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Corona-Torres R, Vohra P, Chintoan-Uta C, Bremner A, Terra VS, Mauri M, Cuccui J, Vervelde L, Wren BW, Stevens MP. Evaluation of a FlpA Glycoconjugate Vaccine with Ten N-Heptasaccharide Glycan Moieties to reduce Campylobacter jejuni Colonisation in Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:395. [PMID: 38675777 PMCID: PMC11054393 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans, and infections can be followed by inflammatory neuropathies and other sequelae. Handling or consumption of poultry meat is the primary risk factor for human campylobacteriosis, and C. jejuni remains highly prevalent in retail chicken in many countries. Control of Campylobacter in the avian reservoir is expected to limit the incidence of human disease. Toward this aim, we evaluated a glycoconjugate vaccine comprising the fibronectin-binding adhesin FlpA conjugated to up to ten moieties of the conserved N-linked heptasaccharide glycan of C. jejuni or with FlpA alone. The glycan dose significantly exceeded previous trials using FlpA with two N-glycan moieties. Vaccinated birds were challenged with C. jejuni orally or by exposure to seeder-birds colonised by C. jejuni to mimic natural transmission. No protection against caecal colonisation was observed with FlpA or the FlpA glycoconjugate vaccine. FlpA-specific antibody responses were significantly induced in vaccinated birds at the point of challenge relative to mock-vaccinated birds. A slight but significant antibody response to the N-glycan was detected after vaccination with FlpA-10×GT and challenge. As other laboratories have reported protection against Campylobacter with FlpA and glycoconjugate vaccines in chickens, our data indicate that vaccine-mediated immunity may be sensitive to host- or study-specific variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Corona-Torres
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.C.-T.); (P.V.); (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Prerna Vohra
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.C.-T.); (P.V.); (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.)
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Charlotte Auerbach Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.C.-T.); (P.V.); (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Abi Bremner
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.C.-T.); (P.V.); (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Vanessa S. Terra
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (V.S.T.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Marta Mauri
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (V.S.T.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (V.S.T.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.C.-T.); (P.V.); (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.)
| | - Brendan W. Wren
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (V.S.T.); (M.M.); (J.C.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Mark P. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (R.C.-T.); (P.V.); (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.)
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Chandran S, Hewawaduge C, Aganja RP, Lee JH. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic dual-expression plasmid-mediated delivery of Campylobacter jejuni antigens by live-attenuated Salmonella: A strategy for concurrent Th1 and Th2 immune activation and protection in chickens. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 153:105134. [PMID: 38190867 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter are food-borne pathogens that significantly affect poultry production and are transmitted to humans. Long-term protection against these pathogens in chicken relies on a balanced Th1 and Th2 response. C. jejuni antigens were screened and a fusion antigen, including CadF + FlaA adhesin and flagellin antigenic fragments was developed and safely delivered by low-endotoxicity S. Typhimurium through pJHL270, a dual-expression plasmid featuring prokaryotic (Ptrc) and eukaryotic (CMV) promoters. Antigen expression in Salmonella and host cells was confirmed by western blotting and IFA. The vaccine construct JOL2999, triggered significant increases in IgY, IgA antibodies, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, indicating humoral, mucosal, and cell-mediated responses against both pathogens. Elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, INF-γ, IL-2, and IL-4 and MHC I and II cell populations further suggest simultaneous Th1 and Th2 immune activation. Reduced pathogen load and histopathological inflammatory signs in vital organs upon challenge confirmed the protective efficacy in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivasankar Chandran
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamith Hewawaduge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ram Prasad Aganja
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Gloanec N, Guyard-Nicodème M, Brunetti R, Quesne S, Keita A, Chemaly M, Dory D. Plasmid DNA Prime/Protein Boost Vaccination against Campylobacter jejuni in Broilers: Impact of Vaccine Candidates on Immune Responses and Gut Microbiota. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051397. [PMID: 37242639 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infections, traced to poultry products, are major bacterial foodborne zoonoses, and vaccination is a potential solution to reduce these infections. In a previous experimental trial using a plasmid DNA prime/recombinant protein boost vaccine regimen, two vaccine candidates (YP437 and YP9817) induced a partially protective immune response against Campylobacter in broilers, and an impact of the protein batch on vaccine efficacy was suspected. This new study was designed to evaluate different batches of the previously studied recombinant proteins (called YP437A, YP437P and YP9817P) and to enhance the immune responses and gut microbiota studies after a C. jejuni challenge. Throughout the 42-day trial in broilers, caecal Campylobacter load, specific antibodies in serum and bile, the relative expression of cytokines and β-defensins, and caecal microbiota were assessed. Despite there being no significant reduction in Campylobacter in the caecum of vaccinated groups, specific antibodies were detected in serum and bile, particularly for YP437A and YP9817P, whereas the production of cytokines and β-defensins was not significant. The immune responses differed according to the batch. A slight change in microbiota was demonstrated in response to vaccination against Campylobacter. The vaccine composition and/or regimen must be further optimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Gloanec
- GVB-Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
- HQPAP-Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
- UFR of Life Sciences Environment, University of Rennes 1, 35700 Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- HQPAP-Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Raphaël Brunetti
- GVB-Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Ségolène Quesne
- HQPAP-Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Alassane Keita
- SELEAC-Avian Breeding and Experimental Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- HQPAP-Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Daniel Dory
- GVB-Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
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Islam MS, Rahman MT. A Comprehensive Review on Bacterial Vaccines Combating Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030616. [PMID: 36992200 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial vaccines have become a crucial tool in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in poultry. The overuse and misuse of antibiotics in poultry farming have led to the development of AMR, which is a growing public health concern. Bacterial vaccines are alternative methods for controlling bacterial diseases in poultry, reducing the need for antibiotics and improving animal welfare. These vaccines come in different forms including live attenuated, killed, and recombinant vaccines, and they work by stimulating the immune system to produce a specific response to the target bacteria. There are many advantages to using bacterial vaccines in poultry, including reduced use of antibiotics, improved animal welfare, and increased profitability. However, there are also limitations such as vaccine efficacy and availability. The use of bacterial vaccines in poultry is regulated by various governmental bodies and there are economic considerations to be taken into account, including costs and return on investment. The future prospects for bacterial vaccines in poultry are promising, with advancements in genetic engineering and vaccine formulation, and they have the potential to improve the sustainability of the poultry industry. In conclusion, bacterial vaccines are essential in combating AMR in poultry and represent a crucial step towards a more sustainable and responsible approach to poultry farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Singh M, Sharif S, Sharma S, Kulkarni RR, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Helmy YA. Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010113. [PMID: 36677405 PMCID: PMC9866650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of food safety concern. Campylobacter jejuni infects chickens by 2-3 weeks of age and colonized chickens carry a high C. jejuni load in their gut without developing clinical disease. Contamination of meat products by gut contents is difficult to prevent because of the high numbers of C. jejuni in the gut, and the large percentage of birds infected. Therefore, effective intervention strategies to limit human infections of C. jejuni should prioritize the control of pathogen transmission along the food supply chain. To this end, there have been ongoing efforts to develop innovative ways to control foodborne pathogens in poultry to meet the growing customers' demand for poultry meat that is free of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we discuss various approaches that are being undertaken to reduce Campylobacter load in live chickens (pre-harvest) and in carcasses (post-harvest). We also provide some insights into optimization of these approaches, which could potentially help improve the pre- and post-harvest practices for better control of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mankerat Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shreeya Sharma
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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6
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Live-Attenuated Oral Vaccines to Reduce Campylobacter Colonization in Poultry. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050685. [PMID: 35632441 PMCID: PMC9143049 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of Campylobacter in poultry at the pre-harvest level is critical to reducing foodborne infections with Campylobacter since the consumption of contaminated poultry is the most frequent cause of human campylobacteriosis. Although poultry vaccination is suggested as useful intervention measures, no Campylobacter vaccines are currently available. To develop live-attenuated oral Campylobacter vaccines, in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of pre-colonization by oxidative stress defense mutants, including knockout mutants of ahpC, katA, and sodB, in preventing Campylobacter jejuni from colonizing poultry. Interestingly, when chickens were pre-colonized with ΔahpC and ΔkatA mutants, rather than the ΔsodB mutant, the level of C. jejuni colonization was significantly reduced within 35 days. Further studies demonstrated when chickens were pre-colonized with the ΔahpC mutant by oral challenge with a high dose (ca., 5 × 108 CFU/bird) and a low dose (ca., 5 × 106 CFU/bird), it twice reduced the level of C. jejuni by 3.9 log10CFU/g feces and 3 log10CFU/g feces after 42 days, respectively, compared to the untreated control. Due to a colonization defect, the ΔahpC mutant was removed from chickens within 42 days. After excretion from the host, moreover, the ΔahpC mutant cannot survive in aerobic environments because of compromised aerotolerance. Our findings suggest that the ahpC mutant has a great potential for on-farm application to control C. jejuni at the pre-harvest level.
