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Bünger M, Blümlinger M, Loncaric I, Rosel AC, Ruppitsch W, Teich K, Kübber-Heiss A, Hennig-Pauka I, Ladinig A, Spergser J. Multilocus sequence typing schemes for the emerging swine pathogen Mycoplasma hyosynoviae. Vet Microbiol 2024; 290:109997. [PMID: 38237446 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Mycoplasma (M.) hyosynoviae is a commensal of the upper respiratory tract in swine, which has the potential to spread systemically, usually resulting in arthritis in fattening pigs and gilts. To date, very little is known about the epidemiology of M. hyosynoviae, mainly due to a lack of suitable typing methods. Therefore, this study aimed to develop both a conventional multi locus sequence typing (MLST) and a core genome (cg) MLST scheme. The development of the cgMLST was based on whole genome sequences of 64 strains isolated from pigs and wild boars during routine diagnostics as well as nine publicly available genomes. A cgMLST scheme containing 390 target genes was established using the Ridom© SeqSphere+ software. Using this scheme as a foundation, seven housekeeping genes were selected for conventional MLST based on their capability to reflect genome wide relatedness and subsequently, all 73 strains were typed by applying both methods. Core genome MLST results revealed a high diversity of the studied strain population and less than 100 allele differences between epidemiologically unrelated strains were only detected for four isolates from the US. On the other hand, seven clonal clusters (≤ 12 allele differences) comprising 20 isolates were identified. Comparison of the two typing methods resulted in highly congruent phylogenetic trees and an Adjusted Rand Coefficient of 0.893, while cgMLST showed marginally higher resolution when comparing closely related isolates, indicated by a slightly higher Simpson's ID (0.992) than conventional MLST (Simpson's ID = 0.990). Overall, both methods seem well suited for epidemiological analyses for scientific as well as diagnostic purposes. While MLST is faster and cheaper, cgMLST can be used to further differentiate closely related isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bünger
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University Clinic for Swine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Blümlinger
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University Clinic for Swine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Loncaric
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Microbiology, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Währinger Straße 25A, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Währinger Straße 25A, 1096 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Teich
- SAN Group Biotech Germany GmbH (former ANICON Labor GmbH), Mühlenstraße 13, 49685 Höltinghausen, Germany
| | - Anna Kübber-Heiss
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Field Station for Epidemiology, Buescheler Straße 9, 49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University Clinic for Swine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Microbiology, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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Aroh O, Liles MR, Halanych KM. Genomic characterization of a novel, widely distributed Mycoplasma species "Candidatus Mycoplasma mahonii" associated with the brittlestar Gorgonocephalus chilensis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290305. [PMID: 37616244 PMCID: PMC10449156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships are ubiquitous throughout the world's oceans, yet for many marine organisms, including those in the high latitudes, little is understood about symbiotic associations and functional relationships. From a recently determined genome sequence of a filter-feeding basket star from Argentina, Gorgonocephalus chilensis, we discovered a novel Mycoplasma species with a 796Kb genome (CheckM completeness of 97.9%, G+C content = 30.1%). Similar to other Mycoplasma spp. within Mycoplasmatota, genomic analysis of the novel organism revealed reduced metabolic pathways including incomplete biosynthetic pathways, suggesting an obligate association with their basket star host. Results of 16S rRNA and multi-locus phylogenetic analyses revealed that this organism belonged to a recently characterized non-free-living lineage of Mycoplasma spp. specifically associated with marine invertebrate animals. Thus, the name "Candidatus Mycoplasma mahonii" is proposed for this novel species. Based on 16S rRNA PCR-screening, we found that Ca. M. mahonii also occurs in Gorgonocephalus eucnemis from the Northwest Pacific and other Gorgonocephalus chilensis from Argentinian waters. The level of sequence conservation within Ca. M. mahonii is considerable between widely disparate high-latitude Gorgonocephalus species, suggesting that oceanic dispersal of this microbe may be greater than excepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluchi Aroh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Mark R. Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Halanych
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Centre for Marine Science, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, United States of America
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Scherrer S, Schmitt S, Rademacher F, Kuhnert P, Ghielmetti G, Peterhans S, Stephan R. Development of a new multiplex quantitative PCR for the detection of Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1353. [PMID: 37379423 PMCID: PMC10186005 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae are important porcine pathogens responsible for polyserositis, polyarthritis, meningitis, pneumonia, and septicemia causing significant economic losses in the swine industry. A new multiplex quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was designed on one hand for the detection of G. parasuis and the virulence marker vtaA to distinguish between highly virulent and non-virulent strains. On the other hand, fluorescent probes were established for the detection and identification of both M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae targeting 16S ribosomal RNA genes. The development of the qPCR was based on reference strains of 15 known serovars of G. parasuis, as well as on the type strains M. hyorhinis ATCC 17981T and M. hyosynoviae NCTC 10167T . The new qPCR was further evaluated using 21 G. parasuis, 26 M. hyorhinis, and 3 M. hyosynoviae field isolates. Moreover, a pilot study including different clinical specimens of 42 diseased pigs was performed. The specificity of the assay was 100% without cross-reactivity or detection of other bacterial swine pathogens. The sensitivity of the new qPCR was demonstrated to be between 11-180 genome equivalents (GE) of DNA for M. hyosynoviae and M. hyorhinis, and 140-1200 GE for G. parasuis and vtaA. The cut-off threshold cycle was found to be at 35. The developed sensitive and specific qPCR assay has the potential to become a useful molecular tool, which could be implemented in veterinary diagnostic laboratories for the detection and identification of G. parasuis, its virulence marker vtaA, M. hyorhinis, and M. hyosynoviae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Scherrer
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sarah Schmitt
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Fenja Rademacher
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Giovanni Ghielmetti
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sophie Peterhans
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Roger Stephan
- Section of Veterinary Bacteriology, Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse FacultyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Tonni M, Formenti N, Boniotti MB, Guarneri F, Scali F, Romeo C, Pasquali P, Pieters M, Maes D, Alborali GL. The role of co-infections in M. hyopneumoniae outbreaks among heavy fattening pigs: a field study. Vet Res 2022; 53:41. [PMID: 35692039 PMCID: PMC9190078 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how co-infections and genotype dynamics affect Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in fattening pigs. This study was aimed at assessing the role of co-infections in M. hyopneumoniae outbreaks, their influence on the presence of M. hyopneumoniae genotypes and their impact on consequent lung lesions. Tracheobronchial swabs (TBS) from 300 finishers were collected from 10 farms at the onset of enzootic pneumonia outbreaks and 1 month later, sampling of 3 groups per farm: Group A showed clinical signs first, Group B was housed near Group A, and Group C was located in a different building. Pigs’ lungs were scored at the slaughterhouse. TBS were tested for the main pathogens involved in respiratory diseases, and samples positive for M. hyopneumoniae were genotyped by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Pigs in Group A showed the highest prevalence and load of M. hyopneumoniae. A positive association was detected between M. hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis, whereas Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae was more frequent when the M. hyopneumoniae load was higher. Nevertheless, co-infection had no effect on lung lesion scores. The presence of multiple MLVA types (mixed infections) increased in time only in pigs from Group C and was positively associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Lung lesions were more severe in pigs with at least one TBS positive for M. hyopneumoniae and in pigs with a history of mixed infections. The central role of M. hyopneumoniae and relevance of mixed infections suggest that increased biosecurity might be beneficial for lung lesion sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tonni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Formenti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Flavia Guarneri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federico Scali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Claudia Romeo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Ave, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Giovanni L Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna, Via Bianchi, 9, 25124, Brescia, Italy
