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Yin C, Yao YF, Yang P, Liu H, Gao G, Peng Y, Chen M, Lu M, Zhang X, Guo W, Zhang Z, Hu X, Yuan Z, Shan C. A highly effective ferritin-based divalent nanoparticle vaccine shields Syrian hamsters against lethal Nipah virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1387811. [PMID: 38911870 PMCID: PMC11191641 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1387811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The Nipah virus (NiV), a highly deadly bat-borne paramyxovirus, poses a substantial threat due to recurrent outbreaks in specific regions, causing severe respiratory and neurological diseases with high morbidity. Two distinct strains, NiV-Malaysia (NiV-M) and NiV-Bangladesh (NiV-B), contribute to outbreaks in different geographical areas. Currently, there are no commercially licensed vaccines or drugs available for prevention or treatment. In response to this urgent need for protection against NiV and related henipaviruses infections, we developed a novel homotypic virus-like nanoparticle (VLP) vaccine co-displaying NiV attachment glycoproteins (G) from both strains, utilizing the self-assembling properties of ferritin protein. In comparison to the NiV G subunit vaccine, our nanoparticle vaccine elicited significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and provided complete protection against a lethal challenge with NiV infection in Syrian hamsters. Remarkably, the nanoparticle vaccine stimulated the production of antibodies that exhibited superior cross-reactivity to homologous or heterologous henipavirus. These findings underscore the potential utility of ferritin-based nanoparticle vaccines in providing both broad-spectrum and long-term protection against NiV and emerging zoonotic henipaviruses challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Feng Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Miaoyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Zarate-Sanchez E, George SC, Moya ML, Robertson C. Vascular dysfunction in hemorrhagic viral fevers: opportunities for organotypic modeling. Biofabrication 2024; 16:032008. [PMID: 38749416 PMCID: PMC11151171 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ad4c0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The hemorrhagic fever viruses (HFVs) cause severe or fatal infections in humans. Named after their common symptom hemorrhage, these viruses induce significant vascular dysfunction by affecting endothelial cells, altering immunity, and disrupting the clotting system. Despite advances in treatments, such as cytokine blocking therapies, disease modifying treatment for this class of pathogen remains elusive. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of these infections could provide new avenues to treatment. While animal models and traditional 2D cell cultures have contributed insight into the mechanisms by which these pathogens affect the vasculature, these models fall short in replicatingin vivohuman vascular dynamics. The emergence of microphysiological systems (MPSs) offers promising avenues for modeling these complex interactions. These MPS or 'organ-on-chip' models present opportunities to better mimic human vascular responses and thus aid in treatment development. In this review, we explore the impact of HFV on the vasculature by causing endothelial dysfunction, blood clotting irregularities, and immune dysregulation. We highlight how existing MPS have elucidated features of HFV pathogenesis as well as discuss existing knowledge gaps and the challenges in modeling these interactions using MPS. Understanding the intricate mechanisms of vascular dysfunction caused by HFV is crucial in developing therapies not only for these infections, but also for other vasculotropic conditions like sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Zarate-Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Monica L Moya
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Claire Robertson
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Nurmukanova V, Matsvay A, Gordukova M, Shipulin G. Square the Circle: Diversity of Viral Pathogens Causing Neuro-Infectious Diseases. Viruses 2024; 16:787. [PMID: 38793668 PMCID: PMC11126052 DOI: 10.3390/v16050787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinfections rank among the top ten leading causes of child mortality globally, even in high-income countries. The crucial determinants for successful treatment lie in the timing and swiftness of diagnosis. Although viruses constitute the majority of infectious neuropathologies, diagnosing and treating viral neuroinfections remains challenging. Despite technological advancements, the etiology of the disease remains undetermined in over half of cases. The identification of the pathogen becomes more difficult when the infection is caused by atypical pathogens or multiple pathogens simultaneously. Furthermore, the modern surge in global passenger traffic has led to an increase in cases of infections caused by pathogens not endemic to local areas. This review aims to systematize and summarize information on neuroinvasive viral pathogens, encompassing their geographic distribution and transmission routes. Emphasis is placed on rare pathogens and cases involving atypical pathogens, aiming to offer a comprehensive and structured catalog of viral agents with neurovirulence potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Nurmukanova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina Matsvay
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Gordukova
- G. Speransky Children’s Hospital No. 9, 123317 Moscow, Russia
| | - German Shipulin
- Federal State Budgetary Institution “Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks” of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Yang X, Xu K, Li S, Zhang J, Xie Y, Lou Y, Xiao X. Novel methods for the rapid and sensitive detection of Nipah virus based on a CRISPR/Cas12a system. Analyst 2024; 149:2586-2593. [PMID: 38497408 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00027g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV), a bat-borne zoonotic viral pathogen with high infectivity and lethality to humans, has caused severe outbreaks in several countries of Asia during the past two decades. Because of the worldwide distribution of the NiV natural reservoir, fruit bats, and lack of effective treatments or vaccines for NiV, routine surveillance and early detection are the key measures for containing NiV outbreaks and reducing its influence. In this study, we developed two rapid, sensitive and easy-to-conduct methods, RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FQ and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FB, for NiV detection based on a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay and a CRISPR/Cas12a system by utilizing dual-labeled fluorophore-quencher or fluorophore-biotin ssDNA probes. These two methods can be completed in 45 min and 55 min and achieve a limit of detection of 10 copies per μL and 100 copies per μL of NiV N DNA, respectively. In addition, they do not cross-react with nontarget nucleic acids extracted from the pathogens causing similar symptoms to NiV, showing high specificity for NiV N DNA detection. Meanwhile, they show satisfactory performance in the detection of spiked samples from pigs and humans. Collectively, the RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FQ and RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a-FB methods developed by us would be promising candidates for the early detection and routine surveillance of NiV in resource-poor areas and outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Kexin Xu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Siying Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jiangnian Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Yinli Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Xingxing Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Chen L, Sun M, Zhang H, Zhang X, Yao Y, Li M, Li K, Fan P, Zhang H, Qin Y, Zhang Z, Li E, Chen Z, Guan W, Li S, Yu C, Zhang K, Gong R, Chiu S. Potent human neutralizing antibodies against Nipah virus derived from two ancestral antibody heavy chains. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2987. [PMID: 38582870 PMCID: PMC10998907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47213-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a World Health Organization priority pathogen and there are currently no approved drugs for clinical immunotherapy. Through the use of a naïve human phage-displayed Fab library, two neutralizing antibodies (NiV41 and NiV42) targeting the NiV receptor binding protein (RBP) were identified. Following affinity maturation, antibodies derived from NiV41 display cross-reactivity against both NiV and Hendra virus (HeV), whereas the antibody based on NiV42 is only specific to NiV. Results of immunogenetic analysis reveal a correlation between the maturation of antibodies and their antiviral activity. In vivo testing of NiV41 and its mature form (41-6) show protective efficacy against a lethal NiV challenge in hamsters. Furthermore, a 2.88 Å Cryo-EM structure of the tetrameric RBP and antibody complex demonstrates that 41-6 blocks the receptor binding interface. These findings can be beneficial for the development of antiviral drugs and the design of vaccines with broad spectrum against henipaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Sun
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huajun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kangyin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Fan
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wuxiang Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Changming Yu
- Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Kaiming Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, China.
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anhui Province for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Hefei, China.
