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Higuera-Ciapara I, Benitez-Vindiola M, Figueroa-Yañez LJ, Martínez-Benavidez E. Polyphenols and CRISPR as Quorum Quenching Agents in Antibiotic-Resistant Foodborne Human Pathogens ( Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli 0157:H7). Foods 2024; 13:584. [PMID: 38397561 PMCID: PMC10888066 DOI: 10.3390/foods13040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens is an increasing threat to global human health. Among the most prevalent antibiotic-resistant bacteria are Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli 0157:H7. Control of these and other pathogens requires innovative approaches, i.e., discovering new molecules that will inactivate them, or render them less virulent without inducing resistance. Recently, several polyphenol molecules have been shown to possess such characteristics. Also, the use of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) approaches has recently been proposed for such purpose. This review summarizes the main findings regarding the application of both approaches to control the above-mentioned foodborne pathogens by relying on Quorum Sensing interference (Quorum Quenching) mechanisms and highlights the avenues needed for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marieva Benitez-Vindiola
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City 04510, Mexico;
| | - Luis J. Figueroa-Yañez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.F.-Y.); (E.M.-B.)
| | - Evelin Martínez-Benavidez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico; (L.J.F.-Y.); (E.M.-B.)
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2
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Higuera-Ciapara I, Benitez-Vindiola M, Figueroa-Yañez LJ, Martínez-Benavidez E. Polyphenols and CRISPR as Quorum Quenching Agents in Antibiotic-Resistant Foodborne Human Pathogens (Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli 0157:H7). Foods 2024; 13:584. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.3390/foods13040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens is an increasing threat to global human health. Among the most prevalent antibiotic-resistant bacteria are Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni and E. coli 0157:H7. Control of these and other pathogens requires innovative approaches, i.e., discovering new molecules that will inactivate them, or render them less virulent without inducing resistance. Recently, several polyphenol molecules have been shown to possess such characteristics. Also, the use of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) approaches has recently been proposed for such purpose. This review summarizes the main findings regarding the application of both approaches to control the above-mentioned foodborne pathogens by relying on Quorum Sensing interference (Quorum Quenching) mechanisms and highlights the avenues needed for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luis J. Figueroa-Yañez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Evelin Martínez-Benavidez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C., Guadalajara 44270, Jalisco, Mexico
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3
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Huq M, Wahid SUH, Istivan T. Biofilm Formation in Campylobacter concisus: The Role of the luxS Gene. Microorganisms 2023; 12:46. [PMID: 38257873 PMCID: PMC10820981 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter concisus is a bacterium that inhabits human oral cavities and is an emerging intestinal tract pathogen known to be a biofilm producer and one of the bacterial species found in dental plaque. In this study, biofilms of oral and intestinal C. concisus isolates were phenotypically characterized. The role of the luxS gene, which is linked to the regulation of biofilm formation in other pathogens, was assessed in relation to the pathogenic potential of this bacterium. Biofilm formation capacity was assessed using phenotypic assays. Oral strains were shown to be the highest producers. A luxS mutant was created by inserting a kanamycin cassette within the luxS gene of the highest biofilm-forming isolate. The loss of the polar flagellum was observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Furthermore, the luxS mutant exhibited a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in biofilm formation, motility, and its expression of flaB, in addition to the capability to invade intestinal epithelial cells, compared to the parental strain. The study concluded that C. concisus oral isolates are significantly higher biofilm producers than the intestinal isolates and that LuxS plays a role in biofilm formation, invasion, and motility in this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Huq
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Taghrid Istivan
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3083, Australia
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4
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Elgamoudi BA, Korolik V. A Guideline for Assessment and Characterization of Bacterial Biofilm Formation in the Presence of Inhibitory Compounds. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4866. [PMID: 37969760 PMCID: PMC10632153 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a zoonotic foodborne pathogen, is the worldwide leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis. Biofilms are a significant reservoir for survival and transmission of this pathogen, contributing to its overall antimicrobial resistance. Natural compounds such as essential oils, phytochemicals, polyphenolic extracts, and D-amino acids have been shown to have the potential to control biofilms formed by bacteria, including Campylobacter spp. This work presents a proposed guideline for assessing and characterizing bacterial biofilm formation in the presence of naturally occurring inhibitory molecules using C. jejuni as a model. The following protocols describe: i) biofilm formation inhibition assay, designed to assess the ability of naturally occurring molecules to inhibit the formation of biofilms; ii) biofilm dispersal assay, to assess the ability of naturally occurring inhibitory molecules to eradicate established biofilms; iii) confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), to evaluate bacterial viability in biofilms after treatment with naturally occurring inhibitory molecules and to study the structured appearance (or architecture) of biofilm before and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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5
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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
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Al Hakeem WG, Acevedo Villanueva KY, Selvaraj RK. The Development of Gut Microbiota and Its Changes Following C. jejuni Infection in Broilers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030595. [PMID: 36992178 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is home to more than millions of bacterial species. The gut bacteria coexist with the host in a symbiotic relationship that can influence the host’s metabolism, nutrition, and physiology and even module various immune functions. The commensal gut microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping the immune response and provides a continuous stimulus to maintain an activated immune system. The recent advancements in high throughput omics technologies have improved our understanding of the role of commensal bacteria in developing the immune system in chickens. Chicken meat continues to be one of the most consumed sources of protein worldwide, with the demand expected to increase significantly by the year 2050. Yet, chickens are a significant reservoir for human foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni. Understanding the interaction between the commensal bacteria and C. jejuni is essential in developing novel technologies to decrease C. jejuni load in broilers. This review aims to provide current knowledge of gut microbiota development and its interaction with the immune system in broilers. Additionally, the effect of C. jejuni infection on the gut microbiota is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ghazi Al Hakeem
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Keila Y Acevedo Villanueva
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Sterniša M, Gradišar Centa U, Drnovšek A, Remškar M, Smole Možina S. Pseudomonas fragi biofilm on stainless steel (at low temperatures) affects the survival of Campylobacter jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes and their control by a polymer molybdenum oxide nanocomposite coating. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110159. [PMID: 36924752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas spp. are widely distributed bacteria on surfaces in the food production and processing environment, where they form extracellular polymeric substance rich biofilms that interact with other bacteria. In this study, the influence of biofilm of Pseudomonas fragi ATCC 4973 on Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115 and Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 was investigated at 5 °C and 15 °C on stainless steel in broth and food homogenates (fish or chicken meat). Stainless steel was then coated with PVDF-HFP/PVP/MoO3 nanocomposite and examined for surface changes (scanning electron microscope, static contact angle, Vickers hardness and elastic modulus). The effect of the prepared nanocomposite coating on P. fragi and on L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni was evaluated in mono- and co-culture. P. fragi produced more biofilm at 15 °C than at 5 °C, especially when food homogenates were used as growth media. Co-cultivation with pathogens did not affect biofilm production by P. fragi, but significant changes were observed in L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni, resulting in a decrease and increase, respectively, in the determined number of culturable biofilm cells. The first change was probably due to competition for the surface, and the second to the oxygen gradient. Stainless steel was then coated with a PVDF-HFP/PVP/MoO3 nanocomposite, which was characterised by lower roughness and higher wettability, but lower hardness compared to uncoated stainless steel. The prepared nanocoating showed bactericidal activity when tested in phosphate buffered saline. When used in food homogenates, a reduction of over 95 % in bacterial counts was observed. An abundant biofilm of P. fragi proved protective to L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni against the functionalised nanocomposite surface when tested in food homogenates. The control of spoilage Pseudomonas spp., which are common in the food production and processing environment, is important for reducing the contamination of food with spoilage bacteria and with pathogens such as L. monocytogenes and C. jejuni, which may be present in the same environment. The PVDF-HFP/PVP/MoO3 nanocomposite showed good potential for use as a coating for food contact surfaces, but possible migration of nanoparticles from the nanocomposite coating to food should be evaluated before its commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meta Sterniša
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urška Gradišar Centa
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Laboratory for Experimental Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Aljaž Drnovšek
- Department of Thin Films and Surfaces, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Remškar
- Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Extracellular c-di-GMP Plays a Role in Biofilm Formation and Dispersion of Campylobacter jejuni. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10102030. [PMID: 36296307 PMCID: PMC9608569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-diGMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger involved in the regulation of many signalling systems in bacteria, including motility and biofilm formation. Recently, it has been reported that c-di-GMP was detected in C. jejuni DRH212; however, the presence and the role of c-di-GMP in other C. jejuni strains are unknown. Here, we investigated extracellular c-di-GMP as an environmental signal that potentially triggers biofilm formation in C. jejuni NCTC 11168 using a crystal violet-based assay, motility-based plate assay, RT-PCR and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We found that, in presence of extracellular c-di-GMP, the biofilm formation was significantly reduced (>50%) and biofilm dispersion enhanced (up to 60%) with no effect on growth. In addition, the presence of extracellular c-di-GMP promoted chemotactic motility, inhibited the adherence of C. jejuni NCTC 11168-O to Caco-2 cells and upregulated the expression of Cj1198 (luxS, encoding quarum sensing pathway component, autoinducer-2), as well as chemotaxis genes Cj0284c (cheA) and Cj0448c (tlp6). Unexpectedly, the expression of Cj0643 (cbrR), containing a GGDEF-like domain and recently identified as a potential diguanylate cyclase gene, required for the synthesis of c-di-GMP, was not affected. Our findings suggest that extracellular c-di-GMP could be involved in C. jejuni gene regulation, sensing and biofilm dispersion.
