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Pustam A, Jayaraman J, Ramsubhag A. Whole genome sequencing reveals complex resistome features of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients at major hospitals in Trinidad, West Indies. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 37:141-149. [PMID: 38608934 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human pathogen of major global concern due to its ability to cause multiple severe diseases that are often difficult to treat therapeutically. This study aimed to investigate the resistome of local clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. METHODS Herein, we used a whole genome sequencing approach and bioinformatics tools to reconstruct the resistome of 10 clinical K. pneumoniae isolates and one clinical isolate of the closely related Klebsiella quasipneumoniae obtained from patients from three major hospitals in Trinidad, West Indies. RESULTS The results of the study revealed the presence of a complex antibiotic-resistant armoury among the local isolates with multiple resistance mechanisms involving (i) inactivation of antibiotics, (ii) efflux pumps, (iii) antibiotic target alteration, protection, and replacement against antibiotics, and (iv) altered porin protein that reduced the permeability to antibiotics. Several resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaSHV-28, blaKPC-2, oqxA, sul1, tetD, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aph(6)-Id, and fosA6, which are known to confer resistance to antibiotics used to treat K. pneumoniae infections. In most cases, the resistance genes were flanked by mobile elements, including insertion sequences and transposons, which facilitate the spread of these genetic features among related organisms. CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study to thoroughly investigate the resistome of clinical K. pneumoniae isolates and K. quasipneumoniae from Trinidad, West Indies. These findings suggest that monitoring K. pneumoniae and its genome-wide antibiotic resistance features in clinical strains would be of critical importance for guiding antibiotic stewardship programs and improving regional disease management systems for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Pustam
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Jayaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Adesh Ramsubhag
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Misumi W, Magome A, Okuhama E, Uchimura E, Tamamura-Andoh Y, Watanabe Y, Kusumoto M. CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli sequence type 23 repeatedly caused avian colibacillosis in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 35:325-331. [PMID: 37918785 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The production of expanded-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has become a global concern. The aim of this study was to investigate the spread of ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) in Kagoshima, a prefecture with the largest amount of poultry in Japan. METHODS The antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of 228 APEC strains isolated from 57 farms in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, between 2005 and 2017 were analysed. Information about the companies with hatcheries connected to the farms was also collected, and the epidemiologic relatedness of APEC strains and the processes of adopting chicks were compared. RESULTS Seven CTX-M-type ESBL genes, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-25, blaCTX-M-55, and blaCTX-M-65, were found in 60 (26.3%) of the 228 APEC strains. The ciprofloxacin-resistant strains belonged to 10 different sequence types (ST10, ST23, ST93, ST155, ST156, ST350, ST359, ST602, ST648, and ST9479), and the two ST602 strains showed remarkably high ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC: 128 µg/mL) and had amino acid mutations in GyrA (S83L and D87N), ParC (S80I), and ParE (E460A). A CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing fluoroquinolone-resistant Og78-ST23 strain was isolated multiple times over two years on a farm. Furthermore, epidemiologically closely related strains were isolated from different farms that used the same common hatcheries. CONCLUSIONS APEC is often transferred from hatcheries to farms via healthy chicks, and the prudent use of antimicrobials and careful monitoring of resistant strains on poultry farms and hatcheries are important in preventing the selection and spread of high-risk APEC strains such as CTX-M-55-type ESBL-producing Og78-ST23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Misumi
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan; Soo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Shibushi, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Asami Magome
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Erina Okuhama
- Miyazaki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Sadowara, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Eriko Uchimura
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan; Kimotsuki Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yukino Tamamura-Andoh
- Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Watanabe
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Hioki, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusumoto
- Division of Zoonosis Research, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan.
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Shakil S, Rizvi SMD, Greig NH. In depth molecular interaction analyses of the complex of a proposed CTXM-inhibitor bound to the bacterial enzyme. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:8362-8372. [PMID: 36224195 PMCID: PMC10481260 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2133009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A 'Thumb Rule for Antibiotic Design' against bacteria can be given as, 'The minimum pace of drug design ought to match the swiftness with which bacteria display cutting-edge resistance mechanisms; thereby outwitting the antibiotics and, in turn, the researchers'. Occurrence of drug resistance attributable to CXTM-variants in bacterial pathogens is widespread. In line with our above proposed thumb rule, the present article employed concatenation of virtual screening, docking and simulation to identify a potent in silico validated anti-CTXM-14 ligand. Specifically, this research used the 'MCULE' drug discovery platform to screen a total of 5 million candidate inhibitors to evaluate their binding efficacy with an antibiotic resistance enzyme, CTXM-14 found in bacterial pathogens. A new median approach between 'structure' and 'ligand'-based protocols was employed. Pharmacokinetic profiling was achieved by 'SWISS ADME'. Safety profile for humans was appraised by 'Toxicity Checker'. The complex consisting of the 'Top ligand' (obtained from the screen) harbored within the active pocket of the bacterial CTXM-14 was subjected to 60 ns molecular dynamics simulation with the aid of licensed YASARA STRUCTURE v.21.8.27. Complex tasks were performed by YANACONDA. Fine resolution figures (notably, plots generated from trajectory analyses) were constructed. Simulation snaps were acquired at every 250 picoseconds of the run. The ligand having the IUPAC name as 1-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4-dicarbonitrile demonstrated the overall best binding with CTXM-14. Fifteen amino acid residues were found to line the interacting pocket. Remarkably, all of these interacting residues were found to be present among the interacting residues displayed by the reference complex as well, i.e. CTXM-14:Vaborbactam complex (PDB ID 6V7H). A total of 240 simulation snaps were retrieved. The RMSD plot revealed that a plateau was achieved at 32 ns, after which the backbone RMSD fluctuations remained confined within 1.4-2 Å. Video recording of molecular actions was also achieved. In conclusion, this study provides a fresh lead molecule, 1-Amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyrido[1,2-a]benzimidazole-2,4-dicarbonitrile against bacterial CTXM-14 protein. The study utilized a new median approach between 'structure' and 'ligand'-based drug design. The lead molecule passed ADMET conditions and an array of medicinal chemistry filters, and is further supported by a stable molecular dynamics. An acceptable skin permeation supports its probable use in antibiotic creams. Moreover, the study provides a clear 'Thumb Rule for Antibiotic Design' against bacteria, which although often assumed, can be clearly stated for the first time. Synthesis of the screening-proposed molecule followed by in-vitro and in-vivo validation is highly recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazi Shakil
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed M Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigel H Greig
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ikushima S, Torii H, Sugiyama M, Asai T. Characterization of quinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli derived from sika deer populations of the Nara Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:937-941. [PMID: 37438115 PMCID: PMC10539820 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife in urban areas have the potential to disseminate antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) across a wider environment. Using antimicrobial-supplemented agar plates, we isolated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (EEC) and quinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) from 144, 23, and 30 deer feces from Nara Park (NP), rural area neighboring NP (RA), and Mt. Odaigahara (MO), respectively. In NP and RA, the prevalence of EEC was 24.3 and 4.3%, respectively; that of QREC was 11.1 and 17.4%, respectively. Neither EEC nor QREC were detected in MO. The pulsotypes of EEC and QREC isolates differed between NP and RA. Our study suggests that deer of the Nara Prefecture are potential carriers of ARB, but long-distance dissemination is unlikely due to limited deer movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Ikushima
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Present address: Fukushima Regional Collaborative Center, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Harumi Torii
- Center for Natural Environment Education, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Ekhlas D, Sanjuán JMO, Manzanilla EG, Leonard FC, Argüello H, Burgess CM. Comparison of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli isolated from Irish commercial pig farms with and without zinc oxide and antimicrobial usage. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:8. [PMID: 36829209 PMCID: PMC9951511 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00534-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prophylactic use of antimicrobials and zinc oxide (ZnO) in pig production was prohibited by the European Union in 2022 due to potential associations between antimicrobial and heavy metal usage with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and concerns regarding environmental pollution. However, the effects of their usage on the bacterial AMR profiles on commercial pig farms are still not fully understood and previous studies examining the effect of ZnO have reported contrasting findings. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of antimicrobial and ZnO usage on AMR on commercial pig farms. Faecal and environmental samples were taken on 10 Irish commercial farms, of which 5 farms regularly used ZnO and antimicrobials (amoxicillin or sulphadiazine-trimethoprim) for the prevention of disease. The other 5 farms did not use ZnO or any other form of prophylaxis. Escherichia coli numbers were quantified from all samples using non-supplemented and supplemented Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide agar. RESULTS In total 351 isolates were phenotypically analysed, and the genomes of 44 AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from 4 farms were characterised using whole-genome sequencing. Phenotypic analysis suggested higher numbers of multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates on farms using prophylaxis. Furthermore, farms using prophylaxis were associated with higher numbers of isolates resistant to apramycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol, while resistance to ciprofloxacin was more associated with farms not using any prophylaxis. Thirty-four of the 44 AmpC/ESBL-producing E. coli strains harboured the blaCTX-M-1 resistance gene and were multi drug resistant (MDR). Moreover, network analysis of plasmids and analysis of integrons showed that antimicrobial and biocide resistance genes were frequently co-located on mobile genetic elements, indicating the possibility for co-selection during antimicrobial or biocide usage as a contributor to AMR occurrence and persistence on farms. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study showed evidence that antimicrobial and ZnO treatment of pigs post-weaning can favour the selection and development of AMR and MDR E. coli. Co-location of resistance genes on mobile genetic elements was observed. This study demonstrated the usefulness of phenotypic and genotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance by combining sequencing and microbiological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ekhlas
- grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Pig Development Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Juan M. Ortiz Sanjuán
- grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Pig Development Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland ,grid.411901.c0000 0001 2183 9102Grupo de Genómica Y Mejora Animal, Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Edgar G. Manzanilla
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ,grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Pig Development Department, Teagasc Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork Ireland
| | - Finola C. Leonard
- grid.7886.10000 0001 0768 2743School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Héctor Argüello
- grid.4807.b0000 0001 2187 3167Animal Health Department, Veterinary Faculty, Universidad de León, León, Spain
| | - Catherine M. Burgess
- grid.6435.40000 0001 1512 9569Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin, Ireland
