons with HIV. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29598. [PMID: 38624044 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We estimated the dynamics of the neutralizing response against XBB sublineages and T cell response in persons with HIV (PWH) with previous AIDS and/or CD4 < 200/mm3 receiving the bivalent original strain/BA.4-5 booster dose in fall 2022. Samples were collected before the shot (Day 0), 15 days, 3, and 6 months after. PWH were stratified by immunization status: hybrid immunity (HI; vaccination plus COVID-19) versus nonhybrid immunity (nHI; vaccination only). Fifteen days after the booster, 16% and 30% of PWH were nonresponders in terms of anti-XBB.1.16 or anti-EG.5.1 nAbs, respectively. Three months after, a significant waning of anti-XBB.1.16, EG.5.1 and -XBB.1 nAbs was observed both in HI and nHI but nAbs in HI were higher than in nHI. Six months after both HI and nHI individuals displayed low mean levels of anti-XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1 nAbs. Regarding T cell response, IFN-γ values were stable over time and similar in HI and nHI. Our data showed that in PWH, during the prevalent circulation of the XBB.1.16, EG.5.1, and other XBB sublineages, a mRNA bivalent vaccine might not confer broad protection against them. With a view to the 2023/2024 vaccination campaign, the use of the monovalent XBB.1.5 mRNA vaccine should be urgently warranted in PWH to provide adequate protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Matusali
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vergori
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cimini
- Immunology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mariotti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzotta
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cozzi Lepri
- Institute for Global Health, University College of London, Centre for Clinical Research, Epidemiology, Modeling and Evaluation (CREME), London, UK
| | - Francesca Colavita
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Gagliardini
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Notari
- Immunology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Meschi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Fusto
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Tartaglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Girardi
- Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Antinori
- Viral Immunodeficiency Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Senevirathne TH, Wekking D, Swain JWR, Solinas C, De Silva P. COVID-19: From emerging variants to vaccination. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2024; 76:127-141. [PMID: 38135574 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The vigorous spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the rapid infection of millions of people worldwide and devastation of not only public healthcare, but also social, educational, and economic infrastructures. The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 over time is due to the mutations that occurred in the genome during each replication. These mutated forms of SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as variants, were categorized as variants of interest (VOI) or variants of concern (VOC) based on the increased risk of transmissibility, disease severity, immune escape, decreased effectiveness of current social measures, and available vaccines and therapeutics. The swift development of COVID-19 vaccines has been a great success for biomedical research, and billions of vaccine doses, including boosters, have been administered worldwide. BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca), and Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) are the four major COVID-19 vaccines that received early regulatory authorization based on their efficacy. However, some SARS-CoV-2 variants resulted in higher resistance to available vaccines or treatments. It has been four years since the first reported infection of SARS-CoV-2, yet the Omicron variant and its subvariants are still infecting people worldwide. Despite this, COVID-19 vaccines are still expected to be effective at preventing severe disease, hospitalization, and death from COVID. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the COVID-19 pandemic focused on evolution of VOC and vaccination strategies against them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilini H Senevirathne
- Faculty of Science, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Demi Wekking
- Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cinzia Solinas
- Medical Oncology, AOU Cagliari, P.O. Duilio Casula, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Pushpamali De Silva
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
van den Dijssel J, Duurland MC, Konijn VA, Kummer LY, Hagen RR, Kuijper LH, Wieske L, van Dam KP, Stalman EW, Steenhuis M, Geerdes DM, Mok JY, Kragten AH, Menage C, Koets L, Veldhuisen B, Verstegen NJ, van der Schoot CE, van Esch WJ, D'Haens GR, Löwenberg M, Volkers AG, Rispens T, Kuijpers TW, Eftimov F, van Gisbergen KP, van Ham SM, Ten Brinke A, van de Sandt CE. mRNA-1273 vaccinated inflammatory bowel disease patients receiving TNF inhibitors develop broad and robust SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8 + T cell responses. J Autoimmun 2024; 144:103175. [PMID: 38387105 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells recognize conserved viral peptides and in the absence of cross-reactive antibodies form an important line of protection against emerging viral variants as they ameliorate disease severity. SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce robust spike-specific antibody and T cell responses in healthy individuals, but their effectiveness in patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) is less well defined. These patients are often treated with systemic immunosuppressants, which may negatively affect vaccine-induced immunity. Indeed, TNF inhibitor (TNFi)-treated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients display reduced ability to maintain SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses post-vaccination, yet the effects on CD8+ T cells remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the impact of IBD and TNFi treatment on mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses compared to healthy controls in SARS-CoV-2 experienced and inexperienced patients. CD8+ T cells were analyzed for their ability to recognize 32 SARS-CoV-2-specific epitopes, restricted by 10 common HLA class I allotypes using heterotetramer combinatorial coding. This strategy allowed in-depth ex vivo profiling of the vaccine-induced CD8+ T cell responses using phenotypic and activation markers. mRNA vaccination of TNFi-treated and untreated IBD patients induced robust spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses with a predominant central memory and activated phenotype, comparable to those in healthy controls. Prominent non-spike-specific CD8+ T cell responses were observed in SARS-CoV-2 experienced donors prior to vaccination. Non-spike-specific CD8+ T cells persisted and spike-specific CD8+ T cells notably expanded after vaccination in these patient cohorts. Our data demonstrate that regardless of TNFi treatment or prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, IBD patients benefit from vaccination by inducing a robust spike-specific CD8+ T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jet van den Dijssel
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariël C Duurland
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Veronique Al Konijn
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Yl Kummer
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ruth R Hagen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lisan H Kuijper
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Koos Pj van Dam
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eileen W Stalman
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents B.V., Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Charlotte Menage
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lianne Koets
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; National Screening Laboratory of Sanquin, Research and Laboratory Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Barbera Veldhuisen
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niels Jm Verstegen
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Geert Ram D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mark Löwenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adriaan G Volkers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Pjm van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anja Ten Brinke
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Reiter L, Greffrath J, Zidel B, Ostrowski M, Gommerman J, Madhi SA, Tran R, Martin-Orozco N, Panicker RKG, Cooper C, Pastrak A. Comparable safety and non-inferior immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine candidate PTX-COVID19-B and BNT162b2 in a phase 2 randomized, observer-blinded study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5365. [PMID: 38438427 PMCID: PMC10912344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 into a seasonal pathogen along with the emergence of new variants, underscores the need for dynamic and adaptable responses, emphasizing the importance of sustained vaccination strategies. This observer-blind, double-dummy, randomized immunobridging phase 2 study (NCT05175742) aimed to compare the immunogenicity induced by two doses of 40 μg PTX-COVID19-B vaccine candidate administered 28 days apart, with the response induced by two doses of 30 µg Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2), administered 21 days apart, in Nucleocapsid-protein seronegative adults 18-64 years of age. Both vaccines were administrated via intramuscular injection in the deltoid muscle. Two weeks after the second dose, the neutralizing antibody (NAb) geometric mean titer ratio and seroconversion rate met the non-inferiority criteria, successfully achieving the primary immunogenicity endpoints of the study. PTX-COVID19-B demonstrated similar safety and tolerability profile to BNT162b2 vaccine. The lowest NAb response was observed in subjects with low-to-undetectable NAb at baseline or no reported breakthrough infection. Conversely, participants who experienced breakthrough infections during the study exhibited higher NAb titers. This study also shows induction of cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses by PTX-COVID19-B. In conclusion, the vaccine candidate PTX-COVID19-B demonstrated favourable safety profile along with immunogenicity similar to the active comparator BNT162b2 vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Reiter
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., 120-8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| | - Johann Greffrath
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bian Zidel
- Malton Medical Center, 6870 Goreway Dr., Mississauga, ON, L4V 1P1, Canada
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Department of Medicine, Immunology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Rm 6271. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gommerman
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, 1 King's College Circle, Rm. 7233, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard Tran
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., 120-8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| | - Natalia Martin-Orozco
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., 120-8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada
| | | | - Curtis Cooper
- The Ottawa Hospital Viral Hepatitis Program, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave. East, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Aleksandra Pastrak