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Wyszyńska AK, Godlewska R. Lactic Acid Bacteria - A Promising Tool for Controlling Chicken Campylobacter Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703441. [PMID: 34650524 PMCID: PMC8506037 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2005, campylobacteriosis has been the most common zoonotic disease in Europe. The main reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains is broilers, which makes raw and undercooked poultry meat two major sources of disease. Infection in chicken flocks is most often asymptomatic, despite a high level of colonization reaching 106-109cfu/g in animal ceca. It is widely believed that controlling the level of colonization of the birds' digestive tract by pathogenic strains is a good way to increase food safety. Many treatments have been proposed to combat or at least reduce the level of colonization in animals reservoirs: probiotics, bacteriophages, vaccines, and anti-Campylobacter bacteriocins. This review focuses on the effects of Campylobacter infection on the chicken microbiome and colonization control strategies using probiotics (mostly lactic acid bacteria, LAB), which are live microorganisms included in the diet of animals as feed additives or supplements. Probiotics are not only an alternative to antibiotics, which were used for years as animal growth promoters, but they also constitute an effective protective barrier against excessive colonization of the digestive system by pathogenic bacteria, including Campylobacter. Moreover, one of the many beneficial functions of probiotics is the ability to manipulate the host's microbiota. Recently, there have also been some promising attempts to use lactic acid bacteria as a delivery system of oral vaccine against Campylobacter. Recombinant LAB strains induce primarily a mucosal immune response against foreign antigens, accompanied by at most a low-level immune response against carrier strains. Since the main barrier against the invasion of pathogens in the gastrointestinal tract is the intestinal mucosal membrane, the development of effective oral vaccines to protect animals against enteric infection is very reasonable.
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Stable Recombinant-Gene Expression from a Ligilactobacillus Live Bacterial Vector via Chromosomal Integration. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:AEM.00392-21. [PMID: 33741626 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00392-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Disease control in animal production systems requires constant vigilance. Historically, the application of in-feed antibiotics to control bacteria and improve performance has been a much-used approach to maintain animal health and welfare. However, the widespread use of in-feed antibiotics is thought to increase the risk of antibiotic resistance developing. Alternative methods to control disease and maintain productivity need to be developed. Live vaccination is useful in preventing colonization of mucosa-dwelling pathogens by inducing a mucosal immune response. Native poultry isolate Ligilactobacillus agilis La3 (previously Lactobacillus agilis) has been identified as a candidate for use as a live vector to deliver therapeutic proteins such as bacteriocins, phage endolysins, or vaccine antigens to the gastrointestinal tract of chickens. In this study, the complete genome sequence of L. agilis La3 was determined and transcriptome analysis was undertaken to identify highly expressed genes. Predicted promoter regions and ribosomal binding sites from constitutively expressed genes were used to construct recombinant protein expression cassettes. A series of double-crossover shuttle plasmids were constructed to facilitate rapid selectable integration of expression cassettes into the L agilis La3 chromosome via homologous recombination. Inserts showed 100% stable integration over 100 generations without selection. A positive relationship was found between protein expression levels and the predicted strength of the promoters. Using this system, stable chromosomal expression of a Clostridium perfringens antigen, rNetB, was demonstrated without selection. Finally, two recombinant strains, L agilis La3::P eft -rnetB and L agilis La3::P cwah -rnetB, were constructed and characterized, and they showed potential for future application as live vaccines in chickens.IMPORTANCE Therapeutic proteins such as antigens can be used to prevent infectious diseases in poultry. However, traditional vaccine delivery by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection generally has not proven effective for mucosa-dwelling microorganisms that live within the gastrointestinal tract. Utilizing live bacteria to deliver vaccine antigens directly to the gut immune system can overcome some of the limitations of conventional vaccination. In this work, Ligilactobacillus agilis La3, an especially effective gut colonizer, has been analyzed and engineered with modular and stable expression systems to produce recombinant proteins. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the system, expression of a vaccine antigen from poultry pathogen Clostridium perfringens was monitored over 100 generations without selection and found to be completely stable. This study demonstrates the development of genetic tools and novel constitutive expression systems and further development of L. agilis La3 as a live delivery vehicle for recombinant proteins.
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Pumtang-on P, Mahony TJ, Hill RA, Vanniasinkam T. A Systematic Review of Campylobacter jejuni Vaccine Candidates for Chickens. Microorganisms 2021; 9:397. [PMID: 33671947 PMCID: PMC7919041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni infection linked to the consumption of contaminated poultry products is one of the leading causes of human enteric illness worldwide. Vaccination of chickens is one of the potential strategies that could be used to control C. jejuni colonization. To date, various C. jejuni vaccines using potential antigens have been evaluated, but a challenge in identifying the most effective formulation is the wide variability in vaccine efficacies reported. A systematic review was undertaken to compare C. jejuni vaccine studies. Based upon specific selection criteria eligible papers were identified and included in the analysis. Vaccine efficacy reported from different C. jejuni antigens, vaccine types, and vaccination regimens reported in these papers were reviewed. Our analysis shows that total outer membrane proteins and cysteine ABC transporter substrate-binding protein were among the most efficacious vaccine antigen candidates reported. This review also highlights the importance of the need for increased consistency in the way C. jejuni vaccine studies in poultry are designed and reported in order to be able to undertake a robust comparison of C. jejuni vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongthorn Pumtang-on
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Timothy J. Mahony
- Centre for Animal Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Rodney A. Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
| | - Thiru Vanniasinkam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia; (P.P.-o.); (R.A.H.)
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Abd El-Hack ME, El-Saadony MT, Shehata AM, Arif M, Paswan VK, Batiha GES, Khafaga AF, Elbestawy AR. Approaches to prevent and control Campylobacter spp. colonization in broiler chickens: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:4989-5004. [PMID: 33242194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter, Gram-negative bacteria, is the most common cause of acute bacterial enteritis in human beings, both in developing and developed countries. It is believed that poultry, in particular broiler chickens, is the main host of human infection with Campylobacter. Handling and consumption of contaminated chicken meat are the usual modes of transmission. Prevention and reduction of Campylobacter colonization in poultry farms will cut off the road of infection transmission to humans throughout the food chain. With the incidence of antibiotic resistance and with growing concern about superbugs, the search for natural and safe alternatives will considerably increase in the coming years. In this review, we will discuss the prevalence and risk factors of Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens and sources of infection. This review also provides extensive and recent approaches to prevent and control Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens, including biosecurity measures, natural feed/drinking water additives with antimicrobial properties, bacteriocins, bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, and vaccination strategies to prevent and control the incidence of human campylobacteriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt.
| | - Abdelrazeq M Shehata
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11651, Egypt
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Vinod K Paswan
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al-Beheira, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
| | - Asmaa F Khafaga
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, 22758, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R Elbestawy
- Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, El-Behera University, Damanhour, 22511, Egypt
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11
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Redweik GAJ, Jochum J, Mellata M. Live Bacterial Prophylactics in Modern Poultry. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:592312. [PMID: 33195630 PMCID: PMC7655978 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.592312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercial poultry farms frequently use live bacterial prophylactics like vaccines and probiotics to prevent bacterial infections. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in poultry animals, a closer examination into the health benefits and limitations of commercial, live prophylactics as an alternative to antibiotics is urgently needed. In this review, we summarize the peer-reviewed literature of several commercial live bacterial vaccines and probiotics. Per our estimation, there is a paucity of peer-reviewed published research regarding these products, making repeatability, product-comparison, and understanding biological mechanisms difficult. Furthermore, we briefly-outline significant issues such as probiotic-label accuracy, lack of commercially available live bacterial vaccines for major poultry-related bacteria such as Campylobacter and Clostridium perfringens, as well research gaps (i.e., probiotic-mediated vaccine adjuvancy, gut-brain-microbiota axis). Increased emphasis on these areas would open several avenues for research, ranging from improving protection against bacterial pathogens to using these prophylactics to modulate animal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham A. J. Redweik
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jared Jochum
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Melha Mellata
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Interdepartmental Microbiology Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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12
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Lu T, Marmion M, Ferone M, Wall P, Scannell AGM. On farm interventions to minimise Campylobacter spp. contamination in chicken. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:53-67. [PMID: 32835499 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1813253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1. This review explores current and proposed on-farm interventions and assess the potential of these interventions against Campylobacter spp. 2. Interventions such as vaccination, feed/water-additives and, most importantly, consistent biosecurity, exhibit potential for the effective control of this pathogen and its dissemination within the food chain. 3. Due to the extensive diversity in the Campylobacter spp. genome and surface-expressed proteins, vaccination of poultry is not yet regarded as a completely effective strategy. 4. The acidification of drinking water through the addition of organic acids has been reported to decrease the risk of Campylobacter spp. colonisation in broiler flocks. Whilst this treatment alone will not completely protect birds, use of water acidification in combination with in-feed measures to further reduce the level of Campylobacter spp. colonisation in poultry may be an option meriting further exploration. 5. The use of varied types of feed supplements to reduce the intestinal population and shedding rate of Campylobacter spp. in poultry is an area of growing interest in the poultry industry. Such supplements include pro - and pre-biotics, organic acids, bacteriocins and bacteriophage, which may be added to feed and water. 6. From the literature, it is clear that a distinct, albeit not unexpected, difference between the performance of in-feed interventions exists when examined in vitro compared to those determined in in vivo studies. It is much more likely that pooling some of the discussed approaches in the in-feed tool kit will provide an answer. 7. Whilst on-farm biosecurity is essential to maintain a healthy flock and reduce disease transmission, even the most stringent biosecurity measures may not have sufficient, consistent and predictable effects in controlling Campylobacter spp. Furthermore, the combination of varied dietary approaches and improved biosecurity measures may synergistically improve control.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lu
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Marmion
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agricultural & Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Ferone
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agricultural & Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Wall
- UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health O'Brien Science Centre South, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
| | - A G M Scannell
- UCD Centre for Food Safety, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, Agricultural & Food Science Centre, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health O'Brien Science Centre South, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland , Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Vohra P, Chintoan-Uta C, Terra VS, Bremner A, Cuccui J, Wren BW, Vervelde L, Stevens MP. Evaluation of Glycosylated FlpA and SodB as Subunit Vaccines Against Campylobacter jejuni Colonisation in Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030520. [PMID: 32932979 PMCID: PMC7564835 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide and the handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat is the key source of infection. C. jejuni proteins FlpA and SodB and glycoconjugates containing the C. jejuni N-glycan have been separately reported to be partially protective vaccines in chickens. In this study, two novel glycoproteins generated by protein glycan coupling technology-G-FlpA and G-SodB (with two and three N-glycosylation sites, respectively)-were evaluated for efficacy against intestinal colonisation of chickens by C. jejuni strain M1 relative to their unglycosylated variants. Two independent trials of the same design were performed with either a high challenge dose of 107 colony-forming units (CFU) or a minimum challenge dose of 102 CFU of C. jejuni M1. While antigen-specific serum IgY was detected in both trials, no reduction in caecal colonisation by C. jejuni M1 was observed and glycosylation of vaccine antigens had no effect on the outcome. Our data highlight inconsistencies in the outcome of C. jejuni vaccination trials that may reflect antigen-, challenge strain-, vaccine administration-, adjuvant- and chicken line-specific differences from previously published studies. Refinement of glycoconjugate vaccines by increasing glycosylation levels or using highly immunogenic protein carriers could improve their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Vohra
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.); (M.P.S.)
- Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, Charlotte Auerbach Road, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)-131-651-7112
| | - Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Vanessa S. Terra
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (V.S.T.); (J.C.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Abi Bremner
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (V.S.T.); (J.C.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Brendan W. Wren
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (V.S.T.); (J.C.); (B.W.W.)
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.); (M.P.S.)
| | - Mark P. Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK; (C.C.-U.); (A.B.); (L.V.); (M.P.S.)
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14
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Soro AB, Whyte P, Bolton DJ, Tiwari BK. Strategies and novel technologies to control Campylobacter in the poultry chain: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1353-1377. [PMID: 33337085 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide causing economic costs. The high prevalence of Campylobacter spp. in poultry meat is a result of several contamination and cross-contamination sources through the production chain. Moreover, survival mechanisms, such as biofilm formation, viable but nonculturable state, and antimicrobial resistance, enable its persistence during food processing. Therefore, mitigation strategies are necessary in order to avoid and/or inactivate Campylobacter at farm, abattoir, industry, and retail level. In this review, a number of potential strategies and novel technologies that could reduce the prevalence of Campylobacter in poultry meat have been identified and evaluated to provide a useful overview. At farm level for instance, biosecurity, bacteriocins, probiotics, feed and water additives, bacteriophages, and vaccination could potentially reduce colonization in chicken flocks. However, current technologies used in the chicken slaughter and processing industry may be less effective against this foodborne pathogen. Novel technologies and strategies such as cold plasma, ultraviolet light, high-intensity light pulses, pulsed electric fields, antimicrobials, and modified atmosphere packaging are discussed in this review for reducing Campylobacter contamination. Although these measures have achieved promising results, most have not been integrated within processing operations due to a lack of knowledge or an unwillingness to implement these into existing processing systems. Furthermore, a combination of existing and novel strategies might be required to decrease the prevalence of this pathogen in poultry meat and enhance food safety. Therefore, further research will be essential to assess the effectiveness of all these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo B Soro
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland.,UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Paul Whyte
- UCD School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Declan J Bolton
- Department of Food Safety, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
| | - Brijesh K Tiwari
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Ireland
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15
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Mucosal delivery of live Lactococcus lactis expressing functionally active JlpA antigen induces potent local immune response and prevent enteric colonization of Campylobacter jejuni in chickens. Vaccine 2020; 38:1630-1642. [PMID: 31932136 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Successful colonization of the mucosal epithelial cells is the key early step for Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) pathogenesis in humans. A set of Surface Exposed Colonization Proteins (SECPs) are known to take leading role in bacterial adhesion and subsequent host pathogenesis. Among the major SECPs, the constitutively expressed C. jejuni surface lipoprotein Jejuni lipoprotein A (JlpA), interacts with intestinal heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) and contributes in disease progression by triggering pro-inflammatory responses via activation of NF-κB and p38 MAP kinase pathways. In addition to its ability to express on the surface, high sequence conservation of JlpA protein among different Campylobacter spp make it a suitable vaccine target against C. jejuni. Given that chickens are the primary source for C. jejuni infection in humans and persistent cecal colonization significantly contribute in pathogen transmission, we explicitly used chickens as a model to test the immune-protective efficacy of JlpA protein. Taking into account that gastro-intestinal tract is the major site for C. jejuni colonization, we chose to use mucosal (intragastric) route as mode for JlpA antigen delivery. To deliver JlpA via mucosal route, we engineered a food grade Lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) to express functionally active JlpA protein in the surface. Further, we demonstrated its ability to substantially improve the antigen specific local immune responses in the intestine along with significant immune-protection against enteric colonization of C. jejuni in chickens.
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16
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17
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of mucosal delivery of recombinant hcp of Campylobacter jejuni Type VI secretion system (T6SS) in chickens. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:182-197. [PMID: 31078054 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) has recently emerged as a new pattern of protein secretions in Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Within the T6SS cluster, hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) is considered as a hallmark of functional T6SS and holds key role in bacterial virulence. As poultry is the primary reservoir of C. jejuni and the major sources for human infection, we evaluated the capacity of recombinant hcp (rhcp) immunization in blocking C. jejuni colonization in chickens with an aim to control bacterial transmission to humans via poultry food chain. Considering the mucosal route is the primary portal for C. jejuni entry and gut mucosa offers the apposite site for C. jejuni adherence, we investigated the immune-protective potential of intra-gastric administration of rhcp using chitosan-based nanoparticles. To achieve this goal, full length coding sequence of hcp gene from C. jejuni was cloned and expressed in E. coli. Purified rhcp was entrapped in chitosan-Sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles (CS-TPP NPs) and orally gavaged in chickens. Our results suggest that intra-gastric immunization of CS-TPP-rhcp induces consistent and steady increase in intestinal (sIgA) and systemic antibody (IgY) response against rhcp with significant reduction in cecal load of C. jejuni. The protection afforded by rhcp associated cellular responses with Th1 and Th17 profile in terms of increased expression of NFkB, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-17 A genes. Though systemic immunization of rhcp with IFA resulting in a robust systemic (IgY) and local (sIgA) antibody response, mucosal administration of rhcp loaded CS-TPP NPs was found to be superior in terms of bacterial clearance. Altogether, present study suggests that chitosan based intra-gastric delivery of rhcp have several advantages over the injectable composition and could be a promising vaccine approach to effectively control C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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18
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Kim SA, Jang MJ, Kim SY, Yang Y, Pavlidis HO, Ricke SC. Potential for Prebiotics as Feed Additives to Limit Foodborne Campylobacter Establishment in the Poultry Gastrointestinal Tract. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:91. [PMID: 30804900 PMCID: PMC6371025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter as an inhabitant of the poultry gastrointestinal tract has proven to be difficult to reduce with most feed additives. In-feed antibiotics have been taken out of poultry diets due to the negative reactions of consumers along with concerns regarding the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Consequently, interest in alternative feed supplements to antibiotics has grown. One of these alternatives, prebiotics, has been examined as a potential animal and poultry feed additive. Prebiotics are non-digestible ingredients by host enzymes that enhance growth of indigenous gastrointestinal bacteria that elicit metabolic characteristics considered beneficial to the host and depending on the type of metabolite, antagonistic to establishment of pathogens. There are several carbohydrate polymers that qualify as prebiotics and have been fed to poultry. These include mannan-oligosaccharides and fructooligosaccharides as the most common ones marketed commercially that have been used as feed supplements in poultry. More recently, several other non-digestible oligosaccharides have also been identified as possessing prebiotic properties when implemented as feed supplements. While there is evidence that prebiotics may be effective in poultry and limit establishment of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella in the gastrointestinal tract, less is known about their impact on Campylobacter. This review will focus on the potential of prebiotics to limit establishment of Campylobacter in the poultry gastrointestinal tract and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ae Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Ji Jang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yichao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Steven C Ricke
- Center for Food Safety and Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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19
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Wales AD, Vidal AB, Davies RH, Rodgers JD. Field Interventions Against Colonization of Broilers by Campylobacter. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:167-188. [PMID: 33337018 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poultry accounts for a high proportion of human campylobacteriosis cases, and the problem of Campylobacter colonization of broiler flocks has proven to be intractable. Owing to their broad host range and genetic instability, Campylobacter organisms are ubiquitous and adaptable in the broiler farm environment, colonizing birds heavily and spreading rapidly after introduction into a flock. This review examines strategies to prevent or suppress such colonization, with a heavy emphasis on field investigations. Attempts to exclude Campylobacter via enhanced biosecurity and hygiene measures have met with mixed success. Reasons for this are becoming better understood as investigations focus on houses, ventilation, biosecurity practices, external operators, and compliance, among other factors. It is evident that piecemeal approaches are likely to fail. Complementary measures include feed and drinking water treatments applied in either preventive or suppressive modes using agents including organic acids and their derivatives, also litter treatments, probiotics, prebiotics, and alterations to diet. Some treatments aim to reduce the number of Campylobacter organisms entering abattoirs by suppressing intestinal colonization just before slaughter; these include acid water treatment or administration of bacteriophages or bacteriocins. Experimental vaccines historically have had little success, but some recent subunit vaccines show promise. Overall, there is wide variation in the control achieved, and consistency and harmonization of trials is needed to enable robust evaluation. There is also some potential to breed for resistance to Campylobacter. Good and consistent control of flock colonization by Campylobacter may require an as-yet undetermined combination of excellent biosecurity plus complementary measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Wales
