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Titouche Y, Akkou M, Djaoui Y, Mechoub D, Fatihi A, Campaña-Burguet A, Bouchez P, Bouhier L, Houali K, Torres C, Nia Y, Hennekinne JA. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in healthy dairy cows in Algeria: antibiotic resistance, enterotoxin genes and biofilm formation. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:247. [PMID: 38849892 PMCID: PMC11157847 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04103-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus can colonize and infect a variety of animal species. In dairy herds, it is one of the leading causes of mastitis cases. The objective of this study was to characterize the S. aureus isolates recovered from nasal swabs of 249 healthy cows and 21 breeders of 21 dairy farms located in two provinces of Algeria (Tizi Ouzou and Bouira). METHODS The detection of enterotoxin genes was investigated by multiplex PCRs. Resistance of recovered isolates to 8 antimicrobial agents was determined by disc-diffusion method. The slime production and biofilm formation of S. aureus isolates were assessed using congo-red agar (CRA) and microtiter-plate assay. Molecular characterization of selected isolates was carried out by spa-typing and Multi-Locus-Sequence-Typing (MLST). RESULTS S. aureus was detected in 30/249 (12%) and 6/13 (28.6%) of nasal swabs in cows and breeders, respectively, and a total of 72 isolates were recovered from positive samples (59 isolates from cows and 13 from breeders). Twenty-six of these isolates (36.1%) harbored genes encoding for staphylococcal enterotoxins, including 17/59 (28.8%) isolates from cows and 9/13 (69.2%) from breeders. Moreover, 49.1% and 92.3% of isolates from cows and breeders, respectively, showed penicillin resistance. All isolates were considered as methicillin-susceptible (MSSA). Forty-five (76.3%) of the isolates from cows were slime producers and 52 (88.1%) of them had the ability to form biofilm in microtiter plates. Evidence of a possible zoonotic transmission was observed in two farms, since S. aureus isolates recovered in these farms from cows and breeders belonged to the same clonal lineage (CC15-ST15-t084 or CC30-ST34-t2228). CONCLUSIONS Although healthy cows in this study did not harbor methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates, the nares of healthy cows could be a reservoir of enterotoxigenic and biofilm producing isolates which could have implications in human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Titouche
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria.
| | - Madjid Akkou
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies Related to Animal Reproduction, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University of Saad Dahlab, Blida 1.Blida, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Yasmina Djaoui
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Donia Mechoub
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Abdelhak Fatihi
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Allelen Campaña-Burguet
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Pascal Bouchez
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Laurence Bouhier
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
| | - Karim Houali
- Laboratory of Analytical Biochemistry and Biotechnology (LABAB), University Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Yacine Nia
- Laboratory For Food Safety, University Paris Est, Maisons-Alfort, Paris, France, Anses, F-94700, France
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Sharan M, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Bedi JS, Gill JPS. Biofilms as a microbial hazard in the food industry: A scoping review. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2210-2234. [PMID: 35945912 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyze the literature published during 2001-2020 on biofilm formation of microbes, their detection methods, and association with antimicrobial resistance (if any). The peer-reviewed articles retrieved from 04 electronic databases were assessed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From the 978 preliminary search results, a total of 88 publications were included in the study. On analysis, the commonly isolated pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens. The biofilm-forming ability of microbes was found to be influenced by various factors such as attachment surfaces, temperature, presence of other species, nutrient availability etc. A total of 18 studies characterized the biofilm-forming genes, particularly for S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In most studies, polystyrene plate and/or stainless-steel coupons were used for biofilm formation, and the detection was carried out by crystal violet assays and/or by plate counting method. The strain-specific significant differences in biofilm formation were observed in many studies, and few studies carried out analysis of multi-species biofilms. The association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance wasn't clearly defined. Further, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form of the foodborne pathogens is posing an unseen (by conventional cultivation techniques) but potent threat food safety. The present review recommends the need for carrying out systematic surveys and risk analysis of biofilms in food chain to highlight the evidence-based public health concerns, especially in regions where microbiological food hazards are quite prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Sharan
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.,Present Address: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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Jiang L, Jiang Y, Liu W, Zheng R, Li C. Characterization of the Lytic Phage Flora With a Broad Host Range Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Evaluation of Its Efficacy Against E. coli Biofilm Formation. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:906973. [PMID: 35769322 PMCID: PMC9234663 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.906973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that is distributed widely throughout the world; it is mainly found in contaminated food, the poultry industry, and animal feces. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli poses a threat to human and animal health, which has led to renewed interest in phage-based therapy. E. coli biofilm control and prevention are of great importance. In this study, the isolated phages Flora and KM18 were found to belong to the family Myoviridae; the optimal preservation buffer was pH = 6~7, and the phage genome sizes were 168,909 (Flora) and 168,903 (KM18) bp. Phage Flora had a broader lytic spectrum than KM18. Phage Flora had a better antibiofilm effect than kanamycin sulfate in high-concentration E. coli cultures. A combination of the phage Flora and kanamycin sulfate showed better antibiofilm effects than Flora or kanamycin sulfate alone in low-concentration E. coli cultures. These characteristics can serve as a guideline for the selection of effective candidates for phage therapy, in this case antibiotic-resistant E. coli control in the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yaxian Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The First People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-Efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chenghua Li
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Azara E, Longheu CM, Attene S, Sanna S, Sale M, Addis MF, Tola S. Comparative profiling of agr locus, virulence, and biofilm-production genes of human and ovine non-aureus staphylococci. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:212. [PMID: 35655210 PMCID: PMC9161600 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In a collaboration between animal and human health care professionals, we assessed the genetic characteristics shared by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) infecting humans and dairy ewes to investigate their relatedness in a region concentrating half of the total National sheep stock. We examined by PCR 125 ovine and 70 human NAS for biofilm production, pyrogenic toxins, adhesins, autolysins genes, and accessory gene regulator (agr) locus. The microtiter plate assay (MPA) was used for the phenotypic screening of biofilm production. Ovine NAS included S. epidermidis, S. chromogenes, S. haemolyticus, S. simulans, S. caprae, S. warneri, S. saprophyticus, S. intermedius, and S. muscae. Human NAS included S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. lugdunensis, S. capitis, S. warneri, S. xylosus, S. pasteuri, and S. saprophyticus subsp. bovis. Results Phenotypically, 41 (32.8%) ovine and 24 (34.3%) human isolates were characterized as biofilm producers. Of the ovine isolates, 12 were classified as biofilm-producing while the remaining 29 as weak biofilm-producing. All 24 human isolates were considered weak biofilm-producing. Few S. epidermidis isolates harbored the icaA/D genes coding for the polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), while the bhp, aap, and embp genes coding biofilm accumulation proteins were present in both non-producing and biofilm-producing isolates. Fifty-nine sheep NAS (all S. epidermidis, 1 S. chromogenes, and 1 S. haemolyticus) and 27 human NAS (all S. epidermidis and 1 S. warneri) were positive for the agr locus: agr-3se (57.8%) followed by agr-1se (36.8%) predominated in sheep, while agr-1se (65.4%), followed by agr-2se (34.6%) predominated in humans. Concerning virulence genes, 40, 39.2, 47.2%, 52.8, 80 and 43.2% of the sheep isolates carried atlE, aae, sdrF, sdrG, eno and epbS respectively, against 37.1, 42.8, 32.8, 60, 100 and 100% of human isolates. Enterotoxins and tsst were not detected. Conclusions Considerable variation in biofilm formation ability was observed among NAS isolates from ovine and human samples. S. epidermidis was the best biofilm producer with the highest prevalence of adhesin-encoding genes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03257-w.
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Ganesan S, Ruendee T, Kimura SY, Chawengkijwanich C, Janjaroen D. Effect of biofilm formation on different types of plastic shopping bags: Structural and physicochemical properties. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 206:112542. [PMID: 34929185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plastics and biofilms have a complicated relationship that has great interest. Bacterial cell attachment and biofilm formation is considered to cause health and environmental risks from plastic waste accumulation. In water, plastic waste could serve as a new substrate for bacteria. In our study, the attachment of Escherichia coli K12, to four types of plastic shopping bags (biodegradable polylactic acid and the non-biodegradable polypropylene, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride) was investigated. The change in physicochemical phenomena of each plastic, such as reduced hydrophobicity and higher exopolysaccharide concentrations (total extractable protein and carbohydrate) resulted in increased biofilm content on the plastic surfaces. The bacterial colonization of different plastic surfaces controls the ionic strength of the nutrition sources. The adhesion of Escherichia coli K12 cells on the surfaces were revealed by SEM images. The finding shows that increases surface roughness, besides favor for adhesion of bacterial cells due to hydrophobicity leading to a rapid attachment of Escherichia coli K12 on the surfaces. In addition, we used Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory to predict the attachment of Escherichia coli K12, which gave result of adhesion due to the high energy barrier. This present study added to our knowledge of the possible consequences of plastics acting as a new habitat for microbes in different aquatic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunantha Ganesan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Thanaporn Ruendee
- International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Susana Y Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Chamorn Chawengkijwanich
- National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Dao Janjaroen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; International Program in Hazardous Substance and Environmental Management, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Network of NANOTEC - CU on Environment, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Research Program of Industrial Waste Management - Policies and Practices, Center of Excellence on Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, Thailand.
