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Karafoulidou E, Kesidou E, Theotokis P, Konstantinou C, Nella MK, Michailidou I, Touloumi O, Polyzoidou E, Salamotas I, Einstein O, Chatzisotiriou A, Boziki MK, Grigoriadis N. Systemic LPS Administration Stimulates the Activation of Non-Neuronal Cells in an Experimental Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Cells 2024; 13:785. [PMID: 38727321 PMCID: PMC11083572 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. Although SMA is a genetic disease, environmental factors contribute to disease progression. Common pathogen components such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are considered significant contributors to inflammation and have been associated with muscle atrophy, which is considered a hallmark of SMA. In this study, we used the SMNΔ7 experimental mouse model of SMA to scrutinize the effect of systemic LPS administration, a strong pro-inflammatory stimulus, on disease outcome. Systemic LPS administration promoted a reduction in SMN expression levels in CNS, peripheral lymphoid organs, and skeletal muscles. Moreover, peripheral tissues were more vulnerable to LPS-induced damage compared to CNS tissues. Furthermore, systemic LPS administration resulted in a profound increase in microglia and astrocytes with reactive phenotypes in the CNS of SMNΔ7 mice. In conclusion, we hereby show for the first time that systemic LPS administration, although it may not precipitate alterations in terms of deficits of motor functions in a mouse model of SMA, it may, however, lead to a reduction in the SMN protein expression levels in the skeletal muscles and the CNS, thus promoting synapse damage and glial cells' reactive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Karafoulidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Evangelia Kesidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Chrystalla Konstantinou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Maria-Konstantina Nella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Olga Touloumi
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Eleni Polyzoidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Ilias Salamotas
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Ofira Einstein
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
| | - Athanasios Chatzisotiriou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Marina-Kleopatra Boziki
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology, 2nd Neurological University Department, AHEPA General Hospital of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Health Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.K.); (E.K.); (P.T.); (C.K.); (M.-K.N.); (I.M.); (O.T.); (E.P.); (I.S.)
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Obermüller B, Singer G, Kienesberger B, Mittl B, Stadlbauer V, Horvath A, Miekisch W, Fuchs P, Schweiger M, Pajed L, Till H, Castellani C. Probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC ® 10 AAD Reduces Cyclophosphamide-Induced Inflammation and Adipose Tissue Wasting in Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:3655. [PMID: 37630845 PMCID: PMC10458463 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is often associated with severe side effects such as drug induced weight loss, also known as chemotherapy-induced cachexia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a multispecies probiotic (OMNi-BiOTiC® 10 AAD) in a chemotherapy mouse model. A total of 24 male BALB/c mice were gavage-fed with the probiotic formulation or water, once a day for 3 weeks. In the third week, the mice received intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide. At euthanasia, the organs were dissected, and serum was sampled for cytokine analysis. Tight junction components, myosin light chain kinase, mucins, and apoptosis markers were detected in the ileum and colon using histological analyses and qRT-PCR. Lipolysis was analyzed by enzymatic activity assay, Western blotting analyses, and qRT-PCR in WAT. The fecal microbiome was measured with 16S-rRNA gene sequencing from stool samples, and fecal volatile organic compounds analysis was performed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The probiotic-fed mice exhibited significantly less body weight loss and adipose tissue wasting associated with a reduced CGI58 mediated lipolysis. They showed significantly fewer pro-inflammatory cytokines and lower gut permeability compared to animals fed without the probiotic. The colons of the probiotic-fed animals showed lower inflammation scores and less goblet cell loss. qRT-PCR revealed no differences in regards to tight junction components, mucins, or apoptosis markers. No differences in microbiome alpha diversity, but differences in beta diversity, were observed between the treatment groups. Taxonomic analysis showed that the probiotic group had a lower relative abundance of Odoribacter and Ruminococcus-UCG014 and a higher abundance of Desulfovibrio. VOC analysis yielded no significant differences. The results of this study indicate that oral administration of the multispecies probiotic OMNi-BiOTiC® 10 AAD could mitigate cyclophosphamide-induced chemotherapy side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Obermüller
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Georg Singer
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Bernhard Kienesberger
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Clinical Center of Klagenfurt, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Barbara Mittl
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Vanessa Stadlbauer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Center of Biomarker Research (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Angela Horvath
- Center of Biomarker Research (CBmed), 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & Pain Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (W.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Patricia Fuchs
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care & Pain Therapy, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (W.M.); (P.F.)
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, BioHealth-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, BioTechMed-Graz, BioHealth-Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (M.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Holger Till
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
| | - Christoph Castellani
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (B.O.); (B.K.); (B.M.); (H.T.); (C.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Weiz District Hospital, 8160 Weiz, Austria
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Boonlaos A, Uddin MJ, Temyord K, Jattawa D, Kayan A. Muscle fiber characteristics and expression level of Troponin T3, Toll-like receptor 2, and Toll-like receptor 4 genes in chicken meat with white striping. Vet World 2023; 16:1415-1420. [PMID: 37621550 PMCID: PMC10446722 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1415-1420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim The poultry industry faces an emerging muscular defect in chicken meat called white striping (WS). The biological processes associated with WS myopathy are immune system activation, angiogenesis, hypoxia, cell death, and striated muscle contraction. We examined the Troponin T3 (TNNT3), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes based on their functions related to muscle contraction and the innate immune system. This study aimed to determine the muscle fiber characteristics (MFCs) and expression level of TNNT3, TLR2, and TLR4 genes in white striping chicken meat (WSCM). Materials and Methods A total of 428 breast samples were randomly collected from a commercial poultry processing plant. The samples were classified into four levels: 0 (normal), 1 (moderate WS), 2 (severe WS), and 3 (extreme WS). Five samples per group were selected to evaluate MFCs, including total number of muscle fibers, muscle fiber diameter, cross-sectional area, endomysium thickness, and perimysium thickness. Five samples per group were selected for ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolation to evaluate the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression levels of TNNT3, TLR2, and TLR4 genes related to WS. Results Statistical analysis revealed that the total number of fibers, endomysium thickness, and perimysium thickness significantly differed between groups (p < 0.05). Muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area did not significantly differ (p > 0.05). The expression of the TNNT3 gene did not significantly differ among groups (p > 0.05). Toll-like receptor 2 and TLR4 mRNA expression significantly differed among groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion These detailed MFCs will provide baseline information to observe WS in chicken meat. Toll-like receptor 2 and TLR4 genes may play a role in the occurrence of WS in chicken meat through non-specific immune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antika Boonlaos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Muhammad Jasim Uddin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
- Center for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Katchaporn Temyord
- Bureau of Livestock Standard and Certification, Department of Livestock Development, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danai Jattawa
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Autchara Kayan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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TLR3 stimulation improves the migratory potency of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through the stress response pathway in the melanoma mouse model. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2293-2304. [PMID: 36575321 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are utilized as a carrier of anti-tumor agents in targeted anti-cancer therapy. Despite the improvements in this area, there are still some unsolved issues in determining the appropriate dose, method of administration and biodistribution of MSCs. The current study aimed to determine the influence of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) stimulation on the potential of MSCs migration to the neoplasm environment in the mouse melanoma model. METHODS AND RESULTS Adipose-derived MSCs (ADMSCs) were isolated from the GFP+ transgenic C57BL/6 mouse and treated with different doses (1 µg/ml and 10 µg/ml) of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, the related TLR3 agonist, at various time points (1 and 4 h). Following the treatment, the expression of targeted genes such as α4, α5, and β1 integrins and TGF-β and IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokines was determined using real-time PCR. In vivo live imaging evaluated the migration index of the intraperitoneally (IP) injected treated ADMSCs in a lung tumor-bearing mouse (C57BL/6) melanoma model (n = 5). The presented findings demonstrated that TLR3 stimulation enhanced both migration of ADMSCs to the tumor area compared with control group (n = 5) and expression of α4, α5, and β1 integrins. It was also detected that the engagement of TLR3 resulted in the anti-inflammatory behavior of the cells, which might influence the directed movement of ADMSCs. CONCLUSION This research identified that TLR3 activation might improve the migration via the stimulation of stress response in the cells and depending on the agonist concentration and time exposure, this activated pathway drives the migratory behavior of MSCs.