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Salogni C, Capucchio MT, Colombino E, Pozzi P, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Bacterial polyarthritis in post-weaning pigs in a high-density swine breeding area in Italy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:709-711. [PMID: 35593676 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221090903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the bacterial agents found in 8-12-wk-old post-weaning pigs with arthritis. The bodies of 178 post-weaning pigs from 90 farms (average of 2 pigs/farm) with recurrent problems of lameness and swollen joints in a high-density breeding area were submitted for autopsy and sampled for further bacterial investigation. The most common articular gross lesions and histopathologic findings were serofibrinous (95 of 178; 53%) or serous (65 of 178; 37%) arthritis; suppurative lesions were less frequent (18 of 178; 10%). In 133 of 178 (74.7%) cases, a bacterial agent was detected in joints. Mycoplasma hyorhinis was the most common bacterium detected (82 of 133; 61.6%). Haemophilus parasuis and Streptococcus spp. were observed in 27 of 133 (20.3%) and 24 of 133 (18.0%) cases, respectively. Other bacteria in the 113 cases, considered less important, in order of their low frequency, were Mycoplasma spp. (13; 9.8%), Trueperella pyogenes (11; 8.2%), Mycoplasma hyosynoviae (4; 3.0%), Staphylococcus spp. (3; 2.2%), Escherichia coli (2; 1.5%), and Actinobacillus spp. (2; 1.5%). Our results highlight the primary role of M. hyorhinis compared to other microorganisms involved in young pigs with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Salogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Elena Colombino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy
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Nascimento Araujo CD, Amorim AT, Barbosa MS, Alexandre JCPL, Campos GB, Macedo CL, Marques LM, Timenetsky J. Evaluating the presence of Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Helicobacter pylori in biopsies of patients with gastric cancer. Infect Agent Cancer 2021; 16:70. [PMID: 34949212 PMCID: PMC8705184 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-021-00410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and has been associated with infections that may promote tumour progression. Accordingly, we analysed the presence of Mollicutes, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer tissues and evaluated their correlation with clinicopathological factors. METHODS Using a commercial kit, DNA were extracted from 120 gastric samples embedded in paraffin: 80 from patients with gastric cancer and 40 from cancer free patients, dating from 2006 to 2016. Mollicutes and H. pylori were detected by PCR; F. nucleatum and M. hyorhinis were detected by qPCR, together with immunohistochemistry for the latter bacteria. RESULTS Mollicutes were detected in the case and control groups (12% and 2.5%) and correlated with the papillary histologic pattern (P = 0.003), likely due to cell transformation promoted by Mollicutes. M. hyorhinis was detected in the case and control group but was not considered a cancer risk factor. H. pylori was detected at higher loads in the case compared to the control group (8% and 22%, P = 0.008) and correlated with metastasis (P = 0.024), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.033), tumour of diffused type (P = 0.028), and histopathological grading G1/G2 (P = 0.008). F. nucleatum was the most abundant bacteria in the case group, but was also detected in the control group (26% and 2.5%). It increased the cancer risk factor (P = 0.045, OR = 10.562, CI95% = 1.057-105.521), and correlated with old age (P = 0.030) and tumour size (P = 0.053). Bacterial abundance was significantly different between groups (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings could improve the control and promote our understanding of opportunistic bacteria and their relevance to malignant phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila do Nascimento Araujo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Teixeira Amorim
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maysa Santos Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Multidisciplinary Health Institute /Campus Anísio Teixeira, IMS/CAT - UFBA, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Leal Macedo
- Micro - Pathological Anatomy and Cytopathology Service, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Multidisciplinary Health Institute /Campus Anísio Teixeira, IMS/CAT - UFBA, Federal University of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil.
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, ICB/USP, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bünger M, Posch M, Wiesauer J, Loncaric I, Cabal Rosel A, Ruppitsch W, Ladinig A, Spergser J. A core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme for Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Vet Microbiol 2021; 262:109249. [PMID: 34628273 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis is a commensal and pathobiont residing in the upper respiratory tract in swine and with the ability to spread systemically, mainly causing polyserositis and polyarthritis in nursery pigs. Since little is known on the epidemiology of M. hyorhinis infection, whole genome sequences of 73 strains isolated from pigs in Austria (n = 71) and Germany (n = 2), that have been isolated from clinically affected pigs during routine diagnostics, and publicly available genomes of eight M. hyorhinis strains were analyzed in the presented study. For this purpose, a core genome multi locus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme encompassing 453 target genes was developed using the Ridom© SeqSphere + software. Results were compared to two previously described conventional MLST schemes and to a core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) analysis approach. Core genome MLST showed high diversity among the M. hyorhinis strains studied and while certain isolates from one farm or a single animal formed cgMLST clusters (≤ 8 allele differences), no isolates with identical allele profiles were identified. In addition, cgMLST had superior discriminatory power (Simpson's ID = 0.995) over conventional MLST (Simpson's ID = 0.952 and 0.985), while demonstrating a lack of congruence between conventional MLST and genome-wide relationship. Core genome SNP results were highly congruent with cgMLST results but lacked in resolution when comparing closely related isolates. Thus, cgMLST is the most suitable method for epidemiological investigations such as outbreak analysis, and to gain insights into M. hyorhinis population structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bünger
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Microbiology, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria; University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University Clinic for Swine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Magdalena Posch
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Microbiology, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Julia Wiesauer
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Microbiology, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Igor Loncaric
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Microbiology, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Währinger Straße 25A, 1096, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Währinger Straße 25A, 1096, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, University Clinic for Swine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Joachim Spergser
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Institute of Microbiology, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Grózner D, Kovács ÁB, Wehmann E, Kreizinger Z, Bekő K, Mitter A, Sawicka A, Jánosi S, Tomczyk G, Morrow CJ, Bányai K, Gyuranecz M. Multilocus sequence typing of the goose pathogen Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis. Vet Microbiol 2020; 254:108972. [PMID: 33422690 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis infection is associated with the inflammation of the genital tract and cloaca, embryo lethality, and decreased egg production in geese, leading to serious economic losses. M. anserisalpingitidis has been detected mainly in Central and Eastern Europe, especially in Hungary, but the pathogen was identified recently in China, predicting it's worldwide occurrence. In this study, a novel multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was developed to analyse phylogenetic relationships between M. anserisalpingitidis field isolates and clinical specimens originating from different geographical locations. Five loci (atpG, fusA, pgiB, plsY, and uvrA) were selected for the final MLST study. The examined 89 M. anserisalpingitidis samples yielded 76 unique sequence types with a 0.994 Simpson's index of diversity. The samples were originated from Hungary, Poland, Ukraine, China, and Vietnam. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of three distinct clades (A-C) and six subclades within clade C. Generally, samples originating from the same geographical locations or livestock integration clustered together. Isolates in clade A showed the closest relationships to the M. anatis outgroup due to sequence similarity of the plsY locus. The highest genetic distance was observed in 5C among the subclades of clade C, containing the Asian and some Hungarian field isolates. The developed MLST assay revealed high diversity of the investigated M. anserisalpingitidis samples. The method proved to be a valuable and cost-effective tool for sequence typing of this waterfowl Mycoplasma species, enabling the better understanding of its phylogeny and providing a robust assay for future molecular epidemiological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Grózner
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Áron Botond Kovács
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Enikő Wehmann
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Katinka Bekő
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Alexa Mitter
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Anna Sawicka
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Pulawy, Aleja Partyzantow 57, Poland.
