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Wada E, Ito C, Shinohara M, Handa S, Maetani M, Yasugi M, Miyake M, Sakamoto T, Yazawa A, Kamitani S. Prunin Laurate Derived from Natural Substances Shows Antibacterial Activity against the Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Foods 2024; 13:1917. [PMID: 38928857 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by infection with periodontopathogenic bacteria. Oral care is essential to prevent and control periodontal disease, which affects oral and systemic health. However, many oral hygiene products currently on the market were developed as disinfectants, and their intense irritation makes their use difficult for young children and older people. This study investigated the antibacterial effects of prunin laurate (Pru-C12) and its analogs on periodontopathogenic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Pru-C12 and its analogs inhibited in vitro bacterial growth at more than 10 μM and biofilm formation at 50 µM. Among its analogs, only Pru-C12 showed no cytotoxicity at 100 µM. Three of the most potent inhibitors also inhibited the formation of biofilms. Furthermore, Pru-C12 inhibited alveolar bone resorption in a mouse experimental periodontitis model by P. gingivalis infection. These findings may be helpful in the development of oral hygiene products for the prevention and control of periodontal disease and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Wada
- Nutrition Support Course, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chiharu Ito
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mai Shinohara
- Nutrition Support Course, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Handa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miki Maetani
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayo Yasugi
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano 598-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Miyake
- Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano 598-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yazawa
- Nutrition Support Course, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life & Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kamitani
- Nutrition Support Course, Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life & Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino 583-8555, Osaka, Japan
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Alharbi MS, Alshehri FA, Alobaidi AS, Alrowis R, Alshibani N, Niazy AA. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid reduces the growth and biofilm formation of the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:141-146. [PMID: 36942200 PMCID: PMC10024125 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is viewed as a keystone microorganism in the pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is believed to exert antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study is to assess the in-vitro growth and biofilm formation of P. gingivalis under HA and compare the effect of HA to that of azithromycin (AZM) and chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and methods In each material, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), 50% MIC, 25% MIC, and 12.5% MIC were tested. The growth of P. gingivalis was evaluated by absorbance spectrophotometry after 48 h. A biofilm inhibition assay was performed on a 72-hour culture by washing planktonic bacterial cells, fixing and staining adherent cells, and measuring the variation in stain concentrations relative to the untreated control using absorbance spectrophotometry. Results The results show that the overall growth of P. gingivalis after 48 h was 0.048 ± 0.030, 0.008 ± 0.013, and 0.073 ± 0.071 under HA, AZM, and CHX, respectively, while the untreated control reached 0.236 ± 0.039. HA was also able to significantly reduce the biofilm formation of P. gingivalis by 64.30 % ± 22.39, while AZM and CHX reduced biofilm formation by 91.16 %±12.58 and 88.35 %±17.11, respectively. Conclusions High molecular-weight HA significantly inhibited the growth of P. gingivalis. The overall effect of HA on the growth of P. gingivalis was similar to that of CHX but less than that of AZM. HA was also able to significantly reduce the biofilm formation of P. gingivalis. However, the ability of HA to prevent the biofilm formation of P. gingivalis was generally less than that of both AZM and CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meshal S. Alharbi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Qassim Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, 52367 Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Alshehri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Ahmed S. Alobaidi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 4255, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed Alrowis
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alshibani
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman A. Niazy
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Soybean peptide inhibits the biofilm of periodontopathic bacteria via bactericidal activity. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 142:105497. [PMID: 35849907 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the antibacterial mechanism and antibiofilm effect of soybean-derived peptide BCBS-11 against periodontopathic bacteria. DESIGN The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of BCBS-11 against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) were determined for the antibacterial mechanism. The effect of BCBS-11 on membrane permeability and depolarization activity were investigated using propidium iodide (PI) staining and 3, 3'-dipropylthiadicarbocyanine iodide (DiSC3-(5)) analysis. Monospecies and multispecies biofilms were cultured on 96-well plates. The amount of biofilm was determined using crystal violet staining to determine the inhibition of biofilm formation and the eradication of established biofilm using BCBS-11. The cytotoxicity of BCBS-11 was evaluated using 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS The MIC and MBC indicated the bactericidal activity of BCBS-11 against P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. The PI staining revealed that BCBS-11 disrupted the bacterial membrane integrity. The DiSC3-(5) analysis indicated that BCBS-11 depolarized the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane. These results indicate the antimicrobial action of BCBS-11 through membrane disruption and the collapse of membrane electrochemical gradient. BCBS-11 significantly inhibited the monospecies biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum and also inhibited dual-species biofilm. BCBS-11 was not cytotoxic toward human oral epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS BCBS-11 inhibits the monospecies and multispecies biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and their bactericidal activity results from membrane disruption.
