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Dalisay DS, Tenebro CP, Sabido EM, Suarez AFL, Paderog MJV, Reyes-Salarda R, Saludes JP. Marine-Derived Anticancer Agents Targeting Apoptotic Pathways: Exploring the Depths for Novel Cancer Therapies. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:114. [PMID: 38535455 PMCID: PMC10972102 DOI: 10.3390/md22030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on the isolation and study of bioactive compounds derived from marine sources. Several natural products have demonstrated potential as inducers of apoptosis and are currently under investigation in clinical trials. These marine-derived compounds selectively interact with extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways using a variety of molecular mechanisms, resulting in cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic blebs, apoptotic bodies, and phagocytosis by adjacent parenchymal cells, neoplastic cells, or macrophages. Numerous marine-derived compounds are currently undergoing rigorous examination for their potential application in cancer therapy. This review examines a total of 21 marine-derived compounds, along with their synthetic derivatives, sourced from marine organisms such as sponges, corals, tunicates, mollusks, ascidians, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria. These compounds are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate their potential as apoptosis inducers for the treatment of different types of cancer. This review further examined the compound's properties and mode of action, preclinical investigations, clinical trial studies on single or combination therapy, and the prospective development of marine-derived anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doralyn S. Dalisay
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
- Department of Biology, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
- Balik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD), Taguig 1631, Philippines;
| | - Chuckcris P. Tenebro
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
| | - Edna M. Sabido
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
| | - Angelica Faith L. Suarez
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
| | - Melissa June V. Paderog
- Center for Chemical Biology and Biotechnology (C2B2), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines; (C.P.T.); (E.M.S.); (M.J.V.P.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
| | - Rikka Reyes-Salarda
- Department of Biology, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
| | - Jonel P. Saludes
- Balik Scientist Program, Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD), Taguig 1631, Philippines;
- Center for Natural Drug Discovery and Development (CND3), University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines;
- Department of Chemistry, University of San Agustin, Iloilo City 5000, Philippines
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2
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Panova MAZ, Varfolomeeva MA, Gafarova ER, Maltseva AL, Mikhailova NA, Granovitch AI. First insights into the gut microbiomes and the diet of the Littorina snail ecotypes, a recently emerged marine evolutionary model. Evol Appl 2023; 16:365-378. [PMID: 36793697 PMCID: PMC9923488 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes can play a prominent role in the evolution of their hosts, facilitating adaptation to various environments and promoting ecological divergence. The Wave and Crab ecotypes of the intertidal snail Littorina saxatilis is an evolutionary model of rapid and repeated adaptation to environmental gradients. While patterns of genomic divergence of the Littorina ecotypes along the shore gradients have been extensively studied, their microbiomes have been so far overlooked. The aim of the present study is to start filling this gap by comparing gut microbiome composition of the Wave and Crab ecotypes using metabarcoding approach. Since Littorina snails are micro-grazers feeding on the intertidal biofilm, we also compare biofilm composition (i.e. typical snail diet) in the crab and wave habitats. In the results, we found that bacterial and eukaryotic biofilm composition varies between the typical habitats of the ecotypes. Further, the snail gut bacteriome was different from outer environments, being dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidia and Alphaproteobacteria. There were clear differences in the gut bacterial communities between the Crab and the Wave ecotypes as well as between the Wave ecotype snails from the low and high shores. These differences were both observed in the abundances and in the presence of different bacteria, as well as at different taxonomic level, from bacterial OTU's to families. Altogether, our first insights show that Littorina snails and their associated bacteria are a promising marine system to study co-evolution of the microbes and their hosts, which can help us to predict the future for wild species in the face of rapidly changing marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina A Z Panova
- Department of Marine Sciences-Tjärnö University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.,The Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology CeMEB University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Marina A Varfolomeeva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Elizaveta R Gafarova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Arina L Maltseva
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Natalia A Mikhailova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia.,Centre of Cell Technologies Institute of Cytology RAS St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Andrei I Granovitch
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg Russia
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3
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Li H, Li Z. The Exploration of Microbial Natural Products and Metabolic Interaction Guided by Mass Spectrometry Imaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:707. [PMID: 36421108 PMCID: PMC9687252 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As an impressive mass spectrometry technology, mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) can provide mass spectra data and spatial distribution of analytes simultaneously. MSI has been widely used in diverse fields such as clinical diagnosis, the pharmaceutical industry and environmental study due to its accuracy, high resolution and developing reproducibility. Natural products (NPs) have been a critical source of leading drugs; almost half of marketed drugs are derived from NPs or their derivatives. The continuous search for bioactive NPs from microorganisms or microbiomes has always been attractive. MSI allows us to analyze and characterize NPs directly in monocultured microorganisms or a microbial community. In this review, we briefly introduce current mainstream ionization technologies for microbial samples and the key issue of sample preparation, and then summarize some applications of MSI in the exploration of microbial NPs and metabolic interaction, especially NPs from marine microbes. Additionally, remaining challenges and future prospects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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4
