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Gadaime NK, Haddadin RN, Shehabi AA, Omran IN. Antimicrobial resistance and carbapenemase dissemination in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Libyan hospitals: a call for surveillance and intervention. Libyan J Med 2024; 19:2344320. [PMID: 38643488 PMCID: PMC11034451 DOI: 10.1080/19932820.2024.2344320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant bacterium capable of forming biofilms. This study aimed to assess resistance of clinical isolates from Libyan hospitals to antipseudomonal antibiotics, the prevalence of selected extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase genes among these isolates, and the microorganisms' capacity for alginate and biofilm production. Forty-five isolates were collected from four hospitals in Benghazi and Derna, Libya. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using agar disc diffusion. The presence of resistance genes (blaCTXM, blaTEM, blaSHV-1, blaGES-1, blaKPC, and blaNDM) was screened using PCR. Biofilm formation was quantified via the crystal violet assay, while alginate production was measured spectrophotometrically. Resistance to antipseudomonal antibiotics ranged from 48.9% to 75.6%. The most prevalent resistance gene was blaNDM (26.7%), followed by blaGES-1 (17.8%). Moreover, all isolates demonstrated varying degrees of biofilm-forming ability and alginate production. No statistically significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and alginate production. The dissemination of resistant genes in P. aeruginosa, particularly carbapenemases, is of great concern. This issue is compounded by the bacteria's biofilm-forming capability. Urgent intervention and continuous surveillance are imperative to prevent further deterioration and the catastrophic spread of resistance among these formidable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin K. Gadaime
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
- Department of Lab Medicine, Faculty of Medical Technology-Derna, National Board for technical and Vocational Education, Derna, Libya
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Munim MA, Das SC, Hossain MM, Hami I, Topu MG, Gupta SD. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria isolated from poultry in the Noakhali region of Bangladesh. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292638. [PMID: 39088478 PMCID: PMC11293736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapidly increasing antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains in Bangladesh's food and farm animals stem from the excessive and inappropriate use of antibiotics. To assess the prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in poultry chicks, we sought to isolate and identify strains carrying antimicrobial resistance genes. Isolation and identification involved biochemical tests, 16S rRNA sequencing, and PCR screening of species-specific genes. MDR patterns were evaluated using CLSI guidelines with seventeen antibiotics across twelve classes. Targeted gene sequences were amplified for the detection of Extended-spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL), carbapenem, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and colistin resistance genes. Common isolates, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus penneri, and Enterobacter hormaechei, exhibited average Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance (MAR) indices of 0.66, 0.76, 0.8, 0.84, and 0.81, 0.76, 0.84, 0.41 for broiler and layer chicken, respectively. Providencia stuartii and Salmonella enterica, exclusive to broiler samples, had MAR indices of 0.82 and 0.84, respectively. Additional isolates Morganella morganii, Aeromonas spp., and Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica were found in layers (Average MAR indices: 0.73, 0.71, and 0.91). Notably, M. morganii, E. hormaechei and W. chitiniclastica were identified for the first time in Bangladeshi poultry chicken, although their evolution is yet to be understood. In this study, Pan-drug resistance was observed in one P. stuartii (broiler) and one Aeromonas spp. (layer) with a MAR index 1, while all isolates exhibited MAR indices >0.2, indicating MDR. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene screening identified blaTEM, blaSHV, tetA, and sul1 in a majority of the MDR strains. Interestingly, E. coli (lactose positive and negative) and E. hormaechei were exclusively found to possess the tetB gene. In addition, E. coli (lactose negative), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hormaechei, M. morganii, and P. stuartii were observed to carry the colistin-resistant mcr-1 gene, whereas sul2 was detected in E. coli (lactose positive and negative), E. hormaechei, P. stuartii, and P. penneri. These findings emphasize the health risk of our consumers of both broiler and layer chickens as they have turned into a potent reservoir of various AMR gene carrying MDR and Pan-drug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adnan Munim
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvo Chandra Das
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Murad Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ithmam Hami
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Mridul Gope Topu
- Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Shipan Das Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
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Elgayar FA, Gouda MK, Badran AA, El Halfawy NM. Pathogenomics analysis of high-risk clone ST147 multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a patient in Egypt. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:256. [PMID: 38987681 PMCID: PMC11234735 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of multi-drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) represents a serious clinical health concern. Antibiotic resistance and virulence interactions play a significant role in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae infections. Therefore, tracking the clinical resistome and virulome through monitoring antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) and virulence factors in the bacterial genome using computational analysis tools is critical for predicting the next epidemic. METHODS In the current study, one hundred extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing clinical isolates were collected from Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt, in a six-month period from January to June 2022. One isolate was selected due to the high resistance phenotype, and the genetic features of MDR-KP recovered from hospitalized patient were investigated. Otherwise, the susceptibility to 25 antimicrobials was determined using the DL Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) system. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 was employed to provide genomic insights into K. pneumoniae WSF99 clinical isolate. RESULTS The isolate K. pneumoniae WSF99 was phenotypically resistant to the antibiotics under investigation via antibiotic susceptibility testing. WGS analysis revealed that WSF99 total genome length was 5.7 Mb with an estimated 5,718 protein-coding genes and a G + C content of 56.98 mol%. Additionally, the allelic profile of the WSF99 isolate was allocated to the high-risk clone ST147. Furthermore, diverse antibiotic resistance genes were determined in the genome that explain the high-level resistance phenotypes. Several β-lactamase genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaTEM-12, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-67, and blaOXA-9, were detected in the WSF99 isolate. Moreover, a single carbapenemase gene, blaNDM-5, was predicted in the genome, positioned within a mobile cassette. In addition, other resistance genes were predicted in the genome including, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-VI, sul1, sul2, fosA, aadA, arr-2, qnrS1, tetA and tetC. Four plasmid replicons CoIRNAI, IncFIB(K), IncFIB(pQil), and IncR were predicted in the genome. The draft genome analysis revealed the occurrence of genetic mobile elements positioned around the ARGs, suggesting the ease of dissemination via horizontal gene transfer. CONCLUSIONS This study reports a comprehensive pathogenomic analysis of MDR-KP isolated from a hospitalized patient. These findings could be relevant for future studies investigating the diversity of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A Elgayar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram Bek 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona K Gouda
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram Bek 21511, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Alaa Aboelnour Badran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nancy M El Halfawy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Moharram Bek 21511, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Harbaoui S, Ferjani S, Abbassi MS, Guzmán-Puche J, Causse M, Elías-López C, Martínez-Martínez L, Boubaker IBB. Genetic background of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in various genetic lineages of clinical aminoglycosides-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates in Tunisia. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxae164. [PMID: 38955378 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxae164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro activity of clinically relevant aminoglycosides and to determine the prevalence of genes encoding aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methyltransferases among aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli (n = 61) and K. pneumoniae (n = 44) clinical isolates. Associated resistances to beta-lactams and their bla genes as well as the genetic relatedness of isolates were also investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 105 aminoglycoside-resistant E. coli (n = 61) and K. pneumoniae (n = 44) isolates recovered between March and May 2017 from 100 patients hospitalized in different wards of Charles Nicolle Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia, were studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of aminoglycoside compounds were determined by broth microdilution method. Aminoglycosides resistance encoding genes [aph(3´)-Ia, aph(3') IIa, aph(3´)-VIa, ant(2″)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6')-Ib, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, armA, and npmA] and bla genes were investigated by PCR and sequencing. Genetic relatedness was examined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for representative isolates. RESULTS High rates of aminoglycoside resistance were found: gentamicin (85.7%), tobramycin (87.6%), kanamycin (78.0%), netilmincin (74.3%), and amikcin (18.0%). Most common AME gene was aac(3)-IIa (42%), followed by aac(6')-Ib (36.2%) and aph(3')-VIa (32.4%). The majority of isolates were resistant to beta-lactams and blaCTX-M-15 was the most common ESBL. The blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48 were also produced by 1 and 23 isolates, respectively. Novel sequence types have been reported among our isolates and high-risk clonal lineages have been detected, such as E. coli ST43 (ST131 in Achtman MLST scheme) and K. pneumoniae (ST11/ST13). CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of aminoglycoside resistance rates and the diversity of corresponding genes, with diverse β-lactamase enzymes among genetically heterogeneous clinical isolates present a matter of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Harbaoui
- Research Laboratory «Antimicrobial resistance» LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ferjani
- Research Laboratory «Antimicrobial resistance» LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Boulevard 9 Avril, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Salah Abbassi
- Research Laboratory «Antimicrobial resistance» LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Bacteriological Research, Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
| | - Julia Guzmán-Puche
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Manuel Causse
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Cristina Elías-López
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Luis Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Ilhem Boutiba-Ben Boubaker
- Research Laboratory «Antimicrobial resistance» LR99ES09, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Charles Nicolle Hospital, Boulevard 9 Avril, Tunis 1006, Tunisia
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Miyagi K, Shimoji N. Rapid discrimination methods for clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria using the N-terminal sequence of the flaA gene and investigation of antimicrobial resistance. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae052. [PMID: 38830808 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Although the genus Aeromonas inhabits the natural environment, it has also been isolated from hospital patient specimens as a causative agent of Aeromonas infections. However, it is not known whether clinical strains live in the natural environment, and if these strains have acquired antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we performed the typing of flagellin A gene (flaA) of clinical and environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii biovar sobria using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay with newly designed primers. Detection rates of the clinical and environmental flaA types of A. hydrophila were 66.7% and 88.2%, and the corresponding rates for A. veronii biovar sobria were 66.7% and 90.9%. The PCR assays could significantly discriminate between clinical and environmental strains of both species in approximately 4 h. Also, among the 63 clinical Aeromonas strains used, only one extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria, no plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance bacteria, and only four multidrug-resistant bacteria were detected. Therefore, the PCR assays could be useful for the rapid diagnosis of these Aeromonas infections and the monitoring of clinical strain invasion into water-related facilities and environments. Also, the frequency of drug-resistant Aeromonas in clinical isolates from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, appeared to be low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufumi Miyagi
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara-cho, Okinawa 903-0215, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shimoji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Urasoe General Hospital, 4-16-1 Iso, Urasoe-shi, Okinawa 901-2132, Japan
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Di Francesco A, Salvatore D, Ranucci A, Gobbi M, Morandi B. Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in Apennine wolves (Canis lupus italicus Altobello, 1921) from Central Italy. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1941-1947. [PMID: 38499909 PMCID: PMC11147935 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to molecularly investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in organ samples from 11 Apennine wolves (Canis lupus italicus) collected in Central Italy. Samples from lung, liver, spleen, kidney, tongue and intestine were investigated by PCRs targeting the following genes: tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tetA(P), tet(Q), tet(S), tet(X), sul1, sul2, sul3, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM and mcr-1. A PCR positivity was highlighted for 13 out of the 21 tested genes; no positive results were obtained for tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), sul3, blaCTX, blaSHV and mcr-1 genes. All 11 animals sampled showed positivity for one or more resistance genes. The results confirm the potential role of the wolf as an indicator and/or vector of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria or ARGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Bologna, Italy.