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Gong M, Zhang R, Qi J, Wang J, Liu Q, Zhou H, Song Y, Song X, Mei Y. In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial effect of colloidal bismuth subcitrate on Porphyromonas gingivalis and its biofilm. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105300. [PMID: 34742000 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) on Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in its planktonic and biofilm forms and also compare it with that of 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX). DESIGN The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of CBS were determined by the microdilution method; the bacteriostatic rate of CBS was determined by the MTT assay; the effect of CBS on the membrane integrity of P. gingivalis was investigated by the flow cytometric methods. The effects of CBS on the biomass and bacterial activity of biofilm were investigated. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the activity and structure of biofilms. RESULTS The MIC and MBC values were 18.75 µg/mL and 37.5 µg/mL. CBS could damage the cell membrane of P. gingivalis. CBS effectively inhibited biofilm formation and promoted dissociation at higher concentrations of 37.5 µg/mL and 75 µg/mL, respectively. The results also indicated an altered biofilm structure and reduced biofilm thickness and bacterial aggregation. CONCLUSIONS CBS affected the metabolic and physiological processes of P. gingivalis, inhibited the formation of biofilm, and disrupted the mature biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyan Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yumeng Song
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Nagasaki A, Sakamoto S, Arai T, Kato M, Ishida E, Furusho H, Fujii M, Takata T, Miyauchi M. Elimination of Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibits liver fibrosis and inflammation in NASH. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:1367-1378. [PMID: 34250613 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a critical liver disease showing potential progression to liver cirrhosis/cancer. Previously, we had reported that odontogenic infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a major periodontal pathogen, exacerbates fibrosis in NASH through the production of fibrosis mediators such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and galectin-3. In this study, we determined the effects of therapeutic interventions using antibiotics on NASH progression induced by P. gingivalis odontogenic infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS To eliminate P. gingivalis infection, the macrolide antibiotic [azithromycin (AZM)] was applied locally and/or systemically to a high-fat-diet-induced NASH mouse model with P. gingivalis odontogenic infection. After treatment with AZM, liver and periodontal tissues were analysed with focus on inflammation markers such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)/Tnf-α and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)/Il-1β, and fibrosis markers such as galectin-3, phosphorylated Smad2 (pSmad2; key signalling molecule of TGF-β1), and the number of hepatic crown-like structures (hCLSs). Further, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS), a common histological scoring system, and fibrosis area were evaluated. RESULTS P. gingivalis odontogenic infection significantly increased the expression of Tnf-α, Il-1β, galectin-3, and pSmad2, the number of hCLSs, and NAS score, whereas the elimination of P. gingivalis odontogenic infection, especially local with or without systemic application, significantly inhibited them. CONCLUSION This study suggests that elimination of P. gingivalis odontogenic infection inhibited NASH progression induced by the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiro Nagasaki
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shinnichi Sakamoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshiki Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Minami Kato
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eri Ishida
- Department of Advanced Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hisako Furusho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Makiko Fujii
- Department of Global Dental Medicine & Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Takata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.,Tokuyama University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Miyauchi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathobiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Kuriki N, Asahi Y, Sotozono M, Machi H, Noiri Y, Hayashi M, Ebisu S. Next-Generation Sequencing for Determining the Effect of Arginine on Human Dental Biofilms Using an In Situ Model. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9010018. [PMID: 33445627 PMCID: PMC7838886 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are associated with caries, periodontal diseases, and systemic diseases. Generally, antimicrobial therapy is used as the first line of treatment for infectious diseases; however, bacteria in biofilms eventually develop antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to apply our in situ biofilm model to verify whether an arginine preparation is useful for plaque control. Ten healthy subjects who did not show signs of caries, gingivitis, or periodontitis were recruited. The dental biofilms from the subjects were obtained using our oral device before and after gargling with arginine solution for 4 weeks. We found that 8% arginine solution significantly increased the concentration of ammonium ions (NH4
+) in vitro and in vivo in saliva (p < 0.05) and decreased the proportions of the genera Atopobium and Catonella in vivo. However, the viable count was unaffected by the mouthwash. Further, oral populations of the genera Streptococcus and Neisseria tended to increase with the use of arginine. Therefore, we concluded that using an 8% arginine solution decreased the NH4
+ concentration in the oral cavity without affecting the number of viable bacteria, and that the diversity of oral bacterial flora changed. We suggest that arginine might help prevent mature biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanako Kuriki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-(66)-8792927
| | - Yoko Asahi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Maki Sotozono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Hiroyuki Machi
- Osaka University Dental Technology Institute, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan;
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (Y.A.); (M.S.); (M.H.); (S.E.)
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Sotozono M, Kuriki N, Asahi Y, Noiri Y, Hayashi M, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Machi H, Iida T, Ebisu S. Impacts of sleep on the characteristics of dental biofilm. Sci Rep 2021; 11:138. [PMID: 33420225 PMCID: PMC7794455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental biofilm present on the tooth surface is associated with oral diseases, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Because bacterial numbers rapidly increase in saliva during sleep, oral care before sleeping is recommended for the prevention of chronic oral diseases. However, temporal circadian changes in the quantity and quality of dental biofilms are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of sleeping on dental biofilm amounts and compositions by using an in situ model. The use of this in situ model enabled us to investigate dental biofilm formed in the oral cavity and to perform a quantitative analysis. Subjects began wearing oral splints in the morning or before sleeping, and biofilm samples were collected at 8, 16, and 24 h after the subjects began wearing oral splints; these samples were then used in various experiments. No significant changes in the numbers of biofilm-forming bacteria were caused by sleep. However, the relative abundances of genera related to periodontitis (i.e., Fusobacterium and Prevotella) increased after awakening. In conclusion, the numbers of biofilm-forming bacteria were not affected by sleep, and the abundances of obligate anaerobes increased after sleep. This research may aid in defining efficacious preventive oral care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Sotozono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nanako Kuriki
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoko Asahi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Machi
- Osaka University Dental Technology Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Anggani HS, Perdana RG, Siregar E, Bachtiar EW. The effect of coating chitosan on Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation in the surface of orthodontic mini-implant. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:84-88. [PMID: 33532361 PMCID: PMC7832189 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_95_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection is the main problem for the failure of orthodontic mini-implant. Modern prevention of infection is now focused on local antibacterial coatings on implant devices. Chitosan is biocompatible and has antibacterial properties. Azithromycin is a synthetic antibiotic with immunomodulatory properties in which it has an advantage over the rest of antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect coating chitosan on the orthodontic mini-implant in Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation. This is an experimental study using 25 orthodontic mini-implants. Five samples were coated with chitosan, 5 samples were coated with chitosan-azithromycin, 5 samples were coated with azithromycin, 5 samples were uncoated, and 5 samples were uncoated and were not exposed to P. gingivalis. P. gingivalis biofilms on the surface of the orthodontic mini-implant were observed after 24 h of incubation. P. gingivalis biofilm mass inhibition was highest in the azithromycin-treated group, followed by chitosan + azithromycin and chitosan only. The one-way ANOVA statistic test and post hoc Bonferroni statistic test of P. gingivalis biofilm mass show a significant difference between and within groups of experiments (P < 0.05). The Pearson correlation test with a value of R = +0.88, indicated that the bacterial viability count and the biofilm mass have a strong positive correlation. In conclusion, orthodontic mini-implant coated with chitosan, chitosan with azithromycin, or azithromycin only effectively suppressed P. gingivalis biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haru Setyo Anggani