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Lang CH. IMPORTANCE OF THE INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN SKELETAL MUSCLE TO SEPSIS-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN PROTEIN BALANCE. Shock 2023; 59:214-223. [PMID: 36730901 PMCID: PMC9957944 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT There is growing appreciation that skeletal muscle is a fully functional component of the body's innate immune system with the potential to actively participate in the host response to invading bacteria as opposed to being a passive target. In this regard, skeletal muscle in general and myocytes specifically possess an afferent limb that recognizes a wide variety of host pathogens via their interaction with multiple classes of cell membrane-bound and intracellular receptors, including toll-like receptors, cytokine receptors, NOD-like receptors, and the NLRP inflammasome. The efferent limb of the innate immune system in muscle is equally robust and with an increased synthesis and secretion of a variety of myocyte-derived cytokines (i.e., myokines), including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, and NO as well as multiple chemokines in response to appropriate stimulation. Herein, the current narrative review focuses primarily on the immune response of myocytes per se as opposed to other cell types within whole muscle. Moreover, because there are important differences, this review focuses specifically on systemic infection and inflammation as opposed to the response of muscle to direct injury and various types of muscular dystrophies. To date, however, there are few definitive muscle-specific studies that are necessary to directly address the relative importance of muscle-derived immune activation as a contributor to either the systemic immune response or the local immune microenvironment within muscle during sepsis and the resultant downstream metabolic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles H Lang
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
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Seo E, Truong CS, Jun HS. Psoralea corylifolia L. seed extract attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in mice by inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 296:115490. [PMID: 35728709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The seeds of Psoralea corylifolia (PCS), also called "Boh-Gol-Zhee" in Korean, have been used in traditional medicine. PCS is effective for the treatment of vitiligo, cancer, inflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, kidney diseases, and musculoskeletal diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we validated the beneficial effects of PCS extract on dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS DEX (20 mg/kg/day, 10 days) was intraperitoneally injected into C57BL/6 male mice to induce muscular atrophy. Oral administration of PCS extract (200 or 500 mg/kg/day) was started 2 days before DEX injection and continued for 12 days. RESULTS PCS extract inhibited DEX-induced decrease in body and muscle weight, grip strength, and cross-sectional area of the tibialis anterior. PCS extract significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of myosin heavy chain 1, 2A, and 2X in DEX-administered mice. DEX administration significantly increased the levels of muscle atrophy factors atrogin-1, muscle RING-finger protein-1, and myostatin, which were inhibited by the PCS extract. Additionally, PCS extract increased the expression of muscle regeneration factors, such as myoblast determination protein 1, myogenin, and embryonic myosin heavy chain, and muscle synthesis markers, such as protein kinase B and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling molecules. PCS extract also significantly decreased the DEX-induced production of 4-hydroxynonenal, an oxidative stress marker. Furthermore, PCS extract recovered superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities, which were significantly reduced by DEX administration. Moreover, DEX-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and expression of cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, significantly decreased after PCS extract administration. CONCLUSIONS Here, we demonstrated that PCS extract administration protected against DEX-induced muscle atrophy. This beneficial effect was mediated by suppressing the expression of muscle degradation factors and increasing the expression of muscle regeneration and synthesis factors. This effect was probably due to the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. These results highlight the potential of PCS extract as a protective and therapeutic agent against muscle dysfunction and atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhui Seo
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cao-Sang Truong
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- College of Pharmacy and Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea; Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
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Browne CA, Clarke G, Fitzgerald P, O'Sullivan J, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Distinct post-sepsis induced neurochemical alterations in two mouse strains. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:39-53. [PMID: 35569797 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis associated encephalopathy, occurs in 70% of severe septic cases, following which survivors exhibit long-term cognitive impairment or global loss of cognitive function. Currently there is no clearly defined neurochemical basis of septic encephalopathy. Moreover, the lingering neurological complications associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the significant worsening in outcomes for those individuals with SARS-Cov-2 following sepsis underscore the need to define factors underlying the susceptibility to acute toxic encephalitis. In this study, differential neurochemical sequelae in response to sepsis (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia and caecal ligation and puncture (CLP)), were evaluated in two inbred mouse strains, known to differ in behaviour, immune profile, and neurotransmitter levels, namely BALB/c and C57BL/6J. It was hypothesized that these strains would differ in sepsis severity, cytokine profile, peripheral tryptophan metabolism and central monoamine turnover. BALB/c mice exhibited more pronounced sickness behavioural scores, hypothermia, and significant upregulation of cytokines in the LPS model relative to C57BL/6J mice. Increased plasma kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, hippocampal serotonin and brainstem dopamine turnover were evident in both strains, but the magnitude was greater in BALB/c mice. In addition, CLP significantly enhanced kynurenine levels and hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission in C57BL/6J mice. Overall, these studies depict consistent changes in kynurenine, serotonin, and dopamine post sepsis. Further evaluation of these monoamines in the context of septic encephalopathy and cognitive decline is warranted. Moreover, these data suggest the continued evaluation of altered peripheral kynurenine metabolism as a potential blood-based biomarker of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Browne
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Neuropharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Neuropharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Neuropharmacology Research Group, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
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Alvarez AM, Alvarez-Flores MP, DeOcesano-Pereira C, Goldfeder MB, Chudzinski-Tavassi AM, Moreira V, Teixeira C. Losac and Lopap Recombinant Proteins from Lonomia obliqua Bristles Positively Modulate the Myoblast Proliferation Process. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:904737. [PMID: 35847970 PMCID: PMC9280836 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.904737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of better therapies for disorders creating deficiencies in skeletal muscle regeneration is in progress, and several biotoxins are used in skeletal muscle research. Since recombinant proteins derived from Lonomia obliqua bristles, recombinant Lonomia obliqua Stuart-factor activator (rLosac) and recombinant Lonomia obliqua prothrombin activator protease (rLopap) act as cytoprotective agents and promote cell survival, we hypothesize that both rLosac and rLopap favour the skeletal muscle regeneration process. In the present work, we investigate the ability of these recombinant proteins rLosac and rLopap to modulate the production of key mediators of the myogenic process. The expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), cell proliferation, the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and the protein expression of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2 were evaluated in C2C12 mouse myoblasts pre-treated with rLosac and rLopap. We found an increased proliferation of myoblasts, stimulated by both recombinant proteins. Moreover, these proteins modulated PGE2 release and MRFs activities. We also found an increased expression of the EP4 receptor in the proliferative phase of C2C12 cells, suggesting the involvement of this receptor in the effects of PGE2 in these cells. Moreover, the recombinant proteins inhibited the release of IL-6 and PGE2, which is induced by an inflammatory stimulus by IL-1β. This work reveals rLopap and rLosac as promising proteins to modulate processes involving tissue regeneration as occurs during skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela María Alvarez
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauricio Barbugiani Goldfeder
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Innovation and Development Labororatory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Innovation and Development Labororatory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Moreira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pharmacology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Moreira, ; Catarina Teixeira,
| | - Catarina Teixeira
- Centre of Excellence in New Target Discovery -CENTD-, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Moreira, ; Catarina Teixeira,
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Coleman CS, Stanley BA, Lang CH. Enrichment of Newly Synthesized Proteins following treatment of C2C12 Myotubes with Endotoxin and Interferon-γ. Inflammation 2022; 45:1313-1331. [PMID: 35028803 PMCID: PMC9106851 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01622-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation in muscle induces the synthesis of mediators that can impair protein synthesis and enhance proteolysis, and when sustained lead to muscle atrophy. Furthermore, muscle-derived mediators that are secreted may participate in disrupting the function of other peripheral organs. Selective identification of newly synthesized proteins can provide insight on biological processes that depend on the continued synthesis of specific proteins to maintain homeostasis as well as those proteins that are up- or down-regulated in response to inflammation. We used puromycin-associated nascent chain proteomics (PUNCH-P) to characterize new protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes and changes resulting from their exposure to the inflammatory mediators lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ for either a short (4 h) or prolonged (16 h) time period. We identified sequences of nascent polypeptide chains belonging to a total of 1523 proteins and report their detection from three independent samples of each condition at each time point. The identified nascent proteins correspond to approximately 15% of presently known proteins in C2C12 myotubes and are enriched in specific cellular components and pathways. A subset of these proteins was identified only in treated samples and has functional characteristics consistent with the synthesis of specific new proteins in response to LPS/IFNγ. Thus, the identification of proteins from their nascent polypeptide chains provides a resource to analyze the role of new synthesis of proteins in both protein homeostasis and in proteome responses to stimuli in C2C12 myotubes. Our results reveal a profile of actively translating proteins for specific cellular components and biological processes in normal C2C12 myotubes and a different enrichment of proteins in response to LPS/IFNγ. Collectively, our data disclose a highly interconnected network that integrates the regulation of cellular proteostasis and reveal a diverse immune response to inflammation in muscle which may underlie the concomitantly observed atrophy and be important in inter-organ communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S Coleman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bruce A Stanley
- Section of Research Resources, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Charles H Lang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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10
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de Oliveira TS, Shimabukuro MK, Monteiro VRS, Andrade CBV, Boelen A, Wajner SM, Maia AL, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Bloise FF. Low Inflammatory Stimulus Increases D2 Activity and Modulates Thyroid Hormone Metabolism during Myogenesis In Vitro. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050416. [PMID: 35629920 PMCID: PMC9144220 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) signaling controls muscle progenitor cells differentiation. However, inflammation can alter muscle TH signaling by modulating the expression of TH transporters (Slc16a2), receptors (Thra1), and deiodinase enzymes (Dio2 and Dio3). Thus, a proinflammatory environment could affect myogenesis. The role of a low-grade inflammatory milieu in TH signaling during myogenesis needs further investigation. Herein, we aimed to study the impact of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory stimulus on the TH signaling during myogenesis. C2C12 myoblasts differentiation was induced without (CTR) or with 10 ng/mL LPS presence. The myoblasts under LPS stimulus release the proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and IL-1β) and chemokines (CCL2 and CXCL-1). LPS decreases Myod1 expression by 28% during the initial myogenesis, thus reducing the myogenic stimulus. At the same time, LPS reduced the expression of Dio2 by 41% but doubled the D2 enzymatic activity. The late differentiation was not affected by inflammatory milieu, which only increased the Slc16a2 gene expression by 38%. LPS altered the intracellular metabolism of TH and reduced the initial myogenic stimulus. However, it did not affect late differentiation. Increased intracellular TH activation may be the compensatory pathway involved in the recovery of myogenic differentiation under a low-grade inflammatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Siqueira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.S.d.O.); (M.K.S.); (V.R.S.M.); (C.B.V.A.); (T.M.O.-C.)
| | - Marilia Kimie Shimabukuro
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.S.d.O.); (M.K.S.); (V.R.S.M.); (C.B.V.A.); (T.M.O.-C.)
| | - Victoria Regina Siqueira Monteiro
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.S.d.O.); (M.K.S.); (V.R.S.M.); (C.B.V.A.); (T.M.O.-C.)
| | - Cherley Borba Vieira Andrade
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.S.d.O.); (M.K.S.); (V.R.S.M.); (C.B.V.A.); (T.M.O.-C.)