- Dept. of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Univ. of Surrey, Vet School Main Building, Daphne Jackson Road, Guildford, GU2 7AL, U.K
| | - Ana B Vidal
- Veterinary Medicines Directorate, Antimicrobial Resistance Policy and Surveillance Team, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3LS, U.K
| | - Robert H Davies
- Dept. of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA - Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, U.K
| | - John D Rodgers
- Dept. of Bacteriology and Food Safety, Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA-Weybridge), Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, KT15 3NB, Surrey, U.K
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20
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Yang Y, Wolfenden A, Mandal RK, Faulkner O, Hargis B, Kwon YM, Bielke L. Evaluation of recombinant Salmonella vaccines to provide cross-serovar and cross-serogroup protection. Poult Sci 2018; 96:4352-4360. [PMID: 29253276 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pex144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, Salmonella vaccines have been either live attenuated or killed bacterin vaccines that fail to offer cross-serogroup protection, which limits risk mitigation and protection of consumers. Subunit recombinant vaccines which possess highly conserved antigens offer potential to provide cross-serogroup protection, and the ability to express immune-enhancing molecules that promote recognition by the immune system. Six Salmonella subunit vaccine candidates were developed in either attenuated S. Enteritidis (SE) or S. Typhimurium (ST) that cell-surface express antigenic epitopes of high mobility group box 1 immune-enhancing sequence (H), peptidoglycan associated lipoprotein (P), and Omp18 protein Cj0113 (C) in different pattern arrangements for evaluation against S. Heidelberg (SH) challenge in broilers. In exp. 1, chicks were orally vaccinated with SE-CPH, SE-HCP, SE-CHP, ST-CPH, ST-HCP, or ST-CHP at 1 × 107 cfu/chick, or saline on d 1 and d 14. On d 17 all birds were challenged with 6 × 106 cfu/chick SH, and ceca collected on d 23 and d 28. On d 23 only SE-CPH reduced (P < 0.05) SH recovery at 0.34 ± 0.23 log10 cfu when compared to control at 1.19 ± 0.26 log10 cfu. On d 28, SE-CPH and ST-HCP reduced SH recovery at 0.40 ± 0.40 and 0.51 ± 0.26 log10 cfu, respectively in comparison to control at 1.36 ± 0.23 log10 cfu. For exp. 2, chicks were orally vaccinated with 1 × 108 cfu/chick SE-CPH, SE-HCP, SE-CHP or saline on d 1. At d 7 all chicks were orally challenged with 7 × 106 cfu/chick SH and ceca collected on d 28 and d 35. SE-CPH reduced (P < 0.05) SH recovery on d 28 when compared to control (6.16 ± 0.13 vs. 4.71 ± 0.55 log10 cfu). In exp 3, chicks were vaccinated by spray in a commercial vaccination cabinet with SE-CPH vaccination, 1.6 × 107 cfu/chick, or saline. Birds were challenged on d 14 with 3 × 107 cfu/chick SH and ceca collected on d 18 and d 25. SE-CPH reduced SH recovery (P < 0.05) on d 18, 2.75 ± 0.05 log10 cfu, and d 25, 1.89 ± 0.43 log10 cfu, as compared to control chickens at 5.6 ± 0.37 (d 18) and 3.98 ± 0.5 log10 cfu (d 25). The results of these experiments suggest that cross-serogroup protection is possible using these SE and ST-vectored subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Yang
- University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Amanda Wolfenden
- University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Rabindra K Mandal
- University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Olivia Faulkner
- University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Billy Hargis
- University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Young Min Kwon
- University of Arkansas, Department of Poultry Science, Fayetteville, AR
| | - Lisa Bielke
- The Ohio State University, Department of Animal Sciences, Columbus, OH
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21
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Meunier M, Guyard-Nicodème M, Vigouroux E, Poezevara T, Béven V, Quesne S, Amelot M, Parra A, Chemaly M, Dory D. A DNA prime/protein boost vaccine protocol developed against Campylobacter jejuni for poultry. Vaccine 2018; 36:2119-2125. [PMID: 29555216 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination of broilers is one of the potential ways to decrease Campylobacter intestinal loads and therefore may reduce human disease incidence. Despite many studies, no efficient vaccine is available yet. Using the reverse vaccinology strategy, we recently identified new vaccine candidates whose immune and protective capacities need to be evaluated in vivo. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to develop and evaluate an avian subunit vaccine protocol for poultry against Campylobacter jejuni. For this, flagellin was used as vaccine antigen candidate. A DNA prime/protein boost regimen was effective in inducing a massive protective immune response against C. jejuni in specific pathogen free Leghorn chickens. Contrastingly, the same vaccine regimen stimulated the production of antibodies against Campylobacter in conventional Ross broiler chickens harbouring maternally derived antibodies against Campylobacter, but not the control of C. jejuni colonization. These results highlight the strength of the vaccine protocol in inducing protective immunity and the significance of the avian strain and/or immune status in the induction of this response. Nevertheless, as such the vaccine protocol is not efficient in broilers to induce protection and has to be adapted; this has been done in one of our recent published work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meunier
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France; HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Estelle Vigouroux
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Véronique Béven
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Ségolène Quesne
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Michel Amelot
- SELEAC - Avian Breeding and Experimental Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | | | - Marianne Chemaly
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
| | - Daniel Dory
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.
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22
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Meunier M, Guyard-Nicodème M, Vigouroux E, Poezevara T, Beven V, Quesne S, Bigault L, Amelot M, Dory D, Chemaly M. Promising new vaccine candidates against Campylobacter in broilers. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188472. [PMID: 29176789 PMCID: PMC5703506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is the leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the European Union. Birds represent the main reservoir of the bacteria, and human campylobacteriosis mainly occurs after consuming and/or handling poultry meat. Reducing avian intestinal Campylobacter loads should impact the incidence of human diseases. At the primary production level, several measures have been identified to reach this goal, including vaccination of poultry. Despite many studies, however, no efficient vaccine is currently available. We have recently identified new vaccine candidates using the reverse vaccinology strategy. This study assessed the in vivo immune and protective potential of six newly-identified vaccine antigens. Among the candidates tested on Ross broiler chickens, four (YP_001000437.1, YP_001000562.1, YP_999817.1, and YP_999838.1) significantly reduced cecal Campylobacter loads by between 2 and 4.2 log10 CFU/g, with the concomitant development of a specific humoral immune response. In a second trial, cecal load reductions results were not statistically confirmed despite the induction of a strong immune response. These vaccine candidates need to be further investigated since they present promising features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meunier
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Estelle Vigouroux
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Typhaine Poezevara
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Véronique Beven
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - S. Quesne
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Lionel Bigault
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Michel Amelot
- SELEAC—Avian Breeding and Experiment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Daniel Dory
- GVB–Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
| | - Marianne Chemaly
- HQPAP–Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France
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Coadministration of the Campylobacter jejuni N-Glycan-Based Vaccine with Probiotics Improves Vaccine Performance in Broiler Chickens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.01523-17. [PMID: 28939610 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01523-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Source attribution studies report that the consumption of contaminated poultry is the primary source for acquiring human campylobacteriosis. Oral administration of an engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan reduces bacterial colonization in specific-pathogen-free leghorn chickens, but only a fraction of birds respond to vaccination. Optimization of the vaccine for commercial broiler chickens has great potential to prevent the entry of the pathogen into the food chain. Here, we tested the same vaccination approach in broiler chickens and observed similar efficacies in pathogen load reduction, stimulation of the host IgY response, the lack of C. jejuni resistance development, uniformity in microbial gut composition, and the bimodal response to treatment. Gut microbiota analysis of leghorn and broiler vaccine responders identified one member of Clostridiales cluster XIVa, Anaerosporobacter mobilis, that was significantly more abundant in responder birds. In broiler chickens, coadministration of the live vaccine with A. mobilis or Lactobacillus reuteri, a commonly used probiotic, resulted in increased vaccine efficacy, antibody responses, and weight gain. To investigate whether the responder-nonresponder effect was due to the selection of a C. jejuni "supercolonizer mutant" with altered phase-variable genes, we analyzed all poly(G)-containing loci of the input strain compared to nonresponder colony isolates and found no evidence of phase state selection. However, untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics identified a potential biomarker negatively correlated with C. jejuni colonization levels that is possibly linked to increased microbial diversity in this subgroup. The comprehensive methods used to examine the bimodality of the vaccine response provide several opportunities to improve the C. jejuni vaccine and the efficacy of any vaccination strategy.IMPORTANCE Campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide and is listed by the World Health Organization as a high-priority pathogen. C. jejuni infection typically occurs through the ingestion of contaminated chicken meat, so many efforts are targeted at reducing C. jejuni levels at the source. We previously developed a vaccine that reduces C. jejuni levels in egg-laying chickens. In this study, we improved vaccine performance in meat birds by supplementing the vaccine with probiotics. In addition, we demonstrated that C. jejuni colonization levels in chickens are negatively correlated with the abundance of clostridia, another group of common gut microbes. We describe new methods for vaccine optimization that will assist in improving the C. jejuni vaccine and other vaccines under development.