| | - D Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Bologna, Italy
| | - A Ranucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati' Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati' Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - B Morandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati' Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Jeong BG, Kim MY, Jeong CS, Do H, Hwang J, Lee JH, Cha SS. Characterization of the extended substrate spectrum of the class A β-lactamase CESS-1 from Stenotrophomonas sp. and structure-based investigation into its substrate preference. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107171. [PMID: 38588869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Stenotrophomonas spp. intrinsically resistant to many β-lactam antibiotics are found throughout the environment. CESS-1 identified in Stenotrophomonas sp. KCTC 12332 is an uncharacterized class A β-lactamase. The goal of this study was to reveal biochemical and structural characteristics of CESS-1. METHODS The hydrolytic activities of CESS-1 towards penicillins (penicillin G and ampicillin), cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefaclor, and cefotaxime), and carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) was spectrophotometrically monitored. Structural information on E166Q mutants of CESS-1 acylated by cefaclor, cephalexin, or ampicillin were determined by X-ray crystallography. RESULTS CESS-1 displayed hydrolytic activities toward penicillins and cephalosporins, with negligible activity toward carbapenems. Although cefaclor, cephalexin, and ampicillin have similar structures with identical R1 side chains, the catalytic parameters of CESS-1 toward them were distinct. The kcat values for cefaclor, cephalexin, and ampicillin were 1249.6 s-1, 204.3 s-1, and 69.8 s-1, respectively, with the accompanying KM values of 287.6 μM, 236.7 μM, and 28.8 μM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CESS-1 was able to discriminate between cefaclor and cephalexin with a single structural difference at C3 position: -Cl (cefaclor) and -CH3 (cephalexin). Structural comparisons among three E166Q mutants of CESS-1 acylated by cefaclor, cephalexin, or ampicillin, revealed that cooperative positional changes in the R1 side chain of substrates and their interaction with the β5-β6 loop affect the distance between Asn170 and the deacylating water at the acyl-enzyme intermediate state. This is directly associated with the differential hydrolytic activities of CESS-1 toward the three structurally similar β-lactam antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Gyeong Jeong
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sook Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hackwon Do
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisub Hwang
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyuck Lee
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Polar Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun-Shin Cha
- Department of Chemistry & Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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He XT, Chang CN, Yu CH, Wang CC. The risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and outcomes associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamases-Producing pathogens in pediatric urinary tract infection. Pediatr Neonatol 2024; 65:242-248. [PMID: 37951832 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis (ESBL-producing-EKP) are an increasingly common cause of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) worldwide. Recognizing the risk factors and antimicrobial resistance patterns may guide new management in this population. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of over 5 years in Taiwan (2017-2021). Inclusion criteria are hospitalized pediatric patients with the discharge diagnosis of UTI caused by E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, or Proteus mirabilis. ESBL-producing-EKP and non-ESBL-producing-EKP UTI cases were reviewed for characteristics, urinary isolate antibiotics resistance, and clinical outcomes. RESULTS The incidence rate of ESBL-producing-EKP UTI increased over the study period (Overall incidence rate: 14.1 %, 46/327 patients). Recent antibiotic therapy in ≤6 months (X2 = 11.83, p < 0.01) and a preterm gestational history (X2 = 8.11, p < 0.05) were associated with an increased risk. The proportion of patients with these two risk factors for ESBL acquisition were 37.5 % (X2 = 9.08, p < 0.05). The co-resistance rate of ESBL-producing-EKP to other antimicrobial agents was 63.0 % for gentamicin, 56.5 % for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 52.2 % for ciprofloxacin, 4.3 % for amikacin, and 2.2 % for imipenem. The generalized linear model analysis identified a significantly longer length of stay (β: 2.85; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-4.56; p < 0.01) and intensive care unit duration (β: 5.86; 95 % CI: 1.59-10.12; p < 0.01) among patients with ESBL-producing-EKP UTI. CONCLUSION Amikacin should be considered as an alternative antimicrobial choice beyond carbapenems for ESBL-producing-EKP UTI, especially in the context of carbapenem-resistant E. coli/Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRE/CRKP) emergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Tian He
- Department of General Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ribeiro LF, Nespolo NM, Rossi GAM, Fairbrother JM. Exploring Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli in Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Foods. Pathogens 2024; 13:346. [PMID: 38668301 PMCID: PMC11054374 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13040346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobials serve as crucial treatments in both veterinary and human medicine, aiding in the control and prevention of infectious diseases. However, their misuse or overuse has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance, posing a significant threat to public health. This review focuses on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in animals and their associated food products, which contribute to the proliferation of antimicrobial-resistant strains. Recent research has highlighted the presence of ESBL-producing E. coli in animals and animal-derived foods, with some studies indicating genetic similarities between these isolates and those found in human infections. This underscores the urgent need to address antimicrobial resistance as a pressing public health issue. More comprehensive studies are required to understand the evolving landscape of ESBLs and to develop strategic public health policies grounded in the One Health approach, aiming to control and mitigate their prevalence effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laryssa Freitas Ribeiro
- Mário Palmério University Center (UniFucamp), Av. Brasil Oeste, s/n, Jardim Zenith, Monte Carmelo 38500-000, Minas Gerais State, Brazil;
| | - Natália Maramarque Nespolo
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rod. Washington Luís, s/n—Monjolinho, São Carlos 13565-905, São Paulo State, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha 29102-920, Espírito Santo State, Brazil;
| | - John Morris Fairbrother
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada
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Stankiewicz K, Boroń P, Prajsnar J, Żelazny M, Heliasz M, Hunter W, Lenart-Boroń A. Second life of water and wastewater in the context of circular economy - Do the membrane bioreactor technology and storage reservoirs make the recycled water safe for further use? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 921:170995. [PMID: 38378066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In recent years water demand drastically increased which is particularly evident in tourism-burdened mountain regions. In these areas, climate neutral circular economy strategies to minimize human impact on the environment can be successfully applied. Among these strategies, treated wastewater reuse and retaining water in storage reservoirs deserve particular attention. This study aimed to determine if recycled water produced with two circular economy systems, namely membrane bioreactor treatment plant (MBR) with UV-light effluent disinfection and a storage reservoir, is safe enough for further use in green areas irrigation in summer and artificial snow production in winter. The assessment was based on the presence and concentration of antimicrobial agents, antibiotic resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes, bacterial community composition and diversity. The treated water and wastewater was compared with natural water in their vicinity. Both systems fulfill the criteria set by the European Union in terms of reclaimed water suitable for reuse. Although the MBR/UV light wastewater treatment substantially reduced the numbers of E. coli and E. faecalis (from e.g. 32,000 CFU/100 ml to 20 CFU/100 ml and 15,000 CFU/100 ml to nearly 0 CFU/ml), bacteria resistant to ampicillin, aztreonam, cefepime, ceftazidime, ertapenem and tigecycline, as well as ESBL-positive and multidrug resistant E. coli were highly prevalent in MBR-treated wastewater (88.9 %, 55.6 %, 33.3 %, 22.2 % and 11.1 % and 44.4 and 55.6 %, respectively). Applying additional tertiary treatment technology is recommended. Retaining water in storage reservoirs nearly eliminated bacterial contaminants (e.g. E. coli dropped from 350 CFU/100 ml to 10 CFU/100 ml), antibiotic resistant bacteria, resistance genes (none detected in the storage reservoir) and antibiotics (only enrofloxacin detected once in the concentration of 3.20 ng/l). Findings of this study point to the limitations of solely culture-based assessment of reclaimed water and wastewater while they may prove useful in risk management and prevention in wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Stankiewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Adam Mickiewicz Ave. 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Boroń
- Department of Forest Ecosystems Protection, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listopada Ave. 46, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Prajsnar
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek Str. 8, 30-239 Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosław Żelazny
- Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa Str. 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Miłosz Heliasz
- Scientific Circle of Biotechnologists, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listpada Ave. 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Walter Hunter
- Scientific Circle of Biotechnologists, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 29 Listpada Ave. 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Lenart-Boroń
- Department of Microbiology and Biomonitoring, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Adam Mickiewicz Ave. 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
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11
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Sun J, Dai J, Chen J, He Y, Su L, Gong M, Cao M, Wei K, You Y, Liu L, Bai L, Cui S, Chen J, Yang B. Antibiotic susceptibility and genomic analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant and ESBLs-producing Escherichia coli in vegetables and their irrigation water and growing soil. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 414:110629. [PMID: 38368793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli has become a major global public health concern. While there is extensive research on antibiotic-resistant E. coli from human and animal sources, studies on vegetables and their environments are limited. This study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of ciprofloxacin-resistant (CIPR) E. coli in 13 types of edible raw vegetables, along with their irrigation water and soil in Shaanxi, China. Of 349 samples collected (157 vegetables, 59 water, and 133 soil), a total of 48 positive samples were detected, with one CIPRE. coli strain isolated from each sample being selected for further analyses. A striking observation was its high prevalence in irrigation water at 44.1 %, markedly exceeding that in vegetables (12.0 %) and soil (4.5 %). The susceptibility of Forty-eight CIPRE. coli isolates was evaluated using the disc diffusion method for 18 different antibiotics, all these isolates were not only resistant to the tested fluoroquinolones antibiotics (levofloxacin, nalidixic acid), but also displayed a multi-drug resistance (MDR) pattern. Twenty-eight (58.3 %) of 48 CIPRE. coli isolates exhibited extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) (CIPR-ESBLs) producing phenotype. Subsequently, whole-genome sequencing was performed on these 28 isolates. We identified 12 serotypes and STs each, with O101: H9 (35.7 %, 10/28) and ST10 (21.4 %, 6/28) being the most common. Further classification placed these isolates into five phylogenetic groups: A (57.1 %, 16/28), B1 (32.1 %, 9/28), D (3.6 %, 1/28), B2 (3.6 %,1/28), and F (3.6 %,1/28). Notelly, Identical ST types, serotypes and phylogroups were found in certain CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli from both vegetables and adjacent irrigation water. Genomic analysis of the 28 CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli isolates unveiled 73 resistance genes, associated with 13 amino acid mutations in resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and resistance to 12 types of antibiotics. Each isolate was confirmed to carry both ESBLs and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, with the Ser83Ala mutation in GyrA (96.4 %, 27/28) being the most prevalent. A detailed analysis of Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) revealed that IncFIB and IncFII plasmid subtypes were most prevalent in 60.7 % and 67.9 % of isolates, respectively, with 75 % containing over 10 insertion sequences (IS) each. Furthermore, we observed that certain ESBL and PMQR genes were located on plasmids or in proximity to insertion sequences. In conclusion, our research highlights the widespread presence of CIPRE. coli in irrigation water and thoroughly examines the genetic characteristics of CIPR-ESBLs-producing E. coli strains, underlining the need for ongoing monitoring and management to reduce multidrug-resistant bacteria in vegetables and their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jinghan Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jin Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuanjie He