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Renaldo Guruh Perdana
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Erwin Siregar
- Department of Orthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Endang Winiati Bachtiar
- Department of Oral Biology, Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Matsugishi A, Aoki-Nonaka Y, Yokoji-Takeuchi M, Yamada-Hara M, Mikami Y, Hayatsu M, Terao Y, Domon H, Taniguchi M, Takahashi N, Yamazaki K, Tabeta K. Rice peptide with amino acid substitution inhibits biofilm formation by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 121:104956. [PMID: 33157493 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rice peptide has antibacterial properties that have been tested in planktonic bacterial culture. However, bacteria form biofilm at disease sites and are resistant to antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to clarify the mechanisms of action of rice peptide and its amino acid substitution against periodontopathic bacteria and their antibiofilm effects. DESIGN Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were treated with AmyI-1-18 rice peptide or its arginine-substituted analog, G12R, under anaerobic conditions. The amount of biofilm was evaluated by crystal violet staining. The integrity of the bacteria cytoplasmic membrane was studied in a propidium iodide (PI) stain assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS Both AmyI-1-18 and G12R inhibited biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum; in particular, G12R inhibited F. nucleatum at lower concentrations. However, neither peptide eradicated established biofilms significantly. According to the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration against P. gingivalis, AmyI-1-18 has bacteriostatic properties and G12R has bactericidal activity, and both peptides showed bactericidal activity against F. nucleatum. PI staining and TEM analysis indicated that membrane disruption by G12R was enhanced, which suggests that the replacement amino acid reinforced the electostatic interaction between the peptide and bacteria by increase of cationic charge and α-helix content. CONCLUSIONS Rice peptide inhibited biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, and bactericidal activity via membrane destruction was enhanced by amino acid substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Matsugishi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan; Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yukari Aoki-Nonaka
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Mai Yokoji-Takeuchi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Miki Yamada-Hara
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Mikami
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi-dori 1, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-9510, Japan
| | - Manabu Hayatsu
- Division of Microscopic Anatomy, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 757 Asahimachi-dori 1, Chuo-ku, Niigata City, 951-9510, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hisanori Domon
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masayuki Taniguchi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral-Systemic Connection, Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-5274 Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
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Azithromycin Partially Mitigates Dysregulated Repair of Lung Allograft Small Airway Epithelium. Transplantation 2020; 104:1166-1176. [PMID: 31985728 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated airway epithelial repair following injury is a proposed mechanism driving posttransplant bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), and its clinical correlate bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). This study compared gene and cellular characteristics of injury and repair in large (LAEC) and small (SAEC) airway epithelial cells of transplant patients. METHODS Subjects were recruited at the time of routine bronchoscopy posttransplantation and included patients with and without BOS. Airway epithelial cells were obtained from bronchial and bronchiolar brushing performed under radiological guidance from these patients. In addition, bronchial brushings were also obtained from healthy control subjects comprising of adolescents admitted for elective surgery for nonrespiratory-related conditions. Primary cultures were established, monolayers wounded, and repair assessed (±) azithromycin (1 µg/mL). In addition, proliferative capacity as well as markers of injury and dysregulated repair were also assessed. RESULTS SAEC had a significantly dysregulated repair process postinjury, despite having a higher proliferative capacity than large airway epithelial cells. Addition of azithromycin significantly induced repair in these cells; however, full restitution was not achieved. Expression of several genes associated with epithelial barrier repair (matrix metalloproteinase 7, matrix metalloproteinase 3, the integrins β6 and β8, and β-catenin) were significantly different in epithelial cells obtained from patients with BOS compared to transplant patients without BOS and controls, suggesting an intrinsic defect. CONCLUSIONS Chronic airway injury and dysregulated repair programs are evident in airway epithelium obtained from patients with BOS, particularly with SAEC. We also show that azithromycin partially mitigates this pathology.
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11
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Matsui S, Yoneda N, Maezono H, Kuremoto K, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Yumoto H, Ebisu S, Noiri Y, Hayashi M. Assessment of the functional efficacy of root canal treatment with high-frequency waves in rats. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239660. [PMID: 32991601 PMCID: PMC7523981 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a high-frequency wave therapy model in rats and to investigate the influence of high-frequency waves on root canal treatment, which may provide a novel strategy for treating apical periodontitis. Root canal treatments with and without high-frequency wave irradiation were performed on the mandibular first molars of 10-week-old male Wistar rats. The mesial roots were evaluated radiologically, bacteriologically, and immunohistochemically. At 3 weeks after root canal treatment, lesion volume had decreased significantly more in the irradiated group than in the non-irradiated group, indicating successful development of the high-frequency therapy model. The use of high-frequency waves provided no additional bactericidal effect after root canal treatment. However, high-frequency wave irradiation was found to promote healing of periapical lesions on the host side through increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 2 and transforming growth factor-β1 and could therefore be useful as an adjuvant nonsurgical treatment for apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Matsui
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- Unit of Dentistry, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naomichi Yoneda
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Katsutaka Kuremoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Ibrahim YM, Abouwarda AM, Omar FA. Effect of kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin at subinhibitory concentrations on quorum sensing regulated traits of Chromobacterium violaceum. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2020; 113:1601-1615. [PMID: 32889593 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-020-01467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a mechanism of intercellular communication in bacteria that received substantial attention as alternate strategy for combating bacterial resistance and the development of new anti-infective agents. The present investigation reports on the assessment of using subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics for the inhibition of QS-regulated phenotypes in Chromobacterium violaceum. Primarily, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of a series of antibiotics were determined by a microdilution method. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects of selected antibiotics on QS-regulated traits, namely violacein and chitinase production, biofilm formation and motility were evaluated using C. violaceum CV026 and C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Results revealed that kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin exhibited the highest quorum sensing inhibitory (QSI) activity. The amount of violacein produced by C. violaceum was significantly reduced in the presence of either kitasamycin or nitrofurantoin. Moreover, the chitinolytic activity, biofilm formation, and motility were also impaired in kitasamycin or nitrofurantoin-treated cultures. We further confirmed QSI effects at the molecular level using molecular docking and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results of molecular docking suggested that both antibiotics can interact with CviR transcriptional regulator of C. violaceum. Furthermore, RT-qPCR revealed the suppressive effect of kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin on five genes under the control of the CviI/CviR system: cviI, cviR, vioB, vioC, and vioD. Giving that kitasamycin and nitrofurantoin are being safely used for decades, this study emphasizes their potential application as antivirulence agents to disarm resistant bacterial strains, making their removal an easier task for the immune system or for another antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Musa Ibrahim