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24
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Johnson TJ, Shank JM, Johnson JG. Current and Potential Treatments for Reducing Campylobacter Colonization in Animal Hosts and Disease in Humans. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:487. [PMID: 28386253 PMCID: PMC5362611 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacteria-derived gastroenteritis worldwide. In the developed world, Campylobacter is usually acquired by consuming under-cooked poultry, while in the developing world it is often obtained through drinking contaminated water. Once consumed, the bacteria adhere to the intestinal epithelium or mucus layer, causing toxin-mediated inhibition of fluid reabsorption from the intestine and invasion-induced inflammation and diarrhea. Traditionally, severe or prolonged cases of campylobacteriosis have been treated with antibiotics; however, overuse of these antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. As the incidence of antibiotic resistance, emergence of post-infectious diseases, and economic burden associated with Campylobacter increases, it is becoming urgent that novel treatments are developed to reduce Campylobacter numbers in commercial poultry and campylobacteriosis in humans. The purpose of this review is to provide the current status of present and proposed treatments to combat Campylobacter infection in humans and colonization in animal reservoirs. These treatments include anti-Campylobacter compounds, probiotics, bacteriophage, vaccines, and anti-Campylobacter bacteriocins, all of which may be successful at reducing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans and/or colonization loads in poultry. In addition to reviewing treatments, we will also address several proposed targets that may be used in future development of novel anti-Campylobacter treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tylor J Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Janette M Shank
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
| | - Jeremiah G Johnson
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN, USA
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25
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Lacharme-Lora L, Chaloner G, Gilroy R, Humphrey S, Gibbs K, Jopson S, Wright E, Reid W, Ketley J, Humphrey T, Williams N, Rushton S, Wigley P. B lymphocytes play a limited role in clearance of Campylobacter jejuni from the chicken intestinal tract. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45090. [PMID: 28332622 PMCID: PMC5362810 DOI: 10.1038/srep45090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis with contaminated poultry meat its main source. Control of C. jejuni is a priority for the poultry industry but no vaccines are available and their development hampered by poor understanding of the immunobiology of C. jejuni infection. Here we show the functional role of B lymphocytes in response to C. jejuni in the chicken through depletion of the B lymphocyte population (bursectomy) followed by challenge. B lymphocyte depletion has little effect on bacterial numbers in the ceca, the main site of colonisation, where C. jejuni persist to beyond commercial slaughter age, but reduces clearance from the small intestine. In longer-term experiments we show antibody leads to reduction in C. jeuni numbers in the ceca by nine weeks post infection. Whilst we did not examine any protective role to re-challenge, it illustrates the difficulty in producing a vaccine in a young, immunologically naïve host. We believe this is first study of functional immunity to C. jejuni in chicken and shows antibody is ineffective in clearing C. jejuni from the ceca within the production lifetime of chickens, although is involved in clearance from the small intestine and longer-term clearance from the ceca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizeth Lacharme-Lora
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Gemma Chaloner
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Rachel Gilroy
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Suzanne Humphrey
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Kirsty Gibbs
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Sue Jopson
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Elli Wright
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - William Reid
- Institute for Research on the Environment and Sustainability, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Julian Ketley
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Tom Humphrey
- Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Nicola Williams
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Steven Rushton
- Institute for Research on the Environment and Sustainability, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Paul Wigley
- Institute for Infection and Global Health and School of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool. Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK
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26
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Godlewska R, Kuczkowski M, Wyszyńska A, Klim J, Derlatka K, Woźniak-Biel A, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Evaluation of a protective effect of in ovo delivered Campylobacter jejuni OMVs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:8855-64. [PMID: 27383607 PMCID: PMC5035662 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of a food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with poultry being the main source of infection. Campylobacter jejuni, like other Gram-negative bacteria, constitutively releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs are highly immunogenic, can be taken up by mammalian cells, and are easily modifiable by recombinant engineering. We have tested their usefulness for an oral (in ovo) vaccination of chickens. Four groups of 18-day-old chicken embryos (164 animals) underwent injection of wt C. jejuni OMVs or modified OMVs or PBS into the amniotic fluid. The OMVs modifications relied on overexpression of either a complete wt cjaA gene or the C20A mutant that relocates to the periplasm. Fourteen days post-hatch chicks were orally challenged with live C. jejuni strain. Cecum colonization parameters were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test. The wtOMVs and OMVs with wtCjaA overexpression were found to confer significant protection of chicken against C. jejuni (p = 0.03 and p = 0.013, respectively) in comparison to PBS controls and are promising candidates for further in ovo vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Godlewska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wyszyńska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Klim
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Derlatka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak-Biel
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta K Jagusztyn-Krynicka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Meunier M, Guyard-Nicodème M, Hirchaud E, Parra A, Chemaly M, Dory D. Identification of Novel Vaccine Candidates against Campylobacter through Reverse Vaccinology. J Immunol Res 2016; 2016:5715790. [PMID: 27413761 PMCID: PMC4928009 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5715790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the European Union. Human cases are mainly due to Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli, and contamination is associated with the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat. In fact, poultry constitutes the bacteria's main reservoir. A promising way of decreasing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans would be to decrease avian colonization. Poultry vaccination is of potential for this purpose. However, despite many studies, there is currently no vaccine available on the market to reduce the intestinal Campylobacter load in chickens. It is essential to identify and characterize new vaccine antigens. This study applied the reverse vaccinology approach to detect new vaccine candidates. The main criteria used to select immune proteins were localization, antigenicity, and number of B-epitopes. Fourteen proteins were identified as potential vaccine antigens. In vitro and in vivo experiments now need to be performed to validate the immune and protective power of these newly identified antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meunier
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France; Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Muriel Guyard-Nicodème
- Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Edouard Hirchaud
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | | | - Marianne Chemaly
- Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products (HQPAP), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
| | - Daniel Dory
- Unit of Viral Genetics and Biosafety (GVB), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 22440 Ploufragan, France
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28
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Nothaft H, Davis B, Lock YY, Perez-Munoz ME, Vinogradov E, Walter J, Coros C, Szymanski CM. Engineering the Campylobacter jejuni N-glycan to create an effective chicken vaccine. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26511. [PMID: 27221144 PMCID: PMC4879521 DOI: 10.1038/srep26511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a predominant cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Source-attribution studies indicate that chickens are the main reservoir for infection, thus elimination of C. jejuni from poultry would significantly reduce the burden of human disease. We constructed glycoconjugate vaccines combining the conserved C. jejuni N-glycan with a protein carrier, GlycoTag, or fused to the Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-core. Vaccination of chickens with the protein-based or E. coli-displayed glycoconjugate showed up to 10-log reduction in C. jejuni colonization and induced N-glycan-specific IgY responses. Moreover, the live E. coli vaccine was cleared prior to C. jejuni challenge and no selection for resistant campylobacter variants was observed. Analyses of the chicken gut communities revealed that the live vaccine did not alter the composition or complexity of the microbiome, thus representing an effective and low-cost strategy to reduce C. jejuni in chickens and its subsequent entry into the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Nothaft
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Maria Elisa Perez-Munoz
- Department of Agricultural, Food &Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Agricultural, Food &Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | - Christine M Szymanski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Alberta Glycomics Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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29
