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Sirong C, Zhang K, Yang Y, Zhong Y, Sun P, Zanhong W. Association between systemic lupus erythematosus and common female reproductive system malignancies. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:341. [PMID: 39120776 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes are important for protective immunity against infections and cancers, and dysregulation of the immune system may lead to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Metabolic adaptation regulates the fate of lymphocytes. The immune microenvironment is vital role in both SLE and gynecological malignancies. The disruption of the immune microenvironment in SLE is one of the key factors leading to disease occurrence. Overactive autoimmunity indices the body to attack its own tissues, leading to the formation of immune complexes that further trigger tissue damage and inflammation. This imbalance in the immune microenvironment affects the progression of SLE and may also indirectly affect the occurrence of gynecological cancers. For gynecological cancers, immune cells, cytokines, and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment jointly comprise a complex network, and their interactions determine cancer growth, invasion, and metastasis. Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that SLE does not have a statistically significant causal effect on the risk of common cancers of the female reproductive system such as cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers in the European population. However, the odds ratio < 1 in the inverse variance weighted results suggest the potential of SLE as a protective factor for endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Sirong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology of Gastrointestinal Pancreatic Tumors, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yinxia Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Pengyu Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Wang Zanhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
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May CK, Noble PW, Herzog EL, Meffre E, Hansen JE. Nuclear-penetrating scleroderma autoantibody inhibits topoisomerase 1 cleavage complex formation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 720:150123. [PMID: 38759301 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The contributions of anti-Topoisomerase 1 (Top1) autoantibodies to the pathophysiology of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc), the most aggressive scleroderma subtype, are unknown. Top1 catalyzes DNA relaxation and unwinding in cell nuclei, a site previously considered inaccessible to antibodies. The discovery of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus that penetrate nuclei and inhibit DNA repair raised the possibility that nuclear-penetrating autoantibodies contribute to mechanisms of autoimmunity. Here we show that an anti-Top1 autoantibody produced by a single B cell clone from a patient with dcSSc penetrates live cells and localizes into nuclei. Functionally, the autoantibody inhibits formation of the Top1 cleavage complex necessary for DNA nicking, which distinguishes it from cytotoxic camptothecin Top1 inhibitors used in cancer therapy that trap the cleavage complex rather than preventing its formation. Discovery of a patient-derived cell-penetrating scleroderma anti-Top1 autoantibody that inhibits Top1 cleavage complex formation supports the hypothesis that anti-Top1 autoantibodies contribute to cellular dysfunction in dcSSc and offers a valuable antibody reagent resource for future studies on anti-Top1 autoantibody contributions to scleroderma pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K May
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Philip W Noble
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Yale School of Medicine, 300 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - James E Hansen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, 15 York St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Yale Cancer Center, 333 Cedar St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Martins YC, Rosa-Gonçalves P, Daniel-Ribeiro CT. Theories of immune recognition: Is anybody right? Immunology 2024. [PMID: 39034280 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The clonal selection theory (CST) is the centrepiece of the current paradigm used to explain immune recognition and memory. Throughout the past decades, the original CST had been expanded and modified to explain new experimental evidences since its original publication by Burnet. This gave origin to new paradigms that govern experimental immunology nowadays, such as the associative recognition of antigen model and the stranger/danger signal model. However, these new theories also do not fully explain experimental findings such as natural autoimmune immunoglobulins, idiotypic networks, low and high dose tolerance, and dual-receptor T and B cells. To make sense of these empirical data, some authors have been trying to change the paradigm of immune cognition using a systemic approach, analogies with brain processing and concepts from second-order cybernetics. In the present paper, we review the CST and some of the theories/hypotheses derived from it, focusing on immune recognition. We point out their main weaknesses and highlight arguments made by their opponents and believers. We conclude that, until now, none of the proposed theories can fully explain the totality of immune phenomena and that a theory of everything is needed in immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Chaves Martins
- Department of Anesthesiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Pamela Rosa-Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz and Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kosałka-Węgiel J, Pacholczak-Madej R, Dziedzic R, Siwiec-Koźlik A, Spałkowska M, Milewski M, Zaręba L, Bazan-Socha S, Korkosz M. Malignancy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to disease characteristics in 92 patients - a single center retrospective study. Rheumatol Int 2024:10.1007/s00296-024-05623-3. [PMID: 38850326 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05623-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a variable clinical manifestation, potentially leading to death. Importantly, patients with SLE have an increased risk of neoplastic disorders. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with SLE and with or without malignancy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of medical records of 932 adult Caucasian patients with SLE treated at the University Hospital in Kraków, Poland, from 2012 to 2022. We collected demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, but also treatment modalities with disease outcomes. RESULTS Among 932 patients with SLE, malignancy was documented in 92 (9.87%), with 7 (7.61%) patients experiencing more than one such complication. Non-hematologic malignancies were more prevalent (n = 77, 83.7%) than hematologic malignancies (n = 15, 16.3%). Patients with SLE and malignancy had a higher mean age of SLE onset and a longer mean disease duration than patients without malignancy (p < 0.001 and p = 0.027, respectively). The former group also presented more frequently with weight loss (odds ratio [OR] = 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-4.23, p < 0.001), fatigue/weakness (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.22-3.77, p = 0.005), and fever (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.06-2.69, p = 0.024). In the malignancy-associated group, we noticed a higher prevalence of some clinical manifestations, such as pulmonary hypertension (OR = 3.47, 95% CI 1.30-8.42, p = 0.007), lung involvement (OR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.35-4.92, p = 0.003) with pleural effusion (OR = 2.39, 95% CI 1.43-3.94, p < 0.001), and anemia (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.29-4.38, p = 0.006). Moreover, the patients with SLE and malignancy more frequently had internal comorbidities, including peripheral arterial obliterans disease (OR = 3.89, 95% CI 1.86-7.75, p < 0.001), myocardial infarction (OR = 3.08, 95% CI 1.41-6.30, p = 0.003), heart failure (OR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.30-6.17, p = 0.005), diabetes mellitus (OR = 2.15, 95% CI 1.14-3.91, p = 0.011), hypothyroidism (OR = 2.08, 95% CI 1.29-3.34, p = 0.002), arterial hypertension (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.23-3.23, p = 0.003), and hypercholesterolemia (OR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.18-3.00, p = 0.006). Patients with SLE and malignancy were treated more often with aggressive immunosuppressive therapies, including cyclophosphamide (OR = 2.07, 95% CI 1.30-3.28, p = 0.002), however median cumulative cyclophosphamide dose in malignancy-associated SLE subgroup was 0 g (0-2 g). Interestingly, over a median follow-up period of 14 years (ranges: 8-22 years) a total of 47 patients with SLE died, with 16 cases (5.28%) in the malignancy-associated SLE group and 31 cases (5.73%) in the non-malignancy SLE group (p = 0.76). The most common causes of death were infections (21.28%) and SLE exacerbation (8.51%). CONCLUSION The study highlights the relatively frequent presence of malignancies in patients with SLE, a phenomenon that demands oncological vigilance, especially in patients with a severe clinical course and comorbidities, to improve long-term outcomes in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kosałka-Węgiel
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland.