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, 12611, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Megahed Abouwarda
- Department of Microbiology, General Division of Basic Medical Sciences, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, 12611, Egypt
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Ulloa ER, Kousha A, Tsunemoto H, Pogliano J, Licitra C, LiPuma JJ, Sakoulas G, Nizet V, Kumaraswamy M. Azithromycin Exerts Bactericidal Activity and Enhances Innate Immune Mediated Killing of MDR Achromobacter xylosoxidans. INFECTIOUS MICROBES & DISEASES 2020; 2:10-17. [PMID: 38500653 PMCID: PMC10947418 DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Azithromycin (AZM), the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in the United States, is thought to have no activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans (AX) per standard minimum inhibitory concentration testing in cation-adjusted Mueller Hinton Broth. Here we provide the first report of AZM bactericidal activity against carbapenem-resistant isolates of AX, with a multifold decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration across 12 clinical isolates when examined under physiologic testing conditions that better recapitulate the in vivo human environment. This pharmaceutical activity, evident in eukaryotic tissue culture media, is associated with enhanced AZM intracellular penetration and synergistic killing with human whole blood, serum, and neutrophils. Additionally, AZM monotherapy inhibited preformed AX biofilm growth in a dose-dependent manner together with a reduction in viable bacteria. In an illustrative case, AZM in combination with piperacillin-tazobactam exerted clear therapeutic effects in a patient with carbapenem-resistant AX mediastinitis, sternal osteomyelitis, and aortic graft infection. Our study reinforces how current antimicrobial testing practices fail to recapitulate the host environment or host-pathogen interactions and may misleadingly declare complete resistance to useful agents, adversely affecting patient outcomes. We conclude that AZM merits further exploration in the treatment of drug-resistant AX infections. Novel approaches to antimicrobial susceptibility testing that better recapitulate the host environment should be considered, especially as infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are expanding globally with high morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erlinda R. Ulloa
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Armin Kousha
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hannah Tsunemoto
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joe Pogliano
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Carmelo Licitra
- Infectious Diseases, Orlando Health Medical Group, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
| | - John J. LiPuma
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - George Sakoulas
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Victor Nizet
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Monika Kumaraswamy
- Collaborative to Halt Antibiotic-Resistant Microbes (CHARM), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Infectious Diseases Section, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Effect of Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx Fruit on Biofilm Formed by Porphyromonas gingivalis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:3547858. [PMID: 31886204 PMCID: PMC6925781 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3547858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is an important pathogenic anaerobic bacterium that causes aspiration pneumonia. This bacterium frequently forms biofilms in the oral cavity and in respiratory tract-associated medical devices. Bacterial colonization that occurs in association with this biofilm formation is the main reason for incurable aspiration pneumonia. The Lonicera caerulea var. emphyllocalyx (LCE) fruit has been used in folk medicine in Hokkaido, the northern part of Japan. The aim of this study was to elucidate one of the antimicrobial mechanisms of LCE methanol extract (LCEE)—the inhibitory effect of LCEE on biofilm formation by P. gingivalis. Our results show that LCEE significantly reduced biofilm formation by three different P. gingivalis isolates in a concentration- and time-dependent manner that were quantified by the adsorption of safranin red. When LCEE was added to biofilms already formed by P. gingivalis, LCEE did not degrade the biofilm. However, treatment with LCEE significantly promoted the removal of existing biofilm by vibration compared to that of control. We also confirmed biofilm formation in LCEE-treated P. gingivalis in tracheal tubes using scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G), one of the components of LCE, also inhibited the formation of biofilm by P. gingivalis in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results reveal that LCEE may be an effective antibacterial substance for P. gingivalis-induced aspiration pneumonia because of its role in the suppression of bacterial biofilm formation in the oral cavity.
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Sulijaya B, Yamada‐Hara M, Yokoji‐Takeuchi M, Matsuda‐Matsukawa Y, Yamazaki K, Matsugishi A, Tsuzuno T, Sato K, Aoki‐Nonaka Y, Takahashi N, Kishino S, Ogawa J, Tabeta K, Yamazaki K. Antimicrobial function of the polyunsaturated fatty acid KetoC in an experimental model of periodontitis. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1470-1480. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benso Sulijaya
- Research Unit for Oral‐Systemic ConnectionDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Department of PeriodontologyFaculty of DentistryUniversitas Indonesia Jakarta Indonesia
| | - Miki Yamada‐Hara
- Research Unit for Oral‐Systemic ConnectionDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Oral ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Mai Yokoji‐Takeuchi
- Research Unit for Oral‐Systemic ConnectionDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuda‐Matsukawa
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Kyoko Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral‐Systemic ConnectionDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Aoi Matsugishi
- Research Unit for Oral‐Systemic ConnectionDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuzuno
- Research Unit for Oral‐Systemic ConnectionDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Yukari Aoki‐Nonaka
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Oral ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kishino
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life SciencesGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto University Kyoto Japan
| | - Koichi Tabeta
- Division of PeriodontologyDepartment of Oral Biological ScienceNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Yamazaki
- Research Unit for Oral‐Systemic ConnectionDivision of Oral Science for Health PromotionNiigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
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16
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Osorio C, Kanukuntla T, Diaz E, Jafri N, Cummings M, Sfera A. The Post-amyloid Era in Alzheimer's Disease: Trust Your Gut Feeling. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:143. [PMID: 31297054 PMCID: PMC6608545 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis, the assumption that beta-amyloid toxicity is the primary cause of neuronal and synaptic loss, has been the mainstream research concept in Alzheimer's disease for the past two decades. Currently, this model is quietly being replaced by a more holistic, “systemic disease” paradigm which, like the aging process, affects multiple body tissues and organs, including the gut microbiota. It is well-established that inflammation is a hallmark of cellular senescence; however, the infection-senescence link has been less explored. Microbiota-induced senescence is a gradually emerging concept promoted by the discovery of pathogens and their products in Alzheimer's disease brains associated with senescent neurons, glia, and endothelial cells. Infectious agents have previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but the cause vs. effect issue could not be resolved. A recent study may have settled this debate as it shows that gingipain, a Porphyromonas gingivalis toxin, can be detected not only in Alzheimer's disease but also in the brains of older individuals deceased prior to developing the illness. In this review, we take the position that gut and other microbes from the body periphery reach the brain by triggering intestinal and blood-brain barrier senescence and disruption. We also surmise that novel Alzheimer's disease findings, including neuronal somatic mosaicism, iron dyshomeostasis, aggressive glial phenotypes, and loss of aerobic glycolysis, can be explained by the infection-senescence model. In addition, we discuss potential cellular senescence targets and therapeutic strategies, including iron chelators, inflammasome inhibitors, senolytic antibiotics, mitophagy inducers, and epigenetic metabolic reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Osorio
- Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tulasi Kanukuntla
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Eddie Diaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Michael Cummings
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
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17