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Ebrahimi M, Alijanianzadeh M. Evaluation of the interaction between potent small molecules against the Nipah virus Glycoprotein in Malaysia and Bangladesh strains, accompanied by the human Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-B3 receptors; a simulation approach. Mol Divers 2024; 28:851-874. [PMID: 36808582 PMCID: PMC9939871 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10624-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Malaysia reported the first human case of Nipah virus (NiV) in late September 1998 with encephalitis and respiratory symptoms. As a result of viral genomic mutations, two main strains (NiV-Malaysia and NiV-Bangladesh) have spread around the world. There are no licensed molecular therapeutics available for this biosafety level 4 pathogen. NiV attachment glycoprotein plays a critical role in viral transmission through its human receptors (Ephrin-B2 and Ephrin-B3), so identifying small molecules that can be repurposed to inhibit them is crucial to developing anti-NiV drugs. Consequently, in this study annealing simulations, pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics were used to evaluate seven potential drugs (Pemirolast, Nitrofurantoin, Isoniazid Pyruvate, Eriodictyol, Cepharanthine, Ergoloid, and Hypericin) against NiV-G, Ephrin-B2, and Ephrin-B3 receptors. Based on the annealing analysis, Pemirolast for efnb2 protein and Isoniazid Pyruvate for efnb3 receptor were repurposed as the most promising small molecule candidates. Furthermore, Hypericin and Cepharanthine, with notable interaction values, are the top Glycoprotein inhibitors in Malaysia and Bangladesh strains, respectively. In addition, docking calculations revealed that their binding affinity scores are related to efnb2-pem (- 7.1 kcal/mol), efnb3-iso (- 5.8 kcal/mol), gm-hyp (- 9.6 kcal/mol), gb-ceph (- 9.2 kcal/mol). Finally, our computational research minimizes the time-consuming aspects and provides options for dealing with any new variants of Nipah virus that might emerge in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebrahimi
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alijanianzadeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
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Balasubramanian R, Mohandas S, Thankappan UP, Shete A, Patil D, Sabarinath K, Mathapati B, Sahay R, Patil D, Yadav PD. Surveillance of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius of Kerala state, India, 2023. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342170. [PMID: 38511004 PMCID: PMC10951996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Since 2018, the Indian state of Kerala has reported four Nipah virus (NiV) disease outbreaks, raising concerns about NiV spillover from bats to the human population. Considering this, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Pteropus medius bat population around the Nipah virus-affected regions of Kozhikode, Kerala, India, during February, July, and September 2023. Methods Throat swabs, rectal swabs, and organ samples were collected from bats to test for NiV using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while serum samples were screened for anti-Nipah IgG antibodies through ELISA. Results An overall seroprevalence of 20.9% was observed in 272 P. medius bats tested. The throat and rectal swab samples of 321 bats were negative for NiV RNA. However, 4 of 44 P. medius bats tested positive for NiV in their liver/spleen samples. The partial N gene retrieved showed more than 99% similarity with the earlier reported NiV genome from Kerala state, India. Discussion The findings of the study caution that there is a spillover risk in the region and necessary precautions should be taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anita Shete
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Dilip Patil
- Animal House, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Kannan Sabarinath
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | | | - Rima Sahay
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Deepak Patil
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
| | - Pragya D. Yadav
- Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Byrne PO, Blade EG, Fisher BE, Ambrozak DR, Ramamohan AR, Graham BS, Loomis RJ, McLellan JS. Prefusion stabilization of the Hendra and Langya virus F proteins. J Virol 2024; 98:e0137223. [PMID: 38214525 PMCID: PMC10878279 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01372-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are pathogenic paramyxoviruses that cause mild-to-severe disease in humans. As members of the Henipavirus genus, NiV and HeV use an attachment (G) glycoprotein and a class I fusion (F) glycoprotein to invade host cells. The F protein rearranges from a metastable prefusion form to an extended postfusion form to facilitate host cell entry. Prefusion NiV F elicits higher neutralizing antibody titers than postfusion NiV F, indicating that stabilization of prefusion F may aid vaccine development. A combination of amino acid substitutions (L104C/I114C, L172F, and S191P) is known to stabilize NiV F in its prefusion conformation, although the extent to which substitutions transfer to other henipavirus F proteins is not known. Here, we perform biophysical and structural studies to investigate the mechanism of prefusion stabilization in F proteins from three henipaviruses: NiV, HeV, and Langya virus (LayV). Three known stabilizing substitutions from NiV F transfer to HeV F and exert similar structural and functional effects. One engineered disulfide bond, located near the fusion peptide, is sufficient to stabilize the prefusion conformations of both HeV F and LayV F. Although LayV F shares low overall sequence identity with NiV F and HeV F, the region around the fusion peptide exhibits high sequence conservation across all henipaviruses. Our findings indicate that substitutions targeting this site of conformational change might be applicable to prefusion stabilization of other henipavirus F proteins and support the use of NiV as a prototypical pathogen for henipavirus vaccine antigen design.IMPORTANCEPathogenic henipaviruses such as Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) cause respiratory symptoms, with severe cases resulting in encephalitis, seizures, and coma. The work described here shows that the NiV and HeV fusion (F) proteins share common structural features with the F protein from an emerging henipavirus, Langya virus (LayV). Sequence alignment alone was sufficient to predict which known prefusion-stabilizing amino acid substitutions from NiV F would stabilize the prefusion conformations of HeV F and LayV F. This work also reveals an unexpected oligomeric interface shared by prefusion HeV F and NiV F. Together, these advances lay a foundation for future antigen design targeting henipavirus F proteins. In this way, Nipah virus can serve as a prototypical pathogen for the development of protective vaccines and monoclonal antibodies to prepare for potential henipavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. Byrne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Blade
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Brian E. Fisher
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David R. Ambrozak
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ajit R. Ramamohan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Rebecca J. Loomis
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Dsouza NN, Chellasamy SK. A comparative genomic approach to decipher the mutations associated with Nipah viral human isolates from southeast Asia. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2024; 16:104-113. [PMID: 38682059 PMCID: PMC11055433 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v16i1.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Multiple outbreaks over two decades and a high mortality rate have emphasized the Nipah virus (NiV) as a priority research area. The study focuses on identifying the mutational landscape in sequences from NiV human isolates from different geographical regions. Materials and Methods Thirty-seven NiV genomes of human samples from Malaysia, Bangladesh, and India were subjected to phylogeny and metagenomic analysis to decipher the genome variability using MEGA11 software and the meta-CATS web server. Using the Single-Likelihood Ancestor Counting method, the synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations among NiV genes were identified. Further, the nonsynonymous variations were used to identify mutations in all the NiV proteins. Results The NiV isolates were categorized into NiV-M, NiV-B, and NiV-I clades based on phylogenetic analysis. Metagenomic analysis revealed 1636 variations in the noncoding and coding regions of the genomes of the three clades of NiV. Further analysis of nonsynonymous mutations showed the phosphoprotein to be highly mutating, whereas the matrix protein was stable. Conclusion Deciphering the mutation pattern using a comparative genomics approach for human isolates provided valuable insight into the stability of NiV proteins which can be further used for understanding variations in host-pathogen interaction and developing effective therapeutic measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norine Norbert Dsouza
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier’s College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Selvaa Kumar Chellasamy
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sector 15, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Lu M, Yao Y, Liu H, Zhang X, Li X, Liu Y, Peng Y, Chen T, Sun Y, Gao G, Chen M, Zhao J, Zhang X, Yin C, Guo W, Yang P, Hu X, Rao J, Li E, Wong G, Yuan Z, Chiu S, Shan C, Lan J. Vaccines based on the fusion protein consensus sequence protect Syrian hamsters from Nipah virus infection. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e175461. [PMID: 37917215 PMCID: PMC10795836 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV), a bat-borne paramyxovirus, results in neurological and respiratory diseases with high mortality in humans and animals. Developing vaccines is crucial for fighting these diseases. Previously, only a few studies focused on the fusion (F) protein alone as the immunogen. Numerous NiV strains have been identified, including 2 representative strains from Malaysia (NiV-M) and Bangladesh (NiV-B), which differ significantly from each other. In this study, an F protein sequence with the potential to prevent different NiV strain infections was designed by bioinformatics analysis after an in-depth study of NiV sequences in GenBank. Then, a chimpanzee adenoviral vector vaccine and a DNA vaccine were developed. High levels of immune responses were detected after AdC68-F, pVAX1-F, and a prime-boost strategy (pVAX1-F/AdC68-F) in mice. After high titers of humoral responses were induced, the hamsters were challenged by the lethal NiV-M and NiV-B strains separately. The vaccinated hamsters did not show any clinical signs and survived 21 days after infection with either strain of NiV, and no virus was detected in different tissues. These results indicate that the vaccines provided complete protection against representative strains of NiV infection and have the potential to be developed as a broad-spectrum vaccine for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejie Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Chen
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Miaoyu Chen
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoYu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Juhong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gary Wong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaming Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Aktaş E, Saygılı İ, Kahveci E, Tekbıyık Z, Özgentürk NÖ. Bioinformatic investigation of Nipah virus surface protein mutations: Molecular docking with Ephrin B2 receptor, molecular dynamics simulation, and structural impact analysis. Microbiol Immunol 2023; 67:501-513. [PMID: 37812043 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak resulted in significant challenges and loss of life. The Nipah virus, known for its high infectivity and severity, was designated an emergency concern by the World Health Organization. To understand its mutations, the Nipah virus proteins were analyzed extensively, with a focus on the essential G and F proteins responsible for viral entry into host cells. Our bioinformatics analysis unveiled multiple mutations, including simultaneous mutations within a single sequence. Notably, the G273S mutation in the F protein was identified as a potential cause of structural damage, which carries significant implications for vaccine development. Comparing the docking scores of G and F proteins with the Ephrin B2 receptor, it was found that the Y228H mutation in the G protein and the D252G mutation in the F protein likely affect virus entry into host cells. Moreover, our investigation into stability and deformability highlighted the impact of the Y228H mutation in the G protein complex. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed increased flexibility and conformational changes in the G protein complex with the Y228H mutation compared with the known complex. Furthermore, evaluating the root mean square deviation variation demonstrated greater dynamic behavior in the G protein complex and the Ephrin B2 receptor complex. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into Nipah virus mutations, their significance for vaccine development, and the importance of understanding protein complex behavior in drug discovery. The identified mutations, especially G273S and Y228H, hold crucial implications for future research and potential interventions against the Nipah virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Aktaş
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Saygılı
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Kahveci
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Tekbıyık
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nehir Özdemir Özgentürk
- Faculty of Art and Science, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yıldız Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Muhammad SA, Guo J, Noor K, Mustafa A, Amjad A, Bai B. Pangenomic and immunoinformatics based analysis of Nipah virus revealed CD4 + and CD8 + T-Cell epitopes as potential vaccine candidates. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1290436. [PMID: 38035008 PMCID: PMC10682379 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1290436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Nipah (NiV) is the zoonotic deadly bat-borne virus that causes neurological and respiratory infections which ultimately lead to death. There are 706 infected cases reported up till now especially in Asia, out of which 409 patients died. There is no vaccine and effective treatment available for NiV infections and we have to timely design such strategies as world could not bear another pandemic situation. Methods: In this study, we screened viral proteins of NiV strains based on pangenomics analysis, antigenicity, molecular weight, and sub-cellular localization. The immunoproteomics based approach was used to predict T-cell epitopes of MHC class-I and II as potential vaccine candidates. These epitopes are capable to activate CD4+, CD8+, and T-cell dependent B-lymphocytes. Results: The two surface proteins including fusion glycoprotein (F) and attachment glycoprotein (G) are antigenic with molecular weights of 60 kDa and 67 kDa respectively. Three epitopes of F protein (VNYNSEGIA, PNFILVRNT, and IKMIPNVSN) were ranked and selected based on the binding affinity with MHC class-I, and 3 epitopes (VILNKRYYS, ILVRNTLIS, and VKLQETAEK) with MHC-II molecules. Similarly, for G protein, 3 epitopes each for MHC-I (GKYDKVMPY, ILKPKLISY, and KNKIWCISL) and MHC-II (LRNIEKGKY, FLIDRINWI, and FLLKNKIWC) with substantial binding energies were predicted. Based on the physicochemical properties, all these epitopes are non-toxic, hydrophilic, and stable. Conclusion: Our vaccinomics and system-level investigation could help to trigger the host immune system to prevent NiV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Aun Muhammad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jinlei Guo
- School of Intelligent Medical Engineering, Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Komal Noor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Aymen Mustafa
- University of Health Sciences Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anam Amjad
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Baogang Bai
- School of Information and Technology, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Medicine, Wenzhou, China
- The 1st School of Medical, School of Information and Engineering, The 1st Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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13
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Lu M, Yao Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Gao G, Peng Y, Chen M, Zhao J, Zhang X, Yin C, Guo W, Yang P, Hu X, Rao J, Li E, Chen T, Chiu S, Wong G, Yuan Z, Lan J, Shan C. Both chimpanzee adenovirus-vectored and DNA vaccines induced long-term immunity against Nipah virus infection. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:170. [PMID: 37925490 PMCID: PMC10625554 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00762-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly lethal zoonotic paramyxovirus that poses a severe threat to humans due to its high morbidity and the lack of viable countermeasures. Vaccines are the most crucial defense against NiV infections. Here, a recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus-based vaccine (AdC68-G) and a DNA vaccine (DNA-G) were developed by expressing the codon-optimized full-length glycoprotein (G) of NiV. Strong and sustained neutralizing antibody production, accompanied by an effective T-cell response, was induced in BALB/c mice by intranasal or intramuscular administration of one or two doses of AdC68-G, as well as by priming with DNA-G and boosting with intramuscularly administered AdC68-G. Importantly, the neutralizing antibody titers were maintained for up to 68 weeks in the mice that received intramuscularly administered AdC68-G and the prime DNA-G/boost AdC68-G regimen, without a significant decline. Additionally, Syrian golden hamsters immunized with AdC68-G and DNA-G via homologous or heterologous prime/boost immunization were completely protected against a lethal NiV virus challenge, without any apparent weight loss, clinical signs, or pathological tissue damage. There was a significant reduction in but not a complete absence of the viral load and number of infectious particles in the lungs and spleen tissue following NiV challenge. These findings suggest that the AdC68-G and DNA-G vaccines against NiV infection are promising candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yanfeng Yao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Xuekai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hang Liu
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yun Peng
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Miaoyu Chen
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jiaxuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - XiaoYu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chunhong Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Peipei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Juhong Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Entao Li
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tong Chen
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Sandra Chiu
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Gary Wong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhiming Yuan
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Jiaming Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
- Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, 430200, China.
