1
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Martinez EJ, Chang WC, Chen WH, Hajduczki A, Thomas PV, Jensen JL, Choe M, Sankhala RS, Peterson CE, Rees PA, Kimner J, Soman S, Kuklis C, Mendez-Rivera L, Dussupt V, King J, Corbett C, Mayer SV, Fernandes A, Murzello K, Cookenham T, Hvizdos J, Kummer L, Hart T, Lanzer K, Gambacurta J, Reagan M, Duso D, Vasan S, Collins ND, Michael NL, Krebs SJ, Gromowski GD, Modjarrad K, Kaundinya J, Joyce MG. SARS-CoV-2 ferritin nanoparticle vaccines produce hyperimmune equine sera with broad sarbecovirus activity. iScience 2024; 27:110624. [PMID: 39351195 PMCID: PMC11440237 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) and the threat of future zoonotic sarbecovirus spillover emphasizes the need for broadly protective next-generation vaccines and therapeutics. We utilized SARS-CoV-2 spike ferritin nanoparticle (SpFN), and SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain ferritin nanoparticle (RFN) immunogens, in an equine model to elicit hyperimmune sera and evaluated its sarbecovirus neutralization and protection capacity. Immunized animals rapidly elicited sera with the potent neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 VoC, and SARS-CoV-1 pseudoviruses, and potent binding against receptor binding domains from sarbecovirus clades 1b, 1a, 2, 3, and 4. Purified equine polyclonal IgG provided protection against Omicron XBB.1.5 virus in the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse model. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2-based nanoparticle vaccines can rapidly produce a broad and protective sarbecovirus response in the equine model and that equine serum has therapeutic potential against emerging SARS-CoV-2 VoC and diverse sarbecoviruses, presenting a possible alternative or supplement to monoclonal antibody immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Martinez
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William C Chang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaime L Jensen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Misook Choe
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Phyllis A Rees
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jordan Kimner
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sandrine Soman
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Caitlin Kuklis
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jocelyn King
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Courtney Corbett
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra V Mayer
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sandhya Vasan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalie D Collins
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Wang W, Bhushan G, Paz S, Stauft CB, Selvaraj P, Goguet E, Bishop-Lilly KA, Subramanian R, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Cong Y, Agan B, Richard SA, Epsi NJ, Fries A, Fung CK, Conte MA, Holbrook MR, Wang TT, Burgess TH, Pollett SD, Mitre E, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Human and hamster sera correlate well in identifying antigenic drift among SARS-CoV-2 variants, including JN.1. J Virol 2024:e0094824. [PMID: 39365051 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00948-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such sera are rare due to population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers and breadth of matched human and hamster pre-Omicron variant primary infection sera correlate well and generate similar antigenic maps. The hamster antigenic map shows modest antigenic drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 and BA.4/BA.5 variants within the XBB cluster, but with fivefold to sixfold antigenic differences between these variants and XBB.1.5. Compared to sera following only ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccinations, or with post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster sera had the broadest neutralization against XBB sub-lineage variants, although a fivefold titer difference was still observed between JN.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings suggest that antibody coverage of antigenically divergent JN.1 could be improved with a matched vaccine antigen.IMPORTANCEUpdates to COVID-19 vaccine antigens depend on assessing how much vaccine antigens differ antigenically from newer SARS-CoV-2 variants. Human sera from single variant infections are ideal for discriminating antigenic differences among variants, but such primary infection sera are now rare due to high population immunity. It remains unclear whether sera from experimentally infected animals could substitute for human sera for antigenic assessments. This report shows that neutralization titers of variant-matched human and hamster primary infection sera correlate well and recognize variants similarly, indicating that hamster sera can be a proxy for human sera for antigenic assessments. We further show that human sera following an XBB.1.5 booster vaccine broadly neutralized XBB sub-lineage variants but titers were fivefold lower against the more recent JN.1 variant. These findings support updating the current COVID-19 vaccine variant composition and developing a framework for assessing antigenic differences in future variants using hamster primary infection sera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gitanjali Bhushan
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Paz
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles B Stauft
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Prabhuanand Selvaraj
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Cong
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Agan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Fries
- US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian K Fung
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew A Conte
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony T Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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3
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Dearlove BL, Fries AC, Epsi NJ, Richard SA, Ganesan A, Huprikar N, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Colombo RE, Colombo C, Bai H, Larson DT, Ewers EC, Lalani T, Smith AG, Berjohn CM, Maves RC, Jones MU, Saunders D, Maldonado CJ, Mody RM, Bazan SE, Tribble DR, Burgess T, Simons MP, Agan BK, Pollett SD, Rolland M. SARS-CoV-2 variant replacement constrains vaccine-specific viral diversification. Virus Evol 2024; 10:veae071. [PMID: 39386074 PMCID: PMC11463026 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veae071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine breakthrough infections have been important for all circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant periods, but the contribution of vaccine-specific SARS-CoV-2 viral diversification to vaccine failure remains unclear. This study analyzed 595 SARS-CoV-2 sequences collected from the Military Health System beneficiaries between December 2020 and April 2022 to investigate the impact of vaccination on viral diversity. By comparing sequences based on the vaccination status of the participant, we found limited evidence indicating that vaccination was associated with increased viral diversity in the SARS-CoV-2 spike, and we show little to no evidence of a substantial sieve effect within major variants; rather, we show that rapid variant replacement constrained intragenotype COVID-19 vaccine strain immune escape. These data suggest that, during past and perhaps future periods of rapid SARS-CoV-2 variant replacement, vaccine-mediated effects were subsumed with other drivers of viral diversity due to the massive scale of infections and vaccinations that occurred in a short time frame. However, our results also highlight some limitations of using sieve analysis methods outside of placebo-controlled clinical trials.
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Grants
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD
- Defense Health Program
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at the National Institutes of Health
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. (HJF)
- U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc.
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS)
- Department of Defense (DoD)
- Coast Guard, Washington, DC
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, OH
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX
- Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Bragg
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Inc., Bethesda, MD
- Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center
- United States Air Force
- Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany L Dearlove
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Anthony C Fries
- The Applied Technology and Genomics (PHT) Division, US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, 2510 5th St, Dayton, OH 45433, United States
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 8901 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20889, United States
| | - David A Lindholm
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio, TX 78234, United States
| | - Katrin Mende
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Drive, San Antonio, TX 78234, United States
| | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98431, United States
| | - Christopher Colombo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040 Jackson Avenue, Tacoma, WA 98431, United States
| | - Hongjun Bai
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
| | - Derek T Larson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alexander T. Augusta Military Medical Center, 9300 DeWitt Loop, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, United States
| | - Evan C Ewers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Alexander T. Augusta Military Medical Center, 9300 DeWitt Loop, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060, United States
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708, United States
| | - Alfred G Smith
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Circle, Portsmouth, VA 23708, United States
| | - Catherine M Berjohn
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Internal Medicine, Naval Medical Center San Diego, 34800 Bob Wilson Drive, San Diego, CA 92134, United States
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Sections of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States
| | - Milissa U Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - David Saunders
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Carlos J Maldonado
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Womack Army Medical Center, 2817 Rock Merritt Avenue, Fort Liberty, NC, United States
| | - Rupal M Mody
- Division of Infectious Diseases, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, 18511 Highlander Medics Street, El Paso, TX 79918, United States
| | - Samantha E Bazan
- Department of Primary Care, Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center, 590 Medical Center Road, Fort Cavazos, TX 76544, United States
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Timothy Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Brian K Agan
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Morgane Rolland
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States
- Henry M Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., 6720A Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817, United States
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4
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Tan Z, Yang C, Lin PH, Ramadan S, Yang W, Rashidi Z, Lang S, Shafieichaharberoud F, Gao J, Pan X, Soloff N, Wu X, Bolin S, Pyeon D, Huang X. Inducing Long Lasting B Cell and T Cell Immunity Against Multiple Variants of SARS-CoV-2 Through Mutant Bacteriophage Qβ-Receptor Binding Domain Conjugate. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302755. [PMID: 38733291 PMCID: PMC11305917 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
More than 3 years into the global pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remains a significant threat to public health. Immunities acquired from infection or current vaccines fail to provide long term protection against subsequent infections, mainly due to their fast-waning nature and the emergence of variants of concerns (VOCs) such as Omicron. To overcome these limitations, SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD)-based epitopes are investigated as conjugates with a powerful carrier, the mutant bacteriophage Qβ (mQβ). The epitope design is critical to eliciting potent antibody responses with the full length RBD being superior to peptide and glycopeptide antigens. The full length RBD conjugated with mQβ activates both humoral and cellular immune systems in vivo, inducing broad spectrum, persistent, and comprehensive immune responses effective against multiple VOCs including Delta and Omicron variants, rendering it a promising vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Canchai Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Zahra Rashidi
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Shuyao Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Fatemeh Shafieichaharberoud
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Jia Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xingling Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Nachy Soloff
- Hatzalah of Michigan, 13650 Oak Park Blvd., Oak Park, MI, 48237, USA
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Steven Bolin
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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5
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Shukla N, Shamim U, Agarwal P, Pandey R, Narayan J. From bench to bedside: potential of translational research in COVID-19 and beyond. Brief Funct Genomics 2024; 23:349-362. [PMID: 37986554 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/elad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been around for more than 3 years now. However, due to constant viral evolution, novel variants are emerging, leaving old treatment protocols redundant. As treatment options dwindle, infection rates continue to rise and seasonal infection surges become progressively common across the world, rapid solutions are required. With genomic and proteomic methods generating enormous amounts of data to expand our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology, there is an urgent requirement for the development of novel therapeutic methods that can allow translational research to flourish. In this review, we highlight the current state of COVID-19 in the world and the effects of post-infection sequelae. We present the contribution of translational research in COVID-19, with various current and novel therapeutic approaches, including antivirals, monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, as well as alternate treatment methods such as immunomodulators, currently being studied and reiterate the importance of translational research in the development of various strategies to contain COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityendra Shukla
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Uzma Shamim
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Preeti Agarwal
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Jitendra Narayan
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Mall Road, Near Jubilee Hall, New Delhi, 110007, India
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6
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Costantino V, MacIntyre CR. Impact of vaccine coverage and disruption to health services on COVID-19 in Ukraine. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14729. [PMID: 38926448 PMCID: PMC11208616 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57447-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 surveillance in Ukraine ceased after the Russian invasion of the country in 2022, on a background of low vaccination rates of 34.5% for two doses at this time. We conducted a modelling study to estimate the epidemic trajectory of SARS-COV-2 in Ukraine after the start of the war. We use a COVID-19 deterministic Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model for Ukraine to estimate the impact of increased vaccination coverage and masking as public health interventions. We fit the model output to case notification data between 6 January and 25 February 2022, then we forecast the COVID-19 epidemic trajectory in different scenarios of mask use and vaccine coverage. In the best-case scenario, 69% of the Ukrainian population would have been infected in the first half of 2022. Increasing mask use from 50 to 80% reduces cases and deaths by 17% and 30% respectively, while increasing vaccination rates to 60% and 9.6% for two and three doses respectively results in a 3% reduction in cases and 28% in deaths. However, if vaccination is increased to a higher coverage of 80% with two doses and 12.8% with three, or mask effectiveness is reduced to 40%, increasing vaccination coverage is more effective. The loss of health services, displacement, and destruction of infrastructure will amplify the risk of COVID-19 in Ukraine and make vaccine programs less feasible. Masks do not need the health infrastructure or cold-chain logistics required for vaccines and are more feasible for rapid epidemic control during war. However, increasing vaccine coverage will save more lives. Vaccination of refugees who have fled to other countries can be more feasibly achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Costantino
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, High street, Kensington, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Chandini R MacIntyre
- The Biosecurity Program, The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, High street, Kensington, Sydney, Australia
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
- Watts College of Public Affairs and Community Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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7