| | - Renata Pacholczak-Madej
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Kraków Branch, Garncarska 11, Kraków, 31-115, Poland
- Department of Chemotherapy, The District Hospital, Szpitalna 22, Sucha Beskidzka, 34-200, Poland
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 12, Kraków, 31-034, Poland
| | - Radosław Dziedzic
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Św. Łazarza 16, Kraków, 31-530, Poland
| | - Andżelika Siwiec-Koźlik
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Magdalena Spałkowska
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Botaniczna 3, Kraków, 31-501, Poland
| | - Mamert Milewski
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Lech Zaręba
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, Rzeszów, 35-310, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korkosz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Jakubowskiego 2, Kraków, 30-688, Poland
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Motta RV, Culver EL. IgG4 autoantibodies and autoantigens in the context of IgG4-autoimmune disease and IgG4-related disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1272084. [PMID: 38433835 PMCID: PMC10904653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1272084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are an essential part of the humoral immune response. IgG4 antibodies are the least prevalent subclass and have unique structural and functional properties. In this review, we discuss IgG4 class switch and B cell production. We review the importance of IgG4 antibodies in the context of allergic responses, helminth infections and malignancy. We discuss their anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic effects in allergen-specific immunotherapy, and ability to evade the immune system in parasitic infection and tumour cells. We then focus on the role of IgG4 autoantibodies and autoantigens in IgG4-autoimmune diseases and IgG4-related disease, highlighting important parallels and differences between them. In IgG4-autoimmune diseases, pathogenesis is based on a direct role of IgG4 antibodies binding to self-antigens and disturbing homeostasis. In IgG4-related disease, where affected organs are infiltrated with IgG4-expressing plasma cells, IgG4 antibodies may also directly target a number of self-antigens or be overexpressed as an epiphenomenon of the disease. These antigen-driven processes require critical T and B cell interaction. Lastly, we explore the current gaps in our knowledge and how these may be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo V. Motta
- Translational Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. Culver
- Translational Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Soussan S, Pupier G, Cremer I, Joubert PE, Sautès-Fridman C, Fridman W, Sibéril S. Unraveling the complex interplay between anti-tumor immune response and autoimmunity mediated by B cells and autoantibodies in the era of anti-checkpoint monoclonal antibody therapies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1343020. [PMID: 38318190 PMCID: PMC10838986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1343020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate relationship between anti-tumor immunity and autoimmunity is a complex yet crucial aspect of cancer biology. Tumor microenvironment often exhibits autoimmune features, a phenomenon that involves natural autoimmunity and the induction of humoral responses against self-antigens during tumorigenesis. This induction is facilitated by the orchestration of anti-tumor immunity, particularly within organized structures like tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). Paradoxically, a significant number of cancer patients do not manifest autoimmune features during the course of their illness, with rare instances of paraneoplastic syndromes. This discrepancy can be attributed to various immune-mediated locks, including regulatory or suppressive immune cells, anergic autoreactive lymphocytes, or induction of effector cells exhaustion due to chronic stimulation. Overcoming these locks holds the risk to induce autoimmune mechanisms during cancer progression, a phenomenon notably observed with anti-immune checkpoint therapies, in contrast to more conventional treatments like chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Therefore, the challenge arises in managing immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment, as decoupling them from the anti-tumor activity poses a significant clinical dilemma. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the link between B-cell driven anti-tumor responses and autoimmune reactions in cancer patients, and discusses the clinical implications of this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Sibéril
- Centre de recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U1138, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Assassi S. Autoantibody and Cancer Connection in Systemic Sclerosis: Type and Overlap Matter. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024; 76:11-13. [PMID: 37551618 DOI: 10.1002/art.42669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
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Hsu CH, Yu YL. The interconnected roles of TRIM21/Ro52 in systemic lupus erythematosus, primary Sjögren's syndrome, cancers, and cancer metabolism. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:289. [PMID: 37993883 PMCID: PMC10664372 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03143-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tripartite motif-containing 21 (TRIM21/Ro52), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an essential regulator of innate immunity, and its dysregulation is closely associated with the development of autoimmune diseases, predominantly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). TRIM21 /Ro52 also features anti-cancer and carcinogenic functions according to different malignancies. The interconnected role of TRIM21/Ro52 in regulating autoimmunity and cell metabolism in autoimmune diseases and malignancies is implicated. In this review, we summarize current findings on how TRIM21/Ro52 affects inflammation and tumorigenesis, and investigate the relationship between TRIM21/Ro52 expression and the formation of lymphoma and breast cancer in SLE and pSS populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh-Hsuan Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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Nguyen TMC, Hoang LDC, Nguyen TKG, Nguyen TN, Nguyen QC, Nguyen TB, Dang HHQ, Bui VC, Pham TM, Nguyen TT. Safety assessment, radioiodination and preclinical evaluation of antinuclear antibody as novel medication for prostate cancer in mouse xenograft model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18753. [PMID: 37907691 PMCID: PMC10618443 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45984-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to provide in vitro and in vivo data to support the utilization of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) as novel tools for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers. The hematological, biochemical, and histological toxicities of ANAs were assessed at the doses of 5 and 50 μg per mouse. Radiolabeling study was then conducted with ANA and 131I using the chloramine T method, and the biodistribution and treatment efficacy were subsequently investigated in a PC3 xenograft model. No changes in clinical behavior or signs of intoxication, necrosis, or malignancy were observed in ANA-treated mice. 131I-ANA was obtained in very high yield and radiochemical purity, at 94.97 ± 0.98% and 98.56 ± 0.29%, respectively. They achieved immunoreactivity fraction of 0.841 ± 0.17% with PC-3 cells. Levels of radiolabeled ANAs were 1.15-10.14 times higher in tumor tissues than in other examined organs at 24 h post-injection. The tumor growth inhibition rates were 28.33 ± 5.01% in PC3 xenografts mice treated with 131I-ANAs compared with controls and a nearly twofold improvement in median survival was observed. These results demonstrate that radioimmunotherapy of radiolabeled natural ANAs may be an effective treatment for prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Minh Chau Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Thi Khanh Giang Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Quang Chien Nguyen
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Vietnam Military Medical University, Military Hospital 103, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Ho Hong Quang Dang
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Bui
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Minh Pham
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Nguyen
- Center for Research and Production of Radioisotopes, Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc Street, Dalat, Lam-Dong, Vietnam.
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Tsang ES, Munster PN. Targeting RAD51-Mediated Homologous Recombination as a Treatment for Advanced Solid and Hematologic Malignancies: Opportunities and Challenges Ahead. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1509-1518. [PMID: 36536949 PMCID: PMC9758980 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s322297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
RAD51 is integral in homologous recombination DNA damage repair and has garnered much interest as both a biomarker and potential therapeutic target in oncology. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated its role as a predictive marker, particularly in the context of platinum-based therapies and poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. In this review, we highlight the development of RAD51 inhibitors, with a focus on novel molecules and ongoing clinical trials. Despite many efforts to develop effective and tolerable direct RAD51 inhibitors, identification of these agents remains challenging. Clinically, however, there may be a role of pharmacological indirect RAD51 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Tsang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Pamela N Munster
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Wan A, Zhao WD, Tao JH. Causal effects of systemic lupus erythematosus on endometrial cancer: A univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:930243. [PMID: 36263221 PMCID: PMC9575983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.930243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been observationally associated with endometrial cancer, but the causality remains unclear. Here, we investigated for the first time the causal links between SLE and endometrial cancer risk.MethodsUnivariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to disentangle the causality of SLE with endometrial cancer. Apart from the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary MR estimate, three complementary MR techniques including weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger regression in univariable MR were conducted to clarify the robustness of the causal estimate and mediation effects of the body mass index (BMI) and were investigated within multivariable MR-IVW and MR-Egger analyses.ResultsAll univariable MR analyses consistently suggested that SLE has a protective effect on the risk of overall endometrial cancer (IVW: OR = 0.956, 95% CI = 0.932-0.981, P = 0.001) and endometrioid endometrial cancer (IVW: OR = 0.965, 95% CI = 0.933-0.999, P = 0.043). More compelling, after adjustment for BMI within the multivariable MR setting, the association between SLE and decreased risk of overall endometrial cancer was significantly stronger (IVW: OR = 0.952, 95% CI = 0.931-0.973, P = 9.58E-06).ConclusionsOur findings provide evidence of a significant causal relationship between SLE and decreased endometrial cancer risk. Further understanding of the underlying mechanisms linking SLE with endometrial cancer is therefore needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Wan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hui Tao, ; Wei-Dong Zhao,
| | - Jin-Hui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Jin-Hui Tao, ; Wei-Dong Zhao,
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Hardenbergh D, Molina E, Naik R, Geetha D, Chaturvedi S, Timlin H. Factors mediating cancer risk in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2022; 31:1285-1295. [PMID: 36059254 DOI: 10.1177/09612033221122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are at an elevated risk for certain cancers compared to the population at large. Cancers seen at higher rates in the SLE population include hematologic malignancies, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and cancers of the lung and thyroid. SLE patients also have a decreased risk for certain malignancies, such as breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. We review the literature on risk factors for malignancy in patients with SLE and discuss the exogenous and innate factors that are thought to contribute to the unique pattern of cancer risk observed in this patient population. These risk factors are important for providers of SLE patients to understand in order to maintain high clinical suspicion and detect malignancy as soon as possible. Further research is needed to determine the most effective guidelines on counseling patients on cancer screening and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Molina
- 1501Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rakhi Naik
- Division of Hematology, 1501Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Duvuru Geetha
- Division of Nephrology, 1501Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shruti Chaturvedi
- Division of Hematology, 1501Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Homa Timlin
- Division of Rheumatology, 1501Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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13
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Dedousis D, Vassiliou AN, Cao S, Yammani D, Kyasaram RK, Shanahan J, Keinath MC, Zhang AL, Hsu ML, Fu P, Dowlati A. Comparing Survival in Patients With Lung Cancer With and Without a History of Common Autoimmune Disease. JTO Clin Res Rep 2022; 3:100375. [PMID: 35992245 PMCID: PMC9386095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2022.100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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14
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B-Cell-Based Immunotherapy: A Promising New Alternative. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060879. [PMID: 35746487 PMCID: PMC9227543 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of immunotherapy has undergone radical conceptual changes over the last decade. There are various examples of immunotherapy, including the use of monoclonal antibodies, cancer vaccines, tumor-infecting viruses, cytokines, adjuvants, and autologous T cells carrying chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that can bind cancer-specific antigens known as adoptive immunotherapy. While a lot has been achieved in the field of T-cell immunotherapy, only a fraction of patients (20%) see lasting benefits from this mode of treatment, which is why there is a critical need to turn our attention to other immune cells. B cells have been shown to play both anti- and pro-tumorigenic roles in tumor tissue. In this review, we shed light on the dual nature of B cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discussed the different factors affecting the biology and function of B cells in tumors. In the third section, we described B-cell-based immunotherapies and their clinical applications and challenges. These current studies provide a springboard for carrying out future mechanistic studies to help us unleash the full potential of B cells in immunotherapy.