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14
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Debroy B, De A, Bhattacharya S, Pal K. In silico screening of herbal phytochemicals to develop a Rasayana for immunity against Nipah virus. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2023; 14:100825. [PMID: 38048723 PMCID: PMC10746367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first emergence of the Nipah virus (NiV) in 1998 from Malaysia became a major concern when it came to light and resurfaced on different occasions thereafter. NiV is a bat-borne zoonotic and pleomorphic virus that causes severe infection in human and animal hosts. Studies revealed fruit bats are the major reservoirs as natural hosts and pigs as intermediate hosts for the spread of this infection. This became a major concern as the disease was characterized by high pathogenicity varying from 40% to 80% depending on its acuteness. Moreover, the solemnity lies in the fact that the infection transcends from being a mere mild illness to an acute respiratory infection leading to fatal encephalitis with a reportedly high mortality rate. Currently, there is no treatment or vaccine available against the NiV. Many antiviral drugs have been explored and developed but with limited efficacy. METHODOLOGY In search of high-affinity ayurvedic alternatives, we conducted a pan-proteome in silico exploration of the NiV proteins for their interaction with the best-suited phytoconstituents. The toxicity prediction of thirty phytochemicals based on their LD50 value identified thirteen potential candidates. Molecular docking studies of those thirteen phytochemicals with five important NiV proteins identified Tanshinone I as the potential compound with a high binding affinity. RESULTS The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics studies also aided in determining the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity of the selected phytoconstituent. Interestingly, docking studies also revealed Rosmariquinone as a potent alternative to the antiviral drug Remdesivir binding the same pocket of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the NiV. A molecular dynamics simulation study of the surface glycoprotein of NiV against Tanshinone I showed a stable complex formation and significant allosteric changes in the protein structure, implying that these phytochemicals could be a natural alternative to synthetic drugs against NiV. CONCLUSION This study provides preliminary evidence based on in silico analysis that the herbal molecules showed an effect against NiV. However, it is essential to further evaluate the efficacy of this approach through cell-based experiments, organoid models, and eventually clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Debroy
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Arkajit De
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Somdatta Bhattacharya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700126, India; School of Biosciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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15
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Duprex WP, Dutch RE. Paramyxoviruses: Pathogenesis, Vaccines, Antivirals, and Prototypes for Pandemic Preparedness. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:S390-S397. [PMID: 37849400 PMCID: PMC11009463 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family includes established human pathogens such as measles virus, mumps virus, and the human parainfluenza viruses; highly lethal zoonotic pathogens such as Nipah virus; and a number of recently identified agents, such as Sosuga virus, which remain poorly understood. The high human-to-human transmission rate of paramyxoviruses such as measles virus, high case fatality rate associated with other family members such as Nipah virus, and the existence of poorly characterized zoonotic pathogens raise concern that known and unknown paramyxoviruses have significant pandemic potential. In this review, the general life cycle, taxonomic relationships, and viral pathogenesis are described for paramyxoviruses that cause both systemic and respiratory system-restricted infections. Next, key gaps in critical areas are presented, following detailed conversations with subject matter experts and based on the current literature. Finally, we present an assessment of potential prototype pathogen candidates that could be used as models to study this important virus family, including assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of each potential prototype.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rebecca Ellis Dutch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington
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16
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Garbuglia AR, Lapa D, Pauciullo S, Raoul H, Pannetier D. Nipah Virus: An Overview of the Current Status of Diagnostics and Their Role in Preparedness in Endemic Countries. Viruses 2023; 15:2062. [PMID: 37896839 PMCID: PMC10612039 DOI: 10.3390/v15102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus responsible for a high mortality rate zoonosis. As a result, it has been included in the list of Blueprint priority pathogens. Bats are the main reservoirs of the virus, and different clinical courses have been described in humans. The Bangladesh strain (NiV-B) is often associated with severe respiratory disease, whereas the Malaysian strain (NiV-M) is often associated with severe encephalitis. An early diagnosis of NiV infection is crucial to limit the outbreak and to provide appropriate care to the patient. Due to high specificity and sensitivity, qRT-PCR is currently considered to be the optimum method in acute NiV infection assessment. Nasal swabs, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and blood are used for RT-PCR testing. N gene represents the main target used in molecular assays. Different sensitivities have been observed depending on the platform used: real-time PCR showed a sensitivity of about 103 equivalent copies/reaction, SYBRGREEN technology's sensitivity was about 20 equivalent copies/reaction, and in multiple pathogen card arrays, the lowest limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 54 equivalent copies/reaction. An international standard for NiV is yet to be established, making it difficult to compare the sensitivity of the different methods. Serological assays are for the most part used in seroprevalence studies owing to their lower sensitivity in acute infection. Due to the high epidemic and pandemic potential of this virus, the diagnosis of NiV should be included in a more global One Health approach to improve surveillance and preparedness for the benefit of public health. Some steps need to be conducted in the diagnostic field in order to become more efficient in epidemic management, such as development of point-of-care (PoC) assays for the rapid diagnosis of NiV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rosa Garbuglia
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Daniele Lapa
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Silvia Pauciullo
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” (IRCCS), 00149 Rome, Italy; (D.L.); (S.P.)
| | - Hervé Raoul
- French National Agency for Research on AIDS—Emerging Infectious Diseases (ANRS MIE), Maladies Infectieuses Émergentes, 75015 Paris, France;
| | - Delphine Pannetier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Jean Mérieux BSL4 Laboratory, 69002 Lyon, France;
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17
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Pigeaud DD, Geisbert TW, Woolsey C. Animal Models for Henipavirus Research. Viruses 2023; 15:1980. [PMID: 37896758 PMCID: PMC10610982 DOI: 10.3390/v15101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) are zoonotic paramyxoviruses in the genus Henipavirus (HNV) that emerged nearly thirty years ago. Outbreaks of HeV and NiV have led to severe respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans and animals characterized by a high mortality rate. Despite the grave threat HNVs pose to public health and global biosecurity, no approved medical countermeasures for human use currently exist against HeV or NiV. To develop candidate vaccines and therapeutics and advance the field's understanding of HNV pathogenesis, animal models of HeV and NiV have been instrumental and remain indispensable. Various species, including rodents, ferrets, and nonhuman primates (NHPs), have been employed for HNV investigations. Among these, NHPs have demonstrated the closest resemblance to human HNV disease, although other animal models replicate some key disease features. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the currently available animal models (mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, ferrets, cats, dogs, nonhuman primates, horses, and swine) to support HNV research. We also discuss the strengths and limitations of each model for conducting pathogenesis and transmission studies on HeV and NiV and for the evaluation of medical countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan D. Pigeaud
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (D.D.P.); (T.W.G.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (D.D.P.); (T.W.G.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Courtney Woolsey
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (D.D.P.); (T.W.G.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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18
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Bloch KC, Glaser C, Gaston D, Venkatesan A. State of the Art: Acute Encephalitis. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:e14-e33. [PMID: 37485952 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Encephalitis is a devastating neurologic disease often complicated by prolonged neurologic deficits. Best practices for the management of adult patients include universal testing for a core group of etiologies, including herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1, varicella zoster virus (VZV), enteroviruses, West Nile virus, and anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) antibody encephalitis. Empiric acyclovir therapy should be started at presentation and in selected cases continued until a second HSV-1 polymerase chain reaction test is negative. Acyclovir dose can be increased for VZV encephalitis. Supportive care is necessary for other viral etiologies. Patients in whom no cause for encephalitis is identified represent a particular challenge. Management includes repeat brain magnetic resonance imaging, imaging for occult malignancy, and empiric immunomodulatory treatment for autoimmune conditions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) or brain biopsy should be considered. The rapid pace of discovery regarding autoimmune encephalitis and the development of advanced molecular tests such as NGS have improved diagnosis and outcomes. Research priorities include development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen C Bloch
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Carol Glaser
- California Department of Public Health, Richmond, California, USA
| | - David Gaston
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Arun Venkatesan
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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19