- Providence Therapeutics Holdings Inc., 120-8832 Blackfoot Trail SE, Calgary, AB, T2J 3J1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ying B, Darling TL, Desai P, Liang CY, Dmitriev IP, Soudani N, Bricker T, Kashentseva EA, Harastani H, Raju S, Liu M, Schmidt AG, Curiel DT, Boon ACM, Diamond MS. Mucosal vaccine-induced cross-reactive CD8 + T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 XBB.1.5 respiratory tract infection. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:537-551. [PMID: 38337035 PMCID: PMC10907304 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
A nasally delivered chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine (ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S) is currently used in India (iNCOVACC). Here, we update this vaccine by creating ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-BA.5-S, which encodes a prefusion-stabilized BA.5 spike protein. Whereas serum neutralizing antibody responses induced by monovalent or bivalent adenoviral vaccines were poor against the antigenically distant XBB.1.5 strain and insufficient to protect in passive transfer experiments, mucosal antibody and cross-reactive memory T cell responses were robust, and protection was evident against WA1/2020 D614G and Omicron variants BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 in mice and hamsters. However, depletion of memory CD8+ T cells before XBB.1.5 challenge resulted in loss of protection against upper and lower respiratory tract infection. Thus, nasally delivered vaccines stimulate mucosal immunity against emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains, and cross-reactive memory CD8+ T cells mediate protection against lung infection by antigenically distant strains in the setting of low serum levels of cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Ying
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pritesh Desai
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chieh-Yu Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Igor P Dmitriev
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nadia Soudani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Traci Bricker
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elena A Kashentseva
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Houda Harastani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Saravanan Raju
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meizi Liu
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David T Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Clark J, Hoxie I, Adelsberg DC, Sapse IA, Andreata-Santos R, Yong JS, Amanat F, Tcheou J, Raskin A, Singh G, González-Domínguez I, Edgar JE, Bournazos S, Sun W, Carreño JM, Simon V, Ellebedy AH, Bajic G, Krammer F. Protective effect and molecular mechanisms of human non-neutralizing cross-reactive spike antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582613. [PMID: 38464151 PMCID: PMC10925278 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies, however, show that binding antibody titers, in the absence of robust neutralizing activity, also correlate with protection from disease progression. Non-neutralizing antibodies cannot directly protect from infection but may recruit effector cells thus contribute to the clearance of infected cells. Also, they often bind conserved epitopes across multiple variants. We characterized 42 human mAbs from COVID-19 vaccinated individuals. Most of these antibodies exhibited no neutralizing activity in vitro but several non-neutralizing antibodies protected against lethal challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in different animal models. A subset of those mAbs showed a clear dependence on Fc-mediated effector functions. We determined the structures of three non-neutralizing antibodies with two targeting the RBD, and one that targeting the SD1 region. Our data confirms the real-world observation in humans that non-neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be protective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Clark
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irene Hoxie
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel C. Adelsberg
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Iden A. Sapse
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Retrovirology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jeremy S. Yong
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johnstone Tcheou
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ariel Raskin
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Julia E. Edgar
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weina Sun
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Manuel Carreño
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ali H. Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Goran Bajic
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VARPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Maino A, Amen A, Plumas J, Bouquet L, Deschamps M, Saas P, Chaperot L, Manches O. Development of a New Off-the-Shelf Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell-Based Approach for the Expansion and Characterization of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cells. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:825-833. [PMID: 38214610 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Global vaccination against COVID-19 has been widely successful; however, there is a need for complementary immunotherapies in severe forms of the disease and in immunocompromised patients. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells have a crucial role in disease control, but their function can be dysregulated in severe forms of the disease. We report here a cell-based approach using a plasmacytoid dendritic cell line (PDC*line) to expand in vitro specific CD8+ responses against COVID-19 Ags. We tested the immunogenicity of eight HLA-A*02:01 restricted peptides derived from diverse SARS-Cov-2 proteins, selected by bioinformatics analyses in unexposed and convalescent donors. Higher ex vivo frequencies of specific T cells against these peptides were found in convalescent donors compared with unexposed donors, suggesting in situ T cell expansion upon viral infection. The peptide-loaded PDC*line induced robust CD8+ responses with total amplification rates that led up to a 198-fold increase in peptide-specific CD8+ T cell frequencies for a single donor. Of note, six of eight selected peptides provided significant amplifications, all of which were conserved between SARS-CoV variants and derived from the membrane, the spike protein, the nucleoprotein, and the ORF1ab. Amplified and cloned antiviral CD8+ T cells secreted IFN-γ upon peptide-specific activation. Furthermore, specific TCR sequences were identified for two highly immunogenic Ags. Hence, PDC*line represents an efficient platform to identify immunogenic viral targets for future immunotherapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Maino
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Axelle Amen
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre Hospitalier Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, UMR 5075, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
| | - Joël Plumas
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- PDC*line Pharma SAS, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Bouquet
- Université de Franche-Comté, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
| | - Marina Deschamps
- Université de Franche-Comté, Etablissement Français du Sang, INSERM, UMR RIGHT, Besançon, France
| | - Philippe Saas
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurence Chaperot
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Manches
- Etablissement Français du Sang, Recherche et Développement, Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo W, Gan J, Luo Z, Li S, Wang Z, Wu J, Zhang H, Xian J, Cheng R, Tang X, Liu Y, Yang L, Mou Q, Zhang X, Chen Y, Wang W, Wang Y, Bai L, Wei X, Zhang R, Yang L, Chen Y, Yang L, Li Y, Liu D, Li W, Chen L. Safety, immunogenicity and protective effectiveness of heterologous boost with a recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) in adult recipients of inactivated vaccines. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:41. [PMID: 38355676 PMCID: PMC10866951 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01751-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have proven effective in protecting populations against COVID-19, including the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells), the first approved recombinant protein vaccine in China. In this positive-controlled trial with 85 adult participants (Sf9 cells group: n = 44; CoronaVac group: n = 41), we evaluated the safety, immunogenicity, and protective effectiveness of a heterologous boost with the Sf9 cells vaccine in adults who had been vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine, and found a post-booster adverse events rate of 20.45% in the Sf9 cells group and 31.71% in the CoronaVac group (p = 0.279), within 28 days after booster injection. Neither group reported any severe adverse events. Following the Sf9 cells vaccine booster, the geometric mean titer (GMT) of binding antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of prototype SARS-CoV-2 on day 28 post-booster was significantly higher than that induced by the CoronaVac vaccine booster (100,683.37 vs. 9,451.69, p < 0.001). In the Sf9 cells group, GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against pseudo SARS-CoV-2 viruses (prototype and diverse variants of concern [VOCs]) increased by 22.23-75.93 folds from baseline to day 28 post-booster, while the CoronaVac group showed increases of only 3.29-10.70 folds. Similarly, neutralizing antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 viruses (prototype and diverse VOCs) increased by 68.18-192.67 folds on day 14 post-booster compared with the baseline level, significantly greater than the CoronaVac group (19.67-37.67 folds). A more robust Th1 cellular response was observed with the Sf9 cells booster on day 14 post-booster (mean IFN-γ+ spot-forming cells per 2 × 105 peripheral blood mononuclear cells: 26.66 vs. 13.59). Protective effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was approximately twice as high in the Sf9 cells group compared to the CoronaVac group (68.18% vs. 36.59%, p = 0.004). Our study findings support the high protective effectiveness of heterologous boosting with the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cells) against symptomatic COVID-19 of diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, while causing no apparent safety concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiadi Gan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhu Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Fangcao Community Health Service Center of Chengdu High-tech Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhoufeng Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huohuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinghong Xian
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixin Cheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiumei Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Mou
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Clinical Trial Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yantong Wang
- Department of Infection Control, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Bai
- Fangcao Community Health Service Center of Chengdu High-tech Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Wei
- Fangcao Community Health Service Center of Chengdu High-tech Zone, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaxin Chen
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yalun Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Weimin Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Precision Medicine Center, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.