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute of Biology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Simone Magagnin Wajner
- Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (S.M.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Ana Luiza Maia
- Thyroid Unit, Endocrine Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-903, Brazil; (S.M.W.); (A.L.M.)
| | - Tania Maria Ortiga-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.S.d.O.); (M.K.S.); (V.R.S.M.); (C.B.V.A.); (T.M.O.-C.)
| | - Flavia Fonseca Bloise
- Laboratory of Translational Endocrinology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.S.d.O.); (M.K.S.); (V.R.S.M.); (C.B.V.A.); (T.M.O.-C.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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George KS, Munoz J, Ormsbee LT, Akhavan NS, Foley EM, Siebert SC, Kim JS, Hickner RC, Arjmandi BH. The Short-Term Effect of Prunes in Improving Bone in Men. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020276. [PMID: 35057457 PMCID: PMC8779167 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major health concern in aging populations, where 54% of the U.S. population aged 50 and older have low bone mineral density (BMD). Increases in inflammation and oxidative stress play a major role in the development of osteoporosis. Men are at a greater risk of mortality due to osteoporosis-related fractures. Our earlier findings in rodent male and female models of osteoporosis, as well as postmenopausal women strongly suggest the efficacy of prunes (dried plum) in reducing inflammation and preventing/reversing bone loss. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of two doses of prunes, daily, on biomarkers of inflammation and bone metabolism in men with some degree of bone loss (BMD; t-score between −0.1 and −2.5 SD), for three months. Thirty-five men between the ages of 55 and 80 years were randomized into one of three groups: 100 g prunes, 50 g prunes, or control. Consumption of 100 g prunes led to a significant decrease in serum osteocalcin (p < 0.001). Consumption of 50 g prunes led to significant decreases in serum osteoprotegerin (OPG) (p = 0.003) and serum osteocalcin (p = 0.040), and an increase in the OPG:RANKL ratio (p = 0.041). Regular consumption of either 100 g or 50 g prunes for three months may positively affect bone turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli S. George
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.S.A.); (S.C.S.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Joseph Munoz
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.S.A.); (S.C.S.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Lauren T. Ormsbee
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.S.A.); (S.C.S.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Neda S. Akhavan
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.S.A.); (S.C.S.); (J.-S.K.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Elizabeth M. Foley
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Shalom C. Siebert
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.S.A.); (S.C.S.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jeong-Su Kim
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.S.A.); (S.C.S.); (J.-S.K.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Robert C. Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA; (J.M.); (L.T.O.); (N.S.A.); (S.C.S.); (J.-S.K.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhu L, Han Z, He Y, Sun H. Caspase-1-Dependent Pyroptosis Mediates Adjuvant Activity of Platycodin D as an Adjuvant for Intramuscular Vaccines. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010134. [PMID: 35011696 PMCID: PMC8750424 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platycodin D (PD) is a potent adjuvant with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity, but its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here, the C2C12 myoblast cell line and mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models to identify potential signaling pathways involved in the adjuvant activity of PD. PD induced a transient cytotoxicity and inflammatory response in the C2C12 cells and in mouse quadricep muscles. A comparative analysis of microarray data revealed that PD induced similar gene expression profiles in the C2C12 cells and in the quadricep muscles, and triggered rapid regulation of death, immune, and inflammation-related genes, both in vivo and in vitro. It was further demonstrated that caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis was involved in the PD-induced cytotoxicity and inflammatory response in the C2C12 cells via the Ca2+–c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)–NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathway. Consistently, the in vivo analysis revealed that a local blockage of NLRP3 and caspase-1 inhibited PD-induced cytokine production and immune cell recruitment at the injection site, and impaired the adjuvant activity of PD on antigen-specific immune responses to model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. These findings identified the caspase-1-dependent adjuvanticity of PD and expanded the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of saponin-based adjuvants.
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13
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Vichaya EG, Ford BG, Quave CB, Rishi MR, Grossberg AJ, Dantzer R. Toll-like receptor 4 mediates the development of fatigue in the murine Lewis Lung Carcinoma model independently of activation of macrophages and microglia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 122:104874. [PMID: 32979744 PMCID: PMC7686070 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-related fatigue at the time of tumor diagnosis is commonly attributed to inflammation associated with the disease process. However, we have previously demonstrated that running wheel deficits occur well before increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the liver and brain in a murine model of human papilloma virus-related head and neck cancer (mEER). Further, we have demonstrated that genetic deletion of type I interleukin-1 receptor and MyD88 has no effect. In the current investigation we sought to test the generality of this finding by assessing whether there is a role for toll-like receptor (TLR) 4-dependent inflammation in the fatigue-like behavior observed in mice with Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) or mEER tumors. Genetic deletion of TLR4 attenuated tumor-induced elevations in liver pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in both models. However, it only abrogated wheel running deficits in LLC tumor bearing mice. To determine whether TLR4 signaling in the LLC model involves innate immune cells, mice were treated with the colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 receptor antagonist PLX-5622 before and throughout tumor development to deplete microglia and peripheral macrophages. Administration of PLX-5622 had no protective effect on wheel running deficits in either mEER or LLC tumor models despite effective depletion of microglia and a down regulation of peripheral proinflammatory cytokine expression. These results indicate that the TLR4 signaling that mediates fatigue-like behavior in LLC mice is not dependent upon microglial or peripheral macrophage activation. Based on the literature and our data demonstrating attenuation of ubiquitin proteasome pathway activation in the gastrocnemius muscle of Tlr4-/- mice implanted with LLC cells, we interpret our current findings as indication that skeletal muscle TLR4 signaling may be involved. These results are important in that they add to the evidence that tumor-induced fatigue develops independently from classical neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth G. Vichaya
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798,Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Bianca G. Ford
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Cana B. Quave
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030,University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030
| | - M. Raafay Rishi
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Aaron J. Grossberg
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR, US
| | - Robert Dantzer
- Department of Symptom Research, Laboratory of Neuroimmunology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030
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14
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The Effects of Prebiotic Supplementation with OMNi-LOGiC ® FIBRE on Fecal Microbiome, Fecal Volatile Organic Compounds, and Gut Permeability in Murine Neuroblastoma-Induced Tumor-Associated Cachexia. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12072029. [PMID: 32650568 PMCID: PMC7400931 DOI: 10.3390/nu12072029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant diseases can cause tumor-associated cachexia (TAC). Supplementation with prebiotic non-digestible carbohydrates exerts positive metabolic effects in experimental oncologic diseases. The aim of this project was to assess the effect of prebiotic supplementation with OMNi-LOGiC® FIBRE on intestinal microbiome, bacterial metabolism, gut permeability, and inflammation in a murine model of neuroblastoma (NB)-associated TAC. For this study, 2,000,000 NB cells (MHH-NB11) were implanted into athymic mice followed by daily supplementation with water or 200 mg prebiotic oligosaccharide (POS) OMNi-LOGiC® FIBRE (NB-Aqua, n = 12; NB-POS, n = 12). Three animals of each tumor group did not develop NB. The median time of tumor growth (first visibility to euthanasia) was 37 days (IQR 12.5 days) in the NB-Aqua group and 37 days (IQR 36.5 days) in the NB-POS group (p = 0.791). At euthanasia, fecal microbiome and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), gut permeability (fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-dextran), and gut barrier markers were measured. Values were compared to sham animals following injection of culture medium and gavage of either water or OMNi-LOGiC® FIBRE (SH-Aqua, n = 10; SH-POS, n = 10). Alpha diversity did not differ significantly between the groups. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) revealed clustering differences between Aqua and POS animals. Both NB and POS supplementation led to taxonomic alterations of the fecal microbiome. Of 49 VOCs, 22 showed significant differences between the groups. NB animals had significantly higher gut permeability than Aqua animals; POS did not ameliorate these changes. The pore and leak pathways of tight junctions did not differ between groups. In conclusion, our results suggest that NB-induced TAC causes increased gut permeability coupled with compositional changes in the fecal microbiome and VOC profile. Prebiotic supplementation with OMNi-LOGiC® FIBRE seemed to induce modifications of the fecal microbiome and VOC profile but did not improve gut permeability.
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15
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De Paepe B. Progressive Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Muscular Dystrophies: A Role for Toll-like Receptor-Signaling in Disease Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124440. [PMID: 32580419 PMCID: PMC7352931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is an active process controlled by specific transcriptional programs, in which muscle mass is lost by increased protein degradation and/or decreased protein synthesis. This review explores the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the muscle atrophy as it is observed in muscular dystrophies, disorders characterized by successive bouts of muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration in an attempt to repair contraction-induced damage. TLRs are defense receptors that detect infection and recognize self-molecules released from damaged cells. In muscular dystrophies, these receptors become over-active, and are firmly involved in the sustained chronic inflammation exhibited by the muscle tissue, via their induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Taming the exaggerated activation of TLR2/4 and TLR7/8/9, and their downstream effectors in particular, comes forward as a therapeutic strategy with potential to slow down disease progression.