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Genomic Features Associated with the Degree of Phenotypic Resistance to Carbapenems in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. mSystems 2021; 6:e0019421. [PMID: 34519526 PMCID: PMC8547452 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00194-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains cause severe infections that are difficult to treat. The production of carbapenemases such as the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) is a common mechanism by which these strains resist killing by the carbapenems. However, the degree of phenotypic carbapenem resistance (MIC) may differ markedly between isolates with similar carbapenemase genes, suggesting that our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of carbapenem resistance remains incomplete. To address this problem, we determined the whole-genome sequences of 166 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates resistant to meropenem, imipenem, or ertapenem. Multiple linear regression analysis of this collection of largely blaKPC-3-containing sequence type 258 (ST258) isolates indicated that blaKPC copy number and some outer membrane porin gene mutations were associated with higher MICs to carbapenems. A trend toward higher MICs was also observed with those blaKPC genes carried by the d isoform of Tn4401. In contrast, ompK37 mutations were associated with lower carbapenem MICs, and extended spectrum β-lactamase genes were not associated with higher or lower MICs in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. A machine learning approach based on the whole-genome sequences of these isolates did not result in a substantial improvement in prediction of isolates with high or low MICs. These results build upon previous findings suggesting that multiple factors influence the overall carbapenem resistance levels in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates. IMPORTANCEKlebsiella pneumoniae can cause severe infections in the blood, urinary tract, and lungs. Resistance to carbapenems in K. pneumoniae is an urgent public health threat, since it can make these isolates difficult to treat. While individual contributors to carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae have been studied, few reports explore their combined effects in clinical isolates. We sequenced 166 clinical carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates to evaluate the contribution of known genes to carbapenem MICs and to try to identify novel genes associated with higher carbapenem MICs. The blaKPC copy number and some outer membrane porin gene mutations were associated with higher carbapenem MICs. In contrast, mutations in one specific porin, ompK37, were associated with lower carbapenem MICs. Machine learning did not result in a substantial improvement in the prediction of carbapenem resistance nor did it identify novel genes associated with carbapenem resistance. These findings enhance our understanding of the many contributors to carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae.
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Tickler IA, Shettima SA, Dela Cruz CM, Le VM, Dewell S, Sumner J, Tenover FC. Characterization of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacterial isolates from Nigeria by whole genome sequencing. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115422. [PMID: 34111650 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized the mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients in Yola, Nigeria. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 66 isolates previously identified phenotypically as carbapenem-non-susceptible. The patterns of beta-lactamase resistance genes identified were primarily species-specific. However, blaNDM-7 and blaCMY-4 were detected in all Escherichia coli and most Providencia rettgeri isolates; blaNDM-7 was also detected in 1 Enterobacter cloacae. The E. coli and E. cloacae isolates also shared blaOXA-1, while blaOXA-10 was found in all P. rettgeri, one Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1 E. coli. Except for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, which only contained blaL1, most species carried multiple beta-lactamase genes, including those encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, AmpC and OXA in addition to a carbapenemase gene. Carbapenemase genes were either class B or class D beta-lactamases. No carbapenemase gene was detected by WGS in 13.6% of isolates.
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Athanasakopoulou Z, Reinicke M, Diezel C, Sofia M, Chatzopoulos DC, Braun SD, Reissig A, Spyrou V, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Tsilipounidaki K, Giannakopoulos A, Petinaki E, Billinis C. Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Animals in Greece. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:389. [PMID: 33916633 PMCID: PMC8067336 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug resistant, extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide. The present study aimed to provide an overview of the multidrug resistance phenotype and genotype of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates of livestock and wild bird origin in Greece. Nineteen phenotypically confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from fecal samples of cattle (n = 7), pigs (n = 11) and a Eurasian magpie that presented resistance to at least one class of non β-lactam antibiotics, were selected and genotypically characterized. A DNA-microarray based assay was used, which allows the detection of various genes associated with antimicrobial resistance. All isolates harbored blaCTX-M-1/15, while blaTEM was co-detected in 13 of them. The AmpC gene blaMIR was additionally detected in one strain. Resistance genes were also reported for aminoglycosides in all 19 isolates, for quinolones in 6, for sulfonamides in 17, for trimethoprim in 14, and for macrolides in 8. The intI1 and/or tnpISEcp1 genes, associated with mobile genetic elements, were identified in all but two isolates. This report describes the first detection of multidrug resistance genes among ESBL-producing E. coli strains retrieved from feces of cattle, pigs, and a wild bird in Greece, underlining their dissemination in diverse ecosystems and emphasizing the need for a One-Health approach when addressing the issue of antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Martin Reinicke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Celia Diezel
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Marina Sofia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Sascha D. Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Annett Reissig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institut fuer Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Medizinische Fakultaet “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.R.); (C.D.); (S.D.B.); (A.R.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Alexios Giannakopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece; (K.T.); (E.P.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (Z.A.); (M.S.); (D.C.C.); (A.G.)
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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Yasugi M, Hatoya S, Motooka D, Matsumoto Y, Shimamura S, Tani H, Furuya M, Mie K, Miyake M, Nakamura S, Shimada T. Whole-genome analyses of extended-spectrum or AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from companion dogs in Japan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246482. [PMID: 33544781 PMCID: PMC7864471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global spread of extended-spectrum or AmpC β-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in companion animals have led to the hypothesis that companion animals might be reservoirs for cross-species transmission because of their close contact with humans. However, current knowledge in this field is limited; therefore, the role of companion animals in cross-species transmission remains to be elucidated. Herein, we studied ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli in particular, isolated from extraintestinal sites and feces of companion dogs. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that (i) extraintestinal E. coli isolates were most closely related to those isolated from feces from the same dog, (ii) chromosomal sequences in the ST131/C1-M27 clade isolated from companion dogs were highly similar to those in the ST131/C1-M27 clade of human origin, (iii) certain plasmids, such as IncFII/pMLST F1:A2:B20/blaCTX-M-27, IncI1/pMLST16/blaCTX-M-15, or IncI1/blaCMY-2 from dog-derived E. coli isolates, shared high homology with those from several human-derived Enterobacteriaceae, (iv) chromosomal blaCTX-M-14 was identified in the ST38 isolate from a companion dog, and (v) eight out of 14 tested ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli isolates (i.e., ST131, ST68, ST405, and ST998) belonged to the human extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) group. All of the bla-coding plasmids that were sequenced genome-wide were capable of horizontal transfer. These results suggest that companion dogs can spread ESBL/AmpC-producing ExPEC via their feces. Furthermore, at least some ESBL/AmpC-producing ExPECs and bla-coding plasmids can be transmitted between humans and companion dogs. Thus, companion dogs can act as an important reservoir for ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Yasugi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institiute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Shimamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Furuya
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masami Miyake
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Terumasa Shimada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Asian Health Science Research Institiute, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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10
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Shropshire WC, Aitken SL, Pifer R, Kim J, Bhatti MM, Li X, Kalia A, Galloway-Peña J, Sahasrabhojane P, Arias CA, Greenberg DE, Hanson BM, Shelburne SA. IS26-mediated amplification of blaOXA-1 and blaCTX-M-15 with concurrent outer membrane porin disruption associated with de novo carbapenem resistance in a recurrent bacteraemia cohort. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:385-395. [PMID: 33164081 PMCID: PMC7816169 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately half of clinical carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) isolates lack carbapenem-hydrolysing enzymes and develop carbapenem resistance through alternative mechanisms. OBJECTIVES To elucidate development of carbapenem resistance mechanisms from clonal, recurrent ESBL-positive Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) bacteraemia isolates in a vulnerable patient population. METHODS This study investigated a cohort of ESBL-E bacteraemia cases in Houston, TX, USA. Oxford Nanopore Technologies long-read and Illumina short-read sequencing data were used for comparative genomic analysis. Serial passaging experiments were performed on a set of clinical ST131 Escherichia coli isolates to recapitulate in vivo observations. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and qRT-PCR were used to determine copy number and transcript levels of β-lactamase genes, respectively. RESULTS Non-carbapenemase-producing CRE (non-CP-CRE) clinical isolates emerged from an ESBL-E background through a concurrence of primarily IS26-mediated amplifications of blaOXA-1 and blaCTX-M-1 group genes coupled with porin inactivation. The discrete, modular translocatable units (TUs) that carried and amplified β-lactamase genes mobilized intracellularly from a chromosomal, IS26-bound transposon and inserted within porin genes, thereby increasing β-lactamase gene copy number and inactivating porins concurrently. The carbapenem resistance phenotype and TU-mediated β-lactamase gene amplification were recapitulated by passaging a clinical ESBL-E isolate in the presence of ertapenem. Clinical non-CP-CRE isolates had stable carbapenem resistance phenotypes in the absence of ertapenem exposure. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate IS26-mediated mechanisms underlying β-lactamase gene amplification with concurrent outer membrane porin disruption driving emergence of clinical non-CP-CRE. Furthermore, these amplifications were stable in the absence of antimicrobial pressure. Long-read sequencing can be utilized to identify unique mobile genetic element mechanisms that drive antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Shropshire
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel L Aitken
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Division of Pharmacy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Reed Pifer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Bioinformatics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Micah M Bhatti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiqi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Awdhesh Kalia
- Graduate Program in Diagnostic Genetics, School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jessica Galloway-Peña
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Cesar A Arias
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Molecular Genetics and Antimicrobial Resistance Unit, International Center for Microbial Genomics, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Ak. 9#131a2, Colombia
| | - David E Greenberg
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Department of Microbiology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Blake M Hanson
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samuel A Shelburne