- College of Life Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengqing Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mengyuan Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Kexin Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yi You
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lisha Liu
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Li Bai
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100022, China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia Chen
- College of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Centre of Dairy Products Quality, Safety and Health, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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12
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Li Q, Zhou X, Yang R, Shen X, Li G, Zhang C, Li P, Li S, Xie J, Yang Y. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in ICUs: resistance genes, therapeutics, and prevention - a comprehensive review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1376513. [PMID: 38601497 PMCID: PMC11004409 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1376513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intensive care units (ICUs) are specialized environments dedicated to the management of critically ill patients, who are particularly susceptible to drug-resistant bacteria. Among these, carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) pose a significant threat endangering the lives of ICU patients. Carbapenemase production is a key resistance mechanism in CR-GNB, with the transfer of resistance genes contributing to the extensive emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). CR-GNB infections are widespread in ICUs, highlighting an urgent need for prevention and control measures to reduce mortality rates associated with CR-GNB transmission or infection. This review provides an overview of key aspects surrounding CR-GNB within ICUs. We examine the mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance, the resistance genes that frequently occur with CR-GNB infections in ICU, and the therapeutic options against carbapenemase genotypes. Additionally, we highlight crucial preventive measures to impede the transmission and spread of CR-GNB within ICUs, along with reviewing the advances made in the field of clinical predictive modeling research, which hold excellent potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoshi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Rou Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Guolin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiran Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingxian Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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13
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Grams RJ, Santos WL, Scorei IR, Abad-García A, Rosenblum CA, Bita A, Cerecetto H, Viñas C, Soriano-Ursúa MA. The Rise of Boron-Containing Compounds: Advancements in Synthesis, Medicinal Chemistry, and Emerging Pharmacology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2441-2511. [PMID: 38382032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Boron-containing compounds (BCC) have emerged as important pharmacophores. To date, five BCC drugs (including boronic acids and boroles) have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of cancer, infections, and atopic dermatitis, while some natural BCC are included in dietary supplements. Boron's Lewis acidity facilitates a mechanism of action via formation of reversible covalent bonds within the active site of target proteins. Boron has also been employed in the development of fluorophores, such as BODIPY for imaging, and in carboranes that are potential neutron capture therapy agents as well as novel agents in diagnostics and therapy. The utility of natural and synthetic BCC has become multifaceted, and the breadth of their applications continues to expand. This review covers the many uses and targets of boron in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Justin Grams
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | | | - Antonio Abad-García
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carol Ann Rosenblum
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, 900 West Campus Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Andrei Bita
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 2 Petru Rareş Street, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Hugo Cerecetto
- Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Mataojo 2055, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Clara Viñas
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Abdulaal WH, Alhakamy NA, Asseri AH, Radwan MF, Ibrahim TS, Okbazghi SZ, Abbas HA, Mansour B, Shoun AA, Hegazy WAH, Abdel-Halim MS. Redirecting pantoprazole as a metallo-beta-lactamase inhibitor in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1366459. [PMID: 38533260 PMCID: PMC10963397 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1366459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of resistance to carbapenems in Klebsiella pneumoniae due to the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) is a critical public health problem because carbapenems are the last-resort drugs used for treating severe infections of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing K. pneumoniae. Restoring the activity of carbapenems by the inhibition of metallo-β-lactamases is a valuable approach to combat carbapenem resistance. In this study, two well-characterized clinical multidrug and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were used. The sub-inhibitory concentrations of pantoprazole and the well-reported metallo-β-lactamase inhibitor captopril inhibited the hydrolytic activities of metallo-β-lactamases, with pantoprazole having more inhibiting activities. Both drugs, when used in combination with meropenem, exhibited synergistic activities. Pantoprazole could also downregulate the expression of the metallo-β-lactamase genes bla NDM and bla VIM. A docking study revealed that pantoprazole could bind to and chelate zinc ions of New Delhi and Verona integron-encoded MBL (VIM) enzymes with higher affinity than the control drug captopril and with comparable affinity to the natural ligand meropenem, indicating the significant inhibitory activity of pantoprazole against metallo-β-lactamases. In conclusion, pantoprazole can be used in combination with meropenem as a new strategy for treating serious infections caused by metallo-β-lactamases producing K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam H. Abdulaal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Cancer and Mutagenesis Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence for Drug Research and Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Mohamed Saeed Tamer Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicines, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed F. Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Solomon Z. Okbazghi
- Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Hisham A. Abbas
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Basem Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Aly A. Shoun
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Salehey El Gadida University, Sharkiya, Egypt
| | - Wael A. H. Hegazy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oman College of Health Sciences, Muscat, Oman
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15
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Ayoub HF, Khafagy AR, Esawy AM, El-Moaty NA, Alwutayd KM, Mansour AT, Ibrahim RA, Abdel-Moneam DA, El-Tarabili RM. Phenotypic, molecular detection, and Antibiotic Resistance Profile (MDR and XDR) of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from Farmed Tilapia zillii and Mugil cephalus. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:84. [PMID: 38459543 PMCID: PMC10921648 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present study, Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from Tilapia zillii and Mugil cephalus samples collected during different seasons from various Suez Canal areas in Egypt. The prevalence of A. hydrophila, virulence genes, and antibiotic resistance profile of the isolates to the commonly used antibiotics in aquaculture were investigated to identify multiple drug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug-resistant (XDR) strains. In addition, a pathogenicity test was conducted using A. hydrophila, which was isolated and selected based on the prevalence of virulence and resistance genes, and morbidity of natural infected fish. The results revealed that A. hydrophila was isolated from 38 of the 120 collected fish samples (31.6%) and confirmed phenotypically and biochemically. Several virulence genes were detected in retrieved A. hydrophila isolates, including aerolysin aerA (57.9%), ser (28.9%), alt (26.3%), ast (13.1%), act (7.9%), hlyA (7.9%), and nuc (18.4%). Detection of antibiotic-resistant genes revealed that all isolates were positive for blapse1 (100%), blaSHV (42.1%), tetA (60.5%), and sul1 (42.1%). 63.1% of recovered isolates were considered MDR, while 28.9% of recovered isolates were considered XDR. Some isolates harbor both virulence and MDR genes; the highest percentage carried 11, followed by isolates harboring 9 virulence and resistance genes. It could be concluded that the high prevalence of A. hydrophila in aquaculture species and their diverse antibiotic resistance and virulence genes suggest the high risk of Aeromonas infection and could have important implications for aquaculture and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala F Ayoub
- Department of Fish Health and Management, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research (CLAR), Agricultural Research Center, Abo-Hammad, Sharqia, Abbassa, 44662, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed R Khafagy
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aboelkair M Esawy
- Department of Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura branch, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Noura Abo El-Moaty
- Department of Microbiology, Animal Health Research Institute, Mansoura branch, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Tageldein Mansour
- Fish and Animal Production and Aquaculture Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 420, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.
- Fish and Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt.
| | - Reham A Ibrahim
- Microbiology Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia A Abdel-Moneam
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Reham M El-Tarabili
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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Iduu NV, Raiford D, Conley A, Scaria J, Nelson J, Ruesch L, Price S, Yue M, Gong J, Wei L, Wang C. A Retrospective Analysis of Salmonella Isolates across 11 Animal Species (1982-1999) Led to the First Identification of Chromosomally Encoded blaSCO-1 in the USA. Microorganisms 2024; 12:528. [PMID: 38543579 PMCID: PMC10974302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-typhoidal Salmonella is a pressing public health concern in the United States, necessitating continuous surveillance. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 251 Salmonella isolates from 11 animal species recovered between 1982 and 1999, utilizing serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Phenotypic resistance was observed in 101 isolates, with S. Typhimurium, S. Dublin, S. Agona, and S. Muenster prevailing among 36 identified serovars. Notably, resistance to 12 of 17 antibiotics was detected, with ampicillin being most prevalent (79/251). We identified 38 resistance genes, primarily mediating aminoglycoside (n = 13) and β-lactamase (n = 6) resistance. Plasmid analysis unveiled nine distinct plasmids associated with AMR genes in these isolates. Chromosomally encoded blaSCO-1 was present in three S. Typhimurium and two S. Muenster isolates from equine samples, conferring resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three distinct clusters for these five isolates, indicating evolutionary divergence. This study represents the first report of blaSCO-1 in the USA, and our recovered isolates harboring this gene as early as 1989 precede those of all other reports. The enigmatic nature of blaSCO-1 prompts further research into its function. Our findings highlight the urgency of addressing antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella for effective public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Vivian Iduu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.V.I.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Donna Raiford
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.V.I.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Austin Conley
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.V.I.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Julie Nelson
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (J.N.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Ruesch
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (J.N.); (L.R.)
| | - Stuart Price
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.V.I.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Min Yue
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, China;
| | - Lanjing Wei
- Bioengineering Program, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.V.I.); (D.R.); (S.P.)