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16
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Suzuki JI, Miki S, Ushijima M, Kodera Y. Regulation of immune response by S-1-propenylcysteine through autophagy-mediated protein degradation. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:1570-1573. [PMID: 32010341 PMCID: PMC6966193 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a key event in cellular recycling processes due to its involvement in the intracellular degradation of proteins. It has been demonstrated that S−1-propenylcysteine (S1PC), a characteristic sulfur compound in aged garlic extract, induces the activation of autophagy. S1PC degrades the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation response protein 88 (MyD88) of downstream of Toll-like receptor (TLR) by activating autophagy in vitro and in vivo. The degradation of MyD88 inhibits the TLR signaling pathway, including the phosphorylation of interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 (IRAK4) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 in vitro, and eventually leads to the inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6 production in vitro and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (Ccl2) mRNA expression in vivo. S1PC also increases the level of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and the number of IgA-producing cells in Peyer's patches in vivo. In addition, S1PC triggers the mRNA expression of X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1), an inducer of IgA-producing cell differentiation via the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and the degradation of paired box protein 5 (Pax5), a suppressor of Xbp1 mRNA expression. The present review summarizes the mechanisms through which the activation of autophagy by S1PC modulates the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichiro Suzuki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Satomi Miki
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Ushijima
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Kodera
- Central Research Institute, Wakunaga Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hiroshima 739-1195, Japan
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17
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McDonald FB, Dempsey EM, O'Halloran KD. The impact of preterm adversity on cardiorespiratory function. Exp Physiol 2019; 105:17-43. [PMID: 31626357 DOI: 10.1113/ep087490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? We review the influence of prematurity on the cardiorespiratory system and examine the common sequel of alterations in oxygen tension, and immune activation in preterm infants. What advances does it highlight? The review highlights neonatal animal models of intermittent hypoxia, hyperoxia and infection that contribute to our understanding of the effect of stress on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. We also focus on some of the important physiological pathways that have a modulatory role on the cardiorespiratory system in early life. ABSTRACT Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality. Babies that survive early-life stress associated with immaturity have significant prevailing short- and long-term morbidities. Oxygen dysregulation in the first few days and weeks after birth is a primary concern as the cardiorespiratory system slowly adjusts to extrauterine life. Infants exposed to rapid alterations in oxygen tension, including exposures to hypoxia and hyperoxia, have altered redox balance and active immune signalling, leading to altered stress responses that impinge on neurodevelopment and cardiorespiratory homeostasis. In this review, we explore the clinical challenges posed by preterm birth, followed by an examination of the literature on animal models of oxygen dysregulation and immune activation in the context of early-life stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona B McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eugene M Dempsey
- Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ken D O'Halloran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine & Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT) Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Van Maele L, Fougeron D, Cayet D, Chalon A, Piccioli D, Collignon C, Sirard JC, Didierlaurent AM. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in hematopoietic-lineage cells contributes to the enhanced activity of the human vaccine adjuvant AS01. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2134-2145. [PMID: 31489613 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The 3-O-desacyl-4'-monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) activates immunity through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. The Adjuvant System AS01 contains MPL and is used in the candidate malaria vaccine and the licensed zoster vaccine. Recent studies reported that AS01 adjuvant activity depends on a transient inflammation at the site of vaccination, but the role of stromal or structural cells in the adjuvant effect is unknown. We investigated this question in mouse models by assessing the role of TLR4 on hematopoietic versus resident structural cells during immunization with AS01-adjuvanted vaccines. We first established that TLR4-deficient animals had a reduced immune response to an AS01-adjuvanted vaccine. Using bone marrow chimera, we consistently found that Tlr4 expression in radio-sensitive cells, i.e., hematopoietic cells, was required for an optimal adjuvant effect on antibody and T-cell responses. At day 1 after injection, the pro-inflammatory reaction at the site of injection was strongly dependent on TLR4 signaling in hematopoietic cells. Similarly, activation of dendritic cells in muscle-draining lymph nodes was strictly associated with the radio-sensitive cells expressing Tlr4. Altogether, these data suggest that MPL-mediated TLR4-signaling in hematopoietic cells is critical in the mode of action of AS01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurye Van Maele
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Fougeron
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Delphine Cayet
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1019 - UMR 8204 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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19
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Multi-Staged Regulation of Lipid Signaling Mediators during Myogenesis by COX-1/2 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184326. [PMID: 31487817 PMCID: PMC6769623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases (COXs), including COX-1 and -2, are enzymes essential for lipid mediator (LMs) syntheses from arachidonic acid (AA), such as prostaglandins (PGs). Furthermore, COXs could interplay with other enzymes such as lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) to regulate the signaling of LMs. In this study, to comprehensively analyze the function of COX-1 and -2 in regulating the signaling of bioactive LMs in skeletal muscle, mouse primary myoblasts and C2C12 cells were transfected with specific COX-1 and -2 siRNAs, followed by targeted lipidomic analysis and customized quantitative PCR gene array analysis. Knocking down COXs, particularly COX-1, significantly reduced the release of PGs from muscle cells, especially PGE2 and PGF2α, as well as oleoylethanolamide (OEA) and arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA). Moreover, COXs could interplay with LOXs to regulate the signaling of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). The changes in LMs are associated with the expression of genes, such as Itrp1 (calcium signaling) and Myh7 (myogenic differentiation), in skeletal muscle. In conclusion, both COX-1 and -2 contribute to LMs production during myogenesis in vitro, and COXs could interact with LOXs during this process. These interactions and the fine-tuning of the levels of these LMs are most likely important for skeletal muscle myogenesis, and potentially, muscle repair and regeneration.
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20
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Colombani T, Haudebourg T, Decossas M, Lambert O, Ada Da Silva G, Altare F, Pitard B. Lipidic Aminoglycoside Derivatives: A New Class of Immunomodulators Inducing a Potent Innate Immune Stimulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900288. [PMID: 31453059 PMCID: PMC6702646 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Development of simple and fully characterized immunomodulatory molecules is an active area of research to enhance current immunotherapies. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a nontoxic lipidic derivative from bacteria, is the first and currently only adjuvant approved in humans. However, its capacity to induce a potent response against weak immunogenic tumoral-associated antigens remains limited. Herein, a new generation of lipidic immunomodulators to conduct a structure-activity relationship study to determine the minimal structural elements conferring immunomodulatory properties is introduced. Two lead molecules characterized by a short succinyl linker between two oleyl chains and a polar headgroup consisting of either naturally occurring tobramycin (DOST) or kanamycin (DOSK) are identified. These two lipoaminoglycosides self-assemble in very small vesicles. In a wide variety of cells including 3D human cell culture, DOST and DOSK induce the upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and interferon-inducible proteins in a dose and time-dependent manner via a caveolae-dependent proinflammatory mechanism and phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activation. Furthermore, after intratumoral administration, these lipoaminoglycosides induce an efficient immune response leading to significant antitumor activity in a mouse breast cancer model. Altogether, these findings indicate that DOST and DOSK are two groundbreaking synthetic lipid immunostimulators that can be used as adjuvants to enhance current immunotherapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault Colombani
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Thomas Haudebourg
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Marion Decossas
- CBMN UMR‐CNRS 5248Université de BordeauxAllée Geoffroy Saint HilairePessac33600France
| | - Olivier Lambert
- CBMN UMR‐CNRS 5248Université de BordeauxAllée Geoffroy Saint HilairePessac33600France
| | - Grace Ada Da Silva
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Frederic Altare
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
| | - Bruno Pitard
- CRCINA, INSERMUniversité d'Angers, Université de NantesBoulevard Bénoni GoullinNantes44200France
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21
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Liu X, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Xiao W. BMSC Transplantation Aggravates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Fibrosis and Impairs Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Front Physiol 2019; 10:87. [PMID: 30814953 PMCID: PMC6382023 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle contusion is one of the most common muscle injuries in sports medicine and traumatology. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) transplantation has been proposed as a promising strategy to promote skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of BMSCs in the regulation of skeletal muscle regeneration are still not completely clear. Here, we investigated the role of BMSC transplantation after muscle contusion. BMSCs were immediately transplanted into gastrocnemius muscles (GMs) following direct contusion. Comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses were performed after BMSC transplantation. BMSC transplantation exacerbated muscle fibrosis and inflammation, as evidenced by increased leukocyte and macrophage infiltration, increased inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and increased matrix metalloproteinases. BMSC transplantation also increased muscle oxidative stress. Overall, BMSC transplantation aggravated inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. These results, shed new light on the role of BMSCs in regenerative medicine and indicate that caution is needed in the application of BMSCs for muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zheng
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingjie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peijie Chen
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Xiao
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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22
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Abstract
Sepsis was known to ancient Greeks since the time of great physician Hippocrates (460-377 BC) without exact information regarding its pathogenesis. With time and medical advances, it is now considered as a condition associated with organ dysfunction occurring in the presence of systemic infection as a result of dysregulation of the immune response. Still with this advancement, we are struggling for the development of target-based therapeutic approach for the management of sepsis. The advancement in understanding the immune system and its working has led to novel discoveries in the last 50 years, including different pattern recognition receptors. Inflammasomes are also part of these novel discoveries in the field of immunology which are <20 years old in terms of their first identification. They serve as important cytosolic pattern recognition receptors required for recognizing cytosolic pathogens, and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns play an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. The activation of both canonical and non-canonical inflammasome signaling pathways is involved in mounting a proinflammatory immune response via regulating the generation of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33 cytokines and pyroptosis. In addition to pathogens and their pathogen-associated molecular patterns, death/damage-associated molecular patterns and other proinflammatory molecules involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis affect inflammasomes and vice versa. Thus, the present review is mainly focused on the inflammasomes, their role in the regulation of immune response associated with sepsis, and their targeting as a novel therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,