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Kan P, Sasaki H, Inaba K, Watanabe K, Hamada N, Minabe M. Inhibitory effects of azithromycin on the adherence ability of Porphyromonas gingivalis. J Periodontol 2019; 90:903-910. [PMID: 30690740 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen and has a high detection rate in periodontal disease. Fimbriae and hemagglutinin are expressed by P. gingivalis, and these play an important role in the adherence of the bacteria to periodontal tissue and biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of azithromycin on the adherence of P. gingivalis, focusing on the inhibition of fimbriae expression and hemagglutinin activity. METHODS P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 were incubated anaerobically with sub-MICs of azithromycin at 37°C by gentle shaking for 18 hours. The bacterial cells were harvested, washed twice with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the proteins analyzed by 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blotting. Adherence assay and hemagglutinin activity tests were done with the same culture. RESULTS The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that the sub-MICs of azithromycin inhibited 41-kDa fimbrial protein expression and hemagglutinin activities. The disappearance of 41-kDa fimbrial protein expression and long fimbriae in 0.4 µg/mL, 0.2 µg/mL, and 0.1 µg/mL of azithromycin was confirmed by western blotting and transmission electron microscopy. The adherence of P. gingivalis to human gingival epithelial cells was reduced by sub-MICs of azithromycin compared with the adherence levels without antibiotic. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that sub-MICs of azithromycin may reduce the adherence of P. gingivalis to host cells, by inhibiting production of fimbriae and hemagglutinin activities. Therefore, azithromycin can be used as a biofilm treatment of periodontal disease caused by P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Powen Kan
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Haruka Sasaki
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Keitaro Inaba
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Kiyoko Watanabe
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Nobushiro Hamada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Oral Science, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Masato Minabe
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Interdisciplinary Medicine, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Japan
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18
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Zhurina MV, Gannesen AV, Mart’yanov SV, Teteneva NA, Shtratnikova VY, Plakunov VK. Niclosamide as a promising antibiofilm agent. Microbiology (Reading) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261717040154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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Ong HS, Oettinger-Barak O, Dashper SG, Darby IB, Tan KH, Reynolds EC. Effect of azithromycin on a red complex polymicrobial biofilm. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1339579. [PMID: 28748041 PMCID: PMC5508370 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1339579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Azithromycin has recently gained popularity for the treatment of periodontal disease, despite sparse literature supporting efficiency in treating periodontal bacterial biofilms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of azithromycin on biofilms comprised of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia in comparison to an amoxicillin and metronidazole combination. P. gingivalis W50, T. denticola ATCC35405, and T. forsythia ATCC43037 grown under anaerobic conditions at 37°C were aliquoted into 96-well flat-bottom plates in different combinations with addition of azithromycin or amoxicillin + metronidazole at various concentrations. For the biofilm assay, the plates were incubated at 37°C anaerobically for 48 h, after which the biofilms were stained with crystal violet and measured for absorbance at AU620. In this model, polymicrobial biofilms of P. gingivalis + T. denticola, P. gingivalis + T. forsythia, and T. denticola + T. forsythia were cultured. Combination of all three bacteria enhanced biofilm biomass. Azithromycin demonstrated a minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of 10.6 mg/L, while the amoxicillin + metronidazole combination was more effective in inhibiting biofilm formation with a MBIC of 1.63 mg/L. Polymicrobial biofilm formation was demonstrated by combination of all three red complex bacteria. Azithromycin was ineffective in preventing biofilm formation within a clinically achievable concentration, whereas the combination of amoxicillin and metronidazole was more effective for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei Sze Ong
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Orit Oettinger-Barak
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Stuart G Dashper
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Ivan B Darby
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Kheng H Tan
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Eric C Reynolds
- Melbourne Dental School, Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
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20
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Yoneda N, Noiri Y, Matsui S, Kuremoto K, Maezono H, Ishimoto T, Nakano T, Ebisu S, Hayashi M. Development of a root canal treatment model in the rat. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3315. [PMID: 28607360 PMCID: PMC5468248 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Root canal treatment is performed to treat apical periodontitis, and various procedures and techniques are currently used. Although animal models have been used in the developmental research of root canal treatment, little of this research has used small animals such as rats, because of their small size. In this study, root canal treatment was performed on the rat mandibular first molar, which had four root canals, using a microscope, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated bacteriologically, radiologically and histopathologically. By performing root canal treatment, the level of bacteria in the mesial root of the treated teeth was reduced by 75% compared with the control. Additionally, the volume of the periapical lesions of the treated teeth as measured by micro-computed tomography decreased significantly 2 weeks after the root canal treatment when compared with the control. Histological evidence of healing was observed in the treatment group 8 weeks after root canal treatment. These results suggest that a root canal treatment model using rats can be used in developmental research for novel methods of root canal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomichi Yoneda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 2-5274, Gakkocho-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Saori Matsui
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Kuremoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Ishimoto
- Department of Biomaterials and Structural Materials Design, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Nakano
- Department of Biomaterials and Structural Materials Design, Osaka University Graduate School of Engineering, 1-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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Gerits E, Verstraeten N, Michiels J. New approaches to combat Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1300366. [PMID: 28473880 PMCID: PMC5405727 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1300366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, bacteria predominantly reside in structured, surface-attached communities embedded in a self-produced, extracellular matrix. These so-called biofilms play an important role in the development and pathogenesis of many infections, as they are difficult to eradicate due to their resistance to antimicrobials and host defense mechanisms. This review focusses on the biofilm-forming periodontal bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis. Current knowledge on the virulence mechanisms underlying P. gingivalis biofilm formation is presented. In addition, oral infectious diseases in which P. gingivalis plays a key role are described, and an overview of conventional and new therapies for combating P. gingivalis biofilms is given. More insight into this intriguing pathogen might direct the development of better strategies to combat oral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Gerits
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalie Verstraeten
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Michiels
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
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Temporal dynamics of bacterial microbiota in the human oral cavity determined using an in situ model of dental biofilms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2016; 2:16018. [PMID: 28721251 PMCID: PMC5515266 DOI: 10.1038/npjbiofilms.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies on oral biofilms have been performed in vitro, although it is difficult to mimic the oral environment. Here we used an in situ model to conduct a quantitative analysis and comprehensive identification of bacterial communities over time by performing deep sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. We show here that the number of viable bacteria in supragingival biofilms increased in two steps. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, as well as confocal laser scanning microscopy, we detected gram-positive cocci during the first 8 h. The biofilm was subsequently covered with a thick matrix-like structure composed of different bacterial morphotypes that diversified as the number of bacteria increased. Streptococcus accounted for >20% of the population until 16 h, and obligate anaerobes such as Fusobacterium, Prevotella and Porphyromonas predominated after 48 h, and this increase was statistically significant after 96 h (P<0.05). Together, our data demonstrate that an initial population of facultative anaerobic bacteria was replaced with a population of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria during oral biofilm formation. This study, therefore, contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the composition of the bacterial microbiota involved in the health of the human oral cavity.