| | - Szilárd Jánosi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, 1143, Budapest, Tábornok u. 2., Hungary.
| | - Grzegorz Tomczyk
- Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100, Pulawy, Aleja Partyzantow 57, Poland.
| | - Christopher John Morrow
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary.
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, 1143, Budapest, Hungária Krt. 21., Hungary; Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078, Budapest, István u. 2., Hungary.
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Hennig-Pauka I, Sudendey C, Kleinschmidt S, Ruppitsch W, Loncaric I, Spergser J. Swine Conjunctivitis Associated with a Novel Mycoplasma Species Closely Related to Mycoplasma hyorhinis. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010013. [PMID: 33375690 PMCID: PMC7824142 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctivitis in swine is a common finding, usually considered to be a secondary symptom of respiratory or viral systemic disease, or a result of irritation by dust or ammonia, or of local infections with Mycoplasma (M.) hyorhinis or chlamydia. In three unrelated swine farms in Germany with a high prevalence of conjunctivitis, a novel mycoplasma species, tentatively named Mycoplasma sp. 1654_15, was isolated from conjunctival swabs taken from affected pigs. Although 16S rRNA gene sequences shared highest nucleotide similarities with M. hyorhinis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, partial rpoB sequencing, and comparative whole genome analyses indicated the identification of a novel species within genus Mycoplasma. Noticeable differences between Mycoplasma sp. 1654_15 and M. hyorhinis were the lack of a vlp locus and the presence of a myo-inositol pathway in the genome of strain 1654_15. Since myo-inositol might be used as an alternative energy source by this pathogen on the conjunctival surface, robust colonization by outcompeting other bacteria could be the consequence. In summary, abundant isolation of Mycoplasma sp. 1654_15 from the conjunctiva of affected pigs, its close relationship to M. hyorhinis, and identification of a panel of coding sequences (CDSs) potentially associated with virulence and pathogenicity suggested a local eye disease caused by a so far unknown, highly specialized mycoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology in Bakum, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 49456 Bakum, Germany;
| | | | - Sven Kleinschmidt
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Braunschweig/Hannover, 30173 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1096 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
- Correspondence:
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Subbaiyan A, Thomas P, Sankar M, Rana R, Chaudhuri P. Multilocus sequence typing of pathogenic Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri reveals the predominance of a novel clonal complex among isolates from goats in India. Arch Microbiol 2020; 203:1149-1157. [PMID: 33211173 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc) typically causes pneumonia, mastitis, arthritis, keratitis and septicaemia in goats. Mortality associated with Mmc in goat flocks is lower compared to Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae-associated respiratory infections. Case fatality rates associated with Mmc ranged from 9.8 to 26.8% among several states in India. Molecular epidemiology approaches aimed at genotyping help to identify the diversity of isolates involved in a disease. Ten clinical pathogenic Mmc isolates were analysed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) for studying genotypic relationships with 50 isolates available from public databases. The MLST analysis indicates high genetic diversity among Mmc isolates. From a total number of 60 isolates, 43 six sequence types (STs) were recognized comprising of six STs from India and 37 STs from other geographical regions. MLST profiles of isolates revealed none of the STs observed in Indian isolates were shared with global isolates. Some of the STs representing Indian isolates (four STs) were clustered into a novel clonal complex 1 (CC1). Maintenance of genetically related STs forming CCs among the goat population in India for longer periods indicates disease causing potentiality of these isolates. Based on various recombination analysis, weak clonal relationship among Mmc isolates were identified. The present study has enlightened further steps in disease investigations and to design future control measures by employing prevalent genotypes as vaccine candidates against Mmc infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbazhagan Subbaiyan
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Muthu Sankar
- Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Muktheswar, Uttarakhand, 263132, India
| | - Rajneesh Rana
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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11
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Genotyping Mycoplasma hyorhinis by multi-locus sequence typing and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. Vet Microbiol 2020; 249:108836. [PMID: 32956967 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis is a swine pathogen bacterium, which causes significant economic losses. The infection spreads through direct contact between the animals. Powerful genotyping methods like PCR based multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) are necessary to monitor the infections and to conduct epidemiological investigations; hence supporting the control of the disease. The aims of the present study were to examine M. hyorhinis isolates originating mainly from Hungary with MLST and MLVA developed in the study, and to compare the results of the two typing methods. To characterize 39 M. hyorhinis isolates and the type strain (NCTC 10,130), six house-keeping genes were selected for MLST and six tandem-repeat regions were chosen for MLVA. We were able to differentiate 31 sequence types and 37 genotypes within the 40 analyzed isolates by the MLST and the MLVA, respectively. With the combination of the two newly developed assays all examined isolates were distinguished with the exception of the ones originating from the same animal. The developed MLST assay provided a robust and high resolution phylogenetic tree, while the MLVA system is suitable for the differentiation of closely related isolates from the same farm, hence the assay is appropriate for epidemiologic studies.
