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Zingg JM. Finding vitamin Ex ‡. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 211:171-173. [PMID: 38081438 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136-6129, USA; Dr. JT Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136-6129, USA.
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2
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Ji J, Zeng C, Wu P, Wang Y, Chen X, Yan X. Improved Whole-Cell Biocatalyst for the Synthesis of Vitamin E Precursor 2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1162-1169. [PMID: 36621524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2,3,5-Trimethylhydroquinone (2,3,5-TMHQ) is the key precursor in the synthesis of vitamin E. It is still a major challenge to produce 2,3,5-TMHQ under mild reaction conditions by chemical methods. The monooxygenase system MpdAB can specifically catalyze the conversion of 2,3,6-trimethylphenol (2,3,6-TMP) to 2,3,5-TMHQ. However, the weak catalytic capacity of wild-type MpdA and the cytotoxicity of the substrate limited the production efficiency of 2,3,5-TMHQ. Here, homologous modeling and saturation mutation were performed to increase the catalytic activity of MpdA. Two variants, L128A and L128K, with higher activity toward 2,3,6-TMP (1.86-1.87-fold) were obtained. On the other hand, an evolved strain B5-4M-evolved with enhanced resistance to 2,3,6-TMP (8.15-fold higher for 1000 μM 2,3,6-TMP) was obtained through adaptive laboratory evolution. Subsequently, a 5.29-fold (or 4.87-fold) improvement in 2,3,5-TMHQ production was achieved by a strain B5-4M-evolved harboring L128K (or L128A) and MpdB, in comparison with that of the wild type (strain B5-4M expressing MpdAB). This study provides better genetic resources for producing 2,3,5-TMHQ and proves that the synthesis efficiency of 2,3,5-TMHQ can be improved through enzyme modification and adaptive laboratory evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Nanjing Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products, College of Food Science, Nanjing XiaoZhuang University, Nanjing 211171, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiting Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Chen
- Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Bertoncini-Silva C, Zingg JM, Fassini PG, Suen VMM. Bioactive dietary components-Anti-obesity effects related to energy metabolism and inflammation. Biofactors 2022; 49:297-321. [PMID: 36468445 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is the result of the long-term energy imbalance between the excess calories consumed and the few calories expended. Reducing the intake of energy dense foods (fats, sugars), and strategies such as fasting and caloric restriction can promote body weight loss. Not only energy in terms of calories, but also the specific composition of the diet can affect the way the food is absorbed and how its energy is stored, used or dissipated. Recent research has shown that bioactive components of food, such as polyphenols and vitamins, can influence obesity and its pathologic complications such as insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome. Individual micronutrients can influence lipid turnover but for long-term effects on weight stability, dietary patterns containing several micronutrients may be required. At the molecular level, these molecules modulate signaling and the expression of genes that are involved in the regulation of energy intake, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis into white, beige and brown adipose tissue, thermogenesis, lipotoxicity, adipo/cytokine synthesis, and inflammation. Higher concentrations of these molecules can be reached in the intestine, where they can modulate the composition and action of the microbiome. In this review, the molecular mechanisms by which bioactive compounds and vitamins modulate energy metabolism, inflammation and obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bertoncini-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Priscila Giacomo Fassini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Marques Miguel Suen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nutrology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Emerging roles of PHLPP phosphatases in the nervous system. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103789. [PMID: 36343848 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been more than a decade since the discovery of a novel class of phosphatase, the Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain Leucine-rich repeat Protein Phosphatases (PHLPP). Over time, they have been recognized as crucial regulators of various cellular processes, such as memory formation, cellular survival and proliferation, maintenance of circadian rhythm, and others, with any deregulation in their expression or cellular localization causing havoc in any cellular system. With the ever-growing number of downstream substrates across multiple tissue systems, a web is emerging wherein the central point is PHLPP. A slight nick in the normal signaling cascade of the two isoforms of PHLPP, namely PHLPP1 and PHLPP2, has been recently found to invoke a variety of neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, epileptic seizures, Parkinson's disease, and others, in the neuronal system. Improper regulation of the two isoforms has also been associated with various disease pathologies such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, etc. In this review, we have summarized all the current knowledge about PHLPP1 (PHLPP1α and PHLPP1β) and PHLPP2 and their emerging roles in regulating various neuronal signaling pathways to pave the way for a better understanding of the complexities. This would in turn aid in providing context for the development of possible future therapeutic strategies.
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Wu L, Zhao J, Wu L, Zhang Y, Li J. Simultaneous determination of squalene, tocopherols and phytosterols in edible vegetable oil by SPE combined with saponification and GC-MS. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Balamurugan K, Chandra K, Sai Latha S, Swathi M, Joshi MB, Misra P, Parsa KVL. PHLPPs: Emerging players in metabolic disorders. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103317. [PMID: 35835313 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
That reversible protein phosphorylation by kinases and phosphatases occurs in metabolic disorders is well known. Various studies have revealed that a multi-faceted and tightly regulated phosphatase, pleckstrin homology domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP)-1/2 displays robust effects in cardioprotection, ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R), and vascular remodelling. PHLPP1 promotes foamy macrophage development through ChREBP/AMPK-dependent pathways. Adipocyte-specific loss of PHLPP2 reduces adiposity, improves glucose tolerance,and attenuates fatty liver via the PHLPP2-HSL-PPARα axis. Discoveries of PHLPP1-mediated insulin resistance and pancreatic β cell death via the PHLPP1/2-Mst1-mTORC1 triangular loop have shed light on its significance in diabetology. PHLPP1 downregulation attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by restoring PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling. In this review, we summarise the functional role of, and cellular signalling mediated by, PHLPPs in metabolic tissues and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keerthana Balamurugan
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kanika Chandra
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India; Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sai Latha
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - M Swathi
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Manjunath B Joshi
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore V L Parsa
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, Telangana, India.