- Institute of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- The Research Units of West China, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Gordy JT, Hui Y, Schill C, Wang T, Chen F, Fessler K, Meza J, Li Y, Taylor AD, Bates RE, Karakousis PC, Pekosz A, Sachithanandham J, Li M, Karanika S, Markham RB. A SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine fused to the chemokine MIP-3α elicits sustained murine antibody responses over 12 months and enhanced lung T-cell responses. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1292059. [PMID: 38370404 PMCID: PMC10870766 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1292059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have demonstrated enhanced efficacy of vaccine formulations that incorporate the chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein 3α (MIP-3α) to direct vaccine antigens to immature dendritic cells. To address the reduction in vaccine efficacy associated with a mutation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutants, we have examined the ability of receptor-binding domain vaccines incorporating MIP-3α to sustain higher concentrations of antibody when administered intramuscularly (IM) and to more effectively elicit lung T-cell responses when administered intranasally (IN). Methods BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were immunized intramuscularly or intranasally with DNA vaccine constructs consisting of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain alone or fused to the chemokine MIP-3α. In a small-scale (n = 3/group) experiment, mice immunized IM with electroporation were followed up for serum antibody concentrations over a period of 1 year and for bronchoalveolar antibody levels at the termination of the study. Following IN immunization with unencapsulated plasmid DNA (n = 6/group), mice were evaluated at 11 weeks for serum antibody concentrations, quantities of T cells in the lungs, and IFN-γ- and TNF-α-expressing antigen-specific T cells in the lungs and spleen. Results At 12 months postprimary vaccination, recipients of the IM vaccine incorporating MIP-3α had significantly, approximately threefold, higher serum antibody concentrations than recipients of the vaccine not incorporating MIP-3α. The area-under-the-curve analyses of the 12-month observation interval demonstrated significantly greater antibody concentrations over time in recipients of the MIP-3α vaccine formulation. At 12 months postprimary immunization, only recipients of the fusion vaccine had concentrations of serum-neutralizing activity deemed to be effective. After intranasal immunization, only recipients of the MIP-3α vaccine formulations developed T-cell responses in the lungs significantly above those of PBS controls. Low levels of serum antibody responses were obtained following IN immunization. Conclusion Although requiring separate IM and IN immunizations for optimal immunization, incorporating MIP-3α in a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine construct demonstrated the potential of a stable and easily produced vaccine formulation to provide the extended antibody and T-cell responses that may be required for protection in the setting of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Without electroporation, simple, uncoated plasmid DNA incorporating MIP-3α administered intranasally elicited lung T-cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Tristan Gordy
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yinan Hui
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Courtney Schill
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tianyin Wang
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Fengyixin Chen
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kaitlyn Fessler
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jacob Meza
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yangchen Li
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alannah D. Taylor
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rowan E. Bates
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Petros C. Karakousis
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jaiprasath Sachithanandham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maggie Li
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Styliani Karanika
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard B. Markham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hong E, Nwabuo CC, King A, Bocsi GT, Ashwood ER, Harry BL. Longitudinal Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Immunized Health Care Workers. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2024; 148:e36-e39. [PMID: 37596892 DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0014-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT.— Many studies have depended on qualitative antibody assays to investigate questions related to COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and treatment. OBJECTIVE.— To evaluate immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in vaccinated individuals over time and characterize limitations of qualitative and quantitative antibody assays. DESIGN.— Longitudinal serum samples (n = 339) were collected from 72 health care workers vaccinated against COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels before, during, and after vaccination were measured by using a qualitative anti-spike protein IgG assay and a quantitative anti-S1 IgG assay. Assay results were compared to understand antibody dynamics related to vaccination. RESULTS.— Qualitative testing demonstrated 100% seroconversion after the first vaccine dose, peak IgG levels after the second vaccine dose, and a progressive 50% decline during the next 8 months. Quantitative testing demonstrated that IgG levels during and after vaccination were above the analytical measurement range. CONCLUSIONS.— Qualitative testing demonstrates expected changes in SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels related to sequential vaccine doses and time since antigen exposure. However, proportional changes in the associated numerical signals are very likely inaccurate. Adoption of standardized quantitative SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing with a broad analytical measurement range is essential to determine a correlate of protection from COVID-19 that can be scaled for widespread use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Hong
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Chike C Nwabuo
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Angelina King
- Clinical Laboratory Services, UCHealth, Aurora, Colorado (King)
| | - Gregary T Bocsi
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Edward R Ashwood
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| | - Brian L Harry
- From the Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (Hong, Nwabuo, Bocsi, Ashwood, Harry)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li R, Chang Z, Liu H, Wang Y, Li M, Chen Y, Fan L, Wang S, Sun X, Liu S, Cheng A, Ding P, Zhang G. Double-layered N-S1 protein nanoparticle immunization elicits robust cellular immune and broad antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:44. [PMID: 38291444 PMCID: PMC10825999 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02293-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a persistent global threat to public health. As for the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, it is necessary to develop vaccines that can induce broader immune responses, particularly vaccines with weak cellular immunity. METHODS In this study, we generated a double-layered N-S1 protein nanoparticle (N-S1 PNp) that was formed by desolvating N protein into a protein nanoparticle as the core and crosslinking S1 protein onto the core surface against SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Vaccination with N-S1 PNp elicited robust humoral and vigorous cellular immune responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Compared to soluble protein groups, the N-S1 PNp induced a higher level of humoral response, as evidenced by the ability of S1-specific antibodies to block hACE2 receptor binding and neutralize pseudovirus. Critically, N-S1 PNp induced Th1-biased, long-lasting, and cross-neutralizing antibodies, which neutralized the variants of SARS-CoV-2 with minimal loss of activity. N-S1 PNp induced strong responses of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, mDCs, Tfh cells, and GCs B cells in spleens. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that N-S1 PNp vaccination is a practical approach for promoting protection, which has the potential to counteract the waning immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants and confer broad efficacy against future new variants. This study provides a new idea for the design of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on the B and T cells response coordination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences , Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Zejie Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Hongliang Liu
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yilan Chen
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Siqiao Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xueke Sun
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Peiyang Ding
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences , Peking University, Beijing, 100080, China.