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Srivastava S, Kolbe M. Novel "GaEl Antigenic Patches" Identified by a "Reverse Epitomics" Approach to Design Multipatch Vaccines against NIPAH Infection, a Silent Threat to Global Human Health. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:31698-31713. [PMID: 37692250 PMCID: PMC10483669 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus that causes lethal encephalitis and respiratory disease with the symptom of endothelial cell-cell fusion. Several NiV outbreaks have been reported since 1999 with nearly annual occurrences in Bangladesh. The outbreaks had high mortality rates ranging from 40 to 90%. No specific vaccine has yet been reported against NiV. Recently, several vaccine candidates and different designs of vaccines composed of epitopes against NiV were proposed. Most of the vaccines target single protein or protein complex subunits of the pathogen. The multiepitope vaccines proposed also cover a largely limited number of epitopes, and hence, their efficiency is still uncertain. To address the urgent need for a specific and effective vaccine against NiV infection, in the present study, we have utilized the "reverse epitomics" approach ("overlapping-epitope-clusters-to-patches" method) to identify "antigenic patches" (Ag-Patches) and utilize them as immunogenic composition for multipatch vaccine (MPV) design. The designed MPVs were analyzed for immunologically crucial parameters, physiochemical properties, and interaction with Toll-like receptor 3 ectodomain. In total, 30 CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) and 27 HTL (helper T lymphocyte) antigenic patches were identified from the entire NiV proteome based on the clusters of overlapping epitopes. These identified Ag-Patches cover a total of discrete 362 CTL and 414 HTL epitopes from the entire proteome of NiV. The antigenic patches were utilized as immunogenic composition for the design of two CTL and two HTL multipatch vaccines. The 57 antigenic patches utilized here cover 776 overlapping epitopes targeting 52 different HLA class I and II alleles, providing a global ethnically distributed human population coverage of 99.71%. Such large number of epitope coverage resulting in large human population coverage cannot be reached with single-protein/subunit or multiepitope based vaccines. The reported antigenic patches also provide potential immunogenic composition for early detection diagnostic kits for NiV infection. Further, all the MPVs and Toll-like receptor ectodomain complexes show a stable nature of molecular interaction with numerous hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and nonbounded contact formation and acceptable root mean square deviation and fluctuation. The cDNA analysis shows a favorable large-scale expression of the MPV constructs in a human cell line. By utilizing the novel "reverse epitomics" approach, highly immunogenic novel "GaEl antigenic patches" (GaEl Ag-Patches), a synonym term for "antigenic patches", were identified and utilized as immunogenic composition to design four MPVs against NiV. We conclude that the novel multipatch vaccines are potential candidates to combat NiV, with greater effectiveness, high specificity, and large human population coverage worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukrit Srivastava
- Infection
Biology Group, Indian Foundation for Fundamental
Research Trust, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh 229316, India
- Department
for Structural Infection Biology, Centre
for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) & Helmholtz-Centre for Infection
Research, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kolbe
- Department
for Structural Infection Biology, Centre
for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB) & Helmholtz-Centre for Infection
Research, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty
of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, University of Hamburg, Rothenbaumchaussee 19, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Sessions Z, Bobrowski T, Martin HJ, Beasley JMT, Kothari A, Phares T, Li M, Alves VM, Scotti MT, Moorman NJ, Baric R, Tropsha A, Muratov EN. Praemonitus praemunitus: can we forecast and prepare for future viral disease outbreaks? FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuad048. [PMID: 37596064 PMCID: PMC10532129 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origins of past and present viral epidemics is critical in preparing for future outbreaks. Many viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, have led to significant consequences not only due to their virulence, but also because we were unprepared for their emergence. We need to learn from large amounts of data accumulated from well-studied, past pandemics and employ modern informatics and therapeutic development technologies to forecast future pandemics and help minimize their potential impacts. While acknowledging the complexity and difficulties associated with establishing reliable outbreak predictions, herein we provide a perspective on the regions of the world that are most likely to be impacted by future outbreaks. We specifically focus on viruses with epidemic potential, namely SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, DENV, ZIKV, MAYV, LASV, noroviruses, influenza, Nipah virus, hantaviruses, Oropouche virus, MARV, and Ebola virus, which all require attention from both the public and scientific community to avoid societal catastrophes like COVID-19. Based on our literature review, data analysis, and outbreak simulations, we posit that these future viral epidemics are unavoidable, but that their societal impacts can be minimized by strategic investment into basic virology research, epidemiological studies of neglected viral diseases, and antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Sessions
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Tesia Bobrowski
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Holli-Joi Martin
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Jon-Michael T Beasley
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Aneri Kothari
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Trevor Phares
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 S Brook St, Louisville, KY 40208, United States
| | - Michael Li
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Vinicius M Alves
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Marcus T Scotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, Campus I Lot. Cidade Universitaria, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Nathaniel J Moorman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, 401 Pittsboro St, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Alexander Tropsha
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Eugene N Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, 301 Pharmacy Ln, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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21
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Barua S, Dénes A. Global dynamics of a compartmental model for the spread of Nipah virus. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19682. [PMID: 37809375 PMCID: PMC10558937 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus, which originated in South-East Asia is a bat-borne virus causing Nipah virus infection in humans. This emerging infectious disease has become one of the most alarming threats to public health due to its periodic outbreaks and extremely high mortality rate. We establish and study a novel SIRS model to describe the dynamics of Nipah virus transmission, considering human-to-human as well as zoonotic transmission from bats and pigs as well as loss of immunity. We determine the basic reproduction number which can be obtained as the maximum of three threshold parameters corresponding to various ways of disease transmission and determining in which of the three species the disease becomes endemic. By constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions, we completely describe the global dynamics of our model depending on these threshold parameters. Numerical simulations are shown to support our theoretical results and assess the effect of various intervention measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Barua
- Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
| | - Attila Dénes
- National Laboratory for Health Security, Bolyai Institute, University of Szeged, Aradi vértanúk tere 1., Szeged, 6720, Hungary
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22
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Orosco FL. Advancing the frontiers: Revolutionary control and prevention paradigms against Nipah virus. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1056-1070. [PMID: 37842102 PMCID: PMC10576574 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i9.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah Virus (NiV) is a highly virulent pathogen that poses a significant threat to human and animal populations. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest control and prevention strategies against NiV, focusing on vaccine development, antiviral drug discovery, early diagnosis, surveillance, and high-level biosecurity measures. Advancements in vaccine research, including live-attenuated vaccines, virus-like particles, and mRNA-based vaccines, hold promise for preventing NiV infections. In addition, antiviral drugs, such as remdesivir, ribavirin, and favipiravir, have the potential to inhibit NiV replication. Early diagnosis through molecular and serological assays, immunohistochemistry, and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction plays a crucial role in timely detection. Surveillance efforts encompassing cluster-based and case-based systems enhance outbreak identification and provide valuable insights into transmission dynamics. Furthermore, the implementation of high-level biosecurity measures in agriculture, livestock practices, and healthcare settings is essential to minimize transmission risks. Collaboration among researchers, public health agencies, and policymakers is pivotal in refining and implementing these strategies to effectively control and prevent NiV outbreaks and safeguard public health on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredmoore L. Orosco
- Virology and Vaccine Institute of the Philippines Program, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines
- S&T Fellows Program, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines
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23
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Joshi J, Shah Y, Pandey K, Ojha RP, Joshi CR, Bhatt LR, Dumre SP, Acharya PR, Joshi HR, Rimal S, Shahi R, Pokharel D, Khadka KS, Dahal B, Nepal S, Dhami RS, Pant KP, Basnet R, Pandey BD. Possible high risk of transmission of the Nipah virus in South and South East Asia: a review. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:44. [PMID: 37559114 PMCID: PMC10413696 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic, single-stranded RNA virus from the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. NiV is a biosafety-level-4 pathogen that is mostly spread by Pteropus species, which serve as its natural reservoir host. NiV is one of the major public health challenges in South and South East Asia. However, few molecular studies have been conducted to characterise NiV in a specific region. The main objective of this review is to understand the epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular surveillance, transmission dynamics, genetic diversity, reservoir host, clinical characteristics, and phylogenetics of NiV. South and South East Asian nations have experienced NiV outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that two primary clades of NiV are in circulation. In humans, NiV causes severe respiratory illness and/or deadly encephalitis. NiV is mainly diagnosed by ELISA along with PCR. Therefore, we recommend that the governments of the region support the One Health approach to reducing the risk of zoonotic disease transmission in their respective countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish Joshi
- Health Directorate, Doti, Rajpur, Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal.
| | - Yogendra Shah
- Province Public Health Laboratory, Rajpur, Kailali, Nepal.
| | - Kishor Pandey
- Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | | | - Chet Raj Joshi
- Ministry of Social Development, Kailali, Dhangadhi, Sudaurpaschim Province, Nepal
| | - Lok Raj Bhatt
- Province Public Health Laboratory, Rajpur, Kailali, Nepal
| | | | - Pushpa Raj Acharya
- Central Campus of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Mid-West, University, Surkhet, Nepal
| | - Hem Raj Joshi
- Health Directorate, Doti, Rajpur, Sudurpaschim Province, Nepal
| | - Shikha Rimal
- Himalayan College of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (HICAST), Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Shahi
- Seti Provincial Hospital, Kailali, Dhangadhi, Nepal
| | - Deepak Pokharel
- Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kamal Singh Khadka
- Department of Microbiology, Janapriya Multiple Campus, Kaski, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Bimal Dahal
- Department of Microbiology, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Saroj Nepal
- Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ram Singh Dhami
- Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Rajdip Basnet
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Basu Dev Pandey
- Everest International Clinic and Research Center, Kathmandu, Nepal.