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Brigelius-Flohé R. Vitamin E research: Past, now and future. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:381-390. [PMID: 34756995 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The early history of vitamin E from its discovery by Herbert M. Evans and Katharine J. S. Bishop in 1922 up to its chemical synthesis by Paul Karrer and coworkers in 1938 and the development of the concept that vitamin E acts as an antioxidant in vivo are recalled. Some more recent results shedding doubt on this hypothesis are reviewed. They comprise influence of vitamin E on enzyme activities, signaling cascades, gene expression and bio-membrane structure. The overall conclusion is that our knowledge of the vitamin's mechanism of action still remains fragmentary. The metabolism of tocopherols and tocotrienols is presented and discussed in respect to bioactivity of the metabolites, interference with drug metabolism and the future design of clinical trials. Some strategies are recommended how to reach the final goal: the identification of the primary vitamin E target(s) and the analysis of the downstream events up to the physiological phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Alle 114-116, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany.
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Targeting Reactive Oxygen Species Capacity of Tumor Cells with Repurposed Drug as an Anticancer Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8532940. [PMID: 34539975 PMCID: PMC8443364 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8532940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are associated with cancer initiation, growth, and response to therapies. As concentrations increase, ROS influence cancer development in a paradoxical way, either triggering tumorigenesis and supporting the proliferation of cancer cells at moderate levels of ROS or causing cancer cell death at high levels of ROS. Thus, ROS can be considered an attractive target for therapy of cancer and two apparently contradictory but virtually complementary therapeutic strategies for the regulation of ROS to treat cancer. Despite tremendous resources being invested in prevention and treatment for cancer, cancer remains a leading cause of human deaths and brings a heavy burden to humans worldwide. Chemotherapy remains the key treatment for cancer therapy, but it produces harmful side effects. Meanwhile, the process of de novo development of new anticancer drugs generally needs increasing cost, long development cycle, and high risk of failure. The use of ROS-based repurposed drugs may be one of the promising ways to overcome current cancer treatment challenges. In this review, we briefly introduce the source and regulation of ROS and then focus on the status of repurposed drugs based on ROS regulation for cancer therapy and propose the challenges and direction of ROS-mediated cancer treatment.
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Ungurianu A, Zanfirescu A, Nițulescu G, Margină D. Vitamin E beyond Its Antioxidant Label. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050634. [PMID: 33919211 PMCID: PMC8143145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E, comprising tocopherols and tocotrienols, is mainly known as an antioxidant. The aim of this review is to summarize the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways linked to inflammation and malignancy modulated by its vitamers. Preclinical reports highlighted a myriad of cellular effects like modulating the synthesis of pro-inflammatory molecules and oxidative stress response, inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, regulating cell cycle, and apoptosis. Furthermore, animal-based models have shown that these molecules affect the activity of various enzymes and signaling pathways, such as MAPK, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB, acting as the underlying mechanisms of their reported anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-cancer effects. In clinical settings, not all of these were proven, with reports varying considerably. Nonetheless, vitamin E was shown to improve redox and inflammatory status in healthy, diabetic, and metabolic syndrome subjects. The anti-cancer effects were inconsistent, with both pro- and anti-malignant being reported. Regarding its neuroprotective properties, several studies have shown protective effects suggesting vitamin E as a potential prevention and therapeutic (as adjuvant) tool. However, source and dosage greatly influence the observed effects, with bioavailability seemingly a key factor in obtaining the preferred outcome. We conclude that this group of molecules presents exciting potential for the prevention and treatment of diseases with an inflammatory, redox, or malignant component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Ungurianu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Zanfirescu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Georgiana Nițulescu
- Department Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Denisa Margină
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
- Correspondence:
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Rodriguez L, Duchez P, Touya N, Debeissat C, Guitart AV, Pasquet JM, Vlaski-Lafarge M, Brunet de la Grange P, Ivanovic Z. α-Tocopherol Attenuates Oxidative Phosphorylation of CD34 + Cells, Enhances Their G0 Phase Fraction and Promotes Hematopoietic Stem and Primitive Progenitor Cell Maintenance. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040558. [PMID: 33920203 PMCID: PMC8070309 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha tocopherol acetate (αTOA) is an analogue of alpha tocopherol (αTOC) that exists in the form of an injectable drug. In the context of the metabolic hypothesis of stem cells, we studied the impact of αTOA on the metabolic energetic profile and functional properties of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. In ex vivo experiments performed on cord blood CD34+ cells, we found that αTOA effectively attenuates oxidative phosphorylation without affecting the glycolysis rate. This effect concerns complex I and complex II of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and is related to the relatively late increase (3 days) in ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). The most interesting effect was the inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor (HIF)-2α (Hexpression, which is a determinant of the most pronounced biological effect-the accumulation of CD34+ cells in the G0 phase of the cell cycle. In parallel, better maintenance of the primitive stem cell activity was revealed by the expansion seen in secondary cultures (higher production of colony forming cells (CFC) and Severe Combined Immunodeficiency-mice (scid)-repopulating cells (SRC)). While the presence of αTOA enhanced the maintenance of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (HSC) and contained their proliferation ex vivo, whether it could play the same role in vivo remained unknown. Creating αTOC deficiency via a vitamin E-free diet in mice, we found an accelerated proliferation of CFC and an expanded compartment of LSK (lineagenegative Sca-1+cKit+) and SLAM (cells expressing Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule family receptors) bone marrow cell populations whose in vivo repopulating capacity was decreased. These in vivo data are in favor of our hypothesis that αTOC may have a physiological role in the maintenance of stem cells. Taking into account that αTOC also exhibits an effect on proliferative capacity, it may also be relevant for the ex vivo manipulation of hematopoietic stem cells. For this purpose, low non-toxic doses of αTOA should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rodriguez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Duchez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Nicolas Touya
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christelle Debeissat
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Amélie V Guitart
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jean-Max Pasquet
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Brunet de la Grange
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Zoran Ivanovic
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Chai H, Wu J, Liu J, Liu T, Ren Q, Zheng X. δ-Tocopherol Enhances Docetaxel-Induced Growth Inhibition and Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer SKOV3 Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211002298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Docetaxel is the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for ovarian cancer. However, its clinical use is limited owing to its serious side effects. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to enhance the efficacy of docetaxel at lower doses in a less-toxic manner. In this study, we investigated whether δ-tocopherol could enhance the anti-tumor effects of docetaxel on ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells in vitro. For docetaxel and δ-tocopherol, IC50 values of 1.89 nM and 11.41 µM, respectively, were obtained, in SKOV3 cells. The combination of δ-tocopherol and docetaxel had a synergistic cell growth inhibition effect, with lower cell viability and more cell arrest at the S phase compared to either δ-tocopherol or docetaxel alone. In addition, the combination of δ-tocopherol and docetaxel had a synergistic cell apoptosis induction effect, with more apoptotic cells and reduced anti-apoptotic protein expression compared to either δ-tocopherol or docetaxel alone. Furthermore, we identified 3 hoursub genes (CAT, EP300, CREBBP), which predicted the prognosis of ovarian cancer, which correlated with δ-tocopherol and docetaxel. In conclusion, the combination of δ-tocopherol and docetaxel presented synergistic cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis induction effects in SKOV3 cells at a low dose, which suggesting that δ-tocopherol could improve the serious side effects of docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Chai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jugang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlei Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Qing Ren
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hainan West Central Hospital (Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Hainan Branch), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Hainan, China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Wu S, Chan C, Zhuang T, Li PK, Cheng X. A computational study of effects on membrane recruitment of the polar linkers in Vitamin E derivatives. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2020.129655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zulkiflee NS, Awang SA, Ming WX, Kamilan MFW, Mariappan MY, Kit TJ. In Silico Docking of Vitamin E Isomers on Transport Proteins. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2020; 16:467-472. [DOI: 10.2174/1573409915666190614113733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Vitamin E is comprised of α, β, γ and δ-tocopherols (Ts) and α, β, γ and δ-
tocotrienols (T3s). Vitamin E has neuroprotective antioxidant, anti-cancer, and cholesterol-lowering
effects. Intracellular trafficking of these isomers remains largely unknown, except for αT which is
selectively transported by αT transfer protein (αTTP).
Objective:
This study aimed to determine the binding of vitamin E isomers on transport proteins
using in silico docking.
Methods:
Transport proteins were selected using AmiGo Gene Ontology tool based on the same
molecular function annotation as αTTP. Protein structures were obtained from the Protein Data
Bank. Ligands structures were obtained from ZINC database. In silico docking was performed
using SwissDock.
Results and Discussion:
A total of 6 transport proteins were found: SEC14-like protein 2,
glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP), pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 8,
collagen type IV alpha-3-binding protein, ceramide-1-phosphate transfer protein and afamin.
Compared with other transport proteins, αTTP had the highest affinities for all isomers except βT3.
Binding order of vitamin E isomers toward αTTP was γT > βT > αT > δT > αT3 > γT3 > δT3 > βT3.
GLTP had a higher affinity for tocotrienols than tocopherols. βT3 bound stronger to GLTP than αTTP.