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Savage JR, Pulsipher A, Rao NV, Kennedy TP, Prestwich GD, Ryan ME, Lee WY. A Modified Glycosaminoglycan, GM-0111, Inhibits Molecular Signaling Involved in Periodontitis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157310. [PMID: 27308827 PMCID: PMC4911086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontitis is characterized by microbial infection, inflammation, tissue breakdown, and accelerated loss of alveolar bone matrix. Treatment targeting these multiple stages of the disease provides ways to treat or prevent periodontitis. Certain glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) block multiple inflammatory mediators as well as suppress bacterial growth, suggesting that these GAGs may be exploited as a therapeutic for periodontitis. Methods We investigated the effects of a synthetic GAG, GM-0111, on various molecular events associated with periodontitis: growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) pathogenic bacteria associated with periodontitis; activation of pro-inflammatory signaling through TLR2 and TLR4 in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and heterologously expressed HEK 293 cells; osteoclast formation and bone matrix resorption in cultured mouse pre-osteoclasts. Results (1) GM-0111 suppressed the growth of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans even at 1% (w/v) solution. The antibacterial effects of GM-0111 were stronger than hyaluronic acid (HA) or xylitol in P. gingivalis at all concentrations and comparable to xylitol in A. actinomycetemcomitans at ≥2% (w/v) solution. We also observed that GM-0111 suppressed biofilm formation of P. gingivalis and these effects were much stronger than HA. (2) GM-0111 inhibited TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory cellular signaling both in macrophage and HEK 293 cells with higher selectivity for TLR2 than TLR4 (IC50 of 1–10 ng/mL vs. > 100 μg/mL, respectively). (3) GM-0111 blocked RANKL-induced osteoclast formation (as low as 300 ng/mL) and bone matrix resorption. While GM-0111 showed high affinity binding to RANKL, it did not interfere with RANKL/RANK/NF-κB signaling, suggesting that GM-0111 inhibits osteoclast formation by a RANKL-RANK-independent mechanism. Conclusions We report that GM-0111 inhibits multiple molecular events involved in periodontitis, spanning from the early pro-inflammatory TLR signaling, to pathways activated at the later stage component of bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin R. Savage
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Abigail Pulsipher
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Narayanam V. Rao
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Thomas P. Kennedy
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Pulmonary Diseases Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, United States of America
| | - Glenn D. Prestwich
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Therapeutic Biomaterials, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
| | - Maria E. Ryan
- Department of Oral Biology and Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, United States of America
| | - Won Yong Lee
- GlycoMira Therapeutics, Inc. Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Reise M, Gottschaldt M, Matz C, Völpel A, Jandt KD, Schubert US, Sigusch BW. Antibacterial effect of silver (I) carbohydrate complexes on oral pathogenic key species in vitro. BMC Oral Health 2016; 16:42. [PMID: 27009305 PMCID: PMC4806493 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It was the aim of this study to evaluate the antibacterial impact of two silver(I) carbohydrate complexes with tripodal thioglycosides, namely tris[2-(β-D-thio-glucopyranosyl)ethyl]-amine-silver(I)-nitrate (3) and tris[2-(α-D-thio-manno-pyranosyl)ethyl]-amine-silver(I)-nitrate (4), on five oral pathogenic bacterial strains. Furthermore, cytocompatibility was tested using human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). Methods Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined on five oral pathogenic bacterial strains by using the broth microdilution method: Fusobacterium nucleatum (ATCC 10953), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (ATCC 33384), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33277), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Enterococcus faecalis (DSMZ 20376). Furthermore, antimicrobial efficiency was tested using agar diffusion assays. To evaluate cytocompatibility, human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were exposed to AgNO3 and complex 3 followed by a live/dead staining. Results MIC of the silver(I) complexes ranged between 0.625 and 5.0 mmol/L. The silver complexes 3 and 4 showed higher antibacterial efficiency against all tested species than AgNO3. Antibacterial efficiency of complexes 3 and 4 on F. nucleatum (≥18 mm) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (≥23 mm) was more pronounced than against P. gingivalis (≥15 mm). Complex 3 (20 mM) induced the largest inhibition zones (30 to 31 mm) on Gram-negative strains. For Gram-positive strains, the largest inhibition zones were achieved by complex 3 (20 mM/S. mutans: 28 mm, E. faecalis: 18 mm). Complex 3 had a lower cytotoxic impact on HGFs compared to AgNO3 by the power of ten. Conclusions The findings suggest that silver(I) carbohydrate complexes 3 and 4 might function as novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of periodontal, carious or endodontic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Reise
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany.