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Nennig M, Clément A, Longueval E, Bernardi T, Ragimbeau C, Tresse O. Metaphenotypes associated with recurrent genomic lineages of Campylobacter jejuni responsible for human infections in Luxembourg. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:901192. [PMID: 36160185 PMCID: PMC9490421 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.901192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of foodborne illnesses worldwide. Although considered fragile, this microaerophilic bacterium is able to survive in various challenging environments, which subsequently constitutes multiple sources of transmission for human infection. To test the assumption of acquiring specific features for adaptation and survival, we established a workflow of phenotypic tests related to the survival and the persistence of recurrent and sporadic strains. A representative collection of 83 strains isolated over 13 years from human, mammal, poultry, and environmental sources in Luxembourg, representing different spreading patterns (endemic, epidemic, and sporadic), was screened for survival to oxidative stresses, for acclimating to aerobic conditions (AC), and for persistence on abiotic surfaces. Using the cgMLST Oxford typing scheme for WGS data, the collection was classified into genomic lineages corresponding to host-generalist strains (lineages A and D, CC ST-21), host-specific strains (lineage B, CC ST-257 and lineage C, CC ST-464) and sporadic strains. We established that when a strain survives concentrations beyond 0.25 mM superoxide stress, it is six times more likely to survive hyperoxide stress and that a highly adherent strain is 14 times more likely to develop a biofilm. Surprisingly, more than half of the strains could acclimate to AC but this capacity does not explain the difference between recurrent genomic lineages and sporadic strains and the survival to oxidative stresses, while recurrent strains have a significantly higher adhesion/biofilm formation capacity than sporadic ones. From this work, the genomic lineages with more stable genomes could be characterized by a specific combination of phenotypes, called metaphenotypes. From the functional genomic analyses, the presence of a potentially functional T6SS in the strains of lineage D might explain the propensity of these strains to be strong biofilm producers. Our findings support the hypothesis that phenotypical abilities contribute to the spatio-temporal adaptation and survival of stable genomic lineages. It suggests a selection of better-adapted and persistent strains in challenging stress environments, which could explain the prevalence of these lineages in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Nennig
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- UMR-1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Clément
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Emmanuelle Longueval
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Thierry Bernardi
- BioFilm Control, Biopôle Clermont-Limagne, Saint-Beauzire, France
| | - Catherine Ragimbeau
- Epidemiology and Microbial Genomics, Laboratoire National de Santé, Dudelange, Luxembourg
- *Correspondence: Catherine Ragimbeau,
| | - Odile Tresse
- UMR-1280 PhAN, INRAE, Nantes, France
- Odile Tresse,
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Erega A, Stefanic P, Danevčič T, Smole Možina S, Mandic Mulec I. Impact of Bacillus subtilis Antibiotic Bacilysin and Campylobacter jejuni Efflux Pumps on Pathogen Survival in Mixed Biofilms. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0215622. [PMID: 35938811 PMCID: PMC9430781 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02156-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is typically found in an agricultural environment; in animals, such as birds, as an intestinal commensal; and also in food products, especially fresh poultry meat. Campylobacter interactions within mixed species biofilms are poorly understood, especially at the microscale. We have recently shown that the beneficial bacterium Bacillus subtilis reduces C. jejuni survival and biofilm formation in coculture by secreting the antibiotic bacillaene. We extend these studies here by providing evidence that besides bacillaene, the antagonistic effect of B. subtilis involves a nonribosomal peptide bacilysin and that the fully functional antagonism depends on the quorum-sensing transcriptional regulator ComA. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we also show that secreted antibiotics influence the distribution of C. jejuni and B. subtilis cells in the submerged biofilm and decrease the thickness of the pathogen's biofilm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that genes encoding structural or regulatory proteins of the efflux apparatus system (cmeF and cmeR), respectively, contribute to the survival of C. jejuni during interaction with B. subtilis PS-216. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a strong potential of B. subtilis PS-216 to reduce C. jejuni biofilm growth, which supports the application of the PS-216 strain to pathogen biofilm control. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is a prevalent cause of foodborne infections worldwide, while Bacillus subtilis as a potential probiotic represents an alternative strategy to control this alimentary infection. However, only limited literature exists on the specific mechanisms that shape interactions between B. subtilis and C. jejuni in biofilms. This study shows that in the two species biofilms, B. subtilis produces two antibiotics, bacillaene and bacilysin, that inhibit C. jejuni growth. In addition, we provide the first evidence that specific pathogen efflux pumps contribute to the defense against B. subtilis attack. Specifically, the CmeDEF pump acts during the defense against bacilysin, while CmeR-dependent overexpression of CmeABC nullifies the bacillaene attack. The role of specific B. subtilis antibiotics and these polyspecific pumps, known for providing resistance against medically relevant antibiotics, has not been studied during bacterial competition in biofilms before. Hence, this work broadens our understanding of mechanisms that shape antagonisms and defense during probiotic-pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Erega
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P. Stefanic
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T. Danevčič
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - S. Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - I. Mandic Mulec
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Microbiology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Microprocess Engineering and Technology/COMPETE, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Ma L, Feng J, Zhang J, Lu X. Campylobacter biofilms. Microbiol Res 2022; 264:127149. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Bacillus subtilis PS-216 Antagonistic Activities against Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168 Are Modulated by Temperature, Oxygen, and Growth Medium. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020289. [PMID: 35208741 PMCID: PMC8875091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni and campylobacteriosis grows, so does the need for a better understanding and control of this pathogen. We studied the interactions of C. jejuni NCTC 11168 and a potential probiotic, Bacillus subtilis PS-216, in cocultures at different starting ratios and temperatures (20 °C, 37 °C, 42 °C), under different atmospheres (aerobic, microaerobic), and in different growth media (Mueller–Hinton, chicken litter medium, chicken intestinal-content medium). Under microaerobic conditions, B. subtilis effectively inhibited the growth of C. jejuni at 42 °C (log reduction, 4.19), even when C. jejuni counts surpassed B. subtilis by 1000-fold in the starting inoculum. This inhibition was weaker at 37 °C (log reduction, 1.63), while no impact on CFUs was noted at 20 °C, which is a temperature nonpermissive of C. jejuni growth. Under aerobic conditions, B. subtilis supported C. jejuni survival. B. subtilis PS-216 inhibited the growth of C. jejuni in sterile chicken litter (4.07 log reduction) and in sterile intestinal content (2.26 log reduction). In nonsterile intestinal content, B. subtilis PS-216 was able to grow, to a lesser extent, compared to Mueller–Hinton media, still showing potential as a chicken probiotic that could be integrated into the chicken intestinal microbiota. This study showed the strong influence of environmental parameters on the variability of C. jejuni and B. subtilis interactions. Furthermore, B. subtilis PS-216 antagonism was strongest against C. jejuni NCTC 11168 under conditions that might represent conditions in the chicken environment (42 °C, microaerobic atmosphere, chicken litter medium).