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Kobierecka PA, Wyszyńska AK, Gubernator J, Kuczkowski M, Wiśniewski O, Maruszewska M, Wojtania A, Derlatka KE, Adamska I, Godlewska R, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Chicken Anti-Campylobacter Vaccine - Comparison of Various Carriers and Routes of Immunization. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:740. [PMID: 27242755 PMCID: PMC4872485 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp, especially the species Campylobacter jejuni, are important human enteropathogens responsible for millions of cases of gastro-intestinal disease worldwide every year. C. jejuni is a zoonotic pathogen, and poultry meat that has been contaminated by microorganisms is recognized as a key source of human infections. Although numerous strategies have been developed and experimentally checked to generate chicken vaccines, the results have so far had limited success. In this study, we explored the potential use of non-live carriers of Campylobacter antigen to combat Campylobacter in poultry. First, we assessed the effectiveness of immunization with orally or subcutaneously delivered Gram-positive Enhancer Matrix (GEM) particles carrying two Campylobacter antigens: CjaA and CjaD. These two immunization routes using GEMs as the vector did not protect against Campylobacter colonization. Thus, we next assessed the efficacy of in ovo immunization using various delivery systems: GEM particles and liposomes. The hybrid protein rCjaAD, which is CjaA presenting CjaD epitopes on its surface, was employed as a model antigen. We found that rCjaAD administered in ovo at embryonic development day 18 by both delivery systems resulted in significant levels of protection after challenge with a heterologous C. jejuni strain. In practice, in ovo chicken vaccination is used by the poultry industry to protect birds against several viral diseases. Our work showed that this means of delivery is also efficacious with respect to commensal bacteria such as Campylobacter. In this study, we evaluated the protection after one dose of vaccine given in ovo. We speculate that the level of protection may be increased by a post-hatch booster of orally delivered antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja A. Kobierecka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka K. Wyszyńska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Gubernator
- Department of Lipids and Liposomes, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocław, Poland
| | - Oskar Wiśniewski
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maruszewska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Wojtania
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna E. Derlatka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Adamska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Renata Godlewska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
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30
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Kobierecka PA, Olech B, Książek M, Derlatka K, Adamska I, Majewski PM, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK, Wyszyńska AK. Cell Wall Anchoring of the Campylobacter Antigens to Lactococcus lactis. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:165. [PMID: 26925040 PMCID: PMC4757695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the most frequent cause of human food-borne gastroenteritis and chicken meat is the main source of infection. Recent studies showed that broiler chicken immunization against Campylobacter should be the most efficient way to lower the number of human infections by this pathogen. Induction of the mucosal immune system after oral antigen administration should provide protective immunity to chickens. In this work we tested the usefulness of Lactococcus lactis, the most extensively studied lactic acid bacterium, as a delivery vector for Campylobacter antigens. First we constructed hybrid protein - CjaA antigen presenting CjaD peptide epitopes on its surface. We showed that specific rabbit anti-rCjaAD serum reacted strongly with both CjaA and CjaD produced by a wild type C. jejuni strain. Next, rCjaAD and CjaA were fused to the C-terminus of the L. lactis YndF containing the LPTXG motif. The genes expressing these proteins were transcribed under control of the L. lactis Usp45 promoter and their products contain the Usp45 signal sequences. This strategy ensures a cell surface location of both analyzed proteins, which was confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. In order to evaluate the impact of antigen location on vaccine prototype efficacy, a L. lactis strain producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD was also generated. Animal experiments showed a decrease of Campylobacter cecal load in vaccinated birds as compared with the control group and showed that the L. lactis harboring the surface-exposed rCjaAD antigen afforded greater protection than the L. lactis producing cytoplasm-located rCjaAD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to employ Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains as a mucosal delivery vehicle for chicken immunization. Although the observed reduction of chicken colonization by Campylobacter resulting from vaccination was rather moderate, the experiments showed that LAB strains can be considered as an alternative vector to deliver heterologous antigens to the bird immune system. Additionally, the analysis of the structure and immunogenicity of the generated rCjaAD hybrid protein showed that the CjaA antigen can be considered as a starting point to construct multiepitope anti-Campylobacter vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja A. Kobierecka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Olech
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Książek
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Derlatka
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Adamska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł M. Majewski
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka K. Wyszyńska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of WarsawWarsaw, Poland
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31
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Meunier M, Guyard-Nicodème M, Dory D, Chemaly M. Control strategies against Campylobacter
at the poultry production level: biosecurity measures, feed additives and vaccination. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:1139-73. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Meunier
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES); Ploufragan France
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES); Ploufragan France
- UEB - European University of Brittany; Rennes France
| | - M. Guyard-Nicodème
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES); Ploufragan France
- UEB - European University of Brittany; Rennes France
| | - D. Dory
- GVB - Viral Genetics and Biosafety Unit; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES); Ploufragan France
- UEB - European University of Brittany; Rennes France
| | - M. Chemaly
- HQPAP - Unit of Hygiene and Quality of Poultry and Pork Products; French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES); Ploufragan France
- UEB - European University of Brittany; Rennes France
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32
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Abstract
In approaching the development of a veterinary vaccine, researchers must choose from a bewildering array of options that can be combined to enhance benefit. The choice and combination of options is not just driven by efficacy, but also consideration of the cost, practicality, and challenges faced in licensing the product. In this review we set out the different choices faced by veterinary vaccine developers, highlight some issues, and propose some pressing needs to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Chambers
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK.
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
| | - Simon P Graham
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Roberto M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7AL, UK
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33
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Sahin O, Kassem II, Shen Z, Lin J, Rajashekara G, Zhang Q. Campylobacter in Poultry: Ecology and Potential Interventions. Avian Dis 2015; 59:185-200. [PMID: 26473668 DOI: 10.1637/11072-032315-review] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian hosts constitute a natural reservoir for thermophilic Campylobacter species, primarily Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, and poultry flocks are frequently colonized in the intestinal tract with high numbers of the organisms. Prevalence rates in poultry, especially in slaughter-age broiler flocks, could reach as high as 100% on some farms. Despite the extensive colonization, Campylobacter is essentially a commensal in birds, although limited evidence has implicated the organism as a poultry pathogen. Although Campylobacter is insignificant for poultry health, it is a leading cause of food-borne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide, and contaminated poultry meat is recognized as the main source for human exposure. Therefore, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of interventions to diminish Campylobacter contamination in poultry, with the intention to reduce the burden of food-borne illnesses. During the past decade, significant advance has been made in understanding Campylobacter in poultry. This review summarizes the current knowledge with an emphasis on ecology, antibiotic resistance, and potential pre- and postharvest interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Issmat I Kassem
- B Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Zhangqi Shen
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
| | - Jun Lin
- C Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996
| | - Gireesh Rajashekara
- B Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691
| | - Qijing Zhang
- A Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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34
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Chintoan-Uta C, Cassady-Cain RL, Al-Haideri H, Watson E, Kelly DJ, Smith DGE, Sparks NHC, Kaiser P, Stevens MP. Superoxide dismutase SodB is a protective antigen against Campylobacter jejuni colonisation in chickens. Vaccine 2015; 33:6206-11. [PMID: 26458797 PMCID: PMC4654421 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We tested SodB in chickens as an anti-Campylobacter recombinant subunit vaccine. It induced a statistically significant reduction in caecal C. jejuni. Antigen-specific humoral responses did not correlate with protection. SodB was not detected on the bacterial surface. Protection may not be strictly antibody-dependent.
Campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diarrhoeal illness in the developed world and consumption or handling of contaminated poultry meat is the principal source of infection. Strategies to control Campylobacter in broilers prior to slaughter are urgently required and are predicted to limit the incidence of human campylobacteriosis. Towards this aim, a purified recombinant subunit vaccine based on the superoxide dismutase (SodB) protein of C. jejuni M1 was developed and tested in White Leghorn birds. Birds were vaccinated on the day of hatch and 14 days later with SodB fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) or purified GST alone. Birds were challenged with C. jejuni M1 at 28 days of age and caecal Campylobacter counts determined at weekly intervals. Across three independent trials, the vaccine induced a statistically significant 1 log10 reduction in caecal Campylobacter numbers in vaccinated birds compared to age-matched GST-vaccinated controls. Significant induction of antigen-specific serum IgY was detected in all vaccinated birds, however the magnitude and timing of SodB-specific IgY did not correlate with lower numbers of C. jejuni. Antibodies from SodB-vaccinated chickens detected the protein in the periplasm and not membrane fractions or on the bacterial surface, suggesting that the protection observed may not be strictly antibody-mediated. SodB may be useful as a constituent of vaccines for control of C. jejuni infection in broiler birds, however modest protection was observed late relative to the life of broiler birds and further studies are required to potentiate the magnitude and timing of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Robin L Cassady-Cain
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Halah Al-Haideri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - Eleanor Watson
- The Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - David J Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, South Yorkshire, UK
| | - David G E Smith
- The Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0PZ, UK; Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Nick H C Sparks
- Animal & Veterinary Sciences Group, Scotland's Rural College, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Pete Kaiser
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Mark P Stevens
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Rubinelli PM, Lee SI, Roto SM, Park SH, Ricke SC. Regulated expression of virulence gene mviN provides protective immunity and colonization control of Salmonella in poultry. Vaccine 2015; 33:5365-5370. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ghunaim H, Desin TS. Potential Impact of Food Safety Vaccines on Health Care Costs. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2015; 12:733-40. [PMID: 26111256 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2014.1924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens continue to cause several outbreaks every year in many parts of the world. Among the bacterial pathogens involved, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and nontyphoidal Salmonella species cause a significant number of human infections worldwide, resulting in a huge annual economic burden that amounts to millions of dollars in health care costs. Human infections are primarily caused by the consumption of contaminated food. Vaccination of food-producing animals is an attractive, cost-effective strategy to lower the levels of these pathogens that will ultimately result in a safer food supply and fewer human infections. However, producers are often reluctant to routinely vaccinate animals against these pathogens since they do not cause any detectable clinical symptoms. This review highlights recent approaches used to develop effective food safety vaccines and the potential impact these vaccines might have on health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham Ghunaim
- 1 Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Science, Qatar University , Doha, Qatar
| | - Taseen S Desin
- 2 Basic Sciences Department, College of Science & Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hodgins DC, Barjesteh N, St Paul M, Ma Z, Monteiro MA, Sharif S. Evaluation of a polysaccharide conjugate vaccine to reduce colonization by Campylobacter jejuni in broiler chickens. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:204. [PMID: 26032784 PMCID: PMC4467597 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of food-borne illness in humans. Symptoms range from mild gastroenteritis to dysentery. Contaminated chicken meat is the most common cause of infection. Broiler chickens become colonized with high numbers of C. jejuni in the intestinal tract, but do not become clinically ill. Vaccination of broiler chicks to control colonization by C. jejuni is challenging because immune function is limited in the first 2 weeks post-hatch and immune suppressive maternal antibodies are common. In addition, there is little time for induction of immunity, since broilers reach slaughter weight by 5–6 weeks of age. In the current study the immunogenicity of a C. jejuni capsular polysaccharide—diphtheria toxoid conjugated vaccine (CPSconj), administered subcutaneously with various adjuvants was assessed and the efficacy of vaccination for reducing cecal colonization after experimental challenge was evaluated by determining colony-forming units (CFU) of C. jejuni in cecal contents. Results The CPSconj vaccine was immunogenic when administered as three doses at 3, 4 and 5 weeks of age to specific pathogen free chicks lacking maternal antibodies (seroconversion rates up to 75%). Commercial broiler chicks (having maternal antibodies) receiving two doses of CPSconj vaccine at 7 and 21 days of age did not seroconvert before oral challenge at 29 days, but 33% seroconverted post challenge; none of the placebo-injected, challenged birds seroconverted. Vaccinated birds had significantly lower numbers of C. jejuni in cecal contents than control birds at necropsy (38 days of age). CFU of C. jejuni did not differ significantly among groups of birds receiving CPSconj vaccine with different adjuvants. In two trials, the mean reduction in CFU associated with vaccination was 0.64 log10 units. Conclusions The CPSconj vaccine was immunogenic in chicks lacking maternal antibodies, vaccinated beginning at 3 weeks of age. In commercial broiler birds (possessing maternal antibodies) vaccinated at 7 and 21 days of age, 33% of birds seroconverted by 9 days after challenge, and there was a modest, but significant, reduction in cecal counts of C. jejuni. Further studies are needed to optimize adjuvant, route of delivery and scheduling of administration of this vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Neda Barjesteh
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Michael St Paul
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. .,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Zuchao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
| | | | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Baker CA, Rubinelli PM, Park SH, Ricke SC. Immuno-based detection of Shiga toxin-producing pathogenic Escherichia coli in food – A review on current approaches and potential strategies for optimization. Crit Rev Microbiol 2015; 42:656-75. [DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2015.1009824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Baker
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Peter M. Rubinelli
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Si Hong Park
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Steven C. Ricke
- Department of Food Science, Center for Food Safety, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Kobierecka P, Wyszyńska A, Maruszewska M, Wojtania A, Żylińska J, Bardowski J, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Surface Display Platform for Campylobacter jejuni Antigens. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 25:1-10. [DOI: 10.1159/000368780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Food poisoning and diarrheal diseases continue to pose serious health care and socioeconomic problems worldwide. <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. is a very widespread cause of gastroenteritis. Over the past decade there has been increasing interest in the use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as mucosal delivery vehicles. They represent an attractive opportunity for vaccination in addition to vaccination with attenuated bacterial pathogens. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We examined the binding ability of hybrid proteins to nontreated or trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-pretreated LAB cells by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In this study we evaluated the possibility of using GEM (Gram-positive enhancer matrix) particles of <i>Lactobacillus salivarius</i> as a binding platform for 2 conserved, immunodominant, extracytoplasmic <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> proteins: CjaA and CjaD. We analyzed the binding ability of recombinant proteins that contain <i>C. jejuni</i> antigens (CjaA or CjaD) fused with the protein anchor (PA) of the <i>L. lactis </i>peptidoglycan hydrolase AcmA, which comprises 3 LysM motifs and determines noncovalent binding to the cell wall peptidoglycan. Both fused proteins, i.e. 6HisxCjaAx3LysM and 6HisxCjaDx3LysM, were able to bind to nontreated or TCA-pretreated <i>L. salivarius</i> cells. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our results documented that the LysM-mediated binding system allows us to construct GEM particles that present 2 <i>C. jejuni</i> antigens.
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Robyn J, Rasschaert G, Pasmans F, Heyndrickx M. Thermotolerant Campylobacter during Broiler Rearing: Risk Factors and Intervention. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2015; 14:81-105. [PMID: 33401809 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermotolerant Campylobacters are one of the most important bacterial causative agents of human gastrointestinal illness worldwide. In most European Union (EU) member states human campylobacteriosis is mainly caused by infection with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli following consumption or inadequate handling of Campylobacter-contaminated poultry meat. To date, no effective strategy to control Campylobacter colonization of broilers during rearing is available. In this review, we describe the public health problem posed by Campylobacter presence in broilers and list and critically review all currently known measures that have been researched to lower the numbers of Campylobacter bacteria in broilers during rearing. We also discuss the most promising measures and which measures should be investigated further. We end this review by elaborating on readily usable measures to lower Campylobacter introduction and Campylobacter numbers in a broiler flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Robyn
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium
| | - Geertrui Rasschaert
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- the Dept. of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- the Inst. for Agricultural and Fisheries Research (ILVO), Technology and Food Science Unit, Brusselsesteenweg 370, Melle, Belgium.,the Dept. of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent Univ, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Neal-McKinney JM, Samuelson DR, Eucker TP, Nissen MS, Crespo R, Konkel ME. Reducing Campylobacter jejuni colonization of poultry via vaccination. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114254. [PMID: 25474206 PMCID: PMC4256221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading bacterial cause of human gastrointestinal disease worldwide. While C. jejuni is a commensal organism in chickens, case-studies have demonstrated a link between infection with C. jejuni and the consumption of foods that have been cross-contaminated with raw or undercooked poultry. We hypothesized that vaccination of chickens with C. jejuni surface-exposed colonization proteins (SECPs) would reduce the ability of C. jejuni to colonize chickens, thereby reducing the contamination of poultry products at the retail level and potentially providing a safer food product for consumers. To test our hypothesis, we injected chickens with recombinant C. jejuni peptides from CadF, FlaA, FlpA, CmeC, and a CadF-FlaA-FlpA fusion protein. Seven days following challenge, chickens were necropsied and cecal contents were serially diluted and plated to determine the number of C. jejuni per gram of material. The sera from the chickens were also analyzed to determine the concentration and specificity of antibodies reactive against the C. jejuni SECPs. Vaccination of chickens with the CadF, FlaA, and FlpA peptides resulted in a reduction in the number of C. jejuni in the ceca compared to the non-vaccinated C. jejuni-challenged group. The greatest reduction in C. jejuni colonization was observed in chickens injected with the FlaA, FlpA, or CadF-FlaA-FlpA fusion proteins. Vaccination of chickens with different SECPs resulted in the production of C. jejuni-specific IgY antibodies. In summary, we show that the vaccination of poultry with individual C. jejuni SECPs or a combination of SECPs provides protection of chickens from C. jejuni colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Neal-McKinney
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Derrick R. Samuelson
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tyson P. Eucker
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Nissen
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rocio Crespo
- Avian Health & Food Safety Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Puyallup, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Konkel
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
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42