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Hu WH, Cai HL, Yan HC, Wang H, Sun HM, Wei YY, Hao YT. Protective effectiveness of previous infection against subsequent SARS-Cov-2 infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1353415. [PMID: 38966699 PMCID: PMC11222391 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1353415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The protective effectiveness provided by naturally acquired immunity against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection remain controversial. Objective To systematically evaluate the protective effect of natural immunity against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection with different variants. Methods We searched for related studies published in seven databases before March 5, 2023. Eligible studies included in the analysis reported the risk of subsequent infection for groups with or without a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome was the overall pooled incidence rate ratio (IRR) of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection/infection between the two groups. We also focused on the protective effectiveness of natural immunity against reinfection/infection with different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We used a random-effects model to pool the data, and obtained the bias-adjusted results using the trim-and-fill method. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding included studies one by one to evaluate the stability of the results. Results We identified 40 eligible articles including more than 20 million individuals without the history of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The bias-adjusted efficacy of naturally acquired antibodies against reinfection was estimated at 65% (pooled IRR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.26-0.47), with higher efficacy against symptomatic COVID-19 cases (pooled IRR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.08-0.26) than asymptomatic infection (pooled IRR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.29-0.54). Meta-regression revealed that SARS-CoV-2 variant was a statistically significant effect modifier, which explaining 46.40% of the variation in IRRs. For different SARS-CoV-2 variant, the pooled IRRs for the Alpha (pooled IRR = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.06-0.19), Delta (pooled IRR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.15-0.24) and Omicron (pooled IRR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42-0.87) variant were higher and higher. In other subgroup analyses, the pooled IRRs of SARS-CoV-2 infection were statistically various in different countries, publication year and the inclusion end time of population, with a significant difference (p = 0.02, p < 0.010 and p < 0.010), respectively. The risk of subsequent infection in the seropositive population appeared to increase slowly over time. Despite the heterogeneity in included studies, sensitivity analyses showed stable results. Conclusion Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection provides protection against pre-omicron reinfection, but less against omicron. Ongoing viral mutation requires attention and prevention strategies, such as vaccine catch-up, in conjunction with multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Le Cai
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan-Chang Yan
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Min Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Yue Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan-Tao Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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8
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Suthar MS. Durability of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Semin Immunol 2024; 73:101884. [PMID: 38861769 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2024.101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2 in humans has caused a pandemic of unprecedented dimensions. SARS-CoV-2 is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and targets ciliated epithelial cells in the nasal cavity, trachea, and lungs by utilizing the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The innate immune response, including type I and III interferons, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β), innate immune cells (monocytes, DCs, neutrophils, natural killer cells), antibodies (IgG, sIgA, neutralizing antibodies), and adaptive immune cells (B cells, CD8+ and CD4+ T cells) play pivotal roles in mitigating COVID-19 disease. Broad and durable B-cell- and T-cell immunity elicited by infection and vaccination is essential for protection against severe disease, hospitalization and death. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that evade neutralizing antibodies continue to jeopardize vaccine efficacy. In this review, we highlight our understanding the infection- and vaccine-mediated humoral, B and T cell responses, the durability of the immune responses, and how variants continue to threaten the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul S Suthar
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Center of Excellence of Influenza Research and Response (CEIRR), Atlanta, GA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Astakhova EA, Morozov AA, Vavilova JD, Filatov AV. Antigenic Cartography of SARS-CoV-2. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:862-871. [PMID: 38880647 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924050079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Antigenic cartography is a tool for interpreting and visualizing antigenic differences between virus variants based on virus neutralization data. This approach has been successfully used in the selection of influenza vaccine seed strains. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants escaping vaccine-induced antibody response, adjusting COVID-19 vaccines has become essential. This review provides information on the antigenic differences between SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed by antigenic cartography and explores a potential of antigenic cartography-based methods (e.g., building antibody landscapes and neutralization breadth gain plots) for the quantitative assessment of the breadth of the antibody response. Understanding the antigenic differences of SARS-CoV-2 and the possibilities of the formed humoral immunity aids in the prompt modification of preventative vaccines against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A Astakhova
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522, Russia.
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey A Morozov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Julia D Vavilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Alexander V Filatov
- National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, 115522, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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10
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Wang W, Bhushan GL, Paz S, Stauft CB, Selvaraj P, Goguet E, Bishop-Lilly KA, Subramanian R, Vassell R, Lusvarghi S, Cong Y, Agan B, Richard SA, Epsi NJ, Fries A, Fung CK, Conte MA, Holbrook MR, Wang TT, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Pollett SD, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Antigenic cartography using hamster sera identifies SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 evasion seen in human XBB.1.5 booster sera. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588359. [PMID: 38712124 PMCID: PMC11071293 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Antigenic assessments of SARS-CoV-2 variants inform decisions to update COVID-19 vaccines. Primary infection sera are often used for assessments, but such sera are rare due to population immunity from SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 vaccinations. Here, we show that neutralization titers and breadth of matched human and hamster pre-Omicron variant primary infection sera correlate well and generate similar antigenic maps. The hamster antigenic map shows modest antigenic drift among XBB sub-lineage variants, with JN.1 and BA.4/BA.5 variants within the XBB cluster, but with five to six-fold antigenic differences between these variants and XBB.1.5. Compared to sera following only ancestral or bivalent COVID-19 vaccinations, or with post-vaccination infections, XBB.1.5 booster sera had the broadest neutralization against XBB sub-lineage variants, although a five-fold titer difference was still observed between JN.1 and XBB.1.5 variants. These findings suggest that antibody coverage of antigenically divergent JN.1 could be improved with a matched vaccine antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Gitanjali L. Bhushan
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie Paz
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Charles B. Stauft
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Prabhu Selvaraj
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Cong
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Brian Agan
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Richard
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nusrat J. Epsi
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anthony Fries
- US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - Christian K. Fung
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Matthew A. Conte
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael R. Holbrook
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Ft. Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tony T. Wang
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Simon D. Pollett
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc. Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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11
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Goguet E, Olsen CH, Meyer WA, Ansari S, Powers JH, Conner TL, Coggins SA, Wang W, Wang R, Illinik L, Sanchez Edwards M, Jackson-Thompson BM, Hollis-Perry M, Wang G, Alcorta Y, Wong MA, Saunders D, Mohammed R, Balogun B, Kobi P, Kosh L, Bishop-Lilly K, Cer RZ, Arnold CE, Voegtly LJ, Fitzpatrick M, Luquette AE, Malagon F, Ortega O, Parmelee E, Davies J, Lindrose AR, Haines-Hull H, Moser MS, Samuels EC, Rekedal MS, Graydon EK, Malloy AMW, Tribble D, Burgess TH, Campbell W, Robinson S, Broder CC, O’Connell RJ, Weiss CD, Pollett S, Laing E, Mitre E. Immune and behavioral correlates of protection against symptomatic post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1287504. [PMID: 38566991 PMCID: PMC10985347 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction We sought to determine pre-infection correlates of protection against SARS-CoV-2 post-vaccine inzfections (PVI) acquired during the first Omicron wave in the United States. Methods Serum and saliva samples from 176 vaccinated adults were collected from October to December of 2021, immediately before the Omicron wave, and assessed for SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific IgG and IgA binding antibodies (bAb). Sera were also assessed for bAb using commercial assays, and for neutralization activity against several SARS-CoV-2 variants. PVI duration and severity, as well as risk and precautionary behaviors, were assessed by questionnaires. Results Serum anti-Spike IgG levels assessed by research assay, neutralization titers against Omicron subvariants, and low home risk scores correlated with protection against PVIs after multivariable regression analysis. Commercial assays did not perform as well as research assay, likely due to their lower dynamic range. Discussion In the 32 participants that developed PVI, anti-Spike IgG bAbs correlated with lower disease severity and shorter duration of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Goguet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Cara H. Olsen
- Department of Preventive Medicine & Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Sara Ansari
- Quest Diagnostics, Secaucus, NJ, United States
| | - John H. Powers
- Clinical Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tonia L. Conner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Si’Ana A. Coggins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Richard Wang
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Luca Illinik
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Margaret Sanchez Edwards
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Belinda M. Jackson-Thompson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Gregory Wang
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Yolanda Alcorta
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - Mimi A. Wong
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, United States
| | - David Saunders
- Translational Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Roshila Mohammed
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Bolatito Balogun
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Priscilla Kobi
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lakeesha Kosh
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberly Bishop-Lilly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Regina Z. Cer
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Catherine E. Arnold
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States
| | - Logan J. Voegtly
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- Leidos, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Maren Fitzpatrick
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- Leidos, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Andrea E. Luquette
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- Leidos, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Francisco Malagon
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Command, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
- Leidos, Reston, VA, United States
| | - Orlando Ortega
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edward Parmelee
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julian Davies
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alyssa R. Lindrose
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hannah Haines-Hull
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew S. Moser
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Emily C. Samuels
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marana S. Rekedal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth K. Graydon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Allison M. W. Malloy
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David R. Tribble
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Timothy H. Burgess
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wesley Campbell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sara Robinson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Christopher C. Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. O’Connell
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Simon Pollett
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, United States
- Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Eric D. Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Polo-Megías D, Cano-Muñoz M, Berruezo AG, Laumond G, Moog C, Conejero-Lara F. Investigating vulnerability of the conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike's heptad repeat 2 as target for fusion inhibitors using chimeric miniproteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130132. [PMID: 38354919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 membrane fusion is a highly desired target to combat COVID-19. The interaction between the spike's heptad repeat (HR) regions 1 (HR1) and 2 (HR2) is a crucial step during the fusion process and these highly conserved HR regions constitute attractive targets for fusion inhibitors. However, the relative importance of each subregion of the long HR1-HR2 interface for viral inhibition remains unclear. Here, we designed, produced, and characterized a series of chimeric miniproteins that mimic two different half subdomains of HR1. The proteins were designed as single polypeptide chains that spontaneously fold into antiparallel trimeric helical bundles aimed at structurally imitate the molecular surface of each HR1 half subregion. All the miniproteins folded stably as helical structures and could bind complementary HR2 peptides with moderate affinity. However, only the miniproteins mimicking the N-terminal HR1 half subdomain, but not those imitating C-terminal one, could inhibit cell infection by SARS-COV-2 real viruses in cell cultures. Most interestingly, the inhibitory activity of the miniproteins correlated with their structural stability, but not with their relative binding affinity for HR2 peptides. These results are highly relevant for designing more focused and active fusion inhibitors targeting the highly conserved HR2 region of the Spike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polo-Megías
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Cano-Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto G Berruezo
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Géraldine Laumond
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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13
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Sankhala RS, Lal KG, Jensen JL, Dussupt V, Mendez-Rivera L, Bai H, Wieczorek L, Mayer SV, Zemil M, Wagner DA, Townsley SM, Hajduczki A, Chang WC, Chen WH, Donofrio GC, Jian N, King HAD, Lorang CG, Martinez EJ, Rees PA, Peterson CE, Schmidt F, Hart TJ, Duso DK, Kummer LW, Casey SP, Williams JK, Kannan S, Slike BM, Smith L, Swafford I, Thomas PV, Tran U, Currier JR, Bolton DL, Davidson E, Doranz BJ, Hatziioannou T, Bieniasz PD, Paquin-Proulx D, Reiley WW, Rolland M, Sullivan NJ, Vasan S, Collins ND, Modjarrad K, Gromowski GD, Polonis VR, Michael NL, Krebs SJ, Joyce MG. Diverse array of neutralizing antibodies elicited upon Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle vaccination in rhesus macaques. Nat Commun 2024; 15:200. [PMID: 38172512 PMCID: PMC10764318 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The repeat emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoC) with decreased susceptibility to vaccine-elicited antibodies highlights the need to develop next-generation vaccine candidates that confer broad protection. Here we describe the antibody response induced by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Ferritin Nanoparticle (SpFN) vaccine candidate adjuvanted with the Army Liposomal Formulation including QS21 (ALFQ) in non-human primates. By isolating and characterizing several monoclonal antibodies directed against the Spike Receptor Binding Domain (RBD), N-Terminal Domain (NTD), or the S2 Domain, we define the molecular recognition of vaccine-elicited cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) elicited by SpFN. We identify six neutralizing antibodies with broad sarbecovirus cross-reactivity that recapitulate serum polyclonal antibody responses. In particular, RBD mAb WRAIR-5001 binds to the conserved cryptic region with high affinity to sarbecovirus clades 1 and 2, including Omicron variants, while mAb WRAIR-5021 offers complete protection from B.1.617.2 (Delta) in a murine challenge study. Our data further highlight the ability of SpFN vaccination to stimulate cross-reactive B cells targeting conserved regions of the Spike with activity against SARS CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwer S Sankhala