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13
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Giaouris E. Relevance and Importance of Biofilms in the Resistance and Spreading of Campylobacter spp. Within the Food Chain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Elgamoudi BA, Korolik V. Campylobacter Biofilms: Potential of Natural Compounds to Disrupt Campylobacter jejuni Transmission. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12159. [PMID: 34830039 PMCID: PMC8617744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms occur naturally in many environmental niches and can be a significant reservoir of infectious microbes in zoonotically transmitted diseases such as that caused by Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. The greatest challenge in reducing the disease caused by this organism is reducing transmission of C. jejuni to humans from poultry via the food chain. Biofilms enhance the stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms they harbor and are considered to play a crucial role for Campylobacter spp. survival and transmission to humans. Unconventional approaches to control biofilms and to improve the efficacy of currently used antibiotics are urgently needed. This review summarizes the use plant- and microorganism-derived antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds such as essential oils, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), polyphenolic extracts, algae extracts, probiotic-derived factors, d-amino acids (DAs) and glycolipid biosurfactants with potential to control biofilms formed by Campylobacter, and the suggested mechanisms of their action. Further investigation and use of such natural compounds could improve preventative and remedial strategies aimed to limit the transmission of campylobacters and other human pathogens via the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassam A. Elgamoudi
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
| | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia;
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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15
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Karki AB, Ballard K, Harper C, Sheaff RJ, Fakhr MK. Staphylococcus aureus enhances biofilm formation, aerotolerance, and survival of Campylobacter strains isolated from retail meats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13837. [PMID: 34226590 PMCID: PMC8257638 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In retail meat products, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus have been reported in high prevalence. The polymicrobial interaction between Campylobacter and other bacteria could enhance Campylobacter survival during the adverse conditions encountered during retail meat processing and storage. This study was designed to investigate the potential role of S. aureus from retail meats in enhancing the survival of Campylobacter exposed to low temperature, aerobic conditions, and biofilm formation. Results indicated that viable S. aureus cells and filter-sterilized cell-free media obtained from S. aureus prolonged the survival of Campylobacter at low temperature and during aerobic conditions. Biofilm formation of Campylobacter strains was significantly enhanced in the presence of viable S. aureus cells, but the results were inconclusive when extracts from cell-free media were used. In conclusion, the presence of S. aureus cells enhances survivability of Campylobacter strains in adverse conditions such as low temperature and aerobic conditions. Further investigations are warranted to understand the interaction between Campylobacter and S. aureus, and effective intervention strategies are needed to reduce the incidence of both foodborne pathogens in retail meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand B. Karki
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Kaylee Ballard
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Claudia Harper
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Robert J. Sheaff
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
| | - Mohamed K. Fakhr
- grid.267360.60000 0001 2160 264XDepartment of Biological Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK USA
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16
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Bacillaene Mediates the Inhibitory Effect of Bacillus subtilis on Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0295520. [PMID: 33837012 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02955-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are the predominant bacterial lifestyle and can protect microorganisms from environmental stresses. Multispecies biofilms can affect the survival of enteric pathogens that contaminate food products, and thus, investigating the underlying mechanisms of multispecies biofilms is essential for food safety and human health. In this study, we investigated the ability of the natural isolate Bacillus subtilis PS-216 to restrain Campylobacter jejuni biofilm formation and adhesion to abiotic surfaces as well as to disrupt preestablished C. jejuni biofilms. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy and colony counts, we demonstrate that the presence of B. subtilis PS-216 prevents C. jejuni biofilm formation, decreases growth of the pathogen by 4.2 log10, and disperses 26-h-old preestablished C. jejuni biofilms. Furthermore, the coinoculation of B. subtilis and C. jejuni interferes with the adhesion of C. jejuni to abiotic surfaces, reducing it by 2.4 log10. We also show that contact-independent mechanisms contribute to the inhibitory effect of B. subtilis PS-216 on C. jejuni biofilm. Using B. subtilis mutants in genes coding for nonribosomal peptides and polyketides revealed that bacillaene significantly contributes to the inhibitory effect of B. subtilis PS-216. In summary, we show a strong potential for the use of B. subtilis PS-216 against C. jejuni biofilm formation and adhesion to abiotic surfaces. Our research could bring forward novel applications of B. subtilis in animal production and thus contribute to food safety. IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is an intestinal commensal in animals (including broiler chickens) but also the most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne infection in humans. This pathogen forms biofilms which enhance survival of C. jejuni in food processing and thus threaten human health. Probiotic bacteria represent a potential alternative in the prevention and control of foodborne infections. The beneficial bacterium Bacillus subtilis has an excellent probiotic potential to reduce C. jejuni in the animal gastrointestinal tract. However, data on the effect of B. subtilis on C. jejuni biofilms are scarce. Our study shows that the B. subtilis natural isolate PS-216 prevents adhesion to the abiotic surfaces and the development of submerged C. jejuni biofilm during coculture and destroys the preestablished C. jejuni biofilm. These insights are important for development of novel applications of B. subtilis that will reduce the use of antibiotics in human and animal health and increase productivity in animal breeding.
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17
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Scheik LK, Volcan Maia DS, Würfel SDFR, Ramires T, Kleinubing NR, Haubert L, Lopes GV, da Silva WP. Biofilm-forming ability of poultry Campylobacter jejuni strains in the presence and absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Can J Microbiol 2021; 67:301-309. [PMID: 33703923 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2020-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to evaluate the ability of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from a poultry slaughterhouse to form biofilm in the presence and absence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the effect of surface (stainless steel, polystyrene), temperature (7, 25, and 42 °C), and oxygen concentration (microaerophilic and aerobic conditions) on the formation of biofilm. The genes ahpC, cadF, clpP, dnaJ, docA, flaA, flaB, katA, kpsM, luxS, racR, and sodB, related to biofilm formation by C. jejuni, were also investigated. All isolates formed biofilm on stainless steel and on polystyrene, in both aerobic and microaerophilic atmospheres, including temperatures not optimal for C. jejuni growth (7 and 25 °C), and biofilm also was formed in the presence of P. aeruginosa. In dual-species biofilm on stainless steel, biofilm formation was 2-6 log CFU·cm-2 higher at 7 °C for all isolates, in comparison with monospecies biofilm. Ten genes (ahpC, cadF, clpP, dnaJ, docA, flaA, flaB, luxS, racR, and sodB) were detected in all isolates, but katA and kpsM were found in four and six isolates, respectively. The results obtained are of concern because the poultry C. jejuni isolates form biofilm in different conditions, which is enhanced in the presence of other biofilm formers, such as P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Klein Scheik
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Darla Silveira Volcan Maia
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Simone de Fátima Rauber Würfel
- Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Tassiana Ramires
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Natalie Rauber Kleinubing
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Louise Haubert
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Wladimir Padilha da Silva
- Departamento de Ciência e Tecnologia Agroindustrial, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil.,Núcleo de Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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18
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Elgamoudi BA, Taha T, Korolik V. Inhibition of Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Formation by D-Amino Acids. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E836. [PMID: 33238583 PMCID: PMC7700173 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacterial pathogens to form biofilms is an important virulence mechanism in relation to their pathogenesis and transmission. Biofilms play a crucial role in survival in unfavorable environmental conditions, acting as reservoirs of microbial contamination and antibiotic resistance. For intestinal pathogen Campylobacter jejuni, biofilms are considered to be a contributing factor in transmission through the food chain and currently, there are no known methods for intervention. Here, we present an unconventional approach to reducing biofilm formation by C. jejuni by the application of D-amino acids (DAs), and L-amino acids (LAs). We found that DAs and not LAs, except L-alanine, reduced biofilm formation by up to 70%. The treatment of C. jejuni cells with DAs changed the biofilm architecture and reduced the appearance of amyloid-like fibrils. In addition, a mixture of DAs enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of D-Cycloserine (DCS) up to 32% as compared with DCS treatment alone. Unexpectedly, D-alanine was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of other DAs as well as that of DCS. Furthermore, L-alanine and D-tryptophan decreased transcript levels of peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes alanine racemase (alr) and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase (ddlA) while D-serine was only able to decrease the transcript levels of alr. Our findings suggest that a combination of DAs could reduce biofilm formation, viability and persistence of C. jejuni through dysregulation of alr and ddlA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria Korolik
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast QLD 4222, Australia; (B.A.E.); (T.T.)