- DEJIMA Infectious Disease Research Alliance, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
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24
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Bardhan M, Ray I, Roy S, Bhatt P, Patel S, Asri S, Shariff S, Shree A, Mitra S, Roy P, Anand A. Emerging zoonotic diseases and COVID-19 pandemic: global Perspective and Indian Scenario. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:3997-4004. [PMID: 37554903 PMCID: PMC10406085 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is one example of the scores of zoonotic diseases responsible for various outbreaks resulting in the deaths of millions of people for centuries. The COVID-19 pandemic has broken the age-old healthcare infrastructure and led to utter chaos. In the shadow of this pandemic, other zoonotic infections like the nipah virus, monkeypox, and langya virus, to name a few, have been neglected. Hence, outbreaks caused by such zoonotic viruses are rising in their endemic areas, like the Indian subcontinent. The mortality and morbidity due to such zoonoses are greater than usual due to the shortage of healthcare professionals caused by the COVID-19 crisis. Due to the lack of vaccines and therapeutics directed against this viral infection, treatment of patients is limited to supportive management and prevention, making preparedness for these potential zoonotic viral outbreaks essential. This paper highlights some of these zoonotic infections, which perpetuated and wreaked havoc while the world was occupied with containing the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bardhan
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi
- Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health, South Florida, USA
| | - Ishita Ray
- Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College, Indore
| | | | | | | | - Sucharu Asri
- SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Haryana
| | | | - Anagha Shree
- SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Haryana
| | - Saloni Mitra
- OO Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Priyanka Roy
- Department of Labor, Government of West Bengal, Kolkatta, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayush Anand
- B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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25
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de Wit E, Williamson BN, Feldmann F, Goldin K, Lo MK, Okumura A, Lovaglio J, Bunyan E, Porter DP, Cihlar T, Saturday G, Spiropoulou CF, Feldmann H. Late remdesivir treatment initiation partially protects African green monkeys from lethal Nipah virus infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 216:105658. [PMID: 37356729 PMCID: PMC10529221 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Remdesivir is a nucleotide prodrug with preclinical efficacy against lethal Nipah virus infection in African green monkeys when administered 1 day post inoculation (dpi) (Lo et al., 2019). Here, we determined whether remdesivir treatment was still effective when treatment administration initiation was delayed until 3 dpi. Three groups of six African green monkeys were inoculated with a lethal dose of Nipah virus, genotype Bangladesh. On 3 dpi, one group received a loading dose of 10 mg/kg remdesivir followed by daily dosing with 5 mg/kg for 11 days, one group received 10 mg/kg on 12 consecutive days, and the remaining group received an equivalent volume of vehicle solution. Remdesivir treatment initiation on 3 dpi provided partial protection from severe Nipah virus disease that was dose dependent, with 67% of animals in the high dose group surviving the challenge. However, remdesivir treatment did not prevent clinical disease, and surviving animals showed histologic lesions in the brain. Thus, early administration seems critical for effective remdesivir treatment during Nipah virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kerry Goldin
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Michael K Lo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | | | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
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26
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Nazmunnahar, Ahmed I, Roknuzzaman ASM, Islam MR. The recent Nipah virus outbreak in Bangladesh could be a threat for global public health: A brief report. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1423. [PMID: 37448729 PMCID: PMC10336337 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Nipah virus is a zoonotic infection that can potentially be transmitted from person to person as well as through ingesting contaminated food. It has a high fatality rate, and no treatment or cure at present. Several nations in South Asia have reported Nipah virus outbreaks occurred during a particular season of the year. Since it was first found in Bangladesh in 2001, there have been a total of 335 people infected with it, and 237 of those people have passed away as a result of their infection. With increased public awareness, community engagement, and preventative measures, this potentially fatal virus has been suppressed. Yet, following a pandemic and a considerable increase in the health burden, the transmission rate continuously increased over a few years, indicating that there is a growing possibility to become a global public health concern. Without effective vaccines and reliable treatment options, its capacity for human-to-human transmission and potential to spread throughout the area could result in a disastrous public health emergency worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmunnahar
- Department of Sociology, Eden Women's CollegeNational University BangladeshGazipurBangladesh
| | - Iftekhar Ahmed
- Department of PharmacyUniversity of Asia PacificDhakaBangladesh
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27
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Rababi D, Nag A. Evaluation of therapeutic potentials of selected phytochemicals against Nipah virus, a multi-dimensional in silico study. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:174. [PMID: 37180429 PMCID: PMC10170460 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study attempted to evaluate the potential of fifty-three (53) natural compounds as Nipah virus attachment glycoprotein (NiV G) inhibitors through in silico molecular docking study. Pharmacophore alignment of the four (4) selected compounds (Naringin, Mulberrofuran B, Rutin and Quercetin 3-galactoside) through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that common pharmacophores, namely four H bond acceptors, one H bond donor and two aromatic groups were responsible for the residual interaction with the target protein. Out of these four compounds, Naringin was found to have the highest inhibitory potential ( - 9.19 kcal mol-1) against the target protein NiV G, when compared to the control drug, Ribavirin ( - 6.95 kcal mol-1). The molecular dynamic simulation revealed that Naringin could make a stable complex with the target protein in the near-native physiological condition. Finally, MM-PBSA (Molecular Mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann Solvent-Accessible Surface Area) analysis in agreement with our molecular docking result, showed that Naringin ( - 218.664 kJ mol-1) could strongly bind with the target protein NiV G than the control drug Ribavirin ( - 83.812 kJ mol-1). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03595-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Rababi
- Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore Central Campus, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
| | - Anish Nag
- Department of Life Sciences, Bangalore Central Campus, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, India
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28
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Donnelly CM, Vogel OA, Edwards MR, Taylor PE, Roby JA, Forwood JK, Basler CF. Henipavirus Matrix Protein Employs a Non-Classical Nuclear Localization Signal Binding Mechanism. Viruses 2023; 15:1302. [PMID: 37376602 DOI: 10.3390/v15061302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) and Hendra virus (HeV) are highly pathogenic species from the Henipavirus genus within the paramyxovirus family and are harbored by Pteropus Flying Fox species. Henipaviruses cause severe respiratory disease, neural symptoms, and encephalitis in various animals and humans, with human mortality rates exceeding 70% in some NiV outbreaks. The henipavirus matrix protein (M), which drives viral assembly and budding of the virion, also performs non-structural functions as a type I interferon antagonist. Interestingly, M also undergoes nuclear trafficking that mediates critical monoubiquitination for downstream cell sorting, membrane association, and budding processes. Based on the NiV and HeV M X-ray crystal structures and cell-based assays, M possesses a putative monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) (residues 82KRKKIR87; NLS1 HeV), positioned on an exposed flexible loop and typical of how many NLSs bind importin alpha (IMPα), and a putative bipartite NLS (244RR-10X-KRK258; NLS2 HeV), positioned within an α-helix that is far less typical. Here, we employed X-ray crystallography to determine the binding interface of these M NLSs and IMPα. The interaction of both NLS peptides with IMPα was established, with NLS1 binding the IMPα major binding site, and NLS2 binding as a non-classical NLS to the minor site. Co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and immunofluorescence assays (IFA) confirm the critical role of NLS2, and specifically K258. Additionally, localization studies demonstrated a supportive role for NLS1 in M nuclear localization. These studies provide additional insight into the critical mechanisms of M nucleocytoplasmic transport, the study of which can provide a greater understanding of viral pathogenesis and uncover a potential target for novel therapeutics for henipaviral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla M Donnelly
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Olivia A Vogel
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Megan R Edwards
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Paige E Taylor
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Justin A Roby
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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29
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Luo X, Wang C, Huang Y, Cong S, Tan J, Hou W, Ma F, Zheng L. Establishment of a neutralization assay for Nipah virus using a high-titer pseudovirus system. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:489-498. [PMID: 36680637 PMCID: PMC9860241 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct a high-titer Nipah pseudovirus packaging system using the HIV lentivirus backbone vector and establish a safe neutralization assay for Nipah pseudovirus in biosafety level 2 facilities. METHODS Nipah virus (NiV) fusion protein (F) and glycoprotein (G) recombinant expression plasmids, psPAX2, and pLenti CMV Puro LUC (w168-1) were transiently transfected into 293T cells for 72 h for the generation of a NiV pseudovirus. The neutralization ability of Nipah virus F and G protein antibodies was assessed using the pseudovirus. RESULTS A NiV pseudovirus was constructed using 293T cells. The ideal mass ratio of plasmid psPAX2: w168-1: F: G for transfection was determined to be 4:4:1:1. The specificity of recombinant F and G protein expression was indicated by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting. The pseudovirus particles showed obvious spikes under a transmission electron microscope. The NiV pseudovirus titer was 4.73 × 105 median tissue culture infective dose per mL, and the pseudovirus could be effectively neutralized by polyclonal antibodies specifically targeting the F and G proteins respectively. CONCLUSIONS A NiV pseudovirus was successfully generated using HIV vector systems, and was used as a platform for a safe and reliable pseudovirus-based neutralizing assay that can be performed in biosafety level 2 facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Luo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Chao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Shanshan Cong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wenzhe Hou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Fenlian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China.
| | - Lishu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, 100052, China.
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Chemarin M, Chenel A, Knoche A. [Nipah and measles ARN viruses trigger an alternative signaling pathway: cGAS-STING]. Med Sci (Paris) 2023; 39:395-397. [PMID: 37094276 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2023047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marlène Chemarin
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, département de biologie, Master Biosciences Santé, Lyon, France - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, faculté de médecine Lyon Est, Lyon, France
| | - Antonin Chenel
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, département de biologie, Master Biosciences, Lyon, France
| | - Albane Knoche
- École normale supérieure de Lyon, département de biologie, Master Biosciences, Lyon, France - École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, faculté des sciences de la vie, Master Ingénierie des sciences du vivant, Lausanne, Suisse
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31
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Byrne PO, Fisher BE, Ambrozak DR, Blade EG, Tsybovsky Y, Graham BS, McLellan JS, Loomis RJ. Structural basis for antibody recognition of vulnerable epitopes on Nipah virus F protein. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1494. [PMID: 36932063 PMCID: PMC10021056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36995-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a pathogenic paramyxovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in humans. Two envelope glycoproteins, the attachment protein (G/RBP) and fusion protein (F), facilitate entry into host cells. Due to its vital role, NiV F presents an attractive target for developing vaccines and therapeutics. Several neutralization-sensitive epitopes on the NiV F apex have been described, however the antigenicity of most of the F protein's surface remains uncharacterized. Here, we immunize mice with prefusion-stabilized NiV F and isolate ten monoclonal antibodies that neutralize pseudotyped virus. Cryo-electron microscopy reveals eight neutralization-sensitive epitopes on NiV F, four of which have not previously been described. Novel sites span the lateral and basal faces of NiV F, expanding the known library of vulnerable epitopes. Seven of ten antibodies bind the Hendra virus (HeV) F protein. Multiple sequence alignment suggests that some of these newly identified neutralizing antibodies may also bind F proteins across the Henipavirus genus. This work identifies new epitopes as targets for therapeutics, provides a molecular basis for NiV neutralization, and lays a foundation for development of new cross-reactive antibodies targeting Henipavirus F proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O Byrne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Brian E Fisher
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David R Ambrozak
- Immunology Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Blade
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yaroslav Tsybovsky
- Vaccine Research Center Electron Microscopy Unit, Cancer Research Technology Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, 21701, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Barney S Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Morehouse School of Medicine, 30310, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Rebecca J Loomis
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 20892, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- GSK Global Health R&D Vaccines (GVGH), 53100, Siena, Italy.