Conclusion:
αTTP remained as the most preferred transport protein for most of the isomers. The
binding affinity of αT toward αTTP was not the highest than other isomers suggested that other
intracellular trafficking mechanisms of these isomers may exist. GLTP may mediate the intracellular
transport of tocotrienols, especially βT3. Improving the bioavailability of these isomers may enhance
their beneficial effects to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Syeefa Zulkiflee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Siti Amilia Awang
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Woo Xian Ming
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | | | - M Yuveneshwari Mariappan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia
| | - Tan Jen Kit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000 Cheras, Malaysia
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Synthesis, distribution analysis and mechanism studies of N-acyl glucosamine-bearing oleanolic saponins. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103835. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Cheng
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Biophysics Graduate Program, Translational Data Analytics Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy C. Smith
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6309, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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16
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Zingg JM. Vitamin E: Regulatory Role on Signal Transduction. IUBMB Life 2018; 71:456-478. [PMID: 30556637 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin E modulates signal transduction pathways by several molecular mechanisms. As a hydrophobic molecule located mainly in membranes it contributes together with other lipids to the physical and structural characteristics such as membrane stability, curvature, fluidity, and the organization into microdomains (lipid rafts). By acting as the main lipid-soluble antioxidant, it protects other lipids such as mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and PUFA, respectively) against chemical reactions with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS, respectively) and prevents membrane destabilization and cellular dysfunction. In cells, vitamin E affects signaling in redox-dependent and redox-independent molecular mechanisms by influencing the activity of enzymes and receptors involved in modulating specific signal transduction and gene expression pathways. By protecting and preventing depletion of MUFA and PUFA it indirectly enables regulatory effects that are mediated by the numerous lipid mediators derived from these lipids. In recent years, some vitamin E metabolites have been observed to affect signal transduction and gene expression and their relevance for the regulatory function of vitamin E is beginning to be elucidated. In particular, the modulation of the CD36/FAT scavenger receptor/fatty acids transporter by vitamin E may influence many cellular signaling pathways relevant for lipid homeostasis, inflammation, survival/apoptosis, angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and senescence. Thus, vitamin E has an important role in modulating signal transduction and gene expression pathways relevant for its uptake, distribution, metabolism, and molecular action that when impaired affect physiological and patho-physiological cellular functions relevant for the prevention of a number of diseases. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 71(4):456-478, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
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17
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Abstract
Vitamin E is a lipid soluble vitamin comprising of eight natural isoforms, namely, α, β, δ, γ isoforms of tocopherol and α, β, δ, γ isoforms of tocotrienol. Many studies have been performed to elucidate its role in cancer. Until last decade, major focus was on alpha tocopherol and its anticancer effects. However, major clinical trials using alpha-tocopherol like SELECT trial and ATBC trial did not yield meaningful results. Hence there was a shift of focus to gamma-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol and tocotrienol. Unlike alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol can scavenge reactive nitrogen species in addition to reactive oxygen species. Antiangiogenic effect, inhibition of HMG CoA reductase enzyme and inhibition of NF-κB pathway make the anti-cancer effects of tocotrienols unique compared to other vitamin E isoforms. Preclinical research on non-alpha tocopherol isoforms of vitamin E showed promising data on their anticancer effects. In this review, we deal with the current understanding on the potential mechanisms involved in the anticancer effects of vitamin E and the controversies in this field over last three decades. We also highlight the need to conduct further research on the anticancer effects of non-alpha-tocopherol isoforms in larger population and clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Ajoe John Kattoor
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Tom Saldeen
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock , Arkansas , USA
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18
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Abstract
The hydrophobicity of vitamin E poses transport and metabolic challenges to regulate its bioavailability and to prevent its accumulation in lipid-rich tissues such as adipose tissue, brain, and liver. Water-soluble precursors of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, αT), such as its esters with acetate (αTA), succinate (αTS), or phosphate (αTP), have increased solubility in water and stability against reaction with free radicals, but they are rapidly converted during their uptake into the lipid-soluble vitamin E. Therefore, the bioavailability of these precursors as intact molecules is low; nevertheless, at least for αTS and αTP, the recent research has revealed unique regulatory effects on signal transduction and gene expression and the modulation of cellular events ranging from proliferation, survival/apoptosis, lipid uptake and metabolism, phagocytosis, long term potentiation, cell migration, telomere maintenance, and angiogenesis. Moreover, water-soluble derivatives of vitamin E including some based on αTP are increasingly used as components of nanocarriers for enhanced and targeted delivery of drugs and other molecules (vitamins, including αT and αTP itself, vitamin D3, carnosine, caffeine, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), insulin) and cofactors such as coenzyme Q10. In this review, the chemical characteristics, transport, metabolic pathways, and molecular mechanisms of action of αTP in cells and tissues are summarized and put into perspective with its possible role in the prevention of a number of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States.