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17
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Yehorova D, Crean RM, Kasson PM, Kamerlin SCL. Key interaction networks: Identifying evolutionarily conserved non-covalent interaction networks across protein families. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4911. [PMID: 38358258 PMCID: PMC10868456 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Protein structure (and thus function) is dictated by non-covalent interaction networks. These can be highly evolutionarily conserved across protein families, the members of which can diverge in sequence and evolutionary history. Here we present KIN, a tool to identify and analyze conserved non-covalent interaction networks across evolutionarily related groups of proteins. KIN is available for download under a GNU General Public License, version 2, from https://www.github.com/kamerlinlab/KIN. KIN can operate on experimentally determined structures, predicted structures, or molecular dynamics trajectories, providing insight into both conserved and missing interactions across evolutionarily related proteins. This provides useful insight both into protein evolution, as well as a tool that can be exploited for protein engineering efforts. As a showcase system, we demonstrate applications of this tool to understanding the evolutionary-relevant conserved interaction networks across the class A β-lactamases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariia Yehorova
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Rory M. Crean
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Peter M. Kasson
- Department of Molecular PhysiologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Department Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
- Department of Cell and Molecular BiologyUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Shina C. L. Kamerlin
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Department of Chemistry—BMCUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Ramatla T, Ramaili T, Lekota K, Mileng K, Ndou R, Mphuthi M, Khasapane N, Syakalima M, Thekisoe O. Antibiotic resistance and virulence profiles of Proteus mirabilis isolated from broiler chickens at abattoir in South Africa. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1371. [PMID: 38357843 PMCID: PMC10867704 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteus mirabilis has been identified as an important zoonotic pathogen, causing several illnesses such as diarrhoea, keratitis and urinary tract infections. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the prevalence of P. mirabilis in broiler chickens, its antibiotic resistance (AR) patterns, ESBL-producing P. mirabilis and the presence of virulence genes. METHODS A total of 26 isolates were confirmed as P. mirabilis from 480 pooled broiler chicken faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial susceptibility test, while nine virulence genes and 26 AR genes were also screened by PCR. RESULTS All 26 P. mirabilis isolates harboured the ireA (siderophore receptors), ptA, and zapA (proteases), ucaA, pmfA, atfA, and mrpA (fimbriae), hlyA and hpmA (haemolysins) virulence genes. The P. mirabilis isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (62%) and levofloxacin (54%), while 8 (30.7%) of the isolates were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR). PCR analysis identified the blaCTX-M gene (62%), blaTEM (58%) and blaCTX-M-2 (38%). Further screening for AMR genes identified mcr-1, cat1, cat2, qnrA, qnrD and mecA, 12%, 19%, 12%, 54%, 27% and 8%, respectively for P. mirabilis isolates. The prevalence of the integron integrase intI1 and intI2 genes was 43% and 4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The rise of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance, as well as MDR strains, is a public health threat that points to a challenge in the treatment of infections caused by these zoonotic bacteria. Furthermore, because ESBL-producing P. mirabilis has the potential to spread to humans, the presence of blaCTX -M -producing P. mirabilis in broilers should be kept under control. This is the first study undertaken to isolate P. mirabilis from chicken faecal samples and investigate its antibiotic resistance status as well as virulence profiles in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsepo Ramatla
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
- Gastrointestinal Research UnitDepartment of SurgerySchool of Clinical MedicineUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Taole Ramaili
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Kgaugelo Lekota
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Kealeboga Mileng
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
| | - Rendani Ndou
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Malekoba Mphuthi
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
| | - Ntelekwane Khasapane
- Department of Life SciencesCentre for Applied Food Safety and BiotechnologyCentral University of TechnologyBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Michelo Syakalima
- Department of Animal Health, School of AgricultureNorth‐West UniversityMmabathoSouth Africa
- Department of Disease ControlSchool of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of ZambiaLusakaZambia
| | - Oriel Thekisoe
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and ManagementNorth‐West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa
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Hefetz I, Bardenstein R, Rotem S, Zaide G, Bilinsky G, Shifman O, Zimhony O, Aloni-Grinstein R. Rapid Phenotypic Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiling of Clinical Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Blood Cultures. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:231. [PMID: 38534666 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are defined by the presence of viable bacteria or fungi, accompanied by systemic signs of infection. Choosing empirical therapy based solely on patient risk factors and prior antibiotic susceptibility test (AST) may lead to either ineffective treatment or unnecessarily broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure. In general, Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guideline-approved ASTs have a turnaround time of 48-72 h from sample to answer, a period that may result in a critical delay in the appropriate selection of therapy. Therefore, reducing the time required for AST is highly advantageous. We have previously shown that our novel rapid AST method, MAPt (Micro-Agar-PCR-test), accurately identifies susceptibility profiles for spiked bioterrorism agents like Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis and Francisella tularensis directly from whole-blood and blood culture samples, even at low bacterial levels (500 CFU/mL). This study evaluated the performance of MAPt on routine bloodstream infection (BSI), focusing on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical cultures, including resistant strains to some of the six tested antibiotics. Notably, MAPt yielded results exceeding 95% agreement with the standard hospital method within a significantly shorter timeframe of 6 h. These findings suggest significant potential for MAPt as a rapid and reliable BSI management tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idan Hefetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Rita Bardenstein
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7661041, Israel
| | - Shahar Rotem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Galia Zaide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Gal Bilinsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Ohad Shifman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Oren Zimhony
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Kaplan Medical Center Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7661041, Israel
| | - Ronit Aloni-Grinstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 7410001, Israel
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Sobkowiak A, Scherff N, Schuler F, Bletz S, Mellmann A, Schwierzeck V, van Almsick V. Plasmid-encoded gene duplications of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in clinical bacterial isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1343858. [PMID: 38469349 PMCID: PMC10925753 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1343858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The emergence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is an urgent and alarming One Health problem. This study aimed to investigate duplications of plasmid-encoded ESBL genes and their impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenotypes in clinical and screening isolates. Methods Multi-drug-resistant bacteria from hospitalized patients were collected during routine clinical surveillance from January 2022 to June 2023, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Genotypes were extracted from long-read whole-genome sequencing data. Furthermore, plasmids and other mobile genetic elements associated with ESBL genes were characterized, and the ESBL genes were correlated to ceftazidime minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Results In total, we identified four cases of plasmid-encoded ESBL gene duplications that match four genetically similar plasmids during the 18-month surveillance period: five Escherichia coli and three Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. As the ESBL genes were part of transposable elements, the surrounding sequence regions were duplicated as well. In-depth analysis revealed insertion sequence (IS)-mediated transposition mechanisms. Isolates with duplicated ESBL genes exhibited a higher MIC for ceftazidime in comparison to isolates with a single gene copy (3-256 vs. 1.5-32 mg/L, respectively). Conclusion ESBL gene duplications led to an increased phenotypic resistance against ceftazidime. Our data suggest that ESBL gene duplications by an IS-mediated transposition are a relevant mechanism for how AMR develops in the clinical setting and is part of the microevolution of plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Sobkowiak
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalie Scherff
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Franziska Schuler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Bletz
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Vera Schwierzeck
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Vincent van Almsick
- Institute of Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Cardiology I – Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Altamimi I, Binkhamis K, Alhumimidi A, Alabdulkarim IM, Almugren A, Alhemsi H, Altamimi A, Almazyed A, Elbih S, Alghunaim R, Altamimi A. Decline in ESBL Production and Carbapenem Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections among Key Bacterial Species during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:216. [PMID: 38534652 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in healthcare practices, including increased antibiotic usage. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the pandemic on the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production and carbapenem resistance among key bacterial species causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). Conducted at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh from January 2018 to December 2022, the study analyzed urine samples from 9697 UTI patients. Patients were categorized into 'pre-COVID-19' and 'during COVID-19' groups. Bacterial isolates were identified, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed following guidelines. ESBL production was detected using the Double-Disc Synergy Test. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the main pathogens. During the pandemic, ESBL production decreased in E. coli by 1.9% and in K. pneumoniae by 6.0%. Carbapenem resistance also declined, with E. coli displaying a 1.2% reduction and K. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa displaying 10.7% and 7.9% reductions, respectively. Notably, logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of ESBL presence were 10% lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.83-0.99; p = 0.040), and there was a significant reduction in the odds of carbapenem resistance (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.37-0.51; p < 0.001). This study reveals a significant decrease in ESBL production and carbapenem resistance among UTI pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic, hinting at the impact of modified antibiotic and healthcare approaches. It emphasizes the need for persistent antimicrobial resistance surveillance and policy adaptation to address resistance challenges, offering key directions for future public health actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraheem Altamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalifa Binkhamis
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Hadi Alhemsi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Altamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health and Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Almazyed
- Microbiology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Elbih
- Microbiology Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Alghunaim
- Pharmaceutical Care Division, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Altamimi
- Pediatric Emergency and Medical Toxicology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 11525, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Luna-Pineda VM, Rodríguez-Martínez G, Salazar-García M, Romo-Castillo M. Plant-Origin Components: New Players to Combat Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2134. [PMID: 38396811 PMCID: PMC10888558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) is an opportunistic pathogen that causes intrahospital complications such as pneumonia, liver abscesses, soft tissue infections, urinary infections, bacteraemia, and, in some cases, death. Since this bacterium has a higher frequency than other Gram-negative pathogens, it has become an important pathogen to the health sector. The adaptative genome of Kpn likely facilitates increased survival of the pathogen in diverse situations. Therefore, several studies have been focused on developing new molecules, synergistic formulations, and biomaterials that make it possible to combat and control infections with and dispersion of this pathogen. Note that the uncontrolled antibiotic administration that occurred during the pandemic led to the emergence of new multidrug-resistant strains, and scientists were challenged to overcome them. This review aims to compile the latest information on Kpn that generates intrahospital infections, specifically their pathogenicity-associated factors. Furthermore, it explains the natural-product-based treatments (extracts and essential oils) developed for Kpn infection and dispersion control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M. Luna-Pineda
- Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (V.M.L.-P.); (G.R.-M.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Griselda Rodríguez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Investigación en COVID-19, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (V.M.L.-P.); (G.R.-M.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Marcela Salazar-García
- Departamento de Investigación Biomédica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico;
| | - Mariana Romo-Castillo
- IxM/CONAHCYT-HIMFG, Laboratorio de Investigación en Inmunología y Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