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerri G Lal
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaime L Jensen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vincent Dussupt
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Letzibeth Mendez-Rivera
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hongjun Bai
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sandra V Mayer
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Zemil
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Danielle A Wagner
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Samantha M Townsley
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Agnes Hajduczki
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William C Chang
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Hung Chen
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina C Donofrio
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ningbo Jian
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hannah A D King
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia G Lorang
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Martinez
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Phyllis A Rees
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline E Peterson
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bonnie M Slike
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Smith
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Isabella Swafford
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul V Thomas
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ursula Tran
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Currier
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Diane L Bolton
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Morgane Rolland
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nancy J Sullivan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Natalie D Collins
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kayvon Modjarrad
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research and Development, Pfizer, Pearl River, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Victoria R Polonis
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nelson L Michael
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Shelly J Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - M Gordon Joyce
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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14
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Guo L, Zhang Q, Gu X, Ren L, Huang T, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhong J, Wang X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Li D, Fang M, Xu L, Li H, Wang Z, Li H, Bai T, Liu W, Peng Y, Dong T, Cao B, Wang J. Durability and cross-reactive immune memory to SARS-CoV-2 in individuals 2 years after recovery from COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2024; 5:e24-e33. [PMID: 38048805 PMCID: PMC10789611 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2-specific adaptive immunity more than 1 year after initial infection has not been well characterised. The aim of this study was to investigate the durability and cross-reactivity of immunological memory acquired from natural infection against SARS-CoV-2 in individuals recovered from COVID-19 2 years after infection. METHODS In this longitudinal cohort study, we recruited patients who had recovered from laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and were discharged from Jinyintan Hospital (Wuhan, China) between Jan 7 and May 29, 2020. We carried out three successive follow-ups between June 16 and Sept 3, 2020 (6 months), Dec 16, 2020, and Feb 7, 2021 (1 year), and Nov 16, 2021, and Jan 10, 2022 (2 years), in which blood samples were taken. We included participants who did not have re-infection or receive a SARS-CoV-2 vaccination (infected-unvaccinated), and participants who received one to three doses of inactivated vaccine 1-2 years after infection (infected-vaccinated). We evaluated the presence of IgG antibodies, neutralising antibodies, and memory B-cell and memory T-cell responses against the prototype strain and delta and omicron variants. FINDINGS In infected-unvaccinated participants, neutralising antibody titres continually declined from 6-month to 2-year follow-up visits, with a half-life of about 141·2 days. Neutralising antibody responses to omicron sublineages (BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.4/5, BF.7, BQ.1, and XBB) were poor. Memory B-cell responses to the prototype strain were retained at 2 years and presented cross-reactivity to the delta and omicron BA.1 variants. The magnitude of interferon γ and T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 were not significantly different between 1 year and 2 years after infection. Multifunctional T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein were detected in most participants. Recognition of the BA.1 variant by memory T cells was not affected in most individuals. The antibody titres and the frequencies of memory B cells, but not memory T cells, increased in infected-vaccinated participants after they received the inactivated vaccine. INTERPRETATION This study improves the understanding of the duration of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity without boosting, which has implications for the design of vaccination regimens and programmes. Our data suggest that memory T-cell responses primed by initial viral infection remain highly cross-reactive after 2 years. With the increasing emergence of variants, effective vaccines should be introduced to boost neutralising antibody and overall T-cell responses to newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants. FUNDING Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities for Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Natural Science Foundation, UK Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Gu
- Department of Clinical Research and Data Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Danyang Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyu Fang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liuhui Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zai Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Jinyintan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bin Cao
- Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Chinese Academy of Medical Science Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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15
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Zhao T, Huang X, Shu Y. Comparing the immune response and protective effect of COVID-19 vaccine under different vaccination strategies. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2273155. [PMID: 38111370 PMCID: PMC10732654 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2273155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although highly infectious respiratory viral infections spread rapidly, humans have evolved a precise and complex immune mechanism to deal with respiratory viruses, with strong intrinsic, highly adaptive and specific humoral and cellular immunity. At the same time, vaccination against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the most cost-effective and efficient means of preventing morbidity, severe illness, and death from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the global epidemic of COVID-19 continues to evolve and vaccines are being developed, it is important to conduct studies on immunization strategies to optimize vaccination strategies when appropriate. This review was conducted to investigate the relationship between the immune response and the protective effect of different vaccination scenarios (including booster, sequential and hybrid immunity), and to provide a basis for the optimization of vaccination strategies and the development of new vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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16
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Wang M, Zhou B, Fan Q, Zhou X, Liao X, Lin J, Ma Z, Dong J, Wang H, Ge X, Ju B, Zhang Z. Omicron variants escape the persistent SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response in 2-year COVID-19 convalescents regardless of vaccination. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2151381. [PMID: 36444724 PMCID: PMC9809350 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2151381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, a comprehensive evaluation of long-term efficacy of antibody response in convalescent individuals is urgently needed. Several longitudinal studies had reported the antibody dynamics after SARS-CoV-2 acute infection, but the follow-up was mostly limited to 1 year or 18 months at the maximum. In this study, we investigated the durability, potency, and susceptibility to immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody in COVID-19 convalescents for 2 years after discharge. These results showed the persistent antibody-dependent immunity could protect against the WT and Delta variant to some extent. However, the Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5) largely escaped this preexisting immunity in recovered individuals. Furthermore, we revealed that inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV, CoronaVac, or KCONVAC) could improve the plasma neutralization and help to maintain the broadly neutralizing antibodies at a certain level. Notably, with the time-dependent decline of antibody, 1-dose or 2-dose vaccination strategy seemed not to be enough to provide immune protection against the emerging variants. Overall, these results facilitated our understanding of SARS-CoV-2-induced antibody memory, contributing to the development of immunization strategy against SARS-CoV-2 variants for such a large number of COVID-19 survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Fan
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinrong Zhou
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuejiao Liao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyan Lin
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Ma
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingke Dong
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Ge
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Ju
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, Bin Ju Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Zheng Zhang Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China,Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China, Bin Ju Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Zheng Zhang Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Anti-infection Drug Quality Evaluation, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China; Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong518112, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Guo L, Zhang Q, Zhong J, Chen L, Jiang W, Huang T, Li Y, Zhang Y, Xu L, Wang X, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Dong X, Dong T, Peng Y, Zhang B, Xie Y, Gao H, Shen Z, Ren L, Cheng T, Wang J. Omicron BA.1 breakthrough infections in inactivated COVID-19 vaccine recipients induced distinct pattern of antibody and T cell responses to different Omicron sublineages. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2202263. [PMID: 37037791 PMCID: PMC10155635 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2202263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The adaptive immunity against SARS-CoV-2 prototype strain and Omicron sublineages induced by BA.1 breakthrough infection in vaccinees of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines have not been well characterized. Here, we report that BA.1 breakthrough infection induced mucosal sIgA and resulted in higher IgG titers against prototype strain and Omicron sublineages in vaccinees than in vaccine naïve-infected individuals. BA.1 breakthrough infection boosted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis to prototype strain and BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.2.75 but not BA.4/5 and induced neutralization against prototype strain and BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.2.75, and BA.4/5 but not BF.7, BQ.1, and XBB. In total, BA.1 breakthrough infection individuals produced less extensive sIgA, plasma IgG and NAb responses against Omicron sublineages compared with those against prototype strain. Further, BA.1 breakthrough infection induced recall B cell response to prototype strain and Omicron variant, primarily targeting memory B cells producing conserved epitopes. Memory T cell responses against Omicron is largely preserved. Individuals with vaccine booster did not induce more beneficial immune responses to Omicron sublineages upon BA.1 breakthrough infection than those with primary vaccine dose only. The breakthrough infection individuals produced stronger adaptive immunity than those of inactivated vaccine-healthy individuals. These data have important implications for understanding the vaccine effectiveness and adaptive immunity to breakthrough infection in individuals fully immunized with inactivated vaccines. Omicron sublineages, especially for those emerged after BA.4/5 strain, evade NAb responses induced by BA.1 breakthrough infection. It is urgent to optimize the vaccine immunogen design and formulations to SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingchuan Zhong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Jiang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liuhui Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xiao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Dong
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Dong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yanchun Peng
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Biao Zhang
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Xie
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Molecular and Treatment of Liver Cancer, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Gao
- Intensive Care Unit, Emergency Medical Research Institute, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease Pathogenomics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Mykytyn AZ, Fouchier RA, Haagmans BL. Antigenic evolution of SARS coronavirus 2. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 62:101349. [PMID: 37647851 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, emerged in China in December 2019. Vaccines developed were very effective initially, however, the virus has shown remarkable evolution with multiple variants spreading globally over the last three years. Nowadays, newly emerging Omicron lineages are gaining substitutions at a fast rate, resulting in escape from neutralization by antibodies that target the Spike protein. Tools to map the impact of substitutions on the further antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2, such as antigenic cartography, may be helpful to update SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this review, we focus on the antigenic evolution of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the impact of Spike protein substitutions individually and in combination on immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Mykytyn
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron Am Fouchier
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sukhova M, Byazrova M, Mikhailov A, Yusubalieva G, Maslova I, Belovezhets T, Chikaev N, Vorobiev I, Baklaushev V, Filatov A. Humoral Immune Responses in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Comparative Pilot Study between Individuals Infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the Wild-Type and the Delta Periods. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2347. [PMID: 37764191 PMCID: PMC10536989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, humanity has experienced the spread and circulation of several SARS-CoV-2 variants that differed in transmissibility, contagiousness, and the ability to escape from vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies. However, issues related to the differences in the variant-specific immune responses remain insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to compare the parameters of the humoral immune responses in two groups of patients with acute COVID-19 who were infected during the circulation period of the D614G and the Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2. Sera from 48 patients with acute COVID-19 were tested for SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies using six assays. We found that serum samples from the D614G period demonstrated 3.9- and 1.6-fold increases in RBD- and spike-specific IgG binding with wild-type antigens compared with Delta variant antigens (p < 0.01). Cluster analysis showed the existence of two well-separated clusters. The first cluster mainly consisted of D614G-period patients and the second cluster predominantly included patients from the Delta period. The results thus obtained indicate that humoral immune responses in D614G- and Delta-specific infections can be characterized by variant-specific signatures. This can be taken into account when developing new variant-specific vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sukhova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem Mikhailov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaukhar Yusubalieva
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (G.Y.); (V.B.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Maslova
- Clinical Hospital #85, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115409 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatyana Belovezhets
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Nikolay Chikaev
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (T.B.); (N.C.)
| | - Ivan Vorobiev
- Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Bioengineering, Skryabin Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117312 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vladimir Baklaushev
- Laboratory of Cell Technology, Federal Research and Clinical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care and Medical Technologies of the FMBA of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia; (G.Y.); (V.B.)