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19
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Wang H, Yang X, Liu A, Wang G, Bosland MC, Yang CS. δ-Tocopherol inhibits the development of prostate adenocarcinoma in prostate specific Pten-/- mice. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:158-169. [PMID: 29121168 PMCID: PMC5862254 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The PTEN/PI3K/AKT axis plays a critical role in regulating cell growth, differentiation and survival. Activation of this signaling pathway is frequently found in human cancers. Our previous studies demonstrated that δ-tocopherol (δ-T) attenuates the activation of AKT by growth factor in prostate cancer cell lines, leading to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Herein, we investigated whether δ-T inhibits the development of prostate adenocarcinoma in prostate-specific Pten-/- (Ptenp-/-) mice in which the activation of AKT is the major driving force for tumorigenesis. By feeding Ptenp-/- mice with AIN93M or 0.2% δ-T supplemented diet starting at the age of 6 or 12 weeks, we found that δ-T treatment reduced prostate adenocarcinoma multiplicity at the age of 40 weeks by 53.3 and 42.7%, respectively. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis demonstrated that the phosphorylation of AKT (T308) was reduced in the prostate of the mice administered the δ-T diet. Consistently, proliferation was reduced and apoptosis was increased in prostate lesions of mice on the δ-T diet. Oxidative stress, as determined by IHC staining of 8-OH-dG, was not altered during prostate tumorigenesis, nor was it affected by administration of δ-T. In contrast, α-tocopherol (α-T) at 0.2% in the diet did not affect prostate adenocarcinoma multiplicity in the Ptenp-/- mice. This finding is consistent with data from our previous study that δ-T, but not α-T, inhibits the activation of AKT and the growth of prostate cancer cells. Together, these results demonstrate that δ-T inhibits the development of prostate adenocarcinoma in Ptenp-/- mice, mainly through inhibition of AKT activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
| | - Anna Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
| | - Guocan Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, USA
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20
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Ali MA, Eid RM, Hanafi MY. Vitamin C and E chronic supplementation differentially affect hepatic insulin signaling in rats. Life Sci 2018; 194:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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21
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Anand BG, Thomas CKN, Prakash S. In vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of Talaromyces flavus SP5 inhabited in the marine sediment of Southern Coast of India. Chin J Nat Med 2017; 14:913-921. [PMID: 28262118 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(17)30016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediment samples were collected from the coastal areas of Southern India, particularly in Kanyakumari District. Twenty-eight different fungal strains were isolated. The screening of fungi from marine sediment was done to isolate a potent fungus that can produce bioactive compounds for biomedical applications. Only three strains viz Trichoderma gamsii SP4, Talaromyces flavus SP5 and Aspergillus oryzae SP6 were screened for further studies. The intracellular bioactive compounds were extracted using solvent extraction method. The crude extracts were tested for its anti-microbial and anti-cancer properties and analytically characterized using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). All the three extracts were active, but the extract from T. flavus SP5 was found to be more active against various human pathogens, viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (17.8 ± 0.1), Escherichia coli ATCC 52922 (18.3 ± 0.3), and Candida tropicalis ATCC 750 (17.7 ± 0.4). It also exhibited cytotoxic activity against HEp2 carcinoma cell line with the LC50 value of 25.7 μg·L-1. The GC-MS data revealed the presence of effective bioactive compounds. These results revealed that the extract from isolated fungus T. flavus SP5 acted as a potent antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer agent, providing basic information on the potency of marine fungi towards biomedical applications; further investigation may lead to the development of novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibin G Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, Udaya School of Engineering, Udaya Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Biologically Inspired Systems Science, Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Old Residency Road, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - C K Navin Thomas
- Department of Biotechnology, Udaya School of Engineering, Udaya Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Prakash
- Department of Biotechnology, Udaya School of Engineering, Udaya Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India; Cherraan's Institute of Health Sciences, Tamil Nadu, India.
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22
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Ambrogini P, Betti M, Galati C, Di Palma M, Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Galli F, Cuppini R, Minelli A. α-Tocopherol and Hippocampal Neural Plasticity in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E2107. [PMID: 27983697 PMCID: PMC5187907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is an "umbrella term" referring to the complex, multifaceted physiological processes that mediate the ongoing structural and functional modifications occurring, at various time- and size-scales, in the ever-changing immature and adult brain, and that represent the basis for fundamental neurocognitive behavioral functions; in addition, maladaptive neuroplasticity plays a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric dysfunctions. Experiential cues and several endogenous and exogenous factors can regulate neuroplasticity; among these, vitamin E, and in particular α-tocopherol (α-T), the isoform with highest bioactivity, exerts potent effects on many plasticity-related events in both the physiological and pathological brain. In this review, the role of vitamin E/α-T in regulating diverse aspects of neuroplasticity is analyzed and discussed, focusing on the hippocampus, a brain structure that remains highly plastic throughout the lifespan and is involved in cognitive functions. Vitamin E-mediated influences on hippocampal synaptic plasticity and related cognitive behavior, on post-natal development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis, as well as on cellular and molecular disruptions in kainate-induced temporal seizures are described. Besides underscoring the relevance of its antioxidant properties, non-antioxidant functions of vitamin E/α-T, mainly involving regulation of cell signaling molecules and their target proteins, have been highlighted to help interpret the possible mechanisms underlying the effects on neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ambrogini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michele Betti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Galati
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Michael Di Palma
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Davide Lattanzi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - David Savelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cuppini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Minelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
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23
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TGFβ promotes mesenchymal phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells, in part, through epigenetic activation of VAV1. Oncogene 2016; 36:2202-2214. [PMID: 27893715 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The highly homeostasis-resistant nature of cancer cells leads to their escape from treatment and to liver metastasis, which in turn makes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) difficult to treat, especially the squamous/epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like subtype. As the molecular mechanisms underlying tumour heterogeneity remain elusive, we investigated whether epigenetic regulation might explain inter-individual differences in the progression of specific subtypes. DNA methylation profiling performed on cancer tissues prior to chemo/radiotherapy identified one hypermethylated CpG site (CpG6882469) in the VAV1 gene body that was correlated with demethylation of two promoter CpGs (CpG6772370/CpG6772811) in both PDAC and peripheral blood. Transforming growth factor β treatment induced gene-body hypermethylation, dissociation of DNMT1 from the promoter, and VAV1 expression via SMAD4 and mutant KrasG12D. Pharmacological inhibition of TGFβ-VAV1 signalling decreased the squamous/EMT-like cancer cells, promoted nuclear VAV1 localization, and enhanced the efficacy of gemcitabine in prolonging the survival of KPfl/flC mice. Together, the three VAV1 CpGs serve as biomarkers for prognosis and early detection, and the TGFβ-VAV1 axis represents a therapeutic target.