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23
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Liu YY, Li LF. Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction in critical illness. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2018; 243:1329-1337. [PMID: 30453774 DOI: 10.1177/1535370218811950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Mechanical ventilation (MV) is life-saving for patients with acute respiratory failure but also causes difficult liberation of patients from ventilator due to rapid decrease of diaphragm muscle endurance and strength, which is termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic damage (VIDD). Numerous studies have revealed that VIDD could increase extubation failure, ICU stay, ICU mortality, and healthcare expenditures. However, the mechanisms of VIDD, potentially involving a multistep process including muscle atrophy, oxidative loads, structural damage, and muscle fiber remodeling, are not fully elucidated. Further research is necessary to unravel mechanistic framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying VIDD, especially mitochondrial dysfunction and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and develop better MV strategies, rehabilitative programs, and pharmacologic agents to translate this knowledge into clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Yang Liu
- 1 Chest Department, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan.,2 Institutes of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fu Li
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.,4 Department of Respiratory Therapy, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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24
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Attenuation of ventilation-induced diaphragm dysfunction through toll-like receptor 4 and nuclear factor-κB in a murine endotoxemia model. J Transl Med 2018; 98:1170-1183. [PMID: 29925937 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0081-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is often used to maintain life in patients with sepsis and sepsis-related acute lung injury. However, controlled MV may cause diaphragm weakness due to muscle injury and atrophy, an effect termed ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction (VIDD). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways may elicit sepsis-related acute inflammatory responses and muscle protein degradation and mediate the pathogenic mechanisms of VIDD. However, the mechanisms regulating the interactions between VIDD and endotoxemia are unclear. We hypothesized that mechanical stretch with or without endotoxin treatment would augment diaphragmatic structural damage, the production of free radicals, muscle proteolysis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy of the diaphragm via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Male C57BL/6 mice, either wild-type or TLR4-deficient, aged between 6 and 8 weeks were exposed to MV (6 mL/kg or 10 mL/kg) with or without endotoxemia for 8 h. Nonventilated mice were used as controls. MV with endotoxemia aggravated VIDD, as demonstrated by the increases in the expression levels of TLR4, caspase-3, atrogin-1, muscle ring finger-1, and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3-II. In addition, increased NF-κB phosphorylation and oxidative loads, disorganized myofibrils, disrupted mitochondria, autophagy, and myonuclear apoptosis were also observed. Furthermore, MV with endotoxemia reduced P62 levels and diaphragm muscle fiber size (P < 0.05). Endotoxin-exacerbated VIDD was attenuated by pharmacologic inhibition with a NF-κB inhibitor or in TLR4-deficient mice (P < 0.05). Our data indicate that endotoxin-augmented MV-induced diaphragmatic injury occurs through the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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25
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de Sire R, Rizzatti G, Ingravalle F, Pizzoferrato M, Petito V, Lopetuso L, Graziani C, de Sire A, Mentella MC, Mele MC, Gasbarrini A, Scaldaferri F. Skeletal muscle-gut axis: emerging mechanisms of sarcopenia for intestinal and extra intestinal diseases. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2018; 64:351-362. [PMID: 30016852 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.18.02511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest on muscle wasting, considering the reduction of quality of life and the increase of morbidity and mortality associated. Sarcopenia and cachexia represent two conditions of reduction of muscle mass, sharing several elements involved in their pathogenesis, such as systemic inflammation, impaired muscle protein synthesis, increased muscle apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle tissue and insulin resistance. These features often characterize cancer, inactivity or denervation, but also inflammatory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure, cardiac failure, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and aging in general. The gastrointestinal tract and gut microbiota are thought to be deeply associated with muscle function and metabolism, although the exact mechanisms that link gut with skeletal muscle are still not well known. This review summarized the potential pathways linking gut with muscle, in particular in conditions as sarcopenia and cachexia. The main emerging pathways implicated in the skeletal muscle-gut axis are: the myostatin/activin signaling pathway, the IGF1/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which results suppressed, the NF-kB signaling pathway and the FOXO signaling pathway. Further researches in this field are necessary to better explain the linkage between gut microbiota and muscle wasting and the possible emerging therapies associated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Sire
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Rizzatti
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Ingravalle
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Pizzoferrato
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Lopetuso
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Graziani
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties and Dentistry, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Mentella
- Clinical Nutrition, A. Gemelli Polyclinic Foundation and Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- Clinical Nutrition, A. Gemelli Polyclinic Foundation and Institute for Research and Care, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy.,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy - .,UOC Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Area Gastroenterologia e Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Gastroenterologiche, Endocrino-Metaboliche e Nefro-Urologiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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26
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Lorant J, Larcher T, Jaulin N, Hedan B, Lardenois A, Leroux I, Dubreil L, Ledevin M, Goubin H, Moullec S, Deschamps JY, Thorin C, André C, Adjali O, Rouger K. Vascular Delivery of Allogeneic MuStem Cells in Dystrophic Dogs Requires Only Short-Term Immunosuppression to Avoid Host Immunity and Generate Clinical/Tissue Benefits. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1096-1110. [PMID: 29871519 PMCID: PMC6158548 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718776306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing demonstrations of regenerative potential for some stem cells led recently to promising therapeutic proposals for neuromuscular diseases. We have shown that allogeneic MuStem cell transplantation into Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dogs under continuous immunosuppression (IS) leads to persistent clinical stabilization and muscle repair. However, long-term IS in medical practice is associated with adverse effects raising safety concerns. Here, we investigate whether the IS removal or its restriction to the transplantation period could be considered. Dogs aged 4-5 months old received vascular infusions of allogeneic MuStem cells without IS (GRMDMU/no-IS) or under transient IS (GRMDMU/tr-IS). At 5 months post-infusion, persisting clinical status improvement of the GRMDMU/tr-IS dogs was observed while GRMDMU/no-IS dogs exhibited no benefit. Histologically, only 9-month-old GRMDMU/tr-IS dogs showed an increased muscle regenerative activity. A mixed cell reaction with the host peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs) and corresponding donor cells revealed undetectable to weak lymphocyte proliferation in GRMDMU/tr-IS dogs compared with a significant proliferation in GRMDMU/no-IS dogs. Importantly, any dog group showed neither cellular nor humoral anti-dystrophin responses. Our results show that transient IS is necessary and sufficient to sustain allogeneic MuStem cell transplantation benefits and prevent host immunity. These findings provide useful critical insight to designing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Lorant
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
- Judith Lorant and Thibaut Larcher both contributed equally to this work
| | - Thibaut Larcher
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
- Judith Lorant and Thibaut Larcher both contributed equally to this work
| | - Nicolas Jaulin
- INSERM, UMR1089, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Benoît Hedan
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélie Lardenois
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Laurence Dubreil
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Mireille Ledevin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | - Hélicia Goubin
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
| | | | - Jack-Yves Deschamps
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
- Centre de Boisbonne, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Thorin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Animale et Pharmacologie Fonctionnelle, Oniris, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine André
- CNRS, UMR6290, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France
- Université Rennes 1, UEB, IFR140, Faculté de Médecine, Rennes, France
| | - Oumeya Adjali
- INSERM, UMR1089, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Nantes, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l’Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes, F-44307, France
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27
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Baker LA, Martin NRW, Kimber MC, Pritchard GJ, Lindley MR, Lewis MP. Resolvin E1 (R
v
E
1
) attenuates LPS induced inflammation and subsequent atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6094-6103. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke A. Baker
- Translational Chemical Biology Research GroupSchool of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUnited Kingdom
| | - Neil R. W. Martin
- Translational Chemical Biology Research GroupSchool of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUnited Kingdom
| | - Marc C. Kimber
- Translational Chemical Biology Research GroupDepartment of Chemistry, School of ScienceLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth J. Pritchard
- Translational Chemical Biology Research GroupDepartment of Chemistry, School of ScienceLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin R. Lindley
- Translational Chemical Biology Research GroupSchool of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- Translational Chemical Biology Research GroupSchool of Sport Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUnited Kingdom
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Abstract
Histopathological analyses of muscle specimens from myositis patients indicate that skeletal muscle cells play an active role in the interaction with immune cells. Research over the last few decades has shown that skeletal muscle cells exhibit immunobiological properties that perfectly define them as non-professional antigen presenting cells. They are able to present antigens via major histocompatibility complex molecules, exhibit costimulatory molecules and secrete soluble molecules that actively shape the immune response in an either pro- or anti-inflammatory manner. Skeletal muscle cells regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses and are essentially involved in the pathophysiological processes of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Understanding the role of skeletal muscle cells might help to identify new therapeutic targets for these devastating diseases. This review summarizes the immunobiological features of skeletal muscle cells, especially in the context of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, and discusses shortcomings and limitations in skeletal muscle related research providing potential perspectives to overcome them in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Maisam Afzali
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Heinz Wiendl
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Germany.