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Arboleda-Baena C, Pareja CB, Pla I, Logares R, De la Iglesia R, Navarrete SA. Hidden interactions in the intertidal rocky shore: variation in pedal mucus microbiota among marine grazers that feed on epilithic biofilm communities. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13642. [PMID: 36172502 PMCID: PMC9512015 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In marine ecosystems, most invertebrates possess diverse microbiomes on their external surfaces, such as those found in the pedal mucus of grazing gastropods and chitons that aids displacement on different surfaces. The microbes are then transported around and placed in contact with free-living microbial communities of micro and other macro-organisms, potentially exchanging species and homogenizing microbial composition and structure among grazer hosts. Here, we characterize the microbiota of the pedal mucus of five distantly related mollusk grazers, quantify differences in microbial community structure, mucus protein and carbohydrate content, and, through a simple laboratory experiment, assess their effects on integrated measures of biofilm abundance. Over 665 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were found across grazers, with significant differences in abundance and composition among grazer species and epilithic biofilms. The pulmonate limpet Siphonaria lessonii and the periwinkle Echinolittorina peruviana shared similar microbiota. The microbiota of the chiton Chiton granosus, keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa, and scurrinid limpet Scurria araucana differed markedly from one another, and form those of the pulmonate limpet and periwinkle. Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidia) and Colwelliaceae (Gammaproteobacteria) were the most common among microbial taxa. Microbial strict specialists were found in only one grazer species. The pedal mucus pH was similar among grazers, but carbohydrate and protein concentrations differed significantly. Yet, differences in mucus composition were not reflected in microbial community structure. Only the pedal mucus of F. crassa and S. lessonii negatively affected the abundance of photosynthetic microorganisms in the biofilm, demonstrating the specificity of the pedal mucus effects on biofilm communities. Thus, the pedal mucus microbiota are distinct among grazer hosts and can affect and interact non-trophically with the epilithic biofilms on which grazers feed, potentially leading to microbial community coalescence mediated by grazer movement. Further studies are needed to unravel the myriad of non-trophic interactions and their reciprocal impacts between macro- and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Arboleda-Baena
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Tabo, Chile,Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Claudia Belén Pareja
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Isadora Pla
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Ramiro Logares
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM), CSIC, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo De la Iglesia
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Región Metropolitana, Chile,Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Sergio Andrés Navarrete
- Estación Costera de Investigaciones Marinas and Center for Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, El Tabo, Chile,Marine Energy Research & Innovation Center (MERIC), Santiago de Chile, Chile,Centro Basal COPAS-COASTAL, Universidad de Concepción
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5
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Recent advances and limitations in the application of kahalalides for the control of cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112676. [PMID: 35149387 PMCID: PMC9004612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of the kahalalide family of marine depsipeptides in 1993, considerable work has been done to develop these compounds as new and biologically distinct anti-cancer agents. Clinical trials and laboratory research have yielded a wealth of data that indicates tolerance of kahalalides in healthy cells and selective activity against diseased cells. Currently, two molecules have attracted the greates level of attention, kahalalide F (KF) and isokahalalide F (isoKF, Irvalec, PM 02734, elisidepsin). Both compounds were originally isolated from the sarcoglossan mollusk Elysia rufescens but due to distinct structural characteristics it has been hypothesized and recently shown that the ultimate origin of the molecules is microbial. The search for their true source has been a subject of considerable research in the anticipation of finding new analogs and a culturable expression system that can produce sufficient material through fermentation to be industrially relevant.
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6
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Divergence together with microbes: A comparative study of the associated microbiomes in the closely related Littorina species. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260792. [PMID: 34932575 PMCID: PMC8691637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Any multicellular organism during its life is involved in relatively stable interactions with microorganisms. The organism and its microbiome make up a holobiont, possessing a unique set of characteristics and evolving as a whole system. This study aimed to evaluate the degree of the conservativeness of microbiomes associated with intertidal gastropods. We studied the composition and the geographic and phylogenetic variability of the gut and body surface microbiomes of five closely related sympatric Littorina (Neritrema) spp. and a more distant species, L. littorea, from the sister subgenus Littorina (Littorina). Although snail-associated microbiomes included many lineages (207–603), they were dominated by a small number of OTUs of the genera Psychromonas, Vibrio, and Psychrilyobacter. The geographic variability was greater than the interspecific differences at the same collection site. While the microbiomes of the six Littorina spp. did not differ at the high taxonomic level, the OTU composition differed between groups of cryptic species and subgenera. A few species-specific OTUs were detected within the collection sites; notably, such OTUs never dominated microbiomes. We conclude that the composition of the high-rank taxa of the associated microbiome (“scaffolding enterotype”) is more evolutionarily conserved than the composition of the low-rank individual OTUs, which may be site- and / or species-specific.