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Kirichenko A, Bryushkova E, Dedkov V, Dolgova A. A Novel DNAzyme-Based Fluorescent Biosensor for Detection of RNA-Containing Nipah Henipavirus. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:252. [PMID: 36832018 PMCID: PMC9954549 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic RNA virus which infects humans and animals in Asian countries. Infection in humans occurs in different forms, from asymptomatic infection to fatal encephalitis, and death occurred in 40-70% of those infected in outbreaks that occurred between 1998 and 2018. Modern diagnostics is carried out by real-time PCR to identify pathogens or by ELISA to detect antibodies. Both technologies are labor-intensive and require the use of expensive stationary equipment. Thus, there is a need to develop alternative simple, fast and accurate test systems for virus detection. The aim of this study was to develop a highly specific and easily standardized system for the detection of Nipah virus RNA. In our work, we have developed a design for a Dz_NiV biosensor based on a split catalytic core of deoxyribozyme 10-23. It was shown that the assembly of active 10-23 DNAzymes occurred only in the presence of synthetic target Nipah virus RNA and that this was accompanied by stable fluorescence signals from the cleaved fluorescent substrates. This process was realized at 37 °C, pH 7.5, and in the presence of magnesium ions, with a 10 nM limit of detection achieved for the synthetic target RNA. Constructed via a simple and easily modifiable process, our biosensor may be used for the detection of other RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ekaterina Bryushkova
- Faculty of Molecular Biology, Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov, 188512 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Dedkov
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna Dolgova
- Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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Rangacharya O, Parab A, Adkine S, Nagargoje R. A study on the design of an in silico self-amplifying mRNA vaccine against Nipah virus using immunoinformatics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:12777-12788. [PMID: 36744525 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2175256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community continues to be impressed with RNA-based vaccines with great efficacy, quick synthesis and speed-to-market. The traditional vaccine may require large doses or repeat injections to achieve an expression for protection against the virus; the self-amplifying mRNA vaccine addresses this limitation. Therefore, a thorough examination of the most antigenic component of the Nipah virus was carried out to design the coding sequence of an antigen, which will provoke a virus-specific immune response. After that, we predicted and evaluated epitopes from NiV G-protein. We employed 8 HTL, 2 CTL and 3 B-cell epitopes. The study of structural compatibility was done by performing docking between HLA alleles and epitopes to get insights into the immune response of epitopes. The entire peptide coding sequence of an antigen was linked using a linker to design the structure of the vaccine. Physicochemical parameters of the designed vaccine constructs were assessed using a protparam server. Later, the vaccine sequence was converted into cDNA. We inserted a gene-expressing replicase at the start of a coding sequence for self-amplification. Next, to formulate the final version of vaccine signal sequences were added. Based on these findings, this mRNA vaccine appears to be a promising option against the Nipah virus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Rangacharya
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Avanti Parab
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Shrikant Adkine
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Rahul Nagargoje
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
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Ang BSP, Umapathi T, Lim T. The Changing Epidemiology of Central Nervous System Infection. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2023; 33:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhao J, Dellicour S, Yan Z, Veit M, Gill MS, He WT, Zhai X, Ji X, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Su S. Early Genomic Surveillance and Phylogeographic Analysis of Getah Virus, a Reemerging Arbovirus, in Livestock in China. J Virol 2023; 97:e0109122. [PMID: 36475767 PMCID: PMC9888209 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01091-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Getah virus (GETV) mainly causes disease in livestock and may pose an epidemic risk due to its expanding host range and the potential of long-distance dispersal through animal trade. Here, we used metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) to identify GETV as the pathogen responsible for reemerging swine disease in China and subsequently estimated key epidemiological parameters using phylodynamic and spatially-explicit phylogeographic approaches. The GETV isolates were able to replicate in a variety of cell lines, including human cells, and showed high pathogenicity in a mouse model, suggesting the potential for more mammal hosts. We obtained 16 complete genomes and 79 E2 gene sequences from viral strains collected in China from 2016 to 2021 through large-scale surveillance among livestock, pets, and mosquitoes. Our phylogenetic analysis revealed that three major GETV lineages are responsible for the current epidemic in livestock in China. We identified three potential positively selected sites and mutations of interest in E2, which may impact the transmissibility and pathogenicity of the virus. Phylodynamic inference of the GETV demographic dynamics identified an association between livestock meat consumption and the evolution of viral genetic diversity. Finally, phylogeographic reconstruction of GETV dispersal indicated that the sampled lineages have preferentially circulated within areas associated with relatively higher mean annual temperature and pig population density. Our results highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of GETV among livestock in southern Chinese regions associated with relatively high temperatures. IMPORTANCE Although livestock is known to be the primary reservoir of Getah virus (GETV) in Asian countries, where identification is largely based on serology, the evolutionary history and spatial epidemiology of GETV in these regions remain largely unknown. Through our sequencing efforts, we provided robust support for lineage delineation of GETV and identified three major lineages that are responsible for the current epidemic in livestock in China. We further analyzed genomic and epidemiological data to reconstruct the recent demographic and dispersal history of GETV in domestic animals in China and to explore the impact of environmental factors on its genetic diversity and its diffusion. Notably, except for livestock meat consumption, other pig-related factors such as the evolution of live pig transport and pork production do not show a significant association with the evolution of viral genetic diversity, pointing out that further studies should investigate the potential contribution of other host species to the GETV outbreak. Our analysis of GETV demonstrates the need for wider animal species surveillance and provides a baseline for future studies of the molecular epidemiology and early warning of emerging arboviruses in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ziqing Yan
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Michael Veit
- Institute for Virology, Center for Infection Medicine, Veterinary Faculty, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mandev S. Gill
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Wan-Ting He
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Xiaofeng Zhai
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science & Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marc A. Suchard
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Philippe Lemey
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shuo Su
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya, China
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The C-Terminal 300 Amino Acid Residues of the G Protein and Putative Open Reading Frame X of the G Gene of Tailam Paramyxovirus (TlmPV) Are Not Required for Replication in Tissue Culture Cells. J Virol 2023; 97:e0180222. [PMID: 36521070 PMCID: PMC9888184 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01802-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailam paramyxovirus (TlmPV) was identified in Sikkim Rats in Hong Kong, China in 2011. Its negative sense RNA genome is similar to J paramyxovirus (JPV) and Beilong paramyxovirus (BeiPV), the prototypes of the recently established genus Jeilongvirus. TlmPV genome is predicted to have eight genes in the order 3'-N-P/V/C-M-F-SH-TM-G/X-L-5'. The predicted size of the TlmPV G protein is 1,052 amino acid (aa) residues and much larger than G proteins of typical paramyxoviruses, which are often less than 800 aa. In addition to G open reading frame (ORF) in the G gene, another ORF, termed ORF-X exists in the G gene transcript. Similar ORF-X exists in JPV and BeiPV G gene, but their expression in virus-infected cells has not been confirmed. In this study, we generated infectious TlmPV using a newly developed reverse genetics system. We have found that the G protein of TlmPV is truncated in cultured cells: stop codons emerged in the G open reading frame, resulting in deletions of amino acid residues beyond residue 732. We have obtained infectious TlmPV lacking the C-terminal 307 aa (rTlmPV-G745) and TlmPV lacking the C-terminal 306 aa and the ORF-X (rTlmPV-GΔ746-X). The recombinant TlmPVs lacking the C-terminal 300 aa reach a higher peak viral titer and have improved genome stability in tissue cultured cells. The work indicates that the C-terminal of the G protein of TlmPV and ORF-X are not required for replication in tissue culture cells, and the deletion of the C-terminal confers a growth advantage in tissue culture cells. IMPORTANCE TlmPV is a member of the recently established genus Jeilongvirus. TlmPV encodes a large G protein and its G gene contains ORF-X. In this work, infectious TlmPV was recovered using reverse genetics. Using this system, we have demonstrated that 300 aa of C-terminal of G and the ORF-X are not required for viral replication in tissue culture cells.