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29
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Peixoto LG, Teixeira RR, Vilela DD, Barbosa LN, Caixeta DC, Deconte SR, de Assis de Araújo F, Sabino-Silva R, Espindola FS. Metformin attenuates the TLR4 inflammatory pathway in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Acta Diabetol 2017; 54:943-951. [PMID: 28791487 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-017-1027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation induced by hyperglycemia triggers the toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway into cells. Our hypothesis was that metformin treatment attenuates the TLR signaling pathways triggered by inflammation in skeletal muscle of hypoinsulinemic/hyperglycemic STZ-induced rats. Thus, we examined TLR signaling under hypoinsulinemia and hyperglycemia conditions and its correlation with insulin resistance in muscle of diabetic rats treated with metformin. METHODS Ten-day diabetic rats were submitted to 7 days of saline (D group) or metformin (500 mg/kg once per day) (D + M group). The skeletal muscle was collected before the insulin tolerance test. Then, Western blotting analysis of skeletal muscle supernatant was probed with TLR4, TLR2, NF-κB, IκB, p-AMPK and p-JNK. TNF-α and CXCL1/KC content was analyzed by ELISA. RESULTS Metformin treatment increased whole-body insulin sensitivity. This regulation was accompanied by a parallel change of p-AMPK and by an inverse regulation of TLR4 and NF-κB contents in the soleus muscle (r = 0.7229, r = -0.8344 and r = -0.7289, respectively, Pearson correlation; p < 0.05). Metformin treatment increased IκB content when compared to D rats. In addition, metformin treatment decreased p-JNK independently of TLR2 signal in diabetic rats. CONCLUSION In summary, the results indicate a relationship between muscular TLR4, p-AMPK and NF-κB content and insulin sensitivity. The study also highlights that in situations of insulin resistance, such as in diabetic subjects, metformin treatment may prevent attenuation of activation of the inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Gomes Peixoto
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (INGEB), Federal University of Uberlandia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E, Sala 237, Campus Umuruama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Renata Roland Teixeira
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (INGEB), Federal University of Uberlandia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E, Sala 237, Campus Umuruama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Danielle Diniz Vilela
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (INGEB), Federal University of Uberlandia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E, Sala 237, Campus Umuruama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Lara Naves Barbosa
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (INGEB), Federal University of Uberlandia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E, Sala 237, Campus Umuruama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (INGEB), Federal University of Uberlandia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E, Sala 237, Campus Umuruama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Simone Ramos Deconte
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry (INGEB), Federal University of Uberlandia, Rua Acre, S/N, Bloco 2E, Sala 237, Campus Umuruama, Uberlândia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil.
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30
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Zhang G, Liu Z, Ding H, Zhou Y, Doan HA, Sin KWT, Zhu ZJ, Flores R, Wen Y, Gong X, Liu Q, Li YP. Tumor induces muscle wasting in mice through releasing extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90. Nat Commun 2017; 8:589. [PMID: 28928431 PMCID: PMC5605540 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting, is a major contributor to cancer-related mortality. However, the key cachexins that mediate cancer-induced muscle wasting remain elusive. Here, we show that tumor-released extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90 are responsible for tumor’s capacity to induce muscle wasting. We detected high-level constitutive release of Hsp70 and Hsp90 associated with extracellular vesicles (EVs) from diverse cachexia-inducing tumor cells, resulting in elevated serum levels in mice. Neutralizing extracellular Hsp70/90 or silencing Hsp70/90 expression in tumor cells abrogates tumor-induced muscle catabolism and wasting in cultured myotubes and in mice. Conversely, administration of recombinant Hsp70 and Hsp90 recapitulates the catabolic effects of tumor. In addition, tumor-released Hsp70/90-expressing EVs are necessary and sufficient for tumor-induced muscle wasting. Further, Hsp70 and Hsp90 induce muscle catabolism by activating TLR4, and are responsible for elevation of circulating cytokines. These findings identify tumor-released circulating Hsp70 and Hsp90 as key cachexins causing muscle wasting in mice. Cachexia affects many cancer patients causing weight loss and increasing mortality. Here, the authors identify extracellular Hsp70 and Hsp90, either in soluble form or secreted as part of exosomes from tumor cells, to be responsible for tumor induction of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zhelong Liu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yixing Hospital affiliated to Jiangsu University, Yixing, 214200, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Hoang Anh Doan
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Ka Wai Thomas Sin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Zhiren J Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Rene Flores
- Academic and Research Affairs, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Yefei Wen
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Xing Gong
- The Brown Foundation Institution of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Qingyun Liu
- The Brown Foundation Institution of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
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Osorio JS, Vailati-Riboni M, Palladino A, Luo J, Loor JJ. Application of nutrigenomics in small ruminants: Lactation, growth, and beyond. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Toll-like receptor 4 mediates Lewis lung carcinoma-induced muscle wasting via coordinate activation of protein degradation pathways. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2273. [PMID: 28536426 PMCID: PMC5442131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-induced cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting, is a lethal metabolic syndrome with undefined etiology. Current consensus is that multiple factors contribute to cancer-induced muscle wasting, and therefore therapy requires combinational strategies. Here, we show that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mediates cancer-induced muscle wasting by directly activating muscle catabolism as well as stimulating an innate immune response in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), and targeting TLR4 alone effectively abrogate muscle wasting. Utilizing specific siRNAs we observed that LLC cell-conditioned medium (LCM)-treated C2C12 myotubes underwent a rapid catabolic response in a TLR4-dependent manner, including activation of the p38 MAPK−C/EBPβ signaling pathway as well as the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosome pathways, resulting in myotube atrophy. Utilizing a reporter cell-line it was confirmed that LCM activated TLR4. These results suggest that LLC-released cachexins directly activate muscle catabolism via activating TLR4 on muscle cells independent of immune responses. Critically, LLC tumor-bearing TLR4−/− mice were spared from muscle wasting due to a blockade in muscle catabolic pathways. Further, tumor-induced elevation of circulating TNFα and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was abolished in TLR4−/− mice. These data suggest that TLR4 is a central mediator and therapeutic target of cancer-induced muscle wasting.
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33
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Pillon NJ, Krook A. Innate immune receptors in skeletal muscle metabolism. Exp Cell Res 2017; 360:47-54. [PMID: 28232117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent decades have seen increasing evidence for a role for both innate and adaptive immunity in response to changes in and in the modulation of metabolic status. This new field of immunometabolism builds on evidence for activation of immune-derived signals in metabolically relevant tissues such as adipose tissue, liver, hypothalamus and skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscle is the primary site of dietary glucose disposal and therefore a key player in the development of diabetes, but studies on the role of inflammation in modulating skeletal muscle metabolism and its possible impact on whole body insulin sensitivity are scarce. This review describes the baseline mRNA expression of innate immune receptors (Toll- and NOD-like receptors) in human skeletal muscle and summarizes studies on putative role of these receptors in skeletal muscle in the context of diabetes, obesity and whole body metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Mitochondrial fat oxidation is essential for lipid-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37941. [PMID: 27892502 PMCID: PMC5124994 DOI: 10.1038/srep37941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation, lipotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction have been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-induced insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, how these factors are intertwined in the development of obesity/insulin resistance remains unclear. Here, we examine the role of mitochondrial fat oxidation on lipid-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle. We used skeletal muscle-specific Cpt1b knockout mouse model where the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation results in accumulation of lipid metabolites in muscle and elevated circulating free fatty acids. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine- and members of TLR-signalling pathways were decreased in Cpt1bm−/− muscle. Inflammatory signalling pathways were not activated when evaluated by multiplex and immunoblot analysis. In addition, the inflammatory response to fatty acids was reduced in primary muscle cells derived from Cpt1bm−/− mice. Gene expression of Cd11c, the M1 macrophage marker, was decreased; while Cd206, the M2 macrophage marker, was increased in skeletal muscle of Cpt1bm−/− mice. Finally, expression of pro-inflammatory markers was decreased in white adipose tissue of Cpt1bm−/− mice. We show that the inflammatory response elicited by elevated intracellular lipids in skeletal muscle is repressed in Cpt1bm−/− mice, strongly supporting the hypothesis that mitochondrial processing of fatty acids is essential for the lipid-induction of inflammation in muscle.