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Fergestad ME, Touzain F, De Vliegher S, De Visscher A, Thiry D, Ngassam Tchamba C, Mainil JG, L’Abee-Lund T, Blanchard Y, Wasteson Y. Whole Genome Sequencing of Staphylococci Isolated From Bovine Milk Samples. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:715851. [PMID: 34987483 PMCID: PMC8721127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are among the commonly isolated bacteria from intramammary infections in bovines, where Staphylococcus aureus is the most studied species. This species carries a variety of virulence genes, contributing to bacterial survival and spread. Less is known about non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) and their range of virulence genes and mechanisms, but they are the most frequently isolated bacteria from bovine milk. Staphylococci can also carry a range of antimicrobial resistance genes, complicating treatment of the infections they cause. We used Illumina sequencing to whole genome sequence 93 staphylococcal isolates selected from a collection of staphylococcal isolates; 45 S. aureus isolates and 48 NAS isolates from 16 different species, determining their content of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes. Antimicrobial resistance genes were frequently observed in the NAS species as a group compared to S. aureus. However, the lincosamide resistance gene lnuA and penicillin resistance gene blaZ were frequently identified in NAS, as well as a small number of S. aureus. The erm genes conferring macrolide resistance were also identified in several NAS isolates and in a small number of S. aureus isolates. In most S. aureus isolates, no antimicrobial resistance genes were detected, but in five S. aureus isolates three to six resistance genes were identified and all five of these carried the mecA gene. Virulence genes were more frequently identified in S. aureus, which contained on average five times more virulence genes compared to NAS. Among the NAS species there were also differences in content of virulence genes, such as S. chromogenes with a higher average number of virulence genes. By determining the content of a large selection of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes in S. aureus and 16 different NAS species our results contribute with knowledge regarding the genetic basis for virulence and antimicrobial resistance in bovine staphylococci, especially the less studied NAS. The results can create a broader basis for further research into the virulence mechanisms of this important group of bacteria in bovine intramammary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte Ekeland Fergestad
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fabrice Touzain
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Sarne De Vliegher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anneleen De Visscher
- M-team and Mastitis and Milk Quality Research Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics, and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Damien Thiry
- Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Centre, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Cyrille Ngassam Tchamba
- Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Centre, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques G. Mainil
- Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH Research Centre, Liège University, Liège, Belgium
| | - Trine L’Abee-Lund
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yannick Blanchard
- Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort Laboratory, Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety, Ploufragan, France
| | - Yngvild Wasteson
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Yngvild Wasteson,
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Shahid AH, Nazir KNH, El Zowalaty ME, Kabir A, Sarker SA, Siddique MP, Ashour HM. Molecular detection of vancomycin and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food processing environments. One Health 2021; 13:100276. [PMID: 34409147 PMCID: PMC8361190 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a well-known foodborne pathogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of S. aureus isolated from serving utensils in food processing environments in Mymensingh city, Bangladesh and to determine their antibiogram and resistance determinants. A total of 120 environmental samples were collected from different food settings. Isolation and identification were conducted using conventional biochemical tests. Molecular identification of isolates and detection of methicillin and vancomycin resistance were done using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting Tuf, nuc, mecA, and mecC genes. Antibiotic sensitivity tests were performed, and resistance genes were also detected by amplifying bla TEM , vanA, vanB, and vanC genes. Among the 120 samples, 81 (67.5%) were positive for Staphylococcus spp. and 41 (50.62%) were positive for the nuc-gene. Among the 41 isolates, 5 (12.20%) were positive for mecA, but none were positive for the mecC gene. A total of 12.2% of the isolates were vanC-positive, of which 4 isolates (9.76%) were also positive for the mecA gene. Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that all S. aureus isolates (100%) from hotel samples were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, 90.32% were sensitive to doxycycline, and 80.65% were sensitive to streptomycin. Conversely, all isolates (100%) were resistant to ampicillin, and 29.03% were resistant to vancomycin. All S. aureus isolates obtained from non-hotel samples were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, meropenem, and vancomycin; however, 40% of isolates were resistant to novobiocin. Among the hotel isolates, 29 (93.55%) of the ampicillin-resistant isolates harbored the blaTEM gene while 5 (55.55%) of the vancomycin-resistant isolates harbored the vanC gene. Four of the five vanC positive isolates were also positive for the mecA gene. The presence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) which is also vancomycin-resistant in food processing environments is a threat to public health. This is the first report on the molecular detection of methicillin and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus isolated from food processing environments in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahosanul H. Shahid
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - K.H.M. Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohamed E. El Zowalaty
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ajran Kabir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Shahjahan A. Sarker
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul P. Siddique
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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Li Z, Zhou J, Yuan X, Xu Y, Xu D, Zhang D, Feng D, Wang F. Marine Biofilms with Significant Corrosion Inhibition Performance by Secreting Extracellular Polymeric Substances. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47272-47282. [PMID: 34570482 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of environmentally friendly and sustainable corrosion protection technologies is a longstanding yet difficult problem, especially for the marine environment. The utilization of living biofilms isolated from local environments is an effective strategy for infrastructure protection. In this study, three aerobic marine bacteria, Tenacibaculum mesophilum D-6, Tenacibaculum litoreum W-4, and Bacillus sp. Y-6, with strong biofilm-forming abilities were isolated and evaluated for the corrosion protection of X80 carbon steel. The corrosion inhibitory effect of the bacteria was found to be closely related to their biofilm-forming abilities. This conclusion was corroborated by biofilm characterization, electrochemical tests, weight loss analysis, and corrosion product analysis. Moreover, secreted extracellular polymeric substances were identified to play significant roles in corrosion inhibition. Herein, we proposed a novel, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method for corrosion protection of carbon steels in the marine environment, providing guiding principles for identifying corrosion inhibitory bacteria from the local marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Dake Xu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- BRI Southeast Asia Network for Corrosion and Protection (MOE), Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Danqing Feng
- State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Fuhui Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
- Electrobiomaterials Institute, Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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Fatima S, Ali K, Ahmed B, Al Kheraif AA, Syed A, Elgorban AM, Musarrat J, Lee J. Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Inhibitory Effects against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Human Oral Cavity Isolates of Rothia mucilaginosa, Georgenia sp. and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1564. [PMID: 34683856 PMCID: PMC8540964 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial cells embedded in biofilm matrices can lead to the development of chronic cariogenesis. Here, we isolated and identified three Gram-positive MDR oral cocci, (1) SJM-04, (2) SJM-38, and (3) SJM-65, and characterized them morphologically, biochemically, and by 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis as Georgenia sp., Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Rothia mucilaginosa, respectively. These three oral isolates exhibited antibiotic-resistance against nalidixic acid, tetracycline, cefuroxime, methicillin, and ceftazidime. Furthermore, these Gram positive MDR oral cocci showed significant (p < 0.05) variations in their biofilm forming ability under different physicochemical conditions, that is, at temperatures of 28, 30, and 42 °C, pH of 6.4, 7.4, and 8.4, and NaCl concentrations from 200 to 1000 µg/mL. Exposure of oral isolates to TiO2NPs (14.7 nm) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced planktonic cell viability and biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner, which was confirmed by observing biofilm architecture by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy. Overall, these results have important implications for the use of tetragonal anatase phase TiO2NPs (size range 5-25 nm, crystalline size 13.7 nm, and spherical shape) as an oral antibiofilm agent against Gram positive cocci infections. We suggest that TiO2NPs pave the way for further applications in oral mouthwash formulations and antibiofilm dental coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Fatima
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Khursheed Ali
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Bilal Ahmed
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Abdallah M. Elgorban
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.S.); (A.M.E.)
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India; (S.F.); (J.M.)
| | - Jintae Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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10
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Elekhnawy EA, Sonbol FI, Elbanna TE, Abdelaziz AA. Evaluation of the impact of adaptation of Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates to benzalkonium chloride on biofilm formation. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00170-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The percentage of the multidrug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates is increasing worldwide. The excessive exposure of K. pneumoniae isolates to sublethal concentrations of biocides like benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in health care settings and communities could be one of the causes contributing in the global spread of antibiotic resistance.
Results
We collected 50 K. pneumoniae isolates and these isolates were daily exposed to gradually increasing sublethal concentrations of BAC. The consequence of adaptation to BAC on the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) and biofilm formation of K. pneumoniae isolates was explored. Remarkably, 16% of the tested isolates showed an increase in the cell surface hydrophobicity and 26% displayed an enhanced biofilm formation. To evaluate whether the influence of BAC adaptation on the biofilm formation was demonstrated at the transcriptional level, the RT-PCR was employed. Noteworthy, we found that 60% of the tested isolates exhibited an overexpression of the biofilm gene (bssS). After sequencing of this gene in K. pneumoniae isolates before and after BAC adaptation and performing pairwise alignment, 100% identity was detected; a finding that means the absence of mutation after adaptation to BAC.
Conclusion
This study suggests that the widespread and increased use of biocides like BAC at sublethal concentrations has led to an increase biofilm formation by K. pneumoniae isolates. Enhanced biofilm formation could result in treatment failure of the infections generated by this pathogen.