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7
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Peng S, Hao W, Li Y, Wang L, Sun T, Zhao J, Dong Z. Bacterial Communities Associated With Four Blooming Scyphozoan Jellyfish: Potential Species-Specific Consequences for Marine Organisms and Humans Health. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:647089. [PMID: 34025606 PMCID: PMC8131558 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.647089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cnidarians have large surface areas available for colonization by microbial organisms, which serve a multitude of functions in the environment. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on scyphozoan-associated microbial communities. Blooms of scyphozoan species are common worldwide and can have numerous deleterious consequences on the marine ecosystem. Four scyphozoan species, Aurelia coerulea, Cyanea nozakii, Nemopilema nomurai, and Rhopilema esculentum, form large blooms in Chinese seas. In this study, we analyzed the bacterial communities associated with these four jellyfish based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that the bacterial communities associated with each scyphozoan species were significantly different from each other and from those of the surrounding seawater. There were no significant differences between the bacterial communities associated with different body parts of the four scyphozoan jellyfish. Core bacteria in various compartments of the four scyphozoan taxa comprised 57 OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units), dominated by genera Mycoplasma, Vibrio, Ralstonia, Tenacibaculum, Shingomonas and Phyllobacterium. FAPROTAX function prediction revealed that jellyfish could influence microbially mediated biogeochemical cycles, compound degradation and transmit pathogens in regions where they proliferate. Finally, Six genera of potentially pathogenic bacteria associated with the scyphozoans were detected: Vibrio, Mycoplasma, Ralstonia, Tenacibaculum, Nautella, and Acinetobacter. Our study suggests that blooms of these four common scyphozoans may cause jellyfish species-specific impacts on element cycling in marine ecosystems, and serve as vectors of pathogenic bacteria to threaten other marine organisms and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saijun Peng
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjin Hao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongxue Li
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhijun Dong
- Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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8
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Avila C, Angulo-Preckler C. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Heterobranchs. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:657. [PMID: 33371188 PMCID: PMC7767343 DOI: 10.3390/md18120657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural products of heterobranch molluscs display a huge variability both in structure and in their bioactivity. Despite the considerable lack of information, it can be observed from the recent literature that this group of animals possesses an astonishing arsenal of molecules from different origins that provide the molluscs with potent chemicals that are ecologically and pharmacologically relevant. In this review, we analyze the bioactivity of more than 450 compounds from ca. 400 species of heterobranch molluscs that are useful for the snails to protect themselves in different ways and/or that may be useful to us because of their pharmacological activities. Their ecological activities include predator avoidance, toxicity, antimicrobials, antifouling, trail-following and alarm pheromones, sunscreens and UV protection, tissue regeneration, and others. The most studied ecological activity is predation avoidance, followed by toxicity. Their pharmacological activities consist of cytotoxicity and antitumoral activity; antibiotic, antiparasitic, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activity; and activity against neurodegenerative diseases and others. The most studied pharmacological activities are cytotoxicity and anticancer activities, followed by antibiotic activity. Overall, it can be observed that heterobranch molluscs are extremely interesting in regard to the study of marine natural products in terms of both chemical ecology and biotechnology studies, providing many leads for further detailed research in these fields in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Carlos Angulo-Preckler
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, and Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Research Institute (IrBIO), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Hansine Hansens veg 18, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
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9
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Stabili L, Rizzo L, Basso L, Marzano M, Fosso B, Pesole G, Piraino S. The Microbial Community Associated with Rhizostoma pulmo: Ecological Significance and Potential Consequences for Marine Organisms and Human Health. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18090437. [PMID: 32839397 PMCID: PMC7551628 DOI: 10.3390/md18090437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Jellyfish blooms are frequent and widespread in coastal areas worldwide, often associated with significant ecological and socio-economic consequences. Recent studies have also suggested cnidarian jellyfish may act as vectors of bacterial pathogens. The scyphomedusa Rhizostoma pulmo is an outbreak-forming jellyfish widely occurring across the Mediterranean basin. Using combination of culture-based approaches and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS), and based on available knowledge on a warm-affinity jellyfish-associated microbiome, we compared the microbial community associated with R. pulmo adult jellyfish in the Gulf of Taranto (Ionian Sea) between summer (July 2016) and winter (February 2017) sampling periods. The jellyfish-associated microbiota was investigated in three distinct compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chlamydiae, Cyanobacteria, Deinococcus-Thermus, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria, Rhodothermaeota, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes, and Thaumarchaeota were the phyla isolated from all the three R. pulmo compartments in the sampling times. In particular, the main genera Mycoplasma and Spiroplasma, belonging to the class Mollicutes (phylum Tenericutes), have been identified in all the three jellyfish compartments. The taxonomic microbial data were coupled with metabolic profiles resulting from the utilization of 31 different carbon sources by the BIOLOG Eco-Plate system. Microorganisms associated with mucus are characterized by great diversity. The counts of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and potential metabolic activities are also remarkable. Results are discussed in terms of R. pulmo ecology, the potential health hazard for marine and human life as well as the potential biotechnological applications related to the associated microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
- Institute of Water Research of the National Research Council, S.S. di Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74123 Taranto, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (L.R.); (M.M.)
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy; (B.F.); (G.P.)
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Via Prov.le Lecce Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (L.B.); (S.P.)
- CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
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10
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Mahadevan P, Middlebrooks ML. Bacterial diversity in the clarki ecotype of the photosynthetic sacoglossan, Elysia crispata. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1098. [PMID: 32602643 PMCID: PMC7520991 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the bacterial communities associated with photosynthetic sacoglossan sea slugs. In this study, we determined the bacterial diversity in the clarki ecotype, Elysia crispata using 16S rRNA sequencing. Computational analysis using QIIME2 revealed variability between individual samples, with the Spirochaetes and Bacteroidetes phyla dominating most samples. Tenericutes and Proteobacteria were also found, among other phyla. Computational metabolic profiling of the bacteria revealed a variety of metabolic pathways involving carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Although associated bacteria may be involved in mutually beneficial metabolic pathways, there was a high degree of variation in the bacterial community of individual slugs. This suggests that many of these relationships are likely opportunistic rather than obligate and that many of these bacteria may live commensally providing no major benefit to the slugs.
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11
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Osório JB, de Mattos Pereira L, Giongo A, Marconatto L, Potriquet J, Candido RRF, Mulvenna J, Jones M, Graeff-Teixeira C, Morassutti AL. Mollusk microbiota shift during Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection in the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the terrestrial slug Phillocaulis soleiformis. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2495-2503. [PMID: 32556501 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06743-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, we reported for the first time the microbiome from Phyllocaulis soleiformis and Biomphalaria glabrata assessed using high-throughput DNA sequencing pre- and post-infection with the helminth parasite Angiostrongylus cantonensis. B. glabrata and P. soleiformis were experimentally infected with A. cantonensis. Fecal DNAs from control and infected groups were extracted and subjected to 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing survey. No significant differences were found in the alpha diversity indexes in Phyllocaulis and Biomphalaria experiments independently. PCoA analysis using the unweighted UniFrac measures showed that both microbiotas behaved differently depending on the host. In Biomphalaria microbiota, control and infected groups were significantly different (p = 0.0219), while Phyllocaulis samples were not (p = 0.5190). The microbiome of P. soleiformis infected with A. cantonensis showed a significant decrease of Sphingobacterium and a substantial increase of Cellvibrio when compared to a control group. The microbiome of B. glabrata infected with A. cantonensis showed a significant decline in the abundance of Flavobacterium, Fluviicola, Nitrospira, Vogesella and an OTU belonging to the family Comamonadaceae, and a significant increase of Uliginosibacterium and an OTU belonging to the family Weeksellaceae when compared to a control group. Overall, the microbiome data reported here provided valuable information with regard to the diversity of bacterial communities that comprise the gut microbiome of gastropods. Furthermore, we report here the effect of the infection of the helminth A. cantonensis in the ratio and distribution of the fecal microbiome of the snails. Further studies are highly valuable in order to better understand those interactions by comparing different microbiome profiles and mollusk models. By now, we anticipate that ecological studies will take significant advantage of these advances, particularly concerning improving our understanding of helminth-microbiome-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Borges Osório
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 12C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro de Mattos Pereira
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 12C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana e Molecular, Bloco E - Predio CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Adriana Giongo
- Instituto do Petróleo e Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 96J, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Marconatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 12C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil.,Laboratório de Ecologia Microbiana e Molecular, Bloco E - Predio CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil.,Instituto do Petróleo e Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 96J, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia.,Department of Physics, The University of Western Australia, M013, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, 6009, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - Jeremy Potriquet
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | | | - Jason Mulvenna
- Instituto do Petróleo e Recursos Naturais, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 96J, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil
| | - Malcolm Jones
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, 4343, Australia
| | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 12C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Loureiro Morassutti
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Escola de Ciências, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6681, Predio 12C, Porto Alegre, RS, 90060-900, Brazil.
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12
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Huot C, Clerissi C, Gourbal B, Galinier R, Duval D, Toulza E. Schistosomiasis Vector Snails and Their Microbiota Display a Phylosymbiosis Pattern. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3092. [PMID: 32082267 PMCID: PMC7006369 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Planorbidae snails are the intermediate host for the trematode parasite of the Schistosoma genus, which is responsible for schistosomiasis, a disease that affects both humans and cattle. The microbiota for Schistosoma has already been described as having an effect on host/parasite interactions, specifically through immunological interactions. Here, we sought to characterize the microbiota composition of seven Planorbidae species and strains. Individual snail microbiota was determined using 16S ribosomal DNA amplicon sequencing. The bacterial composition was highly specific to the host strain with limited interindividual variation. In addition, it displayed complete congruence with host phylogeny, revealing a phylosymbiosis pattern. These results were confirmed in a common garden, suggesting that the host highly constrains microbial composition. This study presents the first comparison of bacterial communities between several intermediate snail hosts of Schistosoma parasites, paving the way for further studies on the understanding of this tripartite interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eve Toulza
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
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13
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Zhukova NV. Fatty Acids of Marine Mollusks: Impact of Diet, Bacterial Symbiosis and Biosynthetic Potential. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E857. [PMID: 31835867 PMCID: PMC6995604 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) families are essential for important physiological processes. Their major source are marine ecosystems. The fatty acids (FAs) from phytoplankton, which are the primary producer of organic matter and PUFAs, are transferred into consumers via food webs. Mollusk FAs have attracted the attention of researchers that has been driven by their critical roles in aquatic ecology and their importance as sources of essential PUFAs. The main objective of this review is to focus on the most important factors and causes determining the biodiversity of the mollusk FAs, with an emphasis on the key relationship of these FAs with the food spectrum and trophic preference. The marker FAs of trophic sources are also of particular interest. The discovery of new symbioses involving invertebrates and bacteria, which are responsible for nutrition of the host, deserves special attention. The present paper also highlights recent research into the molecular and biochemical mechanisms of PUFA biosynthesis in marine mollusks. The biosynthetic capacities of marine mollusks require a well-grounded evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Zhukova
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690041, Russia; ; Tel.: +7-423-231-0937; Fax: +7-423-231-0900
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia