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de Wit E, Feldmann F, Cronin J, Goldin K, Mercado-Hernandez R, Williamson BN, Meade-White K, Okumura A, Callison J, Weatherman S, Rosenke R, Avanzato VA, Lovaglio J, Scott DP, Marzi A, Feldmann H. Distinct VSV-based Nipah virus vaccines expressing either glycoprotein G or fusion protein F provide homologous and heterologous protection in a nonhuman primate model. EBioMedicine 2023; 87:104405. [PMID: 36508878 PMCID: PMC9763366 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nipah virus (NiV) causes recurrent outbreaks of lethal respiratory and neurological disease in Southeast Asia. The World Health Organization considers the development of an effective vaccine against NiV a priority. METHODS We produced two NiV vaccine candidates using the licensed VSV-EBOV vaccine as a backbone and tested its efficacy against lethal homologous and heterologous NiV challenge with Nipah virus Bangladesh and Nipah virus Malaysia, respectively, in the African green monkey model. FINDINGS The VSV-EBOV vaccine expressing NiV glycoprotein G (VSV-NiVG) induced high neutralising antibody titers and afforded complete protection from homologous and heterologous challenge. The VSV-EBOV vaccine expressing NiV fusion protein F (VSV-NiVF) induced a lower humoral response and afforded complete homologous protection, but only partial heterologous protection. Both vaccines reduced virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract, and virus replication in the lungs and central nervous system. None of the protected animals vaccinated with VSV-NiVG or VSV-NiVF showed histological lesions in the CNS, but one VSV-NiVF-vaccinated animal that was not protected developed severe meningoencephalitis. INTERPRETATION The VSV-NiVG vaccine offers broad protection against NiV disease. FUNDING This study was supported by the Intramural Research Program, NIAID, NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Jacqueline Cronin
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Kerry Goldin
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Reinaldo Mercado-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Kimberly Meade-White
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Julie Callison
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Sarah Weatherman
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Victoria A Avanzato
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Dana P Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
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Escudero-Pérez B, Lawrence P, Castillo-Olivares J. Immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Nipah virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156758. [PMID: 37153606 PMCID: PMC10158532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlates of protection (CoP) are biological parameters that predict a certain level of protection against an infectious disease. Well-established correlates of protection facilitate the development and licensing of vaccines by assessing protective efficacy without the need to expose clinical trial participants to the infectious agent against which the vaccine aims to protect. Despite the fact that viruses have many features in common, correlates of protection can vary considerably amongst the same virus family and even amongst a same virus depending on the infection phase that is under consideration. Moreover, the complex interplay between the various immune cell populations that interact during infection and the high degree of genetic variation of certain pathogens, renders the identification of immune correlates of protection difficult. Some emerging and re-emerging viruses of high consequence for public health such as SARS-CoV-2, Nipah virus (NiV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) are especially challenging with regards to the identification of CoP since these pathogens have been shown to dysregulate the immune response during infection. Whereas, virus neutralising antibodies and polyfunctional T-cell responses have been shown to correlate with certain levels of protection against SARS-CoV-2, EBOV and NiV, other effector mechanisms of immunity play important roles in shaping the immune response against these pathogens, which in turn might serve as alternative correlates of protection. This review describes the different components of the adaptive and innate immune system that are activated during SARS-CoV-2, EBOV and NiV infections and that may contribute to protection and virus clearance. Overall, we highlight the immune signatures that are associated with protection against these pathogens in humans and could be used as CoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Escudero-Pérez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Reims, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, ; Javier Castillo-Olivares,
| | - Philip Lawrence
- CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy), Lyon, France
| | - Javier Castillo-Olivares
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, ; Javier Castillo-Olivares,
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Elvert M, Sauerhering L, Heiner A, Maisner A. Isolation of Primary Porcine Bronchial Epithelial Cells for Nipah Virus Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2682:103-120. [PMID: 37610577 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3283-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The Malaysian strain of Nipah virus (NiV) first emerged in 1998/99 and caused a major disease outbreak in pigs and humans. While humans developed fatal encephalitis due to a prominent infection of brain microvessels, NiV-infected pigs mostly suffered from an acute respiratory disease and efficiently spread the infection via airway secretions. To elucidate the molecular basis of the highly productive NiV replication in porcine airways in vitro, physiologically relevant cell models that have maintained functional characteristics of airway epithelia in vivo are needed. Here, we describe in detail the method of isolating bronchial epithelial cells (PBEpC) from pig lungs that can be used for NiV infection studies. After the dissection of primary bronchia and removal of the mucus and protease digestion, bronchi segments are cut open and epithelial cells are scraped off and seeded on collagen-coated cell culture flasks. With this method, it is possible to isolate about 2 × 106 primary cells from the primary bronchi of one pig lung which can be cryopreserved or further subcultured. PBEpC form polarized monolayers on Transwell membrane inserts as controlled by immunostainings of epithelial marker proteins. NiV infection causes rapid formation of syncytia, allowing productive NiV infections in living PBEpC cultures to be monitored by phase-contrast microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareike Elvert
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Sauerhering
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Maisner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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40
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Urmi TJ, Dewan SMR, Rahman JM, Sharmin SN, Hassan MM. Development of Preventive Measures and Treatment Strategies Against Nipah Virus is a Timely Need: Bangladeshi Perspective. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2023; 16:2632010X231183314. [PMID: 37360520 PMCID: PMC10286195 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x231183314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral epidemics of variable frequency and severity have wreaked havoc and panic across the world. The Nipah virus (NiV), which has been linked to multiple outbreaks, mostly in South and Southeast Asia, is regarded as one of the deadliest in the world. In Bangladesh, seasonal outbreaks of encephalitis caused by the NiV have occurred annually since 2003. In particular, NiV has numerous characteristics that highlight its potential as a pandemic danger, such as its human-to-human transmission capability and its propensity to infect humans directly from natural reservoirs and/or from other animals. Numerous types of research investigate the pathophysiology and viral mechanisms of disease progression. The NiV and its disease have been studied thoroughly but attempts to implement preventive techniques have met cultural and social obstacles. This review highlights the NiV outbreaks, and its present status, the preventative and control measures implemented, the potential causes of the outbreaks in Bangladesh, and the precautions that must be taken by both government and nongovernment entities to contain the outbreaks and assure a future with fewer or no occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taslima Jamal Urmi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Jannatul Mabia Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Nusrat Sharmin
- Department of Civil Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Mirpur Cantonment, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mahadi Hassan
- Department of Obstetrics and Reproductive Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bruno L, Nappo MA, Ferrari L, Di Lecce R, Guarnieri C, Cantoni AM, Corradi A. Nipah Virus Disease: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic and Legislative Aspects of This Unpredictable Emerging Zoonosis. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010159. [PMID: 36611767 PMCID: PMC9817766 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) infection is a viral disease caused by a Henipavirus, belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family, responsible for a zoonosis. The course of the disease can be very serious and lead to death. NiV natural hosts are fruit bats (also known as megabats) belonging to the Pteropodidae family, especially those of the Pteropus genus. Natural infection in domestic animals has been described in farming pigs, horses, domestic and feral dogs and cats. Natural NiV transmission is possible intra-species (pig-to-pig, human-to-human) and inter-species (flying bat-to-human, pig-to-human, horse-to-human). The infection can be spread by humans or animals in different ways. It is peculiar how the viral transmission modes among different hosts also change depending on the geographical area for different reasons, including different breeding methods, eating habits and the recently identified genetic traits/molecular features of main virus proteins related to virulence. Outbreaks have been described in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines with, in some cases, severe respiratory and neurological disease and high mortality in both humans and pigs. Diagnosis can be made using different methods including serological, molecular, virological and immunohistochemical methods. The cornerstones for control of the disease are biosecurity (via the correct management of reservoir and intermediate/amplifying hosts) and potential vaccines which are still under development. However, the evaluation of the potential influence of climate and anthropogenic changes on the NiV reservoir bats and their habitat as well as on disease spread and inter-specific infections is of great importance. Bats, as natural reservoirs of the virus, are responsible for the viral spread and, therefore, for the outbreaks of the disease in humans and animals. Due to the worldwide distribution of bats, potential new reports and spillovers are not to be dismissed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bruno
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (A.S.L.) Napoli 3 Sud, 80053 Castellammare di Stabia, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Maria Anna Nappo
- Department of Prevention, Azienda Sanitaria Locale (A.S.L.) Napoli 3 Sud, 80053 Castellammare di Stabia, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Rosanna Di Lecce
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Guarnieri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cantoni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
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42
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Ithinji DG, Buchholz DW, Ezzatpour S, Monreal IA, Cong Y, Sahler J, Bangar AS, Imbiakha B, Upadhye V, Liang J, Ma A, Bradel-Tretheway B, Kaza B, Yeo YY, Choi EJ, Johnston GP, Huzella L, Kollins E, Dixit S, Yu S, Postnikova E, Ortega V, August A, Holbrook MR, Aguilar HC. Multivalent viral particles elicit safe and efficient immunoprotection against Nipah Hendra and Ebola viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:166. [PMID: 36528644 PMCID: PMC9759047 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00588-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental vaccines for the deadly zoonotic Nipah (NiV), Hendra (HeV), and Ebola (EBOV) viruses have focused on targeting individual viruses, although their geographical and bat reservoir host overlaps warrant creation of multivalent vaccines. Here we explored whether replication-incompetent pseudotyped vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) virions or NiV-based virus-like particles (VLPs) were suitable multivalent vaccine platforms by co-incorporating multiple surface glycoproteins from NiV, HeV, and EBOV onto these virions. We then enhanced the vaccines' thermotolerance using carbohydrates to enhance applicability in global regions that lack cold-chain infrastructure. Excitingly, in a Syrian hamster model of disease, the VSV multivalent vaccine elicited safe, strong, and protective neutralizing antibody responses against challenge with NiV, HeV, or EBOV. Our study provides proof-of-principle evidence that replication-incompetent multivalent viral particle vaccines are sufficient to provide protection against multiple zoonotic deadly viruses with high pandemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duncan G Ithinji
- School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David W Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shahrzad Ezzatpour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - I Abrrey Monreal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yu Cong
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Julie Sahler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Brian Imbiakha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Viraj Upadhye
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Janie Liang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Andrew Ma
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Kaza
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yao Yu Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Eun Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Gunner P Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Louis Huzella
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Erin Kollins
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Shuiqing Yu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elena Postnikova
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Victoria Ortega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Holbrook
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) Integrated Research Facility, Ft Detrick, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hector C Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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43
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Homer ST, Khor KS. Exploring the perceptions of Malaysian Gen Z towards the impact of COVID-19 on sustainable development. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:85700-85716. [PMID: 34826070 PMCID: PMC8617008 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has affected the pursuit of sustainable development in multifaceted ways; this study investigates Malaysian Gen Z perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemics' disruptions to sustainable development. The exploratory research began with brainstorming from Malaysian Gen Z individuals with the following excerpt, 'The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the world and led to unprecedented change. How do you believe this has impacted either positively or negatively, the global pursuit of sustainable development?' Ninety-eight unique statements were generated with subsequent participants sorting these statements into thematic groups before rating each of them on impact and duration. Subsequently, multi-dimensional scaling and cluster analysis was performed with eight-cluster solution being proposed. This study suggests that the pandemic has contributed both positively and negatively to sustainable development, while also highlighting the duration of these impacts. This community-based participatory research provides a guide for policy to mitigate negative impacts whilst also attempting to fully realise the positive impacts in response to managing the unprecedented effects of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T. Homer
- Management Department, Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Subang Jaya , Malaysia
| | - Kuan Siew Khor
- Management Department, Sunway University Business School, Sunway University, Subang Jaya , Malaysia
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44
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Tazerji SS, Nardini R, Safdar M, Shehata AA, Duarte PM. An Overview of Anthropogenic Actions as Drivers for Emerging and Re-Emerging Zoonotic Diseases. Pathogens 2022; 11:1376. [PMID: 36422627 PMCID: PMC9692567 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Population growth and industrialization have led to a race for greater food and supply productivity. As a result, the occupation and population of forest areas, contact with wildlife and their respective parasites and vectors, the trafficking and consumption of wildlife, the pollution of water sources, and the accumulation of waste occur more frequently. Concurrently, the agricultural and livestock production for human consumption has accelerated, often in a disorderly way, leading to the deforestation of areas that are essential for the planet's climatic and ecological balance. The effects of human actions on other ecosystems such as the marine ecosystem cause equally serious damage, such as the pollution of this habitat, and the reduction of the supply of fish and other animals, causing the coastal population to move to the continent. The sum of these factors leads to an increase in the demands such as housing, basic sanitation, and medical assistance, making these populations underserved and vulnerable to the effects of global warming and to the emergence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. In this article, we discuss the anthropic actions such as climate changes, urbanization, deforestation, the trafficking and eating of wild animals, as well as unsustainable agricultural intensification which are drivers for emerging and re-emerging of zoonotic pathogens such as viral (Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Hendravirus, Nipah virus, rabies, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease-2), bacterial (leptospirosis, Lyme borreliosis, and tuberculosis), parasitic (leishmaniasis) and fungal pathogens, which pose a substantial threat to the global community. Finally, we shed light on the urgent demand for the implementation of the One Health concept as a collaborative global approach to raise awareness and educate people about the science behind and the battle against zoonotic pathogens to mitigate the threat for both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Salajegheh Tazerji
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran P.O. Box. 1477893855, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elites Club Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University; Tehran P.O. Box. 1477893855, Iran
| | - Roberto Nardini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana “M. Aleandri”, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Muhammad Safdar
- Department of Breeding and Genetics, Cholistan University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, 59159 Bönen, Germany
| | - Phelipe Magalhães Duarte
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco 52171-900, Brazil
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45
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Choi H, Kudchodkar SB, Xu Z, Ho M, Xiao P, Ramos S, Humeau L, Weiner DB, Muthumani K. Elicitation of immune responses against Nipah virus by an engineered synthetic DNA vaccine. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.968338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a re-emerging pathogen that causes severe disease in animals and humans. Current treatment measures for NiV infection are insufficient, and there is no approved vaccine against NiV for either humans or animals. Nipah virus is listed as a high-priority pathogen for vaccine and therapeutic research by the World Health Organization (WHO). In the present study, we employed synthetic enhanced DNA technologies developed to design and produce novel consensus NiV Fusion (NiV-F) and Glycoprotein (NiV-G) antigen sequences for inclusion in synthetic DNA vaccines for NiV. The expression of each vaccine antigen was confirmed in vitro using immune-binding assays. Electroporation-enhanced intramuscular injection of each NiV-F and NiV-G into mice induced potent cellular immune responses to multiple epitopes of NiV-G and NiV-F that included antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Both vaccines elicited high antibody titers in mice, with a single immunization sufficient to seroconvert 100% of immunized animals. Additionally, the NiV-F vaccine also induced antibodies to neutralize NiV-F-pseudotyped virus particles. These data support further study of these novel synthetic enhanced NiV nucleic acid-based antigens as potential components of an effective vaccine against the Nipah virus.