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (M.B.); (A.M.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Hobbs FDR, Montgomery H, Padilla F, Simón-Campos JA, Kim K, Arbetter D, Padilla KW, Reddy VP, Seegobin S, Streicher K, Templeton A, Viani RM, Johnsson E, Koh GCKW, Esser MT. Outpatient Treatment with AZD7442 (Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab) Prevented COVID-19 Hospitalizations over 6 Months and Reduced Symptom Progression in the TACKLE Randomized Trial. Infect Dis Ther 2023; 12:2269-2287. [PMID: 37751015 PMCID: PMC10581960 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-023-00861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed effects of AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) on deaths from any cause or hospitalizations due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and symptom severity and longer-term safety in the TACKLE adult outpatient treatment study. METHODS Participants received 600 mg AZD7442 (n = 452) or placebo (n = 451) ≤ 7 days of COVID-19 symptom onset. RESULTS Death from any cause or hospitalization for COVID-19 complications or sequelae through day 169 (key secondary endpoint) occurred in 20/399 (5.0%) participants receiving AZD7442 versus 40/407 (9.8%) receiving placebo [relative risk reduction (RRR) 49.1%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 14.5, 69.7; p = 0.009] or 50.7% (95% CI 17.5, 70.5; p = 0.006) after excluding participants unblinded before day 169 for consideration of vaccination). AZD7442 reduced progression of COVID-19 symptoms versus placebo through to day 29 (RRR 12.5%; 95% CI 0.5, 23.0) and improved most symptoms within 1-2 weeks. Over median safety follow-up of 170 days, adverse events occurred in 174 (38.5%) and 196 (43.5%) participants receiving AZD7442 or placebo, respectively. Cardiac serious adverse events occurred in two (0.4%) and three (0.7%) participants receiving AZD7442 or placebo, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AZD7442 was well tolerated and reduced hospitalization and mortality through 6 months, and symptom burden through 29 days, in outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04723394. ( https://beta. CLINICALTRIALS gov/study/NCT04723394 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Francisco Padilla
- Centro de Investigación en Cardiología y Metabolismo, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | - Douglas Arbetter
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly W Padilla
- Clinical Development, Late-Stage Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Venkatesh Pilla Reddy
- Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Seth Seegobin
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie Streicher
- Translational Medicine, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Alison Templeton
- Biometrics, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rolando M Viani
- Late-Stage Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Eva Johnsson
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gavin C K W Koh
- Clinical Development, Late-Stage Development, Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark T Esser
- Vaccines & Immune Therapies, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, 20878, USA.
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21
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Liew MNY, Kua KP, Lee SWH, Wong KK. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody bebtelovimab - a systematic scoping review and meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100263. [PMID: 37701439 PMCID: PMC10494534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic is a major global public health crisis. More than 2 years into the pandemic, effective therapeutic options remain limited due to rapid viral evolution. Stemming from the emergence of multiple variants, several monoclonal antibodies are no longer suitable for clinical use. This scoping review aimed to summarize the preclinical and clinical evidence for bebtelovimab in treating newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Methods We systematically searched five electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Embase, Global Health, and PsycINFO) from date of inception to September 30, 2022, for studies reporting on the effect of bebtelovimab in SARS-CoV-2 infection, using a combination of search terms around -bebtelovimab‖, -LY-CoV1404‖, -LY3853113‖, and -coronavirus infection‖. All citations were screened independently by two researchers. Data were extracted and thematically analyzed based on study design by adhering to the stipulated scoping review approaches. Results Thirty-nine studies were included, thirty-four non-clinical studies were narratively synthesized, and five clinical studies were meta-analyzed. The non-clinical studies revealed bebtelovimab not only potently neutralized wide-type SARS-CoV-2 and existing variants of concern such as B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.617.2 (Delta), but also retained appreciable activity against Omicron lineages, including BA.2.75, BA.4, BA.4.6, and BA.5. Unlike other monoclonal antibodies, bebtelovimab was able to bind to epitope of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein by exploiting loop mobility or by minimizing side-chain interactions. Pooled analysis from clinical studies depicted that the rates of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death were similar between bebtelovimab and other COVID-19 therapies. Bebtelovimab was associated with a low incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events. Conclusion Preclinical evidence suggests bebtelovimab be a potential treatment for COVID-19 amidst viral evolution. Bebtelovimab has comparable efficacy to other COVID-19 therapies without evident safety concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Nyit Yi Liew
- Pharmacy Unit, Puchong Health Clinic, Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Petaling, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok Pim Kua
- Pharmacy Unit, Puchong Health Clinic, Petaling District Health Office, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Petaling, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shaun Wen Huey Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Health and Well-being Cluster, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Gerontechnology Laboratory, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Global Health, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kon Ken Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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22
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Muangnoicharoen S, Wiangcharoen R, Nanthapisal S, Kamolratakul S, Lawpoolsri S, Jongkaewwattana A, Thitithanyanont A, Luvira V, Chinwangso P, Thanthamnu N, Chantratita N, Lim JK, Anh Wartel T, Excler JL, Ryser MF, Leong C, Mak TK, Pitisuttithum P. Single Ad26.COV2.S booster dose following two doses of BBIBP-CorV vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults: Day 28 results of a phase 1/2 open-label trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:4648-4657. [PMID: 37344265 PMCID: PMC10267503 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inactivated COVID-19 whole-virus vaccine BBIBP-CorV has been extensively used worldwide. Heterologous boosting after primary vaccination can induce higher immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 than homologous boosting. The safety and immunogenicity after 28 days of a single Ad26.COV2.S booster dose given at different intervals after 2 doses of BBIBP-CorV are presented. METHODS This open-label phase 1/2 trial was conducted in healthy adults in Thailand who had completed 2-dose primary vaccination with BBIBP-CorV. Participants received a single booster dose of Ad26.COV2.S (5 × 1010 virus particles) 90-240 days (Group A1; n = 360) or 45-75 days (Group A2; n = 66) after the second BBIBP-CorV dose. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed over 28 days. Binding IgG antibodies to the full-length pre-fusion Spike and anti-nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus neutralization assay and live virus microneutralization assay were used to quantify the neutralizing activity of antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1) and the delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (B.1.1.529/BA.1 and BA.2) variants. The cell-mediated immune response was measured using a quantitative interferon (IFN)-γ release assay in whole blood. RESULTS Solicited local and systemic adverse events (AEs) on days 0-7 were mostly mild, as were unsolicited vaccine-related AEs during days 0-28, with no serious AEs. On day 28, anti-Spike binding antibodies increased from baseline by 487- and 146-fold in Groups A1 and A2, and neutralizing antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 by 55- and 37-fold, respectively. Humoral responses were strongest against ancestral SARS-CoV-2, followed by the delta, then the omicron BA.2 and BA.1 variants. T-cell-produced interferon-γ increased approximately 10-fold in both groups. CONCLUSIONS A single heterologous Ad26.COV2.S booster dose after two BBIBP-CorV doses was well tolerated and induced robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses measured at day 28 in both interval groups. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT05109559.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sant Muangnoicharoen
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rakpong Wiangcharoen
- Phaholpolpayuhasena Hospital, 572 Saeng Chuto Road Muang, Kanchanaburi 71000, Thailand
| | - Sira Nanthapisal
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Supitcha Kamolratakul
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Saranath Lawpoolsri
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anan Jongkaewwattana
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Viravarn Luvira
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Pailinrut Chinwangso
- Center of Excellence for Biomedical and Public Health Informatics (BIOPHICS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumon Thanthamnu
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | - T Anh Wartel
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chloe Leong
- Janssen Asia Pacific Medical Affairs Operations, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tippi K Mak
- Centre of Regulatory Excellence, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Punnee Pitisuttithum
- Vaccine Trial Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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23
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Dogra P, Schiavone C, Wang Z, Ruiz-Ramírez J, Caserta S, Staquicini DI, Markosian C, Wang J, Sostman HD, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Cristini V. A modeling-based approach to optimize COVID-19 vaccine dosing schedules for improved protection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169860. [PMID: 37227783 PMCID: PMC10371350 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
While the development of different vaccines slowed the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2, the occurrence of breakthrough infections has continued to fuel the COVID-19 pandemic. To secure at least partial protection in the majority of the population through 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, delayed administration of boosters has been implemented in many countries. However, waning immunity and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that such measures may induce breakthrough infections due to intermittent lapses in protection. Optimizing vaccine dosing schedules to ensure prolonged continuity in protection could thus help control the pandemic. We developed a mechanistic model of immune response to vaccines as an in silico tool for dosing schedule optimization. The model was calibrated with clinical data sets of acquired immunity to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised participants and showed robust validation by accurately predicting neutralizing antibody kinetics in response to multiple doses of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Importantly, by estimating population vulnerability to breakthrough infections, we predicted tailored vaccination dosing schedules to minimize breakthrough infections, especially for immunocompromised individuals. We identified that the optimal vaccination schedules vary from CDC-recommended dosing, suggesting that the model is a valuable tool to optimize vaccine efficacy outcomes during future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carmine Schiavone
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Ruiz-Ramírez
- Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela I. Staquicini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christopher Markosian
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - H. Dirk Sostman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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24
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Astakhova EA, Morozov AA, Byazrova MG, Sukhova MM, Mikhailov AA, Minnegalieva AR, Gorchakov AA, Filatov AV. Antigenic Cartography Indicates That the Omicron BA.1 and BA.4/BA.5 Variants Remain Antigenically Distant to Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 after Sputnik V Vaccination Followed by Homologous (Sputnik V) or Heterologous (Comirnaty) Revaccination. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10493. [PMID: 37445671 PMCID: PMC10341525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants is an ongoing challenge for COVID-19 vaccinology. Traditional virus neutralization tests provide detailed datasets of neutralization titers against the viral variants. Such datasets are difficult to interpret and do not immediately inform of the sufficiency of the breadth of the antibody response. Some of these issues could be tackled using the antigenic cartography approach. In this study, we created antigenic maps using neutralization titers of sera from donors who received the Sputnik V booster vaccine after primary Sputnik V vaccination and compared them with the antigenic maps based on serum neutralization titers of Comirnaty-boosted donors. A traditional analysis of neutralization titers against the WT (wild-type), Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.4/BA.5 variants showed a significant booster humoral response after both homologous (Sputnik V) and heterologous (Comirnaty) revaccinations against all of the studied viral variants. However, despite this, a more in-depth analysis using antigenic cartography revealed that Omicron variants remain antigenically distant from the WT, which is indicative of the formation of insufficient levels of cross-neutralizing antibodies. The implications of these findings may be significant when developing a new vaccine regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Astakhova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey A. Morozov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria G. Byazrova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria M. Sukhova
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A. Mikhailov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aygul R. Minnegalieva
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Evolutionary Biology, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Andrey A. Gorchakov
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Filatov
- Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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25
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Braeye T, van Loenhout JAF, Brondeel R, Stouten V, Hubin P, Billuart M, Chung PYJ, Vandromme M, Wyndham-Thomas C, Blot K, Catteau L. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection and hospitalisation in Belgium, July 2021 to May 2022. Euro Surveill 2023; 28:2200768. [PMID: 37382885 PMCID: PMC10311948 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2023.28.26.2200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe Belgian COVID-19 vaccination campaign aimed to reduce disease spread and severity.AimWe estimated SARS-CoV-2 variant-specific vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic infection (VEi) and hospitalisation (VEh), given time since vaccination and prior infection.MethodsNationwide healthcare records from July 2021 to May 2022 on testing and vaccination were combined with a clinical hospital survey. We used a test-negative design and proportional hazard regression to estimate VEi and VEh, controlling for prior infection, time since vaccination, age, sex, residence and calendar week of sampling.ResultsWe included 1,932,546 symptomatic individuals, of whom 734,115 tested positive. VEi against Delta waned from an initial estimate of 80% (95% confidence interval (CI): 80-81) to 55% (95% CI: 54-55) 100-150 days after the primary vaccination course. Booster vaccination increased initial VEi to 85% (95% CI: 84-85). Against Omicron, an initial VEi of 33% (95% CI: 30-36) waned to 17% (95% CI: 15-18), while booster vaccination increased VEi to 50% (95% CI: 49-50), which waned to 20% (95% CI: 19-21) 100-150 days after vaccination. Initial VEh for booster vaccination decreased from 96% (95% CI: 95-96) against Delta to 87% (95% CI: 86-89) against Omicron. VEh against Omicron waned to 73% (95% CI: 71-75) 100-150 days after booster vaccination. While recent prior infections conferred higher protection, infections occurring before 2021 remained associated with significant risk reduction against symptomatic infection. Vaccination and prior infection outperformed vaccination or prior infection only.ConclusionWe report waning and a significant decrease in VEi and VEh from Delta to Omicron-dominant periods. Booster vaccination and prior infection attenuated these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toon Braeye