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19
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Shagieva E, Teren M, Michova H, Strakova N, Karpiskova R, Demnerova K. Adhesion, Biofilm Formation, and luxS Sequencing of Campylobacter jejuni Isolated From Water in the Czech Republic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:596613. [PMID: 33330139 PMCID: PMC7718015 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.596613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microaerophilic pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. Even though it has a reputation as a fastidious organism, C. jejuni is widespread and can be easily isolated from various animals, food, and environmental sources. It is suggested that an ability to form biofilms is probably necessary for the survival of C. jejuni under harsh environmental conditions. The first step required for successful biofilm formation is adhesion to a suitable surface. Therefore, in this work, the degree of adhesion was evaluated, followed by characterization and quantification of biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A total of 15 isolates of C. jejuni were used in the experiments (12 isolates from surface and waste waters, 1 human clinical, 1 food and 1 ACTT BAA-2151 collection strain, all samples originated from the Czech Republic). Regardless of the sample origin, all C. jejuni isolates were able to adhere to the polystyrene surface within 30 min, with the number of attached cells increasing with the time of incubation. The resulting data showed that all isolates were able to form complex voluminous biofilms after 24 h of cultivation. The average amount of biovolume ranged from 3.59 × 106 µm3 to 17.50 × 106 µm3 in isolates obtained from different sources of water, 16.79 × 106 µm3 in the food isolate and 10.92 × 106 µm3 in the collection strain. However, the highest amount of biomass was produced by the human clinical isolate (25.48 × 106 µm3). Similar to the quantity, the architecture of the biofilms also differed, from a rugged flat monolayer of cells to large clustered structures. Further, all isolates were tested for the presence of the luxS gene, as the luxS/AI-2 (autoinducer-2) quorum sensing pathway has been previously connected with enhanced biofilm formation. Two isolates originated from surface waters did not possess the luxS gene. These isolates formed thinner and sparser biofilms lacking the presence of significant clusters. However, the ability to adhere to the surface was preserved. The sequencing of the luxS-containing fragments shown a high similarity of the luxS gene among the isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Shagieva
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Teren
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hana Michova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Nicol Strakova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Renata Karpiskova
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czechia
| | - Katerina Demnerova
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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20
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Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
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21
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Chen SH, Fegan N, Kocharunchitt C, Bowman JP, Duffy LL. Changes of the bacterial community diversity on chicken carcasses through an Australian poultry processing line. Food Microbiol 2020; 86:103350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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22
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Zhong X, Wu Q, Zhang J, Ma Z, Wang J, Nie X, Ding Y, Xue L, Chen M, Wu S, Wei X, Zhang Y. Campylobacter jejuni Biofilm Formation Under Aerobic Conditions and Inhibition by ZnO Nanoparticles. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:207. [PMID: 32210924 PMCID: PMC7076088 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen worldwide. As it forms biofilms, it can become a persistent contaminant in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, it was demonstrated that C. jejuni could make more biofilm in aerobic conditions than in microaerobic conditions, and only 13.9% C. jejuni entered coccus (a VBNC state) under microaerobic conditions; however, the rate increased to 95.5% under aerobic conditions. C. jejuni could form more biofilm in mixed culture with Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas aeruginosa than in pure culture. Scanning electron microscope results showed that C. jejuni retained its normal spiral shape under aerobic conditions for 48 h by forming crosslinks with the aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. Additionally, culture medium containing 0.5 mg/ml ZnO nanoparticles inhibited biofilm formation. Our results provide information on a new approach to controlling contamination via C. jejuni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Hong Zheng Dao (China) Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Company Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Nie
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moutong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youxiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Efimochkina NR, Stetsenko VV, Sheveleva SA. Peculiarities of Biofilms Formation by Campylobacter Bacteria in Mixed Populations with Other Microbial Contaminants of Food Products. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 168:62-65. [PMID: 31748868 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Peculiarities of biofilms formation by Campylobacter bacteria in mixed populations with other microbial contaminants was studied by real-time impedance spectroscopy on an automated xCelligence real time cell analyzer (RTCA). This method is based on measuring the medium resistance in special plates (E-plates) with interdigitated microelectrodes. Coculturing of campylobacter with coliform bacteria is accompanied by film formation; the intensity of this process varies depending on the type of the test cultures and the nature of their interaction in mixed populations. Film formation by C. jejuni during co-culturing with enterobacteria is maximum during the first hours and depends on the presence of stress factors in the environment. The biomatrix film was synthesized by 3 times more intensively in the presence of oxygen than in microaerobic conditions, and also by 1.7-4.3 times more active in the mixed culture with Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae. During co-culturing of campylobacter with salmonella, no enhanced film formation by the tested strains was observed. Unlike members of the genus Enterobacter intensively producing exopolysaccharides, pathogenic member of Enterobacteriaceae, salmonella, demonstrated weak capacity to form film matrix. The study of film formation by Campylobacter allows more accurate assessment of the effectiveness of sanitary bactericidal treatment of food industry facilities, predict the appearance of biofilms and the intensity of their formation depending son the nature of the antimicrobial effect and the used means.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Efimochkina
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V V Stetsenko
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Sheveleva
- Federal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
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24
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Kerekes EB, Vidács A, Takó M, Petkovits T, Vágvölgyi C, Horváth G, Balázs VL, Krisch J. Anti-Biofilm Effect of Selected Essential Oils and Main Components on Mono- and Polymicrobic Bacterial Cultures. Microorganisms 2019; 7:E345. [PMID: 31547282 PMCID: PMC6780703 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-associated microbial communities resistant to sanitizers and antimicrobials. Various interactions that can contribute to increased resistance occur between the populations in biofilms. These relationships are the focus of a range of studies dealing with biofilm-associated infections and food spoilage. The present study investigated the effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), marjoram (Origanum majorana), and thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oils (EOs) and their main components, i.e., trans-cinnamaldehyde, terpinen-4-ol, and thymol, respectively, on single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Pseudomonas putida, and Staphylococcus aureus. In dual-species biofilms, L. monocytogenes was paired with each of the other three bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the individual bacteria ranged between 0.25 and 20 mg/mL, and trans-cinnamaldehyde and cinnamon showed the highest growth inhibitory effect. Single-species biofilms of L. monocytogenes, P. putida, and S. aureus were inhibited by the tested EOs and their components at sub-lethal concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the three-dimensional structure of mature biofilms embedded in the exopolysaccharide matrix disappeared or was limited to micro-colonies with a simplified structure. In most dual-species biofilms, to eliminate living cells from the matrix, concentrations exceeding the MIC determined for individual bacteria were required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Beáta Kerekes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary.