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Reactions of chicken sera to recombinant Campylobacter jejuni flagellar proteins. Arch Microbiol 2014; 197:353-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-014-1062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Larsen MH, Dalmasso M, Ingmer H, Langsrud S, Malakauskas M, Mader A, Møretrø T, Smole Možina S, Rychli K, Wagner M, John Wallace R, Zentek J, Jordan K. Persistence of foodborne pathogens and their control in primary and secondary food production chains. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Yeh HY, Hiett KL, Line JE, Seal BS. Characterization and antigenicity of recombinant Campylobacter jejuni flagellar capping protein FliD. J Med Microbiol 2014; 63:602-609. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.060095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni, a flagellated, spiral-rod, Gram-negative bacterium, is the leading pathogen of human acute bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and chickens are regarded as a major reservoir of this micro-organism. Bacterial flagella, composed of more than 35 proteins, play important roles in colonization and adhesion to the mucosal surface of chicken caeca. In this study, the flagellar capping protein, FliD, encoded by the fliD gene, from the Campylobacter jenuni D1-39 isolate was expressed and characterized, and its antigenicity determined. The fliD gene comprised 1929 nt, potentially encoding a 642 aa peptide with a calculated molecular mass of 69.6 kDa. This gene was PCR amplified and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant FliD protein was purified by cobalt-chelating affinity chromatography and confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the expression plasmid, SDS-PAGE analysis, His tag detection and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The immunoblot data showed that the purified recombinant FliD protein reacted strongly to sera from broiler chickens older than 4 weeks, indicating that anti-FliD antibody may be prevalent in the poultry population. These results provide a rationale for further evaluation of the FliD protein as a vaccine candidate for broiler chickens to improve food safety for poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yueh Yeh
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA
| | - Kelli L. Hiett
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA
| | - John E. Line
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA
| | - Bruce S. Seal
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Richard B. Russell Agricultural Research Center, Poultry Microbiological Safety Research Unit, 950 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605-2720, USA
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Mahdavi J, Pirinccioglu N, Oldfield NJ, Carlsohn E, Stoof J, Aslam A, Self T, Cawthraw SA, Petrovska L, Colborne N, Sihlbom C, Borén T, Wooldridge KG, Ala'Aldeen DAA. A novel O-linked glycan modulates Campylobacter jejuni major outer membrane protein-mediated adhesion to human histo-blood group antigens and chicken colonization. Open Biol 2014; 4:130202. [PMID: 24451549 PMCID: PMC3909276 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.130202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is an important cause of human foodborne gastroenteritis; strategies to prevent infection are hampered by a poor understanding of the complex interactions between host and pathogen. Previous work showed that C. jejuni could bind human histo-blood group antigens (BgAgs) in vitro and that BgAgs could inhibit the binding of C. jejuni to human intestinal mucosa ex vivo. Here, the major flagella subunit protein (FlaA) and the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) were identified as BgAg-binding adhesins in C. jejuni NCTC11168. Significantly, the MOMP was shown to be O-glycosylated at Thr268; previously only flagellin proteins were known to be O-glycosylated in C. jejuni. Substitution of MOMP Thr268 led to significantly reduced binding to BgAgs. The O-glycan moiety was characterized as Gal(β1–3)-GalNAc(β1–4)-GalNAc(β1–4)-GalNAcα1-Thr268; modelling suggested that O-glycosylation has a notable effect on the conformation of MOMP and this modulates BgAg-binding capacity. Glycosylation of MOMP at Thr268 promoted cell-to-cell binding, biofilm formation and adhesion to Caco-2 cells, and was required for the optimal colonization of chickens by C. jejuni, confirming the significance of this O-glycosylation in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Mahdavi
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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Łaniewski P, Kuczkowski M, Chrząstek K, Woźniak A, Wyszyńska A, Wieliczko A, Jagusztyn-Krynicka EK. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni CjaA protein delivered by Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium strain with regulated delayed attenuation in chickens. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 30:281-92. [PMID: 23913025 PMCID: PMC3880472 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1447-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are regarded as the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, and consumption of chicken meat contaminated by Campylobacter is considered to be one of the most frequent sources of human infection in developed countries. Here we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Salmonella Typhimurium χ9718 producing the Campylobacter jejuni CjaA protein as a chicken anti-Campylobacter vaccine. In this study chickens were orally immunized with a new generation S. Typhimurium strain χ9718 with regulated delayed attenuation in vivo and displaying delayed antigen expression. The immunization with the S. Typhimurium χ9718 strain producing C. jejuni CjaA antigen induced strong immune responses against CjaA in both serum IgY and intestinal IgA, however, it did not result in the significant reduction of intestinal colonization by Campylobacter strain. The low level of protection might arise due to a lack of T cell response. Our results demonstrated that a Salmonella strain with regulated delayed attenuation and displaying regulated delayed antigen expression might be an efficient vector to induce immune response against Campylobacter. It seems that an efficient anti-Campylobacter subunit vaccine should be multicomponent. Since S. Typhimurium χ9718 contains two compatible balanced-lethal plasmids, it can provide the opportunity of cloning several Campylobacter genes encoding immunodominant proteins. It may also be used as a delivery vector of eukaryotic genes encoding immunostimulatory molecules to enhance or modulate functioning of chicken immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Łaniewski
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuczkowski
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Chrząstek
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Woźniak
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wyszyńska
- Department of Bacterial Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Wieliczko
- Department of Epizootiology and Clinic for Birds and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, pl. Grunwaldzki 45, 50-366 Wroclaw, Poland
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Riazi A, Strong PCR, Coleman R, Chen W, Hirama T, van Faassen H, Henry M, Logan SM, Szymanski CM, MacKenzie R, Ghahroudi MA. Pentavalent single-domain antibodies reduce Campylobacter jejuni motility and colonization in chickens. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83928. [PMID: 24391847 PMCID: PMC3877120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne illness in the world, with symptoms ranging from acute diarrhea to severe neurological disorders. Contaminated poultry meat is a major source of C. jejuni infection, and therefore, strategies to reduce this organism in poultry, are expected to reduce the incidence of Campylobacter-associated diseases. We have investigated whether oral administration of C. jejuni-specific single-domain antibodies would reduce bacterial colonization levels in chickens. Llama single-domain antibodies specific for C. jejuni were isolated from a phage display library generated from the heavy chain IgG variable domain repertoire of a llama immunized with C. jejuni flagella. Two flagella-specific single-domain antibodies were pentamerized to yield high avidity antibodies capable of multivalent binding to the target antigen. When administered orally to C. jejuni-infected two-day old chicks, the pentabodies significantly reduced C. jejuni colonization in the ceca. In vitro, the motility of the bacteria was also reduced in the presence of the flagella-specific pentabodies, suggesting the mechanism of action is through either direct interference with flagellar motility or antibody-mediated aggregation. Fluorescent microscopy and Western blot analyses revealed specific binding of the anti-flagella pentabodies to the C. jejuni flagellin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Riazi
- AbCelex Technologies Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philippa C. R. Strong
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Russell Coleman
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomoko Hirama
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henk van Faassen
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Henry
- Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Susan M. Logan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine M. Szymanski
- Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Department of Biological Sciences and Alberta Glycomics Centre, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger MacKenzie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, Department of Biological Sciences and Alberta Glycomics Centre, The University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehdi Arbabi Ghahroudi
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Shehata AA, Sultan H, Hafez HM, Krüger M. Safety and efficacy of a metabolic drift live attenuated Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine against fowl typhoid. Avian Dis 2013; 57:29-35. [PMID: 23678726 DOI: 10.1637/10287-062112-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Fowl typhoid (FT), a systemic disease that results in septicemia in poultry, is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum (SG). Mortality and morbidity rates from FT can reach up to 80%. Attenuated live Salmonella vaccine candidates have received considerable attention because they confer solid immunity, and they can produce systemic and mucosal immunity in the gut when administered orally. In the present study, five metabolic drift (MD) mutants with a single-(designated SG-Rif1, SG-Sm6) or double-attenuating marker (designated SG-Rif1-Sm4, SG-Sm6-Rif10, and SG-Rif1-Sm10) were isolated. The relative colony sizes to wild-type strain after 24 hr at 37 C incubation were 50%, 40%, 30%, 30%, and 20%, respectively. The probability of a back mutation can almost be excluded because the reduced colony sizes were stable after at least 50 passages on culture media. The safety and immunogenicity were evaluated in susceptible 1-day-old commercial layer chickens. After oral administration of 10(8) colony-forming units (CFU), all developed MD mutants proved to be safe and did not cause death of any infected birds during 15 days postvaccination, whereas chickens receiving 10(6) CFU SG wild-type strain showed a high mortality rate (40%). Vaccination of commercial layer chicks with SG-Rif1, SG-Sm6, SG-Rif1-Sm4, and SG-Sm6-Rif10 MD mutants could protect chickens against challenge by homologous wild-type strain; however, SG-Rif1-Sm10 could not protect against challenge, indicating hyperattenuation. In conclusion, vaccination with SG MD mutant vaccine appears to be safe and offers protection against FT in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad Ali Shehata
- Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, An den Tierkliniken 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Saxena M, John B, Mu M, Van TTH, Taki A, Coloe PJ, Smooker PM. Strategies to Reduce Campylobacter Colonisation in Chickens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2013.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wassenaar TM. Following an imaginary Campylobacter population from farm to fork and beyond: a bacterial perspective. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:253-63. [PMID: 21762185 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03121.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It has been known for decades that poultry meat is the most common single source for campylobacteriosis, yet the problem has not been solved. This review identifies some of the reasons why our attempts to reduce the incidence of this pathogen have largely failed. Based on the literature, the events a virtual population of Campylobacter may encounter, from growing in the gut of a broiler to eventually infecting humans and causing disease, are reviewed. Most steps in the farm-to-fork process are well studied, though there are gaps in our knowledge about survival and spread of Campylobacter populations before they enter the farm. Key events in the farm-to-fork chain that are suitable targets for prevention and control, to reduce food-borne campylobacteriosis, are indicated. Novel insights into the pathogenic mechanism responsible for disease in humans are summarized, which hypothesize that an overactive immune response is the reason for the typical inflammatory diarrhoea. A role of genetic microheterogeneity within a clonal population in this chain of events is being proposed here. The human host is not necessary for the survival of the bacterial species, nor have these bacteria specifically evolved to cause disease in that host. More likely, the species evolved for a commensal life in birds, and human disease can be considered as collateral damage owing to an unfortunate host-microbe interaction. The indirect environmental burden that results from poultry production should not be ignored as it may pose a diffuse, but possibly significant risk factor for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Genomics Consultants, Zotzenheim, Germany.
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