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Sallam KI, Kasem NG, Abdelkhalek A, Elshebrawy HA. Extensively drug-, ciprofloxacin-, cefotaxime-, and azithromycin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from camel meat in Egypt. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 411:110538. [PMID: 38134580 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Given the great importance of Salmonella as a leading foodborne pathogen of global concern and the few available data regarding its prevalence in camel meat, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile, virulence genes, β-lactamase genes of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from camel meat marketed in Egypt. Forty-five (29.6 %) of the 152 camel meat samples examined were positive for Salmonella spp. Among the 432 Salmonella presumptive colonies isolated, 128 were molecularly verified as Salmonella after confirmation by PCR targeting the Salmonella marker (invA) gene. Virulence genes, encompassing stn, spvC, and hilA genes, were detected in 91.4 % (117/128), 20.3 % (26/128), and 80.5 % (103/128) of the isolates, respectively. S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Cerro, and S. Montevideo were the most prevalent serovars with incidences of 25 % (32/128), 15.6 % (20/128), 15.6 % (20/128), and 12.5 % (16/128), respectively. Interestingly, 56.3 %, 53.1 %, 37.5 %, 28.1 %, 21.9 %, 18.8 %, 12.5 %, and 3.1 % of the isolates tested showed resistance to cefepime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, colistin, meropenem, and azithromycin, respectively. Salmonella isolates showed resistance to at least one antibiotic, with a mean multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index of 0.472. Interestingly, 59.4 %, 15.6 %, and 3.1 % of the isolates were categorized into multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and pan-drug-resistant, respectively. Only 23 (25 %) of the 92 ampicillin-resistant isolates were proven to be Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, in which β-lactamase (bla) genes were detected. The blaOXA-2 was the most existing gene where it was detected lonely in 10 of the ampicillin-resistant isolates and coexisted with blaCMY-1 in 4 isolates and with blaCMY-2 in a single isolate. The blaCMY-1, however, existed in 11 isolates, whereas the blaCMY-2 gene was only detected in 3 isolates tested. The present findings affirm that camel meat could be a leading reservoir for multi- and extensively-drug-resistance β-lactamase-producing Salmonella, representing a global public health challenge. Therefore, further research is necessary to detect the prevalence and AMR of Salmonella serovars from camel meat in Egypt and other countries to put camel meat as a source of Salmonella in foods of animal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ibrahim Sallam
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nahed Gomaa Kasem
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdelkhalek
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Hend Ali Elshebrawy
- Department of Food Hygiene, Safety, and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Bose P, Chowdhury G, Halder G, Ghosh D, Deb AK, Kitahara K, Miyoshi SI, Morita M, Ramamurthy T, Dutta S, Mukhopadhyay AK. Prevalence and changing antimicrobial resistance profiles of Shigella spp. isolated from diarrheal patients in Kolkata during 2011-2019. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011964. [PMID: 38377151 PMCID: PMC10906866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of various Shigella serogroups isolated from patients with acute diarrhea of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata from 2011-2019. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS During the study period, Shigella isolates were tested for their serogroups, antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence gene profiles. A total of 5.8% of Shigella spp. were isolated, among which S. flexneri (76.1%) was the highest, followed by S. sonnei (18.7%), S. boydii (3.4%), and S. dysenteriae (1.8%). Antimicrobial resistance against nalidixic acid was higher in almost all the Shigella isolates, while the resistance to β-lactamases, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol diverged. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was found to be linked with various genes encoding drug-resistance, multiple mutations in the topoisomerase genes, and mobile genetic elements. All the isolates were positive for the invasion plasmid antigen H gene (ipaH). Dendrogram analysis of the plasmid and pulsed-field electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles revealed 70-80% clonal similarity among each Shigella serotype. CONCLUSION This comprehensive long-term surveillance report highlights the clonal diversity of clinical Shigella strains circulating in Kolkata, India, and shows alarming resistance trends towards recommended antibiotics. The elucidation of this study's outcome is helpful not only in identifying emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns of Shigella spp. but also in developing treatment guidelines appropriate for this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Bose
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, India
| | - Gourab Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Debjani Ghosh
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Alok K. Deb
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Kei Kitahara
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, India
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Miyoshi
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at ICMR-NICED, Kolkata, India
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masatomo Morita
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Guellouma FZ, Boussoussa H, Khachba I, Yousfi M, Ziane Khoudja I, Bourahla I. Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils' eradication of beta-lactamase and multidrug resistant clinical bacterial pathogens from hospital settings. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:796-806. [PMID: 37074231 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2201884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have become increasingly ineffective in the face of bacterial resistance, particularly in hospitals. Interestingly, there is high demand for bioprospecting of secondary metabolites, particularly for treating multidrug-resistant clinical diseases. In fact, Rosemary has been used for its antiseptic properties dating back to antiquity. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil against multidrug-resistant clinical bacterial pathogens. Results showed promising antibacterial activity against seven bacteria: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia odorifera, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Aeromonas hydrophila with MIC values of 35.7, 17.85, 71.4, 8.9, 17.8, 285.7, 35.7 µg/ml respectively and MBC values of 142.8, 71.4, 285.7, 35.7, 71.4, 571.5,71.4 µg/ml respectively. This study suggests that Rosmarinus essential oil can be used as a therapeutic agent in the fight against a wide range of multi-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hadjer Boussoussa
- Fundamental Sciences Research Laboratory, University Amar Thelidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Ihcen Khachba
- Fundamental Sciences Research Laboratory, University Amar Thelidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- Fundamental Sciences Research Laboratory, University Amar Thelidji, Laghouat, Algeria
| | | | - Ibrahim Bourahla
- Central Laboratory of the Hospital Akid Lotfi, Laghouat, Algeria
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26
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Musafer HK, Hussein NH, Kareem SM. Neonatal intensive care units: extended spectrum β-lactamase genes and biofilm formation by Serratia marcescens. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:167. [PMID: 38252349 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09124-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing cases of bloodstream infections among children at neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) led this work to investigate biofilm production, antibiotics and the presence of ESβL genes in Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) strains isolated from blood. METHODS Twenty S. marcescens strains were isolated and identified by the VITEK-2 system over 7 months from late 2022 to mid-2023 from Ibn Al-Balady Hospital in Baghdad. Kirby-Bauer test was used to measure antibiotic susceptibility. RESULTS The results revealed that 95% of twenty S. marcescens isolates were non-susceptible to Ampicillin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic. Furthermore, S. marcescens isolates showed a high sensitivity rate 70% toward Imipenem. All S. marcescens strains 100% were produced biofilm. This work clarifies that, out of 20 S. marcescens strains, 80% were harbored ESβL genes. The coexistence of blaTEM, blaCTX and blaSHV genes was shown in 43.75% of strains, while 56.25% of S. marcescens strains harbored single ES[Formula: see text]L genes. The biofilm values increase with the accuracy of EsβL genes. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequence of blaCTX-M and blaTEM were done with closely related genes in the GenBank using MEGA6 software. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of blaTEM, blaCTX and blaSHV genes among local S. marcescens strains may be attributed to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. The results confirmed the spread of ESβL genes in S. marcescens from blood infections among newborn infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel K Musafer
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Nadheema H Hussein
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sawsan M Kareem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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27
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Hinthong W, Thaotumpitak V, Sripradite J, Indrawattana N, Srisook T, Kongngoen T, R. Atwill E, Jeamsripong S. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence profile, and genetic analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from Nile tilapia in fresh markets and supermarkets in Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296857. [PMID: 38215169 PMCID: PMC10786378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Nile tilapia from fresh markets and supermarkets. A total of samples (n = 828) were collected from Nile tilapia including fish flesh (n = 276), liver and kidney (n = 276), and intestine (n = 276). Overall prevalence of fecal coliforms (61.6%) and E. coli (53.0%) were observed. High prevalence of E. coli was found in the intestine (71.4%), followed by the liver and kidney (45.7%). The highest prevalence of resistance was commonly found against tetracycline (78.5%), ampicillin (72.8%), and sulfamethoxazole (45.6%) with resistance to only tetracycline (15.2%) as the most common antibiogram. The prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) (54.4%) and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) (5.7%) were examined. The predominant virulence genes (n = 158) were st (14.6%), followed by eaeA (0.6%). The blaTEM (73.4%), tetA (65.2%), and qnrS (57.6%). There is statistical significance between Nile tilapia from fresh markets and supermarkets. Based on logistic regression analysis, ampicillin-resistant E. coli was statistically associated with the phenotypic resistance to tetracycline and trimethoprim, and the presence of blaTEM and tetA (p < 0.05). Further investigation of AMR transference and their mechanisms is needed for AMR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woranich Hinthong
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Varangkana Thaotumpitak
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jarukorn Sripradite
- Department of Social and Applied Science, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitaya Indrawattana
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thassanee Srisook
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thida Kongngoen
- Department Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Edward R. Atwill
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Saharuetai Jeamsripong
- Research Unit in Microbial Food Safety and Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Steinke K, Pamp SJ, Munk P. MAGICIAN: MAG simulation for investigating criteria for bioinformatic analysis. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:55. [PMID: 38216924 PMCID: PMC10785454 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The possibility of recovering metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from sequence reads allows for further insights into microbial communities and their members, possibly even analyzing such sequences with tools designed for single-isolate genomes. As result quality depends on sequence quality, performance of tools for single-isolate genomes on MAGs should be tested beforehand. Bioinformatics can be leveraged to quickly create varied synthetic test sets with known composition for this purpose. RESULTS We present MAGICIAN, a flexible, user-friendly pipeline for the simulation of MAGs. MAGICIAN combines a synthetic metagenome simulator with a metagenomic assembly and binning pipeline to simulate MAGs based on user-supplied input genomes, allowing users to test performance of tools on MAGs while having a ground truth to compare results to. Using MAGICIAN, we found that even very slight (1%) changes in depth of coverage can drastically affect whether a genome can be recovered. We also demonstrate the use of simulated MAGs by evaluating the suitability of such genomes obtained with MAGICIAN's current default pipeline for analysis with the antimicrobial resistance gene identification tool ResFinder. CONCLUSIONS Using MAGICIAN, it is possible to simulate MAGs which, while generally high in quality, reflect issues encountered with real-world data, thus providing realistic best-case data. Evaluating the results of ResFinder analysis of these genomes revealed a risk for plausible-looking false positives, which underlines the need for pipeline validation so that researchers are aware of the potential issues when interpreting real-world data. Furthermore, the effects of fluctuations in depth of coverage on genome recovery in our simulated "random sequencing" warrant further investigation and indicate random subsampling of reads may affect discovery of more genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kat Steinke
- Center for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 204, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, J. B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sünje J Pamp
- Center for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 204, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Patrick Munk
- Center for Genomic Epidemiology, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 204, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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Nakagawa T, Shigehara K, Shinzawa R, Yaegashi H, Kawaguchi S, Nohara T, Izumi K, Mizokami A. Comparing ceftolozane/tazobactam versus piperacillin/tazobactam for the initial empiric therapy of urinary tract infections: A retrospective comparative study. J Infect Chemother 2024; 30:12-16. [PMID: 37660735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study compares the clinical and microbiological efficacy of ceftolozane/tazobactam (CTLZ/TAZ) and piperacillin/tazobactam (PIPC/TAZ) for treating complicated cystitis or acute pyelonephritis. METHODS Patients who had been treated with empiric antibiotics, CTLZ/TAZ (52 cases) or PIPC/TAZ (47 cases), due to urinary tract infections (UTIs) were eligible for this study. Patients' demographic backgrounds, types of UTIs, and causative microorganisms isolated from urine or blood bacterial cultures were collected. Short-term clinical efficacy at the end of the initial empiric therapy, long-term clinical efficacy including sequential antibiotic treatments (nonrecurrence rate within 1 month after the initial empiric therapy), and microbiological efficacy were retrospectively compared in both CTLZ/TAZ and PIPC/TAZ groups. RESULTS Complicated UTIs were present in most eligible patients, and no significant difference in the patients' background was observed between the two groups. Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis were the most common microorganisms isolated from urine culture in both groups. The short-term clinical effective rate of CTLZ/TAZ and PIPC/TAZ was 80.8% and 87.2%, respectively. For long-term clinical efficacy, the nonrecurrence rate of UTIs was present in 95.1% and 89.7% of patients with CTLZ/TAZ and PIPC/TAZ, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the short- and long-term effects between the two groups. The microbiological efficacy of the CTLZ/TAZ and PIPC/TAZ groups was 72.7% and 86.0%, respectively. No significant difference in microbiological effects was also observed between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the noninferiority of CTLZ/TAZ to PIPC/TAZ, suggesting that CTLZ/TAZ is an alternative antibiotic used as empiric therapy for UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Nakagawa
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Rei Shinzawa
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yaegashi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nohara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