- Center for Antimicrobial Resistance and Microbial Genomics, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Genomic Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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Misumi W, Funamori T, Hamada K, Iwamoto J, Fujisono S, Chitose K, Kusumoto M. Association between antimicrobial treatment and resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diseased swine in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:358-369. [PMID: 33431756 PMCID: PMC8025414 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Escherichia coli is an important cause of diarrhea, edema disease, and septicemia in swine. In Japan, the volume of antimicrobial drugs used for animals is highest in swine, but information about the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is confined to apparently healthy animals. In the present study, we determined the O serogroups, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance of 360 E. coli isolates from swine that died of disease in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, between 1999 and 2017. The isolates of the predominant serogroups O139, OSB9, O149, O8, and O116 possessed virulence factor genes typically found in diarrheagenic E. coli. We further found five strains of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli that each produced an extended-spectrum β-lactamase encoded by blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-24, blaCTX-M-61, or blaSHV-12. In 218 swine with a clear history of antimicrobial drug use, we further analyzed associations between the use of antimicrobials for the treatment of diseased swine and the isolation of resistant E. coli. We found significant associations between antimicrobial use and selection of resistance to the same class of antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to cefotaxime, cefazolin, or ampicillin, the use of aminoglycosides and resistance to streptomycin, and the use of phenicols and resistance to chloramphenicol. A significant association between antimicrobial use and the resistance of E. coli isolates to structurally unrelated antimicrobials, such as the use of ceftiofur and resistance to chloramphenicol, was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Misumi
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
| | - Taruho Funamori
- Hiroshima Western Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1-15 Saijogojo, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0013, Japan
| | - Kyohei Hamada
- Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5 Hakozakifuto, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
| | - Jiro Iwamoto
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Fujisono
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
| | - Kenichi Chitose
- Kagoshima Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1678 Yuda, Higashiichiki, Hioki, Kagoshima 899-2201, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kusumoto
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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12
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Indrajith S, Mukhopadhyay AK, Chowdhury G, Farraj DAA, Alkufeidy RM, Natesan S, Meghanathan V, Gopal S, Muthupandian S. Molecular insights of Carbapenem resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with focus on multidrug resistance from clinical samples. J Infect Public Health 2020; 14:131-138. [PMID: 33234410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenem are the last-line antibiotic, defence against Gram-negative extended spectrum ß-lactamases producers (ESBLs). Carbapenem resistance Enterobacteriaceae especially Carbapenem resistant-Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-KP) is recognized as one of the well-known public health problem, which is increasingly being reported around the world. The present study was focused to analyse the prevalence and characterization of antibiotic resistance K. pneumoniae in centre region of Tamil Nadu, India. METHODOLOGY Totally 145 suspected K. pneumoniae isolates [Urine, Pus, Sputum, Blood and Biopsy] obtained from hospitals of Central South India. The isolates were subjected to biochemical and molecular identification technique, following with antibiotic resistance pattern by standard antibiotic sensitivity test. Multidrug resistance (MDR) with β-lactamase producing Carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae (CR-KP) strains were screened by classical sensitivity method and also drug resistance encoded gene. Also, molecular typing of the MDR strains were characterized by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE). Further, the outer membrane protein (OmpK35 and 36) related Carbapenem resistance were characterized. RESULTS Totally, 61% of isolates were confirmed as K. pneumoniae, 75 % of isolates were MDR including 58% carbapenem and 97% ESBL antibiotics and grouped into 17 distinct resistant patterns. The MDR KP isolates shows positive for blaCTXM-1 (92 %) gene followed by blaSHV (43 %), blaTEM (36 %), blaNDM-1 (26 %), blaGES (20 %) and blaIMP-1 (8 %). Moreover, 62 % CR-KP isolates loses OmpK36 and 33% isolates loses OmpK35. CONCLUSIONS Loss of OmpK36 were highly an influence the cefoxitin and carbapenem resistance. Sixteen different PFGE patterns have been observed among the 18 MDR isolates. Eventually, ESBL as well as CR-KP were diverse in genetic makeup and often associated with hyper virulence hvKP should be of serious concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sureka Indrajith
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata 700010, India
| | - Dunia A Al Farraj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roua M Alkufeidy
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar Natesan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Velmurugan Meghanathan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology Lab, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, United States
| | - Selvakumar Gopal
- Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Saravanan Muthupandian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, College of Health Science, Mekelle University, PO. Box: 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia
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13
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Makharita RR, El-Kholy I, Hetta HF, Abdelaziz MH, Hagagy FI, Ahmed AA, Algammal AM. Antibiogram and Genetic Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens Incriminated in Healthcare-Associated Infections. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:3991-4002. [PMID: 33177849 PMCID: PMC7649219 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s276975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Carbapenems are considered the most efficient antibiotic used in the treatment of nosocomial infections. Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods are becoming a serious hazard in hospitals threatening public health. The aim of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens incriminated in healthcare-associated infections, along with antimicrobial resistance profiles, carbapenemase and metallo-β-lactamase production, and their molecular characterization. Methods A total of 186 clinical specimens were collected from 133 patients at various hospitals in Cairo, Egypt. The obtained specimens were subjected to bacteriological examination, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, detection of carbapenemase production using the modified Hodge test (MHT), the metallo-β-lactamase production using the EDTA combined disc test (CDT), and PCR-based detection of the bla KPC and bla GES resistance genes. The identification of the highly resistant retrieved isolates was then confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results The most common isolated Gram-negative species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (40.9%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.3%), Escherichia coli (15.4%), Enterobacter aerogenes (5.3%), and Proteus mirabilis (2.4%). The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant isolates was 36.1% (n=75). However, 86.5% of the recovered clinical isolates were susceptible to colistin. The MHT revealed that 33.6% (n=70) of the tested strains were positive for carbapenemase production, while the CDT showed that 33.17% (n=69) of the examined strains were metallo-β-lactamase producers. The PCR revealed that 98.6% (74/75) of the tested strains possessed the bla KPC gene; moreover, 97.3% (73/75) of the examined strains harbored the bla GES gene. Conclusion This study displayed the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens incriminated in healthcare-associated infections. The accurate identification of carbapenem-resistant bacterial pathogens is pivotal for the treatment of patients, in addition to propelling appropriate contamination control measures to restrain the fast spread of such pathogens. Colistin showed a potent in vitro antimicrobial activity against the carbapenem-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabab R Makharita
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, University of Jeddah, Khulais, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Iman El-Kholy
- Ain Shams Specialized Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11556, Egypt
| | - Helal F Hetta
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit 71515, Egypt.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA
| | - Moahmed H Abdelaziz
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Fatma I Hagagy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Amera A Ahmed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.,Ministry of National Guard, Health Affairs, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelazeem M Algammal
- Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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14
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Wu LT, Guo MK, Ke SC, Lin YP, Pang YC, Nguyen HTV, Chen CM. Characterization of the Genetic Background of KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with Insertion Elements Disrupting the ompK36 Porin Gene. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:1050-1057. [PMID: 32283046 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lii-Tzu Wu
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kai Guo
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Se-Chin Ke
- Infection Control Office, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Technology, Jen-The Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Pei Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Pang
- The Institute of Medical Science and Department of Microbiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Thuy Vy Nguyen
- The Institute of Biomedical Sciences College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Laws M, Shaaban A, Rahman KM. Antibiotic resistance breakers: current approaches and future directions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2020; 43:490-516. [PMID: 31150547 PMCID: PMC6736374 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections of antibiotic-resistant pathogens pose an ever-increasing threat to mankind. The investigation of novel approaches for tackling the antimicrobial resistance crisis must be part of any global response to this problem if an untimely reversion to the pre-penicillin era of medicine is to be avoided. One such promising avenue of research involves so-called antibiotic resistance breakers (ARBs), capable of re-sensitising resistant bacteria to antibiotics. Although some ARBs have previously been employed in the clinical setting, such as the β-lactam inhibitors, we posit that the broader field of ARB research can yet yield a greater diversity of more effective therapeutic agents than have been previously achieved. This review introduces the area of ARB research, summarises the current state of ARB development with emphasis on the various major classes of ARBs currently being investigated and their modes of action, and offers a perspective on the future direction of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Laws
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
| | - Ali Shaaban
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
| | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH
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16
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Kakuta N, Nakano R, Nakano A, Suzuki Y, Masui T, Horiuchi S, Kakuta R, Tsubaki K, Ogawa M, Yano H. Molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in Japan: Predominance of CTX-M-15 and emergence of hypervirulent clones. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 98:281-286. [PMID: 32619765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide data on the molecular characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Japan. METHODS A total of 100 clinical isolates of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae collected throughout Japan between June and July 2018 were studied. ESBL genes were analyzed using PCR and DNA sequencing. Transferability of ESBL genes was investigated by conjugation experiments. Plasmid replicon types, virulence genes (rmpA, rmpA2, iucA, iroB, and peg-344) associated with hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), and capsule types were detected using PCR. Genotyping was performed using multilocus sequence typing. RESULTS All ESBL-producing isolates carried blaCTX-M genes. The most predominant CTX-M-type identified was CTX-M-15 (n=55). We identified 24 sequence types (STs) among the CTX-M-15 producers, with ST25 (n=8) being the most common. Most of the transconjugants carrying blaCTX-M-15 contained the FIIk replicon. Of the 100 ESBL-producing isolates, 31 were hvKp defined by the presence of the virulence genes. These ESBL-producing hvKp isolates belonged to eight STs (STs 23, 25, 36, 65, 86, 268, 412, and 4492), with five capsule types (K1, K2, K20, K57, and undefined). CONCLUSIONS CTX-M-15 was the predominant ESBL among K. pneumoniae isolates from Japan. This study shows that ESBL-producing hvKp strains comprising various clones are emerging in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kakuta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Ryuichi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Akiyo Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Takashi Masui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Saori Horiuchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Risako Kakuta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Tsubaki
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Miho Ogawa
- Department of Bacteriology, BML, Inc., Saitama, Japan.