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12
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Ruggeri J, Salogni C, Giovannini S, Vitale N, Boniotti MB, Corradi A, Pozzi P, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Association Between Infectious Agents and Lesions in Post-Weaned Piglets and Fattening Heavy Pigs With Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:636. [PMID: 33024748 PMCID: PMC7516008 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC) is a multifactorial syndrome that causes health problems in growing pigs and economic losses to farmers. The etiological factors involved can be bacteria, viruses, or mycoplasmas. However, environmental stressors associated with farm management can influence the status of the animal's health. The role and impact of different microorganisms in the development of the disease can be complex, and these are not fully understood. The severity of lesions are a consequence of synergism and combination of different factors. The aim of this study was to systematically analyse samples, conferred to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (IZSLER, Brescia), with a standardized diagnostic protocol in case of suspected PRDC. During necropsy, the lungs and carcasses were analyzed to determine the severity and extension of lesions. Gross lung lesions were classified according to a pre-established scheme adapted from literature. Furthermore, pulmonary, pleural, and nasal lesions were scored to determine their severity and extension. Finally, the presence of infectious agents was investigated to identify the microorganisms involved in the cases studied. During the years 2014–2016, 1,658 samples of lungs and carcasses with PRDC from 863 farms were analyzed; among them 931 and 727 samples were from weaned piglets and fattening pigs, respectively. The most frequently observed lesions were characteristic of catarrhal bronchopneumonia, broncho-interstitial pneumonia, pleuropneumonia, and pleuritis. Some pathogens identified were correlated to specific lesions, whereas other pathogens to various lesions. These underline the need for the establishment of control and treatment programmes for individual farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ruggeri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna], Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Salogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna], Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovannini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna], Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna], Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna], Brescia, Italy
| | - Attilio Corradi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna [Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardia and Emilia Romagna], Brescia, Italy
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13
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Salogni C, Lazzaro M, Giovannini S, Vitale N, Boniotti MB, Pozzi P, Pasquali P, Alborali GL. Causes of swine polyserositis in a high-density breeding area in Italy. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:594-597. [PMID: 32495719 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720928973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the causes of polyserositis in pigs, categorized by causative agents and ages of animals affected. In a 3-y study, 246 pigs from 80 different farms with recurrent problems of polyserositis, in a high-density breeding area, were submitted for autopsy; 154 pigs with typical fibrinous serosal lesions were sampled for further bacterial and viral investigation. The most common gross lesions were pleuritis and pericarditis (141 of 154; 92%). The animals most affected were weaned pigs (139 of 154; 90%). Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyorhinis were the most common bacteria detected and were present at the same rate (85 of 154; 55%). Other bacteria isolated were Streptococcus sp. (44 of 154; 29%), Pasteurella multocida (21 of 154; 14%), Escherichia coli (19 of 154; 12%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (7 of 154; 5%), and Trueperella pyogenes (4 of 154; 3%). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV; 119 of 154; 77%) predominated among the viruses detected, followed, with lesser prevalence, by porcine circovirus 2 (40 of 154; 26%) and swine influenza A virus (19 of 154; 12%). Bacterial coinfection and coinfection of bacteria and viruses were common (128 of 154; 83%). A strong positive correlation was found between coinfection by H. parasuis and M. hyorhinis and also by H. parasuis with PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Salogni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
| | - Massimiliano Lazzaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
| | - Stefano Giovannini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
| | - Nicoletta Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
| | - Maria Beatrice Boniotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
| | - Paolo Pozzi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
| | - Paolo Pasquali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
| | - Giovanni Loris Alborali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lombardia Emilia Romagna, Brescia, Italy (Salogni, Lazzaro, Giovannini, Vitale, Boniotti, Alborali); Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie, Universita' degli Studi di Torino, Italy (Pozzi); Istituto Superiore di Sanita', Roma, Italy (Pasquali)
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14
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Andrade YMFS, Santos-Junior MN, Rezende IS, Barbosa MS, Amorim AT, Silva ÍBS, Queiroz EC, Bastos BL, Campos GB, Timenetsky J, Marques LM. Multilocus sequence typing characterizes diversity of Ureaplasma diversum strains, and intra-species variability induces different immune response profiles. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:163. [PMID: 32456681 PMCID: PMC7249313 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ureaplasma diversum is a pathogen found in the genital tract of cattle and associated with genital disorders such as infertility, placentitis, abortion, birth of weak calves, low sperm motility, seminal vesiculitis and epididymitis. There are few studies evaluating the genetic diversity of U. diversum strains and their influence on the immune response in cattle. Therefore, to better understand genetic relationships of the pathogenicity of U. diversum, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme was performed to characterize the ATCC 49782 strain and another 40 isolates recovered from different Brazilian states. Results Primers were designed for housekeeping genes ftsH, polC, rpL22, rpoB, valS and ureA and for virulence genes, phospholipase D (pld), triacylglycerol lipase (tgl), hemolysin (hlyA), MIB-MIP system (mib,mip), MBA (mba), VsA (VsA) and ribose transporter (tABC). PCRs were performed and the targeted gene products were purified and sequenced. Sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned and the phylogenetic relationship was also evaluated. Thus, a total of 19 STs and 4 CCs were studied. Following the molecular analysis, six isolates of U. diversum were selected, inoculated into bovine monocyte/macrophage culture and evaluated for gene expression of the cytokines TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17. Differences were detected in the induction of cytokines, especially between isolates 198 and BA78, promoted inflammatory and anti-inflammatory profiles, respectively, and they also differed in virulence factors. Conclusion It was observed that intra-species variability between isolates of U. diversum can induce variations of virulent determinants and, consequently, modulate the expression of the triggered immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M F S Andrade
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, Jorge Amado Highway, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.,Instituto Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil, Waldemar Falcao Street, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Manoel N Santos-Junior
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, Jorge Amado Highway, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Izadora S Rezende
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Maysa S Barbosa
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Aline T Amorim
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Ícaro B S Silva
- Instituto Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil, Waldemar Falcao Street, 121, Candeal, Salvador, Bahia, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Ellunny C Queiroz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Bastos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Guilherme B Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas M Marques
- Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Brazil, Jorge Amado Highway, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilheus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomedicas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil, Professor Lineu Prestes Avenue, 2415, Butantã, São Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil. .,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Brazil, Hormindo Barros Street, 58, Candeias, Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, 45029-094, Brazil.