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Ruben Brondeel
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veerle Stouten
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Hubin
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Billuart
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mathil Vandromme
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Koen Blot
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucy Catteau
- Department of Epidemiology and public health, Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
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26
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Struble EB, Rawson JMO, Stantchev T, Scott D, Shapiro MA. Uses and Challenges of Antiviral Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibody Therapies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051538. [PMID: 37242780 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral diseases represent a major public health concerns and ever-present risks for developing into future pandemics. Antiviral antibody therapeutics, either alone or in combination with other therapies, emerged as valuable preventative and treatment options, including during global emergencies. Here we will discuss polyclonal and monoclonal antiviral antibody therapies, focusing on the unique biochemical and physiological properties that make them well-suited as therapeutic agents. We will describe the methods of antibody characterization and potency assessment throughout development, highlighting similarities and differences between polyclonal and monoclonal products as appropriate. In addition, we will consider the benefits and challenges of antiviral antibodies when used in combination with other antibodies or other types of antiviral therapeutics. Lastly, we will discuss novel approaches to the characterization and development of antiviral antibodies and identify areas that would benefit from additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi B Struble
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Jonathan M O Rawson
- Division of Antivirals, Office of Infectious Diseases, Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Tzanko Stantchev
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Dorothy Scott
- Division of Plasma Derivatives, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Marjorie A Shapiro
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research 1, Office of Biotechnology Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
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27
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Nair MS, Ribeiro RM, Wang M, Bowen AD, Liu L, Guo Y, Chang JY, Wang P, Sheng Z, Sobieszczyk ME, Perelson AS, Huang Y, Ho DD. Changes in serum-neutralizing antibody potency and breadth post-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine boost. iScience 2023; 26:106345. [PMID: 36925721 PMCID: PMC9987605 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the durability and breadth of serum-neutralizing antibody responses against multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants elicited by COVID-19 vaccines is crucial in addressing the current pandemic. In this study, we quantified the decay of serum neutralization antibodies (nAbs) after second and third doses of the original COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Using an authentic virus-neutralization assay, we found that decay half-lives of WA1- and Delta-nAbs were both ∼60 days after second and third vaccine dose. Unexpectedly, the durability of serum antibodies that neutralize three different Omicron subvariants (BA.1.1, BA.5, BA.2.12.1) was substantially better, with half-lives of ≥6 months. A booster dose of the original COVID-19 vaccine was also found to broaden antibody responses against SARS-CoV and four other sarbecoviruses, in addition to multiple SARS-CoV-2 strains. These findings suggest that repeated vaccinations with the COVID-19 vaccine may confer a degree of protection against future spillover of sarbecoviruses from animal reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj S. Nair
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ruy M. Ribeiro
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Maple Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Anthony D. Bowen
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yicheng Guo
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jennifer Y. Chang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Magdalena E. Sobieszczyk
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alan S. Perelson
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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28
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Hernandez NE, Jankowski W, Frick R, Kelow SP, Lubin JH, Simhadri V, Adolf-Bryfogle J, Khare SD, Dunbrack RL, Gray JJ, Sauna ZE. Computational design of nanomolar-binding antibodies specific to multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants by engineering a specificity switch of antibody 80R using RosettaAntibodyDesign (RAbD) results in potential generalizable therapeutic antibodies for novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15032. [PMID: 37035348 PMCID: PMC10069166 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human infectious disease COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a major threat to global public health. Developing a vaccine is the preferred prophylactic response to epidemics and pandemics. However, for individuals who have contracted the disease, the rapid design of antibodies that can target the SARS-CoV-2 virus fulfils a critical need. Further, discovering antibodies that bind multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 can aid in the development of rapid antigen tests (RATs) which are critical for the identification and isolation of individuals currently carrying COVID-19. Here we provide a proof-of-concept study for the computational design of high-affinity antibodies that bind to multiple variants of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein using RosettaAntibodyDesign (RAbD). Well characterized antibodies that bind with high affinity to the SARS-CoV-1 (but not SARS-CoV-2) spike protein were used as templates and re-designed to bind the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with high affinity, resulting in a specificity switch. A panel of designed antibodies were experimentally validated. One design bound to a broad range of variants of concern including the Omicron, Delta, Wuhan, and South African spike protein variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Hernandez
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research U.S. FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wojciech Jankowski
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research U.S. FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rahel Frick
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Simon P. Kelow
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph H. Lubin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ USA
| | - Vijaya Simhadri
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research U.S. FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Sagar D. Khare
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ USA
- Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Roland L. Dunbrack
- Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Gray
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Molecular Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zuben E. Sauna
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research U.S. FDA, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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29
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Gerardi V, Rohaim MA, Naggar RFE, Atasoy MO, Munir M. Deep Structural Analysis of Myriads of Omicron Sub-Variants Revealed Hotspot for Vaccine Escape Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:668. [PMID: 36992252 PMCID: PMC10059128 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of the Omicron variant has reinforced the importance of continued SARS-CoV-2 evolution and its possible impact on vaccine effectiveness. Specifically, mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) are critical to comprehend the flexibility and dynamicity of the viral interaction with the human agniotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. To this end, we have applied a string of deep structural and genetic analysis tools to map the substitution patterns in the S protein of major Omicron sub-variants (n = 51) with a primary focus on the RBD mutations. This head-to-head comparison of Omicron sub-variants revealed multiple simultaneous mutations that are attributed to antibody escape, and increased affinity and binding to hACE2. Our deep mapping of the substitution matrix indicated a high level of diversity at the N-terminal and RBD domains compared with other regions of the S protein, highlighting the importance of these two domains in a matched vaccination approach. Structural mapping identified highly variable mutations in the up confirmation of the S protein and at sites that critically define the function of the S protein in the virus pathobiology. These substitutional trends offer support in tracking mutations along the evolutionary trajectories of SAR-CoV-2. Collectively, the findings highlight critical areas of mutations across the major Omicron sub-variants and propose several hotspots in the S proteins of SARS-CoV-2 sub-variants to train the future design and development of COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gerardi
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Mohammed A. Rohaim
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Rania F. El Naggar
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat 32897, Egypt
| | - Mustafa O. Atasoy
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
| | - Muhammad Munir
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YG, UK
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30
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Shafaati M, Bagherzadeh K, Lotfinia M, Karimi H, Teimoori A, Razazian M, Meidaninikjeh S, Hosseini H, Jamshidi HR, Jalili H, Abdoli A. The protection quest is a primary key to sharing the neutralizing antibody response to cover against all emerging VOCs based on BIV1-CovIran studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14108. [PMID: 36873499 PMCID: PMC9968494 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Over time, the antigenic evolution of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 has demanded the development of potential protective vaccines. Administration of additional doses of current vaccines based on the WT spike protein may boost immunity, but their effectiveness has dwindled for patients with more recent variants. Here, we studied the neutralization activity of post-WT strain-based vaccination and a structural simulation in-silico based on the interactions of the RBD-hACE2 as the key to initiating infection among the VOCs of SARS-CoV-2. Our data display shows that WT sera showed a markedly greater reduction in Delta and Omicron, suggesting that the Wuhan-based vaccines may be more susceptible to breakthrough and new VOCs. According to the MD simulation, mutations of Omicron result in a significant change in the variant charge distribution throughout the binding interface that consequently alters the critical interface electrostatic potential in comparison to other variants. This observation provides new insights into immunization policy and next-generation vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shafaati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty Science, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Kowsar Bagherzadeh
- Eye Research Center, The Five Senses Health Institute, Rassoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Lotfinia
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hesam Karimi
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Teimoori
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Razazian
- Universite Paris Saclay, INSERM U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology Department, France.,Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Sepideh Meidaninikjeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Hosseini
- Center for Research and Training in Skin Disease and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Jamshidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Jalili
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Amirabad Virology Laboratory, Vaccine Unit, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Das NC, Chakraborty P, Bayry J, Mukherjee S. Comparative Binding Ability of Human Monoclonal Antibodies against Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: An In Silico Investigation. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:17. [PMID: 36975364 PMCID: PMC10045060 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutation(s) in the spike protein is the major characteristic trait of newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 variants such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Delta-plus. Omicron (B.1.1.529) is the latest addition and it has been characterized by high transmissibility and the ability to escape host immunity. Recently developed vaccines and repurposed drugs exert limited action on Omicron strains and hence new therapeutics are immediately needed. Herein, we have explored the efficiency of twelve therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the RBD region of the spike glycoprotein against all the Omicron variants bearing a mutation in spike protein through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Our in silico evidence reveals that adintivimab, beludivimab, and regadanivimab are the most potent mAbs to form strong biophysical interactions and neutralize most of the Omicron variants. Considering the efficacy of mAbs, we incorporated CDRH3 of beludavimab within the framework of adintrevimab, which displayed a more intense binding affinity towards all of the Omicron variants viz. BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5. Furthermore, the cDNA of chimeric mAb was cloned in silico within pET30ax for recombinant production. In conclusion, the present study represents the candidature of human mAbs (beludavimab and adintrevimab) and the therapeutic potential of designed chimeric mAb for treating Omicron-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chandra Das
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713 340, India
| | - Pritha Chakraborty
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713 340, India
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Department of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, Palakkad 678 623, India
| | - Suprabhat Mukherjee
- Integrative Biochemistry & Immunology Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, Kazi Nazrul University, Asansol 713 340, India
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Zhu Y, Zhong Q, Ma Z, Liu S, Lan Y, Peng B, Zhang X, Shi X, Qu J, Wu Z, Zhao Z, Zhang X, Zhang D. Neutralization Effect of Sera against Delta and Omicron in Patients Recovering from COVID-19 and Inactivated Vaccine Recipients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020471. [PMID: 36851348 PMCID: PMC9961257 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the serum neutralization capacity against Delta and Omicron variants in three clusters of individuals, including those who had recovered from COVID-19 and those who had received two and three doses of inactivated vaccine. Pseudovirus neutralization tests were performed on serum samples. The neutralizing titers between different groups were compared using the Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Among the two-dose vaccinees, the neutralization titers of the Omicron variant were reduced by approximately 3.1-fold compared to the wild-type virus (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, among the three-dose vaccinees, the neutralization titers for Delta and Omicron variants were 3.5-fold (p < 0.05) and 5.0-fold (p < 0.05) lower, respectively, as compared to the wild-type virus. In addition, among the recovering patients, the neutralization titers for Delta and Omicron variants were 3.9-fold (p < 0.05) and 29.1-fold (p < 0.05) lower, respectively, as compared to the wild-type virus. Overall, only 12.0% (11/92) of participants showed neutralizing titers against Omicron above the detection limit. The ability to neutralize wild-type pseudovirus was significantly boosted in three-dose vaccinees as compared to two-dose vaccinees. Sera from recovered patients showed greater neutralizing titers for the wild-type and Delta pseudoviruses than the two- and three-dose inactivated vaccine groups. The present study revealed a loss of neutralizing activity against the Omicron variant in almost all samples. Moreover, the immunization effect obtained through natural infection is more robust than that from the active immunization method of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qianhong Zhong
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Foshan Fourth People’s Hospital, Foshan 528208, China
| | - Zhanzhong Ma
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan 512027, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunhua Lan
- Institute of Immunization Program, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhilong Wu
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Foshan Fourth People’s Hospital, Foshan 528208, China
| | - Zhimeng Zhao
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Foshan Fourth People’s Hospital, Foshan 528208, China
| | - Xilin Zhang
- Department of Tuberculosis Prevention and Control, Foshan Fourth People’s Hospital, Foshan 528208, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (D.Z.)