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Efficacy of a Next Generation Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Sanitizer on Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas Biofilms and Practical Application in a Food Processing Environment. Appl Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol1010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens are known to adhere strongly to surfaces and can form biofilms in food processing facilities; therefore, their potential to contaminate manufactured foods underscores the importance of sanitation. The objectives of this study were to (1) examine the efficacy of a new-generation sanitizer (Decon7) on Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas biofilms, (2) identify biofilm bacteria from workers’ boots in relation to previous sanitizer chemistry, (3) validate the efficacy of Decon7 on biofilm from workers’ boots from an abattoir/food processing environment, and (4) compare the sensitivity of isolated boot biofilm bacteria to new- and early (Bi-Quat)-generation QAC sanitizers. Decon7 was applied at two concentrations (5%, 10%) and was shown to be effective within 1 min of exposure against enhanced biofilms of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. in 96-well microplates. Decon7 was also used to treat workers’ boots that had accumulated high levels of biofilm bacteria due to ineffective sanitization. Bacteria isolated before enzyme/sanitizer treatment were identified through 16S rRNA PCR and DNA sequencing. All treatments were carried out in triplicate and analyzed by one-way RM-ANOVA or ANOVA using the Holm–Sidak test for pairwise multiple comparisons to determine significant differences (p < 0.05). The data show a significant difference between Decon7 sanitizer treatment and untreated control groups. There was a ~4–5 log reduction in Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. (microplate assay) within the first 1 min of treatment and also a > 3-log reduction in the bacterial population observed in the biofilms from workers’ boots. The new next-generation QAC sanitizers are more effective than prior QAC sanitizers, and enzyme pre-treatment can facilitate biofilm sanitizer penetration on food contact surfaces. The rotation of sanitizer chemistries may prevent the selective retention of chemistry-tolerant microorganisms in processing facilities.
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12
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Senobar Tahaei SA, Stájer A, Barrak I, Ostorházi E, Szabó D, Gajdács M. Correlation Between Biofilm-Formation and the Antibiotic Resistant Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: A Laboratory-Based Study in Hungary and a Review of the Literature. Infect Drug Resist 2021. [PMID: 33790586 DOI: 10.2147/idrs303992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important causative pathogen in human infections. The production of biofilms by bacteria is an important factor, leading to treatment failures. There has been significant interest in assessing the possible relationship between the multidrug-resistant (MDR) status and the biofilm-producer phenotype in bacteria. The aim of our present study was to assess the biofilm-production rates in clinical methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] and methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] isolates from Hungarian hospitals and the correlation between resistance characteristics and their biofilm-forming capacity. METHODS A total of three hundred (n=300) S. aureus isolates (corresponding to MSSA and MRSA isolates in equal measure) were included in this study. Identification of the isolates was carried out using the VITEK 2 ID/AST system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests, confirmation of MRSA status was carried out using PBP2a agglutination assay. Biofilm-production was assessed using the crystal violet (CV) tube-adherence method and the Congo red agar (CRA) plate method. RESULTS There were significant differences among MSSA and MRSA isolates regarding susceptibility-levels to commonly used antibiotics (in case of erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin: p<0.001, gentamicin: p=0.023, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: p=0.027, rifampin: p=0.037). In the CV tube adherence-assay, 37% (n=56) of MSSA and 39% (n=58) of MRSA isolates were positive for biofilm-production, while during the use of CRA plates, 41% (n=61) of MSSA and 44% (n=66) of MRSA were positive; no associations were found between methicillin-resistance and biofilm-production. On the other hand, erythromycin, clindamycin and rifampin resistance was associated with biofilm-positivity (p=0.004, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Biofilm-positive isolates were most common from catheter-associated infections. DISCUSSION Our study emphasizes the need for additional experiments to assess the role biofilms have in the pathogenesis of implant-associated and chronic S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Askhan Senobar Tahaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Ibrahim Barrak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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13
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Senobar Tahaei SA, Stájer A, Barrak I, Ostorházi E, Szabó D, Gajdács M. Correlation Between Biofilm-Formation and the Antibiotic Resistant Phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates: A Laboratory-Based Study in Hungary and a Review of the Literature. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1155-1168. [PMID: 33790586 PMCID: PMC8001189 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s303992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important causative pathogen in human infections. The production of biofilms by bacteria is an important factor, leading to treatment failures. There has been significant interest in assessing the possible relationship between the multidrug-resistant (MDR) status and the biofilm-producer phenotype in bacteria. The aim of our present study was to assess the biofilm-production rates in clinical methicillin-susceptible S. aureus [MSSA] and methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA] isolates from Hungarian hospitals and the correlation between resistance characteristics and their biofilm-forming capacity. Methods A total of three hundred (n=300) S. aureus isolates (corresponding to MSSA and MRSA isolates in equal measure) were included in this study. Identification of the isolates was carried out using the VITEK 2 ID/AST system and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests, confirmation of MRSA status was carried out using PBP2a agglutination assay. Biofilm-production was assessed using the crystal violet (CV) tube-adherence method and the Congo red agar (CRA) plate method. Results There were significant differences among MSSA and MRSA isolates regarding susceptibility-levels to commonly used antibiotics (in case of erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin: p<0.001, gentamicin: p=0.023, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim: p=0.027, rifampin: p=0.037). In the CV tube adherence-assay, 37% (n=56) of MSSA and 39% (n=58) of MRSA isolates were positive for biofilm-production, while during the use of CRA plates, 41% (n=61) of MSSA and 44% (n=66) of MRSA were positive; no associations were found between methicillin-resistance and biofilm-production. On the other hand, erythromycin, clindamycin and rifampin resistance was associated with biofilm-positivity (p=0.004, p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Biofilm-positive isolates were most common from catheter-associated infections. Discussion Our study emphasizes the need for additional experiments to assess the role biofilms have in the pathogenesis of implant-associated and chronic S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Askhan Senobar Tahaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Anette Stájer
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Ibrahim Barrak
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Eszter Ostorházi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Dóra Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, 6720, Hungary.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary
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14
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Zand E, Pfanner H, Domig KJ, Sinn G, Zunabovic-Pichler M, Jaeger H. Biofilm-Forming Ability of Microbacterium lacticum and Staphylococcus capitis Considering Physicochemical and Topographical Surface Properties. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030611. [PMID: 33805651 PMCID: PMC8001712 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm characteristics of Microbacterium lacticum D84 (M. lacticum) and Staphylococcus capitis subsp. capitis (S. capitis) on polytetrafluoroethylene and AISI-304 stainless steel at early- (24, 48 h) and late-stage (144, 192 h) biofilm formation were investigated. M. lacticum biofilm structure was more developed compared to S. capitis, representing vastly mature biofilms with a strongly developed amorphous matrix, possibly extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), at late-stage biofilm formation. S. capitis showed faster growth behavior but still resulted in a relatively flat biofilm structure. Strong correlations were found between several roughness parameters and S. capitis surface coverage (r ≥ 0.98), and between total surface free energy (γs) and S. capitis surface coverage (r = 0.89), while M. lacticum remained mostly unaffected. The pronounced ubiquitous biofilm characteristics make M. lacticum D84 a suitable model for biofilm research. Studying biofilm formation of these bacteria may help one understand bacterial adhesion on interfaces and hence reduce biofilm formation in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zand
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Hedwig Pfanner
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
| | - Konrad J. Domig
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gerhard Sinn
- Institute of Physics and Material Sciences, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Marija Zunabovic-Pichler
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Henry Jaeger
- Institute of Food Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), 1190 Vienna, Austria; (E.Z.); (H.P.); (H.J.)
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15
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Rachmawati D, Kuntaman K, Alimsardjono L. The Correlation between icaA and icaD Genes with Biofilm Formation Staphylococcus epidermidis In Vitro. FOLIA MEDICA INDONESIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/fmi.v55i4.24388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to identify the presence of icaA and icaD genes in S. epidermidis and to analyze the relationship between the presence of icaA and icaD genes with the ability of in vitro biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. S. epidermidis isolates from patients and healthy people were collected and PCR was examined to detect icaA and icaD genes. which then continued to examine the ability of biofilm formation by the method of Congo Red Agar. The results of this genotypic and phenotypic examination were then tested for correlation with statistical tests using SPSS 23.0. A total of 40 S. epidermidis isolates were collected, consisting of 20 clinical isolates and 20 isolates of normal flora. The icaA gene was positive in 5 isolates (12.5%), and 8 isolates (20%) were positive for the icaD gene, 3 isolates with icaA and icaD were both positive. One hundred percent of isolates with icaA or icaD positively formed biofilms, but there were 15 isolates (42.9%) who did not have the icaA gene but showed the ability to form biofilms, while 12 isolates (37.5%) who did not have the icaD gene also formed biofilms. Fifty percent of S. epidermidis isolates showed the ability to form biofilms at CRA. The Fisher Exact test showed a significant relationship between the icaA gene and the ability of biofilm formation (p=0.047 (p<0.05)) as well as the icaD gene (p=0.03 (p<0.05)). The icaA and icaD genes have a significant relationship to biofilm formation in S. epidermidis. There was another mechanism in the formation of biofilms that are not dependent on the ica gene.