| | - Hisakazu Yano
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
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17
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Thomas CS, Braun DR, Olmos JL, Rajski SR, Phillips GN, Andes D, Bugni TS. Pyridine-2,6-Dithiocarboxylic Acid and Its Metal Complexes: New Inhibitors of New Delhi Metallo -Lactamase-1. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060295. [PMID: 32498259 PMCID: PMC7374359 DOI: 10.3390/md18060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae continue to threaten human health worldwide with few effective treatment options. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) enzymes are a contributing element that drive resistance to many β-lactam- and carbapenem-based antimicrobials. Many NDM inhibitors are known, yet none are clinically viable. In this study, we present and characterize a new class of NDM-1 inhibitors based on a pyridine-2,6-dithiocarboxylic acid metal complex scaffold. These complexes display varied and unique activity profiles against NDM-1 in kinetic assays and serve to increase the effectiveness of meropenem, an established antibacterial, in assays using clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris S. Thomas
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.S.T.); (D.R.B.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Doug R. Braun
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.S.T.); (D.R.B.); (S.R.R.)
| | - Jose Luis Olmos
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (J.L.O.J.); (G.N.P.J.)
| | - Scott R. Rajski
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.S.T.); (D.R.B.); (S.R.R.)
| | - George N. Phillips
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; (J.L.O.J.); (G.N.P.J.)
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - David Andes
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Tim S. Bugni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (C.S.T.); (D.R.B.); (S.R.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-608-263-2519
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18
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Asai T, Usui M, Sugiyama M, Izumi K, Ikeda T, Andoh M. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates obtained from wild mammals between 2013 and 2017 in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:345-349. [PMID: 31983705 PMCID: PMC7118474 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in wild animals are a great concern for public health. A total of 963 Escherichia coli isolates from 475 wild mammals (242 sika deers, 112 wild boars, 113 small mammals, 4 Japanese badger, 2 Tokara cows, and 2 Amani rabbits), collected between 2013 and 2017, were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Resistance to at least one antimicrobial was observed in 92 of 963 isolates (9.3%). No isolates exhibited resistance to carbapenem (meropenem). Resistance to third-generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime) and fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) was observed in less than 1% of the isolates. Thus, low prevalence of bacterial antimicrobial resistance was observed in wild mammals between 2013 and 2017 in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Asai
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Masaru Usui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Izumi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ikeda
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masako Andoh
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
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Environmental Presence and Genetic Characteristics of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae from Hospital Sewage and River Water in the Philippines. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01906-19. [PMID: 31704681 PMCID: PMC6952235 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01906-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cause severe health care-associated infections, and their increasing prevalence is a serious concern. Recently, natural ecosystems have been recognized as important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. We investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of CPE isolated from the environment (hospital sewage and river water) in the Philippines and found several CPE, including Escherichia coli and other species, with different carbapenemases. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene type was NDM, which is endemic in clinical settings. This study revealed that isolates belonging to carbapenemase-producing E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae sequence type 147 (ST147), which are often detected in clinical settings, were dominant in the natural environment. Our work here provides a report on the presence and characteristics of CPE in the environment in the Philippines and demonstrates that both hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in hospital sewage and river water in the Philippines, which has a typical tropical maritime climate. We collected 83 water samples from 7 hospital sewage and 10 river water sites. CPE were identified using CHROMagar mSuperCARBA, and Gram-negative strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) or 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae strains were identified using PCR and DNA sequencing, and transferability of carbapenemase genes from the CPE was investigated with conjugation experiments. Genotyping was performed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Out of 124 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, we identified 51 strains as CPE and divided these into 7 species, 11 E. coli, 14 Klebsiella spp., 15 Enterobacter spp., and 11 others, including 4 additional species. Conjugation experiments via broth mating and using E. coli J53 revealed that 24 isolates can transfer carbapenemase-encoding plasmids. MLST analysis showed that 6 of 11 E. coli isolates belonged to clonal complex 10 (CC10). Of 11 K. pneumoniae strains, 9 unique sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST147. Five types of carbapenemase genes were identified, with the most prevalent being NDM (n = 39), which is epidemic in clinical settings in the Philippines. E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae ST147, which are often detected in clinical settings, were the dominant strains. In summary, our results indicate that hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups. IMPORTANCE Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) cause severe health care-associated infections, and their increasing prevalence is a serious concern. Recently, natural ecosystems have been recognized as important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. We investigated the prevalence and genetic characteristics of CPE isolated from the environment (hospital sewage and river water) in the Philippines and found several CPE, including Escherichia coli and other species, with different carbapenemases. The most prevalent carbapenemase gene type was NDM, which is endemic in clinical settings. This study revealed that isolates belonging to carbapenemase-producing E. coli CC10 and K. pneumoniae sequence type 147 (ST147), which are often detected in clinical settings, were dominant in the natural environment. Our work here provides a report on the presence and characteristics of CPE in the environment in the Philippines and demonstrates that both hospital sewage and river water are contaminated by CPE strains belonging to clinically important clonal groups.
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Bengoechea JA, Sa Pessoa J. Klebsiella pneumoniae infection biology: living to counteract host defences. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2019; 43:123-144. [PMID: 30452654 PMCID: PMC6435446 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuy043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella species cause a wide range of diseases including pneumonia, urinary tract infections (UTIs), bloodstream infections and sepsis. These infections are particularly a problem among neonates, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Klebsiella is also responsible for a significant number of community-acquired infections. A defining feature of these infections is their morbidity and mortality, and the Klebsiella strains associated with them are considered hypervirulent. The increasing isolation of multidrug-resistant strains has significantly narrowed, or in some settings completely removed, the therapeutic options for the treatment of Klebsiella infections. Not surprisingly, this pathogen has then been singled out as an 'urgent threat to human health' by several organisations. This review summarises the tremendous progress that has been made to uncover the sophisticated immune evasion strategies of K. pneumoniae. The co-evolution of Klebsiella in response to the challenge of an activated immune has made Klebsiella a formidable pathogen exploiting stealth strategies and actively suppressing innate immune defences to overcome host responses to survive in the tissues. A better understanding of Klebsiella immune evasion strategies in the context of the host-pathogen interactions is pivotal to develop new therapeutics, which can be based on antagonising the anti-immune strategies of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Joana Sa Pessoa
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Multi-state study of Enterobacteriaceae harboring extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase genes in U.S. drinking water. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3938. [PMID: 30850706 PMCID: PMC6408426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-associated acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has significantly increased in recent years, necessitating greater inquiry into potential exposure routes, including food and water sources. In high-income countries, drinking water is often neglected as a possible source of community exposure to antibiotic-resistant organisms. We screened coliform-positive tap water samples (n = 483) from public and private water systems in six states of the United States for blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48-type genes by multiplex PCR. Positive samples were subcultured to isolate organisms harboring ESBL or carbapenemase genes. Thirty-one samples (6.4%) were positive for blaCTX-M, ESBL-type blaSHV or blaTEM, or blaOXA-48-type carbapenemase genes, including at least one positive sample from each state. ESBL and blaOXA-48-type Enterobacteriaceae isolates included E. coli, Kluyvera, Providencia, Klebsiella, and Citrobacter species. The blaOXA-48-type genes were also found in non-fermenting Gram-negative species, including Shewanella, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Multiple isolates were phenotypically non-susceptible to third-generation cephalosporin or carbapenem antibiotics. These findings suggest that tap water in high income countries could serve as an important source of community exposure to ESBL and carbapenemase genes, and that these genes may be disseminated by non-Enterobacteriaceae that are not detected as part of standard microbiological water quality testing.