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15
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Oberemok VV, Andreeva OA, Laikova KV, Novikov IA, Kubyshkin AV. Post-genomic platform for development of oligonucleotide vaccines against RNA viruses: diamond cuts diamond. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:729-739. [PMID: 35523969 PMCID: PMC9075145 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has starkly demonstrated the need to create highly effective vaccines against various viral diseases. The emerging new platforms for vaccine creation (adenovirus vectors and mRNA vaccines) have shown their worth in the fight against the prevention of coronavirus infection. However, adenovirus vectors and mRNA vaccines have a serious disadvantage: as a rule, only the S protein of the coronavirus is presented as an antigen. This tactic for preventing infection allows the ever-mutating virus to escape quickly from the immunity protection provided by such vaccines. Today, viral genomic databases are well-developed, which makes it possible to create new vaccines on a fundamentally new post-genomic platform. In addition, the technology for the synthesis of nucleic acids is currently experiencing an upsurge in demand in various fields of molecular biology. The accumulated experience suggests that the unique genomic sequences of viruses can act as antigens that trigger powerful humoral and cellular immunity. To achieve this effect, the following conditions must be created: the structure of the nucleic acid must be single-stranded, have a permanent 3D nanostructure, and have a unique sequence absent in the vaccinated organism. Oligonucleotide vaccines are able to resist the rapidly changing genomic sequences of RNA viruses by using conserved regions of their genomes to generate a long-term immune response, acting according to the adage that a diamond cuts a diamond. In addition, oligonucleotide vaccines will not contribute to antibody-dependent enhanced infection, since the nucleic acid of the coronavirus is inside the viral particle. It is obvious that new epidemics and pandemics caused by RNA viruses will continue to arise periodically in the human population. The creation of new, safe, and effective platforms for the production of vaccines that can flexibly change and adapt to new subtypes of viruses is very urgent and at this moment should be considered as a strategically necessary task.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Oberemok
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea. .,Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea.
| | - O A Andreeva
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea.,Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - K V Laikova
- Biochemistry Department, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - I A Novikov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
| | - A V Kubyshkin
- Engineering Center 'Genetic and Cell Biotechnologies', V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
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16
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Pol J, Paillet J, Plantureux C, Kroemer G. Beneficial autoimmunity and maladaptive inflammation shape epidemiological links between cancer and immune-inflammatory diseases. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2029299. [PMID: 35070497 PMCID: PMC8773133 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2029299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pol
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Juliette Paillet
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Céleste Plantureux
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Par La Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Centre de Recherche Des Cordeliers, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Ap-hp, Paris, France
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
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17
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Fiorentino DF, Mecoli CA, Rosen MC, Chung LS, Christopher-Stine L, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L. Immune responses to CCAR1 and other dermatomyositis autoantigens are associated with attenuated cancer emergence. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:150201. [PMID: 35040440 PMCID: PMC8759791 DOI: 10.1172/jci150201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporal clustering of a cancer diagnosis with dermatomyositis (DM) onset is strikingly associated with autoantibodies against transcriptional intermediary factor 1-γ (TIF1-γ). Nevertheless, many patients with anti–TIF1-γ antibodies never develop cancer. We investigated whether additional autoantibodies are found in anti–TIF1-γ–positive patients without cancer. METHODS Using a proteomic approach, we defined 10 previously undescribed autoantibody specificities in 5 index anti–TIF1-γ–positive DM patients without cancer. These were subsequently examined in discovery (n = 110) and validation (n = 142) cohorts of DM patients with anti–TIF1-γ autoantibodies. RESULTS We identified 10 potentially novel autoantibodies in anti–TIF1-γ–positive DM patients, 6 with frequencies ranging from 3% to 32% in 2 independent DM cohorts. Autoantibodies recognizing cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator protein 1 (CCAR1) were the most frequent, and were significantly negatively associated with contemporaneous cancer (discovery cohort OR 0.27 [95% CI 0.7–1.00], P = 0.050; validation cohort OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.03–0.59], P = 0.008). When cancer did emerge, it occurred significantly later in anti-CCAR1–positive compared with anti-CCAR1–negative patients (median time from DM onset 4.3 vs. 0.85 years, respectively; P = 0.006). Cancers that emerged were more likely to be localized (89% of anti-CCAR1–positive cancers presenting at stage 0 or 1 compared with 42% of patients without anti-CCAR1 antibodies, P = 0.02). As the number of additional autoantibody specificities increased in anti–TIF1-γ–positive DM patients, the frequency of cancer decreased (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION As the diversity of immune responses in anti–TIF1-γ DM patients increases, the likelihood of cancer emerging decreases. Our findings have important relevance for cancer risk stratification in DM patients and for understanding natural immune regulation of cancer in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable. FUNDING SOURCES The NIH, the Donald B. and Dorothy L. Stabler Foundation, and the Huayi and Siuling Zhang Discovery Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Fiorentino
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Christopher A Mecoli
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew C Rosen
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lorinda S Chung
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lisa Christopher-Stine
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Antony Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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18
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Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang P, Guo J, Sun J, Lu J, Liu S. Hematological malignancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis-a case-control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:5. [PMID: 34980230 PMCID: PMC8722144 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02692-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and complex multi-system autoimmune disorder. Higher risks of hematological malignancies (HM) were observed in SLE patients, which was associated with higher mortality. The mechanism and risk factors of HM oncogenesis in SLE patients are still under investigation. The aim of this study was to explore clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognosis of SLE patients with or without HM in the Chinese population. METHODS A retrospective, case-controlled study was conducted in 72 SLE patients between January 2013 and December 2020. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and compared between the two groups of patients with HM and those without HM. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors of HM oncogenesis. The survival rate was estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. RESULTS Among 72 SLE patients in this study, fifteen complicated with HM and 57 without HM were identified. The incidence rate of HM was approximately 0.24% with elevated standardized incidence ratios of lymphoma and leukemia (27.559 and 12.708, respectively). Patients with HM were older when diagnosed with SLE, with a higher frequency of infection and splenomegaly, lower levels of hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein compared with those without HM. Fewer patients with HM expressed positive anti-dsDNA antibody (26.7% vs 66.7%, P = 0.005) or received hydroxychloroquine treatment (40.0% vs 86.0%, P = 0.001). Older age at SLE diagnosis (OR=1.122, 95% CI: 1.037-1.214) was regarded as an independent risk factor of HM oncogenesis. Female (RR= 0.219, 95% CI: 0.070-0.681) and hydroxychloroquine (RR= 0.281, 95% CI: 0.094-0.845) were protective factors of mortality in SLE patients. CONCLUSIONS SLE patients with an older age are at an increased risk of HM carcinogenesis. The prognosis of male patients with SLE tends to be poorer whether complicated with HM. The association of antinuclear antibody spectrum, medication, and HM oncogenesis in SLE needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinyan Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinlei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiameng Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Shengyun Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China.