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16
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Naorem RS, Blom J, Fekete C. Genome-wide comparison of four MRSA clinical isolates from Germany and Hungary. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10185. [PMID: 33520430 PMCID: PMC7811285 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a drug-resistant pathogen, capable of colonizing diverse ecological niches and causing a broad spectrum of infections related to a community and healthcare. In this study, we choose four methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) clinical isolates from Germany and Hungary based on our previous polyphasic characterization finding. We assumed that the selected strains have a different genetic background in terms of the presence of resistance and virulence genes, prophages, plasmids, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes that may play a crucial role in niche adaptation and pathogenesis. To clarify these assumptions, we performed a comparative genome analysis of these strains and observed many differences in their genomic compositions. The Hungarian isolates (SA H27 and SA H32) with ST22-SCCmec type IVa have fewer genes for multiple-drug resistance, virulence, and prophages reported in Germany isolates. Germany isolate, SA G6 acquires aminoglycoside (ant(6)-Ia and aph(3’)-III) and nucleoside (sat-4) resistance genes via phage transduction and may determine its pathogenic potential. The comparative genome study allowed the segregation of isolates of geographical origin and differentiation of the clinical isolates from the commensal isolates. This study suggested that Germany and Hungarian isolates are genetically diverse and showing variation among them due to the gain or loss of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). An interesting finding is the addition of SA G6 genome responsible for the drastic decline of the core/pan-genome ratio curve and causing the pan-genome to open wider. Functional characterizations revealed that S. aureus isolates survival are maintained by the amino acids catabolism and favor adaptation to growing in a protein-rich medium. The dispersible and singleton genes content of S. aureus genomes allows us to understand the genetic variation among the CC5 and CC22 groups. The strains with the same genetic background were clustered together, which suggests that these strains are highly alike; however, comparative genome analysis exposed that the acquisition of phage elements, and plasmids through the events of MGEs transfer contribute to differences in their phenotypic characters. This comparative genome analysis would improve the knowledge about the pathogenic S. aureus strain’s characterization, and responsible for clinically important phenotypic differences among the S. aureus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romen Singh Naorem
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics & Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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17
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Hadi J, Wu S, Brightwell G. Antimicrobial Blue Light versus Pathogenic Bacteria: Mechanism, Application in the Food Industry, Hurdle Technologies and Potential Resistance. Foods 2020; 9:E1895. [PMID: 33353056 PMCID: PMC7767196 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blue light primarily exhibits antimicrobial activity through the activation of endogenous photosensitizers, which leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that attack components of bacterial cells. Current data show that blue light is innocuous on the skin, but may inflict photo-damage to the eyes. Laboratory measurements indicate that antimicrobial blue light has minimal effects on the sensorial and nutritional properties of foods, although future research using human panels is required to ascertain these findings. Food properties also affect the efficacy of antimicrobial blue light, with attenuation or enhancement of the bactericidal activity observed in the presence of absorptive materials (for example, proteins on meats) or photosensitizers (for example, riboflavin in milk), respectively. Blue light can also be coupled with other treatments, such as polyphenols, essential oils and organic acids. While complete resistance to blue light has not been reported, isolated evidence suggests that bacterial tolerance to blue light may occur over time, especially through gene mutations, although at a slower rate than antibiotic resistance. Future studies can aim at characterizing the amount and type of intracellular photosensitizers across bacterial species and at assessing the oxygen-independent mechanism of blue light-for example, the inactivation of spoilage bacteria in vacuum-packed meats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Hadi
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Shuyan Wu
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Gale Brightwell
- AgResearch Ltd., Hopkirk Research Institute, Cnr University and Library Road, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.H.); (S.W.)
- New Zealand Food Safety Science and Research Centre, Tennent Drive, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
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18
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The staphylococcal exopolysaccharide PIA - Biosynthesis and role in biofilm formation, colonization, and infection. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020. [PMID: 33240473 DOI: 10.1016/jcsbj202010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Exopolysaccharide is a key part of the extracellular matrix that contributes to important mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity, most notably biofilm formation and immune evasion. In the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as in many other staphylococcal species, the only exopolysaccharide is polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a cationic, partially deacetylated homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, whose biosynthetic machinery is encoded in the ica locus. PIA production is strongly dependent on environmental conditions and controlled by many regulatory systems. PIA contributes significantly to staphylococcal biofilm formation and immune evasion mechanisms, such as resistance to antimicrobial peptides and ingestion and killing by phagocytes, and presence of the ica genes is associated with infectivity. Due to its role in pathogenesis, PIA has raised considerable interest as a potential vaccine component or target.
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19
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Nguyen HTT, Nguyen TH, Otto M. The staphylococcal exopolysaccharide PIA - Biosynthesis and role in biofilm formation, colonization, and infection. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:3324-3334. [PMID: 33240473 PMCID: PMC7674160 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PIA is a key extracellular matrix component in staphylococci and other bacteria. PIA is a cationic, partially deacetylated N-acetylglucosamine polymer. PIA has a major role in bacterial biofilms and biofilm-associated infection.
Exopolysaccharide is a key part of the extracellular matrix that contributes to important mechanisms of bacterial pathogenicity, most notably biofilm formation and immune evasion. In the human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis, as well as in many other staphylococcal species, the only exopolysaccharide is polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a cationic, partially deacetylated homopolymer of N-acetylglucosamine, whose biosynthetic machinery is encoded in the ica locus. PIA production is strongly dependent on environmental conditions and controlled by many regulatory systems. PIA contributes significantly to staphylococcal biofilm formation and immune evasion mechanisms, such as resistance to antimicrobial peptides and ingestion and killing by phagocytes, and presence of the ica genes is associated with infectivity. Due to its role in pathogenesis, PIA has raised considerable interest as a potential vaccine component or target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai T T Nguyen
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA.,School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City, Khu Pho 6, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuan H Nguyen
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA
| | - Michael Otto
- Pathogen Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Bacteriology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Bethesda 20814, MD, USA
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20
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W Figueira L, de Oliveira JR, Netto AA, S Zamarioli LD, Marcucci MC, Camargo SE, de Oliveira LD. Curcuma longa L. helps macrophages to control opportunistic micro-organisms during host-microbe interactions. Future Microbiol 2020; 15:1237-1248. [PMID: 33026878 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2019-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Plant products have been evaluated to control opportunistic micro-organisms, as well as fortify immune system cells. Thus, Curcuma longa L. (turmeric) extract was evaluated in interactions of murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, in order to establish cooperation with defense cells. Materials & methods: Effects of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the plant extract were analyzed on phagocytosis, cell viability of RAW 264.7 and production of inflammation-related molecules (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and NO). Results: The plant extract was cytocompatible and promoted significant reductions of micro-organisms, and synthesis of inflammation-related molecules, during interactions. Conclusion: C. longa L. extract showed significant antimicrobial response and cooperation with macrophages, by fighting bacteria and yeasts during host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro W Figueira
- Department of Biosciences & Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science & Technology, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP 2245-000, Brazil
| | - Jonatas R de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences & Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science & Technology, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP 2245-000, Brazil.,School of Medicine, Anhembi Morumbi University, Av. Dep. Benedito Matarazzo, 4050, São José dos Campos, SP 12230-002, Brazil
| | - Amandio Al Netto
- Anhanguera University, Av. Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3305. São Paulo, SP 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Lucas Dos S Zamarioli
- Department of Mode of Drug Action, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Institute of Pharmacology & Molecular Biology, Rua Três de Maio, 100 São Paulo, SP 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Maria C Marcucci
- Anhanguera University, Av. Raimundo Pereira de Magalhães, 3305. São Paulo, SP 05145-200, Brazil
| | - Samira Ea Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Luciane D de Oliveira
- Department of Biosciences & Oral Diagnosis, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science & Technology, Av. Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, São José dos Campos, SP 2245-000, Brazil
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21
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Silva JR, Mello GS, Moraes TP, Moreira LM, Gonçalves TG, Timm CD. Phenotypic characterization of
Staphylococcus aureus
isolated from foods of animal origin and other related sources. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rosin Silva
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - Greyce Silveira Mello
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - Thamíris Pereira Moraes
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - Lauren Machado Moreira
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - Thaís Gonçalves Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
| | - Cláudio Dias Timm
- Laboratório de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) Pelotas Rio Grande do Sul Brasil
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22
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Naorem RS, Urban P, Goswami G, Fekete C. Characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus through genomics approach. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:401. [PMID: 32864286 PMCID: PMC7441129 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, a total of 35 S. aureus isolates collected from two different geographical locations viz., Germany and Hungary were tested for their methicillin-resistant phenotype which revealed a high incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. The quantitative test for biofilm production revealed that 73.3% of isolates were biofilm producers. The isolates were further characterized using a set of biochemical and genotypic methods such as amplification and analysis of S. aureus species-specific sequence and mecA gene. The 33 mecA positive isolates were then characterized by the amplification of SCCmec and pvl toxin genes. Further, based on the biofilm-forming phenotype, 15 isolates were selected and characterized through PCR–RFLP of coa gene, polymorphism of spa gene and amplification of biofilm-associated genes. The dendrogram prepared from the results of both biochemical and genotypic analyses of the 15 isolates showed that except for the isolates SA G5 and SA H29, the rest of the isolates grouped themselves according to their locations. Thus, the two isolates were selected for further characterization through whole-genome sequencing. Comparative genome analysis revealed that SA G5 and SA H29 have 97.20% ANI values with 2344 gene clusters (core-genome) of which 16 genes were related to antibiotic resistance genes and 57 genes encode virulence factors. The highest numbers of singleton genes were found in SA H29 that encodes proteins for virulence, resistance, mobile elements, and lanthionine biosynthesis. The high-resolution phylogenetic trees generated based on shared proteins and SNPs revealed a clear difference between the two strains and can be useful in distinguishing closely related genomes. The present study demonstrated that the whole-genome sequence analysis technique is required to get a better insight into the MRSA strains which would be helpful in improving diagnostic investigations in real-time to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romen Singh Naorem
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Peter Urban
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Group, Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
| | - Gunajit Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, 786004 Assam India
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7624 Hungary
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Gounani Z, Şen Karaman D, Venu AP, Cheng F, Rosenholm JM. Coculture of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on cell derived matrix - An in vitro model of biofilms in infected wounds. J Microbiol Methods 2020; 175:105994. [PMID: 32593628 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2020.105994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms are major complications of various chronic infections. Therefore, in vitro biorelevant polymicrobial biofilm models are essential tools for medical studies. This study presents an in vitro model for dual species biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus developed on cell-derived matrices (CDMs), in order to simulate the microenvironment of in vivo biofilms. P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are two of the most frequent pathogens in polymicrobial biofilms of wound infections. Although they are commonly isolated from polymicrobial biofilms, their interaction is antagonistic; and there is severe battle between them for nutrients and space. We introduced a nutritious formulation supporting co-cultures of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in order to study the interaction of these gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that the enrichment of tryptic soy broth (TSB) with NaCl and glucose facilitate dual-species biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus when it is mixed with fetal bovine serum (FBS). Furthermore, the dual species biofilm was incubated on CDMs. Characterization of the model by fluorescent and electron microscopy techniques revealed realistic features of chronic multi-species biofilms, including competitive distribution pattern of two bacterial species and small-colony variants (SCVs) morphology of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Gounani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland; Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20500, Finland.