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14
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Basso L, Rizzo L, Marzano M, Intranuovo M, Fosso B, Pesole G, Piraino S, Stabili L. Jellyfish summer outbreaks as bacterial vectors and potential hazards for marine animals and humans health? The case of Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa, Cnidaria). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:305-318. [PMID: 31349170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Jellyfish represent an important component of marine food webs characterized by large fluctuations of population density, with the ability to abruptly form outbreaks, followed by rarity periods. In spite of considerable efforts to investigate how jellyfish populations are responding globally to anthropogenic change, available evidence still remains unclear. In the last 50 years, jellyfish are seemingly on the rise in a number of coastal areas, including the Mediterranean Sea, where jellyfish blooms periodically become an issue to marine and maritime human activities. Their impacts on marine organism welfare have been poorly quantified. The jellyfish, Rhizostoma pulmo, is an outbreak-forming scyphomedusa whose large populations spread across the Mediterranean, with increasing periodicity and variable abundance. Studies on cnidarian jellyfish suggested being important vectors of bacterial pathogens. In the present study, by combination of conventional culture-based methods and a high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS) approach, we characterized the diversity of the bacterial community associated with this jellyfish during their summer outbreak. Three distinct jellyfish compartments, namely umbrella, oral arms, and the mucus secretion obtained from whole specimens were screened for specifically associated microbiota. A total of 17 phyla, 30 classes, 73 orders, 146 families and 329 genera of microbial organisms were represented in R. pulmo samples with three major clades (i.e. Spiroplasma, Mycoplasma and Wolinella) representing over 90% of the retrieved total sequences. The taxonomic microbial inventory was then combined with metabolic profiling data obtained from the Biolog Eco-Plate system. Significant differences among the jellyfish compartments were detected in terms of bacterial abundance, diversity and metabolic utilization of 31 different carbon sources with the highest value of abundance and metabolic potential in the mucus secretion compared to the umbrella and oral arms. Results are discussed in the framework of the species ecology as well as the potential health hazard for marine organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Basso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucia Rizzo
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy; Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marinella Marzano
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Marianna Intranuovo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Bruno Fosso
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Biomembrane, Bioenergetica e Biotecnologie Molecolari (IBIOM), CNR, Bari, Italy; Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Biotecnologie e Biofarmaceutica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Stefano Piraino
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Roma, Italy.
| | - Loredana Stabili
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy; Water Research Institute of the National Research Council, (IRSA-CNR), Taranto, Italy.
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15
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Zan J, Li Z, Tianero MD, Davis J, Hill RT, Donia MS. A microbial factory for defensive kahalalides in a tripartite marine symbiosis. Science 2019; 364:364/6445/eaaw6732. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemical defense against predators is widespread in natural ecosystems. Occasionally, taxonomically distant organisms share the same defense chemical. Here, we describe an unusual tripartite marine symbiosis, in which an intracellular bacterial symbiont (“Candidatus Endobryopsis kahalalidefaciens”) uses a diverse array of biosynthetic enzymes to convert simple substrates into a library of complex molecules (the kahalalides) for chemical defense of the host, the alga Bryopsis sp., against predation. The kahalalides are subsequently hijacked by a third partner, the herbivorous mollusk Elysia rufescens, and employed similarly for defense. “Ca. E. kahalalidefaciens” has lost many essential traits for free living and acts as a factory for kahalalide production. This interaction between a bacterium, an alga, and an animal highlights the importance of chemical defense in the evolution of complex symbioses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Zan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Princeton Center for Theoretical Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Center for the Physics of Biological Function, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ma. Diarey Tianero
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jeanette Davis
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Russell T. Hill
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Mohamed S. Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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16
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Neu AT, Allen EE, Roy K. Diversity and composition of intertidal gastropod microbiomes across a major marine biogeographic boundary. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2019; 11:434-447. [PMID: 30834681 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marine biogeographic boundaries act as barriers to dispersal for many animal species, thereby creating distinctive faunas on either side. However, how such boundaries affect the distributions of microbial taxa remains poorly known. To test whether biogeographic boundaries influence the diversity and composition of host-associated microbiota, we analysed the microbiomes of three species of common intertidal gastropods at two sites separated by the biogeographic boundary at Point Conception (PtC), CA, using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our results show that each host species shows microbiome compositional specificity, even across PtC, and that alpha diversity does not change significantly across this boundary for any of the gastropod hosts. However, for two of the host species, beta diversity differs significantly across PtC, indicating that there may be multiple levels of organization of the marine gastropod microbiome. Overall, our results suggest that while biogeographic boundaries do not constrain the distribution of a core set of microbes associated with each host species, they can play a role in structuring the transient portion of the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T Neu
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric E Allen
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kaustuv Roy
- Section of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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17
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Lefranc F, Koutsaviti A, Ioannou E, Kornienko A, Roussis V, Kiss R, Newman D. Algae metabolites: from in vitro growth inhibitory effects to promising anticancer activity. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:810-841. [PMID: 30556575 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00057c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 1957 to 2017 Algae constitute a heterogeneous group of eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms, mainly found in the marine environment. Algae produce numerous metabolites that help them cope with the harsh conditions of the marine environment. Because of their structural diversity and uniqueness, these molecules have recently gained a lot of interest for the identification of medicinally useful agents, including those with potential anticancer activities. In the current review, which is not a catalogue-based one, we first highlight the major biological events that lead to various types of cancer, including metastatic ones, to chemoresistance, thus to any types of current anticancer treatment relating to the use of chemotherapeutics. We then review algal metabolites for which scientific literature reports anticancer activity. Lastly, we focus on algal metabolites with promising anticancer activity based on their ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. Thus, we highlight compounds that have, among others, one or more of the following characteristics: selectivity in reducing the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, potential for killing cancer cells through non-apoptotic signaling pathways, ability to circumvent MDR-related efflux pumps, and activity in vivo in relevant pre-clinical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital Erasme, ULB, 1070 Brussels, Belgium.