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19
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A Review of Safety Outcomes from Clinical Trials of Baricitinib in Rheumatology, Dermatology and COVID-19. Adv Ther 2022; 39:4910-4960. [PMID: 36063279 PMCID: PMC9443639 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Baricitinib is an oral, selective inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK)1/JAK2 that transiently and reversibly inhibits many proinflammatory cytokines. This mechanism is a key mediator in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases; accordingly, baricitinib has been studied and approved for the treatment of several rheumatological and dermatological disorders, as well as COVID-19. This narrative review summarises and discusses the safety profile of baricitinib across these diseases, with special focus on adverse events of special interest (AESI) for JAK inhibitors, using integrated safety data sets of clinical trial data, and puts findings into context with the underlying risk in the respective disease populations, using supporting literature. We show that rates of infection with baricitinib generally reflected the inherent risk of the disease populations being treated, with serious infections and herpes zoster being more frequent in rheumatic diseases than in dermatological disorders, and herpes simplex being reported particularly in atopic dermatitis. Similarly, rates of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), venous thromboembolism (VTE) and malignancies were generally within or below the ranges reported for the respective disease populations, thereby reflecting the underlying risk; these events were therefore more frequent in patients with rheumatic diseases than in those with dermatological disorders, the latter of whom generally had low absolute risk. AESI were usually more common in patients with risk factors specific for each event. When a population similar to that of ORAL Surveillance was considered, the incidence rate of MACE with baricitinib was numerically lower than that reported with tofacitinib and similar to that of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. No safety concerns were observed in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 who received baricitinib for up to 14 days. Identifying the patterns and likelihoods of AEs that occur during treatment in large groups of patients with different diseases can help the physician and patient better contextualise the benefit-to-risk ratio for the individual patient.
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20
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Clarke AE, Pooley N, Marjenberg Z, Langham J, Nicholson L, Langham S, Embleton N, Wang X, Desta B, Barut V, Hammond ER. Risk of malignancy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2021; 51:1230-1241. [PMID: 34710720 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignancy is a potential comorbidity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, risk by malignancy type remains to be fully elucidated. We evaluated the risk of malignancy type in SLE patients in a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched from inception to July 2018 to identify observational studies that evaluated malignancy risk in adult SLE patients compared with the general population. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Heterogeneity was quantified using the I2 test. FINDINGS Forty-one studies reporting on 40 malignancies (one overall, 39 site-specific) were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled RR for all malignancies from 3694 events across 80 833 patients was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.00-1.38). The risk of 24 site-specific malignancies (62%) was increased in SLE patients. For malignancies with ≥6 studies, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and Hodgkin lymphoma risk was increased >3-fold; myeloma and liver >2-fold; cervical, lung, bladder, and thyroid ≥1.5-fold; stomach and brain >1.3-fold. The risk of four malignancies (breast, uterine, melanoma, prostate) was decreased, whereas risk of 11 other malignancies did not differ between SLE patients and the general population. Heterogeneity ranged between 0% and 96%, and 63% were non-significant. INTERPRETATION The risk of overall and some site-specific malignancies is increased in SLE compared with the general population. However, the risk for some site-specific malignancies is decreased or did not differ. Further examination of risk profiles and SLE patient phenotypes may support guidelines aimed at reducing malignancy risk. FUNDING AstraZeneca. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO number: CRD42018110433.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Clarke
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AL, Canada.
| | - Nick Pooley
- Systematic Review Group, Maverex Limited, Manchester, UK
| | - Zoe Marjenberg
- Systematic Review Group, Maverex Limited, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - Sue Langham
- Health Economics Group, Maverex Limited, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Xia Wang
- Data Science & AI, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Barnabas Desta
- Global Pricing and Market Access, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Volkan Barut
- Global Medical Affairs, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Edward R Hammond
- Formerly of BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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21
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Molinaro C, Martoriati A, Cailliau K. Proteins from the DNA Damage Response: Regulation, Dysfunction, and Anticancer Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3819. [PMID: 34359720 PMCID: PMC8345162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells respond to genotoxic stress through a series of complex protein pathways called DNA damage response (DDR). These monitoring mechanisms ensure the maintenance and the transfer of a correct genome to daughter cells through a selection of DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, and programmed cell death processes. Canonical or non-canonical DDRs are highly organized and controlled to play crucial roles in genome stability and diversity. When altered or mutated, the proteins in these complex networks lead to many diseases that share common features, and to tumor formation. In recent years, technological advances have made it possible to benefit from the principles and mechanisms of DDR to target and eliminate cancer cells. These new types of treatments are adapted to the different types of tumor sensitivity and could benefit from a combination of therapies to ensure maximal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.M.); (A.M.)
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22
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Rattray Z, Deng G, Zhang S, Shirali A, May CK, Chen X, Cuffari BJ, Liu J, Zou P, Rattray NJ, Johnson CH, Dubljevic V, Campbell JA, Huttner A, Baehring JM, Zhou J, Hansen JE. ENT2 facilitates brain endothelial cell penetration and blood-brain barrier transport by a tumor-targeting anti-DNA autoantibody. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e145875. [PMID: 34128837 PMCID: PMC8410084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents antibodies from penetrating the CNS and limits conventional antibody-based approaches to brain tumors. We now show that ENT2, a transporter that regulates nucleoside flux at the BBB, may offer an unexpected path to circumventing this barrier to allow targeting of brain tumors with an anti-DNA autoantibody. Deoxymab-1 (DX1) is a DNA-damaging autoantibody that localizes to tumors and is synthetically lethal to cancer cells with defects in the DNA damage response. We found that DX1 penetrated brain endothelial cells and crossed the BBB, and mechanistic studies identify ENT2 as the key transporter. In efficacy studies, DX1 crosses the BBB to suppress orthotopic glioblastoma and breast cancer brain metastases. ENT2-linked transport of autoantibodies across the BBB has potential to be exploited in brain tumor immunotherapy, and its discovery raises hypotheses on actionable mechanisms of CNS penetration by neurotoxic autoantibodies in CNS lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shenqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Pan Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Caroline H Johnson
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Anita Huttner
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Pathology and
| | - Joachim M Baehring
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jiangbing Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James E Hansen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and.,Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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23
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Manolakou T, Verginis P, Boumpas DT. DNA Damage Response in the Adaptive Arm of the Immune System: Implications for Autoimmunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5842. [PMID: 34072535 PMCID: PMC8198144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In complex environments, cells have developed molecular responses to confront threats against the genome and achieve the maintenance of genomic stability assuring the transfer of undamaged DNA to their progeny. DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms may be activated upon genotoxic or environmental agents, such as cytotoxic drugs or ultraviolet (UV) light, and during physiological processes requiring DNA transactions, to restore DNA alterations that may cause cellular malfunction and affect viability. In addition to the DDR, multicellular organisms have evolved specialized immune cells to respond and defend against infections. Both adaptive and innate immune cells are subjected to DDR processes, either as a prerequisite to the immune response, or as a result of random endogenous and exogenous insults. Aberrant DDR activities have been extensively studied in the immune cells of the innate arm, but not in adaptive immune cells. Here, we discuss how the aberrant DDR may lead to autoimmunity, with emphasis on the adaptive immune cells and the potential of therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Manolakou
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayotis Verginis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece;
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, University of Crete Medical School, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dimitrios T. Boumpas
- Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece;
- Joint Rheumatology Program, 4th Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 124 62 Athens, Greece
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24