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24
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Synthesis of the vitamin E amino acid esters with an enhanced anticancer activity and in silico screening for new antineoplastic drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 88:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Yang CS, Chen JX, Wang H, Lim J. Lessons learned from cancer prevention studies with nutrients and non-nutritive dietary constituents. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1239-50. [PMID: 26865098 PMCID: PMC4933959 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have observed the association between dietary patterns and the risk of certain types of cancer. Extensive studies have been conducted on the cancer preventive activities of constituents from food and beverages. While laboratory research has shown impressive and promising results, such promising cancer preventive activities have not been demonstrated in many human intervention trials. This article analyzes the major differences between these different types of studies and the limitations of these studies. Animal and cell line studies usually use optimal conditions in order to demonstrate the hypothesized effects, sometimes without considering the human relevance. On the other hand, some clinical trials were designed without a good understanding of the biochemical and pharmacological properties of the agents used. Lessons learned from these studies will be illustrated using vitamin E, β-carotene and selenium as examples for nutrients, and green tea polyphenols as an example for non-nutritive dietary constituents. From the lessons learned, we believe that more interdisciplinary collaboration and integration of laboratory and human studies would effectively advance the field of cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung S. Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jayson X. Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Justin Lim
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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26
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Das Gupta S, Suh N. Tocopherols in cancer: An update. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1354-63. [PMID: 26751721 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherols exist in four forms designated as α, β, δ, and γ. Due to their strong antioxidant properties, tocopherols have been suggested to reduce the risk of cancer. Cancer prevention studies with tocopherols have mostly utilized α-tocopherol. Large-scale clinical trials with α-tocopherol provided inconsistent results regarding the cancer-preventive activities of tocopherols. This review summarizes our current understanding of the anticancer activities of different forms of tocopherols based on follow-up of the clinical trials, recent epidemiological evidences, and experimental studies using in vitro and in vivo models. The experimental data provide strong evidence in support of the anticancer activities of δ-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and the natural tocopherol mixture rich in γ-tocopherol, γ-TmT, over α-tocopherol. Such outcomes emphasize the need for detailed investigation into the cancer-preventive activities of different forms of tocopherols to provide a strong rationale for intervention studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyasri Das Gupta
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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27
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Gagic Z, Nikolic K, Ivkovic B, Filipic S, Agbaba D. QSAR studies and design of new analogs of vitamin E with enhanced antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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28
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Chen JX, Li G, Wang H, Liu A, Lee MJ, Reuhl K, Suh N, Bosland MC, Yang CS. Dietary tocopherols inhibit PhIP-induced prostate carcinogenesis in CYP1A-humanized mice. Cancer Lett 2015; 371:71-8. [PMID: 26582657 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tocopherols, the major forms of vitamin E, exist as alpha-tocopherol (α-T), β-T, γ-T and δ-T. The cancer preventive activity of vitamin E is suggested by epidemiological studies, but recent large-scale cancer prevention trials with high dose of α-T yielded disappointing results. Our hypothesis that other forms of tocopherols have higher cancer preventive activities than α-T was tested, herein, in a novel prostate carcinogenesis model induced by 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP), a dietary carcinogen, in the CYP1A-humanized (hCYP1A) mice. Treatment of hCYP1A mice with PhIP (200 mg/kg b.w., i.g.) induced high percentages of mouse prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN), mainly in the dorsolateral glands. Supplementation with a γ-T-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT, 0.3% in diet) significantly inhibited the development of mPIN lesions and reduced PhIP-induced elevation of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine, COX-2, nitrotyrosine, Ki-67 and p-AKT, and the loss of PTEN and Nrf2. Further studies with purified δ-T, γ-T or α-T (0.2% in diet) showed that δ-T was more effective than γ-T or α-T in preventing mPIN formations and p-AKT elevation. These results indicate that γ-TmT and δ-T could be effective preventive agents of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayson X Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Toxicology, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Guangxun Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Anna Liu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Mao-Jung Lee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kenneth Reuhl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Nanjoo Suh
- Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
| | - Maarten C Bosland
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chung S Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, NJ, USA; Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
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29
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Membrane and Protein Interactions of the Pleckstrin Homology Domain Superfamily. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:646-63. [PMID: 26512702 PMCID: PMC4704004 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The human genome encodes about 285 proteins that contain at least one annotated pleckstrin homology (PH) domain. As the first phosphoinositide binding module domain to be discovered, the PH domain recruits diverse protein architectures to cellular membranes. PH domains constitute one of the largest protein superfamilies, and have diverged to regulate many different signaling proteins and modules such as Dbl homology (DH) and Tec homology (TH) domains. The ligands of approximately 70 PH domains have been validated by binding assays and complexed structures, allowing meaningful extrapolation across the entire superfamily. Here the Membrane Optimal Docking Area (MODA) program is used at a genome-wide level to identify all membrane docking PH structures and map their lipid-binding determinants. In addition to the linear sequence motifs which are employed for phosphoinositide recognition, the three dimensional structural features that allow peripheral membrane domains to approach and insert into the bilayer are pinpointed and can be predicted ab initio. The analysis shows that conserved structural surfaces distinguish which PH domains associate with membrane from those that do not. Moreover, the results indicate that lipid-binding PH domains can be classified into different functional subgroups based on the type of membrane insertion elements they project towards the bilayer.