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18
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Yang MJ, Song H, Sun LN, Yu ZL, Hu Z, Wang XL, Zhu JY, Zhang T. Effect of temperature on the microflora community composition in the digestive tract of the veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 29:145-153. [PMID: 30472607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The veined rapa whelk, Rapana venosa, a poikilotherm that is susceptible to temperature, is an important and valuable fishery resource in China but a major invader around the world. We studied the effects of abnormal temperature on the digestive tract microflora of R. venosa to investigate how temperature impacts its digestion and ingestion. We characterized the microflora in nine samples by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. To assess the species diversity within the samples, effective tags were clustered at 97% similarity by default. Mycoplasma was the most abundant genus among the three groups, and the Proteobacteria phylum had the highest diversity. However, the microflora structure in the digestive tract was significantly different at different temperatures. The top five most abundant genera in the samples housed at 16 °C were Mycoplasma, Phyllobacterium, Aliivibrio, Psychromonas, and Delftia, whereas those in the samples housed under 22 °C were Mycoplasma, Phyllobacterium, Delftia, Spirochaeta_2, and Sphingomonas, and those in the samples housed at 28 °C were Mycoplasma, Phyllobacterium, Vibrio, Delftia, and Aliivibrio. The family Flavobacteriaceae was more abundant in R. venosa housed at 22 °C and 28 °C, whereas a significant decrease in Flavobacteriaceae abundance and a substantial increase in Mycoplasmataceae abundance were observed in R. venosa housed at 16 °C. The alteration in the digestive tract microflora might further affect the function of the R. venosa digestive tract. The results presented herein might provide further insight into investigations on the effects of temperature on the digestion and ingestion of gastropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zheng-Lin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Long Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhu
- Qingdao Malvern College, Qingdao 266106, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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19
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Aires T, Serebryakova A, Viard F, Serrão EA, Engelen AH. Acidification increases abundances of Vibrionales and Planctomycetia associated to a seaweed-grazer system: potential consequences for disease and prey digestion efficiency. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4377. [PMID: 29610702 PMCID: PMC5880178 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification significantly affects marine organisms in several ways, with complex interactions. Seaweeds might benefit from rising CO2 through increased photosynthesis and carbon acquisition, with subsequent higher growth rates. However, changes in seaweed chemistry due to increased CO2 may change the nutritional quality of tissue for grazers. In addition, organisms live in close association with a diverse microbiota, which can also be influenced by environmental changes, with feedback effects. As gut microbiomes are often linked to diet, changes in seaweed characteristics and associated microbiome can affect the gut microbiome of the grazer, with possible fitness consequences. In this study, we experimentally investigated the effects of acidification on the microbiome of the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum muticum and a native isopod consumer Synisoma nadejda. Both were exposed to ambient CO2 conditions (380 ppm, pH 8.16) and an acidification treatment (1,000 ppm, pH 7.86) for three weeks. Microbiome diversity and composition were determined using high-throughput sequencing of the variable regions V5-7 of 16S rRNA. We anticipated that as a result of acidification, the seaweed-associated bacterial community would change, leading to further changes in the gut microbiome of grazers. However, no significant effects of elevated CO2 on the overall bacterial community structure and composition were revealed in the seaweed. In contrast, significant changes were observed in the bacterial community of the grazer gut. Although the bacterial community of S. muticum as whole did not change, Oceanospirillales and Vibrionales (mainly Pseudoalteromonas) significantly increased their abundance in acidified conditions. The former, which uses organic matter compounds as its main source, may have opportunistically taken advantage of the possible increase of the C/N ratio in the seaweed under acidified conditions. Pseudoalteromonas, commonly associated to diseased seaweeds, suggesting that acidification may facilitate opportunistic/pathogenic bacteria. In the gut of S. nadejda, the bacterial genus Planctomycetia increased abundance under elevated CO2. This shift might be associated to changes in food (S. muticum) quality under acidification. Planctomycetia are slow-acting decomposers of algal polymers that could be providing the isopod with an elevated algal digestion and availability of inorganic compounds to compensate the shifted C/N ratio under acidification in their food. In conclusion, our results indicate that even after only three weeks of acidified conditions, bacterial communities associated to ungrazed seaweed and to an isopod grazer show specific, differential shifts in associated bacterial community. These have potential consequences for seaweed health (as shown in corals) and isopod food digestion. The observed changes in the gut microbiome of the grazer seem to reflect changes in the seaweed chemistry rather than its microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Aires
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Serebryakova
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab Adaptation and Diversity in Marine Environments (UMR 7144 CNRS SU), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Frédérique Viard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Lab Adaptation and Diversity in Marine Environments (UMR 7144 CNRS SU), Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.,CNRS, UMR 7144, Divco Team, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France
| | - Ester A Serrão
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Aschwin H Engelen
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), CIMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
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20
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Song H, Yu ZL, Yang MJ, Zhang T, Wang HY. Analysis of microbial abundance and community composition in esophagus and intestinal tract of wild veined rapa whelk ( Rapana venosa) by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2018; 64:158-166. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Zheng-Lin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Mei-jie Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology
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21
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Fisch KM, Hertzer C, Böhringer N, Wuisan ZG, Schillo D, Bara R, Kaligis F, Wägele H, König GM, Schäberle TF. The Potential of Indonesian Heterobranchs Found around Bunaken Island for the Production of Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:E384. [PMID: 29215579 PMCID: PMC5742844 DOI: 10.3390/md15120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The species diversity of marine heterobranch sea slugs found on field trips around Bunaken Island (North Sulawesi, Indonesia) and adjacent islands of the Bunaken National Marine Park forms the basis of this review. In a survey performed in 2015, 80 species from 23 families were collected, including 17 new species. Only three of these have been investigated previously in studies from Indonesia. Combining species diversity with a former study from 2003 reveals in total 140 species from this locality. The diversity of bioactive compounds known and yet to be discovered from these organisms is summarized and related to the producer if known or suspected (might it be down the food chain, de novo synthesised from the slug or an associated bacterium). Additionally, the collection of microorganisms for the discovery of natural products of pharmacological interest from this hotspot of biodiversity that is presented here contains more than 50 species that have never been investigated before in regard to bioactive secondary metabolites. This highlights the great potential of the sea slugs and the associated microorganisms for the discovery of natural products of pharmacological interest from this hotspot of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja M Fisch
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Cora Hertzer
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Nils Böhringer
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Zerlina G Wuisan
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Dorothee Schillo
- Centre of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Robert Bara
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia.
| | - Fontje Kaligis
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado 95115, Indonesia.
| | - Heike Wägele
- Centre of Molecular Biodiversity, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, 53113 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gabriele M König
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Till F Schäberle
- Institute for Insect Biotechnology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Ciavatta ML, Lefranc F, Carbone M, Mollo E, Gavagnin M, Betancourt T, Dasari R, Kornienko A, Kiss R. Marine Mollusk-Derived Agents with Antiproliferative Activity as Promising Anticancer Agents to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance. Med Res Rev 2017; 37:702-801. [PMID: 27925266 PMCID: PMC5484305 DOI: 10.1002/med.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemical investigation of marine mollusks has led to the isolation of a wide variety of bioactive metabolites, which evolved in marine organisms as favorable adaptations to survive in different environments. Most of them are derived from food sources, but they can be also biosynthesized de novo by the mollusks themselves, or produced by symbionts. Consequently, the isolated compounds cannot be strictly considered as "chemotaxonomic markers" for the different molluscan species. However, the chemical investigation of this phylum has provided many compounds of interest as potential anticancer drugs that assume particular importance in the light of the growing literature on cancer biology and chemotherapy. The current review highlights the diversity of chemical structures, mechanisms of action, and, most importantly, the potential of mollusk-derived metabolites as anticancer agents, including those biosynthesized by mollusks and those of dietary origin. After the discussion of dolastatins and kahalalides, compounds previously studied in clinical trials, the review covers potentially promising anticancer agents, which are grouped based on their structural type and include terpenes, steroids, peptides, polyketides and nitrogen-containing compounds. The "promise" of a mollusk-derived natural product as an anticancer agent is evaluated on the basis of its ability to target biological characteristics of cancer cells responsible for poor treatment outcomes. These characteristics include high antiproliferative potency against cancer cells in vitro, preferential inhibition of the proliferation of cancer cells over normal ones, mechanism of action via nonapoptotic signaling pathways, circumvention of multidrug resistance phenotype, and high activity in vivo, among others. The review also includes sections on the targeted delivery of mollusk-derived anticancer agents and solutions to their procurement in quantity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Letizia Ciavatta
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Service de Neurochirurgie, Hôpital ErasmeUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1070BrusselsBelgium
| | - Marianna Carbone
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Ernesto Mollo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Margherita Gavagnin
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB)Via Campi Flegrei 3480078PozzuoliItaly
| | - Tania Betancourt
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Ramesh Dasari
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryTexas State UniversitySan MarcosTX78666
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Cancérologie et de Toxicologie ExpérimentaleFaculté de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)1050BrusselsBelgium
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23
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Ngangbam AK, Baten A, Waters DLE, Whalan S, Benkendorff K. Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Tyrian Purple Producing Gland in a Marine Gastropod. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140725. [PMID: 26488885 PMCID: PMC4619447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicathais orbita is a marine mollusc recognised for the production of anticancer compounds that are precursors to Tyrian purple. This study aimed to assess the diversity and identity of bacteria associated with the Tyrian purple producing hypobranchial gland, in comparison with foot tissue, using a high-throughput sequencing approach. Taxonomic and phylogenetic analysis of variable region V1-V3 of 16S rRNA bacterial gene amplicons in QIIME and MEGAN were carried out. This analysis revealed a highly diverse bacterial assemblage associated with the hypobranchial gland and foot tissues of D. orbita. The dominant bacterial phylum in the 16S rRNA bacterial profiling data set was Proteobacteria followed by Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes. In comparison to the foot, the hypobranchial gland had significantly lower bacterial diversity and a different community composition, based on taxonomic assignment at the genus level. A higher abundance of indole producing Vibrio spp. and the presence of bacteria with brominating capabilities in the hypobranchial gland suggest bacteria have a potential role in biosynthesis of Tyrian purple in D. orbita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Kumar Ngangbam