| | - Didem Şen Karaman
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Arun P Venu
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Fang Cheng
- Cell Biology, Biosciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jessica M Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku 20520, Finland.
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Lianou A, Nychas GJE, Koutsoumanis KP. Strain variability in biofilm formation: A food safety and quality perspective. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109424. [PMID: 33233106 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inherent differences in microbial behavior among identically treated strains of the same microbial species, referred to as "strain variability", are regarded as an important source of variability in microbiological studies. Biofilms are defined as the structured multicellular communities with complex architecture that enable microorganisms to grow adhered to abiotic or living surfaces and constitute a fundamental aspect of microbial ecology. The research studies assessing the strain variability in biofilm formation are relatively few compared to the ones evaluating other aspects of microbial behavior such as virulence, growth and stress resistance. Among the available research data on intra-species variability in biofilm formation, compiled and discussed in the present review, most of them refer to foodborne pathogens as compared to spoilage microorganisms. Molecular and physiological aspects of biofilm formation potentially related to strain-specific responses, as well as information on the characterization and quantitative description of this type of biological variability are presented and discussed. Despite the considerable amount of available information on the strain variability in biofilm formation, there are certain data gaps and still-existing challenges that future research should cover and address. Current and future advances in systems biology and omics technologies are expected to aid significantly in the explanation of phenotypic strain variability, including biofilm formation variability, allowing for its integration in microbiological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lianou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - George-John E Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Konstantinos P Koutsoumanis
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece.
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25
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Kyriakopoulos AM, Nagl M, Orth-Höller D, Marcinkiewicz J, Baliou S, Zoumbourlis V. Successful treatment of a unique chronic multi-bacterial scalp infection with N-chlorotaurine, N-bromotaurine and bromamine T. Access Microbiol 2020; 2:acmi000126. [PMID: 32974590 PMCID: PMC7497830 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial species can act in synergy to circumvent environmental stress conditions and survive. In addition, biofilms are a serious public-health issue globally and constitute a clinical emergency. Infection persistence, increased morbidity and mortality, and antibiotic resistance are consequences of poly-microbial synergy. Due to inherited complexity and synergy between numerous species, newer antimicrobial agents of increased efficacy and tolerability are needed. In this unique medical case, a chronic (9 year) multi-bacterial scalp infection was differentially diagnosed from other inflammatory skin disorders by prolonged microbiological culture. The bacterial species found seem to have caused lesions of visible biofilm not documented previously in the medical literature. This complicated infection was treated successfully and rapidly with the combined topical application of the active halogen compounds N-chlorotaurine, N-bromotaurine and bromamine T, which is in contrast to the previous failed systemic and topical therapeutic approaches. This study strengthens the case for the use of active halogen compounds against multi-bacterial infections of the skin in the future, without the occurrence of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Nagl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stella Baliou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vasileos Konstantinou Str., Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumbourlis
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vasileos Konstantinou Str., Athens, Greece
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26
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Vaezi SS, Poorazizi E, Tahmourespour A, Aminsharei F. Application of artificial neural networks to describe the combined effect of pH, time, NaCl and ethanol concentrations on the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Microb Pathog 2020; 141:103986. [PMID: 31972270 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.103986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are organized communities, adherent to the surface and resistant to adverse environmental and antimicrobial agents. So, its control is very important. Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen with the biofilm-forming ability that causes numerous problems in the medicine and food industry. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of pH, ethanol and NaCl concentrations after 24 and 48 h incubation times at 37 °C, also modeling the results with artificial neural network (ANN). For this purpose, after both incubation times, the effect of each parameter was studied, separately and also in combination at the levels in which the highest biofilm was formed. All results were modeled using multiple ANN and compared in terms of R-value and MSE. The highest biofilm formation ability was in neutral pH. Adding the ethanol and NaCl stimulated biofilm formation, but the inhibitory effect was observed at high concentrations of ethanol and NaCl and very acidic or highly alkaline pH levels. The more incubation time also led to an increase in biofilm formation. Eventually, the Feed-Forward, Back-Propagation Neural Network model with the Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm and 4-12-1 topology was chosen (R-value = 0.995 and validation MSE = 0.011467). This ANN had high modeling ability because there was a high correlation between experimental data and modeling data. Therefore, it was concluded that pH, ethanol, NaCl, and time are effective parameters in the biofilm formation and there is a nonlinear relationship between these factors that the ANN is capable of modeling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayedeh Saleheh Vaezi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Elahe Poorazizi
- Department of Biochemistry, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Arezoo Tahmourespour
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran; Department of Basic Medical Science, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Farham Aminsharei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Health, Safety & Environment, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
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Abstract
Biofilm formation on indwelling medical devices represents an exclusive evasion mechanism for many pathogenic bacteria to establish chronic infections. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the major bacterial pathogens that are able to induce both animal and human infections. The continued emergence of multiple drug-resistant S. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus, is problematic due to limited treatment options. Biofilm formation by S. aureus complicates the treatment of methicillin-resistant S. aureus infections. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms of biofilm formation in this pathogen is important for the development of alternative therapeutic strategies. Various environmental and genetic factors contribute to biofilm formation. In this review, we address the environmental factors and discuss how they affect biofilm formation by S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, China
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinduo Ji
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food poisoning outbreaks and effect of Butia odorata Barb. Rodr. Extract on planktonic and biofilm cells. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Macori G, Bellio A, Bianchi DM, Chiesa F, Gallina S, Romano A, Zuccon F, Cabrera-Rubio R, Cauquil A, Merda D, Auvray F, Decastelli L. Genome-Wide Profiling of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus Strains Used for the Production of Naturally Contaminated Cheeses. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:E33. [PMID: 31892220 PMCID: PMC7016664 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen and an important cause of livestock infections. More than 20 staphylococcal enterotoxins with emetic activity can be produced by specific strains responsible for staphylococcal food poisoning, one of the most common food-borne diseases. Whole genome sequencing provides a comprehensive view of the genome structure and gene content that have largely been applied in outbreak investigations and genomic comparisons. In this study, six enterotoxigenic S. aureus strains were characterised using a combination of molecular, phenotypical and computational methods. The genomes were analysed for the presence of virulence factors (VFs), where we identified 110 genes and classified them into five categories: adherence (n = 31), exoenzymes (n = 28), genes involved in host immune system evasion (n = 7); iron uptake regulatory system (n = 8); secretion machinery factors and toxins' genes (n = 36), and 39 genes coding for transcriptional regulators related to staphylococcal VFs. Each group of VFs revealed correlations among the six enterotoxigenic strains, and further analysis revealed their accessory genomic content, including mobile genetic elements. The plasmids pLUH02 and pSK67 were detected in the strain ProNaCC1 and ProNaCC7, respectively, carrying out the genes sed, ser, and selj. The genes carried out by prophages were detected in the strain ProNaCC2 (see), ProNaCC4, and ProNaCC7 (both positive for sea). The strain ProNaCC5 resulted positive for the genes seg, sei, sem, sen, seo grouped in an exotoxin gene cluster, and the strain ProNaCC6 resulted positive for seh, a transposon-associated gene. The six strains were used for the production of naturally contaminated cheeses which were tested with the European Screening Method for staphylococcal enterotoxins. The results obtained from the analysis of toxins produced in cheese, combined with the genomic features represent a portrait of the strains that can be used for the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin-positive cheese as reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guerrino Macori
- National Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (D.M.B.); (S.G.); (A.R.); (F.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Alberto Bellio
- National Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (D.M.B.); (S.G.); (A.R.); (F.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Daniela Manila Bianchi
- National Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (D.M.B.); (S.G.); (A.R.); (F.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Francesco Chiesa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Silvia Gallina
- National Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (D.M.B.); (S.G.); (A.R.); (F.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Angelo Romano
- National Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (D.M.B.); (S.G.); (A.R.); (F.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Fabio Zuccon
- National Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (D.M.B.); (S.G.); (A.R.); (F.Z.); (L.D.)
| | - Raúl Cabrera-Rubio
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996, Ireland-APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12YT20 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Alexandra Cauquil
- European Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.C.); (D.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Déborah Merda
- European Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.C.); (D.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Fréderic Auvray
- European Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, Université Paris-Est, F-94700 Maisons-Alfort, France; (A.C.); (D.M.); (F.A.)