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Shah AA, Igusa T, Goldman D, Li J, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A, Petri M. Association of systemic lupus erythematosus autoantibody diversity with breast cancer protection. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:64. [PMID: 33632283 PMCID: PMC7905617 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiologic data suggest that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have a lower risk of breast cancer than women in the general population. In light of mechanistic studies suggesting that anti-DNA antibodies have anti-cancer effects, we sought to examine breast cancer risk in autoantibody strata in a well-characterized SLE cohort. Methods SLE patients without a cancer diagnosis prior to entry in the Hopkins Lupus Cohort were studied (N = 2431). Overall and site-specific cancer incidence was calculated in racial strata and compared with the US Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry. Breast cancer incidence was further examined in autoantibody subsets. Patients were considered positive for an autoantibody if they were ever positive for a specificity during their disease course. Results Patients with SLE had a 37% lower risk of breast cancer (SIR 0.63, 95% CI 0.39–0.95). The risk of HPV-associated cancers (SIR 4.39, 95% CI 2.87–6.44) and thyroid cancer (SIR 2.27, 95% CI 1.04–4.30) was increased. Cancer risk varied by race, with breast cancer protection occurring in non-African Americans (SIR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11–0.63) and the increased risk of HPV-associated cancers occurring in African Americans (SIR 7.23, 95% CI 4.35–11.3). Breast cancer risk was decreased in patients ever positive for anti-dsDNA (SIR 0.55, 95% CI 0.29–0.96), anti-La (SIR 0.00, 95% CI 0.00–0.78), and lupus anticoagulant (SIR 0.37, 95% CI 0.10–0.94). Patients who were positive for fewer (0–2) SLE autoantibodies did not have a lower risk of breast cancer (SIR 0.84, 95% CI 0.47–1.39), but patients with 3+ autoantibodies had a 59% decreased risk (SIR 0.41, 95% CI 0.16–0.84). Conclusions Positivity for multiple SLE autoantibodies was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, supporting the hypothesis that a highly diversified immune response may exert an anti-cancer effect against some cancers. Validation of racial differences in cancer risk in SLE is required to determine whether cancer screening strategies should be targeted to racial subgroups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02449-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami A Shah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Takeru Igusa
- Departments of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Latrobe Hall 212, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Daniel Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jessica Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Antony Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Michelle Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Mason F. Lord Building Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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25
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Mecoli CA, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L, Shah AA. Advances at the Interface of Cancer and Systemic Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2021; 6:50-57. [PMID: 34124375 PMCID: PMC8188901 DOI: 10.1177/2397198320905983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interface between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and cancer has offered valuable insights into our understanding of SSc disease pathogenesis. Defining SSc subgroups both temporally and serologically has been instrumental in stratifying cancer risk, with autoantibodies to RNA polymerase 3 (RNApol3), RNA polymerase I large subunit (RPA194), RNA Binding Region Containing 3 (RNPC3), and centromere identifying subgroups at increased or decreased risk of cancer. Clinically, improved subgrouping of SSc patients provides the opportunity to detect cancer at earlier stages of disease while increasing our efficiency of cancer assessment. Additional studies are needed to define the optimal approach to cancer screening in SSc, and validation studies in different cohorts will be needed to confirm all findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antony Rosen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Ami A Shah
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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26
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Laforêt P, Oldfors A, Malfatti E, Vissing J. 251st ENMC international workshop: Polyglucosan storage myopathies 13-15 December 2019, Hoofddorp, the Netherlands. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:466-477. [PMID: 33602551 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Laforêt
- Neurology Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Neuromuscular Reference Center, Henri Mondor University Hospital, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Grundy MK, Buckanovich RJ, Bernstein KA. Regulation and pharmacological targeting of RAD51 in cancer. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa024. [PMID: 33015624 PMCID: PMC7520849 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of homologous recombination (HR) is central for cancer prevention. However, too little HR can increase cancer incidence, whereas too much HR can drive cancer resistance to therapy. Importantly, therapeutics targeting HR deficiency have demonstrated a profound efficacy in the clinic improving patient outcomes, particularly for breast and ovarian cancer. RAD51 is central to DNA damage repair in the HR pathway. As such, understanding the function and regulation of RAD51 is essential for cancer biology. This review will focus on the role of RAD51 in cancer and beyond and how modulation of its function can be exploited as a cancer therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie K Grundy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ronald J Buckanovich
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kara A Bernstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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28
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Gordon RE, Nemeth JF, Singh S, Lingham RB, Grewal IS. Harnessing SLE Autoantibodies for Intracellular Delivery of Biologic Therapeutics. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 39:298-310. [PMID: 32807530 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of therapeutic antibodies is highly desirable but remains a challenge for biomedical research and the pharmaceutical industry. Approximately two-thirds of disease-associated targets are found inside the cell. Difficulty blocking these targets with available drugs creates a need for technology to deliver highly specific therapeutic antibodies intracellularly. Historically, antibodies have not been believed to traverse the cell membrane and neutralize intracellular targets. Emerging evidence has revealed that anti-DNA autoantibodies found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients can penetrate inside the cell. Harnessing this technology has the potential to accelerate the development of drugs against intracellular targets. Here, we dissect the mechanisms of the intracellular localization of SLE antibodies and discuss how to apply these insights to engineer successful cell-penetrating antibody drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata E Gordon
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Jennifer F Nemeth
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Russell B Lingham
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
| | - Iqbal S Grewal
- Janssen Biotherapeutics, The Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, 1400 McKean Road, Spring House, PA 19477, USA.
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29
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Niamsuphap S, Fercher C, Kumble S, Huda P, Mahler SM, Howard CB. Targeting the undruggable: emerging technologies in antibody delivery against intracellular targets. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1189-1211. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1781088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suchada Niamsuphap
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christian Fercher
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent BioNano Science and Technology, AIBN, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sumukh Kumble
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Pie Huda
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Personalised Nanomedicine, AIBN, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with a small overall increased cancer risk compared with the general population. This risk includes a 4-fold increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, but a decreased risk of other cancers (such as breast cancer). The pathophysiology underlying the increased risk of hematologic cancer is not fully understood, but many potential mechanisms have been proposed, including dysfunction of the tumor necrosis factor and other pathways. A decreased risk of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer might be driven by hormonal factors or lupus-related antibodies, but these links have not been proved.
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31
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Zou H, Li C, Wanggou S, Li X. Survival Risk Prediction Models of Gliomas Based on IDH and 1p/19q. J Cancer 2020; 11:4297-4307. [PMID: 32489448 PMCID: PMC7255380 DOI: 10.7150/jca.43805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas have been classified into different molecular subtypes based on their molecular features. To explore the prognostic factors of different subtypes of gliomas, we performed a univariate survival analysis based on the RNA-seq data of 653 patients obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. We identified 12205 (20.18%), 6125 (10.13%) and 5206 (8.61%) genes associated with the overall survival (OS) of the IDH-wildtype, IDH-mutation 1p/19q intact and IDH-mutation 1p/19q codeletion gliomas, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that OS related genes were mainly involved in alcoholism, systemic lupus erythematosus, hematopoietic cell lineage and diabetes. The OS related genes were further selected using Lasso regression, and three prognostic risk score models were constructed to effectively predict the OS of the patients with different subtypes of gliomas. In total, 76 signature genes were identified and were selected to construct the three models. Moreover, neither of the 76 genes overlapped between different models, which suggested the enormous difference among the three subtypes, although some signature genes (SERPINA5, RP11.229A12.2 and RP11.62F24.2) were also identified as the OS related genes in different glioma subtypes. Interestingly, five genes (RP11.229A12.2, RP11.62F24.2, C3orf67, RP11.275H4.1 and TBX3) played opposing roles (protective or risk factor) in different subtypes. Additionally, the prognosis models consisted of a substantial proportion of non-coding RNA (58.74%, 70.13% and 58.11% in the IDH-wildtype, IDH-mutation 1p/19q intact and IDH-mutation 1p/19q codeletion). Furthermore, multivariate analysis integrating clinical variables demonstrated that risk group predicted by the prognostic models was an independent prognostic factor for gliomas. In conclusion, we have constructed and validated three models that have the potential to predict the prognosis of glioma patients. The genes and pathways identified in this study require further investigation for their underlying mechanisms and potential clinical significance in improving the OS of the glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zou
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Chang Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Siyi Wanggou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Brain Tumor Research, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 87, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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32
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Dimitrov JD. Harnessing the Therapeutic Potential of 'Rogue' Antibodies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:409-417. [PMID: 32334839 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies have revolutionized modern medicine. At present, antibodies are successfully used for treatment of diverse human diseases, ranging from cancer to viral infections. All clinically approved antibodies rely on highly specific recognition of their target antigen. Antigen-binding promiscuity, binding to autoantigens, and propensity for self-binding (homophilic interaction) are highly undesirable characteristics of antibody drug candidates. Nevertheless, the immune system of all healthy individuals constantly produces and uses large quantities of antibodies that can be classified as inappropriate for development as drugs. Here, I provide arguments that antibodies with 'aberrant' properties have therapeutic potential. They could be useful in certain complex pathological conditions, thus enriching our armamentarium for treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan D Dimitrov
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75006 Paris, France.