| | - Michael Gottschaldt
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Carina Matz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Völpel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute for Materials Research, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Fraunhoferstraße 6, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.,Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernd W Sigusch
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Jena University Hospital, An der Alten Post 4, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Jentsch HFR, Buchmann A, Friedrich A, Eick S. Nonsurgical therapy of chronic periodontitis with adjunctive systemic azithromycin or amoxicillin/metronidazole. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1765-73. [PMID: 26685849 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1683-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study is to compare the effect of systemic adjunctive use of azithromycin with amoxicillin/metronidazole to scaling and root planing (SRP) in a clinical study. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from 60 individuals with chronic periodontitis were evaluated after full-mouth SRP. Antibiotics were given from the first day of SRP, in the test group (n = 29), azithromycin for 3 days and, in the control group (n = 31), amoxicillin/metronidazole for7 days. Probing depth (PD), attachment level (AL), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded at baseline and after 3 and 12 months. Gingival crevicular fluid was analyzed for matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-8 and interleukin (IL)-1beta levels. Subgingival plaque was taken for assessment of the major bacteria associated with periodontitis. RESULTS In both groups, PD, AL, and BOP were significantly reduced (p < 0.001). A few significant differences between the groups were found; AL and BOP were significantly better in the test than in the control group at the end of the study (p = 0.020 and 0.009). Periodontopathogens were reduced most in the test group. CONCLUSIONS A noninferiority of the treatment with azithromycin in comparison with amoxicillin/metronidazole can be stated. The administration of azithromycin could be an alternative to the use of amoxicillin/metronidazole adjunctive to SRP in patients with moderate or severe chronic periodontitis; however, a randomized placebo-controlled multicenter study is needed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Application of azithromycin as a single antibiotic for 3 days might be considered as an additional adjunctive antibiotic to SRP in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger F R Jentsch
- Centre for Periodontology, Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University Hospital of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 12, Haus 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | | | | | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Zhang Z, Zheng Y, Bian X. Clinical effect of azithromycin as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. J Periodontal Res 2015; 51:275-83. [PMID: 26362529 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The results of recent published studies focusing on the effect of azithromycin as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials to examine the effect of azithromycin combined with SRP on periodontal clinical parameters as compared to SRP alone. An electronic search was carried out on Pubmed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from their earliest records through December 28, 2014 to identify studies that met pre-stated inclusion criteria. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed. Data were extracted independently by two authors. Either a fixed- or random-effects model was used to calculate the overall effect sizes of azithromycin on probing depth, attachment level (AL) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q test and I(2) statistic. Publication bias was evaluated by Begg's test and Egger's test. A total of 14 trials were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with SRP alone, locally delivered azithromycin plus SRP statistically significantly reduced probing depth by 0.99 mm (95% CI 0.42-1.57) and increased AL by 1.12 mm (95% CI 0.31-1.92). In addition, systemically administered azithromycin plus SRP statistically significantly reduced probing depth by 0.21 mm (95% CI 0.12-0.29), BOP by 4.50% (95% CI 1.45-7.56) and increased AL by 0.23 mm (95% CI 0.07-0.39). Sensitivity analysis yielded similar results. No evidence of publication bias was observed. The additional benefit of systemic azithromycin was shown at the initially deep probing depth sites, but not at shallow or moderate sites. The overall effect sizes of systemic azithromycin showed a tendency to decrease with time, and meta-regression analysis suggested a negative relation between the length of follow-up and net change in probing depth (r = -0.05, p = 0.02). This meta-analysis provides further evidence that azithromycin used as an adjunct to SRP significantly improves the efficacy of non-surgical periodontal therapy on reducing probing depth, BOP and improving AL, particularly at the initially deep probing depth sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Zheng
- Department of General Dentistry, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - X Bian
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Gannesen AV, Zhurina MV, Veselova MA, Khmel’ IA, Plakunov VK. Regulation of biofilm formation by Pseudomonas chlororaphis in an in vitro system. Microbiology (Reading) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261715030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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28
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Yamamoto R, Noiri Y, Yamaguchi M, Asahi Y, Maezono H, Ebisu S, Hayashi M. Inhibition of polysaccharide synthesis by the sinR orthologue PGN_0088 is indirectly associated with the penetration of Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms by macrolide antibiotics. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 161:422-429. [PMID: 25500494 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Microbes commonly adhere to surfaces, aggregate in self-produced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and live in biofilms. Periodontitis is a serious oral infection that is initiated by the formation of biofilms by Porphyromonas gingivalis. EPS act as a barrier that protects biofilm-forming cells against sources of stress, including those induced by host immune cells and antimicrobial agents. Therefore, drugs intended to kill such micro-organisms cannot be used for the treatment of biofilm infections. Our previous studies revealed that subminimal inhibitory concentrations (subMIC) of two macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, AZM and erythromycin, ERY) reduced P. gingivalis biofilms. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the Bacillus subtilis sinR orthologue (PGN_0088) inhibits the synthesis of carbohydrates that are components of EPS in P. gingivalis biofilms. Here, we constructed a novel sinR mutant from P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and reveal that the increased abundance of carbohydrate in EPS of the mutant led to a reduced infiltration rate of AZM and ERY through EPS, and consequently elevated biofilm resistance to these macrolides. Detailed elucidation of the interaction between the product of the sinR gene and EPS will assist in the development of novel approaches that target EPS to prevent and inhibit the formation of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Yamamoto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiyo Yamaguchi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoko Asahi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hazuki Maezono
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Ebisu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Shi HQ, Sun FJ, Chen JH, Yong XL, Ou QY, Feng W, Xia PY. Opposite effects of cefoperazone and ceftazidime on S‑ribosylhomocysteine lyase/autoinducer-2 quorum sensing and biofilm formation by an Escherichia coli clinical isolate. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2334-40. [PMID: 25189202 PMCID: PMC4214345 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of subminimum inhibitory concentrations of cephalosporins on bacterial biofilm formation, the biofilm production of 52 Escherichia (E.) coli strains was examined following treatment with cephalosporin compounds at 1/4 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Ceftazidime (CAZ) inhibited biofilm formation in seven isolates, while cefoperazone (CFP) enhanced biofilm formation in 18 isolates. Biofilm formation of E. coli E42 was inhibited by CAZ and induced by CFP. Therefore, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the expression of the biofilm-modulating genes of this isolate was investigated. To monitor the production of the autoinducer of quorum sensing in E. coli, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) production was detected by measuring the bioluminescence response of Vibrio harveyi BB170. Antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) targeting S-ribosylhomocysteine lyase (luxS) inhibited the expression of the luxS gene in E. coli. CAZ at 1/4 MIC reduced luxS mRNA levels and the production of AI-2, whereas CFP at 1/4 MIC had the opposite effect. AS-ODNs targeting luxS significantly decreased the aforementioned inhibitory effects of CAZ and the induction effects of CFP on E. coli biofilm formation. Therefore, biofilm formation by the E. coli clinical isolate E42 was evoked by CFP but attenuated by CAZ at sub-MICs, via a luxS/AI-2-based quorum sensing system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Qing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Jun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lan Yong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Yi Ou
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yuan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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Promotion of endodontic lesions in rats by a novel extraradicular biofilm model using obturation materials. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:3804-10. [PMID: 24747900 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00421-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although extraradicular biofilm formation is related to refractory periapical periodontitis, the mechanism of extraradicular biofilm development, as well as its effect on periapical lesions, is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to develop an in vivo extraradicular biofilm model in rats and to identify and quantify extraradicular biofilm-forming bacteria while investigating the effect of extraradicular biofilms on periapical lesions. Periapical lesions were induced by exposing the pulpal tissue of the mandibular first molars of male Wistar rats to their oral environment. Four weeks later, gutta-percha points were excessively inserted into the mesial root canals of the right first molars (experimental sites) but not the left first molars (control sites). After 6 and 8 weeks of pulp exposure, the presence of extraradicular biofilms was confirmed histomorphologically, and biofilm-forming bacteria were identified by using classical culture methods. The biofilms were observed in the extraradicular area of the experimental sites. Similar species were detected both inside and outside the root canals. The bacterial count, quantified by real-time PCR assays, in the extraradicular area gradually increased in the experimental sites until 20 weeks after pulp exposure. After 8 weeks of pulp exposure, the periapical lesion volume that was measured by micro-computed tomography was significantly larger in the experimental sites than in the control sites (P < 0.05 by Welch's t test). These results suggest that we developed an extraradicular biofilm model in rats and that extraradicular biofilms affect developing periapical lesions.