| | - Anita Vidács
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, H-6724 Szeged, Mars tér 7, Hungary
| | - Miklós Takó
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Tamás Petkovits
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Csaba Vágvölgyi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Horváth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Rókus utca 2, Hungary
| | | | - Judit Krisch
- Institute of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Szeged, H-6724 Szeged, Mars tér 7, Hungary
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25
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Burnham PM, Hendrixson DR. Campylobacter jejuni: collective components promoting a successful enteric lifestyle. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 16:551-565. [PMID: 29892020 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-018-0037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial diarrhoeal disease in many areas of the world. The high incidence of sporadic cases of disease in humans is largely due to its prevalence as a zoonotic agent in animals, both in agriculture and in the wild. Compared with many other enteric bacterial pathogens, C. jejuni has strict growth and nutritional requirements and lacks many virulence and colonization determinants that are typically used by bacterial pathogens to infect hosts. Instead, C. jejuni has a different collection of factors and pathways not typically associated together in enteric pathogens to establish commensalism in many animal hosts and to promote diarrhoeal disease in the human population. In this Review, we discuss the cellular architecture and structure of C. jejuni, intraspecies genotypic variation, the multiple roles of the flagellum, specific nutritional and environmental growth requirements and how these factors contribute to in vivo growth in human and avian hosts, persistent colonization and pathogenesis of diarrhoeal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Burnham
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David R Hendrixson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Kerdi S, Qamar A, Alpatova A, Ghaffour N. An in-situ technique for the direct structural characterization of biofouling in membrane filtration. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yuan L, Hansen MF, Røder HL, Wang N, Burmølle M, He G. Mixed-species biofilms in the food industry: Current knowledge and novel control strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2277-2293. [PMID: 31257907 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of microorganisms to food contact surfaces and the subsequent formation of biofilms may cause equipment damage, food spoilage and even diseases. Mixed-species biofilms are ubiquitous in the food industry and they generally exhibit higher resistance to disinfectants and antimicrobials compared to single-species biofilms. The physiology and metabolic activity of microorganisms in mixed-species biofilms are however rather complicated to study, and despite targeted research efforts, the potential role of mixed-species biofilms in food industry is still rather unexplored. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the context of bacterial social interactions in mixed-species biofilms, resistance to disinfectants, detection methods, and potential novel strategies to control the formation of mixed-species biofilms for enhanced food safety and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Frederik Hansen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Lyng Røder
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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McEvoy JP, Martin P, Khaleel A, Dissanayeke S. Titanium Kirschner Wires Resist Biofilms Better Than Stainless Steel and Hydroxyapatite-coated Wires: An In Vitro Study. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2019; 14:57-64. [PMID: 32742415 PMCID: PMC7376582 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10080-1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim External fixation surgery is frequently complicated by percutaneous pin site infection focused on the surface of the fixator pin. The primary aim of this study was to compare biofilm growth of clinically isolated pin site bacteria on Kirschner wires of different materials. Materials and methods Two commonly infecting species, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Proteus mirabilis, were isolated from patients’ pin sites. A stirred batch bioreactor was used to grow these bacteria as single culture and co-cultured biofilms on Kirschner wires made of three different materials: stainless steel, hydroxyapatite-coated steel and titanium alloy. Results We found that the surface density of viable cells within these biofilms was 3x higher on stainless steel and 4.5x higher on hydroxyapatite-coated wires than on the titanium wires. Conclusion Our results suggest that the lower rates of clinical pin site infection seen with titanium Kirschner wires are due to, at least in part, titanium’s better bacterial biofilm resistance. Clinical significance Our results are consistent with clinical studies which have found that pin site infection rates are reduced by the use of titanium relative to stainless steel or hydroxyapatite-coated pins. How to cite this article McEvoy JP, Martin P, Khaleel A, et al. Titanium Kirschner Wires Resist Biofilms Better Than Stainless Steel and Hydroxyapatite-coated Wires: An In Vitro Study. Strategies Trauma Limb Reconstr 2019;14(2):57–64.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P McEvoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Philip Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
| | - Arshad Khaleel
- Rowley Bristow Orthopaedic Unit, Ashford and St Peter's Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Chertsey, Surrey, UK
| | - Shobana Dissanayeke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, UK
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Maes S, Vackier T, Nguyen Huu S, Heyndrickx M, Steenackers H, Sampers I, Raes K, Verplaetse A, De Reu K. Occurrence and characterisation of biofilms in drinking water systems of broiler houses. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:77. [PMID: 30987581 PMCID: PMC6466764 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Water quality in the drinking water system (DWS) plays an important role in the general health and performance of broiler chickens. Conditions in the DWS of broilers are ideal for microbial biofilm formation. Since pathogens might reside within these biofilms, they serve as potential source of waterborne transmission of pathogens to livestock and humans. Knowledge about the presence, importance and composition of biofilms in the DWS of broilers is largely missing. In this study, we therefore aim to monitor the occurrence, and chemically and microbiologically characterise biofilms in the DWS of five broiler farms. Results The bacterial load after disinfection in DWSs was assessed by sampling with a flocked swab followed by enumerations of total aerobic flora (TAC) and Pseudomonas spp. The dominant flora was identified and their biofilm-forming capacity was evaluated. Also, proteins, carbohydrates and uronic acids were quantified to analyse the presence of extracellular polymeric substances of biofilms. Despite disinfection of the water and the DWS, average TAC was 6.03 ± 1.53 log CFU/20cm2. Enumerations for Pseudomonas spp. were on average 0.88 log CFU/20cm2 lower. The most identified dominant species from TAC were Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas geniculata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However at species level, most of the identified microorganisms were farm specific. Almost all the isolates belonging to the three most abundant species were strong biofilm producers. Overall, 92% of all tested microorganisms were able to form biofilm under lab conditions. Furthermore, 63% of the DWS surfaces appeared to be contaminated with microorganisms combined with at least one of the analysed chemical components, which is indicative for the presence of biofilm. Conclusions Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas geniculata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered as opportunistic pathogens and could consequently be a potential risk for animal health. Additionally, the biofilm-forming capacity of these organisms could promote attachment of other pathogens such as Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-019-1451-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Maes
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium
| | - Thijs Vackier
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Son Nguyen Huu
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hans Steenackers
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 box 2460, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imca Sampers
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Katleen Raes
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Department of Industrial Biological Sciences, Ghent University Campus Kortrijk, Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 5, 8500, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Alex Verplaetse
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Laboratory of Enzyme, Fermentation and Brewery Technology, University of Leuven, Gebroeders De Smetstraat 1, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen De Reu
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090, Melle, Belgium.
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Teh AHT, Lee SM, Dykes GA. Association of some Campylobacter jejuni with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms increases attachment under conditions mimicking those in the environment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215275. [PMID: 30970009 PMCID: PMC6457560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic bacterial species which is a major food-borne pathogen worldwide. Attachment and biofilm formation have been suggested to contribute to the survival of this fastidious bacteria in the environment. In this study the attachment of three C. jejuni strains (C. jejuni strains 2868 and 2871 isolated from poultry and ATCC 33291) to different abiotic surfaces (stainless steel, glass and polystyrene) alone or with Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on them, in air at 25°C and under static or flow conditions, were investigated using a modified Robbins Device. Bacteria were enumerated and scanning electron microscopy was carried out. The results indicated that both C. jejuni strains isolated from poultry attached better to Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on abiotic surfaces than to the surfaces alone under the different conditions tested. This suggests that biofilms of other bacterial species may passively protect C. jejuni against shear forces and potentially oxygen stress which then contribute to their persistence in environments which are detrimental to them. By contrast the C. jejuni ATCC 33291 strain did not attach differentially to P. aeruginosa biofilms, suggesting that different C. jejuni strains may have alternative strategies for persistence in the environment. This study supports the hypothesis that C. jejuni do not form biofilms per se under conditions they encounter in the environment but simply attach to surfaces or biofilms of other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Huei Teen Teh
- School of Science, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Sui Mae Lee
- School of Science, Monash University, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Gary A. Dykes
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
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Maal-Bared R, Dixon B, Axelsson-Olsson D. Fate of internalized Campylobacter jejuni and Mycobacterium avium from encysted and excysted Acanthamoeba polyphaga. Exp Parasitol 2019; 199:104-110. [PMID: 30902623 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Association of the water- and foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni with free-living Acanthamoeba spp. trophozoites enhances C. jejuni survival and resistance to biocides and starvation. When facing less than optimal environmental conditions, however, the Acanthamoeba spp. host can temporarily transform from trophozoite to cyst and back to trophozoite, calling the survival of the internalized symbiont and resulting public health risk into question. Studies investigating internalized C. jejuni survival after A. castellanii trophozoite transformation have neither been able to detect its presence inside the Acanthamoeba cyst after encystation nor to confirm its presence upon excystation of trophozoites through culture-based techniques. The purpose of this study was to detect C. jejuni and Mycobacterium avium recovered from A. polyphaga trophozoites after co-culture and induction of trophozoite encystation using three different encystation methods (Neff's medium, McMillen's medium and refrigeration), as well as after cyst excystation. Internalized M. avium was used as a positive control, since studies have consistently detected the organism after co-culture and after host excystation. Concentrations of C. jejuni in A. polyphaga trophozoites were 4.5 × 105 CFU/ml, but it was not detected by PCR or culture post-encystation. This supports the hypothesis that C. jejuni may be digested during encystation of the amoebae. M. avium was recovered at a mean concentration of 1.9 × 104 from co-cultured trophozoites and 4.4 × 101 CFU/ml after excystation. The results also suggest that M. avium recovery post-excystation was statistically significantly different based on which encystation method was used, ranging from 1.3 × 101 for Neff's medium to 5.4 × 101 CFU/ml for refrigeration. No M. avium was recovered from A. polyphaga cysts when trophozoites were encysted by McMillen's medium. Since C. jejuni internalized in cysts would be more likely to survive harsh environmental conditions and disinfection, a better understanding of potential symbioses between free-living amoebae and campylobacters in drinking water distribution systems and food processing environments is needed to protect public health. Future co-culture experiments examining survival of internalized C. jejuni should carefully consider the encystation media used, and include molecular detection tools to falsify the hypothesis that C. jejuni may be present in a viable but not culturable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Maal-Bared