- Longhu Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- College of Animal Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
- School of Life Sciences , Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hu C. Marine natural products and human immunity: novel biomedical resources for anti-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and related cardiovascular disease. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:12. [PMID: 38282092 PMCID: PMC10822835 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Marine natural products (MNPs) and marine organisms include sea urchin, sea squirts or ascidians, sea cucumbers, sea snake, sponge, soft coral, marine algae, and microalgae. As vital biomedical resources for the discovery of marine drugs, bioactive molecules, and agents, these MNPs have bioactive potentials of antioxidant, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, anti-diabetic effects, cancer treatment, and improvement of human immunity. This article reviews the role of MNPs on anti-infection of coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and its major variants (such as Delta and Omicron) as well as tuberculosis, H. Pylori, and HIV infection, and as promising biomedical resources for infection related cardiovascular disease (irCVD), diabetes, and cancer. The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of current MNPs against SARS-CoV-2 infection are also discussed. Since the use of other chemical agents for COVID-19 treatment are associated with some adverse effects in cardiovascular system, MNPs have more therapeutic advantages. Herein, it's time to protect this ecosystem for better sustainable development in the new era of ocean economy. As huge, novel and promising biomedical resources for anti-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and irCVD, the novel potential mechanisms of MNPs may be through multiple targets and pathways regulating human immunity and inhibiting inflammation. In conclusion, MNPs are worthy of translational research for further clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunsong Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Jiangxi Academy of Medical Science, Nanchang University, Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 461 Bayi Ave, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dos Santos Alves RP, Timis J, Miller R, Valentine K, Pinto PBA, Gonzalez A, Regla-Nava JA, Maule E, Nguyen MN, Shafee N, Landeras-Bueno S, Olmedillas E, Laffey B, Dobaczewska K, Mikulski Z, McArdle S, Leist SR, Kim K, Baric RS, Ollmann Saphire E, Elong Ngono A, Shresta S. Human coronavirus OC43-elicited CD4 + T cells protect against SARS-CoV-2 in HLA transgenic mice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:787. [PMID: 38278784 PMCID: PMC10817949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells are detected in some healthy unexposed individuals. Human studies indicate these T cells could be elicited by the common cold coronavirus OC43. To directly test this assumption and define the role of OC43-elicited T cells that are cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2, we develop a model of sequential infections with OC43 followed by SARS-CoV-2 in HLA-B*0702 and HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice. We find that OC43 infection can elicit polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells that cross-react with SARS-CoV-2 peptides. Furthermore, pre-exposure to OC43 reduces subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease in the lung for a short-term in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice, and a longer-term in HLA-B*0702 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice. Depletion of CD4+ T cells in HLA-DRB1*0101 Ifnar1-/- transgenic mice with prior OC43 exposure results in increased viral burden in the lung but no change in virus-induced lung damage following infection with SARS-CoV-2 (versus CD4+ T cell-sufficient mice), demonstrating that the OC43-elicited SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactive T cell-mediated cross-protection against SARS-CoV-2 is partially dependent on CD4+ T cells. These findings contribute to our understanding of the origin of pre-existing SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells and their effects on SARS-CoV-2 clinical outcomes, and also carry implications for development of broadly protective betacoronavirus vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Timis
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robyn Miller
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Valentine
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew Gonzalez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jose Angel Regla-Nava
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Pathology, University Center for Health Science (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, 44340, Mexico
| | - Erin Maule
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael N Nguyen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara Landeras-Bueno
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Olmedillas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brett Laffey
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Dobaczewska
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sara McArdle
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Histopathology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Annie Elong Ngono
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sophonmanee R, Preampruchcha P, Ongarj J, Seeyankem B, Intapiboon P, Surasombatpattana S, Uppanisakorn S, Sangsupawanich P, Chusri S, Pinpathomrat N. Intradermal Fractional ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Booster Vaccine Induces Memory T Cells: A Follow-Up Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:109. [PMID: 38400093 PMCID: PMC10891531 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The administration of viral vector and mRNA vaccine booster effectively induces humoral and cellular immune responses. Effector T cell responses after fractional intradermal (ID) vaccination are comparable to those after intramuscular (IM) boosters. Here, we quantified T cell responses after booster vaccination. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induced higher numbers of S1-specific CD8+ memory T cells, consistent with the antibody responses. Effector memory T cell phenotypes elicited by mRNA vaccination showed a similar trend to those elicited by the viral vector vaccine booster. Three months post-vaccination, cytokine responses remained detectable, confirming effector T cell responses induced by both vaccines. The ID fractional dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 elicited higher effector CD8+ T cell responses than IM vaccination. This study confirmed that an ID dose-reduction vaccination strategy effectively stimulates effector memory T cell responses. ID injection could be an improved approach for effective vaccination programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratchanon Sophonmanee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Perawas Preampruchcha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Jomkwan Ongarj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Bunya Seeyankem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| | - Porntip Intapiboon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.I.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Supattra Uppanisakorn
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.U.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasuree Sangsupawanich
- Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (S.U.); (P.S.)
| | - Sarunyou Chusri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.I.); (S.C.)