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46
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Cable J, Fauci A, Dowling WE, Günther S, Bente DA, Yadav PD, Madoff LC, Wang L, Arora RK, Van Kerkhove M, Chu MC, Jaenisch T, Epstein JH, Frost SDW, Bausch DG, Hensley LE, Bergeron É, Sitaras I, Gunn MD, Geisbert TW, Muñoz‐Fontela C, Krammer F, de Wit E, Nordenfelt P, Saphire EO, Gilbert SC, Corbett KS, Branco LM, Baize S, van Doremalen N, Krieger MA, Clemens SAC, Hesselink R, Hartman D. Lessons from the pandemic: Responding to emerging zoonotic viral diseases-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:209-225. [PMID: 36183296 PMCID: PMC9538336 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world largely unprepared, including scientific and policy communities. On April 10-13, 2022, researchers across academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations met at the Keystone symposium "Lessons from the Pandemic: Responding to Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases" to discuss the successes and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and what lessons can be applied moving forward. Speakers focused on experiences not only from the COVID-19 pandemic but also from outbreaks of other pathogens, including the Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and Nipah virus. A general consensus was that investments made during the COVID-19 pandemic in infrastructure, collaborations, laboratory and manufacturing capacity, diagnostics, clinical trial networks, and regulatory enhancements-notably, in low-to-middle income countries-must be maintained and strengthened to enable quick, concerted responses to future threats, especially to zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection ResearchHamburgGermany
| | - Dennis A. Bente
- University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston National LaboratoryGalvestonTexasUSA,Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pragya Dhruv Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute of VirologyPuneIndia
| | - Lawrence C. Madoff
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan School of MedicineWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Rahul K. Arora
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada,Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - May C. Chu
- Colorado School of Public HealthAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Colorado School of Public HealthAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa E. Hensley
- Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)MonroviaLiberia,Division of Clinical ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High‐Consequence Pathogens and PathologyCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Michael D. Gunn
- Department of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada,Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - César Muñoz‐Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection ResearchHamburgGermany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology and Department of PathologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthHamiltonMontanaUSA
| | - Pontus Nordenfelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine ResearchLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Sylvain Baize
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales EmergentesInstitut PasteurLyonFrance,Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)LyonFrance,INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthHamiltonMontanaUSA
| | - Marco A. Krieger
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas InstituteOswaldo Cruz Foundation ‐ ParanáCuritibaBrazil,Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio‐Chagas)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation ‐ Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Oxford Vaccine GroupOxford UniversityOxfordUK,Institute for Global HealthUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Renske Hesselink
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)OsloNorway
| | - Dan Hartman
- Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationSeattleWashingtonUSA
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47
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The pathogenesis of Nipah virus: A review. Microb Pathog 2022; 170:105693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Nipah Virus Infection Generates Ordered Structures in Cellulo. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071523. [PMID: 35891503 PMCID: PMC9317923 DOI: 10.3390/v14071523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus with a fatality rate of up to 92% in humans. While several pathogenic mechanisms used by NiV to counteract host immune defense responses have been described, all of the processes that take place in cells during infection are not fully characterized. Here, we describe the formation of ordered intracellular structures during NiV infection. We observed that these structures are formed specifically during NiV infection, but not with other viruses from the same Mononegavirales order (namely Ebola virus) or from other orders such as Bunyavirales (Junín virus). We also determined the kinetics of the appearance of these structures and their cellular localization at the cellular periphery. Finally, we confirmed the presence of these NiV-specific ordered structures using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), as well as their localization by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Herein, we describe a cytopathogenic mechanism that provides a new insight into NiV biology. These newly described ordered structures could provide a target for novel antiviral approaches.
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49
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Ang LT, Nguyen AT, Liu KJ, Chen A, Xiong X, Curtis M, Martin RM, Raftry BC, Ng CY, Vogel U, Lander A, Lesch BJ, Fowler JL, Holman AR, Chai T, Vijayakumar S, Suchy FP, Nishimura T, Bhadury J, Porteus MH, Nakauchi H, Cheung C, George SC, Red-Horse K, Prescott JB, Loh KM. Generating human artery and vein cells from pluripotent stem cells highlights the arterial tropism of Nipah and Hendra viruses. Cell 2022; 185:2523-2541.e30. [PMID: 35738284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell research endeavors to generate specific subtypes of classically defined "cell types." Here, we generate >90% pure human artery or vein endothelial cells from pluripotent stem cells within 3-4 days. We specified artery cells by inhibiting vein-specifying signals and vice versa. These cells modeled viral infection of human vasculature by Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are extraordinarily deadly (∼57%-59% fatality rate) and require biosafety-level-4 containment. Generating pure populations of artery and vein cells highlighted that Nipah and Hendra viruses preferentially infected arteries; arteries expressed higher levels of their viral-entry receptor. Virally infected artery cells fused into syncytia containing up to 23 nuclei, which rapidly died. Despite infecting arteries and occupying ∼6%-17% of their transcriptome, Nipah and Hendra largely eluded innate immune detection, minimally eliciting interferon signaling. We thus efficiently generate artery and vein cells, introduce stem-cell-based toolkits for biosafety-level-4 virology, and explore the arterial tropism and cellular effects of Nipah and Hendra viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Teng Ang
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alana T Nguyen
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin J Liu
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Angela Chen
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaochen Xiong
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Curtis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Renata M Martin
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian C Raftry
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chun Yi Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
| | - Uwe Vogel
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Angelika Lander
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany
| | - Benjamin J Lesch
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jonas L Fowler
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alyssa R Holman
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Timothy Chai
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Siva Vijayakumar
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fabian P Suchy
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Toshinobu Nishimura
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joydeep Bhadury
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew H Porteus
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kristy Red-Horse
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph B Prescott
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Kyle M Loh
- Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Soni A, Dixit Y, Reis MM, Brightwell G. Hyperspectral imaging and machine learning in food microbiology: Developments and challenges in detection of bacterial, fungal, and viral contaminants. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:3717-3745. [PMID: 35686478 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a robust and nondestructive method that can detect foreign particles such as microbial, chemical, and physical contamination in food. This review summarizes the work done in the last two decades in this field with a highlight on challenges, risks, and research gaps. Considering the challenges of using HSI on complex matrices like food (e.g., the confounding and masking effects of background signals), application of machine learning and modeling approaches that have been successful in achieving better accuracy as well as increasing the detection limit have also been discussed here. Foodborne microbial contaminants such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, yeast, and protozoa are of interest and concern to food manufacturers due to the potential risk of either food poisoning or food spoilage. Detection of these contaminants using fast and efficient methods would not only prevent outbreaks and recalls but will also increase consumer acceptance and demand for shelf-stable food products. The conventional culture-based methods for microbial detection are time and labor-intensive, whereas hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is robust, nondestructive with minimum sample preparation, and has gained significant attention due to its rapid approach to detection of microbial contaminants. This review is a comprehensive summary of the detection of bacterial, viral, and fungal contaminants in food with detailed emphasis on the specific modeling and datamining approaches used to overcome the specific challenges associated with background and data complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Soni
- Food System Integrity, Consumer Food Interface, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Yash Dixit
- Food Informatics, Smart Foods, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marlon M Reis
- Food Informatics, Smart Foods, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Gale Brightwell
- Food System Integrity, Consumer Food Interface, AgResearch Ltd, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,New Zealand Food Safety Science Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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