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15
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Sunaga F, Tsuchiaka S, Kishimoto M, Aoki H, Kakinoki M, Kure K, Okumura H, Okumura M, Okumura A, Nagai M, Omatsu T, Mizutani T. Development of a one-run real-time PCR detection system for pathogens associated with porcine respiratory diseases. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:217-223. [PMID: 31866601 PMCID: PMC7041981 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Porcine respiratory disease complex is complicated by infections with
multiple pathogens, and multiple infections increase the difficulty in identifying the
causal pathogen. In this present study, we developed a detection system of microbes from
porcine respiratory by using TaqMan real-time PCR (referred to as Dempo-PCR) to screen a
broad range of pathogens associated with porcine respiratory diseases in a single run. We
selected 17 porcine respiratory pathogens (Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae, Boldetella bronchiseptica,
Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida,
Pasteurella multocida toxin, Streptococcus suis,
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis,
Mycoplasma hyosynovie, porcine circovirus 2, pseudorabies virus,
porcine cytomegalovirus, swine influenza A virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory
virus US strain, EU strain, porcine respiratory coronavirus and porcine hemagglutinating
encephalomyelitis virus) as detection targets and designed novel specific primer-probe
sets for seven of them. In sensitivity test by using standard curves from synthesized DNA,
all primer-probe sets showed high sensitivity. However, porcine reproductive and
respiratory virus is known to have a high frequency of genetic mutations, and the primer
and probe sequences will need to be checked at a considerable frequency when performing
Dempo-PCR from field samples. A total of 30 lung samples from swine showing respiratory
symptoms on six farms were tested by the Dempo-PCR to validate the assay’s clinical
performance. As the results, 12 pathogens (5 virus and 7 bacteria) were detected and
porcine reproductive and respiratory virus US strain, Mycoplasma
hyorhinis, Haemophilus parasuis, and porcine cytomegalovirus
were detected at high frequency. These results suggest that Dempo-PCR assay can be applied
as a screening system with wide detection targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujiko Sunaga
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Shinobu Tsuchiaka
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagito, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Mai Kishimoto
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoki
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Mari Kakinoki
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kure
- Value Farm Consulting Co., Ltd., 1704-3 Nishi Oi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan
| | - Hanako Okumura
- Value Farm Consulting Co., Ltd., 1704-3 Nishi Oi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-1260, Japan
| | - Maho Okumura
- Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia PA 19104, USA
| | - Atsushi Okumura
- Centre for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Makoto Nagai
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan.,Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Omatsu
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagito, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Research and Education Center for Prevention of Global Infectious Diseases of Animals, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagito, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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16
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Genetic structure of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae informs pathogen spillover dynamics between domestic and wild Caprinae in the western United States. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15318. [PMID: 31653889 PMCID: PMC6814754 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Spillover diseases have significant consequences for human and animal health, as well as wildlife conservation. We examined spillover and transmission of the pneumonia-associated bacterium Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae in domestic sheep, domestic goats, bighorn sheep, and mountain goats across the western United States using 594 isolates, collected from 1984 to 2017. Our results indicate high genetic diversity of M. ovipneumoniae strains within domestic sheep, whereas only one or a few strains tend to circulate in most populations of bighorn sheep or mountain goats. These data suggest domestic sheep are a reservoir, while the few spillovers to bighorn sheep and mountain goats can persist for extended periods. Domestic goat strains form a distinct clade from those in domestic sheep, and strains from both clades are found in bighorn sheep. The genetic structure of domestic sheep strains could not be explained by geography, whereas some strains are spatially clustered and shared among proximate bighorn sheep populations, supporting pathogen establishment and spread following spillover. These data suggest that the ability to predict M. ovipneumoniae spillover into wildlife populations may remain a challenge given the high strain diversity in domestic sheep and need for more comprehensive pathogen surveillance.
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17
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Clavijo MJ, Sreevatsan S, Johnson TJ, Rovira A. Molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma hyorhinis porcine field isolates in the United States. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223653. [PMID: 31634349 PMCID: PMC6802821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis is one of the causative agents of polyserositis and arthritis in post-weaning pigs. Here we describe the development of a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) protocol for the characterization of M. hyorhinis field isolates. A total of 104 field isolates from different geographical locations, swine production systems, and clinical backgrounds, were analyzed. Twenty-seven genes, including housekeeping and those encoding surface proteins, were evaluated to index diversity. Genes encoding surface proteins were included to increase the discriminatory power of the MLST. Four target gene fragments were selected to be included in the final MLST-s (surface) protocol: pdhB, p95, mtlD and ung. Within each locus the nucleotide variation ranged from 1.4% to 20%. The 104 field isolates were classified into 39 distinct sequence types (STs). Multiple STs were found within the same production system and within the same pig. The majority of STs grouped strains from the same production system; however, cases existed where multiple systems shared a ST, indicating potential relationships between pig flows. The majority of the nucleotide changes observed in these genes generated synonymous changes, while non-synonymous changes were exclusively in the mtlD gene fragment, suggesting that this protein is undergoing selection. Molecular typing of M. hyorhinis will primarily aid swine practitioners with pig flow management and identifying sources of infection during outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Clavijo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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18
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Genomic polymorphism of Mycoplasma flocculare revealed by a newly developed multilocus sequence typing scheme. Vet Microbiol 2019; 237:108422. [PMID: 31585641 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma flocculare is genetically closely related to M. hyopneumoniae, the etiologic agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia, and is frequently isolated with this second species. In this article, we report on the development of the first multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M. flocculare, based on three genes (adk, rpoB and tpiA). In total, 5022 bp of sequence were analyzed. MLST was used to characterize seven M. flocculare isolates and the reference strain. Eight distinct sequence types were defined, showing the great intraspecies variability of M. flocculare, and the high discriminatory power of the new typing method. The relative contribution of recombinations to the genomic evolution of M. flocculare was revealed by calculating the index of association (IA: 0.0185). This MLST scheme is now available for the acquisition of new knowledge on M. flocculare epidemiology via an online database comprising the DNA sequences of each allele, available at http://pubmlst.org/mflocculare/.