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33
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Miyamoto S, Arashiro T, Ueno A, Kanno T, Saito S, Katano H, Iida S, Ainai A, Ozono S, Hemmi T, Hirata Y, Moriyama S, Kotaki R, Kinoshita H, Yamada S, Shinkai M, Fukushi S, Takahashi Y, Suzuki T. Non-Omicron breakthrough infection with higher viral load and longer vaccination-infection interval improves SARS-CoV-2 BA.4/5 neutralization. iScience 2023; 26:105969. [PMID: 36687316 PMCID: PMC9837220 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 variants in COVID-19 cases are influenced by various factors including pre-existing immunity via vaccination and prior infection. Elucidating the drivers for upgrading neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 cases with pre-existing immunity will aid in improving COVID-19 booster vaccines with enhanced cross-protection against antigenically distinct variants, including the Omicron sub-lineage BA.4/5. This study revealed that the magnitude and breadth of neutralization activity to SARS-CoV-2 variants after breakthrough infections are determined primarily by upper respiratory viral load and vaccination-infection time interval. Extensive neutralizing breadth, covering even the most antigenically distant BA.4/5, was observed in cases with higher viral load and longer time intervals. Antigenic cartography depicted a critical role of the time interval in expanding the breadth of neutralization to SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results illustrate the importance of dosing interval optimization as well as antigen design in developing variant-proof booster vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Miyamoto
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arashiro
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan,Center for Surveillance Immunization and Epidemiologic Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Ueno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shinji Saito
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Akira Ainai
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Seiya Ozono
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takuya Hemmi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Hirata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Saya Moriyama
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kotaki
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kinoshita
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Souichi Yamada
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Shuetsu Fukushi
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan,Corresponding author
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Cox M, Peacock TP, Harvey WT, Hughes J, Wright DW, Willett BJ, Thomson E, Gupta RK, Peacock SJ, Robertson DL, Carabelli AM. SARS-CoV-2 variant evasion of monoclonal antibodies based on in vitro studies. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:112-124. [PMID: 36307535 PMCID: PMC9616429 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 124.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) offer a treatment option for individuals with severe COVID-19 and are especially important in high-risk individuals where vaccination is not an option. Given the importance of understanding the evolution of resistance to mAbs by SARS-CoV-2, we reviewed the available in vitro neutralization data for mAbs against live variants and viral constructs containing spike mutations of interest. Unfortunately, evasion of mAb-induced protection is being reported with new SARS-CoV-2 variants. The magnitude of neutralization reduction varied greatly among mAb-variant pairs. For example, sotrovimab retained its neutralization capacity against Omicron BA.1 but showed reduced efficacy against BA.2, BA.4 and BA.5, and BA.2.12.1. At present, only bebtelovimab has been reported to retain its efficacy against all SARS-CoV-2 variants considered here. Resistance to mAb neutralization was dominated by the action of epitope single amino acid substitutions in the spike protein. Although not all observed epitope mutations result in increased mAb evasion, amino acid substitutions at non-epitope positions and combinations of mutations also contribute to evasion of neutralization. This Review highlights the implications for the rational design of viral genomic surveillance and factors to consider for the development of novel mAb therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- MacGregor Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas P Peacock
- Department of Infectious Disease, St Mary's Medical School, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - William T Harvey
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Joseph Hughes
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Derek W Wright
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Brian J Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Emma Thomson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - David L Robertson
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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35
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Dogra P, Schiavone C, Wang Z, Ruiz-Ramírez J, Caserta S, Staquicini DI, Markosian C, Wang J, Sostman HD, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Cristini V. A modeling-based approach to optimize COVID-19 vaccine dosing schedules for improved protection. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2022.09.14.22279959. [PMID: 36415468 PMCID: PMC9681049 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.14.22279959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
While the development of different vaccines has slowed the dissemination of SARS-CoV-2, the occurrence of breakthrough infections continues to fuel the pandemic. As a strategy to secure at least partial protection, with a single dose of a given COVID-19 vaccine to maximum possible fraction of the population, delayed administration of subsequent doses (or boosters) has been implemented in many countries. However, waning immunity and emergence of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 suggest that such measures may jeopardize the attainment of herd immunity due to intermittent lapses in protection. Optimizing vaccine dosing schedules could thus make the difference between periodic occurrence of breakthrough infections or effective control of the pandemic. To this end, we have developed a mechanistic mathematical model of adaptive immune response to vaccines and demonstrated its applicability to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as a proof-of-concept for future outbreaks. The model was thoroughly calibrated against multiple clinical datasets involving immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA vaccines in healthy and immunocompromised subjects (cancer patients undergoing therapy); the model showed robust clinical validation by accurately predicting neutralizing antibody kinetics, a correlate of vaccine-induced protection, in response to multiple doses of mRNA vaccines. Importantly, we estimated population vulnerability to breakthrough infections and predicted tailored vaccination dosing schedules to maximize protection and thus minimize breakthrough infections, based on the immune status of a sub-population. We have identified a critical waiting window for cancer patients (or, immunocompromised subjects) to allow recovery of the immune system (particularly CD4+ T-cells) for effective differentiation of B-cells to produce neutralizing antibodies and thus achieve optimal vaccine efficacy against variants of concern, especially between the first and second doses. Also, we have obtained optimized dosing schedules for subsequent doses in healthy and immunocompromised subjects, which vary from the CDC-recommended schedules, to minimize breakthrough infections. The developed modeling tool is based on generalized adaptive immune response to antigens and can thus be leveraged to guide vaccine dosing schedules during future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Dogra
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmine Schiavone
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Javier Ruiz-Ramírez
- Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Industrial Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela I. Staquicini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Christopher Markosian
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - H. Dirk Sostman
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Division of Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Wadih Arap
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Vittorio Cristini
- Mathematics in Medicine Program, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Neal Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology Program, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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36
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da Silva SJR, Kohl A, Pena L, Pardee K. Recent insights into SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2373. [PMID: 35662313 PMCID: PMC9347414 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant (B.1.1.529) was first identified in Botswana and South Africa, and its emergence has been associated with a steep increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The omicron variant has subsequently spread very rapidly across the world, resulting in the World Health Organization classification as a variant of concern on 26 November 2021. Since its emergence, great efforts have been made by research groups around the world that have rapidly responded to fill our gaps in knowledge for this novel variant. A growing body of data has demonstrated that the omicron variant shows high transmissibility, robust binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, attenuated viral replication, and causes less severe disease in COVID-19 patients. Further, the variant has high environmental stability, high resistance against most therapeutic antibodies, and partial escape neutralisation by antibodies from convalescent patients or vaccinated individuals. With the pandemic ongoing, there is a need for the distillation of literature from primary research into an accessible format for the community. In this review, we summarise the key discoveries related to the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant, highlighting the gaps in knowledge that guide the field's ongoing and future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severino Jefferson Ribeiro da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of VirologyLaboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE)Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)RecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Alain Kohl
- MRC‐University of Glasgow Centre for Virus ResearchGlasgowUK
| | - Lindomar Pena
- Department of VirologyLaboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapy (LAVITE)Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz)RecifePernambucoBrazil
| | - Keith Pardee
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesLeslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
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37
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Wang W, Lusvarghi S, Subramanian R, Epsi NJ, Wang R, Goguet E, Fries AC, Echegaray F, Vassell R, Coggins SA, Richard SA, Lindholm DA, Mende K, Ewers EC, Larson DT, Colombo RE, Colombo CJ, Joseph JO, Rozman JS, Smith A, Lalani T, Berjohn CM, Maves RC, Jones MU, Mody R, Huprikar N, Livezey J, Saunders D, Hollis-Perry M, Wang G, Ganesan A, Simons MP, Broder CC, Tribble DR, Laing ED, Agan BK, Burgess TH, Mitre E, Pollett SD, Katzelnick LC, Weiss CD. Antigenic cartography of well-characterized human sera shows SARS-CoV-2 neutralization differences based on infection and vaccination history. Cell Host Microbe 2022; 30:1745-1758.e7. [PMID: 36356586 PMCID: PMC9584854 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The rapid emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants challenges vaccination strategies. Here, we collected 201 serum samples from persons with a single infection or multiple vaccine exposures, or both. We measured their neutralization titers against 15 natural variants and 7 variants with engineered spike mutations and analyzed antigenic diversity. Antigenic maps of primary infection sera showed that Omicron sublineages BA.2, BA.4/BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 are distinct from BA.1 and more similar to Beta/Gamma/Mu variants. Three mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations increased neutralization of BA.1 more than BA.4/BA.5 or BA.2.12.1. BA.1 post-vaccination infection elicited higher neutralization titers to all variants than three vaccinations alone, although with less neutralization to BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/BA.5. Those with BA.1 infection after two or three vaccinations had similar neutralization titer magnitude and antigenic recognition. Accounting for antigenic differences among variants when interpreting neutralization titers can aid the understanding of complex patterns in humoral immunity that informs the selection of future COVID-19 vaccine strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sabrina Lusvarghi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Subramanian
- Office of Data Science and Emerging Technologies, Office of Science Management and Operations, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nusrat J Epsi
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard Wang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Emilie Goguet
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony C Fries
- U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Fairborn, OH, USA
| | - Fernando Echegaray
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Russell Vassell
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Si'Ana A Coggins
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Richard
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Lindholm
- Brooke Army Medical Center, Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrin Mende
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Evan C Ewers
- Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, VA, USA
| | | | - Rhonda E Colombo
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - Janet O Joseph
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julia S Rozman
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alfred Smith
- Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Tahaniyat Lalani
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Portsmouth, VA, USA
| | - Catherine M Berjohn
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ryan C Maves
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Rupal Mody
- William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Nikhil Huprikar
- Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Livezey
- Department of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Saunders
- Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Monique Hollis-Perry
- Clinical Trials Center, Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Gregory Wang
- General Dynamics Information Technology, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Anuradha Ganesan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mark P Simons
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Tribble
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eric D Laing
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian K Agan
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy H Burgess
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Edward Mitre
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Simon D Pollett
- Infectious Diseases Clinical Research Program, Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Leah C Katzelnick
- Viral Epidemiology and Immunity Unit, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Carol D Weiss