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30
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Wang H, Hong J, Yang CS. δ-Tocopherol inhibits receptor tyrosine kinase-induced AKT activation in prostate cancer cells. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1728-1738. [PMID: 26465359 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cancer preventive activity of vitamin E is suggested by epidemiological studies and supported by animal studies with vitamin E forms, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol (δ-T). Several recent large-scale cancer prevention trials with high dose of α-tocopherol, however, yielded disappointing results. Whether vitamin E prevents or promotes cancer is a serious concern. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of action of the different forms of tocopherols would enhance our understanding of this topic. In this study, we demonstrated that δ-T was the most effective tocopherol form in inhibiting prostate cancer cell growth, by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. By profiling the effects of δ-T on the cell signaling using the phospho-kinase array, we found that the most inhibited target was the phosphorylation of AKT on T308. Further study on the activation of AKT by EGFR and IGFR revealed that δ-T attenuated the EGF/IGF-induced activation of AKT (via the phosphorylation of AKT on T308 induced by the activation of PIK3). Expression of dominant active PIK3 and AKT in prostate cancer cell line DU145 in which PIK3, AKT, and PTEN are wild type caused the cells to be reflectory to the inhibition of δ-T, supporting that δ-T inhibits the PIK3-mediated activation of AKT. Our data also suggest that δ-T interferes with the EGF-induced EGFR internalization, which leads to the inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent activation of AKT. In summary, our results revealed a novel mechanism of δ-T in inhibiting prostate cancer cell growth, supporting the cancer preventive activity δ-T. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
| | - Jungil Hong
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chung S Yang
- Susan L. Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology and Center for Cancer Prevention Research, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136-6129;
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Yan R, Chuang HC, Kapuriya N, Chou CC, Lai PT, Chang HW, Yang CN, Kulp SK, Chen CS. Exploitation of the ability of γ-tocopherol to facilitate membrane co-localization of Akt and PHLPP1 to develop PHLPP1-targeted Akt inhibitors. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2290-8. [PMID: 25689347 DOI: 10.1021/jm501751b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that Akt inactivation by γ-tocopherol (2) in PTEN-negative prostate cancer cells resulted from its unique ability to facilitate membrane co-localization of Akt and PHLPP1 (PH domain leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase isoform 1), a Ser473-specific Akt phosphatase, through pleckstrin homology (PH) domain binding. This finding provided a basis for exploiting 2 to develop a novel class of PHLPP1-targeted Akt inhibitors. Here, we used 3 (γ-VE5), a side chain-truncated 2 derivative, as a scaffold for lead optimization. The proof-of-concept of this structural optimization was obtained by 20, which exhibited higher antitumor efficacy than 3 in PTEN-negative cancer cells through PHLPP1-facilitated Akt inactivation. Like 3, 20 preferentially recognized the PH domains of Akt and PHLPP1, as its binding affinities for other PH domains, including those of ILK and PDK1, were an order-of-magnitude lower. Moreover, 20 was orally active in suppressing xenograft tumor growth in nude mice, which underlines the translational potential of this new class of Akt inhibitor in PTEN-deficient cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ribai Yan
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Zingg JM, Azzi A, Meydani M. Induction of VEGF Expression by Alpha-Tocopherol and Alpha-Tocopheryl Phosphate via PI3Kγ/PKB and hTAP1/SEC14L2-Mediated Lipid Exchange. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:398-407. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory; JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory; JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory; JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging; Tufts University; Boston MA 02111 USA
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Monlezun DJ, Tsai P, Sarris L, Harlan TS. Recipe for cancer education: a novel integrated cooking and nutrition education curriculum for medical students and physicians in dietary preventive and supplemental treatment for pancreatic cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12682-014-0190-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cook-Mills JM, Avila PC. Vitamin E and D regulation of allergic asthma immunopathogenesis. Int Immunopharmacol 2014; 23:364-72. [PMID: 25175918 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma occurs as complex interactions of the environmental and genetics. Clinical studies and animal models of asthma indicate dietary factors such as vitamin E and vitamin D as protective for asthma risk. In this review, we discuss opposing regulatory functions of tocopherol isoforms of vitamin E and regulatory functions of vitamin D in asthma and how the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by these dietary components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Pedro C Avila