| | - Nawamin Pinpathomrat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (R.S.); (P.P.); (J.O.); (B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kim SH, Kim J, Jung S, Noh JY, Kim J, Park H, Song YG, Peck KR, Park SH, Park MS, Ko JH, Song JY, Choi JY, Jung MK, Shin EC. Omicron BA.2 breakthrough infection elicits CD8 + T cell responses recognizing the spike of later Omicron subvariants. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eade6132. [PMID: 38241400 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ade6132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Here, we examine peripheral blood memory T cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/BA.5 variant spike among vaccinated individuals with or without Omicron breakthrough infections. We provide evidence supporting a lack of original antigenic sin in CD8+ T cell responses targeting the spike. We show that BNT162b2-induced memory T cells respond to the BA.4/BA.5 spike. Among individuals with BA.1/BA.2 breakthrough infections, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cell responses against the BA.4/BA.5 spike increased. In a subgroup with BA.2 breakthrough infections, IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cell responses against the BA.2-mutated spike region increased and correlated directly with responses against the BA.4/BA.5 spike, indicating that BA.2 spike-specific CD8+ T cells elicited by BA.2 breakthrough infection cross-react with the BA.4/BA.5 spike. We identified CD8+ T cell epitope peptides that are present in the spike of BA.2 and BA.4/BA.5 but not the original spike. These peptides are fully conserved in the spike of now-dominant XBB lineages. Our study shows that breakthrough infection by early Omicron subvariants elicits CD8+ T cell responses that recognize epitopes within the spike of newly emerging subvariants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hoon Kim
- Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Noh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinnam Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Heedo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Goo Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Ran Peck
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Song
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kyung Jung
- Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Center for Viral Immunology, Korea Virus Research Institute, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Messchendorp AL, Sanders JSF, Abrahams AC, Bemelman FJ, Bouwmans P, van den Dorpel RMA, Hilbrands LB, Imhof C, Reinders MEJ, Rispens T, Steenhuis M, ten Dam MAGJ, Vart P, de Vries APJ, Hemmelder MH, Gansevoort RT. Incidence and Severity of COVID-19 in Relation to Anti-Receptor-Binding Domain IgG Antibody Level after COVID-19 Vaccination in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Viruses 2024; 16:114. [PMID: 38257814 PMCID: PMC10820724 DOI: 10.3390/v16010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) elicit an impaired immune response after COVID-19 vaccination; however, the exact clinical impact remains unclear. We therefore analyse the relationship between antibody levels after vaccination and the risk of COVID-19 in a large cohort of KTRs. All KTRs living in the Netherlands were invited to send a blood sample 28 days after their second COVID-19 vaccination for measurement of their IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (anti-RBD IgG). Information on COVID-19 was collected from the moment the blood sample was obtained until 6 months thereafter. Multivariable Cox and logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse which factors affected the occurrence and severity (i.e., hospitalization and/or death) of COVID-19. In total, 12,159 KTRs were approached, of whom 2885 were included in the analyses. Among those, 1578 (54.7%) became seropositive (i.e., anti-RBD IgG level >50 BAU/mL). Seropositivity was associated with a lower risk for COVID-19, also after adjusting for multiple confounders, including socio-economic status and adherence to COVID-19 restrictions (HR 0.37 (0.19-0.47), p = 0.005). When studied on a continuous scale, we observed a log-linear relationship between antibody level and the risk for COVID-19 (HR 0.52 (0.31-0.89), p = 0.02). Similar results were found for COVID-19 severity. In conclusion, antibody level after COVID-19 vaccination is associated in a log-linear manner with the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 in KTRs. This implies that if future vaccinations are indicated, the aim should be to reach for as high an antibody level as possible and not only seropositivity to protect this vulnerable patient group from disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lianne Messchendorp
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F. Sanders
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alferso C. Abrahams
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J. Bemelman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Amsterdam Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pim Bouwmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Disease, University of Maastricht, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Luuk B. Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Imhof
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E. J. Reinders
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1006 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, 1006 AD Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A. G. J. ten Dam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Priya Vart
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aiko P. J. de Vries
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology and Leiden Transplant Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc H. Hemmelder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Safont G, Villar-Hernández R, Smalchuk D, Stojanovic Z, Marín A, Lacoma A, Pérez-Cano C, López-Martínez A, Molina-Moya B, Solis AJ, Arméstar F, Matllo J, Díaz-Fernández S, Romero I, Casas I, Strecker K, Preyer R, Rosell A, Latorre I, Domínguez J. Measurement of IFN-γ and IL-2 for the assessment of the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1137. [PMID: 38212416 PMCID: PMC10784529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of specific T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 is important for understanding long-term immunity and infection management. The aim of this study was to assess the dual IFN-γ and IL-2 detection, using a SARS-CoV-2 specific fluorescence ELISPOT, in patients undergoing acute disease, during convalescence, and after vaccination. We also evaluated humoral response and compared with T-cells with the aim of correlating both types of responses, and increase the number of specific response detection. Blood samples were drawn from acute COVID-19 patients and convalescent individuals classified according to disease severity; and from unvaccinated and vaccinated uninfected individuals. IgGs against Spike and nucleocapsid, IgMs against nucleocapsid, and neutralizing antibodies were also analyzed. Our results show that IFN-γ in combination with IL-2 increases response detection in acute and convalescent individuals (p = 0.023). In addition, IFN-γ detection can be a useful biomarker for monitoring severe acute patients, as our results indicate that those individuals with a poor outcome have lower levels of this cytokine. In some cases, the lack of cellular immunity is compensated by antibodies, confirming the role of both types of immune responses in infection, and confirming that their dual detection can increase the number of specific response detections. In summary, IFN-γ/IL-2 dual detection is promising for characterizing and assessing the immunization status, and helping in the patient management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Safont
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Villar-Hernández
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Daria Smalchuk
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Zoran Stojanovic
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marín
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Cano
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anabel López-Martínez
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Molina-Moya
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Jhunior Solis
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arméstar
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Matllo
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Fernández
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Romero
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Casas
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Kevin Strecker
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Preyer
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Antoni Rosell
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irene Latorre
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Domínguez
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vecchio E, Rotundo S, Veneziano C, Abatino A, Aversa I, Gallo R, Giordano C, Serapide F, Fusco P, Viglietto G, Cuda G, Costanzo F, Russo A, Trecarichi EM, Torti C, Palmieri C. The spike-specific TCRβ repertoire shows distinct features in unvaccinated or vaccinated patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Transl Med 2024; 22:33. [PMID: 38185632 PMCID: PMC10771664 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04852-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolving variants of SARS-CoV-2 may escape immunity from prior infections or vaccinations. It's vital to understand how immunity adapts to these changes. Both infection and mRNA vaccination induce T cells that target the Spike protein. These T cells can recognize multiple variants, such as Delta and Omicron, even if neutralizing antibodies are weakened. However, the degree of recognition can vary among people, affecting vaccine efficacy. Previous studies demonstrated the capability of T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis to identify conserved and immunodominant peptides with cross-reactive potential among variant of concerns. However, there is a need to extend the analysis of the TCR repertoire to different clinical scenarios. The aim of this study was to examine the Spike-specific TCR repertoire profiles in natural infections and those with combined natural and vaccine immunity. METHODS A T-cell enrichment approach and bioinformatic tools were used to investigate the Spike-specific TCRβ repertoire in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of previously vaccinated (n = 8) or unvaccinated (n = 6) COVID-19 patients. RESULTS Diversity and clonality of the TCRβ repertoire showed no significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. When comparing the TCRβ data to public databases, 692 unique TCRβ sequences linked to S epitopes were found in the vaccinated group and 670 in the unvaccinated group. TCRβ clonotypes related to spike regions S135-177, S264-276, S319-350, and S448-472 appear notably more prevalent in the vaccinated group. In contrast, the S673-699 epitope, believed to have super antigenic properties, is observed more frequently in the unvaccinated group. In-silico analyses suggest that mutations in epitopes, relative to the main SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, don't hinder their cross-reactive recognition by associated TCRβ clonotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal distinct TCRβ signatures in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals with COVID-19. These differences might be associated with disease severity and could influence clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION FESR/FSE 2014-2020 DDRC n. 585, Action 10.5.12, noCOVID19@UMG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Vecchio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rotundo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Chair of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Claudia Veneziano