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Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases Among Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Intensive Care Unit Patients in a Tertiary Hospital. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.69199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Suzuki K, Yossapol M, Sugiyama M, Asai T. Effects of Antimicrobial Administration on the Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Broiler Flocks. Jpn J Infect Dis 2019; 72:179-184. [PMID: 30700654 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2018.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The increase in antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria caused by antimicrobial usage is a public health problem. We investigated the proportion of cephalexin (LEX)-resistant bacteria in fresh feces obtained from antimicrobial-free broilers in three flocks at <15, 15-40, and> 40 days old. DHL agar plates containing 25 μg/mL LEX (DHL-L) showed LEX-resistant bacteria in all flocks at <15 days old and in one flock at > 40 days old. The bacterial counts on DHL and DHL-L were 105-108 colony forming units (CFU)/g feces and <102-105 CFU/g feces, respectively. We also assessed the proportion of AMR bacteria in feces collected at 5, 12, 19, 26, 33, and 40 days old from two flocks treated with amoxicillin at 5-7 days old and co-trimoxazole at 24-26 days old. The proportion of ampicillin (AMP)-resistant bacteria was elevated at 12 and 26-33 days old on DHL containing 50 μg/mL AMP, while no increase in LEX-resistant bacteria was observed on DHL-L. All isolates tested exhibited AMP resistance at 12 days old, while most exhibited resistance to both AMP and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole at 26-33 days old. Our results suggest that antimicrobial administration influenced the selection of AMR bacteria with cross- and coresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasumi Suzuki
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Montira Yossapol
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Michiyo Sugiyama
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Tetsuo Asai
- Department of Applied Veterinary Science, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University
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Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors versus carbapenem for bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 52:554-570. [PMID: 30081138 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae pose a major public health threat due to poor outcomes and high mortality rates. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the impact of intravenous beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors (BL-BLI), including piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ), on mortality of participants with ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections compared with carbapenem. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were electronically searched for studies through June 15, 2017 that have provided data for mortality and addressed the terms "ESBL" and "PTZ or BL-BLI" and "carbapenem". Data extraction on study design, characteristics of the population, intervention, comparator, and outcomes was performed. A meta-analysis with a random-effects model was performed. RESULTS A total of 25 observational studies describing 3842 participants were included and analyzed. Within 30-day mortality of BL-BLI or PTZ for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections treatment was not statistically different from carbapenem (pooled odds ratios (OR): 1.07, 95% CI 0.81; 1.82 and 1.18, 95% CI 0.93; 1.5, respectively). No statistically significant differences in mortality were found between BL-BLI or PTZ and carbapenem administered as definitive (OR: 0.96, 95% CI 0.59; 1.86 and 0.97, 95% CI 0.59; 1.6, respectively) or empirical (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.87; 1.48 and 1.27, 95% CI 0.96; 1.66) treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that there is no significant difference in 30-day mortality between BL-BLI, including PTZ and carbapenems, in treating ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections. Moreover, intravenous BL-BLI, especially PTZ, may be considered as an alternative treatment for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections. Future studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Diversity Determination of CTX-M1 Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Using Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis, Semnan, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.63131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Asencio Egea MÁ, Vaquero MH, Muñoz-Cuevas C, Pitera JG, Carrera ÓH, Carmona PA, Patiño Ortega HD, Huerta MF, Ortiz CR, Conde García MC, González RC, Barberá JR, Sánchez VB. [Monoclonal spread of multi-drug resistant CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Impact of measures to control the outbreak]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE QUIMIOTERAPIA 2018; 31:237-246. [PMID: 29781594 PMCID: PMC6166255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe an outbreak of multi-drug resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-ESBL-KPN) and the impact of measures for its control. METHODS We reviewed the patients´ clinical records with MDR-ESBL-KPN isolation during 2013-2016 with resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, fosfomycin, and nitrofurantoin; susceptible to imipenem, meropenem, colistin, and tigecycline and variable to ertapenem and cotrimoxazole (Vitek-2). The genetic relationship between 35 isolates was established by PFGE and MLST. Control measures were put in place in January 2016. RESULTS We detected 269 patients colonized and/or infected by KPN-ESBL-MDR with a common resistance phenotype; the strains studied carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene and formed a single cluster belonging to ST11. The outbreak was detected at the end of 2015, although it began in 2013 in an elderly center. The acquisition source of the strains was: 6% community-acquired, 37% hospital-acquired (76% in internal medicine) and 57% related to long health care facilities (78% of hospitalizations in the last year). Ninety-four percent of patients had at least one underlying disease, 90% received antibiotics previously and 49% had some invasive devices. After the introduction of control measures, the incidence of cases in the quarter was reduced from 29 to 15. CONCLUSIONS We detected a monoclonal outbreak of MDR-CTX-M-15-KPN in 2015, with predominance of health-care associated cases. The success in the rapid spread of the outbreak was due to the delay in its detection and to the fact that most of the patients had previously received antibiotics. The control measures reduced the number of isolates by 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María Huertas Vaquero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Cuevas
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - Jorge Gaitán Pitera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - Óscar Herráez Carrera
- Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - Patricia Alcázar Carmona
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | | | - María Franco Huerta
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - Carmen Román Ortiz
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - María Carmen Conde García
- Servicio de Farmacia Hospitalaria. Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - Rafael Carranza González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - José Ramón Barberá
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General La Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan, Ciudad Real
| | - Verónica Bautista Sánchez
- Vigilancia de las Resistencias a los antimicrobianos. Centro Nacional de Microbiología. Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid
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Stress-Adaptive Responses Associated with High-Level Carbapenem Resistance in KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Pathog 2018; 2018:3028290. [PMID: 29657865 PMCID: PMC5883989 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3028290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) organisms have emerged to become a major global public health threat among antimicrobial resistant bacterial human pathogens. Little is known about how CREs emerge. One characteristic phenotype of CREs is heteroresistance, which is clinically associated with treatment failure in patients given a carbapenem. Through in vitro whole-transcriptome analysis we tracked gene expression over time in two different strains (BR7, BR21) of heteroresistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, first exposed to a bactericidal concentration of imipenem followed by growth in drug-free medium. In both strains, the immediate response was dominated by a shift in expression of genes involved in glycolysis toward those involved in catabolic pathways. This response was followed by global dampening of transcriptional changes involving protein translation, folding and transport, and decreased expression of genes encoding critical junctures of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. The emerged high-level carbapenem-resistant BR21 subpopulation had a prophage (IS1) disrupting ompK36 associated with irreversible OmpK36 porin loss. On the other hand, OmpK36 loss in BR7 was reversible. The acquisition of high-level carbapenem resistance by the two heteroresistant strains was associated with distinct and shared stepwise transcriptional programs. Carbapenem heteroresistance may emerge from the most adaptive subpopulation among a population of cells undergoing a complex set of stress-adaptive responses.
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Hao M, Ye M, Shen Z, Hu F, Yang Y, Wu S, Xu X, Zhu S, Qin X, Wang M. Porin Deficiency in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter aerogenes Strains. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1277-1283. [PMID: 29653477 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The more frequent reports of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae have raised the alarm for public health. Apart from the production of carbapenemases, deficiency (decreased or loss of expression) of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) has been proposed as a potentially important mechanism of carbapenem resistance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the contribution of the major OMPs to carbapenem resistance in Enterobacter aerogenes (CREA) isolates and also investigate the role of small RNAs (sRNAs) in inducing porin-associated permeability defects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The differential expression of OMPs was analyzed in four clinical CREA isolates. omp35 and omp36 genes were further investigated by whole-genome sequencing, induction of meropenem resistance, sRNA overexpression, OMP complementation assays, and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. RESULTS All four isolates examined were deficient in omp35 and omp36. Functional restoration of these two genes confirmed their contribution to carbapenem resistance. The meropenem induction assay further revealed that porin deficiency plays a role in carbapenem resistance under antibiotic selection pressure. Single-point mutations in omp36 leading to premature stop codons were detected in two of the isolates. Elevated expression levels of the sRNAs micF and micC were detected in the other two porin-deficient isolates, which were predicted to be potential porin regulators from whole-genome sequencing. Overexpression of micF and micC downregulated the expression of Omp35 and Omp36, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Porin deficiency plays an important role in carbapenem resistance among clinical E. aerogenes isolates under regulation of the sRNAs micC and micF. Furthermore, overexpression of micC and micF had a minor to no impact on carbapenem minimum inhibitory concentrations, and thus, the regulatory mechanism is likely to be complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hao
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiping Ye
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Shen
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fupin Hu
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Wu
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Xu
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihui Zhu
- 3 Bioinformatics Department, Eoubio Technology Co., Ltd. , Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Qin
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minggui Wang
- 1 Institute of Antibiotics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China .,2 Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology of Antibiotics , Ministry of Health, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Wise MG, Horvath E, Young K, Sahm DF, Kazmierczak KM. Global survey of Klebsiella pneumoniae major porins from ertapenem non-susceptible isolates lacking carbapenemases. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:289-295. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark G. Wise
- International Health Management Associates, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA
| | - Elizabeth Horvath
- International Health Management Associates, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Daniel F. Sahm
- International Health Management Associates, Schaumburg, Illinois, USA
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Treatment of Infections Caused by Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-, AmpC-, and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:31/2/e00079-17. [PMID: 29444952 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00079-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy of invasive infections due to multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) is challenging, and some of the few active drugs are not available in many countries. For extended-spectrum β-lactamase and AmpC producers, carbapenems are the drugs of choice, but alternatives are needed because the rate of carbapenem resistance is rising. Potential active drugs include classic and newer β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, cephamycins, temocillin, aminoglycosides, tigecycline, fosfomycin, and, rarely, fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These drugs might be considered in some specific situations. AmpC producers are resistant to cephamycins, but cefepime is an option. In the case of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), only some "second-line" drugs, such as polymyxins, tigecycline, aminoglycosides, and fosfomycin, may be active; double carbapenems can also be considered in specific situations. Combination therapy is associated with better outcomes for high-risk patients, such as those in septic shock or with pneumonia. Ceftazidime-avibactam was recently approved and is active against KPC and OXA-48 producers; the available experience is scarce but promising, although development of resistance is a concern. New drugs active against some CPE isolates are in different stages of development, including meropenem-vaborbactam, imipenem-relebactam, plazomicin, cefiderocol, eravacycline, and aztreonam-avibactam. Overall, therapy of MDR-E infection must be individualized according to the susceptibility profile, type, and severity of infection and the features of the patient.