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Nielsen MR, Brodersen DE. Structural Variations and Rearrangements in Bacterial Type II Toxin-Antitoxin Systems. Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:245-267. [PMID: 38963490 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria encode a wide range of survival and immunity systems, including CRISPR-Cas, restriction-modification systems, and toxin-antitoxin systems involved in defence against bacteriophages, as well as survival during challenging growth conditions or exposure to antibiotics. Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are small two- or three-gene cassettes consisting of a metabolic regulator (the "toxin") and its associated antidote (the "antitoxin"), which also often functions as a transcriptional regulator. TA systems are widespread in the genomes of pathogens but are also present in commensal bacterial species and on plasmids. For mobile elements such as plasmids, TA systems play a role in maintenance, and increasing evidence now points to roles of chromosomal toxin-antitoxin systems in anti-phage defence. Moreover, the widespread occurrence of toxin-antitoxin systems in the genomes of pathogens has been suggested to relate to survival during host infection as well as in persistence during antibiotic treatment. Upon repeated exposure to antibiotics, TA systems have been shown to acquire point mutations as well as more dramatic rearrangements such as in-frame deletions with potential relevance for bacterial survival and pathogenesis. In this review, we present an overview of the known functional and structural consequences of mutations and rearrangements arising in bacterial toxin-antitoxin systems and discuss their relevance for survival and persistence of pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ditlev E Brodersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Gelalcha BD, Gelgie AE, Kerro Dego O. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in East Tennessee dairy farms. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1260433. [PMID: 38239744 PMCID: PMC10795760 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1260433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli, are emerging as a serious threat to global health due to their rapid spread and their multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. However, limited information is available regarding the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of ESBL-E. coli in the United States dairy farms. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and AMR pattern of ESBL-E. coli in East Tennessee dairy cattle farms. Methods Rectal fecal samples from dairy cattle (n = 508) and manure (n = 30), water (n = 19), and feed samples (n = 15) were collected from 14 farms. The presumptive E. coli was isolated on CHROMagar™ ESBL and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on the ESBL-E. coli isolates. Results and discussion From 572 fecal and farm environmental samples, a total of 233 (41%, n = 572) ESBL-E. coli were identified. The prevalence of fecal ESBL-E. coli was 47.5% (95% CI: 46.2-49.2). The within-farm prevalence of ESBL-E. coli ranged from 8 to 100%. Recent treatment history with third-generation cephalosporins (3GC), cow parity ≥3, and calves were the independent risk factors associated (P < 0.05) with fecal carriage of ESBL-E. coli. Overall, 99.6% (n = 231) ESBL-E. coli tested were phenotypically resistant to at least one of the 14 antimicrobial agents tested. The most common AMR phenotypes were against beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin (99.1%; n = 231 isolates), and ceftriaxone (98.7%, n = 231). Most ESBL-E. coli isolates (94.4%) were MDR (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), of which 42.6% showed co-resistance to at least six classes of antimicrobials. ESBL-E. coli isolates with concurrent resistance to ceftriaxone, ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and chloramphenicol are widespread and detected in all the farms. The detection of MDR ESBL-E. coli suggests that dairy cattle can be a reservoir for these bacteria, highlighting the associated public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Kim J, Lee D. The Natural Ficus carica L. (fig) Extract as an Effective Prophylactic Antibacterial Agent for Inflammation-Related Infections. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2356. [PMID: 38137957 PMCID: PMC10744453 DOI: 10.3390/life13122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is a multidrug-resistance Gram-negative organism responsible for carbapenem-resistant infections. These challenges have inspired studies on the use of natural products as alternatives to conventional drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze the antibacterial and antioxidant effects of Ficus carica L. (fig) branch extracts and to perform in vivo animal experiments to better understand the absorption mechanisms of the antibacterial components during the digestion process after oral administration. The antibacterial components of the fig branch extracts were analyzed via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). An in vivo animal study and liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS/MS) analyses were performed to analyze the deacetylation reactions of the fig extracts after oral administration in mice. Ultimately, the antibacterial effects of the fig extracts increased with the fractional distillation time. The fig extracts showed excellent antibacterial effects against K. pneumoniae, as well as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The three antibacterial and antioxidant components of the fig extracts were revealed to be eugenol, acetyleugenol, and psoralen. Interestingly, in this study, we identified acetyleugenol in the phenolic compounds of the fig extract for the first time. Through in vivo animal testing, we observed the deacetylation reaction of acetyleugenol to eugenol in the fig extract as digestion proceeded in the internal organs of the mice after oral administration. The results of this study suggest the use of natural fig extract as an effective therapeutic and prophylactic antibacterial agent for inflammation-related infections with a wide variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyoung Kim
- Department of Bio-Nano System Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 53896, Republic of Korea;
| | - Donghwan Lee
- Division of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 53896, Republic of Korea
- Hemorheology Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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Di Francesco A, Salvatore D, Gobbi M, Morandi B. Antimicrobial resistance genes in a golden jackal (Canis aureus L. 1758) from Central Italy. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2351-2355. [PMID: 37436553 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years an increasing interest has been focused on the contribution of wildlife in ecology and evolution of the antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of this study was to molecularly investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in organ samples from a golden jackal (Canis aureus) found dead in the Marche region (Central Italy). Samples from lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and intestine were investigated by PCRs targeting the following genes: tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(S), tet(P), tet(Q), tet(X), sul1, sul2, sul3, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, and mcr-1 to mcr-10. One or more ARGs were detected in all organs tested, except the spleen. Specifically, the lung and liver were positive for tet(M) and tet(P), the kidney for mcr-1 and the intestine for tet(A), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(P), sul3 and blaTEM-1. These results, according to the opportunistic foraging strategy of the jackal, confirm its potential role as a good bioindicator of AMR environmental contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Di Francesco
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - D Salvatore
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), University of Bologna, Ozzano dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - M Gobbi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
| | - B Morandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche 'Togo Rosati', Perugia, Italy
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Jung HR, Lee YJ, Hong S, Yoon S, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Current status of β-lactam antibiotic use and characterization of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli from commercial farms by integrated broiler chicken operations in Korea. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103091. [PMID: 37839166 PMCID: PMC10587523 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are one of the most clinical importance in human and veterinary medicine because they are used for both preventive and therapeutic purposes against several gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic organisms. In this study, it was confirmed that β-lactams (81.1%) were found to be significantly prescribed the most among 74 farms in 5 integrated broiler operations, and single prescription (84.6%), 2-day (41.5%) or 3-day (40.0%) administration, and 15 to 22 d of age (67.7%) administration was significantly higher in the farms (P < 0.05). Among the E. coli isolated from 74 farms in 5 integrated broiler operations, β-lactam-resistant E. coli isolates were detected more frequently in fecal sample (94.6%) than in dust sample (60.8%) (P < 0.05). The prevalence of MDR in β-lactam-resistant isolates, ranging from 88.1 to 96.5%, was significantly higher than that in non-β-lactam-resistant isolates (P < 0.05), without significant differences among operations. Of 466 β-lactam-resistant isolates, 432 (92.7%) isolates harbored β-lactamase genes. The non-extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) gene blaTEM-1 (81.8%) showed the highest prevalence among isolates, followed by the non-ESBL gene blaTEM-135 (6.4%) (P < 0.05). Five ESBL genes, SHV-12, OXA-1, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-55, and CTX-M-65, were found in 0.9 to 6.0% of the isolates. The pAmpC gene blaCMY-2 was detected in 17 isolates (3.6%). These results suggest that feces and dust are important reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, highlighting the need to strengthen farm management regulations, such as cleaning, disinfection, and litter disposal and to reduce the use of antibiotics in broiler operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ri Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Serim Hong
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Yoon
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-si 39660, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Gelalcha BD, Mohammed RI, Gelgie AE, Kerro Dego O. Molecular epidemiology and pathogenomics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli and - Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bulk tank milk in Tennessee, USA. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1283165. [PMID: 38029210 PMCID: PMC10658008 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1283165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The rise in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy cattle farms poses a risk to human health as they can spread to humans through the food chain, including raw milk. This study was designed to determine the status, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenic potential of ESBL-producing -E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. isolates from bulk tank milk (BTM). Methods Thirty-three BTM samples were collected from 17 dairy farms and screened for ESBL-E. coli and -Klebsiella spp. on CHROMagar ESBL plates. All isolates were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Results Ten presumptive ESBL-producing bacteria, eight E. coli, and two K. pneumoniae were isolated. The prevalence of ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae in BTM was 21.2% and 6.1%, respectively. ESBL-E. coli were detected in 41.2% of the study farms. Seven of the ESBL-E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The two ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to ceftriaxone. Seven ESBL-E. coli strains carry the blaCTX-M gene, and five of them co-harbored blaTEM-1. ESBL-E. coli co-harbored blaCTX-M with other resistance genes, including qnrB19, tet(A), aadA1, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id), floR, sul2, and chromosomal mutations (gyrA, gyrB, parC, parE, and pmrB). Most E. coli resistance genes were associated with mobile genetic elements, mainly plasmids. Six sequence types (STs) of E. coli were detected. All ESBL-E. coli were predicted to be pathogenic to humans. Four STs (three ST10 and ST69) were high-risk clones of E. coli. Up to 40 virulence markers were detected in all E. coli isolates. One of the K. pneumoniae was ST867; the other was novel strain. K. pneumoniae isolates carried three types of beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1 and blaSHV). The novel K. pneumoniae ST also carried a novel IncFII(K) plasmid ST. Conclusion Detection of high-risk clones of MDR ESBL-E. coli and ESBL-K. pneumoniae in BTM indicates that raw milk could be a reservoir of potentially zoonotic ESBL-E. coli and -K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benti D. Gelalcha
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Ruwaa I. Mohammed
- Department of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Aga E. Gelgie
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
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Gauba A, Rahman KM. Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1590. [PMID: 37998792 PMCID: PMC10668847 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are exponentially increasing, posing one of the most urgent global healthcare and economic threats. Due to the lack of new therapies, the World Health Organization classified these bacterial species as priority pathogens in 2017, known as ESKAPE pathogens. This classification emphasizes the need for urgent research and development of novel targeted therapies. The majority of these priority pathogens are Gram-negative species, which possess a structurally dynamic cell envelope enabling them to resist multiple antibiotics, thereby leading to increased mortality rates. Despite 6 years having passed since the WHO classification, the progress in generating new treatment ideas has not been sufficient, and antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, acting as a global ticking time bomb. Numerous efforts and strategies have been employed to combat the rising levels of antibiotic resistance by targeting specific resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms include antibiotic inactivating/modifying enzymes, outer membrane porin remodelling, enhanced efflux pump action, and alteration of antibiotic target sites. Some strategies have demonstrated clinical promise, such as the utilization of beta-lactamase inhibitors as antibiotic adjuvants, as well as recent advancements in machine-based learning employing artificial intelligence to facilitate the production of novel narrow-spectrum antibiotics. However, further research into an enhanced understanding of the precise mechanisms by which antibiotic resistance occurs, specifically tailored to each bacterial species, could pave the way for exploring narrow-spectrum targeted therapies. This review aims to introduce the key features of Gram-negative bacteria and their current treatment approaches, summarizing the major antibiotic resistance mechanisms with a focus on Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, potential directions for alternative therapies will be discussed, along with their relative modes of action, providing a future perspective and insight into the discipline of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK;