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35
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Melton DW, Roberts AC, Wang H, Sarwar Z, Wetzel MD, Wells JT, Porter L, Berton MT, McManus LM, Shireman PK. Absence of CCR2 results in an inflammaging environment in young mice with age-independent impairments in muscle regeneration. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1011-1025. [PMID: 27531927 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ma0316-104r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle regeneration requires coordination between dynamic cellular populations and tissue microenvironments. Macrophages, recruited via CCR2, are essential for regeneration; however, the contribution of macrophages and the role of CCR2 on nonhematopoietic cells has not been defined. In addition, aging and sex interactions in regeneration and sarcopenia are unclear. Muscle regeneration was measured in young (3-6 mo), middle (11-15 mo), old (24-32 mo) male and female CCR2-/- mice. Whereas age-related muscle atrophy/sarcopenia was present, regenerated myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in CCR2-/- mice was comparably impaired across all ages and sexes, with increased adipocyte area compared with wild-type (WT) mice. CCR2-/- mice myofibers achieved approximately one third of baseline CSA even 84 d after injury. Regenerated CSA and clearance of necrotic tissue were dependent on bone marrow-derived cellular expression of CCR2. Myogenic progenitor cells isolated from WT and CCR2-/- mice exhibited comparable proliferation and differentiation capacity. The most striking cellular anomaly in injured muscle of CCR2-/- mice was markedly decreased macrophages, with a predominance of Ly6C- anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages. Ablation of proinflammatory TLR signaling did not affect muscle regeneration or resolution of necrosis. Of interest, many proinflammatory, proangiogenic, and chemotactic cytokines were markedly elevated in injured muscle of CCR2-/- relative to WT mice despite impairments in macrophage recruitment. Collectively, these results suggest that CCR2 on bone marrow-derived cells, likely macrophages, were essential to muscle regeneration independent of TLR signaling, aging, and sex. Decreased proinflammatory monocytes/macrophages actually promoted a proinflammatory microenvironment, which suggests that inflammaging was present in young CCR2-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Melton
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander C Roberts
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Hanzhou Wang
- The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Comprehensive Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Zaheer Sarwar
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael D Wetzel
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jason T Wells
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Laurel Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Michael T Berton
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Linda M McManus
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Paula K Shireman
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA; .,Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,The South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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36
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Liang F, Loré K. Local innate immune responses in the vaccine adjuvant-injected muscle. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e74. [PMID: 27195117 PMCID: PMC4855268 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducing a high magnitude of antibodies, possibly in combination with T-cell responses that offer epitope breadth over prolonged periods of time is likely a prerequisite for effective vaccines against severe diseases such as HIV-1 infection, malaria and tuberculosis. A much better understanding of the innate immune mechanisms that are critical for inducing desired responses to vaccination would help in the design of novel vaccines. The majority of human vaccines are administered into the muscle. In this brief review, we focus on the initial innate immune events that occur locally at the site of intramuscular vaccine delivery, and how they are influenced by clinically approved vaccine adjuvants. In particular, the effects on cell mobilization, cell activation and vaccine antigen uptake are reviewed. Understanding how distinct adjuvants enhance and tailor vaccine responses would facilitate the selection of the best-suited adjuvant to improve vaccine efficacy to a given pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Liang
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Loré
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Mojumdar K, Giordano C, Lemaire C, Liang F, Divangahi M, Qureshi ST, Petrof BJ. Divergent impact of Toll-like receptor 2 deficiency on repair mechanisms in healthy muscle versus Duchenne muscular dystrophy. J Pathol 2016; 239:10-22. [PMID: 26800321 DOI: 10.1002/path.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle, whether acute or chronic, triggers macrophage-mediated innate immunity in a manner which can be either beneficial or harmful for subsequent repair. Endogenous ligands for Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) are released by damaged tissues and might play an important role in activating the innate immune system following muscle injury. To test this hypothesis, we compared macrophage behaviour and muscle repair mechanisms in mice lacking TLR2 under conditions of either acute (cardiotoxin-induced) or chronic (mdx mouse genetic model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy; DMD) muscle damage. In previously healthy muscle subjected to acute damage, TLR2 deficiency reduced macrophage numbers in the muscle post-injury but did not alter the expression pattern of the prototypical macrophage polarization markers iNOS and CD206. In addition, there was abnormal persistence of necrotic fibres and impaired regeneration in TLR2-/- muscles after acute injury. In contrast, TLR2 ablation in chronically diseased muscles of mdx mice not only resulted in significantly reduced macrophage numbers but additionally modified their phenotype by shifting from inflammatory (iNOS(pos) CD206(neg) ) to more anti-inflammatory (iNOS(neg) CD206(pos) ) characteristics. This decrease in macrophage-mediated inflammation was associated with ameliorated muscle histopathology and improved force-generating capacity of the dystrophic muscle. Our results suggest that the role of TLR2 in macrophage function and skeletal muscle repair depends greatly upon the muscle injury context, and raise the possibility that inhibition of TLR2 could serve as a useful therapeutic measure in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Mojumdar
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Program for Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Giordano
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Program for Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Lemaire
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Program for Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Feng Liang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Program for Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Program for Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Salman T Qureshi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Program for Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Program for Translational Research in Respiratory Diseases, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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38
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Rowlands DS, Nelson AR, Raymond F, Metairon S, Mansourian R, Clarke J, Stellingwerff T, Phillips SM. Protein-leucine ingestion activates a regenerative inflammo-myogenic transcriptome in skeletal muscle following intense endurance exercise. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:21-32. [PMID: 26508702 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00068.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-leucine supplement ingestion following strenuous endurance exercise accentuates skeletal-muscle protein synthesis and adaptive molecular responses, but the underlying transcriptome is uncharacterized. In a randomized single-blind triple-crossover design, 12 trained men completed 100 min of high-intensity cycling then ingested 70/15/180/30 g protein-leucine-carbohydrate-fat (15LEU), 23/5/180/30 g (5LEU), or 0/0/274/30 g (CON) beverages during the first 90 min of a 240 min recovery period. Vastus lateralis muscle samples (30 and 240 min postexercise) underwent transcriptome analysis by microarray followed by bioinformatic analysis. Gene expression was regulated by protein-leucine in a dose-dependent manner affecting the inflammatory response and muscle growth and development. At 30 min, 15LEU and 5LEU vs. CON activated transcriptome networks with gene-set functions involving cell-cycle arrest (Z-score 2.0-2.7, P < 0.01), leukocyte maturation (1.7, P = 0.007), cell viability (2.4, P = 0.005), promyogenic networks encompassing myocyte differentiation and myogenin (MYOD1, MYOG), and a proteinaceous extracellular matrix, adhesion, and development program correlated with plasma lysine, arginine, tyrosine, taurine, glutamic acid, and asparagine concentrations. High protein-leucine dose (15LEU-5LEU) activated an IL-1I-centered proinflammatory network and leukocyte migration, differentiation, and survival functions (2.0-2.6, <0.001). By 240 min, the protein-leucine transcriptome was anti-inflammatory and promyogenic (IL-6, NF- β, SMAD, STAT3 network inhibition), with overrepresented functions including decreased leukocyte migration and connective tissue development (-1.8-2.4, P < 0.01), increased apoptosis of myeloid and muscle cells (2.2-3.0, P < 0.002), and cell metabolism (2.0-2.4, P < 0.01). The analysis suggests protein-leucine ingestion modulates inflammatory-myogenic regenerative processes during skeletal muscle recovery from endurance exercise. Further cellular and translational research is warranted to validate amino acid-mediated myeloid and myocellular mechanisms within skeletal-muscle functional plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rowlands
- School of Sport and Exercise and Institute of Food Nutrition, and Human Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Andre R Nelson
- School of Sport and Exercise and Institute of Food Nutrition, and Human Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; and Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frederic Raymond
- Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Metairon
- Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Jim Clarke
- School of Sport and Exercise and Institute of Food Nutrition, and Human Health, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand; and
| | - Trent Stellingwerff
- Nestle Research Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland; and Canadian Sport Institute Pacific, Victoria, Canada; and
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Chase D, Goulder A, Zenhausern F, Monk B, Herbst-Kralovetz M. The vaginal and gastrointestinal microbiomes in gynecologic cancers: a review of applications in etiology, symptoms and treatment. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:190-200. [PMID: 25957158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is the collection of microorganisms in the body that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. Recent studies indicate that perturbations in the microbiome may be implicated in a number of diseases, including cancer. More specifically, changes in the gut and vaginal microbiomes may be associated with a variety of gynecologic cancers, including cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Current research and gaps in knowledge regarding the association between the gut and vaginal microbiomes and the development, progression, and treatment of gynecologic cancers are reviewed here. In addition, the potential use of probiotics to manage symptoms of these gynecologic cancers is discussed. A better understanding of how the microbiome composition is altered at these sites and its interaction with the host may aid in prevention, optimization of current therapies, development of new therapeutic agents and/or dosing regimens, and possibly limit the side effects associated with cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Chase
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Creighton School of Medicine at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Alison Goulder
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Bradley Monk
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Arizona Cancer Center, Creighton School of Medicine at St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Melissa Herbst-Kralovetz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
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40
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Miao X, Luo Q, Qin X. Genome-wide analysis reveals the differential regulations of mRNAs and miRNAs in Dorset and Small Tail Han sheep muscles. Gene 2015; 562:188-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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41
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Giordano C, Mojumdar K, Liang F, Lemaire C, Li T, Richardson J, Divangahi M, Qureshi S, Petrof BJ. Toll-like receptor 4 ablation in mdx mice reveals innate immunity as a therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:2147-62. [PMID: 25552658 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) recognizes specific structural motifs associated with microbial pathogens and also responds to certain endogenous host molecules associated with tissue damage. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), inflammation plays an important role in determining the ultimate fate of dystrophic muscle fibers. In this study, we used TLR4-deficient dystrophic mdx mice to assess the role of TLR4 in the pathogenesis of DMD. TLR4 expression was increased and showed enhanced activation following agonist stimulation in mdx diaphragm muscle. Genetic ablation of TLR4 led to significantly increased muscle force generation in dystrophic diaphragm muscle, which was associated with improved histopathology including decreased fibrosis, as well as reduced pro-inflammatory gene expression and macrophage infiltration. TLR4 ablation in mdx mice also altered the phenotype of muscle macrophages by inducing a shift toward a more anti-inflammatory (iNOS(neg) CD206(pos)) profile. In vitro experiments confirmed that lack of TLR4 is sufficient to influence macrophage activation status in response to classical polarizing stimuli such as IFN-gamma and IL-4. Finally, treatment of dystrophic mice with glycyrrhizin, an inhibitor of the endogenous TLR4 ligand, high mobility group box (HMGB1), also pointed to involvement of the HMGB1-TLR4 axis in promoting dystrophic diaphragm pathology. Taken together, our findings reveal TLR4 and the innate immune system as important players in the pathophysiology of DMD. Accordingly, targeting either TLR4 or its endogenous ligands may provide a new therapeutic strategy to slow disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Giordano