- Centre for Research on Environmental Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Faculty of Medicine, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Brent Dixon
- Bureau of Microbial Hazards, Food Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
| | - Diana Axelsson-Olsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
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Lamas A, Regal P, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilm formation: a comparative assessment from farm to fork. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4014-4032. [PMID: 29424050 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It takes several steps to bring food from the farm to the fork (dining table), and contamination with food-borne pathogens can occur at any point in the process. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the main microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease in the EU. These two pathogens are able to persist throughout the food supply chain thanks to their ability to form biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence of Salmonella and especially of Campylobacter in the food supply chain and the huge efforts of food authorities to reduce these levels, it is of great importance to fully understand their mechanisms of persistence. Diverse studies have evaluated the biofilm-forming capacity of foodborne pathogens isolated at different steps of food production. Nonetheless, the principal obstacle of these studies is to reproduce the real conditions that microorganisms encounter in the food supply chain. While there are a wide number of Salmonella biofilm studies, information on Campylobacter biofilms is still limited. A comparison between the two microorganisms could help to develop new research in the field of Campylobacter biofilms. Therefore, this review evaluates relevant work in the field of Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilms and the applicability of the data obtained from these studies to real working conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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Harada LK, Silva EC, Campos WF, Del Fiol FS, Vila M, Dąbrowska K, Krylov VN, Balcão VM. Biotechnological applications of bacteriophages: State of the art. Microbiol Res 2018; 212-213:38-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ma L, Feng S, Fuente-Núñez CDL, Hancock REW, Lu X. Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers To Block Quorum Sensing and Inhibit Bacterial Biofilm Formation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18450-18457. [PMID: 29767954 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are responsible for most clinical infections and show increased antimicrobial resistance. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were developed to specifically capture prototypical quorum sensing autoinducers [i.e., N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12AHL)], interrupt quorum sensing, and subsequently inhibit biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important human nosocomial pathogen. The synthesis of MIPs was optimized by considering the amount and type of the functional monomers itaconic acid (IA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). IA-based MIPs showed high adsorption affinity toward 3-oxo-C12AHL with an imprinting factor of 1.68. Compared to IA-based MIPs, the adsorption capacity of HEMA-based MIPs was improved fivefold. HEMA-based MIPs significantly reduced biofilm formation (by ∼65%), whereas biofilm suppression by IA-based MIPs was neutralized because of increased bacterial attachment. The developed MIPs represent promising alternative biofilm intervention agents that can be applied to surfaces relevant to clinical settings and food processing equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Shaolong Feng
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - César de la Fuente-Núñez
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z4 , Canada
- Synthetic Biology Group, MIT Synthetic Biology Center; The Center for Microbiome Informatics and Therapeutics; Research Laboratory of Electronics, Department of Biological Engineering, and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver V6T 1Z4 , Canada
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems , The University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia V6T 1Z4 , Canada
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Klančnik A, Zorko Š, Toplak N, Kovač M, Bucar F, Jeršek B, Smole Možina S. Antiadhesion activity of juniper (Juniperus communis L.) preparations against Campylobacter jejuni evaluated with PCR-based methods. Phytother Res 2017; 32:542-550. [PMID: 29266487 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The food-borne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni can cause bacterial gastrointestinal infections. Biofilm formation amplifies the risk of human infection by improving survival and persistence of C. jejuni in food processing environments and its transmission through the food chain. We aimed to control C. jejuni using an alternative strategy of low doses of Juniperus communis fruit preparations to target bacterial adhesion properties in the first step of biofilm formation. First, we defined the anti-Campylobacter activity of a juniper fruit crude extract and its fractionated biflavonoids, flavone glycosides, and purified amentoflavone, of juniper fruit essential oil and of juniper fruit postdistillation waste material extract. For accurate quantification of adherent C. jejuni, we optimised digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR for construction of standard curves and quantification. We show for the first time that juniper fruit formulations can effectively inhibit adhesion of C. jejuni to polystyrene. Furthermore, ≥94% of the antiadhesion activity of juniper fruit crude extract and juniper fruit essential oil remained under food-related conditions: modified culture medium with glucose, or a stainless steel surface, or mixed co-cultures of C. jejuni and Listeria monocytogenes. This study indicates that addition of juniper fruit formulations can control growth and adhesion of C. jejuni and thus limit food chain transmission of campylobacters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Klančnik
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Špela Zorko
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | | - Franz Bucar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Jeršek
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Smole Možina
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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In Vitro Culturing and Storage of Campylobacter Genus Bacteria. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 164:68-74. [PMID: 29119393 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3927-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Experimental model for in vitro evaluation of Campylobacter genus bacteria growth kinetics, inhibition, or inactivation is proposed. The model allows quantitative evaluation of the sensitivity to various types of stress exposure and promotes detection of the regularities of their transformation into uncultivable forms. The model implies the use of 96-well plates for parallel culturing of several subpopulations of the test strain in media with various parameters. The proposed algorithm includes evaluation of the proportion of viable CFU to total level of planktonic and uncultivable cells in the population, which is estimated by the content of genomic DNA in the samples by quantitative PCR (or real-time PCR) with ciaB, cdtB, or 16S rRNA primers. The presence of biofilm matrix is detected by the intensity of staining of polystyrene plates. This model can be used for evaluation of the most significant types of exposure, including low-dose antibacterial treatment, promoting the formation of stable microorganism variants. The model has been used to study the effects of culturing conditions on the characteristics of C. jejuni populations. The most characteristic feature of C. jejuni is reduction of the count of viable cells up to complete disappearance of cultivable forms under favorable conditions of growth. The level of viable cells in the populations decreased 10-fold and more, on average, after 48-h incubation. Not all strains exhibit this property, some strains retain their viability, which is detected by the culturing method, and contributes to biofilm formation.
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Campylobacter jejuni survival in a poultry processing plant environment. Food Microbiol 2017; 65:185-192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Melo RT, Mendonça EP, Monteiro GP, Siqueira MC, Pereira CB, Peres PABM, Fernandez H, Rossi DA. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspects on Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1332. [PMID: 28769900 PMCID: PMC5513903 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm represents a way of life that allows greater survival of microorganisms in hostile habitats. Campylobacter jejuni is able to form biofilms in vitro and on surfaces at several points in the poultry production chain. Genetic determinants related to their formation are expressed differently between strains and external conditions are decisive in this respect. Our approach combines phylogenetic analysis and the presence of seven specific genes linked to biofilm formation in association with traditional microbiology techniques, using Mueller Hinton and chicken juice as substrates in order to quantify, classify, determine the composition and morphology of the biomass of simple and mixed biofilms of 30 C. jejuni strains. It also evaluates the inhibition of its formation by biocides commonly used in industry and also by zinc oxide nanoparticles. Genetic analysis showed high heterogeneity with the identification of 23 pulsotypes. Despite the diversity, the presence of flaA, cadF, luxS, dnaJ, htrA, cbrA, and sodB genes in all strains shows the high potential for biofilm formation. This ability was only expressed in chicken juice, where they presented phenotype of a strong biofilm producer, with a mean count of 7.37 log CFU/mL and an ultrastructure characteristic of mature biofilm. The composition of simple and mixed biofilms was predominantly composed by proteins. The exceptions were found in mixed biofilms with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which includes a carbohydrate-rich matrix, lower ability to sessile form in chicken juice and compact architecture of the biofilm, this aspects are intrinsic to this species. Hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, and peracetic acid were more effective in controlling viable cells of C. jejuni in biofilm, but the existence of tolerant strains indicates exposure to sublethal concentrations and development of adaptation mechanisms. This study shows that in chicken juice C. jejuni presents greater potential in producing mature biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta T. Melo
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliane P. Mendonça
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P. Monteiro
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Siqueira
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Clara B. Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Phelipe A. B. M. Peres
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heriberto Fernandez
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Universidad Austral de ChileValdivia, Chile
| | - Daise A. Rossi
- Laboratory of Applied Animal Biotechnology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology, Federal University of UberlândiaUberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Efimochkina NR, Bykova IB, Markova YM, Korotkevich YV, Stetsenko VV, Minaeva LP, Sheveleva SA. Formation of Biofilms by Foodborne Pathogens and Development of Laboratory In Vitro Model for the Study of Campylobacter Genus Bacteria Based on These Biofilms. Bull Exp Biol Med 2017; 162:474-478. [PMID: 28243912 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-017-3643-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the formation of biofilms by 7 strains of Campylobacter genus bacteria and 18 strains of Enterobacteriaceae genus bacteria that were isolated from plant and animal raw materials, from finished products, and swabs from the equipment of the food industry. Biofilm formation on glass plates, slides and coverslips, microtubes made of polymeric materials and Petri dishes, and polystyrene plates of different profiles were analyzed. When studying the process of films formation, different effects on bacterial populations were simulated, including variation of growth factor composition of culture media, technique of creating of anaerobiosis, and biocide treatment (active chlorine solutions in a concentration of 100 mg/dm3). The formation of biofilms by the studied cultures was assessed by the formation of extracellular matrix stained with aniline dyes on glass and polystyrene surfaces after incubation; 0.1% crystal violet solution was used as the dye. The presence and density of biomatrix were assessed by staining intensity of the surfaces of contact with broth cultures or by optical density of the stained inoculum on a spectrophotometer. Biofilms were formed by 57% Campylobacter strains and 44% Enterobacteriaceae strains. The intensity of the film formation depended on culturing conditions and protocols, species and genus of studied isolates, and largely on adhesion properties of abiotic surfaces. In 30% of Enterobacteriaceae strains, the biofilm formation capacity tended to increase under the influence of chlorine-containing biocide solutions. Thus, we developed and tested under laboratory conditions a plate version of in vitro chromogenic model for evaluation of biofilm formation capacity of C. jejuni strains and studied stress responses to negative environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Efimochkina
- Federal Research Centre of Food, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia.