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Abatino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Gallo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Serapide
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Chair of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Fusco
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Chair of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre of Services, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Chair of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Maria Trecarichi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Chair of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carlo Torti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Chair of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University "Magna Graecia", 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Camillo Palmieri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Graecia", Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hoek RAS, Liu S, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Verschuuren EAM, Vonk JM, Hellemons ME, Kool M, Wijbenga N, Bogers S, Scherbeijn S, Rugebregt S, van Gemert JP, Steenhuis WN, Niesters HGM, van Baarle D, de Vries RD, Van Leer Buter C. Humoral and cellular immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination of lung transplant recipients and patients on the waiting list: a 6-month follow-up. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1254659. [PMID: 38239369 PMCID: PMC10794507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Data on cellular response and the decay of antibodies and T cells in time are scarce in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Additionally, the development and durability of humoral and cellular immune responses have not been investigated in patients on the waitlist for lung transplantation (WLs). Here, we report our 6-month follow-up of humoral and cellular immune responses of LTRs and WLs, compared with controls. Methods Humoral responses to two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccination were assessed by determining spike (S)-specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. Cellular responses were investigated by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) and IFN-γ ELISpot assay at 28 days and 6 months after the second vaccination. Results In LTRs, the level of antibodies and T-cell responses was significantly lower at 28 days after the second vaccination. Also, WLs had lower antibody titers and lower T-cell responses compared with controls. Six months after the second vaccination, all groups showed a decrease in antibody titers and T-cell responses. In WLs, the rate of decline of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses was significantly higher than in controls. Conclusion Our results show that humoral and cellular responses in LTRs, if they develop, decrease at rates comparable with controls. In contrast, the inferior cellular responses and the rapid decay of both humoral and cellular responses in the WL groups imply that WLs may not be protected adequately by two vaccinations and repeat boostering may be necessary to induce protection that lasts beyond the months immediately post-transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rogier A. S. Hoek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Erik A. M. Verschuuren
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Merel E. Hellemons
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Wijbenga
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Scherbeijn
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sharona Rugebregt
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanna P. van Gemert
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Willie N. Steenhuis
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hubert G. M. Niesters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coretta Van Leer Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Prins MLM, Roozen GVT, Pothast CR, Huisman W, van Binnendijk R, den Hartog G, Kuiper VP, Prins C, Janse JJ, Lamers OAC, Koopman JPR, Kruithof AC, Kamerling IMC, Dijkland RC, de Kroon AC, Azimi S, Feltkamp MCW, Kuijer M, Jochems SP, Heemskerk MHM, Rosendaal FR, Roestenberg M, Visser LG, Roukens AHE. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of intradermal mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a non-inferiority, randomized-controlled trial. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:1. [PMID: 38167735 PMCID: PMC10761693 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fractional dosing can be a cost-effective vaccination strategy to accelerate individual and herd immunity in a pandemic. We assessed the immunogenicity and safety of primary intradermal (ID) vaccination, with a 1/5th dose compared with the standard intramuscular (IM) dose of mRNA-1273 in SARS-CoV-2 naïve persons. We conducted an open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial in the Netherlands between June and December 2021. One hundred and fifty healthy and SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants, aged 18-30 years, were randomized (1:1:1) to receive either two doses of 20 µg mRNA-1273 ID with a standard needle (SN) or the Bella-mu® needle (BM), or two doses of 100 µg IM, 28 days apart. The primary outcome was non-inferiority in seroconversion rates at day 43 (D43), defined as a neutralizing antibody concentration threshold of 465 IU/mL, the lowest response in the IM group. The non-inferiority margin was set at -15%. Neutralizing antibody concentrations at D43 were 1789 (95% CI: 1488-2150) in the IM and 1263 (951-1676) and 1295 (1020-1645) in the ID-SN and ID-BM groups, respectively. The absolute difference in seroconversion proportion between fractional and standard-dose groups was -13.95% (-24.31 to -3.60) for the ID-SN and -13.04% (-22.78 to -3.31) for the ID-BM group and exceeded the predefined non-inferiority margin. Although ID vaccination with 1/5th dose of mRNA-1273 did not meet the predefined non-inferior criteria, the neutralizing antibody concentrations in these groups are far above the proposed proxy for protection against severe disease (100 IU/mL), justifying this strategy in times of vaccine scarcity to accelerate mass protection against severe disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon L M Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Geert V T Roozen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cilia R Pothast
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley Huisman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Department of Immune Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Department of Immune Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, RadboudUMC, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent P Kuiper
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Corine Prins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J Janse
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia A C Lamers
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Pieter R Koopman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelieke C Kruithof
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M C Kamerling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Romy C Dijkland
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia C de Kroon
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Shohreh Azimi
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mariet C W Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan Kuijer
- Department of Immune Surveillance, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam H M Heemskerk
- Department of Haematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Meta Roestenberg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Binayke A, Zaheer A, Vishwakarma S, Singh S, Sharma P, Chandwaskar R, Gosain M, Raghavan S, Murugesan DR, Kshetrapal P, Thiruvengadam R, Bhatnagar S, Pandey AK, Garg PK, Awasthi A. A quest for universal anti-SARS-CoV-2 T cell assay: systematic review, meta-analysis, and experimental validation. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:3. [PMID: 38167915 PMCID: PMC10762233 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00794-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Measuring SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses is crucial to understanding an individual's immunity to COVID-19. However, high inter- and intra-assay variability make it difficult to define T cells as a correlate of protection against COVID-19. To address this, we performed systematic review and meta-analysis of 495 datasets from 94 original articles evaluating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses using three assays - Activation Induced Marker (AIM), Intracellular Cytokine Staining (ICS), and Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT), and defined each assay's quantitative range. We validated these ranges using samples from 193 SARS-CoV-2-exposed individuals. Although IFNγ ELISPOT was the preferred assay, our experimental validation suggested that it under-represented the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell repertoire. Our data indicate that a combination of AIM and ICS or FluoroSpot assay would better represent the frequency, polyfunctionality, and compartmentalization of the antigen-specific T cell responses. Taken together, our results contribute to defining the ranges of antigen-specific T cell assays and propose a choice of assay that can be employed to better understand the cellular immune response against viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Binayke
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aymaan Zaheer
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Siddhesh Vishwakarma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Rucha Chandwaskar
- Department of Microbiology, AMITY University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mudita Gosain
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Ramachandran Thiruvengadam