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- National Reference Laboratory for Coagulase-Positive Staphylococci including Staphylococcus aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154 Torino, Italy; (A.B.); (D.M.B.); (S.G.); (A.R.); (F.Z.); (L.D.)
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Quan K, Zhang Z, Chen H, Ren X, Ren Y, Peterson BW, van der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Artificial Channels in an Infectious Biofilm Created by Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhanced Bacterial Killing by Antibiotics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902313. [PMID: 31385644 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The poor penetrability of many biofilms contributes to the recalcitrance of infectious biofilms to antimicrobial treatment. Here, a new application for the use of magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine to create artificial channels in infectious biofilms to enhance antimicrobial penetration and bacterial killing is proposed. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are exposed to magnetic-iron-oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs), while magnetically forcing MIONP movement through the biofilm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrates artificial channel digging perpendicular to the substratum surface. Artificial channel digging significantly (4-6-fold) enhances biofilm penetration and bacterial killing efficacy by gentamicin in two S. aureus strains with and without the ability to produce extracellular polymeric substances. Herewith, this work provides a simple, new, and easy way to enhance the eradication of infectious biofilms using MIONPs combined with clinically applied antibiotic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Quan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zexin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiang Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brandon W Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henny C van der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Uribe-García A, Paniagua-Contreras GL, Monroy-Pérez E, Bustos-Martínez J, Hamdan-Partida A, Garzón J, Alanís J, Quezada R, Vaca-Paniagua F, Vaca S. Frequency and expression of genes involved in adhesion and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from periodontal lesions. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2019; 54:267-275. [PMID: 31300301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to characterize the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from periodontal lesions of patients, to determine the expression of genes involved in cell adhesion upon their infection of human epithelial cells using an in vitro model, its biofilm formation, and its resistance to antibiotics. METHODS S. aureus was analysed by PCR, Kirby-Bauer, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), measuring gene expression by real-time PCR after infection of human cells in vitro. RESULTS S. aureus was identified in 18.6% (50/268) of the samples. All strains (n = 50) possessed the virulence genes spa (Staphylococcal protein A), coa (coagulase), and icaAB (intercellular adhesin); 96% (n = 48) possessed clfB (clumping factor B), and 88% (n = 44) possessed ebps (elastin-binding protein) and sdrD (serine aspartate repeat protein D). All strains were resistant to methicillin, ampicillin, dicloxacillin, cefotaxime, and penicillin, and were multidrug resistant to 6-12 antibiotics. PFGE analysis showed 37 different pulsed-field types and most strains (60.4%) had a unique pulsed-field type. Twenty-four distinct combinations of virulence genes and antibiotic-resistant phenotypes were identified. CONCLUSION Although S. aureus has been considered a transient member of the oral microbiota, our results indicate a high-level expression of virulence genes and multidrug resistance in the strains isolated from periodontal lesions. These strains might complicate the successful treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jaime Bustos-Martínez
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04960, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Aída Hamdan-Partida
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Xochimilco, Calzada del Hueso 1100, 04960, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Javier Garzón
- Clínica de Endoperiodontología, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Jesica Alanís
- FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Quezada
- FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Felipe Vaca-Paniagua
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud, Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México, Mexico; Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, CDMX 14080, Mexico; Unidad de Biomedicina, FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio Vaca
- FES Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
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Schiffer C, Hilgarth M, Ehrmann M, Vogel RF. Bap and Cell Surface Hydrophobicity Are Important Factors in Staphylococcus xylosus Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1387. [PMID: 31293539 PMCID: PMC6603148 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus (S.) xylosus is a coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species naturally present in food of animal origin with a previously described potential for biofilm formation. In this study we characterized biofilm formation of five selected strains isolated from raw fermented dry sausages, upon different growth conditions. Four strains exhibited a biofilm positive phenotype with strain-dependent intensities. Biofilm formation of S. xylosus was influenced by the addition of glucose, sodium chloride and lactate to the growth medium, respectively. It was further dependent on strain-specific cell surface properties. Three strains exhibited hydrophobic and two hydrophilic cell surface properties. The biofilm positive hydrophilic strain TMW 2.1523 adhered significantly better to hydrophilic than to hydrophobic supports, whereas the differences in adherence to hydrophobic versus hydrophilic supports were not as distinct for the hydrophobic strains TMW 2.1023, TMW 2.1323, and TMW 2.1521. Comparative genomics enabled prediction of functional biofilm-related genes and link these to phenotypic variations. While a wide range of biofilm associated factors/genes previously described for S. aureus and S. epidermidis were absent in the genomes of the five strains analyzed, they all possess the gene encoding biofilm associated protein Bap. The only biofilm negative strain TMW 2.1602 showed a mutation in the bap sequence. This study demonstrates that Bap and surface hydrophobicity are important factors in S. xylosus biofilm formation with potential impact on the assertiveness of a starter strain against autochthonous staphylococci by competitive exclusion during raw sausage fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Schiffer
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Maik Hilgarth
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias Ehrmann
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Rudi F Vogel
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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33
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Abbondio M, Fois I, Longheu C, Azara E, Tola S. Biofilm production, quorum sensing system and analysis of virulence factors of Staphylococcus epidermidis collected from sheep milk samples. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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El-Banna T, Abd El-Aziz A, Sonbol F, El-Ekhnawy E. Adaptation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to benzalkonium chloride retards its growth and enhances biofilm production. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3437-3443. [PMID: 30972606 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04806-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing percentage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains that are resistant to multiple antibiotics is a global problem. The exposure of P. aeruginosa isolates to repeated sub lethal concentrations of biocides in hospitals and communities may be one of the causes leading to increased antibiotic resistance. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is widely used as disinfectant and preservative. This study investigated the effect of exposure of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates to sub lethal concentrations of BAC on their antibiotic resistance, growth process and biofilm formation. The collected 43 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates were daily subjected to increasing sub lethal concentrations of BAC. The effect of adaptation on antibiotic resistance, growth process, cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa isolates were examined. Interestingly, Most P. aeruginosa isolates adapted to BAC showed an increase in antibiotic resistance and 66% of the isolates showed retardation of growth, 63% showed increased cell surface hydrophobicity and 23.5% exhibited enhanced biofilm formation by crystal violet assay. To define whether the effect of BAC adaptation on biofilm production was manifested at the transcriptional level, quantitative RT-PCR was used. We found that 60% of the tested isolates showed overexpression of ndvB biofilm gene. More efforts are required to diminish the increasing use of BAC to avoid bacterial adaptation to this biocide with subsequent retardation of growth and enhanced biofilm formation which could lead to antibiotic resistance and treatment failure of infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek El-Banna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abd El-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sonbol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt
| | - Engy El-Ekhnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Campus, Tanta University, El-Geish Street, Tanta, El-Gharbia, 31611, Egypt.
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Yong YY, Dykes GA, Choo WS. Biofilm formation by staphylococci in health-related environments and recent reports on their control using natural compounds. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:201-222. [PMID: 30786799 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1573802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococci are Gram-positive bacteria that are ubiquitous in the environment and able to form biofilms on a range of surfaces. They have been associated with a range of human health issues such as medical device-related infection, localized skin infection, or direct infection caused by toxin production. The extracellular material produced by these bacteria resists antibiotics and host defence mechanism which complicates the treatment process. The commonly reported Staphylococcus species are Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis as they inhabit human bodies. However, the emergence of other staphylococci, such as S. haemolyticus, S. lugdunensis, S. saprophyticus, S. capitis, S. saccharolyticus, S. warneri, S. cohnii, and S. hominis, is also of concern and they have been associated with biofilm formation. This review critically assesses recent cases on the biofilm formation by S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and other staphylococci reported in health-related environments. The control of biofilm formation by staphylococci using natural compounds is specifically discussed as they represent potential anti-biofilm agents which may reduce the burden of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yi Yong
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Gary A Dykes
- b School of Public Health , Curtin University , Bentley , Australia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- a School of Science , Monash University Malaysia , Selangor , Malaysia
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Silva WEDLE, Amanso ES, Peixoto RDM, Gouveia JJDS, Gouveia GV, Costa MMD. MINIMUM BACTERICIDAL CONCENTRATION OF COMMERCIAL DISINFECTANTS ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. ISOLATED FROM MASTITIS IN GOATS AND DETECTION OF THE icaD GENE. CIÊNCIA ANIMAL BRASILEIRA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1089-6891v20e-53193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of commercial disinfectants on Staphylococcus spp., isolated from mastitis cases in goats, and to associate the observed resistance with the presence of the icaD gene. Broth microdilution was employed to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the disinfectants, whereas the Congo Red technique was used for the evaluation of biofilm production and amplification of the icaD gene. All evaluated samples were sensitive to disinfectants, with the following ranges of activity: quaternary ammonium (0.13 - 21.33 µg/ml), chlorhexidine (4.00 - 313.00 µg/ml) and iodine (190.00 - 12500.00 µg/ml); however, the sodium hypochlorite-based disinfectant showed no bactericidal activity in the concentration range from 15.0 to 0.03 µg/ml. The icaD gene presented a frequency of 14.7% in the isolate samples. Fisher’s exact test showed a significant effect of the relation between the minimum bactericidal concentration value of the quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant and the presence/absence of the icaD gene (P <0.01). Commercial disinfectants with quaternary ammonium, chlorhexidine and iodine active ingredients presented in vitro activity even at concentrations lower than those recommended by the manufacturers. Therefore, the periodic evaluation of the sensitivity profile of the disinfectants must be performed.