| | - I B Bykova
- Federal Research Centre of Food, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu M Markova
- Federal Research Centre of Food, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu V Korotkevich
- Federal Research Centre of Food, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Stetsenko
- Federal Research Centre of Food, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - L P Minaeva
- Federal Research Centre of Food, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Sheveleva
- Federal Research Centre of Food, Biotechnology, and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
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40
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Sultana ST, Call DR, Beyenal H. Maltodextrin enhances biofilm elimination by electrochemical scaffold. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36003. [PMID: 27782161 PMCID: PMC5080540 DOI: 10.1038/srep36003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical scaffolds (e-scaffolds) continuously generate low concentrations of H2O2 suitable for damaging wound biofilms without damaging host tissue. Nevertheless, retarded diffusion combined with H2O2 degradation can limit the efficacy of this potentially important clinical tool. H2O2 diffusion into biofilms and bacterial cells can be increased by damaging the biofilm structure or by activating membrane transportation channels by exposure to hyperosmotic agents. We hypothesized that e-scaffolds would be more effective against Acinetobacter baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in the presence of a hyperosmotic agent. E-scaffolds polarized at -600 mVAg/AgCl were overlaid onto preformed biofilms in media containing various maltodextrin concentrations. E-scaffold alone decreased A. baumannii and S. aureus biofilm cell densities by (3.92 ± 0.15) log and (2.31 ± 0.12) log, respectively. Compared to untreated biofilms, the efficacy of the e-scaffold increased to a maximum (8.27 ± 0.05) log reduction in A. baumannii and (4.71 ± 0.12) log reduction in S. aureus biofilm cell densities upon 10 mM and 30 mM maltodextrin addition, respectively. Overall ~55% decrease in relative biofilm surface coverage was achieved for both species. We conclude that combined treatment with electrochemically generated H2O2 from an e-scaffold and maltodextrin is more effective in decreasing viable biofilm cell density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujala T. Sultana
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, WA, USA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, WA, USA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, 99164, WA, USA
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41
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Feng J, Lamour G, Xue R, Mirvakliki MN, Hatzikiriakos SG, Xu J, Li H, Wang S, Lu X. Chemical, physical and morphological properties of bacterial biofilms affect survival of encased Campylobacter jejuni F38011 under aerobic stress. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 238:172-182. [PMID: 27648759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a microaerophilic pathogen and leading cause of human gastroenteritis. The presence of C. jejuni encased in biofilms found in meat and poultry processing facilities may be the major strategy for its survival and dissemination in aerobic environment. In this study, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mixed with C. jejuni F38011 as a culture to form dual-species biofilms. After 4days' exposure to aerobic stress, no viable C. jejuni cells could be detected from mono-species C. jejuni biofilm. In contrast, at least 4.7logCFU/cm2 of viable C. jejuni cells existed in some dual-species biofilms. To elucidate the mechanism of protection mode, chemical, physical and morphological features of biofilms were characterized. Dual-species biofilms contained a higher level of extracellular polymeric substances with a more diversified chemical composition, especially for polysaccharides and proteins, than mono-species C. jejuni biofilm. Structure of dual-species biofilms was more compact and their surface was >8 times smoother than mono-species C. jejuni biofilm, as indicated by atomic force microscopy. Under desiccation stress, water content of dual-species biofilms decreased slowly and remained at higher levels for a longer time than mono-species C. jejuni biofilm. The surface of all biofilms was hydrophilic, but total surface energy of dual-species biofilms (ranging from 52.5 to 56.2mJ/m2) was lower than that of mono-species C. jejuni biofilm, leading to more resistance to wetting by polar liquids. This knowledge can aid in developing intervention strategies to decrease the survival and dispersal of C. jejuni into foods or environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Feng
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lamour
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rui Xue
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Mehr Negar Mirvakliki
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Savvas G Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, United States
| | - Hongbin Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- Food, Nutrition, and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Oh E, Kim JC, Jeon B. Stimulation of biofilm formation by oxidative stress in Campylobacter jejuni under aerobic conditions. Virulence 2016; 7:846-51. [PMID: 27268722 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1197471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Euna Oh
- a School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
| | - Jong-Chul Kim
- a School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- a School of Public Health, University of Alberta , Edmonton , AB , Canada
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43
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Mortensen NP, Mercier KA, McRitchie S, Cavallo TB, Pathmasiri W, Stewart D, Sumner SJ. Microfluidics meets metabolomics to reveal the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical pathways. Biomed Microdevices 2016; 18:51. [PMID: 27231016 PMCID: PMC4939818 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-016-0076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices that are currently being used in pharmaceutical research also have a significant potential for utilization in investigating exposure to infectious agents. We have established a microfluidic device cultured with Caco-2 cells, and utilized metabolomics to investigate the biochemical responses to the bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni. In the microfluidic devices, Caco-2 cells polarize at day 5, are uniform, have defined brush borders and tight junctions, and form a mucus layer. Metabolomics analysis of cell culture media collected from both Caco-2 cell culture systems demonstrated a more metabolic homogenous biochemical profile in the media collected from microfluidic devices, compared with media collected from transwells. GeneGo pathway mapping indicated that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis was perturbed by fluid flow, suggesting that fluid dynamics and shear stress impacts the cells translational quality control. Both microfluidic device and transwell culturing systems were used to investigate the impact of Campylobacter jejuni infection on biochemical processes. Caco-2 cells cultured in either system were infected at day 5 with C. jejuni 81-176 for 48 h. Metabolomics analysis clearly differentiated C. jejuni 81-176 infected and non-infected medias collected from the microfluidic devices, and demonstrated that C. jejuni 81-176 infection in microfluidic devices impacts branched-chain amino acid metabolism, glycolysis, and gluconeogenesis. In contrast, no distinction was seen in the biochemical profiles of infected versus non-infected media collected from cells cultured in transwells. Microfluidic culturing conditions demonstrated a more metabolically homogenous cell population, and present the opportunity for studying host-pathogen interactions for extended periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninell P Mortensen
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Kelly A Mercier
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan McRitchie
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Tammy B Cavallo
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Delisha Stewart
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA
| | - Susan J Sumner
- Systems and Translational Sciences Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
- NIH Eastern Regional Comprehensive Metabolomics Resource Core, Systems and Translational Sciences, RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709-2194, USA.