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Lev AI, Astashkin EI, Shaikhutdinova RZ, Platonov ME, Kartsev NN, Volozhantsev NV, Ershova ON, Svetoch EA, Fursova NK. Identification of IS1R and IS10R elements inserted into ompk36 porin gene of two multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae hospital strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:3586769. [PMID: 28402509 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hospital Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (n = 196) were collected in 2012-16 from the patients of a Moscow neurosurgical intensive care unit. Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were multidrug-resistant and carried beta-lactamase genes blaSHV (97.4% of strains), blaCTX-M (84.7%), blaTEM (56.1%), blaOXA-48-like (49.0%) and blaNDM-1 (one strain), class 1 integrons (43.4% of strains) and porin protein ompK36 gene (100% of strains). The ompK36 porin protein gene disruption by insertion sequence (IS) elements and OmpK36 production loss in two strains were detected in this study. Outer membrane proteins were isolated according to Carlone et al. (Rapid microprocedure for isolating detergent-insoluble outer membrane proteins from Haemophilus species. J Clin Microbiol 1986;24:330-2). The IS10R element belonging to the IS4 family, IS10 group was detected at the position of the 41st nucleotide of the ompK36 gene in K. pneumoniae strain KPB-2304K/15 (the first report for a certain IS element in K. pneumoniae). The IS1R element belonging to the IS1 family was identified at the position of the 86th nucleotide of the ompK36 gene in the K. pneumoniae strain KPB-367K/15 (novel insertion site for IS1 element into ompK36 gene). DNA transfer of the intact ompK36 gene into the strain KPB-367K/15 by vector plasmid restored OmpK36 porin protein production and resulted in a decrease of imipenem minimal inhibitory concentration. Such data confirm the importance of IS elements in ongoing multidrug-resistant evolution in hospital Klebsiella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I Lev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny I Astashkin
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Rima Z Shaikhutdinova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail E Platonov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay N Kartsev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay V Volozhantsev
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Olga N Ershova
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, 4-th Tverskaya-Yamskaya Street 16, 125047 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Edward A Svetoch
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda K Fursova
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 142279 Obolensk, Serpukhov district, Moscow region, Russian Federation
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Babu L, Uppalapati SR, Sripathy MH, Reddy PN. Evaluation of Recombinant Multi-Epitope Outer Membrane Protein-Based Klebsiella pneumoniae Subunit Vaccine in Mouse Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1805. [PMID: 28979250 PMCID: PMC5611512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Safety and protective efficacy of recombinant multi-epitope subunit vaccine (r-AK36) was evaluated in a mouse model. Recombinant AK36 protein comprised of immunodominant antigens from outer membrane proteins (Omp’s) of Klebsiella pneumoniae namely OmpA and OmpK36. r-AK36 was highly immunogenic and the hyperimmune sera reacted strongly with native OmpA and OmpK36 proteins from different K. pneumoniae strains. Hyperimmune sera showed cross-reactivity with Omp’s of other Gram-negative organisms. Humoral responses showed a Th2-type polarized immune response with IgG1 being the predominant antibody isotype. Anti-r-AK36 antibodies showed antimicrobial effect during in vitro testing with MIC values in the range of 25–50 μg/ml on different K. pneumoniae strains. The recombinant antigen elicited three fold higher proliferation of splenocytes from immunized mice compared to those with sham-immunized mice. Anti-r-AK36 antibodies also exhibited in vitro biofilm inhibition property. Subunit vaccine r-AK36 immunization promoted induction of protective cytokines IL-2 and IFN-γ in immunized mice. When r-AK36-immunized mice were challenged with 3 × LD100 dose, ∼80% of mice survived beyond the observation period. Passive antibody administration to naive mice protected them (67%) against the lethal challenge. Since the targeted OMPs are conserved among all K. pneumoniae serovars and due to the strong nature of immune responses, r-AK36 subunit vaccine could be a cost effective candidate against klebsiellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Litty Babu
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research LaboratoryMysore, India
| | - Siva R Uppalapati
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research LaboratoryMysore, India
| | - Murali H Sripathy
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research LaboratoryMysore, India
| | - Prakash N Reddy
- Department of Microbiology, Defence Food Research LaboratoryMysore, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research UniversityGuntur, India
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Li P, Wang M, Li X, Hu F, Yang M, Xie Y, Cao W, Xia X, Zheng R, Tian J, Zhang K, Chen F, Tang A. ST37 Klebsiella pneumoniae: development of carbapenem resistance in vivo during antimicrobial therapy in neonates. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:891-904. [PMID: 28699768 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the mechanism leading to in vivo carbapenem resistance development in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: Carbapenemase was detected using the modified carbapenem inactivation method. β-lactamases resistant genes were identified by PCR and sequencing. Clonal relatedness was evaluated by random amplified polymorphic DNA and multiple locus sequence typing. The relationship between sequence typing and resistant genes was analyzed by using the chi-squared test. Results: All ST37 carbapenem-resistant isolates were blaOXA-1 positive and all ST37 carbapenem-sensitive isolates were blaOXA-1 negative at Stage I. A significant relationship between carbapenem resistance and blaOXA-1 was observed. The blaOXA-1 -positive rate was significantly higher in ST37 K. pneumoniae than others. Conclusion: This is the first study about the development of carbapenem resistance in vivo potentially mediated by blaOXA-1 in ST37 K. pneumoniae among neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengling Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xianping Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feihu Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yixin Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Fang Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Aiguo Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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French CE, Coope C, Conway L, Higgins JPT, McCulloch J, Okoli G, Patel BC, Oliver I. Control of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae outbreaks in acute settings: an evidence review. J Hosp Infect 2016; 95:3-45. [PMID: 27890334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, infections with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) have been increasing globally and present a major public health challenge. AIM To review the international literature: (i) to describe CPE outbreaks in acute hospital settings globally; and (ii) to identify the control measures used during these outbreaks and report on their effectiveness. METHODS A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, abstract lists for key conferences and reference lists of key reviews was undertaken, and information on unpublished outbreaks was sought for 2000-2015. Where relevant, risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was conducted. FINDINGS Ninety-eight outbreaks were eligible. These occurred worldwide, with 53 reports from Europe. The number of cases (CPE infection or colonization) involved in outbreaks varied widely, from two to 803. In the vast majority of outbreaks, multi-component infection control measures were used, commonly including: patient screening; contact precautions (e.g. gowns, gloves); handwashing interventions; staff education or monitoring; enhanced environmental cleaning/decontamination; cohorting of patients and/or staff; and patient isolation. Seven studies were identified as providing the best-available evidence on the effectiveness of control measures. These demonstrated that CPE outbreaks can be controlled successfully using a range of appropriate, commonly used, infection control measures. However, risk of bias was considered relatively high for these studies. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that CPE outbreaks can be controlled using combinations of existing measures. However, the quality of the evidence base is weak and further high-quality research is needed, particularly on the effectiveness of individual infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E French
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Coope
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Public Health England, Bristol, UK.
| | - L Conway
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Public Health England, Bristol, UK
| | - J P T Higgins
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - G Okoli
- University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | | | - I Oliver
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Public Health England, Bristol, UK
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Antibiogram, ESBL production and carbapenemase detection of Klebsiella spp. in hospital-acquired infection. APOLLO MEDICINE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apme.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of infections, including pneumonias, urinary tract infections, bacteremias, and liver abscesses. Historically, K. pneumoniae has caused serious infection primarily in immunocompromised individuals, but the recent emergence and spread of hypervirulent strains have broadened the number of people susceptible to infections to include those who are healthy and immunosufficient. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae strains have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, rendering infection by these strains very challenging to treat. The emergence of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant strains has driven a number of recent studies. Work has described the worldwide spread of one drug-resistant strain and a host defense axis, interleukin-17 (IL-17), that is important for controlling infection. Four factors, capsule, lipopolysaccharide, fimbriae, and siderophores, have been well studied and are important for virulence in at least one infection model. Several other factors have been less well characterized but are also important in at least one infection model. However, there is a significant amount of heterogeneity in K. pneumoniae strains, and not every factor plays the same critical role in all virulent Klebsiella strains. Recent studies have identified additional K. pneumoniae virulence factors and led to more insights about factors important for the growth of this pathogen at a variety of tissue sites. Many of these genes encode proteins that function in metabolism and the regulation of transcription. However, much work is left to be done in characterizing these newly discovered factors, understanding how infections differ between healthy and immunocompromised patients, and identifying attractive bacterial or host targets for treating these infections.