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Polo-Megías D, Cano-Muñoz M, Berruezo AG, Laumond G, Moog C, Conejero-Lara F. Exploring Highly Conserved Regions of SARS-CoV-2 Spike S2 Subunit as Targets for Fusion Inhibition Using Chimeric Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415511. [PMID: 36555153 PMCID: PMC9778920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, considerable efforts have been made to develop protective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, immunity tends to decline within a few months, and new virus variants are emerging with increased transmissibility and capacity to evade natural or vaccine-acquired immunity. Therefore, new robust strategies are needed to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection. The viral spike composed of S1 and S2 subunits mediates viral attachment and membrane fusion to infect the host cell. In this process, interaction between the highly conserved heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions (HR1 and HR2) of S2 is crucial and for this reason; these regions are promising targets to fight SARS-CoV-2. Here, we describe the design and characterization of chimeric proteins that structurally imitate the S2 HR1 region in a trimeric coiled-coil conformation. We biophysically characterized the proteins and determined their capacity to bind the HR2 region, as well as their inhibitory activity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. HR1 mimetic proteins showed conformational heterogeneity and a propensity to form oligomers. Moreover, their structure is composed of subdomains with varied stability. Interestingly, the full HR1 proteins showed high affinity for HR2-derived peptides and SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity, whereas smaller proteins mimicking HR1 subdomains had a decreased affinity for their complementary HR2 region and did not inhibit the virus. The results provide insight into effective strategies to create mimetic proteins with broad inhibitory activity and therapeutic potential against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polo-Megías
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Mario Cano-Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto G Berruezo
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Géraldine Laumond
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Moog
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR_S 1109, Institut Thématique Interdisciplinaire (ITI) de Médecine de Précision de Strasbourg, Transplantex NG, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
- Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), F-94000 Créteil, France
| | - Francisco Conejero-Lara
- Departamento de Química Física, Instituto de Biotecnología y Unidad de Excelencia de Química Aplicada a Biomedicina y Medioambiente (UEQ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Gershengorn HB, Patel S, Ferreira T, Das S, Parekh DJ, Shukla B. The clinical effectiveness of REGEN-COV in SARS-CoV-2 infection with Omicron versus Delta variants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278770. [PMID: 36459537 PMCID: PMC9718412 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro studies suggesting that REGEN-COV (casirivimab plus imdevimab monoclonal antibodies) had poor efficacy against Omicron-variant SARS-CoV-2 infection led to amendment of REGEN-COV's Emergency Use Authorization to recommend use only in regions without high Omicron prevalence. REGEN-COV's relative clinical effectiveness for Omicron is unknown. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of non-hospitalized adults who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction at the University of Miami Health System from July 19 -November 21, 2021 (Delta period) and December 6, 2021 -January 7, 2022 (Omicron period). Subjects were stratified be REGEN-COV receipt within 72h of test positivity and by time period of infection. We constructed multivariable logistic regression models to assess the differential association of REGEN-COV receipt with hospitalization within 30 days (primary outcome) and ED presentation; all models included three exposure terms (REGEN-COV receipt, Omicron vs Delta period, interaction of REGEN-COV with time period) and potential confounders (vaccination status, vaccine boosting, cancer diagnosis). Our cohort consisted of 2,083 adults in the Delta period (213 [10.2%] received REGEN-COV) and 4,201 in the Omicron period (156 [3.7%] received REGEN-COV). Hospitalization was less common during the Omicron period than during Delta (0.9% vs 1.7%, p = 0.78) and more common for patients receiving REGEN-COV than not (5.7% vs 0.9%, p<0.001). After adjustment, we found no differential association of REGEN-COV use during Omicron vs Delta with hospitalization within 30d (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for the interaction term: 2.31 [0.76-6.92], p = 0.13). Similarly, we found no differential association for hospitalization within 15d (2.45 [0.63-9.59], p = 0.20) or emergency department presentation within 30d (1.43 [0.57-3.51], p = 0.40) or within 15d (1.79 [0.65-4.82], p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this study's power to detect a difference, we identified no differential effectiveness of REGEN-COV in the context of Omicron vs Delta SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley B. Gershengorn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Samira Patel
- Care Transformation, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Tanira Ferreira
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Sankalp Das
- Care Transformation, University of Miami Hospital and Clinics, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Dipen J. Parekh
- Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Bhavarth Shukla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Zhang GF, Meng W, Chen L, Ding L, Feng J, Perez J, Ali A, Sun S, Liu Z, Huang Y, Guo H, Gao S. Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern including Delta and Omicron in subjects receiving mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines. J Med Virol 2022; 94:5678-5690. [PMID: 35902378 PMCID: PMC9353285 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have contributed to the control of COVID-19 in some parts of the world. However, the constant emergence of variants of concern (VOCs) challenges the effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines over time. In particular, Omicron contains a high number of mutations in the spike (S) protein gene, on which most vaccines were developed. In this study, we quantitated neutralizing antibodies in vaccine recipients at various times postvaccination using S protein-based pseudoviruses derived from wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and five VOCs including Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Gamma (P.1), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529). We found that two-dose mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccines elicited robust neutralizing antibodies against WT, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Delta, but wanned after 6 months with a faster decline observed for BNT162b2. Both mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 elicited weak neutralizing antibodies against Omicron. One dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine induced weaker neutralizing antibodies against WT and most VOCs than mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 did but moderate neutralizing antibodies against Delta and Omicron, which lasted for 6 months. These results support current recommendations of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for a booster 5 months after full immunization with an mRNA-based vaccine and the use of an mRNA-based vaccine 2 months after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Fei Zhang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Wen Meng
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Luping Chen
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ling Ding
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Jian Feng
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph Perez
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Abid Ali
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shenyu Sun
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSwanson School and EngineeringPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yufei Huang
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringSwanson School and EngineeringPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Haitao Guo
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Shou‐Jiang Gao
- Cancer Virology Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
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Wu Y, Long Y, Wang F, Liu W, Wang Y. Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant and strategies for tackling the infection. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e733. [PMID: 36444634 PMCID: PMC9639460 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, emerging SARS-CoV-2 Omicron, the novel highly mutated VOC, has quickly spread as the dominant variant in over 190 countries worldwide through the first part of 2022, which is influencing the infectivity, transmissibility, pathogenicity, and severity of COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, clinical cases and experimental studies have reported that Omicron variant likely leads to weakened immune protection elicited by infection, antibody therapies, and vaccines. The new wave, from late February, 2022, was escalated abruptly by higher levels of transmission of Omicron BA.2 sublineage in China. METHODS AND RESULTS Following a systematic database search, this review summarizes the salient features of Omicron sublineages, and their impact on transmissibility, disease severity as well as the efficacy of the available vaccines and treatment against the Omicron. CONCLUSION We hope this study will provide a scientific reference for alleviating the burden of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory MedicineTianjin TEDA HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Yiyin Long
- Tianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Children's HospitalChildren's Hospital of Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of UrologyThe Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Xiang T, Wang J, Zheng X. The humoral and cellular immune evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and sub-lineages. Virol Sin 2022; 37:786-795. [PMID: 36427646 PMCID: PMC9681989 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently discovered SARS-CoV-2 variant Omicron (B.1.1.529) has rapidly become a global public health issue. The substantial mutations in the spike protein in this new variant have raised concerns about its ability to escape from pre-existing immunity established by natural infection or vaccination. In this review, we give a summary of current knowledge concerning the antibody evasion properties of Omicron and its subvariants (BA.2, BA.2.12.1, BA.4/5, and BA.2.75) from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and the sera of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine recipients or convalescent patients. We also summarize whether vaccine-induced cellular immunity (memory B cell and T cell response) can recognize Omicron specifically. In brief, the Omicron variants demonstrated remarkable antibody evasion, with even more striking antibody escape seen in the Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 sub-lineages. Luckily, the third booster vaccine dose significantly increased the neutralizing antibodies titers, and the vaccine-induced cellular response remains conserved and provides second-line defense against the Omicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandan Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China; Joint International Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Nguyen Y, Flahault A, Chavarot N, Melenotte C, Cheminant M, Deschamps P, Carlier N, Lafont E, Thomas M, Flamarion E, Lebeaux D, Charlier C, Rachline A, Guérin C, Ratiney R, Touchard J, Péré H, Rozenberg F, Lanternier F, Arlet JB, Avouac J, Boussaud V, Guillemain R, Vignon M, Thervet E, Scemla A, Weiss L, Mouthon L. Pre-exposure prophylaxis with tixagevimab and cilgavimab (Evusheld) for COVID-19 among 1112 severely immunocompromised patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2022; 28:1654.e1-1654.e4. [PMID: 35926762 PMCID: PMC9340091 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immunocompromised patients have an increased risk of a severe form of COVID-19. The clinical efficacy of the tixagevimab/cilgavimab monoclonal antibody combination as pre-exposure prophylaxis against BA.1 and BA.2 SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages is unknown. We aimed to describe the incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 among immunocompromised patients receiving tixagevimab/cilgavimab as preexposure prophylaxis during the Omicron wave in France. METHODS This was an observational multicentre cohort study of immunocompromised patients receiving tixagevimab/cilgavimab as preexposure prophylaxis between December 28, 2021 and March 31, 2022. Patients received tixagevimab/cilgavimab 150/150 mg intramuscularly if they had impaired vaccine response and a high risk of severe form of COVID-19. RESULTS Tixagevimab/cilgavimab was administered to 1112 immunocompromised patients. After a median (range) follow-up of 63 (49-73) days, COVID-19 was confirmed in 49/1112 (4.4%) ≥5 days after treatment. During the study period, mean weekly incidence rate was 1669 in 100 000 inhabitants in Ile-de-France and 530 in 100 000 among patients who received tixagevimab/cilgavimab prophylaxis. Among infected patients, 43/49 (88%) had a mild-to-moderate form and 6/49 (12%) had a moderate-to-severe form of COVID-19. Patients with moderate-to-severe illnesses were less likely to have received early therapies than patients with mild forms (53.5% vs. 16.7% respectively) and 2/49 (4%) patients died from COVID-19. DISCUSSION Our study reported a low rate of infections and severe illnesses among immunocompromised patients treated with tixagevimab/cilgavimab. A global preventive strategy including vaccines, preexposure prophylaxis with monoclonal antibodies, and early therapies might be effective to prevent severe forms of COVID-19 among severely immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Nguyen
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Centre de référence maladies systémiques auto-immunes rares d'Ile-de-France, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Flahault
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France
| | - Nathalie Chavarot
- Service de Transplantation Rénale Adulte et Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, France
| | - Cléa Melenotte
- Service de Maladies Infectieuses, Hôpital Necker, France
| | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Lafont
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France
| | | | - Edouard Flamarion
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France
| | - David Lebeaux
- Equipe mobile d'Infectiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France
| | | | - Anne Rachline
- Service d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, France
| | | | - Robert Ratiney
- Service de Pharmacie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, France
| | | | - Hélène Péré
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France
| | | | | | - Jean-Benoît Arlet
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France
| | | | | | - Romain Guillemain
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP Centre, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Eric Thervet
- Service de Néphrologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France
| | - Anne Scemla
- Service de Transplantation Rénale Adulte et Néphrologie, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, France
| | - Laurence Weiss
- Service d'Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Hôtel Dieu, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, Centre de référence maladies systémiques auto-immunes rares d'Ile-de-France, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Centre, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Novel chimeric proteins mimicking SARS-CoV-2 spike epitopes with broad inhibitory activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2467-2478. [PMID: 36220405 PMCID: PMC9546781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein mediates virus attachment to the cells and fusion between viral and cell membranes. Membrane fusion is driven by mutual interaction between the highly conserved heptad-repeat regions 1 and 2 (HR1 and HR2) of the S2 subunit of the spike. For this reason, these S2 regions are interesting therapeutic targets for COVID-19. Although HR1 and HR2 have been described as transiently exposed during the fusion process, no significant antibody responses against these S2 regions have been reported. Here we designed chimeric proteins that imitate highly stable HR1 helical trimers and strongly bind to HR2. The proteins have broad inhibitory activity against WT B.1 and BA.1 viruses. Sera from COVID-19 convalescent donors showed significant levels of reactive antibodies (IgG and IgA) against the HR1 mimetic proteins, whereas these antibody responses were absent in sera from uninfected donors. Moreover, both inhibitory activity and antigenicity of the proteins correlate positively with their structural stability but not with the number of amino acid changes in their HR1 sequences, indicating a conformational and conserved nature of the involved epitopes. Our results reveal previously undetected spike epitopes that may guide the design of new robust COVID-19 vaccines and therapies.