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19
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Balestrin E, Kuhnert P, Wolf JM, Wolf LM, Fonseca ASK, Ikuta N, Lunge VR, Siqueira FM. Clonality of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in swine farms from Brazil. Vet Microbiol 2019; 238:108434. [PMID: 31648728 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae causes enzootic pneumonia (EP) in swine, a disease related to high economic losses in production systems. Epidemiological spread of M. hyopneumoniae clones was studied by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) in several swine production regions but so far not in South America. Using MLST, we have therefore investigated M. hyopneumoniae clones circulating in farms from three main swine production regions in Brazil. Porcine lungs samples were collected between 2015 and 2016 in farms with EP outbreaks. Three geographically distant regions were selected, and 67 M. hyopneumoniae positive samples, each one from a different farm, were included in the study. The occurrence of five sequence types (ST) was demonstrated and the majority of the samples were identified as ST-69 (n = 60; 89.5%), followed by ST-70 (n = 3; 4.5%), ST-123 (n = 2; 3%), ST-124 (n = 1; 1.5%) and ST-127 (n = 1; 1.5%). There was no association of any specific ST with region or production system. The five STs were all new ones, probably representing unique Brazilian clones. ST-69 and ST-70 on one side and ST-123 and ST-124 on the other side are phylogenetically close, while ST-127 is singleton. In conclusion, our results showed a low variability and high clonality of M. hyopneumoniae genotypes from Brazilian farms affected by EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eder Balestrin
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Lutheran University from Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Michel Wolf
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Lutheran University from Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas Michel Wolf
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Lutheran University from Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Nilo Ikuta
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Lutheran University from Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Vagner Ricardo Lunge
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic, Lutheran University from Brazil (ULBRA), Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Simbios Biotecnologia, Cachoeirinha, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Veterinary Pathology Department, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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20
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Jäckel S, Muluneh A, Pöhle D, Ulber C, Dähnert L, Vina-Rodriguez A, Groschup MH, Eiden M. Co-infection of pigs with Hepatitis E and porcine circovirus 2, Saxony 2016. Res Vet Sci 2018; 123:35-38. [PMID: 30583230 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a recognized zoonotic disease; autochthonous infections in Europe are caused to a great extent by HEV genotype 3. Pigs and wild boar are the main reservoirs for this genotype and normally they develop no or only subclinical symptoms with mild histopathological lesions. However, co-infections with other pig pathogens can lead to severe cases in pigs, including liver hemorrhage and necrosis. During a monitoring program 2016 in Saxony, Germany, farmed pigs with various clinical outcomes including fatalities were analysed for HEV and concurrent infections. We could detect eight HEV infected pigs from which six were co-infected with porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Phylogenetic analysis revealed HEV sub-genotypes 3e and 3f as well as PCV2 genotypes 2b and 2d. A direct correlation of the co-infection to the course of disease could not be determined, but the results provide hints that the immune modulatory effects of PCV2 combined with HEV influence the disease pattern in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Jäckel
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Jägerstraße 8/10, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Aemero Muluneh
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Jägerstraße 8/10, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dietrich Pöhle
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Jägerstraße 8/10, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Ulber
- Saxon State Laboratory of Health and Veterinary Affairs, Jägerstraße 8/10, 01099 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Dähnert
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ariel Vina-Rodriguez
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
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21
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Phylogenetics of Mycoplasma hominis clinical strains associated with gynecological infections or infertility as disclosed by an expanded multilocus sequence typing scheme. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14854. [PMID: 30291332 PMCID: PMC6173709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To our knowledge, the phylodistribution of M. hominis clinical strains associated with various pathological conditions of the urogenital tract has not been explored hitherto. Here we analyzed the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 59 M. hominis Tunisian clinical isolates, categorized as gynecological infections- or infertility-associated pathotypes. For this purpose, we developed an expanded multilocus sequence typing (eMLST) scheme, combining the previously reported multilocus sequence typing (MLST) loci (gyrB, tuf, ftsY, uvrA, gap) with a new selected set of putative virulence genes (p120’, vaa, lmp1, lmp3, p60), referred herein to as multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST) loci. In doing so, M. hominis population was segregated into two distinct genetic lineages, which were differentially associated with each pathotype. Such a clear dichotomy was supported by several phylogenetic and population genetic analysis tools. Recombination was found to take place, but not sufficient enough to break down the overall clonal population structure of M. hominis, most likely as a result of purifying selection, which accommodated the most fit clones. In sum, and owing to the eMLST scheme described herein, we provide insightful data on the phylogenetics of M. hominis, arguing for the existence of genetically differentiable urogenital pathotypes.
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22
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Nichols JE, La Francesca S, Niles JA, Vega SP, Argueta LB, Frank L, Christiani DC, Pyles RB, Himes BE, Zhang R, Li S, Sakamoto J, Rhudy J, Hendricks G, Begarani F, Liu X, Patrikeev I, Pal R, Usheva E, Vargas G, Miller A, Woodson L, Wacher A, Grimaldo M, Weaver D, Mlcak R, Cortiella J. Production and transplantation of bioengineered lung into a large-animal model. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/452/eaao3926. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The inability to produce perfusable microvasculature networks capable of supporting tissue survival and of withstanding physiological pressures without leakage is a fundamental problem facing the field of tissue engineering. Microvasculature is critically important for production of bioengineered lung (BEL), which requires systemic circulation to support tissue survival and coordination of circulatory and respiratory systems to ensure proper gas exchange. To advance our understanding of vascularization after bioengineered organ transplantation, we produced and transplanted BEL without creation of a pulmonary artery anastomosis in a porcine model. A single pneumonectomy, performed 1 month before BEL implantation, provided the source of autologous cells used to bioengineer the organ on an acellular lung scaffold. During 30 days of bioreactor culture, we facilitated systemic vessel development using growth factor–loaded microparticles. We evaluated recipient survival, autograft (BEL) vascular and parenchymal tissue development, graft rejection, and microbiome reestablishment in autografted animals 10 hours, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months after transplant. BEL became well vascularized as early as 2 weeks after transplant, and formation of alveolar tissue was observed in all animals (n = 4). There was no indication of transplant rejection. BEL continued to develop after transplant and did not require addition of exogenous growth factors to drive cell proliferation or lung and vascular tissue development. The sterile BEL was seeded and colonized by the bacterial community of the native lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E. Nichols
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Jean A. Niles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Stephanie P. Vega
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Luba Frank
- Department of Radiology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - David C. Christiani
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Environmental, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology Department, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard B. Pyles
- Galveston National Laboratory, Assay Development Core, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ruyang Zhang
- Environmental, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology Department, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Su Li
- Environmental, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology Department, TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason Sakamoto
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jessica Rhudy
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Greg Hendricks
- Radiology Division of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worchester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Filippo Begarani
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xuewu Liu
- Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Igor Patrikeev
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rahul Pal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Emiliya Usheva
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Grace Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Aaron Miller
- Galveston National Laboratory, Assay Development Core, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Lee Woodson
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Adam Wacher
- Department of Anesthesiology, UTMB, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maria Grimaldo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Daniil Weaver
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ron Mlcak
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Galveston, TX 77550, USA
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23