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Zou M, Liu D. A systematic characterization of the distribution, biofilm-forming potential and the resistance of the biofilms to the CIP processes of the bacteria in a milk powder processing factory. Food Res Int 2018; 113:316-326. [PMID: 30195526 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the resistance to conventional cleaning and sanitizing agents, biofilms formed on surfaces of dairy processing equipment pose a hazard to the dairy industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of the microflora attached to various surfaces of the processing lines of a milk powder processing factory based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The production of biofilms by the bacterial strains was evaluated on polystyrene (PS) and stainless-steel (SS) surfaces by crystal violet staining method. Especially, effects of temperatures (e.g., 37 °C and 55 °C) and growth mediums (e.g., nutrient broth, NB; tryptic soy broth, TSB) on the production of biofilms by these strains on PS surfaces were explored. Besides, the tolerance of the biofilms of the strains to CIP processes (1.5% v/v HNO3 solution or 2.0% w/v NaOH solution at 80 °C) were analyzed. Forty-five isolates from eleven interior surfaces of the facilities were identified and the distribution of strains had high species diversity, which indicated that multiple spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms remained in milk powder processing lines after CIP processes. Bacteria showed higher biofilm-forming abilities on SS compared to PS surfaces under the same condition. Moreover, effects of the incubation temperature and growth medium on biofilm formation varied between genera, species, and strains. One strain of each species with biofilm-forming abilities on SS surfaces was selected to check the resistance of their biofilms formed on SS coupons to the CIP processes. Biofilms of all of the nine strains were highly or moderately alkali and acid resistant, posing a threat to the milk powder production. These results suggested that organisms within the biofilm might withstand temperature and pH changes better than planktonic organisms. More research is needed to investigate different species isolated from different facilities of the processing lines and to improve the key controlling points in the CIP processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
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Tango CN, Akkermans S, Hussain MS, Khan I, Van Impe J, Jin YG, Oh DH. Modeling the effect of pH, water activity, and ethanol concentration on biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus. Food Microbiol 2018; 76:287-295. [PMID: 30166152 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effect of environmental factors on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13150) biofilm formation in tryptic soy broth was investigated under different ranges of pH (3.0-9.5), ethanol concentration (EtOH 0.0-20.0%), and aw (NaCl, 0.866-0.992). Biofilm formation was quantified using the crystal violet staining method and optical density (OD: 590 nm) measurements. Biofilm formation was significantly stronger at pH and aw close to S. aureus optimal growth conditions, while it was high at EtOH around 2.5-3.5%. Data sets from the difference between the OD measurements of the test and control (ΔOD) were fitted to the cardinal parameter model (CPM) and cardinal parameter model with inflection (CPMI) to describe the effect of the environmental factors. The models showed good quality of fit for the experimental data in terms of calculated RMSE, with the latter ranging from 0.276 to 0.455. CPM gave a good quality of fit compared to CPMI for the environmental factors tested. Optimal pH was close to neutral (6.76-6.81) and biofilm formation was possible till pH = 3.81-3.78 for CPM and CPMI, respectively. Optimum EtOH and aw conditions for biofilm formation were in the range of 1.99-2.75 and 0.98-0.97, respectively. Predicted OD values observed using strain 13150 were very closely correlated to the OD values predicted with strain 12600 with R2 of 0.978, 0.991, and 0.947 for pH, EtOH, and aw, respectively. The cultivable bacterial cells within the biofilm were enumerated using standard plate counting and a linear model was applied to correlate the attached biofilm cells to ΔOD of biofilm formation. It was found that the biofilm formation correlated with S. aureus population growth. At 2.5-3.5% of EtOH the maximum population density was lower than that observed at 0.0% of EtOH. As 2.5-3.5% of EtOH initiated a stronger biofilm formation, biofilm formation seems to be induced by ethanol stress. The development of cardinal parameter models to describe the effect environmental factors of importance to biofilm formation, offers a promising predictive microbiology approach to decrypting the S. aureus population growth and survival ability on food processing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nkufi Tango
- Department of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea; Department of Chemistry and Agricultural Industries, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Simen Akkermans
- BioTeC, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mohammad Shakhawat Hussain
- Department of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea
| | - Jan Van Impe
- BioTeC, Chemical and Biochemical Process Technology and Control, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong-Guo Jin
- National Research and Development Center for Egg Processing, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China.
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Department of Bioconvergence Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, South Korea.
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Effect of Temperature and Gamma Radiation on Salmonella Hadar Biofilm Production on Different Food Contact Surfaces. J FOOD QUALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/9141540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a pathogen transmitted by foods and it is one of the most important target bacteria in food irradiation studies. Few works were carried out on the effectiveness of gamma radiation against biofilms formed by this bacterium. Salmonella can form a biofilm on different material surfaces. The physicochemical properties of surfaces and environmental factors influence the adhesion of this pathogen. The present study investigated the effect of gamma radiation (1 and 2 kGy) and temperature (28°C and 37°C) on the development of Salmonella Hadar biofilm on polyvinyl chloride (PVC), glass, cellophane paper (CELLO), and polystyrene (POLY). The obtained results indicated that biofilm production is surface and temperature dependent. In addition, biofilm formation decreased significantly after gamma irradiation at either 1 or 2 kGy doses. However, the agfD and adrA genes expression did not demonstrate significant decrease. This work highlighted that gamma radiation treatment could reduce the biofilm formation of Salmonella enterica serovar Hadar on different food contact surfaces.
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Møretrø T, Langsrud S. Residential Bacteria on Surfaces in the Food Industry and Their Implications for Food Safety and Quality. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1022-1041. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, The Norwegian Inst. of Food; Fishery and Aquaculture Research; N-1430 Ås Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, The Norwegian Inst. of Food; Fishery and Aquaculture Research; N-1430 Ås Norway
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41
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Miao J, Liang Y, Chen L, Wang W, Wang J, Li B, Li L, Chen D, Xu Z. Formation and development ofStaphylococcusbiofilm: With focus on food safety. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Miao
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Yanrui Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Lequn Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Wenxin Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety; Guangzhou China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety; Guangzhou China
| | - Dingqiang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University; Guangzhou China
| | - Zhenbo Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering; South China University of Technology; Guangzhou China
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis; University of Maryland; Baltimore
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety; Guangzhou China
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42
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Torlak E, Korkut E, Uncu AT, Şener Y. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from a dental clinic in Konya, Turkey. J Infect Public Health 2017; 10:809-813. [PMID: 28214190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to form biofilm is considered to be a major virulence factor influencing its survival and persistence in both the environment and the host. Biofilm formation in S. aureus is most frequently associated with production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesion by ica operon-encoded enzymes. The present work aimed at evaluating the in vitro biofilm production and presence of the icaA and icaD genes in S. aureus isolates from a dental clinic in Konya, Turkey. The surfaces of inanimate objects were sampled over a period of six months. S. aureus isolates were subjected to Congo Red Agar (CRA) and crystal violet (CV) staining assays to evaluate their ability of biofilm production, while the presence of the icaA and icaD genes was determined by polymerase chain reaction. S. aureus contamination was detected in 13.2% of the environmental samples. All the 32 isolates were observed to be positive for both the icaA and icaD genes. Phenotypic evaluations revealed that CV staining assay is a more reliable alternative to CRA assay to determine biofilm formation ability. A high percentage of agreement (91%) was observed between the results from CV staining and ica genes' detection assays. Phenotypic and genotypic evaluations should be combined to detect biofilm formation in S. aureus. Our findings indicate that dental clinic environments should be considered as potential reservoir for biofilm-producing S. aureus and thus cross contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emrah Torlak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Emre Korkut
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ali T Uncu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Yağmur Şener
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
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Biofilm Formation by Clostridium ljungdahlii Is Induced by Sodium Chloride Stress: Experimental Evaluation and Transcriptome Analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170406. [PMID: 28118386 PMCID: PMC5261816 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The acetogen Clostridium ljungdahlii is capable of syngas fermentation and microbial electrosynthesis. Biofilm formation could benefit both these applications, but was not yet reported for C. ljungdahlii. Biofilm formation does not occur under standard growth conditions, but attachment or aggregation could be induced by different stresses. The strongest biofilm formation was observed with the addition of sodium chloride. After 3 days of incubation, the biomass volume attached to a plastic surface was 20 times higher with than without the addition of 200 mM NaCl to the medium. The addition of NaCl also resulted in biofilm formation on glass, graphite and glassy carbon, the latter two being often used electrode materials for microbial electrosynthesis. Biofilms were composed of extracellular proteins, polysaccharides, as well as DNA, while pilus-like appendages were observed with, but not without, the addition of NaCl. A transcriptome analysis comparing planktonic (no NaCl) and biofilm (NaCl addition) cells showed that C. ljungdahlii coped with the salt stress by the upregulation of the general stress response, Na+ export and osmoprotectant accumulation. A potential role for poly-N-acetylglucosamines and D-alanine in biofilm formation was found. Flagellar motility was downregulated, while putative type IV pili biosynthesis genes were not expressed. Moreover, the gene expression analysis suggested the involvement of the transcriptional regulators LexA, Spo0A and CcpA in stress response and biofilm formation. This study showed that NaCl addition might be a valuable strategy to induce biofilm formation by C. ljungdahlii, which can improve the efficacy of syngas fermentation and microbial electrosynthesis applications.