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Wang X, Pan J, Liu Z, Wang W. Optimization of Vaccination Clinics to Improve Staffing Decisions for COVID-19: A Time-Motion Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:2045. [PMID: 36560455 PMCID: PMC9781296 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic disturbed people's daily life for more than 2 years, many COVID-19 vaccines have been carried forward systematically to curb the transmission of the virus. However, high vaccination tasks bring great challenges to personnel allocation. We observed nine vaccination clinics in Huzhou and Shanghai and built a discrete-event simulation model to simulate the optimal staffing of vaccination clinics under 10 different scenarios. Based on the result of the simulations, we optimized the allocation of vaccination staff in different stages of epidemic development by province in China. The results showed that optimizing staffing could both boost service utilization and shorten the queuing time for vaccination recipients. Taking Jilin Province as an example, to increase the booster vaccination rate within 3 months, the number of vaccination staff members needed was 2028, with a continuous small-scale breakout and 2,416 under a stable epidemic situation. When there was a shortage of vaccination staff, the total number of vaccination clinic staff members needed could be significantly reduced by combining the preview and registration steps. This study provides theoretical support for the personnel arrangement of COVID-19 vaccinations of a booster dose by province and the assessment of current vaccination staff reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jinhua Pan
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Pulsed Power Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Zhixi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Weibing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
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Egia-Mendikute L, Bosch A, Prieto-Fernández E, Vila-Vecilla L, Zanetti SR, Lee SY, Jiménez-Lasheras B, García del Río A, Antoñana-Vildosola A, de Blas A, Velasco-Beltrán P, Serrano-Maciá M, Iruzubieta P, Mehrpouyan M, Goldberg EM, Bornheimer SJ, Embade N, Martínez-Chantar ML, López-Hoyos M, Mato JM, Millet Ó, Palazón A. A flow cytometry-based neutralization assay for simultaneous evaluation of blocking antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1014309. [PMID: 36505411 PMCID: PMC9730237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1014309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have alleviated infection rates, hospitalization and deaths associated with COVID-19. In order to monitor humoral immunity, several serology tests have been developed, but the recent emergence of variants of concern has revealed the need for assays that predict the neutralizing capacity of antibodies in a fast and adaptable manner. Sensitive and fast neutralization assays would allow a timely evaluation of immunity against emerging variants and support drug and vaccine discovery efforts. Here we describe a simple, fast, and cell-free multiplexed flow cytometry assay to interrogate the ability of antibodies to prevent the interaction of Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the original Wuhan-1 SARS-CoV-2 strain and emerging variants simultaneously, as a surrogate neutralization assay. Using this method, we demonstrate that serum antibodies collected from representative individuals at different time-points during the pandemic present variable neutralizing activity against emerging variants, such as Omicron BA.1 and South African B.1.351. Importantly, antibodies present in samples collected during 2021, before the third dose of the vaccine was administered, do not confer complete neutralization against Omicron BA.1, as opposed to samples collected in 2022 which show significant neutralizing activity. The proposed approach has a comparable performance to other established surrogate methods such as cell-based assays using pseudotyped lentiviral particles expressing the spike of SARS-CoV-2, as demonstrated by the assessment of the blocking activity of therapeutic antibodies (i.e. Imdevimab) and serum samples. This method offers a scalable, cost effective and adaptable platform for the dynamic evaluation of antibody protection in affected populations against variants of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Egia-Mendikute
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Alexandre Bosch
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Endika Prieto-Fernández
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Laura Vila-Vecilla
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Samanta Romina Zanetti
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - So Young Lee
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Borja Jiménez-Lasheras
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Ana García del Río
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Asier Antoñana-Vildosola
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Ander de Blas
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Paloma Velasco-Beltrán
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Paula Iruzubieta
- Servicio Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Nieves Embade
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - María L. Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos López-Hoyos
- Servicio Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL, Cantabria, Spain
| | - José M. Mato
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Millet
- Precision Medicine and Metabolism Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Asís Palazón
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bizkaia, Spain,*Correspondence: Asís Palazón,
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47
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Harada D, Tamura T, Ninomiya K, Kubo T, Kuyama S, Tachibana S, Inoue K, Chikamori K, Kudo K, Ochi N, Maeda Y, Kiura K. Safety of anti-SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccine in lung cancer patients undergoing anticancer chemotherapy: A multicenter, prospective, observational, patient-reported outcome study. Thorac Cancer 2022; 14:231-236. [PMID: 36404396 PMCID: PMC9870727 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 incidence is high in patients with cancer. The fatality rate was high for the Delta variant, necessitating infection prevention by vaccination. This study evaluated the safety of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in patients with advanced lung cancer receiving anticancer therapy. METHODS We prospectively enrolled patients receiving anticancer drugs for advanced lung cancer and planning SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Early side effects within 7 days of vaccination were evaluated using patient-reported outcome (PRO) surveys. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used. RESULTS Post-vaccination PROs were collected from 406 patients (252 were males). The mean age was 72 years. Treatment at the time of initial vaccination included chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), a combination of chemotherapy and ICI, targeted therapy including tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and others in 115, 93, 45, 147, and six cases, respectively. The vaccines administered were BNT162b2 and mRNA273 in 361 and three cases, respectively and unknown in 42 cases. A total of 16.1% of patients developed fever (38°C) after the second mRNA vaccination (95% confidence interval: 12.6%-20.1%). This rate is comparable to data previously reported in 120 patients and slightly higher than that of healthy participants of the BNT162b2 study. Patients receiving treatment with cytotoxic anticancer agents were more likely to have high fever. Multivariate analysis showed no correlation between fever frequency and patient background. No serious initial adverse events due to vaccination were observed. CONCLUSIONS Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination is safe; however, post-vaccination fever is more common in patients undergoing lung cancer treatment than in healthy individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijiro Harada
- Department of Thoracic OncologyNHO Shikoku Cancer CenterMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Tomoki Tamura
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNHO Iwakuni Clinical CenterIwakuniJapan
| | - Kiichiro Ninomiya
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Toshio Kubo
- Center for Clinical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Shoichi Kuyama
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNHO Iwakuni Clinical CenterIwakuniJapan
| | - Sayaka Tachibana
- Department of Respiratory MedicineEhime Prefectural Central HospitalMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Koji Inoue
- Department of Respiratory MedicineEhime Prefectural Central HospitalMatsuyamaJapan
| | - Kenichi Chikamori
- Department of Medical OncologyNational Hospital Organization Yamaguchi‐Ube Medical CenterUbeJapan
| | - Kenichiro Kudo
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Hospital Organization Okayama Medical CenterOkayamaJapan
| | - Nobuaki Ochi
- General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical SchoolOkayamaJapan
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Katsuyuki Kiura
- Department of Allergy and Respiratory MedicineOkayama University HospitalOkayamaJapan
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48
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Hay JA, Kissler SM, Fauver JR, Mack C, Tai CG, Samant RM, Connolly S, Anderson DJ, Khullar G, MacKay M, Patel M, Kelly S, Manhertz A, Eiter I, Salgado D, Baker T, Howard B, Dudley JT, Mason CE, Nair M, Huang Y, DiFiori J, Ho DD, Grubaugh ND, Grad YH. Quantifying the impact of immune history and variant on SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and infection rebound: A retrospective cohort study. eLife 2022; 11:e81849. [PMID: 36383192 PMCID: PMC9711520 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The combined impact of immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variants on viral kinetics during infections has been unclear. Methods We characterized 1,280 infections from the National Basketball Association occupational health cohort identified between June 2020 and January 2022 using serial RT-qPCR testing. Logistic regression and semi-mechanistic viral RNA kinetics models were used to quantify the effect of age, variant, symptom status, infection history, vaccination status and antibody titer to the founder SARS-CoV-2 strain on the duration of potential infectiousness and overall viral kinetics. The frequency of viral rebounds was quantified under multiple cycle threshold (Ct) value-based definitions. Results Among individuals detected partway through their infection, 51.0% (95% credible interval [CrI]: 48.3-53.6%) remained potentially infectious (Ct <30) 5 days post detection, with small differences across variants and vaccination status. Only seven viral rebounds (0.7%; N=999) were observed, with rebound defined as 3+days with Ct <30 following an initial clearance of 3+days with Ct ≥30. High antibody titers against the founder SARS-CoV-2 strain predicted lower peak viral loads and shorter durations of infection. Among Omicron BA.1 infections, boosted individuals had lower pre-booster antibody titers and longer clearance times than non-boosted individuals. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics are partly determined by immunity and variant but dominated by individual-level variation. Since booster vaccination protects against infection, longer clearance times for BA.1-infected, boosted individuals may reflect a less effective immune response, more common in older individuals, that increases infection risk and reduces viral RNA clearance rate. The shifting landscape of viral kinetics underscores the need for continued monitoring to optimize isolation policies and to contextualize the health impacts of therapeutics and vaccines. Funding Supported in part by CDC contract #200-2016-91779, a sponsored research agreement to Yale University from the National Basketball Association contract #21-003529, and the National Basketball Players Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Hay
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
| | | | - Joseph R Fauver
- Yale School of Public HealthNew HavenUnited States
- University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | - Deverick J Anderson
- Duke Center for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Infection PreventionDurhamUnited States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manoj Nair
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Yaoxing Huang
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - John DiFiori
- Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkUnited States
- National Basketball AssociationNew YorkUnited States
| | - David D Ho
- Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | | | - Yonatan H Grad
- Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonUnited States
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49
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Hsu FF, Liang KH, Kumari M, Chen WY, Lin HT, Cheng CM, Tao MH, Wu HC. An efficient approach for SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibody production via modified mRNA-LNP immunization. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122256. [PMID: 36198358 PMCID: PMC9526872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, many prophylactic and therapeutic drugs have been evaluated and introduced. Among these treatments, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus have been applied as complementary and alternative treatments to vaccines. Although different methodologies have been utilized to produce mAbs, traditional hybridoma fusion technology is still commonly used for this purpose due to its unmatched performance record. In this study, we coupled the hybridoma fusion strategy with mRNA-lipid nanoparticle (LNP) immunization. This time-saving approach can circumvent biological and technical hurdles, such as difficult-to-express membrane proteins, antigen instability, and the lack of posttranslational modifications on recombinant antigens. We used mRNA-LNP immunization and hybridoma fusion technology to generate mAbs against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Compared with traditional protein-based immunization approaches, inoculation of mice with RBD mRNA-LNP induced higher titers of serum antibodies and markedly increased serum neutralizing activity. The mAbs we obtained can bind to SARS-CoV-2 RBDs from several variants. Notably, RBD-mAb-3 displayed particularly high binding affinities and neutralizing potencies against both Alpha and Delta variants. In addition to introducing specific mAbs against SARS-CoV-2, our data generally demonstrate that mRNA-LNP immunization may be useful to quickly generate highly functional mAbs against emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Fei Hsu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Hao Liang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Monika Kumari
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Lin
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Min Cheng
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chung Wu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center (BioTReC), Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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50
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Li Y, Guo T, Zhong J, Fang C, Xiong H, Hu Z, Zhu Y, Tan J, Liu S, Jing Q, Zhang D. Effect of Vaccination Time Intervals on SARS-COV-2 Omicron Variant Strain Infection in Guangzhou: A Real-World Matched Case–Control Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111855. [PMID: 36366363 PMCID: PMC9693306 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In April 2022, a COVID-19 outbreak caused by the Omicron variant emerged in Guangzhou. A case–control study was conducted to explore the relationship between vaccination intervals and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the real world. According to the vaccination dose and age information of the cases, a 1:4 matched case–control sample was established, finally including n = 242 for the case group and n = 968 for the control group. The results indicated that among the participants who received three vaccine doses, those with an interval of more than 300 days between the receipt of the first vaccine dose and infection (or the first contact with a confirmed case) were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 than those with an interval of less than 300 days (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.46–0.99). After age-stratified analysis, among participants aged 18–40 years who received two doses of vaccine, those who received the second dose more than 30 days after the first dose were less likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 (OR = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.30–0.96). Our findings suggest that we need to extend the interval between the first dose and the second dose and further explore the optimal interval between the first and second and between the second and third doses in order to improve vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Tong Guo
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Jiayi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuanjun Fang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Husheng Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zengyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yajuan Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jinlin Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qinlong Jing
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (D.Z.)
| | - Dingmei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (D.Z.)
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