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Fourour S, Fablet C, Tocqueville V, Dorenlor V, Eono F, Eveno E, Kempf I, Marois-Créhan C. A new multiplex real-time TaqMan ® PCR for quantification of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. flocculare: exploratory epidemiological investigations to research mycoplasmal association in enzootic pneumonia-like lesions in slaughtered pigs. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:345-355. [PMID: 29603531 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS A new multiplex qPCR, targeting Mycoplasma (M.) hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. flocculare, was developed and the relationship between detection of those mycoplasma species and the extent of gross pneumonia-like lesions in slaughtered pigs lungs were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS The multiplex qPCR method targets the p102, p37 and fruA genes and has detection limits of 14, 146 and 16 genome equivalents μl-1 for M. hyopneumoniae, M. hyorhinis and M. flocculare, respectively. In all, 671 lungs were collected and analysed, among them 666 were scored for macroscopic pneumonia and categorized according to the extent of the lesions (no or minor lesions, moderate lesions and extensive lesions). According to results of multiplex qPCR, 59·5% were positive for M. hyopneumoniae, 3·4% for M. hyorhinis and 34·7% for M. flocculare, with on average, 3·1 × 107 , 9·7 × 106 and 5·7 × 106 genome equivalents of mycoplasma ml-1 , respectively. More results showed that no or minor lesions were associated with multiplex qPCR-negative results or qPCR-positive results for M. flocculare. Moderate to extensive lesions were positively correlated with qPCR-positive results for M. hyopneumoniae. Extensive lesions were associated with qPCR-positive results for at least two mycoplasma species (M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis). CONCLUSION The findings also indicated that M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyorhinis significantly increased the odds for a lung to have macroscopic pneumonia. No relationship was found between the extent of lesions and the mycoplasma genome load. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This new multiplex qPCR appears to be specific, sufficiently sensitive and repeatable. The validation of this method with field samples guarantees its use for field epidemiological investigations, particularly to gain more insight into the aetiology of the porcine respiratory disease complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Fourour
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - C Fablet
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - V Tocqueville
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - V Dorenlor
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - F Eono
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - E Eveno
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Swine Epidemiology and Welfare Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - I Kempf
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
| | - C Marois-Créhan
- Ploufragan-Plouzané Laboratory, Mycoplasmology-Bacteriology Unit, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Ploufragan, France.,European University of Brittany-Loire, Rennes, France
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24
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Dijkman R, Feberwee A, Landman WJM. Development and evaluation of a multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Mycoplasma synoviae. Avian Pathol 2017; 45:426-42. [PMID: 26926568 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1154135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Reproducible molecular Mycoplasma synoviae typing techniques with sufficient discriminatory power may help to expand knowledge on its epidemiology and contribute to the improvement of control and eradication programmes of this mycoplasma species. The present study describes the development and validation of a novel multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M. synoviae. Thirteen M. synoviae isolates originating from different poultry categories, farms and lesions, were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Their sequences were compared to that of M. synoviae reference strain MS53. A high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) indicating considerable genetic diversity were identified. SNPs were present in over 40 putative target genes for MLST of which five target genes were selected (nanA, uvrA, lepA, ruvB and ugpA) for the MLST scheme. This scheme was evaluated analysing 209 M. synoviae samples from different countries, categories of poultry, farms and lesions. Eleven clonal clusters and 76 different sequence types (STs) were obtained. Clustering occurred following geographical origin, supporting the hypothesis of regional population evolution. M. synoviae samples obtained from epidemiologically linked outbreaks often harboured the same ST. In contrast, multiple M. synoviae lineages were found in samples originating from swollen joints or oviducts from hens that produce eggs with eggshell apex abnormalities indicating that further research is needed to identify the genetic factors of M. synoviae that may explain its variations in tissue tropism and disease inducing potential. Furthermore, MLST proved to have a higher discriminatory power compared to variable lipoprotein and haemagglutinin A typing, which generated 50 different genotypes on the same database.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Dijkman
- a GD-Animal Health Service , Deventer , the Netherlands
| | - A Feberwee
- a GD-Animal Health Service , Deventer , the Netherlands
| | - W J M Landman
- a GD-Animal Health Service , Deventer , the Netherlands
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25
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Jironkin A, Brown RJ, Underwood A, Chalker VJ, Spiller OB. Genomic determination of minimum multi-locus sequence typing schemas to represent the genomic phylogeny of Mycoplasma hominis. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:964. [PMID: 27881098 PMCID: PMC5120421 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma hominis is an opportunistic human pathogen, associated with clinically diverse disease. Currently, there is no standardised method for typing M. hominis, which would aid in understanding pathogen epidemiology and transmission. Due to availability and costs of whole genome sequencing and the challenges in obtaining adequate M. hominis DNA, the use of whole genome sequence analysis to provide clinical guidance is unpractical for this bacterial species as well as other fastidious organisms. Results This study identified pan-genome set of 700 genes found to be present in four published reference genomes. A subset of 417 genes was identified to be core genome for 18 isolates and 1 reference. Leave-one-out analysis of the core genes highlighted set of 48 genes that are required to recapture the original phylogenetic relationships observed using whole genome SNP analysis. Three 7-locus MLST schemas with high diversity index (97%) and low dN/dS ratios (0.1, 0.13, and 0.11) were derived that could be used to confer good discrimination between strains and could be of practical use in future studies direct on clinical specimens. Conclusions The genes proposed in this study could be utilised to design a cost-effective and rapid PCR-based MLST assay that could be applied directly to clinical isolates, without prior isolation. This study includes additional genomic analysis revealing high levels of genetic heterogeneity among this species. This provides a novel and evidence based approach for the development of MLST schema that accurately represent genomic phylogeny for use in epidemiology and transmission studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3284-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca J Brown
- Colindale, Public Health England, London, UK.,School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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26
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Trüeb B, Catelli E, Luehrs A, Nathues H, Kuhnert P. Genetic variability and limited clonality of Mycoplasma hyorhinis in pig herds. Vet Microbiol 2016; 191:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Yuan S, Qu L, Shou C. N-Terminal Polypeptide of Annexin A2 Decreases Infection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis to Gastric Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147776. [PMID: 26812398 PMCID: PMC4727897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma infection in human and its contamination in cell cultures are worldwide problems. The drugs currently available for preventing or treating mycoplasma infection suffer from low sensitivity, strong resistance and high toxicity. Our previous work showed that Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) infection was mediated by the interaction between p37 of M. hyorhinis and Annexin A2 (ANXA2) of host cells, however the translational value of this mechanism was unknown. Herein, we synthesized the N-terminal of ANXA2 polypeptide (A2PP) and found that A2PP could decrease the infection of M. hyorhinis to gastric cancer cells and block M. hyorhinis infection-induced cell migration. Furthermore, we found that A2PP could reduce M. hyorhinis contamination of passage cells. Moreover, compared with the commercial antibiotics commonly used in cell culture to prevent M. hyorhinis infection, A2PP demonstrated a more effectiveness but a low toxicity on cell growth. Thus, our study for the first time revealed A2PP’s potential for the treatment and prevention of M. hyorhinis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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28
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Hong S, Lee HA, Chung Y, Kim O. Diagnosis of Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection in pigs by PCR amplification of 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region. J Biomed Res 2015. [DOI: 10.12729/jbr.2015.16.3.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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29
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Development of a Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Molecular Typing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26202118 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01301-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major human respiratory pathogen causing both upper and lower respiratory disease in humans of all ages, and it can also result in other serious extrapulmonary sequelae. A multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for M. pneumoniae was developed based on the sequences of eight housekeeping genes (ppa, pgm, gyrB, gmk, glyA, atpA, arcC, and adk) and applied to 55 M. pneumoniae clinical isolates and the two type strains M129 and FH. A total of 12 sequence types (STs) resulted for 57 M. pneumoniae isolates tested, with a discriminatory index of 0.21 STs per isolate. The MLST loci used in this scheme were shown to be stable in 10 strains following 10 sequential subculture passages. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of the eight loci indicated two distinct genetic clusters that were directly linked to multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) type. Genetic MLST clustering was confirmed by genomic sequence analysis, indicating that the MLST scheme developed in this study is representative of the genome. Furthermore, this MLST scheme was shown to be more discriminatory than both MLVA and P1 typing for the M. pneumoniae isolates examined, providing a method for further and more detailed analysis of observed epidemic peaks of M. pneumoniae infection. This scheme is supported by a public Web-based database (http://pubmlst.org/mpneumoniae).