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Uyanik M, Hayashi H, Ishihara K. High-turnover hypoiodite catalysis for asymmetric synthesis of tocopherols. Science 2014; 345:291-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1254976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Zingg JM, Libinaki R, Meydani M, Azzi A. Modulation of phosphorylation of tocopherol and phosphatidylinositol by hTAP1/SEC14L2-mediated lipid exchange. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101550. [PMID: 24983950 PMCID: PMC4077815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vitamin E derivative, alpha-tocopheryl phosphate (αTP), is detectable in cultured cells, plasma and tissues in small amounts, suggesting the existence of enzyme(s) with α-tocopherol (αT) kinase activity. Here, we characterize the production of αTP from αT and [γ-32P]-ATP in primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCA-SMC) using separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and subsequent analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). In addition to αT, although to a lower amount, also γT is phosphorylated. In THP-1 monocytes, γTP inhibits cell proliferation and reduces CD36 scavenger receptor expression more potently than αTP. Both αTP and γTP activate the promoter of the human vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene with similar potency, whereas αT and γT had no significant effect. The recombinant human tocopherol associated protein 1 (hTAP1, hSEC14L2) binds both αT and αTP and stimulates phosphorylation of αT possibly by facilitating its transport and presentation to a putative αT kinase. Recombinant hTAP1 reduces the in vitro activity of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) indicating the formation of a stalled/inactive hTAP1/PI3Kγ heterodimer. The addition of αT, βT, γT, δT or αTP differentially stimulates PI3Kγ, suggesting facilitated egress of sequestered PI from hTAP1 to the enzyme. It is suggested that the continuous competitive exchange of different lipophilic ligands in hTAPs with cell enzymes and membranes may be a way to make these lipophiles more accessible as substrates for enzymes and as components of specific membrane domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Marc Zingg
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Roksan Libinaki
- Dept. Biochem. and Mol. Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mohsen Meydani
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Angelo Azzi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, JM USDA-Human Nutr. Res. Ctr. On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Peralta-Ramírez A, Montes de Oca A, Raya AI, Pineda C, López I, Guerrero F, Diez E, Muñoz-Castañeda JR, Martinez J, Almaden Y, Rodríguez M, Aguilera-Tejero E. Vitamin E protection of obesity-enhanced vascular calcification in uremic rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 306:F422-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00355.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the extent of extraskeletal calcification in uremic Zucker rats, by comparing obese and lean phenotypes, and to evaluate the influence of vitamin E (VitE) on the development of calcifications in both uremic rats and human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) cultured in vitro. Zucker rats of lean and obese phenotypes with normal renal function [control (C); C-lean and C-obese groups] and with uremia [5/6 nephrectomy (Nx); Nx-lean and Nx-obese groups] and uremic rats treated with VitE (Nx-lean + VitE and Nx-obese + VitE groups) were studied. Uremic groups were subjected to Nx, fed a 0.9% phosphorus diet, and treated with calcitriol (80 ng/kg ip). The aortic calcium concentration was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in Nx-obese rats (10.0 ± 2.1 mg/g tissue) than in Nx-lean rats (3.6 ± 1.3 mg/g tissue). A decrease in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in Nx-obese rats compared with Nx-lean rats (217.2 ± 18.2 vs. 382.3 ± 15.5 nmol·min−1·ml−1, P < 0.05). Treatment with VitE restored glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced the aortic calcium concentration to 4.6 ± 1.3 mg/g tissue. The differences in mineral deposition between Nx-lean, Nx-obese, Nx-lean + VitE, and Nx-obese + VitE rats were also evidenced in other soft tissues. In HVSMCs incubated with high phosphate, VitE also prevented oxidative stress and reduced calcium content, bone alkaline phosphatase, and gene expression of core-binding factor-α1. In conclusion, uremic obese rats develop more severe calcifications than uremic lean rats and VitE reduces oxidative stress and vascular calcifications in both rats and cultures of HVSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Peralta-Ramírez
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua, Leon, Nicaragua
| | - A. Montes de Oca
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - A. I. Raya
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - C. Pineda
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - I. López
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - F. Guerrero
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - E. Diez
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - J. R. Muñoz-Castañeda
- Unidad de Investigacion y Servicio de Nefrología (Red in Ren), Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - J. Martinez
- Unidad de Investigacion y Servicio de Nefrología (Red in Ren), Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Y. Almaden
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, and Centros de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and
| | - M. Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigacion y Servicio de Nefrología (Red in Ren), Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - E. Aguilera-Tejero
- Departmento Medicina y Cirugia Animal, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Cook-Mills JM, Abdala-Valencia H, Hartert T. Two faces of vitamin E in the lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188:279-84. [PMID: 23905522 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303-0503ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and allergic lung disease occur as complex environmental and genetic interactions. Clinical studies of asthma indicate a number of protective dietary factors, such as vitamin E, on asthma risk. However, these studies have had seemingly conflicting outcomes. In this perspective, we discuss opposing regulatory effects of tocopherol isoforms of vitamin E, mechanisms for tocopherol isoform regulation of allergic lung inflammation, association of vitamin E isoforms with outcomes in clinical studies, and how the variation in global prevalence of asthma may be explained, at least in part, by vitamin E isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan M Cook-Mills
- Allergy-Immunology Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Chen CS, VanHook AM. Science Signaling
Podcast: 19 March 2013. Sci Signal 2013. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E promotes dephosphorylation of the kinase Akt to suppress the growth of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shih Chen
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng-Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Annalisa M. VanHook
- Web Editor, Science Signaling, American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA
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