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Abdul Baten
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Daniel L. E. Waters
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Steve Whalan
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Kirsten Benkendorff
- Marine Ecology Research Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
- * E-mail:
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24
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Luzzatto-Knaan T, Melnik AV, Dorrestein PC. Mass spectrometry tools and workflows for revealing microbial chemistry. Analyst 2015; 140:4949-66. [PMID: 25996313 PMCID: PMC5444374 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00171d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the time Van Leeuwenhoek was able to observe microbes through a microscope, an innovation that led to the birth of the field of microbiology, we have aimed to understand how microorganisms function, interact and communicate. The exciting progress in the development of analytical technologies and workflows has demonstrated that mass spectrometry is a very powerful technique for the interrogation of microbiology at the molecular level. In this review, we aim to highlight the available and emerging tools in mass spectrometry for microbial analysis by overviewing the methods and workflow advances for taxonomic identification, microbial interaction, dereplication and drug discovery. We emphasize their potential for future development and point out unsolved problems and future directions that would aid in the analysis of the chemistry produced by microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Luzzatto-Knaan
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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25
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Dudek M, Adams J, Swain M, Hegarty M, Huws S, Gallagher J. Metaphylogenomic and potential functionality of the limpet Patella pellucida's gastrointestinal tract microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:18819-39. [PMID: 25334059 PMCID: PMC4227249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151018819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the microbial diversity associated with the digestive tract of the seaweed grazing marine limpet Patella pellucida. Using a modified indirect DNA extraction protocol and performing metagenomic profiling based on specific prokaryotic marker genes, the abundance of bacterial groups was identified from the analyzed metagenome. The members of three significantly abundant phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were characterized through the literature and their predicted functions towards the host, as well as potential applications in the industrial environment assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dudek
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Jessica Adams
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Martin Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Matthew Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Sharon Huws
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
| | - Joe Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EE, UK.
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26
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Draft Genome Sequence of Hawaiian Sea Slug Symbiont Vibrio sp. Strain ER1A. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/4/e00820-14. [PMID: 25146136 PMCID: PMC4153486 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00820-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio are prevalent in the marine environment and are known for forming symbiotic relationships with hosts. Vibrio sp. strain ER1A is a dominant symbiont of the Hawaiian sea slug, Elysia rufescens. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Vibrio sp. ER1A.
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27
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Leal MC, Sheridan C, Osinga R, Dionísio G, Rocha RJM, Silva B, Rosa R, Calado R. Marine microorganism-invertebrate assemblages: perspectives to solve the "supply problem" in the initial steps of drug discovery. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3929-52. [PMID: 24983638 PMCID: PMC4113807 DOI: 10.3390/md12073929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical diversity associated with marine natural products (MNP) is unanimously acknowledged as the "blue gold" in the urgent quest for new drugs. Consequently, a significant increase in the discovery of MNP published in the literature has been observed in the past decades, particularly from marine invertebrates. However, it remains unclear whether target metabolites originate from the marine invertebrates themselves or from their microbial symbionts. This issue underlines critical challenges associated with the lack of biomass required to supply the early stages of the drug discovery pipeline. The present review discusses potential solutions for such challenges, with particular emphasis on innovative approaches to culture invertebrate holobionts (microorganism-invertebrate assemblages) through in toto aquaculture, together with methods for the discovery and initial production of bioactive compounds from these microbial symbionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Costa Leal
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Christopher Sheridan
- Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Pentagone 2B, 6 Avenue du Champ de Mars, Mons 7000, Belgium.
| | - Ronald Osinga
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gisela Dionísio
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Rui Jorge Miranda Rocha
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Bruna Silva
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
| | - Rui Rosa
- Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Centro de Oceanografia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, 939, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo Calado
- Departamento de Biologia & CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal.
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