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Abstract
Starter cultures could play an essential role in the manufacture of traditional cured meat products. In order to achieve objectives related to meat products’ quality and safety improvement, the selection of particular strains constituting a starter culture should be carried out in the context of its application, since its functionality will depend on the type of sausage and process conditions. Also, strain selection should comply with particular requirements to warrant safety. The aim of the current review is to update the knowledge on the use of starter cultures in traditional meat products, with focus on dry-fermented products. In this manuscript, we will try to give answers to some relevant questions: Which starter cultures are used and why? Why are LAB used? What are their role and their specific mode of action? Which other groups of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) are used as starter cultures and how do they act? A particular revision of omics approach regarding starter cultures is made since the use of these techniques allows rapid screening of promising wild strains with desirable functional characteristics, enabling the development of starter cultures better adapted to the meat matrix.
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Poimenidou SV, Chrysadakou M, Tzakoniati A, Bikouli VC, Nychas GJ, Skandamis PN. Variability of Listeria monocytogenes strains in biofilm formation on stainless steel and polystyrene materials and resistance to peracetic acid and quaternary ammonium compounds. Int J Food Microbiol 2016; 237:164-171. [PMID: 27585076 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen able to tolerate adverse conditions by forming biofilms or by deploying stress resistant mechanisms, and thus manages to survive for long periods in food processing plants. This study sought to investigate the correlation between biofilm forming ability, tolerance to disinfectants and cell surface characteristics of twelve L. monocytogenes strains. The following attributes were evaluated: (i) biofilm formation by crystal violet staining method on polystyrene, and by standard cell enumeration on stainless steel and polystyrene; (ii) hydrophobicity assay using solvents; (iii) minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm eradication concentration (BEC) of peracetic acid (PAA) and quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs), and (iv) resistance to sanitizers (PAA 2000ppm; QACs 500ppm) of biofilms on polystyrene and stainless steel. After 72h of incubation, higher biofilm levels were formed in TSB at 20°C, followed by TSB at 37°C (P=0.087) and diluted TSB 1/10 at both 20 (P=0.005) and 37°C (P=0.004). Cells grown at 30°C to the stationary phase had significant electron donating nature and a low hydrophobicity, while no significant correlation of cell surface properties to biofilm formation was observed. Strains differed in MICPAA and BECPAA by 24- and 15-fold, respectively, while a positive correlation between MICPAA and BECPAA was observed (P=0.02). The MICQACs was positively correlated with the biofilm-forming ability on stainless steel (P=0.03). Regarding the impact of surface type, higher biofilm populations were enumerated on polystyrene than on stainless steel, which were also more tolerant to disinfectants. Among all strains, the greatest biofilm producer was a persistent strain with significant tolerance to QACs. These results may contribute to better understanding of L. monocytogenes behavior and survival on food processing surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Poimenidou
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Marilena Chrysadakou
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Tzakoniati
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki C Bikouli
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Skandamis
- Laboratory of Food Quality and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece.
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46
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Moura AT, Saraiva C, Miguéis S, Esteves A, Fontes MC. Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Coagulase-Positive and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci in Ready-to-Eat Sashimi. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2015.1099069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana T. Moura
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (DCV), Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Cristina Saraiva
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (DCV), Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Samuel Miguéis
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (DCV), Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Esteves
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (DCV), Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria C. Fontes
- School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (DCV), Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, Vila Real, Portugal
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47
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Fagerlund A, Langsrud S, Heir E, Mikkelsen MI, Møretrø T. Biofilm Matrix Composition Affects the Susceptibility of Food Associated Staphylococci to Cleaning and Disinfection Agents. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:856. [PMID: 27375578 PMCID: PMC4893552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are frequently isolated from food processing environments, and it has been speculated whether survival after cleaning and disinfection with benzalkonium chloride (BC)-containing disinfectants is due to biofilm formation, matrix composition, or BC efflux mechanisms. Out of 35 food associated staphylococci, eight produced biofilm in a microtiter plate assay and were identified as Staphylococcus capitis (2), S. cohnii, S. epidermidis, S. lentus (2), and S. saprophyticus (2). The eight biofilm producing strains were characterized using whole genome sequencing. Three of these strains contained the ica operon responsible for production of a polysaccharide matrix, and formed a biofilm which was detached upon exposure to the polysaccharide degrading enzyme Dispersin B, but not Proteinase K or trypsin. These strains were more tolerant to the lethal effect of BC both in suspension and biofilm than the remaining five biofilm producing strains. The five BC susceptible strains were characterized by lack of the ica operon, and their biofilms were detached by Proteinase K or trypsin, but not Dispersin B, indicating that proteins were major structural components of their biofilm matrix. Several novel cell wall anchored repeat domain proteins with domain structures similar to that of MSCRAMM adhesins were identified in the genomes of these strains, potentially representing novel mechanisms of ica-independent biofilm accumulation. Biofilms from all strains showed similar levels of detachment after exposure to alkaline chlorine, which is used for cleaning in the food industry. Strains with qac genes encoding BC efflux pumps could grow at higher concentrations of BC than strains without these genes, but no differences were observed at biocidal concentrations. In conclusion, the biofilm matrix of food associated staphylococci varies with respect to protein or polysaccharide nature, and this may affect the sensitivity toward a commonly used disinfectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fagerlund
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Ås, Norway
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Ås, Norway
| | - Maria I Mikkelsen
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture ResearchÅs, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life SciencesÅs, Norway
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Ås, Norway
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Kim BR, Bae YM, Lee SY. Effect of Environmental Conditions on Biofilm Formation and Related Characteristics of Staphylococcus Aureus. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ram Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; 72-1 Nae-ri Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
| | - Young-Min Bae
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; 72-1 Nae-ri Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Chung-Ang University; 72-1 Nae-ri Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si Gyeonggi-do 456-756 South Korea
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Rehman S, Mujtaba Ghauri S, Sabri AN. Impact of Plant Extracts and Antibiotics on Biofilm Formation of Clinical Isolates From Otitis Media. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29483. [PMID: 27099692 PMCID: PMC4834028 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Otitis media can lead to severe health consequences, and is the most common reason for antibiotic prescriptions and biofilm-mediated infections. However, the increased pattern of drug resistance in biofilm forming bacteria complicates the treatment of such infections. Objectives: This study was aimed to estimate the biofilm formation potential of the clinical isolates of otitis media, and to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotics and plant extracts as alternative therapeutic agents in biofilm eradication. Materials and Methods: The ear swab samples collected from the otitis media patients visiting the Mayo Hospital in Lahore were processed to isolate the bacteria, which were characterized using morphological, biochemical, and molecular (16S rRNA ribotyping) techniques. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the antibiotics and crude plant extracts were measured against the isolates. The cell surface hydrophobicity and biofilm formation potential were determined, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with and without antibiotics. Finally, the molecular characterization of the biofilm forming proteins was done by amplifying the ica operon. Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (KC417303-05), Staphylococcus hemolyticus (KC417306), and Staphylococcus hominis (KC417307) were isolated from the otitis media specimens. Among the crude plant extracts, Acacia arabica showed significant antibacterial characteristics (MIC up to 13 mg/ml), while these isolates exhibited sensitivity towards ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.2 µg/mL). All of the bacterial strains had hydrophobic cellular surfaces that helped in their adherence to abiotic surfaces, leading to strong biofilm formation potential (up to 7 days). Furthermore, the icaC gene encoding polysaccharide intercellular adhesion protein was amplified from S. hemolyticus. Conclusions: The bacterial isolates exhibited strong biofilm formation potential, while the extracts of Acacia arabica significantly inhibited biofilm formation among the isolates and, therefore, could be executed in the development of cost-effective biofilm inhibitor medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Rehman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Mujtaba Ghauri
- Department of Ear, Nose and Throat, Mayo Hospital, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Nasim Sabri
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Corresponding author: Anjum Nasim Sabri, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore-54590, Pakistan. Tel: +92-4235952833, Fax: +92-4299230481, E-mail:
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Cherif-Antar A, Moussa–Boudjemâa B, Didouh N, Medjahdi K, Mayo B, Flórez AB. Diversity and biofilm-forming capability of bacteria recovered from stainless steel pipes of a milk-processing dairy plant. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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