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre
| | - Kamalika Mojumdar
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre
| | - Feng Liang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre
| | - Christian Lemaire
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre
| | - Tong Li
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre
| | | | - Maziar Divangahi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre
| | - Salman Qureshi
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Critical Care, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Basil J Petrof
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Respiratory Division, McGill University Health Centre,
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42
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Sureda A, Batle JM, Capó X, Martorell M, Córdova A, Tur JA, Pons A. Scuba diving induces nitric oxide synthesis and the expression of inflammatory and regulatory genes of the immune response in neutrophils. Physiol Genomics 2014; 46:647-54. [PMID: 25005793 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00028.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scuba diving, characterized by hyperoxia and hyperbaria, could increase reactive oxygen species production which acts as signaling molecules to induce adaptation against oxidative stress. The aim was to study the effects of scuba diving immersion on neutrophil inflammatory response, the induction of oxidative damage, and the NO synthesis. DESIGN Nine male divers performed a dive at 50 m depth for a total time of 35 min. Blood samples were obtained at rest before the dive, after the dive, and 3 h after the diving session. MEASUREMENTS Markers of oxidative and nitrosative damage, nitrite, and the gene expression of genes related with the synthesis of nitric oxide and lipid mediators, cytokine synthesis, and inflammation were determined in neutrophils. RESULTS The mRNA levels of genes related with the inflammatory and immune response of neutrophils, except TNF-α, myeloperoxidase, and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, significantly increased after the recovery period respect to predive and postdive levels. NF-κB, IL-6, and TLR4 gene expression reported significant differences immediately after diving respect to the predive values. Protein nitrotyrosine levels significantly rose after diving and remained high during recovery, whereas no significant differences were reported in malondialdehyde. Neutrophil nitrite levels as indicative of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity progressively increased after diving and recovery. The iNOS protein levels maintained the basal values in all situations. CONCLUSION Scuba diving which combines hyperoxia, hyperbaria, and acute exercise induces nitrosative damage with increased nitrotyrosine levels and an inflammatory response in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Sureda
- Laboratori de Ciències de la Activitat Física, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; and
| | - Juan M Batle
- Laboratori de Ciències de la Activitat Física, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; and
| | - Xavier Capó
- Laboratori de Ciències de la Activitat Física, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; and
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Laboratori de Ciències de la Activitat Física, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; and
| | - Alfredo Córdova
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Physical Therapy, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Laboratori de Ciències de la Activitat Física, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; and
| | - Antoni Pons
- Laboratori de Ciències de la Activitat Física, Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, Departament de Biologia Fonamental i Ciències de la Salut, University of Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Spain; and
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Muscle-Specific Inhibition of the Classical Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Is Protective Against Diaphragmatic Weakness in Murine Endotoxemia. Crit Care Med 2014; 42:e501-9. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Stem cell transplantation for muscular dystrophy: the challenge of immune response. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:964010. [PMID: 25054157 PMCID: PMC4098613 DOI: 10.1155/2014/964010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Treating muscle disorders poses several challenges to the rapidly evolving field of regenerative medicine. Considerable progress has been made in isolating, characterizing, and expanding myogenic stem cells and, although we are now envisaging strategies to generate very large numbers of transplantable cells (e.g., by differentiating induced pluripotent stem cells), limitations directly linked to the interaction between transplanted cells and the host will continue to hamper a successful outcome. Among these limitations, host inflammatory and immune responses challenge the critical phases after cell delivery, including engraftment, migration, and differentiation. Therefore, it is key to study the mechanisms and dynamics that impair the efficacy of cell transplants in order to develop strategies that can ultimately improve the outcome of allogeneic and autologous stem cell therapies, in particular for severe disease such as muscular dystrophies. In this review we provide an overview of the main players and issues involved in this process and discuss potential approaches that might be beneficial for future regenerative therapies of skeletal muscle.
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Otis JS, Niccoli S, Hawdon N, Sarvas JL, Frye MA, Chicco AJ, Lees SJ. Pro-inflammatory mediation of myoblast proliferation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92363. [PMID: 24647690 PMCID: PMC3960233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cell function is largely dictated by the surrounding environment following injury. Immune cell infiltration dominates the extracellular space in the injured area, resulting in increased cytokine concentrations. While increased pro-inflammatory cytokine expression has been previously established in the first 3 days following injury, less is known about the time course of cytokine expression and the specific mechanisms of cytokine induced myoblast function. Therefore, the expression of IL-1β and IL-6 at several time points following injury, and their effects on myoblast proliferation, were examined. In order to do this, skeletal muscle was injured using barium chloride in mice and tissue was collected 1, 5, 10, and 28 days following injury. Mechanisms of cytokine induced proliferation were determined in cell culture using both primary and C2C12 myoblasts. It was found that there is a ∼20-fold increase in IL-1β (p≤0.05) and IL-6 (p = 0.06) expression 5 days following injury. IL-1β increased proliferation of both primary and C2C12 cells ∼25%. IL-1β stimulation also resulted in increased NF-κB activity, likely contributing to the increased proliferation. These data demonstrate for the first time that IL-1β alone can increase the mitogenic activity of primary skeletal muscle satellite cells and offer insight into the mechanisms dictating satellite cell function following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Otis
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sarah Niccoli
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicole Hawdon
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica L. Sarvas
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melinda A. Frye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Chicco
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Simon J. Lees
- Medical Sciences Division, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Fernandez I, Harlow L, Zang Y, Liu-Bryan R, Ridgway WM, Clemens PR, Ascherman DP. Functional redundancy of MyD88-dependent signaling pathways in a murine model of histidyl-transfer RNA synthetase-induced myositis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1865-72. [PMID: 23842751 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that i.m. administration of bacterially expressed murine histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HRS) triggers florid muscle inflammation (relative to appropriate control proteins) in various congenic strains of mice. Because severe disease develops even in the absence of adaptive immune responses to HRS, we sought to identify innate immune signaling components contributing to our model of HRS-induced myositis. In vitro stimulation assays demonstrated HRS-mediated activation of HEK293 cells transfected with either TLR2 or TLR4, revealing an excitatory capacity exceeding that of other bacterially expressed fusion proteins. Corresponding to this apparent functional redundancy of TLR signaling pathways, HRS immunization of B6.TLR2(-/-) and B6.TLR4(-/-) single-knockout mice yielded significant lymphocytic infiltration of muscle tissue comparable to that produced in C57BL/6 wild-type mice. In contrast, concomitant elimination of TLR2 and TLR4 signaling in B6.TLR2(-/-).TLR4(-/-) double-knockout mice markedly reduced the severity of HRS-induced muscle inflammation. Complementary subfragment analysis demonstrated that aa 60-90 of HRS were absolutely required for in vitro as well as in vivo signaling via these MyD88-dependent TLR pathways--effects mediated, in part, through preferential binding of exogenous ligands capable of activating specific TLRs. Collectively, these experiments indicate that multiple MyD88-dependent signaling cascades contribute to this model of HRS-induced myositis, underscoring the antigenic versatility of HRS and confirming the importance of innate immunity in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Fernandez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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47
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Bindels LB, Delzenne NM. Muscle wasting: the gut microbiota as a new therapeutic target? Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2186-90. [PMID: 23831839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle wasting is characterized by a loss of muscle mass and strength, and occurs in several pathological conditions such as cancer, chronic heart failure, chronic infection and malnutrition. Muscle wasting can be caused by inflammation and inappropriate nutritional status. Interestingly, gut microbiota has recently been proposed as an environmental factor involved, among others, in energy sparing from the diet, and in the regulation of host immunity and metabolism. This review presents evidence supporting the existence of a gut microbiota-muscle axis and discusses the potential role and therapeutic interest of gut microbiota in muscle wasting, specifically in the context of cancer and malnutrition. This review also proposes possible molecular mechanisms underlying the gut microbiota-muscle axis. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Molecular basis of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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48
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Uchida M, Oyanagi E, Miyachi M, Yamauchi A, Yano H. Relationship between macrophage differentiation and the chemotactic activity toward damaged myoblast cells. J Immunol Methods 2013; 393:61-9. [PMID: 23603617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2013.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of macrophage differentiation on the chemotactic activity to invade local damaged myoblasts using in vitro models of muscle injury. We found that: 1) the chemotactic activity of macrophages toward areas of damaged myoblasts might be induced more by live myoblasts than dead ones, 2) the chemotactic activity of macrophages is not due to velocity, but depends on the directionality toward damaged myoblast cells, and 3) macrophage differentiation strongly influence the chemotactic activity toward damaged myoblast cells through the expression of CCR2 and/or F-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Uchida
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki, Japan
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49
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Pillon NJ, Bilan PJ, Fink LN, Klip A. Cross-talk between skeletal muscle and immune cells: muscle-derived mediators and metabolic implications. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E453-65. [PMID: 23277185 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00553.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles contain resident immune cell populations and their abundance and type is altered in inflammatory myopathies, endotoxemia or different types of muscle injury/insult. Within tissues, monocytes differentiate into macrophages and polarize to acquire pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Skeletal muscle macrophages play a fundamental role in repair and pathogen clearance. These events require a precisely regulated cross-talk between myofibers and immune cells, involving paracrine/autocrine and contact interactions. Skeletal muscle also undergoes continuous repair as a result of contractile activity that involves participation of myokines and anti-inflammatory input. Finally, skeletal muscle is the major site of dietary glucose disposal; therefore, muscle insulin resistance is essential to the development of whole body insulin resistance. Notably, muscle inflammation is emerging as a potential contributor to insulin resistance. Recent reports show that inflammatory macrophage numbers within muscle are elevated during obesity and that muscle cells in vitro can mount autonomous inflammatory responses under metabolic challenge. Here, we review the nature of skeletal muscle inflammation associated with muscle exercise, damage, and regeneration, endotoxin presence, and myopathies, as well as the new evidence of local inflammation arising with obesity that potentially contributes to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Pillon
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
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50
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Kholodenko IV, Konieva AA, Kholodenko RV, Yarygin KN. Molecular mechanisms of migration and homing of intravenously transplanted mesenchymal stem cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-1218-2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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