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Heininger A, Yusuf R, Lawrence RJ, Draheim RR. Identification of transmembrane helix 1 (TM1) surfaces important for EnvZ dimerisation and signal output. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:1868-75. [PMID: 27155567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Escherichia coli sensor kinase EnvZ modulates porin expression in response to various stimuli, including extracellular osmolarity, the presence of procaine and interaction with an accessory protein, MzrA. Two major outer membrane porins, OmpF and OmpC, act as passive diffusion-limited pores that allow compounds, including certain classes of antibiotics such as β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, to enter the bacterial cell. Even though the mechanisms by which EnvZ detects and processes the presence of various stimuli are a fundamental component of microbial physiology, they are not yet fully understood. Here, we assess the role of TM1 during signal transduction in response to the presence of extracellular osmolarity. Various mechanisms of transmembrane communication have been proposed including rotation of individual helices within the transmembrane domain, dynamic movement of the membrane-distal portion of the cytoplasmic domain and regulated intra-protein unfolding. To assess these possibilities, we have created a library of single-Cys-containing EnvZ proteins in order to facilitate sulfhydryl-reactivity experimentation. Our results demonstrate that the major TM1-TM1' interface falls along a single surface consisting of residue positions 19, 23, 26, 30 and 34. In addition, we show that Cys substitutions within the N- and C-terminal regions of TM1 result in drastic changes to EnvZ signal output. Finally, we demonstrate that core residues within TM1 are responsible for both TM1 dimerisation and maintenance of steady-state signal output. Overall, our results suggest that no major rearrangement of the TM1-TM1' interface occurs during transmembrane communication in response to extracellular osmolarity. We conclude by discussing these results within the frameworks of several proposed models for transmembrane communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Heininger
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biocenter, Goethe University Frankfurt, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Rahmi Yusuf
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, England, UK.
| | - Robert J Lawrence
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, England, UK.
| | - Roger R Draheim
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, England, UK; Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, England, UK.
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O’Donnell JN, Miglis CM, Lee JY, Tuvell M, Lertharakul T, Scheetz MH. Carbapenem susceptibility breakpoints, clinical implications with the moving target. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2016; 14:389-401. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1159131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mlynarcik P, Roderova M, Kolar M. Primer Evaluation for PCR and its Application for Detection of Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e29314. [PMID: 27099689 PMCID: PMC4834133 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.29314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in human patients has increased. Carbapenemase-producing bacteria are usually multidrug resistant. Therefore, early recognition of carbapenemase producers is critical to prevent their spread. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to develop the primers for single and/or multiplex PCR amplification assays for simultaneous identification of class A, class B, and class D carbapenem hydrolyzing β-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae and then to evaluate their efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS The reference sequences of all genes encoding carbapenemases were downloaded from GenBank. Primers were designed to amplify the following 11 genes: bla KPC, bla OXA, bla VIM, bla NDM, bla IMP, bla SME, bla IMI, bla GES , bla GIM, bla DIM and bla CMY . PCR conditions were tested to amplify fragments of different sizes. Two multiplex PCR sets were created for the detection of clinically important carbapenemases. The third set of primers was included for detection of all known carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae. They were evaluated using six reference strains and nine clinical isolates. RESULTS Using optimized conditions, all carbapenemase-positive controls yielded predicted amplicon sizes and confirmed the specificity of the primers in single and multiplex PCR. CONCLUSIONS We have reported here a reliable method, composed of single and multiplex PCR assays, for screening all clinically known carbapenemases. Primers tested in silico and in vitro may distinguish carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and could assist in combating the spread of carbapenem resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Mlynarcik
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author: Patrik Mlynarcik, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, 775 15, Olomouc, Czech Republic. Tel: +420-585632406, E-mail:
| | - Magdalena Roderova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Kolar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Yadav KK, Adhikari N, Khadka R, Pant AD, Shah B. Multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli: a cross-sectional study in National Kidney Center, Nepal. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2015; 4:42. [PMID: 26504518 PMCID: PMC4620628 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-015-0085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergence of antibacterial resistance and production of Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are responsible for the frequently observed empirical therapy failures. Most countries have experienced rapid dissemination of ESBLs producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates, particularly E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBLs are clinically significant and when detected, indicate the need for the use of appropriate antibacterial agents. But antibacterial choice is often complicated by multi-resistance. Methods This study was carried from June to November 2014 to study the multidrug resistant (MDR) Enterobacteriaceae and ESBL producing E. coli among urine isolates in hospital setting. Isolates from urine samples were primarily screened for possible ESBL production followed by phenotypic confirmation. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was done by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results Out of 450 urine samples processed, 141 significant growths were obtained including 95 Enterobacteriaceae isolates with 67 E. coli. Among Enterobacteriaceae, 92 (96.84 %) were recorded as MDR and 18 (26.87 %) E. coli were confirmed as ESBLs producers. Conclusions Using the phenotypic confirmatory test forwarded by the CLSI, relatively significant E. coli isolates tested were ESBL producers. Also high numbers of MDR organisms were isolated among Enterobacteriaceae. Isolates showed significant resistance to the commonly prescribed drugs. These findings suggest for further study in this field including the consequences of colonization with MDR and ESBL-producing bacteria both in the community and in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamlesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nabaraj Adhikari
- Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rama Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Kantipur College of Medical Science, Sitapaila, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anil Dev Pant
- Consultant pathologist, National Kidney Center, Vanasthali, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bibha Shah
- Quality Control Department, Qmed Formulations Pvt. Ltd., Chhaling, Bhaktapur, Nepal
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Hendrik TC, Voor in ‘t holt AF, Vos MC. Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella spp.: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140754. [PMID: 26485570 PMCID: PMC4617432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthcare-related infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella spp. are of major concern. To control transmission, deep understanding of the transmission mechanisms is needed. This systematic review aimed to identify risk factors and sources, clonal relatedness using molecular techniques, and the most effective control strategies for ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Outbreak Database was performed. We identified 2771 articles from November 25th, 1960 until April 7th, 2014 of which 148 were included in the systematic review and 23 in a random-effects meta-analysis study. The random-effects meta-analyses showed that underlying disease or condition (odds ratio [OR] = 6.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.85 to 13.66) generated the highest pooled estimate. ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp. were spread through person-to-person contact and via sources in the environment; we identified both monoclonal and polyclonal presence. Multi-faceted interventions are needed to prevent transmission of ESBL-producing Klebsiella spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirza C. Hendrik
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne F. Voor in ‘t holt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet C. Vos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Molecular Characterization of Carbapenem-Nonsusceptible Enterobacterial Isolates Collected during a Prospective Interregional Survey in France and Susceptibility to the Novel Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam-Avibactam Combinations. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 60:215-21. [PMID: 26482307 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01559-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An interregional surveillance program was conducted in the northwestern part of France to determine the prevalence of carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CNSE) isolates and their susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations. Nonduplicate CNSE clinical isolates were prospectively collected from six hospitals between June 2012 and November 2013. MICs of ceftazidime and aztreonam, alone or combined with a fixed concentration of avibactam (4 μg/ml), and those of carbapenems (comparator agents) were determined. MICs of ertapenem in combination with phenylalanine arginine-naphthylamide dihydrochloride (PAβN) were also determined to assess active efflux. Genes encoding carbapenemases, plasmid-mediated AmpC enzymes, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and major outer membrane proteins (OMPs) were amplified and sequenced. OMPs were also extracted for SDS-PAGE analysis. Among the 139 CNSE isolates, mainly Enterobacter spp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae, 123 (88.4%) were ertapenem nonsusceptible, 12 (8.6%) exhibited reduced susceptibility to all carbapenems, and 4 Proteeae isolates (2.9%) were resistant to imipenem. Carbapenemase production was detected in only two isolates (producing OXA-48 and IMI-3). In contrast, OMP deficiency, in association with AmpCs and/or ESBLs (mainly CTX-M-9, SHV-12, and CTX-M-15), was largely identified among CNSE isolates. The ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations exhibited potent activity against CNSE isolates (MIC50/MIC90, 1/1 μg/ml and 0.5/0.5 μg/ml, respectively) compared to that of ceftazidime and aztreonam alone (MIC50/MIC90, 512/512 μg/ml and 128/512 μg/ml, respectively). This study reveals the in vitro activity of ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam-avibactam combinations against a large collection of porin-deficient enterobacterial isolates that are representative of the CNSE recovered in the northern part of France.