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44
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Culotti A, Packman AI. Pseudomonas aeruginosafacilitatesCampylobacter jejunigrowth in biofilms under oxic flow conditions. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv136. [DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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45
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Indikova I, Humphrey TJ, Hilbert F. Survival with a Helping Hand: Campylobacter and Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1266. [PMID: 26617600 PMCID: PMC4637420 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most important bacterial food-borne disease in the developed world. Consumption of chicken meat, beef or raw milk, direct contact with ruminants and exposure to contaminated surface water or even consumption of tap water have been identified as risk factors for human disease. However, the most important risk factor is consumption of and/or handling contaminated chicken. Campylobacter spp. are fastidious microorganisms but must somehow survive outside the host, especially in food and agricultural environments and also resist the innate and humoral immune responses inside the host. In this paper we hypothesize that other microorganisms in mixed populations with Campylobacter may act to improve survival outside the host and may also protect the pathogen against the intestinal immune system. Our evidence for this hypothesis is based on: 1. newly generated microbial community analysis; 2. the prolonged survival of Campylobacter in mixed species biofilms and in co-culture with environmental bacteria; 3. improved survival in amoebae and rumen fluid; 4. sulfur release and iron uptake systems within the intestinal lumen. This would make Campylobacter an exceptional food-borne pathogen. With this in mind, new strategies are necessary to combat Campylobacter along the total food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Indikova
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom J. Humphrey
- Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Group, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Friederike Hilbert
- Institute of Meat Hygiene, Meat Technology and Food Science, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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46
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Sultana ST, Atci E, Babauta JT, Mohamed Falghoush A, Snekvik KR, Call DR, Beyenal H. Electrochemical scaffold generates localized, low concentration of hydrogen peroxide that inhibits bacterial pathogens and biofilms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14908. [PMID: 26464174 PMCID: PMC4604468 DOI: 10.1038/srep14908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that low concentrations of H2O2 could be generated through the electrochemical conversion of oxygen by applying an electric potential to a conductive scaffold and produce a low, but constant, concentration of H2O2 that would be sufficient to destroy biofilms. To test our hypothesis we used a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain, because this species is often implicated in difficult-to-treat biofilm infections. We used conductive carbon fabric as the scaffold material ("e-scaffold"). In vitro experiments demonstrated the production of a maximum constant concentration of ~25 μM H2O2 near the e-scaffold surface. An e-scaffold was overlaid onto an existing A. baumannii biofilm, and within 24 h there was a ~4-log reduction in viable bacteria with an ~80% decrease in biofilm surface coverage. A similar procedure was used to overlay an e-scaffold onto an existing A. baumannii biofilm that was grown on a porcine explant. After 24 h, there was a ~3-log reduction in viable bacteria from the infected porcine explants with no observable damage to the underlying mammalian tissue based on a viability assay and histology. This research establishes a novel foundation for an alternative antibiotic-free wound dressing to eliminate biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujala T. Sultana
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Erhan Atci
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Jerome T. Babauta
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Azeza Mohamed Falghoush
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Kevin R. Snekvik
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Douglas R. Call
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
| | - Haluk Beyenal
- School of Chemical Engineering & Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman 99163, WA
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47
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Turonova H, Briandet R, Rodrigues R, Hernould M, Hayek N, Stintzi A, Pazlarova J, Tresse O. Biofilm spatial organization by the emerging pathogen Campylobacter jejuni: comparison between NCTC 11168 and 81-176 strains under microaerobic and oxygen-enriched conditions. Front Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26217332 PMCID: PMC4499754 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last years, Campylobacter has emerged as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne infections in developed countries. Described as an obligate microaerophile, Campylobacter has puzzled scientists by surviving a wide range of environmental oxidative stresses on foods farm to retail, and thereafter intestinal transit and oxidative damage from macrophages to cause human infection. In this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to explore the biofilm development of two well-described Campylobacter jejuni strains (NCTC 11168 and 81-176) prior to or during cultivation under oxygen-enriched conditions. Quantitative and qualitative appraisal indicated that C. jejuni formed finger-like biofilm structures with an open ultrastructure for 81-176 and a multilayer-like structure for NCTC 11168 under microaerobic conditions (MAC). The presence of motile cells within the biofilm confirmed the maturation of the C. jejuni 81-176 biofilm. Acclimation of cells to oxygen-enriched conditions led to significant enhancement of biofilm formation during the early stages of the process. Exposure to these conditions during biofilm cultivation induced an even greater biofilm development for both strains, indicating that oxygen demand for biofilm formation is higher than for planktonic growth counterparts. Overexpression of cosR in the poorer biofilm-forming strain, NCTC 11168, enhanced biofilm development dramatically by promoting an open ultrastructure similar to that observed for 81-176. Consequently, the regulator CosR is likely to be a key protein in the maturation of C. jejuni biofilm, although it is not linked to oxygen stimulation. These unexpected data advocate challenging studies by reconsidering the paradigm of fastidious requirements for C. jejuni growth when various subpopulations (from quiescent to motile cells) coexist in biofilms. These findings constitute a clear example of a survival strategy used by this emerging human pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Turonova
- SECALIM UMR1014, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Nantes, France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes Nantes, France ; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romain Briandet
- MICALIS UMR1319, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Massy, France
| | - Ramila Rodrigues
- SECALIM UMR1014, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Nantes, France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes Nantes, France
| | | | - Nabil Hayek
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jarmila Pazlarova
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Odile Tresse
- SECALIM UMR1014, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Nantes, France ; LUNAM Université, Oniris, Université de Nantes Nantes, France
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48
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Campylobacter jejuni biofilm cells become viable but non-culturable (VBNC) in low nutrient conditions at 4 °C more quickly than their planktonic counterparts. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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49
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Drozd M, Chandrashekhar K, Rajashekara G. Polyphosphate-mediated modulation of Campylobacter jejuni biofilm growth and stability. Virulence 2015; 5:680-90. [PMID: 25127528 DOI: 10.4161/viru.34348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms increase C. jejuni's resilience to detergents, antibiotics, and environmental stressors. In these investigations, we studied the modulation of biofilm in response to phosphate related stressors. We found that the deletion of ppk1, phoX, and ppk2 (polyphosphate associated [poly P] genes) in C. jejuni modulated different stages of biofilm formation such as attached microcolonies, air-liquid biofilms, and biofilm shedding. Additionally, inorganic phosphate also modulated attached microcolonies, air-liquid biofilms, and biofilm shedding both independently of and additively in the poly P associated mutants. Furthermore, we observed that these different biofilm stages were affected by biofilm age: for example, the adherent microcolonies were maximum on day 2, while biofilm growth at the air-liquid interface and shedding was highest on day 3. Also, we observed altered calcofluor white reactive polysaccharides in poly P-associated mutants, as well as increased secretion of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum sensing molecules in the ∆ppk2 mutant. Further, the polysaccharide and flagellar biosynthesis genes, that are associated with biofilm formation, were altered in these poly P-associated mutants. We conclude that the phosphate limiting condition modulates C. jejuni biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Drozd
- Food Animal Health Research Program; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; The Ohio State University; Wooster, OH USA
| | - Kshipra Chandrashekhar
- Food Animal Health Research Program; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; The Ohio State University; Wooster, OH USA
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- Food Animal Health Research Program; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine; The Ohio State University; Wooster, OH USA
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50
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Ghorbanalizadgan M, Bakhshi B, Kazemnejad Lili A, Najar-Peerayeh S, Nikmanesh B. A molecular survey of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli virulence and diversity. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2015; 18:158-64. [PMID: 24842142 PMCID: PMC4048480 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1359.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of virulence-associated genes and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) analysis of Campylobacter spp. isolated from children with diarrhea in Iran. Methods: A total of 200 stool specimens were obtained from children under 5 years during July 2012 to July 2013. Detection of C. jejuni and C. coli was performed by standard biochemical and molecular methods. The presence of virulence-associated genes and genetic diversity of isolates was examined using PCR and ERIC-PCR analyses. Results: A total of 12 (6%) Campylobacter spp. were isolated from patients including 10 (4.5%) C. jejuni and 2 (1.5%) C.coli. The flaA, cadF and ciaB genes were present in 100% of isolates, while no plasmid of virB11 gene was present in their genome. The prevalence of invasion-associated marker was 100% among C. coli and was not detected in C. jejuni isolates. The distribution of both pldA and the genes associated with cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) was 58.3% in C. jejuni isolates. Seven distinct ERIC-PCR profiles were distinguished in three clusters using ERIC-PCR analysis. Genotyping analysis showed a relative correlation with geographic location of patients and virulence gene content of isolates. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first molecular survey of Campylobacter spp. in Iran concerning genotyping and virulence gene content of both C. jejuni and C. coli. ERIC-PCR revealed appropriate discriminatory power for clustering C. jejuni isolates with identical virulence gene content. However, more studies are needed to clearly understand the pathogenesis properties of specific genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ghorbanalizadgan
- Dept. of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Dept. of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Dept. of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Nikmanesh
- Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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