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33
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Zhou Z, Austin GL, Shaffer R, Armstrong DD, Gentry MS. Antibody-Mediated Enzyme Therapeutics and Applications in Glycogen Storage Diseases. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:1094-1109. [PMID: 31522955 PMCID: PMC6889062 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The use of antibodies as targeting molecules or cell-penetrating tools has emerged at the forefront of pharmaceutical research. Antibody-directed therapies in the form of antibody-drug conjugates, immune modulators, and antibody-directed enzyme prodrugs have been most extensively utilized as hematological, rheumatological, and oncological therapies, but recent developments are identifying additional applications of antibody-mediated delivery systems. A novel application of this technology is for the treatment of glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) via an antibody-enzyme fusion (AEF) platform to penetrate cells and deliver an enzyme to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and/or other organelles. Exciting developments are currently underway for AEFs in the treatment of the GSDs Pompe disease and Lafora disease (LD). Antibody-based therapies are quickly becoming an integral part of modern disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqiu Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Grant L Austin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | | | - Matthew S Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lafora Epilepsy Cure Initiative, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Epilepsy and Brain Metabolism Alliance, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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34
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Shah AA, Laiho M, Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L. Protective Effect Against Cancer of Antibodies to the Large Subunits of Both RNA Polymerases I and III in Scleroderma. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1571-1579. [PMID: 30888702 PMCID: PMC6717013 DOI: 10.1002/art.40893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While compelling data suggest a cancer-induced autoimmunity model in scleroderma patients with anti-RNA polymerase III large subunit (anti-RPC155) antibodies, ~85% of these patients do not manifest cancer. This study was undertaken to determine whether additional autoantigens are targeted in anti-RPC155-positive scleroderma patients without detectable cancer. METHODS The study included 168 scleroderma patients with anti-RPC155 antibodies (80 with a history of cancer and 88 with no cancer diagnosis after >5 years of follow-up). Thirty-five sera (17 from patients with cancer and 18 from patients without cancer) were randomly selected for autoantibody discovery using immunoprecipitation (IP). An ~194-kd band was enriched in the subgroup without cancer; this was identified as RNA polymerase I large subunit (RPA194). RESULTS RPA194 generated by in vitro transcription/translation was used for IPs performed on the entire cohort to test whether anti-RPA194 was enriched among anti-RPC155-positive patients without cancer. Anti-RPA194 antibodies were significantly more common in the group without cancer (16 [18.2%] of 88) than in the group with cancer (3 [3.8%] of 80) (P = 0.003). Patients with both anti-RPA194 and anti-RPC155 were significantly less likely to have severe gastrointestinal disease than patients with anti-RPC155 only (26.3% versus 51.0%; P = 0.043). CONCLUSION Anti-RPA194 antibodies are enriched in anti-RPC155-positive scleroderma patients without cancer. Since somatic mutations in the gene encoding RPC155 in cancer in scleroderma patients appears to play a role in immune response initiation against RPC155 in those patients, these data raise the possibility that the development of immune responses to both RPC155 and RPA194 may influence clinical cancer emergence. Further study is required to define whether different autoantibody combinations have utility as tools for cancer risk stratification in scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami A. Shah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marikki Laiho
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Antony Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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35
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Austin GL, Simmons ZR, Klier JE, Rondon A, Hodges BL, Shaffer R, Aziz NM, McKnight TR, Pauly JR, Armstrong DD, Vander Kooi CW, Gentry MS. Central Nervous System Delivery and Biodistribution Analysis of an Antibody-Enzyme Fusion for the Treatment of Lafora Disease. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:3791-3801. [PMID: 31329461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal juvenile epilepsy characterized by the accumulation of aberrant glucan aggregates called Lafora bodies (LBs). Delivery of protein-based therapeutics to the central nervous system (CNS) for the clearance of LBs remains a unique challenge in the field. Recently, a humanized antigen-binding fragment (hFab) derived from a murine systemic lupus erythematosus DNA autoantibody (3E10) has been shown to mediate cell penetration and proposed as a broadly applicable carrier to mediate cellular targeting and uptake. We report studies on the efficacy and CNS delivery of VAL-0417, an antibody-enzyme fusion composed of the 3E10 hFab and human pancreatic α-amylase, in a mouse model of LD. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect VAL-0417 post-treatment as a measure of delivery efficacy. We demonstrate the robust and sensitive detection of the fusion protein in multiple tissue types. Using this method, we measured biodistribution in different methods of delivery. We found that intracerebroventricular administration provided robust CNS delivery when compared to intrathecal administration. These data define critical steps in the translational pipeline of VAL-0417 for the treatment of LD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brad L Hodges
- Valerion Therapeutics , Concord , Massachusetts 01742 , United States
| | - Robert Shaffer
- Valerion Therapeutics , Concord , Massachusetts 01742 , United States
| | - Nadine M Aziz
- Valerion Therapeutics , Concord , Massachusetts 01742 , United States
| | - Tracy R McKnight
- Valerion Therapeutics , Concord , Massachusetts 01742 , United States
| | - James R Pauly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy , Lexington , Kentucky 40536 , United States
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36
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Herrmann A, Nagao T, Zhang C, Lahtz C, Li YJ, Yue C, Mülfarth R, Yu H. An effective cell-penetrating antibody delivery platform. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127474. [PMID: 31341104 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their well-recognized success in the clinic, antibodies generally do not penetrate cellular membranes to target intracellular molecules, many of which underlie incurable diseases. Here we show that covalently conjugating phosphorothioated DNA oligonucleotides to antibodies enabled their efficient cellular internalization. Antibody cell penetration was partially mediated by membrane potential alteration. Moreover, without an antigen to bind, intracellular levels of the modified antibodies underwent cellular clearance, which involved efflux and lysosomal degradation, enabling detection of intended intracellular molecules as tested in fibroblasts, tumor cells, and T cells. This target-dependent cellular retention of modified antibodies extended to in vivo studies. Both local and systemic administrations of low doses of modified antibodies effectively inhibited intracellular targets, such as transcription factors Myc, interferon regulatory factor 4, and tyrosine-protein kinase SRC, and expression of their downstream genes in tumors, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis and tumor growth inhibition. This simple modification enables the use of antibodies to detect and modulate intracellular molecules in both cultured living cells and in whole animals, forming the foundation for a new paradigm for antibody-based research, diagnostics, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Herrmann
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA.,LACell at Sorrento Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Toshikage Nagao
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Christoph Lahtz
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA.,LACell at Sorrento Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yi-Jia Li
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Chanyu Yue
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA.,LACell at Sorrento Therapeutics, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ronja Mülfarth
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
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37
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Yagita M, Hata S, Miyata H, Kakita H, Tsukamoto T, Muso E, Fujita M. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Associated with Ovarian Cancer. Intern Med 2019; 58:731-735. [PMID: 30333422 PMCID: PMC6443548 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1736-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may be associated with various types of malignancy. However, SLE occurring with ovarian cancer seems rare, and reliable therapeutic approaches for such cases have yet to be identified. We herein report a case of SLE with ovarian cancer that was successfully treated with corticosteroid, plasmapheresis and chemotherapy. This case may provide new insights into treatment approaches for SLE with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Yagita
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Japan
| | - Saori Hata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiromi Miyata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kakita
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Tsukamoto
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Japan
| | - Eri Muso
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Japan
| | - Masaaki Fujita
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The Tazuke-Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, Japan
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38