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Ogutu JO, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Yan H, Su L, Gao B, Zhang W, Zhao J, Cai W, Li W, Zhao H, Chen Y, Song W, Chen X, Fu Y, Zhang F. Development of a multiplex PCR system and its application in detection of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9 and blaOXA-1 group genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2015; 68:725-33. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2015.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Calbo E, Garau J. The changing epidemiology of hospital outbreaks due to ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: the CTX-M-15 type consolidation. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:1063-75. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Klebsiella pneumoniae is responsible for a large number of hospital outbreaks. In the 1990s, there were clonal epidemics, affecting mostly intensive care patients, which carried SHV and TEM enzyme types. With the advent of CTX-M-15 enzymes in the 2000, plasmids encoding multiple extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) types were described and, frequently, nosocomial outbreaks reported polyclonal dissemination and involved multiple Enterobacteriaceae. Worryingly, the interface between community and hospital is becoming blurred, and there is increasing evidence for the presence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in the community. Furthermore, carbapenem resistance is increasingly reported in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains. Infection control measures and stewardship programs are vital weapons in controlling the pandemic evolution of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Calbo
- Service of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Plaza Dr Robert 5, 08221 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Garau
- Service of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitari Mútua de Terrassa, Plaza Dr Robert 5, 08221 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
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Rapid induction of high-level carbapenem resistance in heteroresistant KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:3281-9. [PMID: 25801565 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05100-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae strains producing the Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) have disseminated worldwide, causing an urgent threat to public health. KPC-producing strains often exhibit low-level carbapenem resistance, which may be missed by automated clinical detection systems. In this study, eight Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with heterogeneous resistance to imipenem were used to elucidate the factors leading from imipenem susceptibility to high-level resistance as defined by clinical laboratory testing standards. Time-kill analysis with an inoculum as low as 3 × 10(6) CFU/ml and concentrations of imipenem 8- and 16-fold higher than the MIC resulted in the initial killing of 99.9% of the population. However, full recovery of the population occurred by 20 h of incubation in the same drug concentrations. Population profiles showed that recovery was mediated by a heteroresistant subpopulation at a frequency of 2 × 10(-7) to 3 × 10(-6). Samples selected 2 h after exposure to imipenem were as susceptible as the unexposed parental strain and produced the major outer membrane porin OmpK36. However, between 4 to 8 h after exposure, OmpK36 became absent, and the imipenem MIC increased at least 32-fold. Individual colonies isolated from cultures after 20 h of exposure revealed both susceptible and resistant subpopulations. Once induced, however, the high-level imipenem resistance was maintained, and OmpK36 remained unexpressed even without continued carbapenem exposure. This study demonstrates the essential coordination between blaKPC and ompK36 expression mediating high-level imipenem resistance from a population of bacteria that initially exhibits a carbapenem-susceptibility phenotype.
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Multi-drug carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae infection carrying the OXA-48 gene and showing variations in outer membrane protein 36 causing an outbreak in a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 28:186-92. [PMID: 25245001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the genes of antibiotic resistance among isolates from the first reported carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) outbreak in a tertiary care hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on bacterial isolates using the Microscan Walkaway system (Siemens, Germany) and was confirmed by Etest (AB Biodisk, Sweden). bla-CTX-M, -SHV, -TEM, -OXA-48, OXA-A,B,C,D, -KPC, -NDM, -VIM, -IMP, integron 1, and outer membrane proteins(Omp)-35 and Omp-36 were investigated by PCR amplification and direct sequencing of PCR products. Isolates were sequence-typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS All isolates were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefepime, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam, and 91% (21 out of 23) were resistant to amikacin and gentamicin. All isolates except two from a single patient were resistant to one of the carbapenems. CTX-M and SHV genes were detected in all isolates, CTX-M-15 and SHV-1 types being predominant among these extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). TEM-1 was found in all except one isolate (isolate 3). Significantly, the OXA-48 gene was also found in all isolates. OXA-D-gene was found in three out of 23 isolates. KPC, NDM, OXA-A, -B, -C, VIM, and IMP genes were absent in all isolates. Disruption of the Omp-36 gene due to insertion of transposon IS903 and/or IS4 was detected in four out of 23 isolates, and some unique variations were also observed in this gene, including an insertion of two amino acids in the L3 region of Omp-36 in one isolate (isolate 3) and a mutation resulting in a premature stop codon in another isolate (isolate 25). MLST revealed ST29 to be the predominant sequence type (17 out of 23 isolates, 74%). Three were ST709 and one each was ST37 and ST111; one isolate had an unknown ST. CONCLUSIONS This is probably the first reported outbreak of multidrug/carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella infection involving the OXA-48 gene from Saudi Arabia. Although the presence of ESBLs such as OXA, CTX-M, TEM, and SHV are predictable reasons for resistance, variations in the Omp-36 gene might also have precipitated this phenomenon. Disruption of the Omp-36 sequence by large insertional elements, the insertion of two amino acids in a very crucial part of this protein, and the presence of a premature stop codon in one isolate might have rendered this protein incomplete and non-functional. The study also demonstrated that more than one type of clone was responsible for this reported apparent outbreak and that ST29, a clone not reported from this region before, was the major clone responsible.
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Marie MA, John J, Krishnappa LG, Gopalkrishnan S. Molecular characterization of the β-lactamases in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Microbiol Immunol 2014; 57:805-10. [PMID: 24117831 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The widespread use of antimicrobials has increased the occurrence of multidrug resistant microbes. The commonest mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is production of β-lactamases such as metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL). Few studies have used a molecular approach to characterize the prevalence of β-lactamases. Here, the prevalence of different β-lactamases was characterized by performing three multiplex PCRs targeting genes similar to those described in earlier publications. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests for all isolates were performed using the agar dilution method. β-lactamase was detected in 72% of the isolates, the detection rate being 64% in 2011 and 75% in 2012. The isolates were highly resistant to carbapenems such as meropenem and imipenem and susceptible to colistin and tigecycline. In this study, 22% of isolates contained both MBL and ESBL. ESBL was detected more frequently in Escherichia coli isolates, whereas carbapenemase was detected more frequently in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. These findings suggest the spread of multi-resistant ESBL and MBL producers in the community. Our results have implications for patient treatment and also indicate the need for increased surveillance and molecular characterization of isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Ali Marie
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Laboratory Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11403, Saudi Arabia
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Yan YZ, Sun KD, Pan LH, Fan HQ, Yang HZ, Lu YC, Shi Y. A screening strategy for phenotypic detection of carbapenemase in the clinical laboratory. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:211-5. [PMID: 24693979 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae have emerged as an important challenge worldwide and represent a great limitation for antimicrobial therapy. Detection of carbapenemase in Enterobacteriaceae species also remains challenging. Although the modified Hodge test is recommended, it lacks specificity and is unable to distinguish between carbapenemase types. Here, we demonstrated a screening strategy for the phenotypic detection of carbapenemases among Enterobacteriaceae isolates in the clinical laboratory by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phenylboronic acid. This strategy displayed an overall 100% sensitivity and 98.6% specificity for carbapenemase detection in Enterobacteriaceae, which was superior to that of the modified Hodge test (98.0% sensitivity and 84.3% specificity), and it also discriminated the carbapenemase phenotypes of KPC-2, VIM-1, and OXA-48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Yan
- Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Gongwei Road No. 2800, Shanghai 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang-De Sun
- The Ninth People’s Hospital, Jiaotong University, Zhizhaoju Road No. 639, Shanghai 200020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Hong Pan
- Nanhui Mental Health Center, Gongle Road No. 2759, Shanghai 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qin Fan
- Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Gongwei Road No. 2800, Shanghai 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-Zhang Yang
- Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Gongwei Road No. 2800, Shanghai 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Chun Lu
- Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Gongwei Road No. 2800, Shanghai 201399, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Shi
- Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Gongwei Road No. 2800, Shanghai 201399, People’s Republic of China
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Usui M, Iwasa T, Fukuda A, Sato T, Okubo T, Tamura Y. The Role of Flies in Spreading the Extended-Spectrum β-lactamase Gene from Cattle. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:415-20. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwasa
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akira Fukuda
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toyotaka Sato
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Torahiko Okubo
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Hiki M, Usui M, Kojima A, Ozawa M, Ishii Y, Asai T. Diversity of plasmid replicons encoding the bla(CMY-2) gene in broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock animals in Japan. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2013; 10:243-9. [PMID: 23489047 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin (BSC) resistance has increased in Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Japan since 2004. The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiology of BSC-resistant E. coli in livestock animals. Among 3274 E. coli isolates from 1767 feces of apparently healthy animals on 1767 farms between 2004 and 2009, 118 ceftiofur (CTF)-resistant isolates (CTF MIC ≥4 μg/mL) were identified on 74 farms. After elimination of apparently clonal isolates from a single animal, 75 selected CTF-resistant isolates (62 isolates from 61 broiler chickens, 10 isolates from 10 layer chickens, two isolates from two cows, and one isolate from a pig) were characterized. The bla(CMY-2) gene was most frequently detected in 50 isolates, followed by bla(CTX-M) (CTX-M-2: six isolates; CTX-M-14: four isolates; CTX-M-25: two isolates; CTX-M-1: one isolate) and bla(SHV) (SHV-12: seven isolates; SHV-2, SHV-2a, SHV-5: one isolate each). In particular, 42 of 62 broiler chicken isolates harbored bla(CMY-2). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analyses using XbaI revealed divergent profiles among the BSC-resistant isolates. The incompatibility groups of bla(CMY-2) plasmids from 34 of the 42 broiler chicken isolates belonged to IncIγ (10 isolates), IncA/C (nine isolates), IncB/O (seven isolates) and IncI1 (six isolates), or were nontypeable (two isolates). Co-transmission of resistance to non-β-lactam antibiotics was observed in transconjugants with IncA/C plasmids, but not with IncI1, IncIγ, and IncB/O plasmids except for one isolate with IncB/O. Our findings suggest that the bla(CMY-2) gene is a key player in BSC-resistant E. coli isolates and that coselection is unlikely to be associated with the abundance of bla(CMY-2) plasmids, except for IncA/C plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mototaka Hiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, Tokyo, Japan
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