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30
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Becker CAM, Thibault FM, Arcangioli MA, Tardy F. Loss of diversity within Mycoplasma bovis isolates collected in France from bovines with respiratory diseases over the last 35 years. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 33:118-26. [PMID: 25913158 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma (M.) bovis has recently emerged as a major, worldwide etiological agent of bovine respiratory diseases leading to huge economic losses mainly due to high morbidity and mortality as well as poor growth rates. The spread of M. bovis infections between different animals, herds, regions or countries has been often reported to be connected to the movement of animals. However, despite recent considerable efforts, no universal subtyping method is yet available to trace M. bovis isolates circulation at an international scale. Moreover in France, the overall population diversity of M. bovis isolates has not been assessed since the early 1990s. This study was conducted to fill in these gaps. The genotypic diversity between sixty isolates collected in France over the last 35 years was assessed using two molecular subtyping methods that addressed either the long-term epidemiological relationships (Multi Locus Sequence Typing, MLST) or the genetic microvariations (Multiple Locus VNTR Analysis, MLVA) between isolates. Phenotypic diversity was also analyzed by using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to compare the main protein patterns of isolates. All proposed subtyping approaches were optimized and led to the same pattern in the French M. bovis population that consisted of two clusters, the first one comprising isolates collected before 2000 and the second, those collected after 2000. Recent strains were further shown to be more homogeneous than older ones, which is consistent with the spread of a single clone throughout the country. Because this spread was concomitant with the emergence of multiresistant M. bovis isolates, several hypotheses are discussed to explain the homogeneity of M. bovis isolates in France, even though the M. bovis species is fully equipped to generate diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire A M Becker
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - François M Thibault
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, HIA Desgenettes, F-69275 Lyon Cedex 03, France.
| | - Marie-Anne Arcangioli
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France; Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Florence Tardy
- Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des Ruminants, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.
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Dos Santos LF, Clavijo MJ, Sreevatsan S, Rovira A, Moreira MAS, Pieters M. Genotyping of Mycoplasma hyorhinis using multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis. J Microbiol Methods 2015; 111:87-92. [PMID: 25661497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) has re-emerged as an important swine pathogen in recent years causing significant economic losses in post weaning pigs. Genetic variability of M. hyorhinis has been described based on different molecular methods that have limited resolution and reproducibility. The present study was undertaken to develop a molecular epidemiological typing tool for M. hyorhinis based on multiple loci of variable number of tandem repeats in its genome, termed MLVA. The typing method was designed on the basis of the number of repeats in two hypothetical proteins, MHR_0152 and MHR_0298. A total of 205 samples were analyzed, including field isolates, clinical specimens, and a reference strain. Analysis of the combination of the 2 loci revealed 16 MLVA types in 165 of the 205 samples. In the remaining forty samples only one locus could be amplified. The most frequent types obtained from the set of samples were 8-4 (36.9%), 8-3 (11.5%), 7-4 (11.5%), 9-4 (10.9%) and 10-4 (9.3%). The Simpson's diversity index for the assay was D=0.814 when the 165 samples were taken into account. No clustering was observed based on the geographical location, sample type, or year of isolation or sampling. The MLVA assay developed in this investigation showed to be a reproducible and portable assay which could be easily performed and transferred to other laboratories. The use of this technique will assist in epidemiological investigations and can be used to improve the understanding the molecular biology of M. hyorhinis variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States; Departamento de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria J Clavijo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States; PIC North America, 100 Bluegrass Commons Blvd. Ste. 2200, Hendersonville, TN, 37075, United States
| | - Srinand Sreevatsan
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Maria A S Moreira
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.
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Clavijo MJ, Oliveira S, Zimmerman J, Rendahl A, Rovira A. Field evaluation of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for Mycoplasma hyorhinis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2014; 26:755-60. [PMID: 25319032 DOI: 10.1177/1040638714555175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyorhinis has emerged as an important cause of systemic disease in nursery pigs. However, this bacterium can also be found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy swine. The current study describes the development of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of M. hyorhinis and the evaluation of the assay in both disease diagnosis and disease surveillance using a large number of field samples. The analytical sensitivity was estimated to be 12 genome equivalents/μl. The assay was highly specific, detecting all 25 M. hyorhinis isolates tested and none of the 19 nontarget species tested. Assay repeatability was evaluated by testing different matrices spiked with known amounts of M. hyorhinis. Overall, assessment of the repeatability of the assay showed suitable precision within and between runs for all matrices. The coefficient of variation ranged from 10% to 24%. Mycoplasma hyorhinis DNA was detected in 48% of samples (pericardium, pleura, joints, nasal cavity, and lungs) from pigs with systemic disease. Mycoplasma hyorhinis was detected in nasal (92%) and oropharyngeal swabs (66%), as well as in oral fluids (100%). Potential uses of this tool involve the characterization of the prevalence of this pathogen in swine herds as well as bacterial quantification to evaluate intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Clavijo
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Clavijo, Oliveira, Rovira), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNSchool of Statistics (Rendahl), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Zimmerman)
| | - Simone Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Clavijo, Oliveira, Rovira), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNSchool of Statistics (Rendahl), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Zimmerman)
| | - Jeffrey Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Clavijo, Oliveira, Rovira), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNSchool of Statistics (Rendahl), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Zimmerman)
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Clavijo, Oliveira, Rovira), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNSchool of Statistics (Rendahl), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Zimmerman)
| | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine (Clavijo, Oliveira, Rovira), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNSchool of Statistics (Rendahl), University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MNDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA (Zimmerman)
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Duan H, Chen L, Qu L, Yang H, Song SW, Han Y, Ye M, Chen W, He X, Shou C. Mycoplasma hyorhinis infection promotes NF-κB-dependent migration of gastric cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5782-94. [PMID: 25136068 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic infection of Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) has been postulated to be associated with several types of cancer, but its effect on patients' survival and host factors mediating its infection remain unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that M. hyorhinis p37 protein expression in gastric cancer tissues predicts poor survival and associates with metastasis. M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes gastric cancer cell invasiveness via its membrane protein p37. Synthesized peptide corresponding to the N-terminus of p37 prevents M. hyorhinis infection. Host Annexin A2 (ANXA2) interacts with the N-terminus of p37. In addition, EGFR forms a complex with p37 and ANXA2, and is required for M. hyorhinis-induced phosphorylation and membrane recruitment of ANXA2. M. hyorhinis infection is inhibited by siRNA-mediated knockdown of ANXA2 or EGFR, but is enhanced by expression of ectopic ANXA2 or EGFR. Downstream of ANXA2 and EGFR, the NF-κB pathway is activated and mediates M. hyorhinis-driven cell migration. In conclusion, our study unveils the effect of M. hyorhinis infection on gastric cancer survival and uncovers the mechanisms by which M. hyorhinis infects mammalian cells and promotes cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Duan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Like Qu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sonya Wei Song
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Meihua Ye
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanyuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianglei He
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chengchao Shou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China.
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