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Maeda M, Kojima T, Song Y, Takayama S. DNA-Based Biomaterials for Immunoengineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801243. [PMID: 30516349 PMCID: PMC6407644 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Man-made DNA materials hold the potential to modulate specific immune pathways toward immunoactivating or immunosuppressive cascades. DNA-based biomaterials introduce DNA into the extracellular environment during implantation or delivery, and subsequently intracellularly upon phagocytosis or degradation of the material. Therefore, the immunogenic functionality of biological and synthetic extracellular DNA should be considered to achieve desired immune responses. In vivo, extracellular DNA from both endogenous and exogenous sources holds immunoactivating functions which can be traced back to the molecular features of DNA, such as sequence and length. Extracellular DNA is recognized as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), by immune cell receptors, activating either proinflammatory signaling pathways or immunosuppressive cell functions. Although extracellular DNA promotes protective immune responses during early inflammation such as bacterial killing, recent advances demonstrate that unresolved and elevated DNA concentrations may contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, cancer, and fibrosis. Therefore, addressing the immunogenicity of DNA enables immune responses to be engineered by optimizing their activating and suppressive performance per application. To this end, emerging biology relevant to the generation of extracellular DNA, DNA sensors, and its role concerning existing and future synthetic DNA biomaterials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Maeda
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Taisuke Kojima
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yang Song
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory School of Medicine, 950 Atlantic Dr NW. Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- The Parker H Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332 USA,
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Slastnikova TA, Ulasov AV, Rosenkranz AA, Sobolev AS. Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Antibodies: The State of the Art. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1208. [PMID: 30405420 PMCID: PMC6207587 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A dominant area of antibody research is the extension of the use of this mighty experimental and therapeutic tool for the specific detection of molecules for diagnostics, visualization, and activity blocking. Despite the ability to raise antibodies against different proteins, numerous applications of antibodies in basic research fields, clinical practice, and biotechnology are restricted to permeabilized cells or extracellular antigens, such as membrane or secreted proteins. With the exception of small groups of autoantibodies, natural antibodies to intracellular targets cannot be used within living cells. This excludes the scope of a major class of intracellular targets, including some infamous cancer-associated molecules. Some of these targets are still not druggable via small molecules because of large flat contact areas and the absence of deep hydrophobic pockets in which small molecules can insert and perturb their activity. Thus, the development of technologies for the targeted intracellular delivery of antibodies, their fragments, or antibody-like molecules is extremely important. Various strategies for intracellular targeting of antibodies via protein-transduction domains or their mimics, liposomes, polymer vesicles, and viral envelopes, are reviewed in this article. The pitfalls, challenges, and perspectives of these technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana A. Slastnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Ulasov
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Rosenkranz
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A. S. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Bergua C, Chiavelli H, Allenbach Y, Arouche-Delaperche L, Arnoult C, Bourdenet G, Jean L, Zoubairi R, Guerout N, Mahler M, Benveniste O, Drouot L, Boyer O. In vivo pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR autoantibodies in immune-mediated necrotising myopathy. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:131-139. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesIn autoimmunity, autoantibodies (aAb) may be simple biomarkers of disease or true pathogenic effectors. A form of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy associated with anti-signal recognition particle (SRP) or anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) aAb has been individualised and is referred to as immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM). The level of aAb correlates with IMNM activity and disease may respond to immunosuppression, suggesting that they are pathogenic. We aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of IgG from patients with anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR aAb in vivo by developing the first mouse model of IMNM.MethodsIgG from patients suffering from anti-SRP or anti-HMGCR associated IMNM were passively transferred to wild-type, Rag2-/- or complement C3-/- mice. Muscle deficiency was evaluated by muscle strength on electrostimulation and grip test. Histological analyses were performed after haematoxylin/eosin staining or by immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry analysis. Antibody levels were quantified by addressable laser bead assay (ALBIA).ResultsPassive transfer of IgG from patients suffering from IMNM to C57BL/6 or Rag2-/- mice provoked muscle deficiency. Pathogenicity of aAb was reduced in C3-/- mice while increased by supplementation with human complement. Breakage of tolerance by active immunisation with SRP or HMGCR provoked disease.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that patient-derived anti-SRP+ and anti-HMGCR+ IgG are pathogenic towards muscle in vivo through a complement-mediated mechanism, definitively establishing the autoimmune character of IMNM. These data support the use of plasma exchanges and argue for evaluating complement-targeting therapies in IMNM.
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Igusa T, Hummers LK, Visvanathan K, Richardson C, Wigley FM, Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A, Shah AA. Autoantibodies and scleroderma phenotype define subgroups at high-risk and low-risk for cancer. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1179-1186. [PMID: 29678941 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-212999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent studies demonstrate autoantibodies are powerful tools to interrogate molecular events linking cancer and the development of autoimmunity in scleroderma. Investigating cancer risk in these biologically relevant subsets may provide an opportunity to develop personalised cancer screening guidelines. In this study, we examined cancer risk in distinct serologic and phenotypic scleroderma subsets and compared estimates with the general population. METHODS Patients in the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center observational cohort were studied. Overall and site-specific cancer incidence was calculated in distinct autoantibody and scleroderma phenotypic subsets, and compared with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registry, a representative sample of the US population. RESULTS 2383 patients with scleroderma contributing 37 686 person-years were studied. 205 patients (8.6%) had a diagnosis of cancer. Within 3 years of scleroderma onset, cancer risk was increased in patients with RNA polymerase III autoantibodies (antipol; standardised incidence ratio (SIR) 2.84, 95% CI 1.89 to 4.10) and those lacking centromere, topoisomerase-1 and pol antibodies (SIR 1.83, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.86). Among antipol-positive patients, cancer-specific risk may vary by scleroderma subtype; those with diffuse scleroderma had an increased breast cancer risk, whereas those with limited scleroderma had high lung cancer risk. In contrast, patients with anticentromere antibodies had a lower risk of cancer during follow-up (SIR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.76). CONCLUSIONS Autoantibody specificity and disease subtype are biologically meaningful filters that may inform cancer risk stratification in patients with scleroderma. Future research testing the value of targeted cancer screening strategies in patients with scleroderma is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Igusa
- Departments of Civil Engineering and Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Laura K Hummers
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carrie Richardson
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fredrick M Wigley
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Livia Casciola-Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Antony Rosen
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ami A Shah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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A lupus anti-DNA autoantibody mediates autocatalytic, targeted delivery of nanoparticles to tumors. Oncotarget 2018; 7:59965-59975. [PMID: 27494868 PMCID: PMC5312362 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to target nanoparticles to tumors that rely on surface modification with ligands that bind molecules overexpressed on cancer cells or the tumor neovasculature suffer from a major limitation: with delivery of toxic agents the amount of molecules available for targeting decreases with time; consequently, the efficiency of nanoparticle delivery is reduced. To overcome this limitation, here we propose an autocatalytic tumor-targeting mechanism based on targeting extracellular DNA (exDNA). exDNA is enriched in the tumor microenviroment and increases with treatment with cytotoxic agents, such as doxorubicin (DOX), due to release of DNA by dying tumor cells. We tested this approach using poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles surface-conjugated with fragments of 3E10 (3E10EN), a lupus anti-DNA autoantibody. We demonstrated that 3E10EN-conjugated nanoparticles bound to DNA and preferentially localized to tumors in vivo. The efficiency of tumor localization of 3E10EN-conjugated, DOX-loaded nanoparticles increased with time and subsequent treatments, demonstrating an autocatalytic effect. 3E10EN-conjugated DOX-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a significant anti-tumor effect that was superior to all controls. This work demonstrates the promise of autocatalytic drug delivery mechanisms and establishes proof of concept for a new anti-DNA autoantibody-based approach for enhancing delivery of nanoparticles to tumors.