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Tomita S, Kasai S, Ihara Y, Imamura K, Kita D, Ota K, Kinumatsu T, Nakagawa T, Saito A. Effects of systemic administration of sitafloxacin on subgingival microflora and antimicrobial susceptibility profile in acute periodontal lesions. Microb Pathog 2014; 71-72:1-7. [PMID: 24747615 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect(s) of systemic administration of sitafloxacin on subgingival microbial profiles of acute periodontal lesions. Antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates was also investigated. Patients with acute phases of chronic periodontitis were subjected to clinical examination and microbiological assessment of their subgingival plaque samples by culture technique. Sitafloxacin was then administered (100 mg/day for 5 days) systemically. The clinical and microbiological examinations were repeated 6-8 days after administration. Susceptibilities of clinical isolates to various antimicrobials were determined using the broth and agar dilution methods. From the sampled sites in 30 participants, a total of 355 clinical isolates (34 different bacterial species) were isolated and identified. Parvimonas micra, Prevotella intermedia and Streptococcus mitis were the most prevalent cultivable bacteria in acute sites. Systemic administration of sitafloxacin yielded a significant improvement in clinical and microbiological parameters. Among the antimicrobials tested, sitafloxacin was the most potent against the clinical isolates with an MIC90 of 0.12 μg/ml at baseline. After administration, most clinical isolates were still highly susceptible to sitafloxacin although some increase in MICs was observed. The results suggest that systemic administration of sitafloxacin is effective against subgingival bacteria isolated from acute periodontal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiyo Tomita
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kasai
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Sinnjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ihara
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Sinnjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Imamura
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Daichi Kita
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Koki Ota
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Kinumatsu
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Sinnjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Atsushi Saito
- Department of Periodontology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan; Oral Health Science Center, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan.
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Belibasakis GN, Thurnheer T. Validation of Antibiotic Efficacy on In Vitro Subgingival Biofilms. J Periodontol 2014; 85:343-8. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Blanc V, Isabal S, Sánchez MC, Llama-Palacios A, Herrera D, Sanz M, León R. Characterization and application of a flow system for in vitro
multispecies oral biofilm formation. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:323-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Blanc
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - S. Isabal
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - M. C. Sánchez
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - D. Herrera
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - M. Sanz
- ETEP Research Group; University Complutense of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - R. León
- Department of Microbiology; DENTAID S. L.; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
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Antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties of azithromycin treatment implications for periodontitis. Inflammopharmacology 2013; 21:321-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-012-0165-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Antibiotic susceptibility of Moraxella catarrhalis biofilms in a continuous flow model. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 74:394-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Sánchez MC, Marín MJ, Figuero E, Llama-Palacios A, Herrera D, Sanz M. Analysis of viable vs. dead Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis using selective quantitative real-time PCR with propidium monoazide. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:213-20. [PMID: 22957816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES One of the major disadvantages of DNA-based microbial diagnostics is their inability to differentiate DNA between viable and dead microorganisms, which could be important when studying etiologically relevant pathogens. The aim of this investigation was to optimize a method for the selective detection and quantification of only viable Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis cells by combining quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and propidium monoazide (PMA). MATERIAL AND METHODS Three different concentrations of PMA (10, 50 or 100 μm) were added to suspensions of 10(6) (CFU)/mL of viable/dead A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis cells. After DNA isolation, qPCR was carried out using specific primers and probes for the tested bacteria. PMA was further tested with different mixtures containing varying ratios of viable and dead cells. The efficacy of PMA to detect viable/dead cells was tested by analysis of variance. RESULTS For these specific bacterial pathogens, 100 μm PMA resulted in a significant reduction of qPCR amplification with dead cells (10(6) CFU/mL), while with viable cells no significant inhibition was detected. PMA was also effective in detecting selectively viable cells by qPCR detection, when mixtures of varying ratios of viable and dead bacteria were used. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the efficiency of PMA for differentiating viable and dead A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis cells. This method of PMA-qPCR may be useful for monitoring new antimicrobial strategies and for assessing the pathogenic potential of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in different oral conditions when using molecular diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sánchez
- ETEP (Aetiology and Therapy of Periodontal Diseases) Research Group, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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37
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Hallström H, Persson GR, Lindgren S, Olofsson M, Renvert S. Systemic antibiotics and debridement of peri-implant mucositis. A randomized clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39:574-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2012.01884.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Hallström
- Department of Periodontology; Maxillofacial Unit; Hospital of Halland; Halmstad; Sweden
| | | | - Susann Lindgren
- Department of Periodontology; Maxillofacial Unit; Hospital of Halland; Halmstad; Sweden
| | - Maria Olofsson
- Department of Periodontology; Maxillofacial Unit; Hospital of Halland; Halmstad; Sweden
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