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Piérard D, Hermsen ED, Kantecki M, Arhin FF. Antimicrobial Activities of Aztreonam-Avibactam and Comparator Agents against Enterobacterales Analyzed by ICU and Non-ICU Wards, Infection Sources, and Geographic Regions: ATLAS Program 2016-2020. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1591. [PMID: 37998793 PMCID: PMC10668788 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance among multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE), in particular metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-positive strains, has led to limited treatment options in these isolates. This study evaluated the activity of aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) and comparator antimicrobials against Enterobacterales isolates and key resistance phenotypes stratified by wards, infection sources and geographic regions as part of the ATLAS program between 2016 and 2020. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The susceptibility of antimicrobials were interpreted using CLSI and European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) breakpoints. A tentative pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic breakpoint of 8 µg/mL was considered for ATM-AVI activity. ATM-AVI inhibited ≥99.2% of Enterobacterales isolates across wards and ≥99.7% isolates across infection sources globally and in all regions at ≤8 µg/mL. For resistance phenotypes, ATM-AVI demonstrated sustained activity across wards and infection sources by inhibiting ≥98.5% and ≥99.1% of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates, ≥98.6% and ≥99.1% of ESBL-positive isolates, ≥96.8% and ≥90.9% of carbapenem-resistant (CR) isolates, and ≥96.8% and ≥97.4% of MBL-positive isolates, respectively, at ≤8 µg/mL globally and across regions. Overall, our study demonstrated that ATM-AVI represents an important therapeutic option for infections caused by Enterobacterales, including key resistance phenotypes across different wards and infection sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Piérard
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium;
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Farhat N, Khan AU. Repurposing FDA approved drug molecules against A B C classes of β-lactamases: a computational biology and molecular dynamics simulations study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37909541 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2276890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
β-lactamase are the main resistance factor for β-lactam antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria. Since β-lactam antibiotics are being utilised as an antimicrobial agents extensively for the past 70 years, a large number of β-lactam-inactivating β-lactamases have been produced by bacteria. Here, we employed a structure-based drug discovery approach to identify and assess the efficacy of a potential medication that might block the β-lactamases which hydrolyse antibiotics. The FDA-approved medications were subjected to virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, density functional theory, and covalent docking against the β-lactamases. We identified diosmin, hidrosmin, monoxuritin and solasulfone as β-lactamase inhibitors which are authorised for therapeutic use in humans. These medications interact in a remarkable variety of non-covalent ways with the conserved residues in the substrate-binding pocket of the β-lactamases. Diosmin has been identified as an inhibitor that binds covalently to the NDM-1 a class B metallo-betalactamase. After experimental validation and clinical demonstration, this study offers adequate evidence for the therapeutic use of these drugs for controlling multidrug resistance.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Farhat
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab. Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Lab. Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Sampah J, Owusu-Frimpong I, Aboagye FT, Owusu-Ofori A. Prevalence of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a teaching hospital in Ghana. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274156. [PMID: 37903118 PMCID: PMC10615269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production among Gram-negative Enterobacteriaceae is an increasing global challenge due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with their infections, especially in developing countries where there are little antibiotic treatment options. Despite these challenges, few studies in Ghana have described the burden of CRE. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital (CCTH) in the Central region of Ghana. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected from April to July 2019 at the bacteriology unit of CCTH using a consecutive sampling method. Isolates were identified by standard microbiological techniques and confirmed using API 20E. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiogram of isolates. Isolates were also subjected to ESBL testing using the single-disc combination method. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were identified by the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and then examined genotypically for the presence of blaKPC-1, blaIMP-1, blaVIM-1, blaNDM-1, and blaOXA-48 genes via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 230 isolates comprising E. coli (40.9%), Citrobacter spp. (32.6%), K. pneumoniae (9.1%), P. mirabilis (6.1%), P. vulgaris (5.2%), Enterobacter spp (3.5%)., K. oxytoca (2.2%), and Serratia marcenses (0.4%). Most isolates were from urine 162(70.4%) and wound samples. The isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin 171 (74.3%) and cefuroxime 134(58.3%). The prevalence of MDR was 35.2% (81), with E. coli 40(42.6%) being the majority that exhibited MDR. Of the 230 isolates, 113(49.1%) were ESBL producers, with E. coli 54(57.5%) accounting for the majority, while Serratia marcenses was the least. Of the 13 (5.7%) CRE isolates that showed resistance towards carbapenem in the disc diffusion method, 11 showed the presence of the blaNDM-1 gene, while all isolates showed the presence of the blaOXA-48 gene. CONCLUSION The prevalence of carbapenem resistance and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae pathogens among patients at the Cape Coast Teaching Hospital is high and alarming. Therefore, it is imperative to consider effective infection prevention and control measures should be implemented at the hospital to prevent the rapid spread of these dangerous organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sampah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Laboratory Department, St. Patrick’s Hospital, Offinso, Ghana
| | - Isaac Owusu-Frimpong
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank Twum Aboagye
- CSIR-Water Research Institute, Biomedical and Public Health Research Unit, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alex Owusu-Ofori
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Laboratory Services Directorate Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
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Husna A, Rahman MM, Badruzzaman ATM, Sikder MH, Islam MR, Rahman MT, Alam J, Ashour HM. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBL): Challenges and Opportunities. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2937. [PMID: 38001938 PMCID: PMC10669213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance, particularly from extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E), poses a significant global health challenge as it frequently causes the failure of empirical antibiotic therapy, leading to morbidity and mortality. The E. coli- and K. pneumoniae-derived CTX-M genotype is one of the major types of ESBL. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are involved in spreading ESBL genes among the bacterial population. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of ESBL-E, there is a lack of specific standard examination methods. Carbapenem has been considered the drug of first choice against ESBL-E. However, carbapenem-sparing strategies and alternative treatment options are needed due to the emergence of carbapenem resistance. In South Asian countries, the irrational use of antibiotics might have played a significant role in aggravating the problem of ESBL-induced AMR. Superbugs showing resistance to last-resort antibiotics carbapenem and colistin have been reported in South Asian regions, indicating a future bleak picture if no urgent action is taken. To counteract the crisis, we need rapid diagnostic tools along with efficient treatment options. Detailed studies on ESBL and the implementation of the One Health approach including systematic surveillance across the public and animal health sectors are strongly recommended. This review provides an overview of the background, associated risk factors, transmission, and therapy of ESBL with a focus on the current situation and future threat in the developing countries of the South Asian region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaul Husna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Md. Masudur Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - A. T. M. Badruzzaman
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan Town 350, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Mahmudul Hasan Sikder
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Rafiqul Islam
- Livestock Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Jahangir Alam
- Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Hossam M. Ashour
- Department of Integrative Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA
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Zhang S, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Wang M, Jia R, Chen S, Liu M, Zhu D, Zhao X, Wu Y, Yang Q, Huang J, Ou X, Mao S, Gao Q, Sun D, Tian B, Cheng A. Implications of different waterfowl farming on cephalosporin resistance: Investigating the role of bla CTX-M-55. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102929. [PMID: 37562134 PMCID: PMC10432832 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the cephalosporin resistance of Escherichia coli from waterfowl among different breeding mode farms. In 2021, we isolated 200 strains of E. coli from waterfowl feces samples collected from Sichuan, Heilongjiang, and Anhui provinces. The key findings are: Out of the 200 strains, 80, 80, and 40 strains were isolated from waterfowl feces samples in intensive, courtyard, and outdoor breeding mode farms, respectively. The overall positive rate of the ESBL phenotype, detecting by the double disk diffusion method, was 68.00% (136/200). In particular, the rates for intensive, courtyard, and outdoor breeding modes were 98.75%, 36.25%, and 70.00%, respectively. Results of MIC test showed drug resistance rates in the intensive breeding mode: 100.00% for cephalothin, 38.75% for cefoxitin, 100.00% for cefotaxime, and 100.00% for cefepime. In courtyard breeding mode, the corresponding rates were 100.00%, 40.00%, 63.75%, and 45.00%, respectively. In outdoor breeding mode, the corresponding rates were 100.00%, 52.50%, 82.50%, and 77.50%, respectively. The PCR results for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaOXA, and blaSHV showed the detection rate of blaCTX-M was highest at 75.50%, with blaCTX-M-55 is the main subtype gene, followed by blaTEM at 73.50%. We screened 58 donor strains carrying blaCTX-M-55, including 52 strains from the intensive breeding mode. These donor bacteria can transfer different plasmids to recipient E. coli J53, resulting in recipient bacteria acquiring cephalosporin resistance, and the conjugational transfer frequency ranged from 1.01 × 10-5 to 6.56 × 10-2. The transferred plasmids remained stable in recipient bacteria for up to several days without significant adaptation costs observed. During molecular typing of E. coli with conjugational transfer ability, the blaCTX-M-55 was found to be widely present in different ST strains with several phylogenetic groups. In summary, cephalosporin resistance of E. coli carried by waterfowl birds in intensive breeding mode farm was significantly higher than in courtyard and outdoor mode farms. The blaCTX-M-55 subtype gene was the prevalent ARGs and can be horizontally transferred through plasmids, which plays a key role in the spread of cephalosporin drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaqiu Zhang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyuan Guo
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang 621023, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Juan Huang
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Sai Mao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Qun Gao
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Di Sun
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Bin Tian
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China; Engineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China.
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Raja MMM, Reehana N, Ahamed AA, Begum AF. Characterization of bioactive compound isolated from Micromonospora marina KPMS1 and its activity against emerging antibiotics resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae HAUTI7 and Proteus vulgaris HAUTI14. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:125954. [PMID: 37532185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple antibiotic resistances have increased gradually in many classes of antibiotics among the gram negative organisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris which are the major causes of infection among worldwide. Nearly a hundred urine samples were collected, among them 16 urine samples were having plasmid and its resistant to various antibiotics. This present investigation has determined the resistant plasmid pattern of multi drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris from urinary tract site isolated from hospital patients. The detection and characterization of antimicrobial metabolite derived from marine sediments that produce potent activity against multidrug resistant pathogen. The 16S rRNA sequencing results and phylogeny showed that the resistant bacteria belong to the genera of Klebsiella pneumoniae HAUTI7 and Proteus vulgaris HAUTI14. The antibacterial activity and the characterization of bioactive compound like FT-IR and NMR studies were performed to analyze the structural elucidation of active compounds derived from marine source Micromonospora marina KPMS1. The 16S rRNA sequences of Micromonospora marina KPMS1was deposited in the Gen bank with the accession number MH036351. The effective bioactive compound derived from marine sediments are virtually unlimited interest that control the emerging multiple antibiotic resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mohamed Mahroop Raja
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N Reehana
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Asrar Ahamed
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Fasila Begum
- PG and Research Department of Microbiology, Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 020, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang C, Pham HQ, Zhu L, Wang R, Law OK, Lin SL, Nie QC, Zhang L, Wang X, Lau TCK. Comparative Analysis of Transcriptome and Proteome Revealed the Common Metabolic Pathways Induced by Prevalent ESBL Plasmids in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14009. [PMID: 37762311 PMCID: PMC10531281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has emerged as one of the most significant threats to global public health. Plasmids, which are highly efficient self-replicating genetic vehicles, play a critical role in the dissemination of drug-resistant genes. Previous studies have mainly focused on drug-resistant genes only, often neglecting the complete functional role of multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids in bacteria. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the transcriptomes and proteomes of Escherichia coli J53 transconjugants harboring six major MDR plasmids of different incompatibility (Inc) groups, which were clinically isolated from patients. The RNA-seq analysis revealed that MDR plasmids influenced the gene expression in the bacterial host, in particular, the genes related to metabolic pathways. A proteomic analysis demonstrated the plasmid-induced regulation of several metabolic pathways including anaerobic respiration and the utilization of various carbon sources such as serine, threonine, sialic acid, and galactarate. These findings suggested that MDR plasmids confer a growth advantage to bacterial hosts in the gut, leading to the expansion of plasmid-carrying bacteria over competitors without plasmids. Moreover, this study provided insights into the versatility of prevalent MDR plasmids in moderating the cellular gene network of bacteria, which could potentially be utilized in therapeutics development for bacteria carrying MDR plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hoa-Quynh Pham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oi-Kwan Law
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Ling Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qi-Chang Nie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Terrence Chi-Kong Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (C.H.); (H.-Q.P.); (L.Z.); (R.W.); (O.-K.L.); (S.-L.L.); (Q.-C.N.); (L.Z.)