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Rattray Z, Dubljevic V, Rattray NJ, Greenwood DL, Johnson CH, Campbell JA, Hansen JE. Re-engineering and evaluation of anti-DNA autoantibody 3E10 for therapeutic applications. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:858-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Turchick A, Hegan DC, Jensen RB, Glazer PM. A cell-penetrating antibody inhibits human RAD51 via direct binding. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:11782-11799. [PMID: 29036688 PMCID: PMC5714174 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RAD51, a key factor in homology-directed repair (HDR), has long been considered an attractive target for cancer therapy, but few specific inhibitors have been found. A cell-penetrating, anti-DNA, lupus autoantibody, 3E10, was previously shown to inhibit HDR, sensitize tumors to radiation, and mediate synthetic lethal killing of BRCA2-deficient cancer cells, effects that were initially attributed to its affinity for DNA. However, as the molecular basis for its ability to inhibit DNA repair, we report that 3E10 directly binds to the N-terminus of RAD51, sequesters RAD51 in the cytoplasm, and impedes RAD51 binding to DNA. Further, we generate separation-of-function mutations in the complementarity-determining regions of 3E10 revealing that inhibition of HDR tracks with binding to RAD51 but not to DNA, whereas cell penetration is linked to DNA binding. The consequences of these mutations on putative 3E10 interactions with RAD51 and DNA are correlated with in silico molecular modeling. Taken together, the results identify 3E10 as a novel inhibitor of RAD51 by direct binding, accounting for its ability to suppress HDR and providing the molecular basis to guide pre-clinical development of 3E10 as an anti-cancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Turchick
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Denise C Hegan
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ryan B Jensen
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter M Glazer
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Goicochea NL, Garnovskaya M, Blanton MG, Chan G, Weisbart R, Lilly MB. Development of cell-penetrating bispecific antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain of androgen receptor for prostate cancer therapy†. Protein Eng Des Sel 2017; 30:785-793. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy L Goicochea
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Maria Garnovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mary G Blanton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, 16111 Plummer St., Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA
| | - Richard Weisbart
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, 16111 Plummer St., Sepulveda, CA 91343, USA
| | - Michael B Lilly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas St., Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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The roles and applications of autoantibodies in progression, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human malignant tumours. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:1270-1281. [PMID: 29042252 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The existence of autoantibodies towards an individual's own proteins or nucleic acids has been established for more than 100years, and for a long period, these autoantibodies have been believed to be closely associated with autoimmune diseases. However, in recent years, researchers have become more interested in the role and application of autoantibodies in progression, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of human malignant tumours. Over the past few decades, numerous epidemiological studies have shown that the risk of certain cancers is significantly altered (increased or decreased) in patients with autoimmune diseases, which suggests that autoantibodies may play either promoting or suppressing roles in cancer progression. The idea that autoantibodies are directly involved in tumour progression gains special support by the findings that some antibodies secreted by a variety of cancer cells can promote their proliferation and metastasis. Because the cancer cells generate cell antigenic changes (neoantigens), which trigger the immune system to produce autoantibodies, serum autoantibodies against tumour-associated antigens have been established as a novel type of cancer biomarkers and have been extensively studied in different types of cancer. The autoantibodies as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis are not only more sensitive and specific than antigens, but also could appear before clinical evidences of the tumours, thus disclosing them. The observations that cancer risk is lower in patients with some autoimmune diseases suggest that certain autoantibodies may be protective from certain cancers. Moreover, the presence of autoantibodies in healthy individuals implies that it could be safe to employ autoantibodies to treat cancer. Of note, an autoantibodies derived from lupus murine model received much attention due to their selective cytotoxicity for malignant tumour cell without harming normal ones. These studies showed the therapeutic value of autoantibodies in cancer. In this review, we revisited the pathological or protective role of autoantibodies in cancer progression, summarize the application of autoantibodies in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and discuss the value of autoantibodies in cancer therapy. The studies established to date suggest that autoantibodies not only regulate cancer progression but also promise to be valuable instruments in oncological diagnosis and therapy.
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Rhodes DA, Isenberg DA. TRIM21 and the Function of Antibodies inside Cells. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:916-926. [PMID: 28807517 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies targeting disease-associated antigens are key tools in the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity. So far, therapeutic antibodies have targeted antigens that are, or are presumed to be, extracellular. A largely overlooked property of antibodies is their functional activity inside cells. The diverse literature dealing with intracellular antibodies emerged historically from studies of the properties of some autoantibodies. The identification of tripartite motif (TRIM) 21 as an intracellular Fc receptor linking cytosolic antibody recognition to the ubiquitin proteasome system brings this research into sharper focus. We review critically the research related to intracellular antibodies, link this to the TRIM21 effector mechanism, and highlight how this work is exposing the previously restricted intracellular space to the potential of therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rhodes
- Department of Pathology, Immunology Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
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Choi MY, Flood K, Bernatsky S, Ramsey-Goldman R, Clarke AE. A review on SLE and malignancy. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:373-396. [PMID: 29224679 PMCID: PMC6742439 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibody production, complement activation, and immune complex deposition. It predominantly affects young and middle-aged women. While improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of SLE have altered prognosis, morbidity and mortality rates remain higher than the general population. In addition to renal injury, cardiovascular disease, and infection, malignancy is known to be a significant cause of death in this population. There is increasing evidence to suggest that patients with SLE have a slightly higher overall risk of malignancy. The risk of malignancy in SLE is of considerable interest because the immune and genetic pathways underlying the pathogenesis of SLE and the immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs) used in its management may mediate this altered risk. Our current understanding of these and other risk factors and the implications for treating SLE and screening for malignancy is still evolving. This review summarizes the association between SLE and malignancy. The first section discusses the risk of overall and site-specific malignancies in both adult- and pediatric-onset SLE. Next, we evaluate the risk factors and possible mechanisms underlying the link between malignancy and SLE, including the use of ISDs, presence of certain SLE-related autoantibodies, chronic immune dysregulation, environmental factors, and shared genetic susceptibility. Finally, we review guidelines regarding cancer screening and vaccination for human papilloma virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Y Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Kelsey Flood
- Northwestern University and Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E Superior St, Chicago, 60611, Illinois, USA.
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Divisions of Rheumatology, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, A6-1650 Cedar Avenue A6.163, Montreal, H3G 1A4, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University and Feinberg School of Medicine, 633 N. St. Clair, 18th Floor, Chicago, 60611, Illinois, USA.
| | - Ann E Clarke
- Division of Rheumatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada.
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Bernatsky S, Ramsey-Goldman R, Petri M, Urowitz MB, Gladman DD, Fortin PR, Ginzler E, Romero-Diaz J, Peschken C, Jacobsen S, Hanly JG, Gordon C, Nived O, Yelin EH, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Bae SC, Joseph L, Witte T, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Aranow C, Kamen D, Sturfeldt G, Foulkes WD, Hansen JE, St Pierre Y, Raymer PC, Tessier-Cloutier B, Clarke AE. Breast cancer in systemic lupus. Lupus 2017; 26:311-315. [PMID: 27687028 PMCID: PMC5250552 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316664595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective There is a decreased breast cancer risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) versus the general population. We assessed a large sample of SLE patients, evaluating demographic and clinical characteristics and breast cancer risk. Methods We performed case-cohort analyses within a multi-center international SLE sample. We calculated the breast cancer hazard ratio (HR) in female SLE patients, relative to demographics, reproductive history, family history of breast cancer, and time-dependent measures of anti-dsDNA positivity, cumulative disease activity, and drugs, adjusted for SLE duration. Results There were 86 SLE breast cancers and 4498 female SLE cancer-free controls. Patients were followed on average for 7.6 years. Versus controls, SLE breast cancer cases tended to be white and older. Breast cancer cases were similar to controls regarding anti-dsDNA positivity, disease activity, and most drug exposures over time. In univariate and multivariate models, the principal factor associated with breast cancers was older age at cohort entry. Conclusions There was little evidence that breast cancer risk in this SLE sample was strongly driven by any of the clinical factors that we studied. Further search for factors that determine the lower risk of breast cancer in SLE may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bernatsky
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- 2 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - R Ramsey-Goldman
- 3 Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - M Petri
- 4 Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - M B Urowitz
- 5 Center for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - D D Gladman
- 5 Center for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - P R Fortin
- 6 Division of Rheumatology, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - E Ginzler
- 7 State University of New York-Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - J Romero-Diaz
- 8 Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C Peschken
- 9 University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - S Jacobsen
- 10 Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Hanly
- 11 Division of Rheumatology, Dalhousie University and Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
| | - C Gordon
- 12 Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham: Rheumatology department, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust and NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham; University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - O Nived
- 13 Department of Rheumatology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - E H Yelin
- 14 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - D Isenberg
- 15 Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Rahman
- 15 Centre for Rheumatology Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - S-C Bae
- 16 The Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - L Joseph
- 1 Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- 2 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - T Witte
- 17 Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G Ruiz-Irastorza
- 18 Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Department Of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Cruces, University Of The Basque Country, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - C Aranow
- 19 Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, USA
| | - D Kamen
- 20 Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - G Sturfeldt
- 13 Department of Rheumatology, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - W D Foulkes
- 21 Departments of Oncology, Human Genetics and Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - J E Hansen
- 22 Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Y St Pierre
- 2 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - P Chrétien Raymer
- 2 Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - B Tessier-Cloutier
- 23 Department of Anatomical Pathology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - A E Clarke
- 24 Division of Rheumatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
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Abstract
Autoimmunity and cancer have a multifarious epidemiology. Often, it is because of an impaired genome, culminating in functional aberrations in the human system. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous complex disease which ensues due to the failure of the immune system to distinguish between self and non-self antigens, thus producing autoantibodies against DNA, RNA and proteins. Cancer, the other side of the same coin, results from an excessive proliferation of cells that evade immune regulation as a result of incompetent defense by T-cells, B-cells and macrophages. Recent findings have indicated that lupus autoantibodies could be used as an effective weapon to kill cancerous cells. This is an attempt to take an account of malicious 'lupus autoantibodies' and their role in neutralizing cancerous cells which may help in enhancing the survival rate of cancer patients, hence, killers can be saviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Singh
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Agarwal
- 2 Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J Prosek
- 2 Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M S K Jayadev
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Singh
- 1 Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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