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Pramod Kumar Garg
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Awasthi
- Immunology Core Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
- Centre for Immunobiology and Immunotherapy, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zeng YC, Young OJ, Si L, Ku MW, Isinelli G, Rajwar A, Jiang A, Wintersinger CM, Graveline AR, Vernet A, Sanchez M, Ryu JH, Kwon IC, Goyal G, Ingber DE, Shih WM. DNA origami vaccine (DoriVac) nanoparticles improve both humoral and cellular immune responses to infectious diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.29.573647. [PMID: 38260393 PMCID: PMC10802255 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have demonstrated robust induction of neutralizing antibodies and CD4+ T cell activation, however CD8+ responses are variable, and the duration of immunity and protection against variants are limited. Here we repurposed our DNA origami vaccine platform, DoriVac, for targeting infectious viruses, namely SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and Ebola. The DNA origami nanoparticle, conjugated with infectious-disease-specific HR2 peptides, which act as highly conserved antigens, and CpG adjuvant at precise nanoscale spacing, induced neutralizing antibodies, Th1 CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in naïve mice, with significant improvement over a bolus control. Pre-clinical studies using lymph-node-on-a-chip systems validated that DoriVac, when conjugated with antigenic peptides or proteins, induced promising cellular immune responses in human cells. These results suggest that DoriVac holds potential as a versatile, modular vaccine platform, capable of inducing both humoral and cellular immunities. The programmability of this platform underscores its potential utility in addressing future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang C. Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Olivia J. Young
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Longlong Si
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Min Wen Ku
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Giorgia Isinelli
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anjali Rajwar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chris M. Wintersinger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda R. Graveline
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andyna Vernet
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Melinda Sanchez
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Girija Goyal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William M. Shih
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guo L, Zhang Q, Gu X, Ren L, Huang T, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhong J, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li D, Fang M, Xu L, Li H, Wang Z, Li H, Bai T, Liu W, Peng Y, Dong T, Cao B, Wang J. Durability and cross-reactive immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 2 years after recovery from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e24-e33. [PMID: 38048805 PMCID: PMC10789611 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity more than 1 year after initial infection has not been well characterised. The aim of this study was to investigate the durability and cross-reactivity of immunological memory acquired from natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals recovered from COVID-19 2 years after infection. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, we recruited patients who had recovered from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and were discharged from Jinyintan Hospital (Wuhan, China) between Jan 7 and May 29, 2020. We carried out three successive follow-ups between June 16 and Sept 3, 2020 (6 months), Dec 16, 2020, and Feb 7, 2021 (1 year), and Nov 16, 2021, and Jan 10, 2022 (2 years), in which blood samples were taken. We included participants who did not have re-infection or receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (infected-unvaccinated), and participants who received one to three doses of inactivated vaccine 1-2 years after infection (infected-vaccinated). We evaluated the presence of IgG antibodies, neutralising antibodies, and memory B-cell and memory T-cell responses against the prototype strain and delta and omicron variants. FINDINGS In infected-unvaccinated participants, neutralising antibody titres continually declined from 6-month to 2-year follow-up visits, with a half-life of about 141·2 days. Neutralising antibody responses to omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, BF.7, BQ.1, and XBB) were poor. Memory B-cell responses to the prototype strain were retained at 2 years and presented cross-reactivity to the delta and omicron BA.1 variants. The magnitude of interferon γ and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 were not significantly different between 1 year and 2 years after infection. Multifunctional T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein were detected in most participants. Recognition of the BA.1 variant by memory T cells was not affected in most individuals. The antibody titres and the frequencies of memory B cells, but not memory T cells, increased in infected-vaccinated participants after they received the inactivated vaccine. INTERPRETATION This study improves the understanding of the duration of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity without boosting, which has implications for the design of vaccination regimens and programmes. Our data suggest that memory T-cell responses primed by initial viral infection remain highly cross-reactive after 2 years. With the increasing emergence of variants, effective vaccines should be introduced to boost neutralising antibody and overall T-cell responses to newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants. FUNDING Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities for Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Natural Science Foundation, UK Medical Research Council.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Danyang Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liuhui Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Cao
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gupta DL, Meher J, Giri AK, Shukla AK, Mohapatra E, Ruikar MM, Rao DN. RBD mutations at the residues K417, E484, N501 reduced immunoreactivity with antisera from vaccinated and COVID-19 recovered patients. Drug Target Insights 2024; 18:20-26. [PMID: 38860262 PMCID: PMC11163369 DOI: 10.33393/dti.2024.3059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is unclear whether induced spike protein-specific antibodies due to infections with SARS-CoV-2 or to the prototypic Wuhan isolate-based vaccination can immune-react with the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. Aim/objectives The main objective of the study was to measure the immunoreactivity of induced antibodies postvaccination with Covishield™ (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 coronavirus vaccines) or infections with SARS-CoV-2 by using selected peptides of the spike protein of wild type and variants of SARS-CoV-2. Methodology Thirty patients who had recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infections and 30 individuals vaccinated with both doses of Covishield™ were recruited for the study. Venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected at a single time point from patients within 3-4 weeks of recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infections or receiving both doses of Covishield™ vaccines. The serum levels of total immunoglobulin were measured in both study groups. A total of 12 peptides of 10 to 24 amino acids length spanning to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of wild type of SARS-CoV-2 and their variants were synthesized. The serum levels of immune-reactive antibodies were measured using these peptides. Results The serum levels of total antibodies were found to be significantly (p<0.001) higher in the vaccinated individuals as compared to COVID-19 recovered patients. Our study reported that the mutations in the RBD at the residues K417, E484, and N501 have been associated with reduced immunoreactivity with anti-sera of vaccinated people and COVID-19 recovered patients. Conclusion The amino acid substitutions at the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 have been associated with a higher potential to escape the humoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dablu Lal Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh - India
| | - Jhasketan Meher
- Department of General Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh - India
| | - Anjan Kumar Giri
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh - India
| | - Arvind K Shukla
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh - India
| | - Eli Mohapatra
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh - India
| | - Manisha M Ruikar
- Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Raipur, Chhattisgarh - India
| | - DN Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi - India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ivanova EN, Shwetar J, Devlin JC, Buus TB, Gray-Gaillard S, Koide A, Cornelius A, Samanovic MI, Herrera A, Mimitou EP, Zhang C, Karmacharya T, Desvignes L, Ødum N, Smibert P, Ulrich RJ, Mulligan MJ, Koide S, Ruggles KV, Herati RS, Koralov SB. mRNA COVID-19 vaccine elicits potent adaptive immune response without the acute inflammation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. iScience 2023; 26:108572. [PMID: 38213787 PMCID: PMC10783604 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination elicit potent immune responses. Our study presents a comprehensive multimodal single-cell analysis of blood from COVID-19 patients and healthy volunteers receiving the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and booster. We profiled immune responses via transcriptional analysis and lymphocyte repertoire reconstruction. COVID-19 patients displayed an enhanced interferon signature and cytotoxic gene upregulation, absent in vaccine recipients. B and T cell repertoire analysis revealed clonal expansion among effector cells in COVID-19 patients and memory cells in vaccine recipients. Furthermore, while clonal αβ T cell responses were observed in both COVID-19 patients and vaccine recipients, expansion of clonal γδ T cells was found only in infected individuals. Our dataset enables side-by-side comparison of immune responses to infection versus vaccination, including clonal B and T cell responses. Our comparative analysis shows that vaccination induces a robust, durable clonal B and T cell responses, without the severe inflammation associated with infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie N. Ivanova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jasmine Shwetar
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joseph C. Devlin
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Terkild B. Buus
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophie Gray-Gaillard