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Khodaparast L, Khodaparast L, Wu G, Michiels E, Gallardo R, Houben B, Garcia T, De Vleeschouwer M, Ramakers M, Wilkinson H, Duran-Romaña R, Van Eldere J, Rousseau F, Schymkowitz J. Exploiting the aggregation propensity of beta-lactamases to design inhibitors that induce enzyme misfolding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5571. [PMID: 37689716 PMCID: PMC10492782 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an arms race between beta-lactam antibiotics development and co-evolving beta-lactamases, which provide resistance by breaking down beta-lactam rings. We have observed that certain beta-lactamases tend to aggregate, which persists throughout their evolution under the selective pressure of antibiotics on their active sites. Interestingly, we find that existing beta-lactamase active site inhibitors can act as molecular chaperones, promoting the proper folding of these resistance factors. Therefore, we have created Pept-Ins, synthetic peptides designed to exploit the structural weaknesses of beta-lactamases by causing them to misfold into intracellular inclusion bodies. This approach restores sensitivity to a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics in resistant clinical isolates, including those with Extended Spectrum variants that pose significant challenges in medical practice. Our findings suggest that targeted aggregation of resistance factors could offer a strategy for identifying molecules that aid in addressing the global antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladan Khodaparast
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Laleh Khodaparast
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Guiqin Wu
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Michiels
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rodrigo Gallardo
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Houben
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Garcia
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias De Vleeschouwer
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Meine Ramakers
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hannah Wilkinson
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ramon Duran-Romaña
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Eldere
- Laboratory of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frederic Rousseau
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Joost Schymkowitz
- Switch Laboratory, VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Switch Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Uhland FC, Li XZ, Mulvey MR, Reid-Smith R, Sherk LM, Ziraldo H, Jin G, Young KM, Reist M, Carson CA. Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales of Shrimp and Salmon Available for Purchase by Consumers in Canada-A Risk Profile Using the Codex Framework. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1412. [PMID: 37760708 PMCID: PMC10525137 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-EB) encompass several important human pathogens and are found on the World Health Organization (WHO) priority pathogens list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. They are a group of organisms which demonstrate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) and their presence has been documented worldwide, including in aquaculture and the aquatic environment. This risk profile was developed following the Codex Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance with the objectives of describing the current state of knowledge of ESBL-EB in relation to retail shrimp and salmon available to consumers in Canada, the primary aquacultured species consumed in Canada. The risk profile found that Enterobacterales and ESBL-EB have been found in multiple aquatic environments, as well as multiple host species and production levels. Although the information available did not permit the conclusion as to whether there is a human health risk related to ESBLs in Enterobacterales in salmon and shrimp available for consumption by Canadians, ESBL-EB in imported seafood available at the retail level in Canada have been found. Surveillance activities to detect ESBL-EB in seafood are needed; salmon and shrimp could be used in initial surveillance activities, representing domestic and imported products.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Carl Uhland
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1H 7M7, Canada
| | - Xian-Zhi Li
- Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michael R. Mulvey
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Richard Reid-Smith
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1H 7M7, Canada
| | - Lauren M. Sherk
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1H 7M7, Canada
| | - Hilary Ziraldo
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1H 7M7, Canada
| | - Grace Jin
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1H 7M7, Canada
| | - Kaitlin M. Young
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Mark Reist
- Veterinary Drugs Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carolee A. Carson
- Centre for Foodborne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, ON N1H 7M7, Canada
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Konputtar A, Yossapol M, Phaechaiyaphum T, Manyuen P, Suetrong N, Ruksachat N, Purisotayo T. Epidemiological study of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in healthy free-ranging bantengs ( Bos javanicus) and domestic cattle. Vet World 2023; 16:1796-1802. [PMID: 37859948 PMCID: PMC10583867 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1796-1802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) have been increasing among wild animals. Interactions occurring at the interface between wildlife, humans, and livestock can lead to the transmission of ARMs. Thus, the prevalence of ARMs in wild and domestic animals should be determined to address and prevent this issue. This study aimed to determine the resistance patterns of cefotaxime (CTX)-resistant Escherichia coli and identify the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes in ESBL-producing E. coli among a population of wild banteng (Bos javanicus) and domestic cattle kept on farms located close to the Lam Pao non-hunting area, Kalasin province, Thailand. Materials and Methods Forty-five fecal samples were taken from wild bantengs inhabiting the Lam Pao non-hunting area in Thailand, alongside 15 samples from domestic cattle. Bacterial culture, triple sugar iron, and motile indole lysine tests were conducted to identify E. coli. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted for specific confirmation. MacConkey agar supplemented with 2 μg/mL of CTX was used to identify CTX-resistant E. coli, which would be used to identify ESBL production based on a double-disk synergy test. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing samples were subjected to disk diffusion tests to determine resistant patterns, and the sizes of PCR bands and DNA sequencing were used to differentiate ESBL gene types. Results All samples tested positive for E. coli. Forty-five isolates from 15 banteng samples and three isolates from one domestic cattle sample displayed CTX-resistant and ESBL-producing traits. The banteng and domestic cattle populations exhibited nine and three distinct resistant patterns, respectively. The PCR results indicated that the banteng isolates harbored the following genes: Cefotaxime-M1 (n = 38), CTX-M9 (n = 5), and the SHV group (n = 2). All three isolates from the domestic cattle sample contained the CTX-M1 gene. Classification of ESBL genes based on the DNA sequences of the banteng isolates showed the characteristics of CTX-M15 (n = 20), CTX-M55 (n = 6), CTX-M14 (n = 5), and CTX-M79 (n = 1). The three domestic cattle isolates exhibited the characteristics of CTX-M15, CTX-M55, and CTX-M79. Conclusion Despite no previous antibiotic applications, approximately one-third of the banteng samples displayed CTX resistance, indicating ARM contamination within the ecosystem. The similarity in ESBL genes between the banteng and domestic cattle populations suggests potential gene transmissions between these animal groups. However, the initial source of ARMs remains unclear, as the banteng population exhibited more ESBL genes than the domestic cattle, suggesting the possibility of multiple ARM sources. These findings raise concerns because the banteng population inhabits an area that is an important source of freshwater and nourishes the entire north-east region of Thailand and other South-east Asian countries, including Laos, Cambodia, and Southern Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithep Konputtar
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Montira Yossapol
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | | | - Phaphatsorn Manyuen
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Nannapas Suetrong
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Nuntita Ruksachat
- Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tarid Purisotayo
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
- Veterinary Infectious Disease Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
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Shakya AK, Al-Sulaibi M, Naik RR, Nsairat H, Suboh S, Abulaila A. Review on PLGA Polymer Based Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Properties and Their Application in Various Medical Conditions or Infections. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3597. [PMID: 37688223 PMCID: PMC10490122 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in the resistance to antibiotics is due to their inappropriate use and the use of a broad spectrum of antibiotics. This has also contributed to the development of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, and due to the unavailability of suitable new drugs for treatments, it is difficult to control. Hence, there is a need for the development of new novel, target-specific antimicrobials. Nanotechnology, involving the synthesis of nanoparticles, may be one of the best options, as it can be manipulated by using physicochemical properties to develop intelligent NPs with desired properties. NPs, because of their unique properties, can deliver drugs to specific targets and release them in a sustained fashion. The chance of developing resistance is very low. Polymeric nanoparticles are solid colloids synthesized using either natural or synthetic polymers. These polymers are used as carriers of drugs to deliver them to the targets. NPs, synthesized using poly-lactic acid (PLA) or the copolymer of lactic and glycolic acid (PLGA), are used in the delivery of controlled drug release, as they are biodegradable, biocompatible and have been approved by the USFDA. In this article, we will be reviewing the synthesis of PLGA-based nanoparticles encapsulated or loaded with antibiotics, natural products, or metal ions and their antibacterial potential in various medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Shakya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Mazen Al-Sulaibi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Rajashri R. Naik
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Hamdi Nsairat
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Sara Suboh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
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Ladas P, Porfyridis I, Tryfonos C, Ioannou A, Adamide T, Christodoulou C, Richter J. Aetiology of Community-Acquired Pneumonia and the Role of Genetic Host Factors in Hospitalized Patients in Cyprus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2051. [PMID: 37630611 PMCID: PMC10458012 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains the leading cause of hospitalization among infectious disease in Europe, and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. In order to determine and characterize the aetiology of CAP in hospitalized adults in Cyprus, respiratory and blood samples were obtained from hospitalized patients with CAP, and analyzed using Multiplex Real-Time PCR/RT-PCR, and ID/AMR enrichment panel (RPIP) analysis. Probe-based allelic discrimination was used to investigate genetic host factors in patients. The aetiology could be established in 87% of patients. The most prevalent viral pathogens detected were influenza A, SARS-CoV-2, and human rhinovirus. The most common bacterial pathogens detected were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae. Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified in 23 patients. S. aureus was the most common AMR correlated strain in our study. A positive correlation was detected between bacterial infections and the NOS3 rs1799983 G allele and the FCGR2A rs1801274 G allele. A positive correlation was also detected between the TNF-α rs1800629 A allele and sepsis, while a negative correlation was detected with the ACE rs1799752 insertion genotype and the severity of pneumonia. In conclusion, the targeted NGS panel approach applied provides highly sensitive, comprehensive pathogen detection, in combination with antimicrobial resistance AMR insights that can guide treatment choices. In addition, several host factors have been identified that impact the disease progression and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petros Ladas
- Molecular Virology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Iroon Avenue 6, 2371 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; (P.L.); (C.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Ilias Porfyridis
- Pulmonary Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Lemesou 215, 2029 Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.P.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Christina Tryfonos
- Molecular Virology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Iroon Avenue 6, 2371 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; (P.L.); (C.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Anna Ioannou
- Pulmonary Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Lemesou 215, 2029 Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.P.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Tonia Adamide
- Pulmonary Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Lemesou 215, 2029 Strovolos, Nicosia, Cyprus; (I.P.); (A.I.); (T.A.)
| | - Christina Christodoulou
- Molecular Virology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Iroon Avenue 6, 2371 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; (P.L.); (C.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Jan Richter
- Molecular Virology Department, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Iroon Avenue 6, 2371 Egkomi, Nicosia, Cyprus; (P.L.); (C.T.); (C.C.)
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Jesumirhewe C, Cabal-Rosel A, Allerberger F, Springer B, Ruppitsch W. Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. from humans and poultry in Nigeria. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000509.v4. [PMID: 37601433 PMCID: PMC10436014 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000509.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance in livestock, especially food-producing animals, is of major public health importance as a result of the possibility of these bacteria entering the food chain. In this study, the genetic characteristics of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates from humans and poultry in Edo state, Nigeria, were investigated. In April 2017, 45 Klebsiella spp. and 46 E. coli isolates were obtained from urine, clinical wounds, nasal and chicken faecal samples. Isolates were recovered and identified as previously described. Species identification was achieved by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and ribosomal multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method for 12 antibiotics. A double disc synergy test was used to screen for extended-spectrum beta-lactamse (ESBL) production. Whole genome sequencing was performed for strain characterization of the isolates. Thirteen Klebsiella spp. isolates yielded positive results by the ESBL phenotypic test and harboured ESBL genes. Of the 46 E. coli isolates, 21 human and 13 poultry isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antibiotics. Four human E. coli isolates harboured ESBL genes and revealed positive results when applying ESBL double disc synergy tests. ESBL genes in the Klebsiella spp. and E. coli isolates include bla CTX-M-15 and bla SHV-28. Whole genome-based core gene multilocus sequence typing of the Klebsiella spp. and E. coli isolates revealed a close relatedness among the isolates. An integrated 'One Health' surveillance system is required to monitor transmission of antimicrobial resistance in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Jesumirhewe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, College of Pharmacy, Igbinedion University, Okada, Edo state, Nigeria
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Allerberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burkhard Springer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
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50
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Sabença C, Costa E, Sousa S, Barros L, Oliveira A, Ramos S, Igrejas G, Torres C, Poeta P. Evaluation of the Ability to Form Biofilms in KPC-Producing and ESBL-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1143. [PMID: 37508239 PMCID: PMC10376346 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and carbapenemase (KPC) has turned into a significant public health issue. ESBL- and KPC-producing K. pneumoniae's ability to form biofilms is a significant concern as it can promote the spread of antibiotic resistance and prolong infections in healthcare facilities. A total of 45 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from human infections. Antibiograms were performed for 17 antibiotics, ESBL production was tested by Etest ESBL PM/PML, a rapid test was used to detect KPC carbapenemases, and resistance genes were detected by PCR. Biofilm production was detected by the microtiter plate method. A total of 73% of multidrug resistance was found, with the highest resistance rates to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and aztreonam. Simultaneously, the most effective antibiotics were tetracycline and amikacin. blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, aac(3)-II, aadA1, tetA, cmlA, catA, gyrA, gyrB, parC, sul1, sul2, sul3, blaKPC, blaOXA, and blaPER genes were detected. Biofilm production showed that 80% of K. pneumoniae strains were biofilm producers. Most ESBL- and KPC-producing isolates were weak biofilm producers (40.0% and 60.0%, respectively). There was no correlation between the ability to form stronger biofilms and the presence of ESBL and KPC enzymes in K. pneumoniae isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Sabença
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eliana Costa
- Hospital Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Sara Sousa
- Hospital Centre of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Clinical Pathology Department, 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ramos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Centro Universitário de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- MicroART-Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry, University NOVA of Lisbon, 1099-085 Caparica, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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