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Akiko Koide
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amber Cornelius
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marie I. Samanovic
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alberto Herrera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Chenzhen Zhang
- Vilcek Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Trishala Karmacharya
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ludovic Desvignes
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- High Containment Laboratories, Office of Science and Research, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Robert J. Ulrich
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mark J. Mulligan
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Shohei Koide
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V. Ruggles
- Institute of Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramin S. Herati
- New York University Langone Vaccine Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sergei B. Koralov
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Silva BJDA, Krogstad PA, Teles RMB, Andrade PR, Rajfer J, Ferrini MG, Yang OO, Bloom BR, Modlin RL. IFN-γ-mediated control of SARS-CoV-2 infection through nitric oxide. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284148. [PMID: 38162653 PMCID: PMC10755032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to identify mechanisms of antiviral host defense against SARS-CoV-2. One such mediator is interferon-g (IFN-γ), which, when administered to infected patients, is reported to result in viral clearance and resolution of pulmonary symptoms. IFN-γ treatment of a human lung epithelial cell line triggered an antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, yet the mechanism for this antiviral response was not identified. Methods Given that IFN-γ has been shown to trigger antiviral activity via the generation of nitric oxide (NO), we investigated whether IFN-γ induction of antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection is dependent upon the generation of NO in human pulmonary epithelial cells. We treated the simian epithelial cell line Vero E6 and human pulmonary epithelial cell lines, including A549-ACE2, and Calu-3, with IFN-γ and observed the resulting induction of NO and its effects on SARS-CoV-2 replication. Pharmacological inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was employed to assess the dependency on NO production. Additionally, the study examined the effect of interleukin-1b (IL-1β) on the IFN-g-induced NO production and its antiviral efficacy. Results Treatment of Vero E6 cells with IFN-γ resulted in a dose-responsive induction of NO and an inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 replication. This antiviral activity was blocked by pharmacologic inhibition of iNOS. IFN-γ also triggered a NO-mediated antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2 infected human lung epithelial cell lines A549-ACE2 and Calu-3. IL-1β enhanced IFN-γ induction of NO, but it had little effect on antiviral activity. Discussion Given that IFN-g has been shown to be produced by CD8+ T cells in the early response to SARS-CoV-2, our findings in human lung epithelial cell lines, of an IFN-γ-triggered, NO-dependent, links the adaptive immune response to an innate antiviral pathway in host defense against SARS-CoV-2. These results underscore the importance of IFN-γ and NO in the antiviral response and provide insights into potential therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno J. de Andrade Silva
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Paul A. Krogstad
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Rosane M. B. Teles
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Priscila R. Andrade
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jacob Rajfer
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Monica G. Ferrini
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Otto O. Yang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Barry R. Bloom
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert L. Modlin
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Raadsen MP, Visser C, Lavell AHA, van de Munckhof AAGA, Coutinho JM, de Maat MPM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Bomers MK, Haagmans BL, van Gorp ECM, Porcelijn L, Kruip MJHA. Transient Autoreactive PF4 and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1851. [PMID: 38140254 PMCID: PMC10747426 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare autoimmune condition associated with recombinant adenovirus (rAV)-based COVID-19 vaccines. It is thought to arise from autoantibodies targeting platelet factor 4 (aPF4), triggered by vaccine-induced inflammation and the formation of neo-antigenic complexes between PF4 and the rAV vector. To investigate the specific induction of aPF4 by rAV-based vaccines, we examined sera from rAV vaccine recipients (AZD1222, AD26.COV2.S) and messenger RNA (mRNA) based (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2) COVID-19 vaccine recipients. We compared the antibody fold change (FC) for aPF4 and for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) of rAV to mRNA vaccine recipients. We combined two biobanks of Dutch healthcare workers and matched rAV-vaccinated individuals to mRNA-vaccinated controls, based on age, sex and prior history of COVID-19 (AZD1222: 37, Ad26.COV2.S: 35, mRNA-1273: 47, BNT162b2: 26). We found no significant differences in aPF4 FCs after the first (0.99 vs. 1.08, mean difference (MD) = -0.11 (95% CI -0.23 to 0.057)) and second doses of AZD1222 (0.99 vs. 1.10, MD = -0.11 (95% CI -0.31 to 0.10)) and after a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S compared to mRNA-based vaccines (1.01 vs. 0.99, MD = 0.026 (95% CI -0.13 to 0.18)). The mean FCs for the aPL in rAV-based vaccine recipients were similar to those in mRNA-based vaccines. No correlation was observed between post-vaccination aPF4 levels and vaccine type (mean aPF difference -0.070 (95% CI -0.14 to 0.002) mRNA vs. rAV). In summary, our study indicates that rAV and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines do not substantially elevate aPF4 levels in healthy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthijs P. Raadsen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.R.); (C.H.G.); (B.L.H.); (E.C.M.v.G.)
| | - Chantal Visser
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (M.P.M.d.M.)
| | - A. H. Ayesha Lavell
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.A.L.); (M.K.B.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita A. G. A. van de Munckhof
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.G.A.v.d.M.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Jonathan M. Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.A.G.A.v.d.M.); (J.M.C.)
| | - Moniek P. M. de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (M.P.M.d.M.)
| | - Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.R.); (C.H.G.); (B.L.H.); (E.C.M.v.G.)
| | | | - Marije K. Bomers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.H.A.L.); (M.K.B.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.R.); (C.H.G.); (B.L.H.); (E.C.M.v.G.)
| | - Eric C. M. van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (M.P.R.); (C.H.G.); (B.L.H.); (E.C.M.v.G.)
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marieke J. H. A. Kruip
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (C.V.); (M.P.M.d.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Xu H, Zhou R, Chen Z. Tissue-Resident Memory T Cell: Ontogenetic Cellular Mechanism and Clinical Translation. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 214:249-259. [PMID: 37586053 PMCID: PMC10719502 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has indicated the essential role of tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells for frontline protection against viral infection and for cancer immune surveillance (Mueller SN, Mackay LK. Tissue-resident memory T cells: local specialists in immune defense. Nat Rev Immunol 2016, 16, 79-89. doi:10.1038/nri.2015.3.). TRM cells are transcriptionally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct from circulating memory T (Tcirm) cells. It is necessary to understand the unique ontogenetic mechanism, migratory regulation, and biological function of TRM cells. In this review, we discuss recent insights into cellular mechanisms and discrete responsiveness in different tissue microenvironments underlying TRM cell development. We also emphasize the translational potential of TRM cells by focusing on their establishment in association with improved protection in mucosal tissues against various types of diseases and effective strategies for eliciting TRM cells in both pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Xu
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Runhong Zhou
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Liu J, Jaijyan DK, Chen Y, Feng C, Yang S, Xu Z, Zhan N, Hong C, Li S, Cheng T, Zhu H. Cytomegalovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccines elicit neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (BA.2) in mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0246323. [PMID: 37971259 PMCID: PMC10883801 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02463-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been used as a novel viral vector for vaccine development and gene therapy. Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which is highly mutable and is still circulating globally. The study showed that the CMV viral vector caused transient systemic infection and induced robust transgene expression in vivo. CMV vectors expressing different SARS-CoV-2 proteins were immunogenic and could elicit neutralizing antibodies against a highly mutated Omicron variant (BA.2). The expression level of receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein was higher than that of full-length S protein using CMV as a vaccine vector, and CMV vector expression RBD protein elicited higher RBD-binding and neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, the study showed that CMV-vectored vaccines would not cause unexpected viral transmission, and pre-existing immunity might impair the immunogenicity of subsequent CMV-vectored vaccines. These works provide meaningful insights for the development of a CMV-based vector vaccine platform and the prevention and control strategies for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dabbu Kumar Jaijyan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Yanling Chen
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Changcan Feng
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shaomin Yang
- Shenzhen Municipal Key Laboratory for Pain Medicine, Department of Pain Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenglong Xu
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Nichun Zhan
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Congming Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|